sodium hydroxide,caustic soda,sodium hydrate,white caustic,soda lye,aetznatron,ascarite,sodium hydroxide na oh,sodium hydroxide solution,soda, caustic cas no:1310-73-2

Phosphinic acid, sodium salt; sodium monophosphate; Hypophosphorous Acid Monosodium Salt; Natriumhypophosphit (German); Phosphinic Acid Monosodium Salt; Sodium Phosphinate; Fosfinato de sodio (Spanish); Phosphinate de sodium (French) CAS NO : 7681-53-0

SODIUM IODIDE, N° CAS : 7681-82-5, Nom INCI : SODIUM IODIDE; Nom chimique : Sodium iodide; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-679-3. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes; Noms français : Iodure de sodium; Iodure de sodium anhydre; Sodium iodide, anhydrous; Sodium iodine ; Sodium monoiodide; Sodium monoiodine; Sodium, iodure de. Noms anglais : Anhydrous sodium iodide; Sodium iodide. Utilisation: L'iodure de sodium est utilisé notamment : en photographie , comme expectorant dans les médicaments pour la toux, dans la synthèse de produits organiques; Iodure de sodium; Ioduril; Jodid sodny; Natrii iodidum; Natriumjodid; Sodium iodide; Sodium iodide (NaI); Sodium monoiodide; Soiodin; Natriumiodid; sodio ioduro; sodium iodde; Sodium iodide; NaI; sodium;iodide; 231-679-3 [EINECS]; 7681-82-5 [RN]; Iodure de sodium [French] ; Natriumiodid [German] ; Sodium iodide ; SODIUM MONOIODIDE; 41927-88-2 [RN]; 59216-98-7 [RN]; 61456-04-0 [RN]; 7790-26-3 [RN]; Anayodin; hydriodic acid sodium salt; iodosodium ; Ioduril; Jodid sodny [Czech]; MFCD00003532 [MDL number]; NaI; NaI231-679-3MFCD00003532; Natrii iodidum; Natriumjodid [German]; Sodium iodide, 99%; Sodium iodide, ACS grade ; Sodium iodide, Trace metals grade; Sodiumiodide; Soiodin; WLN: NA I; 碘化钠 [Chinese]

Sodium Laureth Sulfate; Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; Sodium Lauryl Alcohol Diglycol Ether Sulfate; Sodiumlaurylglycolether cas no: 3088-31-1

(C10-C16) Alcohol ethoxylate sulfated sodium salt; SLES; sodium dodecyl sulfate-ethoxyethane (1:1:1); Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (AES) ,Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate, SLES, Sodium Alcohol Ether Sulfate, AES cas:68585-34-2

sodium lauryl sarcosinate; Sarkosyl; n-lauroylsarcosine, sodium salt; N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine, sodium salt; Sodium n-Lauriyl Sarcosinate; Natrium-N-lauroylsarkosinat (German); N-Lauroilsarcosinato de sodio (Spanish); N-Lauroylsarcosinate de sodium (French); cas no: 137-16-6

Lignin Sodium Sulfonate, Sodium Ligninsulfonate; Lignosulfonic acid, sodium salt; Lignosulfonic acid, sodium salt CAS :8061-51-6

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is substituted aromatic compound.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is a yellowish crystalline powder that is soluble in water.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate can be produced by sulfonation of nitrobenzene followed by the addition of common salts to the reaction mixture.

CAS Number: 127-68-4
Molecular Formula: C6H4NNaO5S
Molecular Weight: 225.15
EINECS number: 204-857-3

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is used in textile printing, amino anhtraquinone, electroplating,textile finishing chemicals synthesis.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is classified as an anti-reducing agent in a more recent publication.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate, also known as sodium meta-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid or sodium metanitrobenzenesulfonate monohydrate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H4(NO2)SO3Na.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of various dyes and pigments.
It is commonly employed in the synthesis of acid dyes, which are widely used in the textile industry for dyeing wool, silk, and nylon.
It can also be utilized as a reagent in organic synthesis reactions to introduce the nitrobenzenesulfonic acid group into other compounds.

Due to its sulfonic acid group, Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is highly water-soluble and possesses acidic properties.
It can be used as a pH regulator or a buffering agent in certain applications.
Additionally, it may find use as a corrosion inhibitor or a stabilizer in chemical processes.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate can also be used as a repair agent on patterned fabrics and white backgrounds.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate in Dye Intermediate Production Chemicals Manufacturing for Electroplating in Textile Printing is a primary dyestuff intermediate used in the pigments and electroplating industry.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in the manufacture of textiles, leather or fur.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is an essential dye intermediate used for amino anthraquinone synthesis.
Textile printing manufacturing chemicals for galvanic coating.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is also used as a builder for galvanic coating and as an aid for dyeing fabrics.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is a water-soluble ingredient used as a chemical additive in hair dyes and hair dyes.
It has been used as a basic ingredient in dyes and semi-permanent hair coloring products.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate are widely used in the detergent industry.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonatee consists of a benzene ring (C6H4) with a nitro group (-NO2) and a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) attached to it.
The sodium ion (Na+) is present to balance the negative charge of the sulfonate group.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can be prepared by the nitration of metanitrobenzenesulfonic acid with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
The resulting product is then neutralized with sodium hydroxide to form the sodium salt.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is classified as an anti-reducing agent in a more recent publication.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is a water-soluble ingredient used as a chemical additive in hair dyes and hair dyes.
It has been used as a basic ingredient in dyes and semi-permanent hair coloring products.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate can be produced by sulfonation of nitrobenzene followed by the addition of common salts to the reaction mixture.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is the largest-volume synthetic surfactant because of its relatively low cost, good performance, the fact that it can be dried to a stable powder and the biodegradable environmental friendliness.
Intermediate for dyes, Oxidizing agent for Electroplating, Auxiliary for printing fabrics.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is an important intermediate in the synthesis of acid dyes.
Acid dyes are used for coloring protein fibers such as wool, silk, and nylon.
They have good affinity for these fibers and can form strong bonds, resulting in vibrant and durable colors.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can be used as a reagent in organic synthesis to introduce the nitrobenzenesulfonic acid group into other molecules.
This functional group can modify the properties of organic compounds and make them suitable for specific applications.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is acidic in nature due to the presence of the sulfonic acid group.
Therefore, it can be used as a pH regulator or a buffering agent in various chemical processes and formulations.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is sometimes utilized as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces from degradation caused by chemical reactions with substances such as acids or oxygen.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is an essential dye intermediate used for amino anthraquinone synthesis.
Textile printing manufacturing chemicals for galvanic coating.
In the chemical, electrical/electronic, photographic and textile processing industries (colouring, electroplating, fixing, oxidizer and surfactant).

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can be used as an anti-whitening agent in the resistance printing of vat dyes; Filling of colored light protectant and Reactive Dyes in printing.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is used in the synthesis of quinoline.
It is also used in Stabilizer for dyeing of fibers; assistant in discharge printing; oxidizing agent in demetalizers and industrial cleaners.

Melting point: 350 °C
Boiling point: 217.5°C
Density: 0.45 g/cm3 (20 °C)
vapor pressure: 10.3Pa at 25℃
Flash point: 100 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: water: soluble50mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, faintly yellow to yellow
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 0[at 20 ℃]
color: Light yellow
PH: 8 (50g/l, H2O, 23℃)
Water Solubility: 200 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 3639982
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: LJRGBERXYNQPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -2.61 at 25℃

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is also used in Stabilizer for dyeing fibers; assistant in etching printing; oxidizing agent in metal removers and industrial cleaners.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is highly soluble in water.
This property makes it suitable for various aqueous-based applications.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is generally stable under normal conditions.
However, it may decompose at high temperatures or in the presence of strong acids or bases.
It is important to store and handle the compound appropriately to maintain its stability.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is compatible with a range of other chemicals and materials.
However, it is always advisable to perform compatibility tests when considering its use in specific formulations or applications.

Like other chemicals, Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate should be handled responsibly to minimize its impact on the environment.
It should be disposed of according to local regulations and guidelines.
As a chemical compound, Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate may be subject to various regulations and restrictions in different jurisdictions.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is essential to comply with applicable laws and regulations regarding its production, handling, storage, and use.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate may also be referred to as sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, or sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used as an intermediate for dyes and fluorescent brightener.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used as a builder for galvanic coating and as an aid for dyeing fabrics.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used for cotton fabrics with boat color effect yarns and In-boat abrasion printing on floors dyed with direct cotton dyestuffs.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is a water-soluble substance used as a chemical additive in hair dyes and hair dyes.
stabilizer for dyeing fibers; assistant in etching printing; oxidizing agent in metal removers and industrial cleaners.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used as a resistant agent for dyeing and printing, avoiding the formation of streaks.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate (3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) was used in the synthesis of quinoline.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate used as catalyst is also a dye intermediate, used as dyeing inhibitor for boat paints, sulfur dyes and dyes.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate can also be used as a rust inhibitor and nickel plating agent for ships.
galvanic.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in formulation or repackaging and in industrial plants.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in textile finishing products and dyes.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, leather purification products, non-metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, textile finishing products and paints, and welding and brazing products.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used as a chemical additive in hair dyes and coloring.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is also used in Stabilizer for dyeing fibers; assistant in etching printing; oxidizing agent in metal removers and industrial cleaners.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in the synthesis of quinoline.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate has been used as a base ingredient in semi-permanent hair coloring products.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used for cotton fabrics with boat color effect yarns and In-boat abrasion printing on floors dyed with direct cotton dyestuffs.
Addition of Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene in the process of mercerizing products containing colored effect yarns.
The sulfonate to mercerized liquor prevents reduction of the dyestuff with dimensional residues and other impurities.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is also used as a builder for galvanic coating and as an aid for dyeing fabrics.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in the synthesis of quinoline.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate has been used as a base ingredient in semi-permanent hair coloring products.

Finishing agents Pigments Coatings and surface treatment agents Processing aids not elsewhere listed Solvents (which become part of the product formulation or mixture) nickel stripping, electroplating.
Industrial Processing Sectors All other basic organic chemical manufacturing Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing Fabricated metal product manufacturing Paint and coating manufacturing Primary metal.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, non-metal surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, laboratory chemicals, welding and brazing products, and leatherworking products.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used as a special additive in nickel stripping electroplating.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used as a builder for galvanic coating and as an aid for dyeing fabrics.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in the synthesis of quinoline.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used as a nickel remover in the electroplating industry, as a resistant agent in painting.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is a reagent used in the synthesis of azetidinyl ketolides for the treatment of sensitive and sensitive patients.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate is used in laboratories as part of experimental procedures.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate can be important parts of chemical reactions, analytical reagents or initiation.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate, Various Intermediates for Dyes, Oxidizing Agent for Electroplating, Auxiliary for Printing Fabrics and more.

Uses
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is a reagent in the synthesis of azetidinyl ketolides for treatment of susceptible and multidrug resistant community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of acid dyes.
Acid dyes are widely used in the textile industry for dyeing protein fibers such as wool, silk, and nylon.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can be used as a reagent in organic synthesis reactions.
The Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate group it contains can be introduced into other organic compounds to modify their properties or create new molecules with desired characteristics.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is widely used in the textile industry for the production of acid dyes.
Acid dyes are employed to color natural and synthetic fibers, including wool, silk, nylon, and acrylic.
These dyes have excellent color fastness and are resistant to washing and light exposure.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is utilized in the formulation of inks and printing materials.
It provides bright and vibrant colors for printing on various substrates, including paper, textiles, and plastics.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is also used in the leather industry for dyeing and finishing leather products.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate helps impart color and improves the color fastness properties of the dyes used in leather dyeing.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate may be employed in water treatment processes as a reducing agent or a chemical modifier.
It can help in the removal of heavy metals and pollutants from water systems.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is used as a reagent in chemical research and laboratory settings for various purposes, including organic synthesis, analysis, and characterization of compounds.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is used in the photographic industry as a component in developing solutions.
It helps in developing and fixing photographic prints by controlling the chemical reactions that produce the final image.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can be used in metal cleaning and surface treatment applications.
It aids in the removal of impurities and oxidation from metal surfaces, preparing them for further processing or coating.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate may find use in the polymer industry as an additive or a modifying agent.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can enhance the performance and properties of polymers, including their solubility, stability, or dyeability.
Due to its acidic nature, sodium metanitrobenzenesulfonate can be used as a pH regulator or a buffering agent in various chemical processes.
It helps maintain a stable pH level or prevent drastic changes in pH during reactions.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate an be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate helps improve the bonding properties and adhesion strength of these materials.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is utilized in textile printing processes.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate acts as a color developer, helping to fix and enhance the coloration of printed designs on fabrics.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonateis employed in the paper industry as a dye and colorant for specialty papers, such as tissue paper, decorative paper, and packaging materials.
It provides vibrant colors and enhances the visual appeal of the paper products.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can be found in some cosmetic and personal care products, including hair dyes and hair care formulations.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate functions as a colorant and helps in achieving desired hair colors.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is used as a staining agent in biological and histological staining techniques.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate helps visualize and differentiate cellular structures under a microscope.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate has been investigated for its potential antimicrobial properties.
It may have applications in developing antimicrobial agents for various purposes, including disinfection and preservation.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is utilized in research and development laboratories for various experimental purposes, such as chemical reactions, synthesis of new compounds, and the study of reaction kinetics.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can be used in water-based coatings, such as paints and varnishes.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate may be employed as a reference standard or reagent in analytical chemistry methods, including spectrophotometry and chromatography.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate may be utilized as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces from degradation caused by chemical reactions with substances such as acids or oxygen.
It forms a protective layer on the metal surface, reducing corrosion and extending the lifespan of metal components.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can be used in analytical chemistry techniques, such as spectrophotometry, to determine the concentration of certain substances in solutions.
It may act as a colorimetric reagent or a standard for calibration purposes.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate may find use as a component in certain pharmaceutical formulations, as an additive in electroplating baths, or as an intermediate in the synthesis of other specialty chemicals.

Health Hazards:
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate may cause skin irritation upon direct contact.
Prolonged or repeated contact with the compound can lead to redness, itching, and possible dermatitis.

Contact with Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can cause irritation to the eyes, resulting in redness, tearing, and discomfort.
Proper eye protection should be worn when handling the compound.

Inhalation Hazards
Inhalation of dust or aerosolized particles of Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can cause respiratory irritation.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is important to work in well-ventilated areas or use appropriate respiratory protection when handling the compound in powdered form.

Fire and Explosion Hazards
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate isnot considered highly flammable.
However, it can contribute to the intensity of a fire if involved in a fire situation.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate can decompose at high temperatures, releasing toxic gases and fumes, including nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

Environmental Hazards
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulphonate is soluble in water, and if released into the environment, it can contaminate water sources.
It is important to handle and dispose of the compound according to local regulations to prevent environmental pollution.

Synonyms
127-68-4
SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULFONATE
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate
Sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate
Nitrol S
Ludigol
Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt
Tiskan [Czech]
Ludigol F,60
Tiskan
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt
m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt
HSDB 5614
Benzenesulfonic acid, m-nitro-, sodium salt
NSC 9795
EINECS 204-857-3
Nitrobenzen-m-sulfonan sodny [Czech]
m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
Nitrobenzen-m-sulfonan sodny
UNII-1F11SXJ4C6
sodium m-nitrobenzene sulfonate
1F11SXJ4C6
DTXSID2027048
m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt
EC 204-857-3
Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt (1:1)
Benzenesulfonic acid, m-nitro-, sodium salt (8CI); 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
NSC-9795
MFCD00007490
Resist Salt
sodium 3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonate
C6H4NO5S.Na
sodium 3-nitrophenylsulfonate
Sodium3-nitrobenzenesulphonate
sodium m-nitrobezene sulfonate
sodium;3-nitrobenzenesulfonate
SCHEMBL340713
sodium m-nitrobenzenesulphonate
DTXCID107048
sodium 3-nitro-benzenesulfonate
sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate
sodium m-nitrobenzene-sulphonate
CHEMBL3188704
Sodium 3- nitrobenzenesulphonate
sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulphonate
sodium 3-nitro-benzene sulfonate
3-nitrobenzene sulfonate sodium salt
Tox21_200902
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 98%
3-nitrobenzensulfonic acid sodium salt
AKOS015900868
3-nitro-phenylsulfonic acid sodium salt
3-nitro benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
3-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
3-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt
m-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt
NCGC00258456-01
3-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt
AC-11596
AS-12915
CAS-127-68-4
LS-32039
Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, 3-
Acide m-nitrobenznesulfonique, sel de sodium
FT-0616236
N0141
SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULFONATE [HSDB]
SODIUM M-NITROBENZENESULFONATE [INCI]
EN300-142340
W-108378
Q27252345
F1113-0115

Sodium Metabisulfite; Dinatriumdisulfit; Disulfito de disodio; Disulfite de disodium; Disodium disulfite; Disodium Salt Pyrosulfurous Acid; Disulfurous acid, disodium salt; Pyrosulfurous acid, disodium salt; Sodium Metabisulfite; Sodium disulfite; Sodium Pyrosulfite; cas no: 7681-57-4

Sodium metabisulfite; Sodium pyrosulfite; Disulfite; Pyrosulfite; Dinatriumdisulfit; Disulfito de disodio; Disulfite de disodium; Disodium disulfite; Disodium Salt Pyrosulfurous Acid; Disulfurous acid, disodium salt; Pyrosulfurous acid, disodium salt; Sodium Metabisulfite; Sodium disulfite; Sodium Pyrosulfite CAS NO : 7681-57-4

Metso Beads, Silicic acid, disodium salt; Sodium-m-Silicate; Orthosil; Disodium metasilicate; Disodium Monosilicate; Waterglass; Disodium trioxosilicate; CAS NO:6834-92-0 CAS NO:pentahydrate: 10213-79-3 CAS NO:nonhydrate: 13517-24-3

Sodium silicate, disodium oxosilanediolate, Sodium siliconate, Sodium polysilicate, Sodium water glass, Sodium sesquisilicate, Disodium metasilicate, Disodium silicate, Sodium silicon oxide, Disodium monosilicate, disodium oxosilanediolate, silanediolate, 1-oxo-, sodium salt (1:2); silanediolate, oxo-, disodium salt; Silicic acid, sodium salt; CAS Number : 6834-92-0

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate; Metso Beads, Silicic acid, disodium salt; Sodium-m-Silicate; Orthosil; Disodium metasilicate; Disodium Monosilicate; Waterglass; Disodium trioxosilicate; cas no: 10213-79-3

Metso Beads, Silicic acid, disodium salt; Sodium-m-Silicate; Orthosil; Disodium metasilicate; Disodium Monosilicate; Waterglass; Disodium trioxosilicate; CAS NO:6834-92-0 CAS NO:pentahydrate: 10213-79-3 CAS NO:nonhydrate: 13517-24-3

methylparaben; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; Natrium-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolat; 4-(metoxicarbonil)fenolato de sodio; 4-(méthoxycarbonyl)phénolate de sodium; Methyl paraben sodium salt; Sodium methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; methyl-4-oxide-benzoate, sodium salt; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; cas no: 5026-62-0

synonyme : paraben / PAO / parahydroxybenzoate, Inci : sodium methylparaben, Cas : 5026-62-0. Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt; Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium deriv.; Bonomold OMNa; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; Methylparaben sodium; Methylparaben, sodium salt; Preserval MS; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; Sodium 4-carbomethoxyphenolate; Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium methylparaben; Sodium p-methoxycarbonylphenoxide; Sodium, (p-carboxyphenoxy)-, methyl ester (7CI); Solparol; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt (1:1); methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Sodium salt; Methyl paraben sodium; Methylparaben sodium salt; Nipasept Sodium; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl) phenolate; sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-olate; Sodium 4-methoxycarbonylphenolate; Sodium methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium methylparabenSodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; sodium;4-methoxycarbonylphenolate. Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt; Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium deriv.; Bonomold OMNa; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; Methylparaben sodium; Methylparaben, sodium salt; Preserval MS;Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate;Sodium 4-carbomethoxyphenolate;Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate;Sodium methylparaben;Sodium p-methoxycarbonylphenoxide;Sodium, (p-carboxyphenoxy)-, methyl ester (7CI); Solparol; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt (1:1); methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Sodium salt; Methyl paraben sodium; Methylparaben sodium salt; Nipasept Sodium; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl) phenolate; sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-olate; Sodium 4-methoxycarbonylphenolate; Sodium methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium methylparabenSodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; sodium;4-methoxycarbonylphenolate

Chloroacetic acid, sodium salt; Aceticacid,chloro-,sodiumsalt; chloro-aceticacisodiumsalt; chloroctansodny; dowdefoliant; monoxone; sma; smca; Sodum chloroacetate; Monochloroacetic Acid Sodium; Natriumchloracetat; Sodium salt of chloroacetic acid; Chloroacetate sodium; sodium salt of chloroacetic acid sodium chloroacetate CAS NO:3926-62-3

Sodium Nitrate; Soda Niter; Cubic Niter; Chile Saltpeter; Sodium(I) NitrateNitrate of Soda; Nitrate de sodium; Nitric acid sodium salt cas no: 7631-99-4

Sodium Nitrite; Azotyn sodowy ; Dusitan sodny; Natrium nitrit; Nitrite de sodium; Nitrito sodico; Nitrous acid sodium salt CAS NO:7632-00-0

Sodium oleate; osteum; oleic acid sodium salt; oleic acid; sodium salt CAS NO: 143-19-1

Sodium Omadine 40% Fungicide is a highly active, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that, when used at recommended concentrations, can help to prevent and minimize problems associated with fungal contamination.
Sodium Omadine 40% is the 40% aqueous sodium salt derivative of pyrithione.
Sodium Omadine 40% possesses high water solubility, high activity and non-irritating & non-sensitizing properties.

CAS Number: 3811-73-2
Molecular Formula: C5H6NNaOS
Molecular Weight: 151.16
EINECS Number: 223-296-5

Sodium Omadine, 3811-73-2, Sodium pyrithione, Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide, Pyrithione sodium salt, Omadine sodium, PYRITHIONE SODIUM, 2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt, sodium (1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-yl)sulfanide, MFCD01941547, 2-Mercaptopyridine 1-oxide sodium salt, DTXSID3042390, 2-Mercaptopyridinen-oxide sodium salt, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide (sodium), Tomicide s, 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt, 6L3991491R, Topcide 280, 2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide, sodium salt (1:1), 2-Pyridinethiol 1-Oxide Sodium Salt, Sodium 2-sulfidopyridine 1-oxide, NSC-4483, Sodium omadine (VAN), AL-02725, Sodium pyrithione (VAN), 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sodium salt, 2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, sodium salt, 2-Mercaptopyridine n-oxide sodium, Prestwick_78, NSC 4483, EINECS 223-296-5, Sodium, (2-pyridylthio)-, N-oxide, Sodium, (2-pyridinylthio)-, N-oxide, 2-Pyridinethiol, N-oxide, sodium salt, (1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, AI3-22596, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt anhydrous, SCHEMBL3101261, CHEMBL2364542, DTXCID1022390, SODIUM PYRITHIONE [INCI], AMY3577, WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M, UNII-6L3991491R, N-Hydroxypyridinethione Sodium Salt, PYRITHIONE SODIUM [WHO-DD], STR00395, Tox21_300128, AKOS000121187, 2-Mercaptopyridine-1-oxide sodium salt, AC-1079, HY-125785A, Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide, sodium salt, NCGC00254107-01, SY061676, CAS-3811-73-2, CS-0129647, M0632, M2841, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, 95%, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, 98%, 2-PYRIDINETHIOL-1-OXIDE, SODIUM SALT, EN300-18847, 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt hydrate, EC 223-296-5, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96%, (1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, tech., W-106499, Q27265081, Z90667629, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96.0% (NT), SODIUM SALT OF 1-HYDROXY 2(1H)-PYRIDINE, THIONE,Mercaptopyridine n-oxide sodium,N-Hydroxypyridinethione Sodium Salt,EBD41219,STR00395,Tox21_300128,AKOS000121187,sodium1-, oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-thiolate,2- ercaptopyridine-1-oxide sodium salt,AC-1079,HY-125785A,Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxide, sodium salt, NCGC00254107-01, CAS-3811-73-2, CS-0129647,M0632,M2841,Sodium, (2 pyridylthio)-, N-oxide (7CI),2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, 95%,EC 223-296-5,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96%,(1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sodium salt, tech.,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, anhydrous,W-106499,Q27265081,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt, >=96.0% (NT),Sodium pyridine-2-thiolate N-oxide, 40% aqueous solution,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt solution, ~40% in H2O, very deep brown,Sodium2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxide sodium salt,,2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt, N-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt,Omadine sodium, Omadine sodium 40%, pyrithione sodium, 2-Pyridinethiol, 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sodium salt, 2- Mercaptopyridine-1-oxide sodium salt, 2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt, Pyrithione sodium salt, 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, 1-
hydroxypyridine-2-thione, 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide (CAS No. 1121-31-9), 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione (CAS No. 1121-30-8), NaPT, Sodi, UT900000, SODIUM OMADINE, thione(reagent), Sodium pyrithion, SODIUM PYRITHIONE, PYRITHIONE SODIUM, PYRITHIONE SODIUM SALT, Sodium pyrithione(NaPT), Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide (3811-73-2), 15922-78-8: Pyrithione sodium, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato sodium, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sodium salt, AL02725, Omacide 24, Omadine sodium, SQ 3277, Sel de sodium de 1-hydroxy-2 (1H)- pyridinethione [French], Sodium 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione

Sodium Omadine 40% fungicide is registered with the United States Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), for use in metalworking, cutting, cooling and lubricating concentrates and enduse fluids.
Sodium Omadine 40% Fungicide by Arxada is a sodium pyrithione.
Sodium Omadine 40% Fungicide provides good short-term protection against bacteria and fungus.

In the United States Sodium Omadine 40% is a violation of federal law to use an antimicrobial agent in an application for which it does not have EPA registration.
Sodium Omadine 40% is a fungicide, 40% active content, formaldehyde free, pH stable aqueous solution designed for concentrates and tankside use.
Avoid use in cast iron grinding applications.

Sodium Omadine 40% is a broad spectrum antifungal agent and is effective against many fungi (yeast and mold) commonly found in metalworking fluid systems and an excellent choice for use as a tankside additive.
Sodium Omadine 40% is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.
The active ingredient in sodium omadine is 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, commonly known as pyrithione.

Sodium Omadine 40%'s are effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
Sodium Omadine 40% refers to a solution in which the active ingredient, sodium pyrithione, is present at a concentration of 40%.
This solution is often used in various applications, such as in the formulation of antimicrobial products, including shampoos, soaps, and industrial disinfectants.

Sodium omadine 40% is known for its antimicrobial properties.
Sodium Omadine 40% can inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, making it effective in products designed for hygiene and disinfection.
Sodium Omadine 40%, particularly in lower concentrations, is commonly used as an active ingredient in dandruff shampoos.

Sodium Omadine 40% helps control the growth of the yeast Malassezia, which is associated with dandruff.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in various industrial applications where antimicrobial properties are required.
This includes its use in formulations for coatings, paints, and other materials.

In some formulations, Sodium Omadine 40% can serve as a preservative, helping to prevent the growth of microorganisms in products like paints and adhesives.
Sodium Omadine 40% is generally compatible with a range of formulations, but its effectiveness and stability can depend on the specific product and conditions of use.
Products containing sodium omadine are subject to regulatory oversight, and their use and concentration may be governed by local regulations and guidelines.

Sodium Omadine 40% is incorporated into certain paints and coatings to provide antimicrobial properties, helping to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi on surfaces.
In addition to dandruff shampoos, Sodium Omadine 40% may be included in certain skin care products, such as soaps and lotions, to impart antimicrobial effects.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in textile treatments to provide antimicrobial properties to fabrics, reducing the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi.

Some personal care products, including body washes and hand sanitizers, may contain sodium omadine as an antimicrobial agent.
Sodium Omadine 40% has been explored for its potential use in water treatment applications to control the growth of microorganisms in water systems.
Certain plastic and polymer products may incorporate Sodium Omadine 40% to provide antimicrobial properties, particularly in applications where microbial growth could be a concern.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to prevent the growth of microorganisms, contributing to product stability.
In the leather industry, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in treatments to provide antimicrobial effects, helping to preserve and protect leather products.
Sodium Omadine 40% has been explored for its potential use in wood preservation treatments, where it could contribute to preventing decay caused by fungi and bacteria.

In industrial settings, Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in the preservation of various fluids, such as metalworking fluids, to prevent microbial contamination.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into metalworking fluids to control the growth of microorganisms, maintaining the quality of the fluids.
In certain applications, Sodium Omadine 40% is used to protect copper and copper alloys from corrosion caused by microorganisms.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be part of formulations for disinfectants and sanitizers, contributing to their antimicrobial efficacy.
In veterinary products, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in certain formulations, such as shampoos for pets, to address skin conditions and control microbial growth.
Sodium Omadine 40% has been studied for its potential use in cooling tower water treatment to control microbiological fouling.

Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in the oil and gas industry for controlling microbial growth in various processes.
Sodium Omadine 40% is widely used as a biocide, meaning it has the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae.
In the marine industry, Sodium Omadine 40% is employed in antifouling coatings to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls, reducing drag and fuel consumption.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in the paper and pulp industry to control microbial growth in various stages of paper production.
Sodium Omadine 40% is utilized in cooling water treatment to prevent the formation of biofilms, algae, and other microorganisms that can impact the efficiency of cooling systems.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be added to metal cutting fluids to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the stability of the fluids during machining processes.

In the oil and gas sector, Sodium Omadine 40% may be employed in drilling fluids and completion fluids to control microbial growth in oilfield operations.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in certain biomedical and healthcare products, such as wound care formulations, where antimicrobial properties are desired.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in treatments for footwear and textiles to impart antimicrobial properties, reducing odor and microbial growth.

Sodium Omadine 40% is applied in wood coatings to protect against decay caused by fungi and bacteria, particularly in outdoor or humid environments.
In the construction industry, Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into concrete additives to prevent the growth of microorganisms on surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% is effective in controlling mold and mildew growth in various applications, such as in building materials and household products.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in water-based systems, such as paints and adhesives, to prevent microbial contamination and extend the shelf life of these product.
Sodium Omadine 40% finds applications in the metalworking industry for preserving metalworking fluids and preventing microbial degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be utilized in the polymer industry to control microbial contamination in polymer formulations.

Sodium Omadine 40% has been studied for its potential use in reservoir preservation, particularly in preventing microbial-related issues in water reservoirs.
In enhanced oil recovery processes, Sodium Omadine 40% may be considered to control microbial growth and maintain fluid quality.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be employed in petrochemical processes to inhibit microbial fouling and degradation of equipment.
Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in agriculture, including the preservation of agricultural products and the control of microbial contaminants in farm settings.

Melting point: -25 °C
Boiling point: 109 °C
Density: 1.22
vapor pressure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
refractive index:1.4825
storage temp.. Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, faintly yellow
form: Solution
color: very deep brown
Water: Solubility: 54.7 g/100 mL
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: 334nm(H2O)(lit.)
Merck: 14,7994
BRN: 4026050
InChIKey: WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -2.38 at 20℃ and pH7

Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in water-based adhesive formulations to prevent microbial contamination and maintain adhesive performance.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be incorporated as an additive in paper coatings to provide antimicrobial protection and enhance the longevity of paper products.
Sodium Omadine 40% is employed in some filtration systems to prevent microbial growth on filter media, ensuring the efficiency of the filtration process.

In the construction industry, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in concrete sealers to protect against microbial deterioration of concrete surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% is sometimes used as an active ingredient in antimicrobial sprays for various surfaces, providing a protective barrier against microbial contamination.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be utilized in septic tank treatments to control the growth of bacteria in the tank and prevent odor issues.

In the transportation of fluids through pipelines, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to prevent microbial fouling and degradation of the pipeline.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in waterborne coatings for wood, metal, and other substrates to inhibit the growth of mold, mildew, and other microorganisms.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be included in air fresheners and deodorizers to provide antimicrobial benefits, particularly in formulations designed to eliminate odors caused by microbial activity.

Sodium Omadine 40% is employed in humidifier treatments to prevent microbial growth in the water reservoir of humidification systems.
In aquaculture settings, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to control microbial contamination in water systems and protect aquatic organisms.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be applied to construction materials, such as wood and metal, to prevent microbial decay and degradation.

Sodium Omadine 40% is used in some paints labeled as anti-mold or anti-mildew paints for interior and exterior applications.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into polyurethane foams to prevent the growth of microorganisms, making it suitable for various applications, including mattresses and cushions.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in biomedical coatings, such as those used in medical devices, to provide antimicrobial protection.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in disinfectant wipes to provide antimicrobial efficacy for surface cleaning and disinfection.
In the formulation of latex binders, Sodium Omadine 40% may be added to provide protection against microbial degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in treatments for carpets and textiles to prevent the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi.

Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in air purification systems to inhibit microbial growth on filters and surfaces within the system.
Sodium Omadine 40% is sometimes included in household cleaning products, such as multi-surface cleaners, to provide antimicrobial benefits.

Uses:
Sodium Omadine 40% is a key ingredient in many dandruff shampoos.
Sodium Omadine 40% helps control the growth of the yeast Malassezia, which is associated with dandruff.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in various personal care products such as soaps, body washes, and lotions for its antimicrobial properties.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into textiles and fabrics to impart antimicrobial properties, reducing the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in paints and coatings to prevent the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces, particularly in humid environments.
Sodium Omadine 40% is applied in wood treatments to protect against decay caused by fungi and bacteria, extending the life of wood products.

In the marine industry, Sodium Omadine 40% is used in anti-fouling coatings to prevent the attachment and growth of marine organisms on ship hulls.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in water treatment applications to control the growth of bacteria and algae in water systems.
Sodium Omadine 40% is employed in cooling tower water treatment to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, preventing biofilm formation and maintaining system efficiency.

Sodium Omadine 40% is used in the preservation of various industrial fluids, such as metalworking fluids, to prevent microbial degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial contamination, ensuring the stability of these products.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in the paper and pulp industry to control microbial growth during various stages of production.

In certain plastic and polymer products, Sodium Omadine 40% is used to provide antimicrobial properties, particularly in applications where microbial growth is a concern.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be added to concrete formulations or coatings to prevent microbial deterioration of concrete surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in the oil and gas industry, particularly in drilling fluids and completion fluids, to control microbial growth.

Sodium Omadine 40% is used in some household cleaning products, contributing to their antimicrobial efficacy.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in cosmetic formulations for its antimicrobial benefits, especially in products designed for sensitive skin.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be applied to footwear to inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be included in air fresheners and deodorizers to provide antimicrobial benefits.
In veterinary applications, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in certain formulations such as shampoos for pets to address skin conditions.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in treatments for humidifiers to prevent microbial growth in the water reservoir.

Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in air purification systems to inhibit microbial growth on filters and surfaces within the system.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in treatments for carpets and textiles to prevent the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi.
In aquaculture settings, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to control microbial contamination in water systems and protect aquatic organisms.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be applied to construction materials, such as wood and metal, to prevent microbial decay and degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% is used in some paints labeled as anti-mold or anti-mildew paints for interior and exterior applications.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be incorporated into polyurethane foams to prevent the growth of microorganisms, making it suitable for various applications, including mattresses and cushions.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in biomedical coatings, such as those used in medical devices, to provide antimicrobial protection.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in disinfectant wipes to provide antimicrobial efficacy for surface cleaning and disinfection.
In the formulation of latex binders, Sodium Omadine 40% may be added to provide protection against microbial degradation.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be incorporated into car wash products to prevent microbial growth and maintain the cleanliness of vehicle surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in coolant systems for engines and industrial machinery to prevent microbial contamination and maintain system efficiency.
In the transportation of fluids through pipelines, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to prevent microbial fouling and degradation of the pipeline.

Sodium Omadine 40% can be included in household disinfectants to enhance their antimicrobial properties for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces.
Sodium Omadine 40% may find applications in agriculture as an ingredient in certain sprays or formulations designed to control microbial growth in crop protection.
In the production of molded plastics, Sodium Omadine 40% may be used to provide antimicrobial protection to the final products.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in dehumidifiers to inhibit microbial growth in water reservoirs and prevent the release of airborne contaminants.
Sodium Omadine 40% can be used in metal surface treatments to protect against microbial corrosion and degradation.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be considered as an additive in fuels to inhibit microbial growth and prevent fuel system issues.

Sodium Omadine 40% may be used in coatings for fiber optic cables to prevent microbial degradation and ensure the reliability of communication systems.
Sodium Omadine 40% may be included in various hygiene products, such as hand sanitizers and wipes, for its antimicrobial benefits.

Safety profile:
Sodium Omadine 40% can cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Prolonged or repeated contact with the skin may lead to dermatitis or other skin conditions.
In case of contact with the eyes, it can cause irritation and redness.
Ingesting Sodium Omadine 40% can be harmful.

Sodium Omadine 40% is not meant to be ingested, and accidental ingestion may lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and other gastrointestinal issues.
Inhalation of Sodium Omadine 40% dust or vapors may irritate the respiratory system.
Sodium Omadine 40% is important to handle the substance in well-ventilated areas and to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as respiratory protection, if necessary.

Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Sodium Omadine 40%.
Allergic reactions can manifest as skin irritation, redness, itching, or other symptoms.
Individuals with known sensitivities should take precautions and seek medical advice if needed.

Perboric acid, sodium salt, tetrahydrate; Metaborate; Sodium peroxyborate; Tetrahidrato de Percarbonato Sódico (Spanish); Tetrahydrate de perborate de soude (French); sodium peroxoborate CAS NO:7632-04-4 (Anhydrous); 11138-47-9 (Hydrate); 10332-33-9 (Monohydrate); 10486-00-7 (Tetrahydrate)

Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate; Carbonic acid disodium salt, compound with hydrogen peroxide(2:3); PCS; Sodium Carbonate Peroxide; sodium carbonate sesquiperhydrate; PCS; SPC; solid hydrogen peroxide; Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide CAS NO:15630-89-4

Sulfonic acids petroleum sodium Salt; Petroleum sulfonic Acid; Mineral oil Sulfonic Acd soidum salts CAS:68608-26-4

paraben / PAO / parahydroxybenzoate, Inci : sodium propylparaben,Cas : 35285-69-9, EC : 252-488-1

Sodium pyrophosphate; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate; TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7722-88-5 - Pyrophosphate de sodium. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-767-1, Additif alimentaire : E450. Ses fonctions (INCI): Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure. Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection); Noms français : ANHYDROUS SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; ANHYDROUS TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE; DIPHOSPHATE TETRASODIQUE; DIPHOSPHORIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT; DIPHOSPHORIC ACID, TETRASODIUM SALT; PYROPHOSPHATE DE SODIUM; PYROPHOSPHATE DE SODIUM ANHYDRE; PYROPHOSPHATE DE TETRASODIUM; PYROPHOSPHATE DE TETRASODIUM ANHYDRE; Pyrophosphate de tétrasodium; PYROPHOSPHATE TETRASODIQUE ; PYROPHOSPHORIC ACID, TETRASODIUM SALT; Sodium pyrophosphate; TETRASODIUM DIPHOSPHATE; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate; TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS ; Noms anglais : Sodium pyrophosphate; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate. Utilisation et sources d'émission : Agent dispersant, agent d'adoucissement; Anhydrous tetrasodium pyrophosphate ; Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:4); Diphosphoric acid, tetrasodium salt; tetrasodyum pirofosfat; Natrium pyrophosphat; Phosphotex; Pyrophosphoric acid tetrasodium salt; Sodium diphosphate (Na4P2O7); Sodium diphosphate, anhydrous; Sodium phosphate (Na4P2O7); Sodium pyrophosphate; Sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7); Sodium pyrophosphate, tetrabasic; Tetranatriumpyrophosphat; Tetrasodium diphosphate; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate; Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydrous; TSPP. IUPAC names Sodium diphosphate tetrabasic, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, TSPP, tetra-Sodium diphosphate ; tetrasodium (phosphonatooxy)phosphonate; tetrasodium (phosphonooxy)phosphonate; tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate; tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP); Tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate; tetrasodium;phosphonato phosphate. Trade names : pirofosforan czterosodowy ; Prayphos TSPP TG; PURON; Tetranatriumdiphosphat; TETRON; TNPP

sodium saccharine; saccharin sodium; sodium saccharin; saccharin; sodium CAS NO : 128-44-9

2-Hydroxy Benzoic acid, monosodium salt; Diuratin; o-hydroxybenzoic acid, sodium salt; Salicylic acid, sodium salt; cas no: 54-21-7

natriumselenit;SODIUM SELENITE;SODIUM SELENIATE;Disodium selenite;Sodiumselenite,99%;SODIUMSELENIUMOXIDE;SODIUMSELENITE,POWDER;sodium selenite .5H2O;SodiumSelenitanhydrous;disodiumseleniumtrioxide CAS NO:10102-18-8

Sodium Silicate; Water glass; Soluble glass; Silicate of soda; Silicic Acid Sodium Salt; Sodium silicate glass; Sodium Silicate Solution; Kieselsäure, Natriumsalz; ácido silícico, sal de sodio; Acide silicique, sel de sodium cas no: 1344-09-8

sodium octadecanoate; Sodium stearate is the sodium salt of stearic acid. This white solid is the most common soap. It is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks. It is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings. Characteristic of soaps, sodium stearate has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, the carboxylate and the long hydrocarbon chain, respectively. These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds. The tail part dissolves the grease (or) dirt and forms the micelle. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams. Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats. The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent. The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) follows: (C18H35O2)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3 C18H35O2Na Purified sodium stearate can be made by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide. octadécanoate de sodium, stéarate de soude,sodium octadecanoate, No CAS: 822-16-2, Le stéarate de sodium ou octadécanoate de sodium est le sel de sodium de l'acide stéarique. Il est obtenu par hydrolyse en milieu basique ou saponification de la stéarine. À température ambiante, c'est une poudre blanche qui est un des composés des savons durs. C'est une substance utilisée pour ses propriétés tensioactives. Outre les savons, elle est présente dans des préparations à destination de l'industrie chimique, pharmaceutique ou agroalimentaire. On la trouve dans de nombreux produits finis comme des bâtons de colle, sticks déodorants, crèmes à raser, préparations pour gâteaux ou crèmes glacées. SODIUM STEARATE 822-16-2 Sodium octadecanoate Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt Stearates Prodhygine Flexichem B Stearic acid, sodium salt Bonderlube 235 Stearic acid sodium salt UNII-QU7E2XA9TG Sodium stearate, pure HSDB 5759 Sodium stearate [NF] EINECS 212-490-5 MFCD00036404 QU7E2XA9TG Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1) AI3-19808 Sodium stearate (NF) Sodium stearate (a mixture of stearate and palmitate) odium stearate PubChem12866 ACMC-209pno Rashayan Sodium Stearate SCHEMBL5773 C18H35NaO2 Octadecanoic acid sodium salt

SynonymsEinecs 246-929-7;Sodiumsteryllactate;sodium2-stearoyllactate;SODIUM STEAROYL LACTATE;Natrium-2-stearoyllactat;SODIUM STEAROYL LACTYLATE;Sodium stearyl 2-lactylate;Sodium 2-O-stearoyllactate;SODIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE;SODIUMSTEAROYLLACTYLATE,FCC CAS No.25383-99-7

Disodium monosulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Disodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Salt cake; Bisodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate (2:1); Thenardite; Natriumsulfat; Trona; Dibasic sodium sulfate CAS NO:7757-82-6

Sodium Sulfite; Sodium sulfite anhydrous; disodium sulfite; Natrii Sulphis; Natrium Sulfurosum; Natriumsulfit; sulfurous acid, disodium salt; exsiccated sodium sulfite; Sodium sulfite (2:1); Sulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:2); cas no: 7757-83-7

Sodium Sulfonate; carbazochrome sodium sulfonate; 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt; 3,4-Dihydro-3,4-dioxo-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt, Folin’s reagent, Sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate

Disodium monosulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Disodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Salt cake; Bisodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate (2:1); Thenardite; Natriumsulfat; Trona; Dibasic sodium sulfate CAS NO:7757-82-6 (Anhydrous); 7727-73-3 (Decahydrate)

cas no:7757-82-6 Disodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Salt cake; Bisodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate (2:1); Thenardite; Natriumsulfat; Trona; Dibasic sodium sulfate;

Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate; ethenesulfonic acid; unsaturated sulfonic acid; Ethylenesulfonic acid sodium salt; Sodium vinylsulfonate solution; Vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt cas no: 3039-83-6

sodium xylene sulfonate; Xylenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium m-xylenesulfonate; Dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium Dimethylbenzenesulfonate; cas no: 1300-72-7

sodium element cas no:7440-23-5

SYNONYMS Benzoate of soda; Sodium salt of benzoic acid;Benzoan sodny; Benzoate de sodium; Benzoate sodium; Benzoesaeure (German); NA-SALZ (German); Sobenate; Sodium Benzoic Acid; Ucephan; Benzoan Sodny (Czech); CAS NO:532-32-1

SYNONYMS baking soda; Sodium acid carbonate;Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate; Carbonic acid monosodium salt; carbonic acid sodium salt (1:1); monosodium hydrogen carbonate; monosodium carbonate; meylon; Bicarbonate of soda; CAS NO:144-55-8

SYNONYMS D-Gluconic acid monosodium salt;D-Gluconic acid, monosodium salt;D-Gluconic acid, sodium salt (1:1);D-Glulonic acid, monosodium salt;Disparlight DV;Glonsen;Gluconate de sodium;GLUCONATE SODIUM CAS NO:527-07-1

sodium iodide; sodium monoiodide; anayodin; sodium monoiodide; sodium;iodide; sodiumiodide cas no:7681-82-5

Sodium propionate ;Sodyum propanoat ;Sodyum propionat; Napropion; E281 cas no: 137-40-6

Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt; Stearic acid, sodium salt; Natriumstearat (German); Estearato de sodio (Spanish); Stéarate de sodium (French) cas no: 822-16-2

Sodium Starch Glycolate ;sodium carboxymethyl starch; starch, carboxymethyl ether, sodium salt; sodium carboxymethoxystarch; sodium starch glycolate; carboxymethyl starch sodium cas no:9063-38-1

Modified polyacrylic acid, sodium salt cas no:7732-18-5

onion flavor; onion flavor natural spice ; french onion flavor; onion vegetable powder

Allium Cepa Bulb Extract; extract of the bulbs of the onion, allium cepa l., liliaceae; onion extract cas no:8054-39-5

Modified polyacrylic acid, sodium salt cas no:7732-18-5

Maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer cas no:7732-18-5

Modified polyacrylic acid; 2-propenoic acid homopolymer cas no :9003-01-4

Modified polyacrylic acid cas no:37199-81-8

Modified polyacrylic acid cas no:37199-81-8

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt cas no:68479-09-4, 7732-18-5

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt cas no:68479-09-4, 7732-18-5

Polycarboxylate, modified, sodium salt cas no:37199-81-8

Polycarboxylate, modified, sodium salt cas no:37199-81-8

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt

Maleic acid-olefin copolymer, sodium salt cas no:52255-49-9

Maleic acid-olefin copolymer, sodium salt cas no:52255-49-9

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

SOLUBLE COLLAGEN Nom INCI : SOLUBLE COLLAGEN Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

SOLKETAL Solketal is a protected form of glycerol with an isopropylidene acetal group joining two neighboring hydroxyl groups. Solketal contains a chiral center on the center carbon of the glycerol backbone, and so can be purchased as either the racemate or as one of the two enantiomers. Solketal has been used extensively in the synthesis of mono-, di- and triglycerides by ester bond formation. The free hydroxyl groups of solketal can be esterified with a carboxylic acid to form the protected monoglyceride, where the isopropylene group can then be removed using an acid catalyst in aqueous or alcoholic medium. The unprotected diol can then be esterified further to form either the di- or triglyceride. Abstract Commercial solketal is known as AugeoTM SL 191 s which stands out as a slow evaporation solvent derived from glycerin which is considered a renewable source. It has low toxicity to human health and the environment. It is a good solvent for resins and polymers, replacing solvents derived from petroleum, and can be used as an additive of (bio) fuels. This work aimed to study acidy zeolites (H-BEA, H-MOR, H-MFI, and H-FER) as new heterogeneous catalysts of solketal production, through the ketalization reaction of glycerol with acetone. The catalytic activity showed H-BEA > H-MOR = H-MFI > H-FER after 180 min, in kinetics study. The major conversion was 85% for H-BEA. It was also verified that all the catalysts can be reused four times without washing or pretreatment among reactions in batch reactor. The solketal produced in this work was characterized by comparing it with its commercial standard, obtaining very similar characteristics transformation of glycerol into solketal (isopropylidene glycerol or 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl methanol) (green solvent) through the ketalization reaction of glycerol with acetone. The reaction for solketal production is facilitated by major homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts (Figure 3). The ketalization of glycerol with ketones generates branched oxygenates, solketal (2,2-dimethyl-[1,3] dioxan-4-yl methanol), and 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3] dioxane-5-ol; however, when the reaction is carried out with acetone, the selectivity is higher for the solketal molecule, which has a five-membered ring [5]. Solketal is an excellent component for the formulation of gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel. it occurs that the output of the remaining acetone and water between 70 and 120°C plus a fraction containing solketal is distilled. Glycerol is only removed when the system reaches 200°C. The yield of the distillation was 60% by mass of solketal over the initial blend (solketal-water-glycerol-traces of acetone). The solketal fraction is colorless but with a lower viscosity than glycerol. Figure 12 shows the appearance of the solketal GreenTec fraction after distillation of the initial blend. FTIR analysis was used to confirm the presence of solketal in the distilled product and to compare it with its Sigma-Aldrich standard. The FTIR spectrum of the solketal GreenTec and solketal Sigma-Aldrich samples is shown in Figure 13. When analyzing Table 4, it is observed that both solketal Sigma-Aldrich and solketal GreenTec present very close densities and viscosities. Table 5 shows that only in the analysis of humidity a significant difference between the solketal samples was noticed. Solketal GreenTec presents 56.41% more humidity than solketal Sigma-Aldrich. To remove this moisture, anhydrous sodium sulfate may be added among other drying agents, and/or the solketal GreenTec fraction is withdrawn from 75°C. Glycerol to solketal transformation is possible to carry out using zeolite acidic catalysts, such as H-BEA, H-MOR, H-MFI, and H-FER, showing a very good activity (conversion 85%) and selectivity (98%). H-BEA presented a larger area, major SAR, and a bigger ratio of the strong:weak sites than the other zeolites. This characteristic contributes to a higher catalytic activity for H-BEA catalyst. All the catalysts can be reused for four times without washing or pretreatment among reactions in batch reactor, but the best catalyst is still the H-BEA zeolite for being more active and showing constant solketal selectivity. The solketal produced in this work was characterized by comparing it with its commercial standard, obtaining very similar characteristics. Solketal: Green and catalytic synthesis and its classification as a solvent - 2,2-dimethyl-4-hidroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, an interesting green solvent produced through heterogeneous catalysis Most solvents have been labelled as toxic or hazardous substances, but the use of glycerol derivatives could help solve these and other problems. An alternative, green synthesis of 2,2dimethyl-4-hidroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (solketal), using solid acid catalysts, has been developed. It is shown that using auxiliary solvents is not essential to get good results, and that the solid catalyst can be recovered and reused, improving the productivity. Moreover solketal has been characterized by determining its polarity and hydrophobicity parameters, which allow identifying possible solvent substitution applications more easily. Abstract Solvent-free reactions are the systems of choice in green chemistry. In addition to contributing to lowering the environmental impact of chemical processes, solvent-free systems can reduce production costs, reaction times, and the dimensions of reactors, thereby decreasing investment costs. An improved procedure to prepare 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (solketal) fatty esters from soybean seeds has been developed. Yields higher than 90% were achieved by combining 15 h of hydrolysis with 6 h of esterification with a stepwise addition of solketal. The synthesis was performed in a solvent-free medium, and the final extraction was accomplished using supercritical CO2 . Hence, we have successfully prepared these esters from soybean beans without using organic solvents. In addition, given the non-toxicity of Rhizopus oryzae and the composition of the remaining solid, it might be used as a raw material for feedstock production. Applications Solketal is useful for synthesis of mono-, di- and triglycerides. It is used as the starting reagent for synthesis of tulipaline derivatives. It acts as a fuel additive in gasoline. It is an inhibitor of Methyl ethyl ketone . Notes Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Incompatible materials are acids, Strong oxidizing agents. Ketalization of glycerol with acetone to synthesize solketal-a potential fuel additive is one of the most promising routes for valorization of glycerol. In this article, state-of-the-art of glycerol ketalization is reviewed, focusing on innovative and potential technologies towards sustainable production of solketal. The glycerol ketalization processes developed in both batch and continuous reactors and performance of some typical catalysts are compared. The mechanisms for the acid-catalyzed conversion of glycerol into solketal are presented. The main operation issues related to catalytic conversion of crude glycerol in a continuous-flow process and the direct use of crude glycerol are discussed. Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts Abstract: Biodiesel has been successfully commercialized in numerous countries. Glycerol, as a byproduct in biodiesel production plant, has been explored recently for fuel additive production. One of the most prospective fuel additives is solketal, which is produced from glycerol and acetone via an acetalization reaction. This manuscript reviewed recent progress on heterogeneous catalysts used in the exploratory stage of glycerol conversion to solketal. The effects of acidity strength, hydrophobicity, confinement effect, and others are discussed to find the most critical parameters to design better catalysts for solketal production. Among the heterogeneous catalysts, resins, hierarchical zeolites, mesoporous silica materials, and clays have been explored as effective catalysts for acetalization of glycerol. Challenges with each popular catalytic material are elaborated. Future works on glycerol to solketal will be improved by considering the stability of the catalysts in the presence of water as a byproduct. The presence of water and salt in the feed is certainly destructive to the activity and the stability of the catalysts. Keywords: fuel additives; biodiesel; glycerol; solketal; solid acid catalysts. This mini review paper aims to emphasize the potential exploration of catalytic materials for the conversion of glycerol to solketal by analyzing recent papers, especially open literature from after 2010. Rahmat et al. (2010) [15] wrote an overview of glycerol conversion to fuel additives, with an emphasis on reaction parameters (catalyst, reactant, temperature, and reaction time). In the range of 2009 to 2018, Cornejo et al. [16] wrote a review in 2017 on glycerol valorization to fuel additives over different co-reactants. These included second feeds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butanal, and acetone, and many others. Nanda et al. [17] published a review on solketal as a fuel additive, with an emphasis on the historical and future context. This paper also summarized the effect of acidity, reactor models, kinetics and reactor kinetics, and the daily procedure to use glycerol to solketal. Many scenarios were conducted for the conversion of glycerol to different value-added chemicals, such as propane-acrolein, 1, 3-diol, propane-1,2-diol, acetal or ketal, polyols and polyurethane foams, glycerol carbonate, etc. [10,11,18]. Table 1 shows that among these glycerol conversions, the conversion of glycerol to solketal by acetalization is an interesting route. Solketal is one of the glycerol acetalization products together with glycerol acetal and glycerol formal (GlyF). Similar to other acetalization products, solketal can be used directly as a fuel additive for the reduction of soot and gum formation [19]. Solketal addition to a gasoline blend showed better fuel properties with a higher octane number [19]. Other applications of solketal are in solvents, inks, pharmaceuticals, and paints [20]. Table 1. Different conversion routes from glycerol to value-added products. As shown in Table 2 and Figure 1, different types of catalyst materials were reported for the solketal production consisting of zeolites, clays, resins, heteropolyacids, and others. Each catalyst has both advantages and drawbacks. A homogeneous catalyst, such as H2SO4, offers high activity, however, these homogenous catalysts are corrosive, not recyclable, difficult to separate, and considerably more expensive. Similarly, chloride, such as tin chloride (SnCl2), is also unwanted due to its corrosion tendency [30]. Reusability is also an important part of studies. Reusability is a factor which is studied as a typical sustainable principle. The basic mechanism of the metal salt catalysis is a nucleophilic attack by the hydroxyl group of glycerol to the carbocation obtained from the protonation step, resulting in the formation of the intermediate, followed by a water elimination step. The carbocation is produced from the Lewis or Brønsted acid sites, which activates the ketone carbonyl group through a protonation step (i.e., Brønsted acids) or polarization. Energies 12 02872 g001 550Figure 1. Popularity of different types of catalytic materials for solketal production from 2014 to 2018. (Source: Web of Knowledge, https://www.webofknowledge.com, November 2018). Table 2. Classification of heterogeneous catalysts for solketal production. However, homogeneous catalysts are not considered as environmental-friendly for the reaction system. Another challenge in the utilization of heterogeneous catalysts in solketal production is the byproduct (water) formed during the reaction, which induces a reversible reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts are regenerated easily and are more easily handled. Many resin catalysts exhibited excellent conversion of glycerol to solketal and selectivity, where the best catalytic performance was obtained by amberlyst. However, it is not feasible for a higher scale of production due to the limitation of thermal stability, so it is not easy to regenerate. The higher thermal stability can be found in hierarchical zeolite. The highest conversion of glycerol to solketal of 72% and the selectivity of 72% are reached by using H-Beta (BEA framework) under the condition of 60 °C, stirring at 700 rpm, 5% of catalyst, and molar ratio of glycerol:acetone of 1:4 for H-BEA. Within the zeolite materials, MFI zeolite showed 80%, which is a lower catalytic activity in comparison with amberlyst, but with almost 100% selectivity. The lower conversion is due to the relatively narrow channel size that affects the transport of the reactant carried out and the shape selectivity. 2. Glycerol-to-Solketal Over Resin Catalysts Overall, the most important properties of solid acid catalysts for the conversion glycerol to solketal production was the Brønsted acidity of solid acids [31]. The conversion of glycerol to solketal with resin catalysts has been carried out [32,33,34,35,36]. Table 3 summarizes the conversion of glycerol to solketal over resin catalysts. A typical resin catalyst (i.e., amberlyst) catalyzed the reaction of glycerol with acetone to produce above 80% of the glycerol conversion. Guidi et al. [36] reported that a resin, amberlyst-36, which was applied at different reaction temperatures from 25 to 70 °C, was an excellent catalyst to convert glycerol with a conversion of 85% to 97% to solketal with a selectivity of 99%. The catalyst is also active at lower pressures with similar reaction parameters either in pure glycerol or in an equimolar reactant. According to some references, the high conversion was influenced not only by the surface acidity but also by the resin structure. Moreover, the surface acidity was an important parameter that played a crucial role in improving the selectivity and the conversion in the production of solketal. Although amberlyst-46 and amberlyst-36 is a similar material, both types of resins have a different acid capacity and structure morphology. Furthermore, all resins showed good selectivity to solketal (>80%), and the important catalytic parameter of the resin to conversion glycerol is the acid capacity (oversulfonated resin). With the highest acid capacity (sulfonic acid), these catalyst materials can improve not only the selectivity to solketal production but also the conversion of raw glycerol to above 90%. Another important thing to be highlighted as a limitation of the catalyst activity is the presence of NaCl as a poison for the surface acidity, which is possibly due to the impurities in glycerol. Table 3. Glycerol-to-solketal over resin catalysts. Table 3. Glycerol-to-Solketal over Mesoporous Silica Koranyi et al. [37] reported the superiority of hafnium and zirconium modified TUD-1 as superior catalysts for the conversion of glycerol to solketal. These two catalysts (Hf-TUD-1 and Zr-TUD-1) were more active than Sn-MCM-41 and Al-TUD-1. The Zr and Hf-TUD-1 are examples of active metal-modified mesoporous silica in which Hf and Zr are in the framework. Their activity was higher than FAU(USY) and Al(TUD-1). The highest conversion of glycerol to solketal was more than 50%. The catalytic activity was a function of (i) the number of acid sites, (ii) the presence of mesopores, (iii) the existence of a large surface area, and (iv) the hydrophobicity of the catalyst [38]. The later, the hydrophobicity of the catalyst, was crucial to prevent the hydrolysis of solketal [37,38,39,40,41]. According to Table 4, Cs 2.5/KIT-6 catalyst was one of the best catalysts for the conversion of glycero-to-solketal [42]. KIT-6 was selected because of its large surface area (600-1000 m2/g), active sites, and accessible pores [42]. Table 4. Glycerol-to-solketal over mesoporous silica. Numerous references reported that mesoporous silica catalysts have the advantage of high stability in the conversion of glycerol to solketal, resulting in products with a relatively large percentage of conversion (95%) and selectivity to solketal (98%) [37,42,43,44,45,46]. The mesoporous structure with an activated surface by sulfonic acid might be applied efficiently for the conversion of glycerol to fuel additive [37,43,47]. A sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous polymer (MP-SO3H) contains a high acidity surface (1.88 mmol/g). The surface acidity of catalytic materials can accelerate the formation products of solketal via ketalization reactions as shown in Figure 2. Energies 12 02872 g002 550Figure 2. Scheme of mechanism for the ketalization reaction of glycerol and acetone. 4. Ketalization of Glycerol over Clay Minerals Malaya et al. [17,48] studied different clay-based catalysts with different acid strengths ranging from 0.12 to 5.7 meq/g [17]. The results show that a stronger acidity improved the conversion of glycerol up to ca. 80%. As shown in Table 5, solketal production from glycerol used two different sources, namely acetone or formaldehyde over solid acid catalysts [49,50,51,52]. Based on the conversion of glycerol and selectivity to solketal, the clay catalyst which showed the optimum results was reported by Timofeeva et al. in a batch reactor with activated catalyst by nitric acid of 0.5 M [53]. In the activated K10 montmorillonite by acid solution, this impact causes an increasing rate of reaction with the acid site of the material. It is well-known that the acid activation of natural montmorillonite with nitric acid can change the structure of montmorillonite (leaching of Al3+ cations from the octahedral to increase the surface area and microporosity of catalyst materials) [54,55,56]. The reaction of solketal production is shown in Figure 3. The use of formaldehyde as the major source of solketal production has a lower conversion value (only 83% glycerol conversion), with the K10 montmorillonite used as a catalyst. It may be due to the formation of the hemiacetal or hemicetal via two different pathways. The reaction between glycerol and acetone is preferred as it produces a more stable intermediate, hemicetal compound, with a tertiary carbenium ion [37]. While, in the reaction between glycerol with formaldehyde, the produced hemiacetal formation is not a stable carbenium ion. Thus, the conversion value for the glycerol-formaldehyde system is relatively small as compared to the reaction where acetone is used as a co-reactant [57,58,59]. Energies 12 02872 g003 550Figure 3. Synthesis scheme of glycerol to solketal. Table 5. Glycerol-to-solketal over clay minerals. Koranyi et al. (2012) [37] reported the effect of water as an impurity in the acetalization of glycerol. The presence of water reduced the activity ca. 50% lower than the one with the model compound (pure glycerol). A high number of Brønsted and Lewis sites does not correspond directly to a high activity. Dealumination FAU and Al-TUD-1 with a high Brønsted and Lewis acidity were poor in the acetalization of glycerol [37]. Hydrophobic catalysts, such as hafnium and TUD-1 zirconium on TUD-1, are very prospective for glycerol to solketal. Ammaji et al. (2017) [62] also reported a similar observation, as the Zr-SBA-15 was the most active and selective catalyst. 5. Perspective on Ketalization of Glycerol over Hierarchical Zeolites Dmitriev et al. (2016) [63] reported that zeolite beta was the most active solid acid catalyst as compared to amberlist-35 and cation-exchange resin (KU-2-8) [62]. The zeolite beta applied was a commercial one from zeolyst with SiO2/Al2O3 of 25 and a zeolite beta made by Angarsk. Kowalska et al. [64,65] studied the effect of (i) different zeolite topologies (MFI, BEA, and MOR), (ii) Si/Al ratio from 9.2 to 25.8, and (iii) mesoporosity. Two parent MFI zeolites with different Si/Al were applied (Si/Al = 12 and Si/Al = 27) [64]. The hierarchical zeolites were obtained by desilication using 0.2 M NaOH and dealumination using citric acid (0.5 M) and nitric acid (0.5 M). The diffusion limitation of the parent zeolites was considered as the highest activity of the parent MFI was significantly lower than the one from the hierarchical MFI. A high selectivity (up to 100%) to solketal was obtained with an acetone:glycerol ratio of 1. A higher acetone to glycerol ratio was obtained over a higher acetone to glycerol ratio. Both desilication and dealumination are very effective in improving the catalyst stability of zeolite based catalyst [66,67,68]. Rossa et al. [69] conducted the kinetics study of acetalization of glycerol with acetone to produce solketal with optimization of the kinetics parameters. Zeolite beta with an Si/Al of 19 was applied to find the best parameters: (i) External mass transfer (stirring rate), (ii) temperature, (iii) catalyst amount, and (iv) glycerol to acetone ratio. The targeted goals were glycerol conversion and solketal selectivity. The experimental design for beta zeolite showed that the suggested reaction parameters are: Temperature at 60 °C, stirring rate of 700 rpm, catalyst loading of 5%, and glycerol to acetone ratio of 1:3. A higher acetone content will increase the conversion of glycerol [24,70]. However, an increase of the acetone to glycerol ratio will increase the exergy destruction rate due to a reduction in the rate of formation toward the product and a higher consumption of electrical exergy to the acetalization reactor [20,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80]. Hierarchical zeolite shows excellent glycerol conversion and selectivity to solketal through acetalization reactions. The catalytic materials show a higher glycerol conversion (until more than an 80% glycerol conversion) as compared to other porous and non-porous catalysts due to a large pore size and easy molecular diffusivity. The enhancement of the catalytic activity of zeolites in glycerol acetalization, through the generation of a hierarchical porosity, has been applied by different authors as shown in Table 6. Based on the literature, the crystallite size was one of the most determining factors in the activity of hierarchical zeolite as a catalyst [64,81,82,83,84,85]. The smaller the crystal size of zeolite, the easier the diffusion of the reactant and products though the zeolite pores [73,86,87]. The pore structure of the zeolite can be changed through the dealumination and desilication processes. The process not only can change the mesopore materials but also can increase the catalytic activity (improving the accessibility and mass transfer on the surface) [88]. Hierarchical zeolites with different topologies, such as ZSM-5 (MFI) [67,89,90], beta (BEA) [81,91,92], and Y (FAU) [64], have also been used in the acetalization of glycerol, and the results show that smaller pores can produce high glycerol conversion and selectivity to selectivity (almost 100% selective for solketal formation). However, overall, all materials displayed very good catalytic performance when reacting equimolar mixtures of glycerol and acetone [37,39]. From the experiments on H-beta zeolite, it was found that dealumination resulted in a decrease of strong acid sites, thus decreasing the catalytic activity. Table 6. Glycerol-to-solketal over hierarchical zeolite catalysts. 6. Solketal Synthesis over Carbon/Activated Carbon-Based Catalyst Considering the abundant source of biomass as carbon and activated-carbon precursor, activated carbons were functionalized with acid groups for solketal synthesis [93,94]. Some papers showed the excellent performance of activated carbon for catalyzing the conversion of glycerol to solketal (Table 7) and some of these exhibited a high activity and selectivity under green conditions (solvent-free conditions at a mild temperature). The high surface area of activated carbon preserves the higher surface acid sites by some modification, including acid, metal, and composite modifications [24,95,96,97]. Therefore, they are promising candidates as heterogeneous catalysts for the acetalization of acetone with glycerol. From the utilization of acid functionalized activated carbon, the superior catalytic activity of the four acid-treated carbons was underlined as compared to the untreated activated carbon, confirming the importance of the higher number and strength of acid sites generated by the acid treatments. The catalysts were prepared by HNO3 and H2SO4 treatment to activated carbon. The catalytic activity of the catalyst showed excellent performance due to the high conversion and selectivity at room temperature. Table 7. Glycerol-to-solketal over carbon/activated carbon-based catalyst. From the acid-modified carbon catalyst, it was found that the presence of acid groups, mainly sulfonic groups, was the key factor for the improved catalytic performance. A similar pattern also appeared from the Ni-Zr support on the activated carbon [100], in which the active metal contributes by enhancing the catalyst acidity. Another factor affecting the catalytic activity was the higher total acid density, the large mesopore of the carbon structure, and the activity of the metals. 7. Perspective and Conclusions This mini review highlighted the recent development on solid catalysts for the conversion of glycerol-to-solketal. The product is an additive for fuels, which are very useful to reduce GHGs and to improve the economic viability of biodiesel business [6,8,16,20,34,101,102,103,104,105]. Tailor-made heterogeneous catalyst for an optimal conversion of glycerol is developed and required. Five major heterogeneous catalysts were emphasized in this study: Resins, mesoporous silica, zeolites, clays, and activated carbons. The stability of catalysts is one of the main hurdles for the commercialization of glycerol to solketal. Even though the reaction temperature was considered as mild, the stability of most of the solid catalysts decayed in the presence of water as a byproduct and other impurities (NaCl, methanol) from the glycerol source. The deactivation rate is even higher when the raw glycerol (contaminated with water) was fed to the reactor [106,107,108,109]. Therefore, the viability of the commercial plant depends on (i) the source of feeds [110], (ii) availability of glycerol and other feeds, and (iii) cost of glycerol as the feed. Acidity is agreed as an important properties of zeolite catalysts for glycerol to solketal. Strong acidity and medium hydrophobicity were expected in the design of the reactor. Based on some limitations of the catalyst performance, the utilization of raw glycerol directly will reduce the stability of the catalyst. This review described how a better material should be designed for the optimum conversion of glycerol (and generally polyol) to solketal. Hydrophobic catalysts, such as hafnium/TUD-1 and zirconium/TUD-1, are very prospective for glycerol to solketal. Extended works on low aluminum mesoporous silica materials are expected in the coming years. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Solketal is a protected form of glycerol with an isopropylidene acetal group joining two neighboring hydroxyl groups. Solketal contains a chiral center on the center carbon of the glycerol backbone, and so can be purchased as either the racemate or as one of the two enantiomers. Solketal has been used extensively in the synthesis of mono-, di- and triglycerides by ester bond formation. The free hydroxyl groups of solketal can be esterified with a carboxylic acid to form the protected monoglyceride, where the isopropylene group can then be removed using an acid catalyst in aqueous or alcoholic medium. The unprotected diol can then be esterified further to form either the di- or triglyceride. Due to the high growth of biodiesel production, glycerol, a major by-product from transesterification, is also produced at the same growing rate, resulting in its oversupply. This situation brings the price of glycerol to drop dramatically. Solketal, a derivative from glycerol, can be utilized by blending with gasoline or biodiesel as an additive. This work studies the synthesis of solketal from glycerol and acetone using homogeneous acid catalyst. The reaction progresses successfully when using the acetone in excess. Subsequently, the prepared solketal is used for synthesizing benzyl solketal ether by performing reaction with benzyl alcohol. However, several other products such as benzyl glycerol ether, dibenzyl ether and glycerol are formed. It was found that the high ratio of solketal to benzyl alcohol is required to increase selectivity toward benzyl solketal ether. In the first generation biodiesel production, triglyceride from vegetable oil and methanol are reacted by transesterification reaction to produce fatty acid methyl ester or biodiesel and also obtain glycerol as an unavoidable by-product. Since the production of biodiesel has been increasing rapidly, this causes the glycerol obtained as a by-product to be oversupplied, leading to the price drop of glycerol. Therefore, finding the way to utilize glycerol is suggested to help the overall economic of biodiesel production. Solketal is a derivative which the two adjacent hydroxyl groups of glycerol are reacted via condensation acetone [1]. Solketal can be blended for fuel additives in gasoline [2] or biodiesel [3]. Nowadays solketal can be produced by condensation reaction of glycerol and acetone with acid catalyst [2]. The interesting derivative from solketal is benzyl solketal ether. Benzyl solketal ether is the oxygenated compound and also can be use for fuel additives. Currently, benzyl solketal ether was produced by organic synthesis. In this organic synthesis, solketal is reacted with benzyl chloride with solvents [4]. The problem is using a lot of solvents in the synthesis of benzyl solketal ether. The purpose of this work is divided into two parts. First is the solketal production from glycerol and acetone. Subsequently, the synthesis of benzyl solketal ether from solketal and benzyl alcohol is investigated in the system without solvent. The effect of molar ratio is studied in this part and the optimum condition to produce benzyl solketal ether is investigated. Glycerol and acetone are the raw materials used for producing solketal by condensation reaction. Solketal or isopropylidene glycerol contains the center of glycerol backbone which an isopropylidene group bound to two neighboring hydroxyl group as shown in Fig. 1. Benzyl solketal ether is derived from etherification between solketal and benzyl alcohol (Fig. 3). Benzyl solketal ether can be used as fuel additive. Moreover benzyl solketal ether can be deprotected to obtained benzyl glycerol ether with the ether group at D position of glycerol. In general, benzyl solketal ether is synthesized by reacting benzyl chrolide or benzyl bromide and solketal with solvent [5]. But there are many disadvantages from this organics synthesis for example: a lot of waste from used solvent. In this work, the etherification reaction between solketal and benzyl alcohol without solvent is investigated. However, there were several by-products, which are glycerol, acetone, benzyl solketal ether, benzyl glycerol ether and dibenzyl ether. Fig. 3 is shown the possible reactions and products from reaction of solketal and benzyl alcohol. The main reaction is the reaction between solketal and benzyl alcohol to produce benzyl solketal ether and water (Fig. 3 (1)). From the acid catalyst, solketal could be able to be decomposed to produce acetone and glycerol (Fig. 3 (2)). Benzyl alcohol is also reacted with each other to produce dibenzyl ether and water (Fig. 3 (3)). Glycerol from the deprotection is able to react with benzyl alcohol to produce benzyl glycerol ether (Fig. 3 (4)). Fortunately, the di- and tri- benzyl glycerol ether are not observed from the GC×GC time of flight mass spectroscopy. In this case, glycerol reacted with acetone back to produce solketal to protected glycerol before reacted with other benzyl alcohol. The last suggested reaction is benzyl solketal ether is depotected by the water in the system to produce benzyl glycerol ether (Fig. 3 (5)). The solketal to benzyl alcohol molar ratio is first set at 1:1 solketal to benzyl alcohol molar ratio. Fig. 4 shows the relationships between benzyl alcohol conversion, selectivity and time. As observed, after 2 hours, the benzyl alcohol quickly converts to 57.5% conversion and then continuously converts to 92.9% after 12 hours. The selectivity of dibenzyl ether is very high at 2 hour (59.

DESCRIPTION:

Soprophor CY8 is a non-ionic surface active agent used as a dispersing and wetting agent in the paint and varnish industry.
Soprophor CY8 has the form of a 90% clear aqueous solution, colourless to lightly yellow.
The primary application of Soprophor CY8 is industrial manufacturing of water-dilutable pigment concentrates.



CAS NUMBER: 99734 09 5

MOLECULAR FORMULA: 502.72

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: C28H54O7



DESCRIPTION:

Due to the presence of so called anchoring groups, Soprophor CY8 shows a strong affinity to organic pigments and carbon black, making it especially recommendable for the manufacturing of products based on such pigments.
Soprophor CY8 is a nonionic surfactant providing mechanical and freeze-thaw stability, water resistance and adhesion in emulsion polymerization systems.

Soprophor CY8 is a nonionic, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol liquid.
Soprophor CY8 is dispersible in water.
Soprophor CY8 is soluble in more polar solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Standard applications of Soprophor CY8 are for low HLB emulsifier and dispersant for EC.
Soprophor CY8 has good emulsification, decontamination and moisturizing capacity.
Soprophor CY8 is an important hydrophilic group for compound agrochemical emulsifier.



USES:

-Fatty Acid Ethoxylates is light yellow grease.
-Dispersed in water; dissolved in many solvents including hot ethanol, hot oil, benzene and xylol; widely used in water-in-oil(w/o) emulsifier.
-In textile industry, Fatty Acid Ethoxylates is a component of lubricant (oil soluble emulsifier for mineral oil, fatty oil and solvents.).
-It has good compatibility and can be used as anti-static agent in textile processing and synthesized fabric production.
-In leather industry, Soprophor CY8’s used as softener and lubricant in leather making.
-In ink-making industry, Fatty Acid Ethoxylates is used as emulsifier.
-When pigment grease is used to make ink, this product can be added to emulsify the grease rapidly so the mixture can be easily formed and thick liquid can be squeezed out.
-Soprophor CY8 can improve the radiance of the completed ink and its lubricity and fluidity.
-In metal processing industry, it’s used as emulgator for cutting oil; emulgator and disperant for metal cleaner and detergent solvent.
-In agrochemical industry, Fatty Acid Ethoxylates is used as emulgator for insecticide.



APPLICATION:

-Light yellow liquid or white cream.
-Soprophor CY8 becomes solid when the temperature is low.
-Soluble in water and many kinds of organic solvents.
-Soprophor CY8 has good emulsification, decontamination and moisturizing capacity.
-Soprophor CY8 is an important hydrophilic group for compound agrochemical emulsifier.



FUCTION:

-Emulsification
-Dispersion



APPLICATION:

-pigment concentrates,
-environmentally friendly and VOC-free paint products.



SOLUBILITY:

Soprophor CY8 is Soluble in water and most polar and aromatic solvents.



PROPERTIES:

-Density: 1.09 g/cc
-pH: 5.0 - 7.0
-Appearance: Paste
-Composition: Active
-HLB number: 13.7
-Ionic Charge: Nonionic



ADVANTAGES:

-excellent dispersing properties for organic pigments and carbon black,
-provides superior stability of water-dilutable pigment concentrates,
-prevents pigment sedimentation,
-significantly reduces pigment concentrate viscosity,
-improves concentrate tinctorial strength,
-provides excellent colour stability,
-provides very good pigment concentrate compatibility with commonly used water-dilutable paints,
-VOC-free,
-does not contain alkylphenol ethoxylates.



SYNONYM:

dispersant for paints and varnishes
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
alpha-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]- omega -hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
.alpha.-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-.omega.-hydroxy-
Ethoxylatedtristyrylphenol
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
alpha-(tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl)-omega-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
α-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-ω-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
.alpha.-[tris(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl]-.omega.-hydroxy-
α-[Tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-2, 1-ethanediyl)
tristyrylphenol
SCHEMBL41525
tristyryphanols(x mol EO)
Ethoxylated polyarylphenol
Ethoxylated polyarylphenol
Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates
Tristyryl phenol ethoxylated
Polyethylene glycol mono(tristyrylphenyl)ether
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO(TRISTYRYLPHENYL)ETHER
Polyethylene Glycol Mono(Tristyrylphenyl)Ethers
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-[tris(1-phenylethyl) phenyl]-ω-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl-.omega.-hydroxy-

IUPAC name: (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
CAS Number: 110-44-1
EC Number: 203-768-7
Chemical formula: C6H8O2
Molar mass: 112.128 g


Sorbic acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.
Sorbic acid has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H. Sorbic acid is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily.
Sorbic acid was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.

Production
The traditional route to sorbic acid involves condensation of malonic acid and trans-butenal.
Sorbic acid can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide.
The route used commercially, however, is from crotonaldehyde and ketene.
An estimated 30,000 tons are produced annually.

History
Sorbic acid was isolated in 1859 by distillation of rowanberry oil by A. W. von Hofmann.
This affords parasorbic acid, the lactone of sorbic acid, which he converted to sorbic acid by hydrolysis.
Sorbic acid's antimicrobial activities were discovered in the late 1930s and 1940s, and it became commercially available in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Beginning in the 1980s, sorbic acid and its salts were used as inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum in meat products to replace the use of nitrites, which can produce carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Properties and uses
With a pKa of 4.76, it is about as acidic as acetic acid.

Sorbic acid and its salts, such as sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, and calcium sorbate, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid.

The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is below pH 6.5. Sorbates are generally used at concentrations of 0.025% to 0.10%. Adding sorbate salts to food will, however, raise the pH of the food slightly so the pH may need to be adjusted to assure safety.
Sorbic acid is found in foods such as cheeses and breads.

The E numbers are:

E200 Sorbic acid
E201 Sodium sorbate
E202 Potassium sorbate
E203 Calcium sorbate
Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing trans-1,3-pentadiene.
The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.
Other detoxification reactions include reduction to 4-hexenol and 4-hexenoic acid.

Sorbic acid can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants.

Density: 1.204 g/cm3
Melting point: 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)
Boiling point: 228 °C (442 °F; 501 K)
Solubility in water: 1.6 g/L at 20 °C
Acidity (pKa): 4.76 at 25 °C
XLogP3: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 112.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 112.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 123
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Sorbic acid is a hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.
Sorbic acid is a hexadienoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a medium-chain fatty acid and an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
Sorbic acid is a conjugate acid of a sorbate.

Sorbic acid is a naturally occurring compound that’s become the most commonly used food preservative in the world, and it makes the global food chain possible.
Sorbic acid’s highly effective at inhibiting the growth of mold, which can spoil food and spread fatal diseases.

For example, when sorbic acid is sprayed on the exterior of a country ham, there won’t be any mold growth for 30 days.
This allows for food to be shipped and stored all over the globe.

Sorbic acid is a preferred preservative compared to nitrates, which can form carcinogenic byproducts.
Sorbic acid’s applied to food by either spraying or dipping the food with a solution of sorbic acid and water.

Sorbic acid is most commonly found in foods, animal feeds, pharmaceutical drugs, and cosmetics.

When it comes to human foods, sorbic acid is most commonly used in:
wines
cheeses
baked goods
fresh produce
refrigerated meat and shellfish

Sorbic acid is used to preserve meats because of its natural antibiotic capabilities.
In fact, its earliest use was against one of the deadliest toxins known to mankind, the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which can cause botulism. Sorbic acids use saved countless lives by preventing bacterial growth while allowing meats to be transported and stored safely.

Because of its anti-fungal properties, sorbic acid is also used in canned goods, including pickles, prunes, maraschino cherries, figs, and prepared salads.

Sorbic acid and its calcium, potassium, and sodium salts are used as preservatives in a wide range of food, including dairy, meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, bakery, emulsions, beverages, and so on.

Sorbic acid and its potassium salt are widely used antimicrobial preservatives in foods, especially for preventing mold growth on food products.
Sorbates have been infrequently implicated in adverse reactions, especially by the oral route.

Many of the studies on sorbate have the same methodologic flaws as described for tartrazine.
Among 226 patients with chronic urticaria who were challenged with 50 to 200 mg of sorbic acid, none had responses.

Sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, and calcium sorbate are novel, highly efficient, safe, and nonpoisonous food preservatives.
They are the substitute for the benzoic acid as a traditional preservative.

Sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, and calcium sorbate approved worldwide are often now successfully used as standard products in many branches of the food industry.
As they are acidic preservatives, it is better to use them at pH 5–6.

Sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, and calcium sorbate are unsaturated fatty acids and salts of unsaturated fatty acids, which participate in the normal fat metabolism in human body and are oxidized into carbon dioxide and finally water.
They do not accumulate in the human body.

Sorbic acid derives its name from Sorbus aucuparia, because it was from berries of this tree that it was first isolated.
Seventy years later its potential as an antimicrobial agent was discovered, and sorbic acid and its salts (generally called sorbate) are now used as preservatives in a variety of foods in many countries.

Sorbic acid is an unsaturated aliphatic straight-chain monocarboxylic fatty acid, 2,4-hexadienoic acid.
Salts and esters form by reaction with the carboxyl group; reactions also occur via its conjugated double bond.
The acid and its sodium, calcium and potassium salts are used in food.

The potassium salt is commonly used because it is more stable and easier to produce.
Furthermore, its greater solubility extends the use of sorbate to solutions appropriate for dipping and spraying.
Other derivatives with antimicrobial capabilities (sorboyl palmitate, sorbamide, ethyl sorbate, sorbic anhydride) have limited use because they are more insoluble, toxic and unpalatable.

Sorbate has several advantages as a preservative in food.
Initially thought to have only antimycotic activity, it is now known to also inhibit bacteria. Effective concentrations do not normally alter the taste or odour of products.

In addition it has more activity at less acidic values (> pH 6.0) than propionate or benzoate. Sorbate is also considered harmless. Following thorough toxicological testing it was generally recommended as safe (GRAS).

Metabolism of sorbate in the body is by β-oxidation (as for other fatty acids), forming CO2 and water. Sorbic acid has a yield of 28 kJ g−1 (of which 50% is biologically usable) and a half-life in the body of 40–110 min.

Sorbic acids acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 25 mg kg−1 body weight is higher than that of other preservatives.
Sorbic acid is considered less toxic than NaCl, with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 10 g kg−1, compared with 5 g kg−1 for NaCl.

Sorbic acid is the most common food preservative against molds, bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
Sorbic acid is favored for its organoleptic neutrality, safety, and efficacy in low moisture foods such as cheeses, and bakery.

Sorbic acid is a carboxylic acid that is slightly soluble in water and is available as a powder, granules, or microcapsules.
Sorbic acid can be applied to foods using various methods:

Dipping and spraying finished products with solutions.
Dusting with powdered sorbic acid
Mixing into formula dry ingredients
Treatment of packaging material

Origin
Natural sorbic acid was first isolated in 1859 from unripe berries of the rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia) in the form of the lactone parasorbic acid which was converted to sorbic acid.

In 1900, this acid was first synthesized from the condensation of crotonaldehyde and malonic acid.
Sorbic acids antimicrobial activity was recognized in the late 1930s.
Sorbic acids proven efficacy in treating meats against the bacteria Clostridium botulinum in meats encourage its large scale production in the 1950’s.

Commercial Production
Several routes are known for the commercial production mainly the reaction of crotonaldehyde and ketene.

Alternate methods include the condensation of malonic acid and trans-butenal or derivation from isomeric hexadienoic acids produced by catalytic reactions of allyl chloride, acetylene and carbon monoxide.
Powdered acid can be granulated via extrusion or pelletization to enhance its solubility.

Function
Microbial inhibition by sorbic acid is variable and depends on species, strains, composition of food, pH, aw, processing, temperature, and concentration of sorbate.
In baking, it is used in sliced and packaged bread, bagels and pita as well as in par-baked, baked goods and frozen doughs.

Optimal antimicrobial activity is at pH below 6.5 (maximum activity at pH 4.76), an advantage compared to benzoic and propionic acids which lose their activities at pH 4.5 – 5.5.

Practical considerations when using this acid in baking:

Sorbic acid has a water solubility of around 0.16g/100 ml which increases with temperature but is reduced in the presence of sugars.4
This acid inhibits yeasts strains differently, as some strains are more tolerant to its effects than others.
Sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, and potassium sorbates are more soluble in water than sorbic acid. So, they are more commonly used in foods.
However, they may raise the pH slightly, therefore some medium adjustments may be necessary.

Sorbic acid, is a reliable preservative that is highly effective and absolutely safe for the consumer.
Sorbic acid provides strong protection against numerous molds, yeast and many bacteria.
Growth of several mycotoxin-forming molds is also inhibited.
Sorbic acid is a fatty acid similar to those found naturally in foods.

Sorbic acid is only sparingly soluble in water.
Therefore, sorbic acid is mainly used in products with low water content e.g., in baked goods or in fatty media.
Upon request, Nutrinova Sorbic Acid is available in pharmaceutical grade.

Advantages at a glance:

outstanding mold and yeast protection
purity and quality exceed the highest international requirements
excellent storage stability
neutral taste and odor
easy and economical to use
fully degradable, similar to fatty acids found naturally in foods

The antimicrobial action of sorbic acid, first manufactured by Hofmann from rowan berry oil in 1859, was discovered in Germany by Muller in 1939 and inde- pendently, a few months later, by Gooding in the USA.

Sorbic acid first became available from industrial production in the mid-1950s and has since been used to a growing extent for food preservation throughout the world.
Sorbic acid is now increasingly preferred to other preservatives because of its physiological harmlessness and organoleptic neutrality.

Available Forms, Derivatives
Sorbic acid is used both as a free acid and as its potassium and calcium salts in various forms (powder, granules, solutions).
The esters of sorbic acid with low aliphatic alcohols, which likewise have a preservative action, are of no importance as food preservatives, owing to their powerful self-odor.

Properties
CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH-COOH, molar mass 112.13, white monoclinic crystals with a faint specific odor and sour taste which melt at 132 to 135°C. At room tempera- ture 0.16 g sorbic acid dissolve in 100 g water and 0.07 g in 100 g 10% sodium chloride solution.
Some 13 g sorbic acid dissolve in 100 g anhydrous ethanol or in 100 g glacial acetic acid.

Sorbic acids solubility in fatty oils is 0.5 to 1g per 100 g, depending on the type of oil in question.
Potassium sorbate, molar mass 150.22, white powder or granules.
The most readily soluble of the sorbates.
At room temperature, 138 g potassium sorbate dissolves in 100 g water.

Up to 54 g potassium sorbate dissolves in 100 g 10% sodium chlo- ride solution.
Calcium sorbate, white, odorless and tasteless powder resembling talcum.
Solubility in water 1.2 g/100 g.

In solid form, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate and especially calcium sorbate are very stable, despite the two double bonds in the molecule.
In solutions, the pre- sence of oxygen causes oxidative degradation which may result in brown dis- coloration (Thakur et al. 1994).

In commercial food preservation this is of no importance, since treated foods are generally consumed before any appreciable degradation occurs. Many other food ingredients, e. g. fat and flavorings, are in any case much more sensitive to oxidation than sorbic acid.

Analysis
Because of its volatility in steam, sorbic acid can be quantitatively isolated by acid steam distillation from the food to be investigated.
The criterion used for qualita- tive detection and quantitative determination is the red coloration that sorbic acid produces with 2-thiobarbituric acid after oxidation with potassium dichromate (Schmidt 1960).

As a polyunsaturated compound, sorbic acid displays a pronounc- ed absorption maximum at some 260 nm (depending on the pH of the solution), which can be likewise used for quantitative determination (Luckmann and Mel- nick 1955).
HPLC has emerged as the preferred method for determining sorbic acid and is sometimes used in multimethods, which can be employed for detecting benzoic acid, salicylic acid, parabens and sorbic acid simultaneously.

In most cases RP-18 phases are used as stationary phases, with UV detection at wavelengths of 230 nm.
Methods have been published both for detecting sorbic acid in foods in general (Bui and Kooper 1987, Hagenauer-Hener et al. 1990, Reifschneider et al. 1994) and for detecting sorbates and other preservatives specifically in cheese (Kuppers 1988), yogurt (Olea Serrano et al. 1991), fruit juices (Kantasubrata and Imamkhasani 1991) and wine (Flak and Schaber 1988).

Standardized methods of detecting sorbates (GC, TLC and HPLC) have been published in the revised edition of the Swiss Foodstuffs Manual (1992).
There is also a method for detecting them in liquid tabletop sweeteners in accordance with § 35 of the Federal German food law (1.57.22.99).

Rather unconventional techni- ques of detecting sorbic acid by ion chromatography or capillary isotachophore- sis (Karovicova et al. 1991) have not so far become established in routine use. X-ray structural analysis of sorbic acid has also been described (Cox 1994).

Production
Nowadays the only industrial production method used for sorbic acid is that em- ploying ketene and crotonaldehyde.
A polymeric ester forms as an intermediate (Luck 1993).
The production of sorbic acid by the oxidation of 2,4-hexadienal has ceased to be of any significance.

Sorbic acid, an unsaturated six-carbon fatty acid, is a naturally occurring preservative that is used less in food compared to its potassium salt – potassium sorbate (E202) due to the slight solubility in water.
This ingredient can be used in low water content food such as baked goods, cheese, dried fruits, meat and fatty media.

Sorbic acid is generally used to inhibit the growth of molds (also mycotoxin-forming molds), yeast and some bacteria.
The European food additive number for it is E200.

Sorbic acid is commercially synthesized from the condensation between ketene and crotonaldehyde instead of extracted from berries.
The manufacturing process is described in the first three steps of production of potassium sorbate.

The bacteriostatic or bactericidal mechanism of sorbic acid are the same as that of potassium sorbate.
When added to water, potassium sorbate dissociates into sorbic acid and potassium ions.
Sorbic acid is the sorbic acid that is active as an antimicrobial preservative.

Like benzoic acid, sorbic acid is a lipid-soluble weak acid that:

enters into the cell of microbial through the cell membrane
then accumulates and finally influences the internal PH of microbial
eventually disrupts its transport functions and metabolic activity
result in the death of the microbial

Food
Sorbic acid can prevent the spoilage of yeast, mold, and some bacteria in food and therefore prolong food shelf life.
Sorbic acid can be used to preserve foods with low water content and the following food may contain it:

cheese
dried fruit
yogurt
pet foods
dried meats
baked goods.

Solubility

In water
Slightly soluble in water (solubility 0.16 g/100 mL at 20 °C) so it is not suitable to use it in food with much water content.
Generally, it is made into salts form, potassium sorbate, which is the commonly utilized form.

In organic solvent
Soluble in ethanol, ether, propylene glycol, peanut oil, glycerin and glacial acetic acid.

Ph
The antimicrobial activity of sorbic acid generates when it is in the form of a molecule, the condition of undissociated.

The PKa of sorbic acid is 4.76.
That’s to say, its inhibitory activity rises as pH value (below 4.76) decreases as the percentage of the undissociated sorbic acid goes up, this leads to the enhanced antimicrobial activity.

The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is from 3.0 to 6.5.

What’re the Uses of Sorbic Acid?
Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate have become the primary preservatives in food application due to its good antimicrobial activity & effectiveness in the weak acid pH range and their safety over benzoic acid and sodium benzoate.

Mostly, it protects food from yeast and mold spoilage and commonly added with usage from 0.025% to 0.10%.

Sorbic acid is a short-chained unsaturated (has double bonds) fatty acid. Sorbic acids iupac name is 2,4 hexadienoic acid and its chemical formula is C6H8O2.
Sorbic acid has a carboxylic tail which has a pKa of 4.76. Sorbic acids melting and boiling points are 136 and 228 degrees Celsius, respectively.

Sorbic acid is commonly used by the food industry as a preservative because its mineral salts have antimicrobial properties in acidic solutions.
Sorbic acids undissociated form is several degrees more antimicrobial then its dissociated form and is a function of pH, yet both have antimicrobial properties.

Sorbic acid is particularly effective against fungi and has the advantage of not diminishing overtime.
Generally, a fungistatic dose in the presence of ethanol and sulfur is roughly 200 mg/L.
Sorbic acid can also be used to remove mineral deposits.
Sorbic acid by itself has subtle sensory characteristics, but a portion of the population finds it particularly offensive.

Sorbic acid (C6H8O2) is a natural preservative that comes from the rowan berries, Sorbus aucuparia (family Rosaceae). Sorbic acid is also prepared synthetically.
Sorbic acid inhibits growth of fungi, yeast, mold and some bacteria and is nearly nontoxic to humans.
Sorbic acid is safe to use in a wide range of foods, drugs, and cosmetic products.
Sorbic acid and its salts, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate are often used in food products as preservatives.

Synonyms:
110-44-1
(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
2,4-Hexadienoic acid
2E,4E-Hexadienoic acid
Panosorb
Sorbistat
Hexadienoic acid
2-Propenylacrylic acid
trans,trans-Sorbic acid
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-
Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
alpha-trans-gamma-trans-Sorbic acid
Preservastat
(E,E)-Sorbic acid
trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-
Crotylidene acetic acid
Kyselina sorbova
Acetic acid, crotylidene-
Acidum sorbicum
Acetic acid, (2-butenylidene)-
trans-trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
(E,E)-1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid
(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)
(2-Butenylidene)acetic acid
C6:2n-2,4
Sorbic acid (NF)
Sorbic acid [NF]
UNII-X045WJ989B
1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid
1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, (E,E)-
E 200Kyselina 1,3-pentadien-1-karboxylova
(2-butenylidene) acetic acid
22500-92-1
CHEBI:38358
X045WJ989B
MFCD00002703
NCGC00091737-01
DSSTox_CID_1277
5309-56-8
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-, homopolymer
DSSTox_RID_76053
DSSTox_GSID_21277
Hexadienic acid
Caswell No. 801
34344-66-6
CAS-110-44-1
Sorbic acid solution
CCRIS 5748
HSDB 590
(2E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
EINECS 203-768-7
Sorbic acid, (E,E)-
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075901
Sorbinsaeure
Sorbinsaure
sorbic-acid
NSC49103
AI3-14851
E-sorbic acid
trans,trans-SA
(E,E)-Sorbic acid; Sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid FCC
Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, (E,E)-
2,4-Hexadiensaeure
NSC 35405
NSC 49103
NSC 50268
Crotylidene-Acetic acid
EC 203-768-7
SCHEMBL1647
Sorbic acid, >=99.0%
91751-55-2
MLS002152937
(2-butenylidene)-Acetic acid
(E,E)-SA
CHEMBL250212
(e,e)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
DTXSID3021277
Sorbic acid, analytical standard
CHEBI:35962
FEMA 3921
HMS3039E13
Sorbic acid, potassium salt
HY-N0626
STR09707
ZINC1558385
Tox21_111164
Tox21_201719
Tox21_300182
2,4-SA
LMFA01030100
s4983
(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid #
2, 4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt
AKOS000119456
CCG-266056
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, >=99%, FCC
.alpha.-trans-.gamma.-trans-Sorbic acid
NCGC00091737-02
NCGC00091737-03
NCGC00091737-05
NCGC00253957-01
NCGC00259268-01
E200
P891
SMR001224532
Sorbic acid, tested according to Ph.Eur.
Sorbic acid, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%
CS-0009618
S0053
Sorbic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Sorbic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Sorbic acid, for synthesis, 99.0-101.0%
alpha-trans-Laquo gammaRaquo -trans-sorbic acid
D05892
Hexadienoic acid1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid
A829400
AN-651/40229308Q407131
J-002425
J-524281
F8886-8255

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is an organic acid that is used as a food preservative and antimicrobial agent.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is effective against yeasts and molds, which are the main causes of food spoilage.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has been shown to be non-genotoxic in biological studies, but it has been found to be genotoxic at high concentrations.

CAS: 110-44-1
MF: C6H8O2
MW: 112.13
EINECS: 203-768-7

Synonyms
(e,e)-4-hexadienoicacid;(E,E)-Sorbic acid;2,4-Hexadienoicacid,(E,E)-;2e,4e-hexadienoicacid;4-Hexadienoicacid,(E,E)-2;2-PROPENYL ACRYLIC ACID;1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid;2,4;HEXANEDIENOIC ACID;sorbic acid;110-44-1;(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid;2,4-Hexadienoic acid;2E,4E-Hexadienoic acid;Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid;Panosorb;Sorbistat;2-Propenylacrylic acid;Hexadienoic acid;trans,trans-Sorbic acid;(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-;alpha-trans-gamma-trans-Sorbic acid;Preservastat;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-;(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid;Kyselina sorbova;(E,E)-Sorbic acid;Crotylidene acetic acid;trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid;Acetic acid, crotylidene-;Caswell No. 801;22500-92-1;(E,E)-1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid;Acetic acid, (2-butenylidene)-;Hexadienoic acid, (E,E);trans-trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid;(2-Butenylidene)acetic acid;Sorbinsaeure;CCRIS 5748;HSDB 590;Acidum sorbicum;Hexadienic acid;trans,trans-SA;1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid;E 200;EINECS 203-768-7;1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, (E,E)-;Kyselina 1,3-pentadien-1-karboxylova;(2-butenylidene) acetic acid;C6:2n-2,4;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075901;Sorbic acid (NF);Sorbic acid [NF];UNII-X045WJ989B;2,4-Hexadiensaeure;C6H8O2;FEMA NO. 3921;CHEBI:38358;AI3-14851;INS-200;(E,E)-Sorbic acid; Sorbic acid;X045WJ989B;Acid, Hexadienoic;NSC-35405;NSC-49103;NSC-50268;5309-56-8;(E,E)-SA;DTXSID3021277;CHEBI:35962;EC 203-768-7;2,4-SA;MFCD00002703;NCGC00091737-01;.alpha.-trans-.gamma.-trans-Sorbic acid;SORBIC ACID (II);SORBIC ACID [II];SORBIC ACID (MART.);SORBIC ACID [MART.];SORBIC ACID (USP-RS);SORBIC ACID [USP-RS];DTXCID401277;Sorbic Acid [USAN];SORBIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH);SORBIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH];Kyselina sorbova [Czech];Acid, Sorbic;CAS-110-44-1;Acid, Propenylacrylic;Sorbic acid, (E,E)-;(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexenoic acid;Sorbinsaure;sorbic-acid;NSC49103;E-sorbic acid;Kyselina 1,3-pentadien-1-karboxylova [Czech];Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, (E,E)-;NSC 35405;NSC 49103;NSC 50268;Sorbic Acid (SA);Crotylidene-Acetic acid;starbld0040592;trans, trans-Sorbic acid;Sorbic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;SORBIC ACID [MI];SORBIC ACID [FCC];SCHEMBL1647;SORBIC ACID [HSDB];SORBIC ACID [INCI];SORBIC ACID [VANDF];Sorbic acid, >=99.0%;MLS002152937;(2-butenylidene)-Acetic acid;SORBIC ACID [WHO-DD];CHEMBL250212;(e,e)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid;Sorbic acid, analytical standard;FEMA 3921;HMS3039E13;Sorbic acid, potassium salt (van);161814-42-2;HY-N0626;STR09707;Tox21_111164;Tox21_201719;Tox21_300182;HB8334;LMFA01030100;s4983;(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid #;2, 4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt;AKOS000119456;CCG-266056;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (trans,trans)-;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, >=99%, FCC;NCGC00091737-02;NCGC00091737-03;NCGC00091737-05;NCGC00253957-01;NCGC00259268-01;91751-55-2;E200;SMR001224532;Sorbic acid, tested according to Ph.Eur.;Sorbic acid, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%;CS-0009618;NS00002145;S0053;Sorbic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;(E,E)-2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID [FHFI];EN300-17945;Sorbic acid, for synthesis, 99.0-101.0%;alpha-trans-Laquo gammaRaquo -trans-sorbic acid;D05892;E80726;EN300-332923;Hexadienoic acid1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid;A829400
;AN-651/40229308;Q407131;J-002425;J-524281;Z57127888;F8886-8255;Sorbic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard;Sorbic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;Sorbic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;InChI=1/C6H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h2-5H,1H3,(H,7,8)/b3-2+,5-4

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has also been found to have cardioprotective properties.
The optimum concentration for sorbic acid is 0.1% and it does not require refrigeration.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) can be made by reacting p-hydroxybenzoic acid with potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution.
This process can be analyzed by gas chromatography, which separates compounds based on their boiling points, or by liquid chromatography, which separates compounds based on their solubility in an organic solvent like benzyl alcohol or methanol.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2), also known as herbal tea acid, 2,4-hexadienoic acid, 2-propenyl acrylic acid, with molecular formula C6H8O2, is a food additive that has inhibitory effects on many fungi such as yeast and mold.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is also used in animal feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, packaging materials and rubber additives.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a white crystalline solid first isolated in 1859 by hydrolysis of the oil distilled from unripened mountain-ash berries.
The name is derived from the scientific term for the rowan tree, Sorbus aucuparia Linne, which is the parent plant of the mountain ash.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was first synthesized in 1900.
Interest in Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was minimal until independent researchers, E. Mueller of Germany and C.M. Gooding of the United States, discovered its antimicrobial effect in 1939 and 1940, respectively.
Early interest in manufacturing Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) centered around its use as a tung oil replacement when tung oil supplies were curtailed in the United States during World War II.
High manufacturing costs prohibited expanded use until its approval as a food preservative in 1953.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is widely used in foods having a pH of 6.5 or below, where control of bacteria, molds, and yeasts is essential for obtaining safe and economical storage life.
A Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometri isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2), or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H and the structure H3C−CH=CH−CH=CH−C(=O)OH.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was isolated in 1859 by distillation of rowanberry oil by A. W. von Hofmann.
This affords parasorbic acid, the lactone of sorbic acid, which he converted to sorbic acid by hydrolysis.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)'s antimicrobial activities were discovered in the late 1930s and 1940s, and it became commercially available in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Beginning in the 1980s, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) and its salts were used as inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum in meat products to replace the use of nitrites, which can produce carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a naturally occurring compound that’s become the most commonly used food preservative in the world, and it makes the global food chain possible.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)’s highly effective at inhibiting the growth of mold, which can spoil food and spread fatal diseases.
For example, when Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is sprayed on the exterior of a country ham, there won’t be any mold growth for 30 days.
This allows for food to be shipped and stored all over the globe.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a preferred preservative compared to nitrates, which can form carcinogenic byproducts.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)’s applied to food by either spraying or dipping the food with a solution of sorbic acid and water.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is used to preserve meats because of its natural antibiotic capabilities.
In fact, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)'s earliest use was against one of the deadliest toxins known to mankind, the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which can cause botulism.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)'s use saved countless lives by preventing bacterial growth while allowing meats to be transported and stored safely.
Because of its anti-fungal properties, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is also used in canned goods, including pickles, prunes, maraschino cherries, figs, and prepared salads.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 132-135 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 228°C
Density: 1.2 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: 1.4600 (estimate)
FEMA: 3921 | 2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, (E,E)-
Fp: 127 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: ethanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear
Form: Crystalline Powder
Pka: 4.76(at 25℃)
Color: White or cream-white
PH: 3.3 (1.6g/l, H2O, 20°C)
Odor: bland
Water Solubility: 1.6 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,8721
JECFA Number: 1176
BRN: 1741831
Stability: Material saturated with this acid may ignite spontaneously.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be light sensitive.
InChIKey: WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N
LogP: 1.32 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-44-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) (110-44-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) (110-44-1)

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has a characteristic odor.
White, crystalline solid.
Slightly soluble in water and many organic solvents.
Combustible.

Uses
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic preservative against molds and yeasts with moderate sensitizing potential in leave-on cosmetics.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is used in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.3 percent, and its activity is dependent on the formulation’s pH.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is used as a replacement for glycerin in emulsions, ointments, and various cosmetic creams.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is obtained from the berries of the tree commonly known as mountain ash and rowan, and can also be produced synthetically.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) can cause irritation.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a preservative that is effective against yeasts and molds.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is effective over a broad ph range up to ph 6.5, being ineffective above ph 7.0.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a white, free-flowing powder which is slightly soluble in water with a solubility of 0.16 g in 100 ml of water at 20°c.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)'s solubility in water increases with increasing temperatures, although it is not recommended in foods that are pasteurized because it breaks down at high temperatures.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is potas- sium, calcium, and sodium sorbate.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is used in cheese, jelly, bever- ages, syrup, and pickles.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) typical usage levels range from 0.05 to 0.10%.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is an naturally occurring organic compound first isolated from unripe berries.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has been used as a food preservative and as an inhibitor of Clostridium Botulinum bacteria in meat products in order to reduce the amount of nitrites which produce carcinogenic nitroamines.
Mold and yeast inhibitor.
Fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.
To improve the characteristics of drying oils.
In alkyd type coatings to improve gloss.
To improve milling characteristics of cold rubber.

With a pKa of 4.76, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is about as acidic as acetic acid.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) and its salts, especially potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid.
The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is below pH 6.5.
Sorbates are generally used at concentrations of 0.025% to 0.10%.
Adding sorbate salts to food will, however, raise the pH of the food slightly so the pH may need to be adjusted to assure safety.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is found in foods such as various kinds of cheese, bread, muffins, donuts, pies, cookies, protein bars, syrups, lemonades, fruit juices, dried meats, sausages, nuggets, burgers, sandwiches, tacos, pizzas, smoked fish, margarine, sauces, soups, and more.

The E numbers are:
E200 Sorbic acid
E201 Sodium sorbate
E202 Potassium sorbate
E203 Calcium sorbate
Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing trans-1,3-pentadiene.
The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.
Other detoxification reactions include reduction to 4-hexenol and 4-hexenoic acid.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants.

Reactions
The chemical reactivity of Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is determined by the conjugated double bonds and the carboxyl group.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is brominated faster than other olefinic acids.
Reaction with hydrogen chloride gives predominately 5-chloro-3-hexenoic acid.
Reactions with amines at high temperatures under pressure lead to mixtures of dehydro-2-piperidinones.
A yellow crystalline complex is formed from sorbic acid and iron tricarbonyl.
Similar coordination occurs also in the presence of other di- and trivalent metals.
Reduction of the double bonds can produce various hexenoic acid mixtures.

Production
The traditional route to sorbic acid involves condensation of malonic acid and crotonaldehyde.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide.
The route used commercially, however, is from crotonaldehyde and ketene.
An estimated 30,000 tons are produced annually.

Biotechnological Production
Today, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is produced solely by chemical synthesis.
However, fermentation and chemical synthesis might be combined to develop a new production route for sorbic acid.
In a first step, glucose would be converted to triacetic acid lactone by fermentation.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has been shown that triacetic acid lactone can be produced by genetically modified E. coli and S. cerevisiae strains.
After a separation from the fermentation broth, triacetic acid lactone would be transformed into butyl sorbate in a multistage catalyst system (catalysis-hydrogenation and solid acid catalysis). Then, butyl sorbate would be purified and hydrolyzed to sorbic acid.
Different scenarios are analyzed to evaluate the economic feasibility of such a production process.

Toxicology
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) and its salts have broad-spectrum activity against yeast and molds, but are less active against bacteria.
The antimicrobial action of Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was discovered independently in the United States and Germany in 1939, and since the mid-1950s sorbates have been increasingly used as preservatives.
Sorbates generally have been found superior to benzoate for preservation of margarine, fish, cheese, bread, and cake.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) and its potassium salts are used in low concentrations to control mold and yeast growth in cheese products, some fish and meat products, fresh fruits, vegetables, fruit beverages, baked foods, pickles, and wines.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is practically nontoxic.

Table 10.4 shows acute toxicity of sorbic acid and its potassium salt.
Animal studies have not shown obvious problems in tests performed with large doses for longer time periods.
When Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) (40 mg/kg/day) was injected directly into the stomach of male and female mice for 20 months, no differences were observed in survival rates, growth rates, or appetite between the injected mice and the control.
When the dose was increased to 80 mg/kg/day for three additional months, however, some growth inhibition was observed.
When potassium sorbate (1 and 2% in feed) was fed to dogs for three months, no pathological abnormalities were observed.
This evidence indicates that the subacute toxicity of sorbic acid is negligible.

As a relatively new food additive, sorbate has been subject to stringent toxicity-testing requirements.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) may well be the most intensively studied of all chemical food preservatives.
In 90-day feeding studies in rats and dogs and a lifetime feeding study in rats, a 5% dietary level of sorbates procured no observable adverse effects.
However, at a 10% dietary level in a 120- day feeding study, rats showed increased growth and increased liver weight.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has been attributed to the caloric value of sorbate at these high dietary levels since it can act as a substrate for normal catabolic metabolism in mammals.
Sorbates are not mutagenic or tumorigenic, and as noted previously, no reproductive toxicity has been observed.

Reactivity Profile
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) may discolor on exposure to light.
Can react with oxidizing agents.
Also incompatible with bases and reducing agents.
The dust may become explosive, particularly when mixed with free-radical initiators or oxidizing agents.

Sorbic acid, also known as 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural compound and a derivative of acrylic acid.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is commonly used as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria in various food products.
The chemical formula for Sorbic acid (food preservative) is C6H8O2.

CAS Number: 110-44-1
EC Number: 203-768-7

2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, (E,E)-Sorbic Acid, trans,trans-Sorbic Acid, E,E-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-Dienesorbic Acid, Hexa-2,4-dienoic Acid, Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-Diene-1-carboxylic Acid, E-E-Sorbic Acid, E-E-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, trans-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-Hexadienoate, 2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, trans-, Sorbic Acid (E,E), (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoate, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-Dieneoic Acid, (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic Acid, (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, E-E-2,4-Hexadienoate, (E,E)-Sorbate, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid (Salt), (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoate Ion, (E,E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoate, 2,4-Dienoic Acid, trans-2,4-Dieneoic Acid, Hexa-2,4-dienoate, (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoate, (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoate, E,E-2,4-Hexadienoate, 2,4-Hexadienoic Acid (E,E)-Isomer, 2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, trans,trans-, (E,E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoate, trans,trans-Sorbate, Hexa-2,4-dienoate, 2,4-Dienoate, Hexadienoate, Sorbate (E,E), 2,4-Dieneoate, Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-, Hexa-2,4-dienoic Acid, (2E,4E)



APPLICATIONS


Sorbic acid (food preservative) finds widespread application as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of molds, yeast, and bacteria in various food products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is commonly used in the preservation of bakery goods, including bread, cakes, and pastries.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the production of cheese to prevent the development of undesirable microorganisms.

Fruit juices and fruit-based products often contain Sorbic Acid to extend their shelf life and maintain freshness.
Salad dressings and sauces utilize Sorbic Acid as a preservative to ensure stability during storage.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to beverages, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, to prevent spoilage.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of pickles and fermented foods to enhance their microbial stability.

In the cosmetic industry, Sorbic Acid is incorporated into formulations such as creams, lotions, and shampoos as a preservative.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is found in skincare products like moisturizers and serums to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Personal care items like deodorants and makeup often contain Sorbic Acid to maintain their integrity.
Pharmaceutical products, including some medications and topical ointments, may use Sorbic Acid for preservation.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the production of certain pharmaceutical syrups to enhance their stability.
Its antimicrobial properties make Sorbic Acid a valuable ingredient in the preservation of liquid soaps and detergents.
In the dairy industry, Sorbic Acid is utilized in the preservation of yogurt and other cultured products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to fruit-based jams and jellies to prevent the growth of mold and yeast.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the production of wine to inhibit the development of spoilage microorganisms.
Some meat and poultry products may incorporate Sorbic Acid to extend their shelf life.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a common preservative in the production of canned and bottled fruits and vegetables.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of mayonnaise and other condiments to prevent microbial contamination.
In the confectionery industry, it is utilized in the preservation of candies and sweet treats.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is found in pet foods to prevent the growth of microorganisms that could lead to spoilage.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to salad mixes and pre-cut vegetables to maintain their freshness and prevent decay.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the production of gelatin-based desserts to extend their storage life.
In the brewing industry, it may be employed in certain beer formulations to prevent bacterial contamination.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a versatile preservative, playing a crucial role in maintaining the quality and safety of a wide range of consumer products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of salad greens and fresh-cut vegetables to prevent microbial spoilage.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) finds application in the preservation of concentrated fruit juices and fruit concentrates used in various beverage formulations.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to dairy-based desserts like puddings and custards to enhance their shelf life.

In the brewing industry, it is employed to maintain the microbiological stability of certain malt extracts and brewing adjuncts.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is often included in the formulation of refrigerated dough products, such as pizza dough and croissants.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of herbal teas and other botanical-infused beverages.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be found in the preservative blends used in the manufacturing of flavored syrups for beverages.
Ready-to-eat meals and convenience foods may incorporate Sorbic Acid to extend their refrigerated or frozen storage life.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of dried fruits to prevent the growth of mold during storage.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of canned and bottled seafood products.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it may be used in the preservation of liquid formulations such as oral suspensions.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to some cosmetic and personal care products, including body washes and hand sanitizers, to prevent microbial contamination.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of ethnic and specialty foods, including pickled vegetables and sauces.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be included in the formulation of marinated products to maintain their quality during refrigerated storage.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of frozen desserts such as ice cream and sorbet.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of non-alcoholic beverages, including fruit-flavored drinks and sports beverages.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may find application in the preservation of plant-based and vegan food products.

In the production of nutritional supplements, it may be used to enhance the stability of liquid formulations.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to some baby food products to ensure their microbiological safety.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be employed in the preservation of concentrated broths and soup bases used in the food industry.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is found in the preservative systems of some pet care products, including shampoos and grooming solutions.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of sauces and condiments used in fast-food and restaurant establishments.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of pre-packaged salads and fresh-cut herbs.
In the bakery industry, it may be employed in the production of frozen dough products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a versatile preservative with applications spanning various industries, contributing to the longevity and safety of a diverse range of products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of refrigerated and shelf-stable dairy-based dips and spreads.
In the production of instant and dehydrated soups, Sorbic Acid may be used to enhance microbial stability.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of processed and packaged meat products, including sausages and deli meats.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) finds application in the production of fruit-based gel snacks and fruit preparations.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Sorbic Acid is used in the preservation of liquid vitamins and dietary supplements.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to the formulations of hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners to prevent microbial growth.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of ready-to-eat grain and cereal products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the production of frozen and refrigerated pasta products to ensure their microbiological stability.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be found in the preservative systems of liquid and cream-based makeup products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of plant-based protein products, including tofu and plant-based burgers.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to certain health and wellness beverages to prevent spoilage during storage.

In the production of pet treats and chews, Sorbic Acid contributes to their shelf life.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be used in the preservation of fermented food products like kimchi and sauerkraut.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of concentrated fruit purees used in the food industry.
In the manufacturing of nutritional bars and snacks, it may be used to enhance product stability.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to some personal care items like wet wipes to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of flavored syrups used in the production of shaved ice and snow cones.
In the confectionery industry, it may be used in the production of gummy candies and chewy treats.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) finds application in the preservation of dairy-based and plant-based yogurt alternatives.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the production of frozen pastry and dessert items, including turnovers and strudels.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be added to the formulations of facial cleansers and skincare masks for microbial stability.

In the production of sauces and marinades, Sorbic Acid contributes to their extended shelf life.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of packaged and ready-to-eat seafood products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may find application in the production of infant formulas to ensure product safety.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of flavored and infused cooking oils for consumer use.



DESCRIPTION


Sorbic acid, also known as 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural compound and a derivative of acrylic acid.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is commonly used as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria in various food products.
The chemical formula for Sorbic acid (food preservative) is C6H8O2.

In the context of food preservation, sorbic acid and its salts, such as potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, are often employed due to their effectiveness in preventing the spoilage of food items.
They are particularly useful in the preservation of products with a low pH, such as acidic foods and beverages.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a natural compound with a distinct sweet and slightly fruity odor.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a six-carbon compound with a chemical structure that includes a conjugated double bond.
The colorless Sorbic acid (food preservative) is soluble in water to a limited extent but readily dissolves in organic solvents.
Known for its antimicrobial properties, Sorbic Acid is a popular food preservative.

Its molecular formula, C6H8O2, reflects its six-carbon chain and double bond structure.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is commonly used to inhibit the growth of molds, yeast, and bacteria in various food products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is an unsaturated fatty acid that plays a crucial role in extending the shelf life of perishable goods.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is often utilized in the preservation of acidic foods and beverages.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is effective in preventing the spoilage of products with a low pH, such as fruit juices and sauces.
With its natural origin, Sorbic Acid is generally considered safe for consumption in regulated quantities.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is also used in cosmetic and personal care products as a preservative to maintain product stability.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) disrupts the cellular function of microorganisms, preventing their growth and proliferation.
In the form of its salts, such as potassium sorbate, it is widely employed in food processing industries.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) has a relatively low toxicity, enhancing its suitability for various applications.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) has a long history of safe use and is approved by food safety authorities around the world.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is an essential ingredient in the production of certain cheeses to prevent unwanted microbial growth.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is known for its stability under a range of environmental conditions.

Its effectiveness as a preservative extends to both synthetic and naturally derived cosmetic formulations.
Due to its mild flavor, Sorbic Acid does not significantly alter the taste of preserved food products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) and its derivatives are subject to regulatory guidelines, ensuring their safe use in the food industry.
In addition to food and cosmetics, it is used in pharmaceuticals to preserve the stability of medications.
Sorbic acid (food preservative)'s antimicrobial action makes it valuable in the preservation of personal care items.

Sorbic acid (food preservative)'s application in preventing microbial contamination contributes to food safety and quality.
Its stability in various formulations makes Sorbic Acid a reliable choice for diverse industrial applications.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) exemplifies the balance between effective preservation and minimal impact on product characteristics.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C6H8O2
IUPAC Name: (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
Molecular Weight: 112.13 g/mol
Structure: Sorbic Acid has a six-carbon chain with conjugated double bonds, giving it its unsaturated nature.


Physical Properties:

Physical State: Sorbic Acid is a white crystalline powder at room temperature.
Odor: It has a distinct sweet and slightly fruity odor.
Taste: The compound is virtually tasteless.
Solubility: Sorbic Acid is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves readily in organic solvents.


Stability:

Stability in Air: Stable under normal atmospheric conditions.
Stability in Light: Generally stable under normal light conditions.
Stability in Heat: Stable under moderate heat conditions.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air.
If respiratory irritation or difficulty breathing occurs, seek medical attention.
If breathing is difficult, provide artificial respiration.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide medical personnel with information about the amount ingested and the individual's overall health.


Notes to Medical Personnel:

Treat symptoms and provide supportive care.
If large amounts are ingested, consider the potential for gastrointestinal irritation and monitor for signs of respiratory distress.
In case of skin irritation, offer symptomatic treatment.
In case of eye exposure, immediate and thorough irrigation is crucial.


General Advice:

Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the chemical involved and have access to safety data sheets.
If providing first aid, wear appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid exposure.
Advise seeking medical attention for any symptoms or concerns.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles, when handling Sorbic Acid.
Use protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
If necessary, use respiratory protection in accordance with applicable regulations.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact with Sorbic Acid.
Take precautions to prevent inhalation of dust or vapors.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Sorbic Acid.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where the substance is handled.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Clean up spills promptly, using appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain and collect spilled material using non-combustible absorbent materials.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Sorbic Acid away from incompatible materials, including strong acids and bases.
Separate from reactive substances.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers, indicating the content and any relevant hazard information.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Sorbic Acid in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent contamination.

Temperature Control:
Avoid exposure to excessive heat or direct sunlight.
Maintain storage temperatures within the specified range.

Containers:
Use suitable containers made of compatible materials to store Sorbic Acid.
Ensure containers are properly labeled and sealed.

Protection from Physical Damage:
Store Sorbic Acid away from areas where physical damage or impact could occur.
Protect containers from damage to prevent spills or leaks.

Incompatibility:
Be aware of the incompatibility of Sorbic Acid with certain materials, and store it separately.
Keep away from open flames, heat sources, and oxidizing agents.

Handling Precautions:
Implement good industrial hygiene practices when handling Sorbic Acid.
Use appropriate engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Shelf Life:
Check the shelf life of Sorbic Acid and use older stock first to ensure freshness and efficacy.
Rotate stock based on storage duration.

Security Measures:
Implement appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorized access to Sorbic Acid storage areas.

Emergency Procedures:
Ensure that emergency procedures are in place, including measures for spill control and containment.

Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) works by stopping mold, yeast, and fungi from growing.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) prevents fermentation from occurring longer than required in beverages like sweet or semi-sweet wine.


CAS Number: 24634-61-5
EC Number: 246-376-1
E number: E200 (preservatives)
Chemical formula: C6H7O2K



SYNONYMS:
(2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, Potassium Sorbate, (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, Sorbic acid potassium salt, E 202, E 202 (preservative), K 60/95, PO 300, Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, Potassium sorbate, Sorbic acid potassium salt, potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, E 200 - 202



Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate), or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H and the structure H3C−CH=CH−CH=CH−C(=O)OH.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is derived from rowan, or mountain ash, tree berries.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is also popularly used throughout the world in foods, drinks, and personal care products for over 50 years.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) works by stopping mold, yeast, and fungi from growing.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) prevents fermentation from occurring longer than required in beverages like sweet or semi-sweet wine.


The fermentation process of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is stopped by preventing bacteria from dividing into new yeast cells.
As mentioned before, potassium sorbate is one of the salts found in Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate).
Both the FDA and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have determined potassium sorbate “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS).


The salt preserves food without changing the quality, taste, smell, texture, or appearance.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) also does not accumulate in the body and passes through the system harmlessly.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) was first derived from berries in 1859, but the antimicrobial power wasn’t realized until around 1940.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate)’s colorless and slightly water-soluble and while it is an organic matter, most Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) available on the market today is produced synthetically by processing ketene and crotonaldehyde.
With the ability to control acid levels, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) enhances both flavor and color.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is one kind of nonsuturated fatty acid compounds.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can effectively restrain the activity of mold, yeast, and aerophile bacteria.
For instance, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is sometimes added to wine as a preservative and stabilizer.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) contains an (E,E)-sorbate.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is not a bactericide.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is metabolized by certain bacteria and has a characteristic "geranium" taste.
For this reason, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate)'s presence in wine does not make it possible to remove SO2.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a highly efficient, and nonpoisonous food preservatives .


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) generally is an effective inhibitor of most molds and yeasts and some bacteria .
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a highly efficient, and nonpoisonous food preservatives .
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) generally is an effective inhibitor of most molds and yeasts and some bacteria.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is available as a white powder that dissolves easily in water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: wood preservation.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is approved in the EEA and/or Switzerland for use in biocidal products more favourable for the environment, human or animal health.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following products: plant protection products, cosmetics and personal care products and washing & cleaning products.


Other release to the environment of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following products: plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Other release to the environment of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) inhibits yeast and mold growth and is utilized in both food and skin products.
When used in food, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) helps keep the food fresh long enough to be distributed and stored throughout the world.


The United States Food and Drug Administration considers Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) to be safe for regular use.
As an antimicrobial agent, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used as a preservative in food and drinks.
The salts in it are usually preferred over Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) itself when it comes to food and beverage applications because they are more soluble in water.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) salts are sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, and potassium sorbate.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used as a preservative.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) whose anti-fungal properties inhibit the spread of yeast.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following products: plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following fields: agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints, coatings or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used for research use only.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is commonly used food preservatives.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used extensively in food, drink, and vegetables in soy.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is widely used preservative in food and cosmetics
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.
In food technology, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is primarily used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of food.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a safe, proven, and widely used additive that is a component in a variety of products.
The preserving effect of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has also been utilized by the cosmetics industry, which uses the additive in personal care products to make them last longer.


Pharmaceuticals also often contain Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate).
Common applications of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate): Candies, pastry, biscuits, mayonnaise, marmalade, refreshments, tonic and energetic drinks, butter, margarine, yogurts, dairy products, sweeteners, dried fruits, olives, meat products, sauces, egg white


-Use of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) in Food:
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a preservative that is used in a variety of foods to increase their shelf life.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is widely used in the food industry and inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as yeast, mold, and bacteria.

For Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) to be particularly effective, an acidic pH value should be present.
This can be achieved, for example, by using citric acid or ascorbic acid, which is why potassium sorbate is often used in combination with other acids.


-Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is typically added to the following foods:
*Meat substitutes
*Sauces
*Marinades
*Jams
*Spreads
*Yogurt
*Dried fruit
*Beverages
*Margarine
*Baked goods
*Mayonnaise
*Deli salads
Food additives such as Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) also act as antioxidants.
As an antioxidant, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can inhibit the formation of free radicals, which have a cell-damaging effect.



PROPERTIES AND USES OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
With a pKa of 4.76, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is about as acidic as acetic acid.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) and its salts, especially potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.

In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid.
The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is below pH 6.5. Sorbates are generally used at concentrations of 0.025% to 0.10%.
Adding sorbate salts to food will, however, raise the pH of the food slightly so the pH may need to be adjusted to assure safety.

Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is found in foods such as various kinds of cheese, bread, muffins, donuts, pies, cookies, protein bars, syrups, lemonades, fruit juices, dried meats, sausages, nuggets, burgers, sandwiches, tacos, pizzas, smoked fish, margarine, sauces, soups, and more.
Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing trans-1,3-pentadiene.

The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.
Other detoxification reactions include reduction to 4-hexenol and 4-hexenoic acid.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) appears as white crystals or powder.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has a characteristic odor.



SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE) OF ADVANTAGES OVER OTHER PRESERVATIVES OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Advantages over Other Preservatives
Unlike other preservatives, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has a neutral taste and smell, which means that the flavors and aromas of food products are not affected.

Another major advantage of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is that it is considered safe for human consumption.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has low toxicity and has been classified as safe by the World Health Organization and the European Food Safety Authority.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has no harmful effects on the human body, if it is consumed within recommended doses.



PRODUCTION OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
The traditional route to Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) involves condensation of malonic acid and crotonaldehyde.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide.

The route used commercially, however, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is from crotonaldehyde and ketene.
An estimated 30,000 tons of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) are produced annually.



HISTORY OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) was isolated in 1859 by distillation of rowanberry oil by A. W. von Hofmann.
This affords parasorbic acid, the lactone of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate), which he converted to sorbic acid by hydrolysis.

Its antimicrobial activities were discovered in the late 1930s and 1940s, and it became commercially available in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Beginning in the 1980s, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) and its salts were used as inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum in meat products to replace the use of nitrites, which can produce carcinogenic nitrosamines.



TO CALCULATE THE AMOUNT OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE) IN FOOD:
*Prepare the food sample by homogenizing and weighing an appropriate portion size.
*Extract Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) from the sample using an appropriate solvent, such as water or ethanol.
*Analyze the extract using a chromatographic technique like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC).
*This will separate and quantify the individual preservative compounds.
*Compare the measured concentrations to reference standards to determine the amounts of potassium sorbate and Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) present in the food sample.
*Express the results as milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or parts per million (ppm) of the food sample.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Chemical Formula: C6H8O2
Molar Mass: 112.128 g·mol−1
Density: 1.204 g/cm³
Melting Point: 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)
Boiling Point: 228 °C (442 °F; 501 K)
Solubility in Water: 1.6 g/L at 20 °C
Acidity (pKa): 4.76 at 25 °C
Additive Name: Sorbic acid - potassium sorbate (SA)

Synonym Name(s):
E No.: E 200 - 202
Molecular Weight: 150.22 g/mol
Formula: C6H7KO2
CAS No.: 24634-61-5
Appearance: Solid
Color: White to off-white
SMILES: C/C=C/C=C/C([O-])=O.[K+]
Structure Classification: Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source: Plants, other families, Endogenous metabolite



FIRST AID MEASURES of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

DESCRIPTION:

Sorbitan Caprylate is a monoester of fatty acids (caprylic acid) and sorbitol.
Sorbitan Caprylate is a substance with several uses.
In addition to being a hydrotrope, Sorbitan Caprylate also functions as a co-emulsifier, stabilizing emulsions.


CAS Number: 60177-36-8
EINECS/ELINCS No: 262-098-3
Chem/IUPAC Name: [(1R)-1-[(3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octanoate



Additionally, Sorbitan Caprylate may aid in increasing viscosity.
Furthermore, Sorbitan Caprylate increases the efficiency of conventional preservatives


Sorbitan Caprylate is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent that contains a synergistic mixture of benzoic acid in SC and propanediol.
Sorbitan Caprylate is Ecocert certified, making it ideal for preserving natural cosmetics.
Sorbitan Caprylate provides activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, yeast and mold.
Sorbitan Caprylate is a monoester of caprylic acid and hexitol anhydrides derived fromsorbitol.

Sorbitan Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient.
Sorbitan Caprylate is not only known as a hydrotrope but also as a co-emulsifier helping to stabilise emulsions.
In addition, Sorbitan Caprylate can help to build up viscosity.
While this effect in leave-on formulations is dependent on the chosen system, the viscosity increasing ability of Sorbitan Caprylate in surfactant based systems is high.

Sorbitan Caprylate can help to increase the viscosity of a formulation and it can act as an emulsifier.
Sorbitan Caprylate assists the efficacy of preserving agents in a synergistic manner.
Lower use concentrations of preserving agents can be used without lowering the efficacy.


Sorbitan Caprylate is 100 % renewable, natural derived preservative booster, which is not listed as a preservative and can be used globally and as a multifunctional co-emulsifying agent for cosmetic formulations.


Sorbitan caprylate is a Monoester of caprylic acid and hexitol anhydrides derived from sorbitol.
Sorbitan caprylate uses and applications include: Emulsifier for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods; antistat; emulsion stabilizer, thickener; fiber lubricantsoftener for textiles


USES OF SORBITAN CAPRYLATE:
The Sorbitan Fatty Acid Esters function as surfactants, emulsifying agents in cosmetics.
These are used in a variety of products including skin care products, moisturizers, cleansing products, and eye and facial makeup.
Its maximum use concentration in leave-on and rinse-off products has been found to be 1-1.5% and 1% respectively.

Facial care:
Sorbitan Caprylate can serve as an emulsifier and aid in making a formulation more viscous.
Sorbitan Caprylate works in tandem with preserving agents to increase their effectiveness.
Sorbitan Caprylate works well with organic acids and aromatic alcohols.

Preserving agents can be used at lower concentrations without losing any of their effectiveness.
Sorbitan Caprylate is a natural-based thickener with emollient properties
Baby care:
Sorbitan Caprylate works as an emulsifier cum emollient and benefits the skin.
Sorbitan Caprylate boosts the effectiveness of traditional preservatives and allows for using lower amounts of preservatives

ORIGIN OF SORBITAN CAPRYLATE:
Typically, sorbitol is dehydrated to create hexitan, which is then esterified with the desired fatty acid, in this case, caprylic acid, to create sorbitan fatty acid esters like Sorbitan caprylate.


WHAT DOES SORBITAN CAPRYLATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
• Emulsifying
• Emulsion stabilising
• Surfactant



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SORBITAN CAPRYLATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product





CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SORBITAN CAPRYLATE:
Boiling Point 317°C
Melting Point -10°C
pH 5.0-7.0
Solubility Soluble in water
XlogP3-AA: 0.90 (est)
Molecular Weight: 290.35642000
Formula: C14 H26 O6
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 475.14 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 343.00 °F. TCC ( 172.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.347 (est)
Soluble in water, 1348 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a monoester of fatty acids (caprylic acid) and sorbitol.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a substance with several uses.
In addition to being a hydrotrope, Sorbitan Caprylate also functions as a co-emulsifier, stabilizing emulsions.

CAS: 60177-36-8
MF: C14H26O6
MW: 290.35264
EINECS: 262-098-3

Additionally, Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) may aid in increasing viscosity.
Furthermore, Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) increases the efficiency of conventional preservatives.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a mixture of isomeric organic compounds derived from the dehydration of sorbitol and is an intermediate in the conversion of sorbitol to isosorbide.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is primarily used in the production of surfactants such as polysorbates; which are important emulsifying agents, with a total annual demand of more than 10000 tons in 2012.

Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is also known as caprylic acid.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) has a role as an antibacterial agent, a human metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a conjugate acid of an octanoate.

Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 16 °C
Boiling point: 237 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.91 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 78 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.428(lit.)
FEMA: 2799 | OCTANOIC ACID
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 20-25°C
Solubility: 0.68g/l
Pka: 4.89(at 25℃)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.910 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear colorless to yellow
PH: 3.97(1 mM solution);3.45(10 mM solution);2.95(100 mM solution);
Odor: unpleasant odor
PH Range: 3.5
Odor Type: fatty
Explosive limit: 1%(V)
Water Solubility: 0.68 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,1765
JECFA Number: 99
BRN: 1747180
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents. Flammable.
LogP: 3.05 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 124-07-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) (124-07-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) (124-07-2)

Synthesis
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is produced by the dehydration of sorbitol and is an intermediate in the conversion of sorbitol to isosorbide.
The dehydration reaction usually produces Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) as a mixture of five- and six-membered cyclic ethers (1,4-anhydrosorbitol, 1,5-anhydrosorbitol and 1,4,3,6-dianhydrosorbitol) with the five-membered 1,4-anhydrosorbitol form being the dominant product.
The rate of formation of Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is typically greater than that of isosorbide, which allows it to be produced selectively, providing the reaction conditions are carefully controlled.
The dehydration reaction has been shown to work even in the presence of excess water.

Synonyms
Sorbitan, monooctanoate
EINECS 262-098-3
60177-36-8
[(1R)-1-[(3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octanoate
UNII-1VTA8DCP5Q
DTXSID80975601
1,4-Anhydro-5-O-octanoylhexitol
LS-184543

cas no 1338-43-8 Span 80; Sorbitan, mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate; Arlacel 80; 1,4-anhydro-6-O-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-D-glucitol;

EC / List no.: 215-665-4; CAS no.: 1338-43-8; Mol. formula: C24H44O6; Sorbitane monooleate, sorbitan oleate, Sorbitan oleate; Span 80; Arlacel 80 Span 80; SORBITAN OLEATE; Sorbitan, mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate; 1,4-anhydro-6-O-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-D-glucitol; Glycomul O; Sorbitan O; Alkamuls SMO; Armotan MO; Dehymuls SMO; Lonzest SMO; Kosteran O 1; Crill 4; Sorbester P 17; Disponil 100; Montan 80; Newcol 80; Nonion OP80R; Sorgen 40İ Sorgen 40A; Montane 80 VGA; Radiasurf 7155; Rheodol AO 10; Atmer 05 ; Emasol 410; Emasol O 10; Emasol O 10; Kemmat S 80; Nikkol SO 10; Nikkol SO-15; Rheodol SP-O 10; Rikemal O 250; Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate, (Z)-; Sorbon S 80; Ionet S-80; Emsorb 2500; Sorbitan oleate;S 271 (surfactant); CAS-1338-43-8; Nissan Nonion OP 80R; Anhydrosorbitol monooleate; Monodehydrosorbitol monooleate; Sorbitan monooleic acid ester; Sorbitani oleas [INN-Latin]; Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate; ML 55F; MO 33F; S-MAX 80; Oleate de sorbitan [INN-French]; Oleato de sorbitano [INN-Spanish]; Sorbitani oleas; EINECS 215-665-4; Oleate de sorbitan; Oleato de sorbitano; S 80; Sorbitan esters, mono(Z)-9-octadecenoate; 1,4-Anhydro-D-glucitol, 6-(9-octadecenoate); Span-80; D-Glucitol, 1,4-anhydro-, 6-(9-octadecenoate); Mannide monooleate, liquid; Dianhydromannitol monooleate; Span(R) 80, for GC; Mannide monooleate, from plant; Sorbitan monooleate [USAN:NF]; Sorbitan monooleate. (Compound usually contains also associated fatty acids.); Span(R) 80, nonionic surfactant; 1,4-Anhydro-D-glucitol 6-oleate; Sorbitan monooleate, SAJ ; Noms français : MONOOLEATE DE SORBITANNE Noms anglais : MONODEHYDROSORBITOL MONOOLEATE SORBITAN MONO-9-OCTADECENOATE SORBITAN MONOOLEATE SORBITAN MONOOLEIC ACID ESTER SORBITAN OLEATE SORBITAN, MONOOLEATE Utilisation et sources d'émission Agent dispersant

cas no 9005-66-7 Tween® 40; POE (20) sorbitan monopalmitate; Polysorbate 40; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monopalmitate;

SYNONYMS D-Glucitol, anhydro-, monohexadecanoate; Span 40; Anhydrosorbitol Palmitate; Sorbitan monohexadecanoate; Sorbitan Monopalmitate;Sorbitol, Fatty acid CAS NO. 26266-57-9

cas no 1338-41-6 Span 60; Sorbitan stearate;

SYNONYMS D-Glucitol, anhydro-, monooctadecanoate; Anhydrosorbitol Stearate; Sorbitan, monooctadecanoate; Sorbitan Monostearate;CAS NO. 1338-41-6

SORBITAN OLIVATE N° CAS : 223706-40-9 "Bien" dans toutes les catégories. Nom INCI : SORBITAN OLIVATE Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

POE (20) sorbitan monostearate; Polysorbate 60; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate; cas no: 9005-67-8

Synonyms: SORBITAN TRISTEARATE;SORBITANE TRISTEARATE;SPAN(R) 65;SPAN 65;SPAN(TM) 65;POE(4) SORBITAN TRISTEARATE;emulsifier(s65);EMALEX EG-2854-S CAS: 26658-19-5

Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a light cream to tan-coloured, hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odor and bland taste.


CAS Number: 26658-19-5
EC Number: 247-891-4
Chem/IUPAC Name: Sorbitan tristearate
Molecular Formula: C60H114O8



SYNONYMS:
Sorbitan esters of fatty acids, Sorbitan esters, Sorbitan trioctadecanoate, Anhydrosorbitan tristearate, Octadecanoic acid [(2R,3S,4R)-2-[1,2-bis(1-oxooctadecoxy)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-tetrahydrofuranyl] ester, Sorbitan trioctadecanoate, E492, Anhydrosorbitan tristearate, Anhydrosorbitol tristearate,
Span 65, SPAN 65, SPAN(R) 65, Span™SPAN(TM) 65, The span 65, EmulsifierS65, Lonzest(R) STS, emulsifier(s65), EMALEX EG-2854-S, Sorbitantristearat,



Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a creamish powder, with a neutral odor and taste, that is produced from raw materials derived from vegetable origin.
Finester Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an emulsifier, and also an anti-bloom agent in chocolates, and a anti-crystallizing agent in palm oil and cooking oils.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an ideal multi-functional additive in ice cream, chewing gum, coffee, shortening, margarine, cream and lotion and plastid films.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a nonionic surfactant.


As a food additive, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) has the E number E492.
The consistency of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is waxy; its color is light cream to tan.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is produced by the esterification of Sorbitol with commercial edible fatty acids and consists of approximately 95% of a mixture of the esters of Sorbitol and its mono and di-anhydrides.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a light cream to tan coloured, hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odour and bland taste.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a partial ester of stearic acid with sorbitol and its monoanhydrides and dianhydrides.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is derived from naturally renewable resources.


Sorbitan Esters are soluble or dispersible in oil as they form "water in oil" emulsions.
Sorbitan Esters are soluble in most organic solvents, and dispersible in water.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is non flammable.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a light cream to tan-coloured, hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odor and bland taste.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is insoluble in cold water and dispersible in edible oils.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is produced by the esterification of Sorbitol with commercial edible fatty acids and consists of approximately 95% of a mixture of the esters of Sorbitol and its mono and di-anhydrides.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) , also known as Span 65, a nonionic surfactant that can be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food with the European food additive number E492.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS)'s main functions are to retard fat bloom in chocolates and prevent cloudy appearance in cooking oils.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as chocolate anti-bloom agent.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a low HLB surfactant suggested for use in cosmetic formulations (w/o emulsifier), household products (w/o emulsifier, viscosity modifier) and textile chemicals (emulsifier).


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an emulsifier and alternate for sorbitan stearate.
Margarine and Low-fat spreads uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS): Prevents crystal formation and subsequent sandiness in margarines and spreads.
Vegetable Oils uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS): Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) reduces cloud point in vegetable oils with a high stearin content


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is variously used as a dispersing agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer, in food and in aerosol sprays.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as emulsifier and stabilizer in candy,ice cream,biscuits and other industry.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is also suitable for many kind of processing: bread, cheese, chocolate, etc.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as well as for natural leavened pastry such as Panettone, Croissants and Brioches.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used in shortening, chocolate, spread, and so on.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is especially used for fats and oils which melting point is 32℃-34℃.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as an anti-bloom agent in chocolates and anti-crystallizing agent in palm oil / cooking oils.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used in medicine, Cosmetics, Textiles as Emulsifier, Stabilizer.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a lipophilic surface-active agent.


Typical applications of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS): Fine bakery wares, Toppings and coatings for fine bakery wares, Fat emulsions, Milk and cream analogues, Beverage whiteners, Liquid tea concentrates and liquid fruit and herbal infusion, concentrates, Edible ices, Desserts, Sugar confectionery, Cocoa-based confectionery, including chocolate, Emulsified sauces, Dietary food supplements, Yeast for baking, Chewing gum, Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes, Dietetic formulae for weight control, Carriers and solvents for colours and anti-foaming agents


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is often used as an emulsifier in combination with polysorbates.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is also used to modify crystallisation of fats.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS), coded E492, is particularly useful for preventing hardening of oils when storage conditions are at low temperatures.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is preferred to prevent solidification and cloudy appearance in many products that are desired to be liquid, especially frying oils.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is one of the most suitable emulsifiers that can be used for products where oil crystals maintain their place and size in the emulsion throughout the shelf life.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is created from the fusion of refined vegetable fatty acids and sorbitol.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an excellent Anti-Blooming Agent and Emulsifier.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) seamlessly integrates into fats, compound coatings, and fillings, enhancing their properties.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) has application in beverage and food applications.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as an emulsifier that can be used to retard fat bloom by preventing β’ crystals from converting to β crystals when exposed to excessive heat conditions, which tend to migrate to the chocolate surface and thus cause fat bloom.


At the same time, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) results in a negative influence on the appearance of the chocolate.
β’ crystals are unstable crystals formed by cocoa powder, which is an important ingredient in the manufacturing of chocolate.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is often used as an emulsifier in combination with polysorbates.


-Chocolates uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS):
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) acts as a fat crystal modifier.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an excellent retardant of "blooming".


-Cosmetics uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS):
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) functions as a surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS)'s concentrations typically range between 0.1% and 5% (up to 10%).


-Cooking oils uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS):
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) can be used as an anti-crystallization agent in cooking oils (e.g. palm oil, coconut oil) to prevent oils cloudy appearance which are formed by harden-fast fractions under colder temperatures.



WHAT ARE THE USES OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) IN CHOCOLATES AND COOKING OILS?
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS), also known as Span 65, a nonionic surfactant that can be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food with the European food additive number E492.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS)'s main functions are to retard fat bloom in chocolates and prevent cloudy appearance in cooking oils.



FUNCTIONS OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
*Anti-Blooming Agent,
*Emulsifier



LABELING CLAIMS OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
*Halal,
*Kosher,
*Non-GMO,
*PHO (Partially Hydrogenated Oil)-Free



FEATURES OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
*Improved Mouthfeel,
*Improved Whiteness,
*Improves Whitening



THE FOLLOWING FOOD LIST MAY CONTAIN SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
*Bakery products
*Toppings and coatings
*Fat emulsions (e.g. spreads)
*Beverage whiteners
*Desserts
*Jam, jellies and marmalades
*Cocoa and chocolate products
*Candies
*Chocolates

Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) and lecithin are often used as surface-active substances to reduce viscosity in chocolate formulations.
In chocolate, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) adjusts sugar crystallization and appearance, also it can reduce stickiness.



IS SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) NATURAL?
No, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is not natural as it is made from chemical synthesis, the reaction of sorbitol and stearic acid.



IS SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) HALAL, KOSHER AND VEGAN?
Yes, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) would be halal, kosher and vegan if the raw material – stearic acid is from natural vegetable oils.
However, some manufacturing processes may use stearic acid from animal fats and oils.



WHAT DOES SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying



SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) MAY BE PRESENT IN THE FOLLOWING PRODUCTS:
*Skin care products
*Makeup products
*Moisturizers



HOW IS SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) MADE?
Like sorbitan monostearate, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is also made from direct esterification of sorbitol with stearic acid, but different from the former, as with three stearic acid molecules attached to sorbitan molecule in the structure.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is not a pure compound but a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides with edible stearic acid.


*Stearic acid
Commercial stearic acid may contain up to 48.7–50.0% palmitic acid.
The purity of food grade stearic acid depends on the raw material sources as well as the manufacturing processes.
Vegetable sourced stearic acid is the most used in the manufacturing process of sorbitan tristearate and other sorbitan esters of fatty acids.


*Sorbitol
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is produced from d-glucose which is mainly produced from maize and tapioca.



WHAT ARE THE USES OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS)?
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as a water in oil (W/O) emulsifier and when used in combination with polysorbates they can stabilize oil in water (O/W) emulsions.
The formulation of the Span/Polysorbate ratio can produce emulsifying systems with various HLB values.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is mainly used as an anti-bloom agent of fat, and also maintains the color and gloss in chocolates.
When used in margarine, shortenings and cooking oils, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS)'s purpose is to keep an appealing texture.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
CAS number: 26658-19-5
Chemical formula: C60H114O8
Molecular weight: 963.54
Appearance: A light cream to tan beads or flakes or hard,
waxy solid with a slight odor
HLB: 2.1 (1)
Solubility: Not soluble in water; insoluble in methanol and ethanol;
dispersible in mineral oil and vegetable oils
Molecular Formula: C60H114O8
Molecular Weight: 963.54
HLB Value: 2.1
Character: Yellow Waxy Solid
Soluble in: Isopropanol, Tetracarp, and Xylene
Physical State: Solid
Color: Not available
Odor: Not available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Not available
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: Not available
Flammability (Solid/Gas): Not available

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: Not available
Flash Point: 150.00°C - closed cup
Autoignition Temperature: Not available
Decomposition Temperature: Not available
pH: Not available
Viscosity
Kinematic: Not available
Dynamic: Not available
Water Solubility: Not available
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Vapor Pressure: Not available
Density: Not available
Relative Density: Not available
Relative Vapor Density: Not available
Particle Characteristics: Not available
Explosive Properties: Not available
Oxidizing Properties: Not available
Other Safety Information: Not available

Chemical Formula: C60H114O8
Molar Mass: 963.54 g/mol
Appearance: Waxy solid
CBNumber:CB2733395
Molecular Formula:C60H114O8
Molecular Weight:963.54
MDL Number:MFCD00151165
MOL File:26658-19-5.mol
Melting Point: 53°C
Density: 0.98 g/cm3 (25°C)
Vapor Pressure: Flash Point: 150°C
Storage Temperature: Store below +30°C
Boiling Point: >100°C (1013 hPa)
InChIKey: HWKVXMKNXIZHLF-LLPUSWRMSA-N
LogP: 23.959 (estimated)
Indirect Additives Used in Food Contact Substances: Sorbitan Tristearate

CAS DataBase Reference: 26658-19-5
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 6LUM696811
EPA Substance Registry System: Sorbitan Tristearate (26658-19-5)
Appearance: Pale yellow waxy solid (estimated)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00%
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 885.00 to 886.00°C @ 760.00 mm Hg (estimated)
Flash Point: 431.00°F TCC (221.40°C) (estimated)
LogP (octanol/water): 23.959 (estimated)
Soluble in:
Water: 3.441e-019 mg/L @ 25°C (estimated)
Insoluble in:
Water
Alcohol



FIRST AID MEASURES of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains



HANDLING and STORAGE of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Sorbitol has excellent moisture absorption capability with a low calorific value and has very wide range of effects on the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical field.
Sorbitol can be synthesized by the reduction of glucose.
Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol, also known as a polyol, that is used as a sugar substitute and a sugar-free sweetener.

CAS Number: 50-70-4
Molecular Formula: C6H14O6
Molecular Weight: 182.17
EINECS Number: 200-061-5

Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol.
Sorbitol that occurs in rose hips and rowan berries.
Sorbitol is used to make vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and surfactants.

Sorbitol is a naturally occurring compound found in various fruits, including apples, pears, peaches, and prunes, as well as in some vegetables.
Sorbitol, CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH, derived from glucose; it is isomeric with mannitol.
Sorbitol is found in rose hips and rowan berries and is manufactured by the catalytic reduction of glucose with hydrogen.

Sorbitol is used as a sweetener (in diabetic foods) and in the manufacture of vitamin C and various cosmetics, foodstuffs, and medicines.
Sorbitol is a non-volatile polyhydric sugar alcohol. It is chemically stable and not easily to be oxidized by air.
Sorbitol is easily soluble in water, hot ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, butanol alcohol, cyclohexanol, phenol, acetone, acetic acid and dimethyl formamide.

Sorbitol is widely distributed in nature plant fruit.
Sorbitol is not easy to be fermented by various kinds of microorganism and have a excellent heat resistance without decomposing even at high temperature (200 °C).
Sorbitol is initially separated from the mountain strawberry by the Boussingault (French) et al.

Sorbitol is also used in medicines and as a sweetener (particularly in foods for diabetics).
The pH value of the saturated aqueous solution is 6 to 7.

Sorbitol is isomer of mannitol, Taylor alcohol, and galactose alcohol.
Sorbitol has a refreshing sweet taste with sweetness being 65% of sucrose.

When applied in food, it can prevent the food drying, aging, and can extend the shelf life of products as well as effectively prevent the precipitation of sugars and salts contained in the foods and thus maintain the strength balance of sweetness, sour, bitter and enhance food flavor.
Sorbitol can be synthesize from the hydrogenation of glucose under heating and high pressure with the existence of nickel catalyst.

Sorbitol, less commonly known as glucitol (/ˈɡluːsɪtɒl/), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly.
Sorbitol can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH2OH).
Most sorbitol is made from potato starch, but it is also found in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes.

Sorbitol is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase.
Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2.
While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses.

As an over-the-counter drug, sorbitol is used as a laxative to treat constipation.
Sorbitol is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol, which are water-soluble compounds that occur naturally in many fruits and vegetables.
Sorbitol is also commercially produced from glucose for use in packaged foods and beverages to provide sweetness, texture and moisture retention.

Sorbitol’s safety has been reviewed and confirmed by health authorities around the world, including the World Health Organization, the European Union, and the countries Australia, Canada and Japan.
While the safety of sorbitol and other sugar alcohols is well-documented, some sugar alcohols, when eaten in excessive amounts, can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including gas, bloating and diarrhea.
As a result, foods that contain the sugar alcohols sorbitol or mannitol must include a warning on their label about potential laxative effects.

Sorbitol is D-glucitol. It is a hexahydric alcohol related to mannose and is isomeric with mannitol.
Sorbitol occurs as an odorless, white or almost colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic powder.
Four crystalline polymorphs and one amorphous form of sorbitol have been identified that have slightly different physical properties, e.g. melting point.

Sorbitol is available in a wide range of grades and polymorphic forms, such as granules, flakes, or pellets that tend to cake less than the powdered form and have more desirable compression characteristics.
Sorbitol has a pleasant, cooling, sweet taste and has approximately 50–60% of the sweetness of sucrose.
Sorbitol has a sweet taste.

In comparison to sucrose, the relative sweetness of sorbitol is approximately 50%.
Sorbitol can exist in any of several crystalline forms with melting points ranging from 89 to 101°C.
For a detailed description of this compound, refer to Burdock.

Sorbitol is one of the most widely found sugar alcohols in nature with relatively high concentrations occurring in apples, pears, plums, peaches and apricots.
Also reported found in several varieties of berries, seaweed and algae.
Sorbitol is an alcohol.

Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.

Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Sorbitol will form water-soluble chelates with many divalent and trivalent metal ions in strongly acidic and alkaline conditions.

Addition of liquid polyethylene glycols to sorbitol solution, with vigorous agitation, produces a waxy, water-soluble gel with a melting point of 35–40℃.
Sorbitol solutions also react with iron oxide to become discolored.
Sorbitol increases the degradation rate of penicillins in neutral and aqueous solutions.

Sorbitol may be synthesised via a glucose reduction reaction in which the converted aldehyde group is converted into a hydroxyl group.
The reaction requires NADH and is catalyzed by aldose reductase.
Glucose reduction is the first step of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism, and is implicated in multiple diabetic complications.

Sorbitol is a naturally occurring sweetener synthetically extracted from glucose.
Owing to its low calorific value, it is used in pharmaceutical products, sugar-free foods, and oral care products such as mouth fresheners and toothpastes.
Sorbitol is prescribed for use by diabetes patients as it has a lesser tendency to increase the sugar level in the blood.

Sorbitol is a type of sugar alcohol (or poliol) found naturally in many different fruits (like apples, berries, peaches, and plums).
Sorbitol can be produced from corn syrup and is typically used as a sweetener in food products, drinks, and medication.
Sorbitol is around 60% as sweet as sugar and has about 35 percent fewer calories per grams.

Sorbitol’s thought to be a much better choice in terms of oral health too.
For those reasons and others, it’s considered a healthier alternative to sugar.
Sorbitol (SOR buh tol) treats occasional constipation.

Sorbitol works by increasing the amount of water intestine absorbs.
This softens the stool, making it easier to have a bowel movement.
Sorbitol also increases pressure, which prompts the muscles in your intestines to move stool.

Sorbitol belongs to a group of medications called laxatives.
Sorbitol and Sorbitol Syrup are plant-based ingredients used in food, obtained from cereals (maize and wheat) in the EU.
They belong to the Carbohydrates family.

They are polyols also known as sugar alcohols.
Sorbitol is less sweet than sucrose (about 60% of the sweetness).
Sorbitol is less caloric than sugar (2.4kcal/g instead of 4 kcal/g), can help control blood glucose response and is tooth-friendly (non-cariogenic, do not cause dental caries).

Sorbitol has been used in a wide range of foods for almost half a century.
Sorbitol has a smooth mouthfeel with a sweet, cool and pleasant taste and a sweet, caramel-like scent.
Sorbitol occurs naturally in some fruits, such as apples, pears, peaches, and prunes.

Sorbitol is an approved food additive in the EU, carrying the identifying E-number E420.
Sorbitol and sorbitol syrup are obtained from dextrose and glucose syrups.

Melting point: 98-100 °C (lit.)
alpha: 4 º (per eur. pharm.)
Boiling point: bp760 105°
Density: 1.28 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: <1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.1 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.46
FEMA: 3029 | D-SORBITOL
Flash point: >100°C
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: Very soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
form: liquid
pka: pKa (17.5°): 13.6
color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.28
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 5 - 7 at 182 g/l at 25 °C
PH: 5.0-7.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
optical activity: [α]20/D 1.5±0.3°, c = 10% in H2O
Odor Type: caramellic
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.045
Merck: 14,8725
BRN: 1721899
Stability: Stable. Avoid strong oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture.
InChIKey: FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N
LogP: -4.67

Sorbitol occurs naturally in the ripe berries of many trees and plants.
Sorbitol was first isolated in 1872 from the berries of the Mountain Ash (Sorbus americana).
Industrially, sorbitol is prepared by high-pressure hydrogenation with a copper–chromium or nickel catalyst, or by electrolytic reduction of glucose and corn syrup.

If cane or beet sugars are used as a source, the disaccharide is hydrolyzed to dextrose and fructose prior to hydrogenation.
Sorbitol is widely used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. It is also used extensively in cosmetics and food products.
Sorbitol is used as a diluent in tablet formulations prepared by either wet granulation or direct compression.

Sorbitol is particularly useful in chewable tablets owing to its pleasant, sweet taste and cooling sensation.
In capsule formulations it is used as a plasticizer for gelatin.
Sorbitol has been used as a plasticizer in film formulations.

In liquid preparations sorbitol is used as a vehicle in sugar-free formulations and as a stabilizer for drug, vitamin, and antacid suspensions.
Furthermore, sorbitol is used as an excipient in liquid parenteral biologic formulations to provide effective protein stabilization in the liquid state.
Sorbitol has also been shown to be a suitable carrier to enhance the in vitro dissolution rate of indometacin.

In syrups it is effective in preventing crystallization around the cap of bottles.
Sorbitol is additionally used in injectable and topical preparations, and therapeutically as an osmotic laxative.
Sorbitol may also be used analytically as a marker for assessing liver blood flow.

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sugar substitute.
Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose.
The food industry uses D-sorbitol as an additive in the form of a sweetener, humectant, emulsifier, thickener, or dietary supplement.

Sorbitol has also been found in cosmetics, paper, and pharmaceuticals.
Naturally, Sorbitol occurs widely in plants via photosynthesis, ranging from algae to higher order fruits of the family Rosaceae.
Sorbitol is useful in the production of confectionery, baked goods and chocolate where products tend to become dry or harden.

This is because it protects against loss of moisture content, unlike other polyols such as mannitol.
Sorbitols moisture-stabilising properties, protects these products from drying and maintains their initial freshness during storage.
Sorbitol is also very stable.

Sorbitol can withstand high temperatures and does not participate in Maillard (browning) reactions.
Sorbitol works well with other food ingredients such as sugars, gelling agents, proteins and vegetable fats, and may be synergistic with other sweeteners.
Sorbitol is also regularly used in the formulation of oral care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash.

Production method:
Pour the prepared 53% aqueous solution of glucose into the autoclave, adding the nickel catalyst of 0.1% the weight of glucose; after replacement of the air, add hydrogen at about 3.5MPa, 150 °C, and pH8.2-8.4; control the endpoint with residual sugar content being lower than 0.5%.
After precipitation for 5 min, put the resulting solution of sorbitol through ion exchange resin to obtain the refined product.

Material fixed consumption amount: hydrochloric acid 19kg/t, caustic 36kg/ t, solid base 6kg/t, aluminum-nickel alloy powder 3kg/t, orally administrated glucose 518kg/t, activated carbon 4kg/t.
Sorbitol is obtained from the hydrogenation of glucose with the nickel catalyst at high temperature and high pressure after which the product is further refined through the ion exchange resin, concentrated,crystallized, and, separated to obtain the final product.

Domestic production of sorbitol mostly applied continuously or intermittently hydrogenation of refined glucose obtained from starch saccharification:
C6H12O6 + H2 [Ni] → C6H14O6
Pour the prepared 53% aqueous solution of glucose into the autoclave, adding the nickel catalyst of 0.1% the weight of glucose; after replacement of the air, add hydrogen at about 3.5MPa, 150 °C, and pH8.2-8.4; control the endpoint with residual sugar content being lower than 0.5%.

After precipitation for 5 min, put the resulting solution of sorbitol through ion exchange resin to obtain the refined product.
The above-mentioned process is simple without the necessity of isolation before obtaining qualified products as well as without "three wastes" pollution.

However, for the starch, the yield is only 50%, and thus has a higher cost.
Introduction of new technology by direct hydrogenation on starch saccharification liquid can obtain a yield up to 85%.

Uses:
Sorbitol can be used as an excipient, moisturizing agents, and antifreeze agents in toothpaste, with the added amount being up to 25 to 30%.
This can help maintain the lubrication, color, and good taste for the paste.
In cosmetics field, it is used as an anti-drying agent (substitute glycerol) which can enhance the stretch and lubricity of emulsifier, and thus is suitable for long-term storage; Sorbitan esters and sorbitan fatty acid ester as well as its ethylene oxide adducts having a advantage of a small skin irritation which is thus widely used in the cosmetics industry.

Adding sorbitol into foods can prevent the drying of food and make food stay fresh and soft.
Application in bread cake has a significant effect.
The sweetness of sorbitol is lower than that of sucrose, and can’t be exploited by any bacteria.

Sorbitol is an important raw material for production of sugar-free candy and a variety of anti-caries food.
Since the metabolism of the product does not cause increase of blood sugar, it can also be applied as a sweetener agent and nutrient agent for the food of patients with diabetes.
Sorbitol does not contain an aldehyde group and is not easily oxidized.

Sorbitol will not have Maillard reaction with amino acids upon heating.
Sorbitol also has certain physiological activity.
Sorbitol can prevent the denaturation of the carotenoids and edible fats and protein; adding this product to the concentrated milk can extend the shelf life; it can also be used to improve the color, flavor and taste of small intestine and has significant stabilizing effect and long-term storage effect on fish pate.

Sorbitol can be used as raw material in vitamin C; also can be used as feed syrup, injection fluids, and raw material of medicine tablet; as a drug dispersion agent and fillers, cryoprotectants, anti-crystallizing agent, medicine stabilizers, wetting agents, capsules plasticized agents, sweetening agents, and ointment matrix.
Sorbitol abietin is often used as the raw material for common architectural coatings, also used as plasticizers and lubricants for application in polyvinyl chloride resin and other polymers.
Sorbitol can from complex with iron, copper, and aluminum ion in alkaline solution to be applied to the washing and bleaching in textile industry.

Sorbitol using sorbitol and propylene oxide as a starting material can produce rigid polyurethane foam as well as have some flame retardant properties.
Sorbitol is used as a sugar substitute and sweetening agent in various food products, especially those labeled as "sugar-free" or "diet" products.
Sorbitol is often used to add sweetness without the calories associated with regular sugar.

Sorbitol is used in toothpaste and mouthwash formulations due to its ability to sweeten the products and its non-cariogenic (non-tooth-decay-causing) properties.
In the pharmaceutical industry, sorbitol is used as an excipient (inactive ingredient) in the formulation of liquid medications, syrups, and various oral dosage forms.
Sorbitol can serve as a sweetening agent, a bulking agent, and a solvent.

Sorbitol has humectant properties, meaning it can attract and retain moisture.
Sorbitol is used in cosmetic and personal care products, such as skin creams and lotions, to help maintain moisture and prevent products from drying out.
Sorbitol can be used as a sugar substitute in baking, but it may not provide the same texture and browning properties as regular sugar.

Sorbitol also has fewer calories than sugar.
Sorbitol is classified as a sugar alcohol, which means it is a carbohydrate with characteristics of both sugars and alcohols.
Sorbitol is slowly metabolized by the body, resulting in a lower impact on blood sugar levels compared to regular sugars.

Due to its lower glycemic index and reduced impact on blood sugar, sorbitol is sometimes used in diabetic diets as a sugar replacement.
When consumed in excessive quantities, sorbitol can have a laxative effect and may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including diarrhea.
For this reason, it is important to consume it in moderation.

Sorbitol is a humectant that is a polyol (polyhydric alcohol) produced by hydrogenation of glucose with good solubility in water and poor solubility in oil.
Sorbitol is approximately 60% as sweet as sugar, and has a caloric value of 2.6 kcal/g.
Sorbitol is highly hygroscopic and has a pleasant, sweet taste.

Sorbitol maintains moistness in shredded coconut, pet foods, and candy.
In sugarless frozen desserts, it depresses the freezing point, adds solids, and contributes some sweetness.
Sorbitol is used in low-calorie beverages to provide body and taste.

Sorbitol is used in dietary foods such as sugarless candy, chewing gum, and ice cream.
Sorbitol is also used as a crystallization modifier in soft sugar-based confections.
In manufacture of sorbose, ascorbic acid, propylene glycol, synthetic plasticizers and resins; as humectant (moisture conditioner) on printing rolls, in leather, tobacco.

In writing inks to insure a smooth flow and to prevent crusting on the point of the pen. In antifreeze mixtures with glycerol or glycols.
In candy manufacture of to increase shelf life by retarding the solidification of sugar; as humectant and softener in shredded coconut and peanut butter; as texturizer in foods; as sequestrant in soft drinks and wines.
Sorbitol is used to reduce the undesirable aftertaste of saccharin in foodstuffs; as sugar substitute for diabetics.

Sorbitol is widely used as a sugar substitute and sweetening agent.
Sorbitol provides sweetness to various food and beverage products while having fewer calories than regular sugar.
Sorbitol is used in sugar-free and reduced-sugar products, such as candies, chocolates, baked goods, and beverages.

Sorbitol is a common ingredient in sugar-free candies, chewing gum, and other confectionery products.
Sorbitol offers sweetness and a pleasing mouthfeel without contributing to tooth decay.
In the pharmaceutical industry, sorbitol is used as an excipient in the formulation of liquid medications, syrups, and oral dosage forms.

Sorbitol serves as a sweetening agent, bulking agent, and solvent in various medicinal products.
Sorbitol is found in toothpaste, mouthwash, and oral care products because it sweetens these products and has non-cariogenic (non-tooth-decay-causing) properties.
Sorbitol's humectant properties make it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products, including skin creams, lotions, and hair care products.

Sorbitol helps maintain moisture and prevent these products from drying out.
In baking, sorbitol can be used as a sugar substitute. However, it may not provide the same texture and browning properties as regular sugar.
Sorbitol is also employed in the production of low-sugar and reduced-calorie food items.

Due to its lower glycemic index and its reduced impact on blood sugar levels, sorbitol is included in diabetic diets as a sugar replacement or sweetener.
Sorbitol can help people with diabetes manage their blood sugar.
Sorbitol is used as a component in some laxative products to help relieve constipation.

Sorbitol has a mild laxative effect when ingested in certain quantities.
Sorbitol can be found in some dietary supplements, often in the form of chewable tablets or lozenges.
In various industrial processes, sorbitol is used as a raw material and chemical intermediate for the production of other compounds.

Sorbitol has applications in areas like the chemical and plastics industries.
Sorbitol can be used in certain medical formulations, such as oral solutions and enemas.

Sorbitol can help create isotonic solutions and facilitate drug delivery.
Sorbitol can be found in various applications, such as in the manufacturing of adhesives, as a carrier for flavors and fragrances, and in sugar-free syrups for beverages.

Safety Profile:
Sorbitol is widely used in a number of pharmaceutical products and occurs naturally in many edible fruits and berries.
Sorbitol is absorbed more slowly from the gastrointestinal tract than sucrose and is metabolized in the liver to fructose and glucose.
Sorbitols caloric value is approximately 16.7 J/g (4 cal/g).

Sorbitol is better tolerated by diabetics than sucrose and is widely used in many sugar-free liquid vehicles.
However, it is not considered to be unconditionally safe for diabetics.
Reports of adverse reactions to sorbitol are largely due to its action as an osmotic laxative when ingested orally,(17–19) which may be exploited therapeutically.

Ingestion of large quantities of sorbitol (>20 g/day in adults) should therefore be avoided.
Sorbitol is not readily fermented by oral microorganisms and has little effect on dental plaque pH; hence, it is generally considered to be noncariogenic.
Sorbitol is generally considered to be more irritating than mannitol.

Storage:
Sorbitol is chemically relatively inert and is compatible with most excipients.
Sorbitol is stable in air in the absence of catalysts and in cold, dilute acids and alkalis.
Sorbitol does not darken or decompose at elevated temperatures or in the presence of amines.

Sorbitol is nonflammable, noncorrosive, and nonvolatile.
Although sorbitol is resistant to fermentation by many microorganisms, a preservative should be added to sorbitol solutions.
Solutions may be stored in glass, plastic, aluminum, and stainless steel containers.

Solutions for injection may be sterilized by autoclaving.
The bulk material is hygroscopic and should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Synonyms:
D-Sorbitol
sorbitol
D-Glucitol
50-70-4
glucitol
L-Gulitol
(-)-Sorbitol
Glucarine
Diakarmon
Sorbilande
Sorbostyl
Esasorb
Multitol
Neosorb
Nivitin
Sorbite
Sorbol
D-(-)-Sorbitol
Cholaxine
Sionit
Sionite
Sionon
Siosan
Sorbo
Karion instant
Sorbitol F
Sorbex Rp
Sorbitol FP
D-Sorbol
Sionit K
Sorbex M
Sorbex R
Sorbex S
Sorbex X
Sorbicolan
Sorvilande
Gulitol
D-Sorbite
Neosorb P 60
Hexahydric alcohol
Foodol D 70
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol
Neosorb 20/60DC
Glucitol, D-
Neosorb 70/70
Neosorb P 20/60
d-Sorbit
Karion
Karion (carbohydrate)
Neosorb 70/02
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
D-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol
FEMA No. 3029
G-ol
CCRIS 1898
Neosorb P 60W
Probilagol
iso-sorbide
Sorbit
Glc-ol
AI3-19424
HSDB 801
Sorbitol (e420)
NSC 25944
DTXSID5023588
CHEBI:17924
Sorbitol 3% in plastic container
EINECS 200-061-5
Ins-420(i)
UNII-506T60A25R
SORBITOL 3.3% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol
E 420
E-420(i)
Ins no.420(i)
NSC-25944
506T60A25R
7B5697N
E420
Resulax
Sorbilax
DTXCID903588
(2S,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
D-Sorbit 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Medevac
SORBITOL (II)
SORBITOL [II]
E-420
SORBITOL (MART.)
SORBITOL [MART.]
Sorbitur
26566-34-7
SORBITOL (EP MONOGRAPH)
SORBITOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
Sorbit DP
Sorbitol;D-Glucitol
Liponic 70-NC
CAS-50-70-4
ISOMALT IMPURITY C (EP IMPURITY)
ISOMALT IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
MALTITOL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
MALTITOL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
SMR000112219
Sorbitol [USP:NF]
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[h2122h]/1/
MFCD00004708
LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY E (EP IMPURITY)
LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY E [EP IMPURITY]
Sorbitolum
Meritol
Solbitol
Sorbitab
Sorbogem
C*PharmSorbidex
Sorbitol Instant
Sorbitol S
Sorbitol FK
Sorbit D-Powder
Sorbit S
Sorbit W-Powder
Sorbit WP
Sorbitol (NF)
Neosorb P60
Kyowa Powder 50M
Sorbogem 712
Sorbitol (Glucitol)
Liponic 76-NC
Sorbit D 70
Sorbit DP 50
Sorbit L 70
Sorbit T 70
Sorbit W 70
D-Sorbitol, 99%
Sorbit W-Powder 50
D-sorbitol; D-glucitol
D-Sorbitol (JP17)
SORBITOL [HSDB]
SORBITOL [INCI]
SORBITOL [FCC]
SORBITOL [USP]
SORBITOL [MI]
SORBITOL [VANDF]
D-Sorbitol, >=98%
D-SORBITOL [JAN]
SCHEMBL763
Sorbit Kyowa Powder 50M
bmse000115
bmse000803
bmse001007
D-SORBITOL [FHFI]
Epitope ID:114708
SORBITOL [USP-RS]
SORBITOL [WHO-DD]
Isomalt impurity, sorbitol-
D-Sorbitol, NF/FCC grade
CHEMBL1682
MLS001333209
MLS001333210
SORBITOL [ORANGE BOOK]
D-Sorbitol, analytical standard
D-Sorbitol, for electrophoresis
CHEBI:30911
D-Sorbitol, BioXtra, >=98%
D-Sorbitol, for synthesis, 99%
FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N
HMS2094K21
HMS2270A18
Pharmakon1600-01300028
HY-B0400
Tox21_201937
Tox21_303388
D-Sorbitol, >=98%, FCC, FG
NSC759608
s2393
AKOS015899604
D-Sorbitol, plant cell culture tested
CCG-229392
DB01638
NSC-759608
Sorbitol 3% in plastic container (TN)
NCGC00164353-01
NCGC00164353-02
NCGC00164353-03
NCGC00257447-01
NCGC00259486-01
AC-13186
CS-13177
D-Sorbitol, SAJ first grade, >=97.0%
SBI-0206688.P002
SORBITOL-MANNITOL COMPONENT SORBITOL
D-Sorbitol, for molecular biology, >=98%
D-Sorbitol, BioUltra, >=99.5% (HPLC)
D-Sorbitol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
D-Sorbitol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 97%
S0065
SW220289-1
D-Sorbitol, crystallized, >=99.0% (HPLC)
SORBITOL COMPONENT OF SORBITOL-MANNITOL
A15606
C00794
D00096
E70384
AB00919085_06
D-Sorbitol, liquid, tested according to Ph.Eur.
EN300-7832133
ISOMALT IMPURITY, SORBITOL- [USP IMPURITY]
ISOMALT IMPURITY, SORBITOL-(USP IMPURITY)
Q245280
5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3-Oxazole-4-CarboxylicAcid
rel-(2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Sorbitol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
75DE42C3-7C3B-4802-95E0-463F02268BDC
Sorbitol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
D-Sorbitol, BioReagent, cell culture tested, plant cell culture tested
Sorbitol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

SORBİTOL Sorbitol (/ˈsɔərbᵻˌtɒl/), less commonly known as glucitol (/ˈɡluːsᵻˌtɒl/), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, changing the aldehyde group to a hydroxyl group. Most sorbitol is made from corn syrup, but it is also found in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses. Sorbitol is a polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications. Ascorbic acid fermentation; in solution form for moisture-conditioning of cosmetic creams and lotions, toothpaste, tobacco, gelatin; bodying agent for paper, textiles, and liquid pharmaceuticals; softener for candy; sugar crystallization inhibitor; surfactants; urethane resins and rigid foams; plasticizer, stabilizer for vinyl resins; food additive (sweetener, humectant, emulsifier, thickener, anticaking agent); dietary supplement. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary) Biological Source: Occurs widely in plants ranging from algae to the higher orders. Fruits of the plant family Rosaceae, which include apples, pears, cherries, apricots, contain appreciable amounts. Rich sources are the fruits of the Sorbus and Crataegus species Use/Importance: Used for manufacturing of sorbose, propylene glycol, ascorbic acid, resins, plasticizers and as antifreeze mixtures with glycerol or glycol. Uses Sweetener Sorbitol is a sugar substitute. It may be listed under the inactive ingredients listed for some foods and products. Its INS number and E number is 420. Sorbitol has approximately 60% the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar). Sorbitol is referred to as a nutritive sweetener because it provides dietary energy: 2.6 kilocalories (11 kilojoules) per gram versus the average 4 kilocalories (17 kilojoules) for carbohydrates. It is often used in diet foods (including diet drinks and ice cream), mints, cough syrups, and sugar-free chewing gum. It also occurs naturally in many stone fruits and berries from trees of the genus Sorbus. Laxative Sorbitol can be Used as a laxative via an oral suspension or enema. As with other sugar alcohols, gastrointestinal distress may result when food products that contain sorbitol are consumed. Sorbitol exerts its laxative effect by drawing water into the large intestine, thereby stimulating bowel movements.Sorbitol has been determined safe for use by the elderly, although it is not recommended without consultation with a clinician. Sorbitol is found in some dried fruits and may contribute to the laxative effects of prunes.Sorbitol was discovered initially in the fresh juice of mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) berries in 1872. It is found in the fruits of apples, plums, pears, cherries, dates, peaches, and apricots. Medical applications Sorbitol is used in bacterial culture media to distinguish the pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 from most other strains of E. coli, as it is usually incapable of fermenting sorbitol, but 93% of known E. coli strains are capable of doing so.[ A treatment using sorbitol and ion-exchange resin sodium polystyrene sulfonate (tradename Kayexalate), helps remove excess potassium ions when in a hyperkalaemic state.The resin exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions in the bowel, while sorbitol helps to eliminate it. In 2010 the U.S. FDA issued a warning of increased risk for GI necrosis with this combination. Sorbitol is also used in the manufacture of softgels to store single doses of liquid medicines. Health care, food, and cosmetic uses Sorbitol often is used in modern cosmetics as a humectant and thickener. Sorbitol often is used in mouthwash and toothpaste. Some transparent gels can be made only with sorbitol, as it has a refractive index sufficiently high for transparent formulations. Sorbitol is used as a cryoprotectant additive (mixed with sucrose and sodium polyphosphates) in the manufacture of surimi, a processed fish paste. It is also used as a humectant in some cigarettes. Sorbitol sometimes is used as a sweetener and humectant in cookies and other foods that are not identified as "dietary" items. Miscellaneous uses A mixture of sorbitol and potassium nitrate has found some success as an amateur solid rocket fuel. Sorbitol is identified as a potential key chemical intermediate for production of fuels from biomass resources. Carbohydrate fractions in biomass such as cellulose undergo sequential hydrolysis and hydrogenation in the presence of metal catalysts to produce sorbitol. Complete reduction of sorbitol opens the way to alkanes, such as hexane, which can be used as a biofuel. Hydrogen required for this reaction can be produced by aqueous phase reforming of sorbitol. 19 C6H14O6 → 13 C6H14 + 36 CO2 + 42 H2O The above chemical reaction is exothermic; 1.5 moles of sorbitol generate approximately 1 mole of hexane. When hydrogen is co-fed, no carbon dioxide is produced. Sorbitol based polyols are used in the production of polyurethane foam for the construction industry. It is also added after electroporation of yeasts in transformation protocols, allowing the cells to recover by raising the osmolarity of the medium. Industry Uses Fillers Processing aids Viscosity adjustors Consumer Uses Arts, Crafts, and Hobby Materials Cleaning and Furnishing Care Products Personal Care Products Highlights Sorbitol is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol. Sorbitol contains about one-third fewer calories than sugar and is 60 percent as sweet. Sorbitol occurs naturally in a variety of berries and fruits (e.g., apples and blackberries). Sorbitol is also commercially produced and is the most commonly used polyol in the U.S. Sorbitol’s safety has been confirmed by global health authorities. Sorbitol, when eaten in excessive amounts, can cause gastrointestinal discomfort. THE BASICS OF SORBITOL Sorbitol (pronounced sore-bih-tall) is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol, which are water-soluble compounds that occur naturally in many fruits and vegetables. Sorbitol is also commercially produced from glucose for use in packaged foods and beverages to provide sweetness, texture and moisture retention. Sorbitol’s safety has been reviewed and confirmed by health authorities around the world, including the World Health Organization, the European Union, and the countries Australia, Canada and Japan. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also recognizes sorbitol as safe. While the safety of sorbitol and other sugar alcohols is well-documented, some sugar alcohols, when eaten in excessive amounts, can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including gas, bloating and diarrhea. As a result, foods that contain the sugar alcohols sorbitol or mannitol must include a warning on their label about potential laxative effects. SORBITOL AND HEALTH Like most sugar alcohols, sorbitol is neither as sweet as nor as calorie-dense as sugar. Sorbitol is about 60 percent as sweet as sugar and has about 35 percent fewer calories per gram (2.6 calories for sorbitol compared to 4 calories for sugar). But sorbitol’s contributions to health go beyond calories. Studies on sorbitol metabolism date back as far as the 1920s, when researchers began testing sorbitol as a potential carbohydrate substitute in people with diabetes. Since that time, the benefits of sugar alcohols and how the body uses them have become better understood. Two areas where sugar alcohols are known for their positive effects are oral health and impact on blood sugar. Oral Health Sugar alcohols, including sorbitol, have been shown to benefit oral health in several ways, primarily because they are noncariogenic: in other words, they don’t contribute to cavity formation. The act of chewing also protects teeth from cavity-causing bacteria by promoting the flow of saliva. The increased saliva and noncariogenic properties (along with sweetness) are why sugar alcohols (sorbitol and xylitol) are used in sugar-free chewing gum. Some sugar alcohols like erythritol and xylitol inhibit the growth of oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans) that can cause cavities. Sorbitol can be fermented, albeit at a slower rate than sugar, by some but not all oral bacteria. Therefore, sorbitol is not as protective against cavities as some sugar alcohols, but has been shown to decrease cavities compared with sugar. Because of these attributes, the FDA recognizes sorbitol and other sugar alcohols as beneficial to oral health. Blood sugar Like other sugar alcohols (with the exception of erythritol), sorbitol contains calories in the form of carbohydrate. Sorbitol is slowly and incompletely absorbed from our small intestine. The remaining sorbitol continues to the large intestine, where its metabolism yields fewer calories. Because of this, sorbitol consumption (compared with an equal amount of sugar) reduces insulin secretion, which helps keep blood glucose levels lower as a result. RECOMMENDED INTAKES There are no formal recommendations for sorbitol intake. Fermentation of sorbitol in the large intestine can create gastrointestinal discomfort including bloating, gas and diarrhea. But these effects are not the same for everyone. Therefore, the FDA requires a label statement regarding potential laxative effects for foods that might lead to eating 50 grams of sorbitol in a day. For those following a low Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides And Polyols (FODMAP) diet, food sources of sorbitol are monitored because sorbitol is a type of polyol. FOOD SOURCES OF SORBITOL Sugar alcohols are naturally produced in various plants as a result of photosynthesis. Sorbitol is found naturally in berries like blackberries, raspberries and strawberries, and other fruits such as apples, apricots, avocados, cherries, peaches and plums. In addition to whole foods, sorbitol is commercially produced to help reduce calories from sugars in baked goods, chocolates, frozen desserts, hard candies, sugar-free chewing gum and snack bars. What is sorbitol? Sorbitol, also called D-sorbitol, 50-70-4, E420, and D-glucitol, is a type of carbohydrate. It falls into a category of sugar alcohols called polyols. This water-soluble compound is found naturally in some fruits, including apples, apricots, dates, berries, peaches, plums, and figs (1Trusted Source). It’s also commercially manufactured from corn syrup for use in packaged foods, beverages, and medications. Commercially, sorbitol is used to preserve moisture, add sweetness, and provide texture to products, as well as potentially support digestive and oral health. Benefits and uses Sorbitol is a widely used sugar alcohol for several reasons. First, sugar alcohols are often used in foods and beverages in place of traditional sugar to reduce their calorie content. Sorbitol contains approximately two-thirds of the calories of table sugar and provides about 60% of the sweetness (2). It’s also not fully digested in your small intestine. What remains of the compound from there moves into the large intestine where it’s instead fermented, or broken down by bacteria, resulting in fewer calories being absorbed (3Trusted Source). Second, the sweetener is often added to foods marketed to people with diabetes. That’s because it has very little effect on blood sugar levels when eaten, compared with foods made with traditional sweeteners like table sugar. Third, unlike table sugar, sugar alcohols like sorbitol don’t contribute to the formation of cavities. This is one reason why they’re often used to sweeten sugar-free chewing gum and liquid medications (1Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source). In fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized that sugar alcohols like sorbitol may benefit oral health. This is based on a study that found that sorbitol may reduce cavity risk compared with table sugar, although not to the same extent as other sugar alcohols (5Trusted Source, 6). Lastly, it’s used on its own as a laxative to combat constipation. It’s hyperosmotic, meaning it draws water into the colon from surrounding tissues to promote bowel movements. It can be purchased for this purpose at most grocery and drug stores without a prescription. Side effects and precautions Consuming sorbitol or other sugar alcohols in large amounts can cause bloating and diarrhea in some people, especially if you’re not used to regularly consuming them. This can be an unwelcome result for some, but the desired effect for those using it to promote bowel activity. Fortunately, other side effects from sorbitol appear to be uncommon. The most frequently reported complaint is diarrhea, though it may be accompanied by abdominal cramping or nausea (7Trusted Source, 8Trusted Source). Still, while some laxatives can be habit-forming and shouldn’t be used for prolonged periods, sorbitol is considered a less risky, non-stimulative laxative. That said, given that it works by drawing fluid into your intestines to promote bowel activity, it should only be used as directed (9Trusted Source). Despite its potential side effects, sorbitol has been reviewed and recognized as safe to consume by many global health authorities, including the FDA, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)Trusted Source, and European Union (2, 10Trusted Source). Dosage and how to take it Sorbitol for laxative use can be found both as a rectal enema or liquid solution to be taken orally. You can take it orally with a glass of water or mixed into flavored beverages, with or without food. Recommended dosages vary. Some studies indicate that unwanted side effects are more likely if you consume 10 grams or more per day. Additionally, one study found that malabsorption was more likely with doses of 10 grams — even among healthy individuals (1Trusted Source, 10Trusted Source). The FDA requires that labels on foods that could cause you to consume more than 50 grams daily include the warning: “Excess consumption may have a laxative effect” (12). That’s because taking too much sorbitol can cause severe digestive side effects and electrolyte imbalances, although there’s no evidence that the compound can cause toxicity (7Trusted Source, 10Trusted Source). If you think you’ve taken too much sorbitol and are experiencing significant symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Be prepared to provide information about the dosage and your symptoms, including the timing of their onset. Ultimately, it’s best to follow consumer directions on the packaging. Alternatively, consult your healthcare provider if you have questions about appropriate dosing and usage. Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol found in fruits and plants with diuretic, laxative and cathartic property. Unabsorbed sorbitol retains water in the large intestine through osmotic pressure thereby stimulating peristalsis of the intestine and exerting its diuretic, laxative and cathartic effect. In addition, sorbitol has one-third fewer calories and 60 % the sweetening activity of sucrose and is used as a sugar replacement in diabetes. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) Sorbitol is an odorless colorless solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999) CAMEO Chemicals D-glucitol is the D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). It has a role as a sweetening agent, a laxative, a metabolite, a cathartic, a human metabolite, a food humectant, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a L-glucitol. Molecular Weight of Sorbitol: 182.17 g/mol 2.1 XLogP3 of Sorbitol: -3.1 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Sorbitol: 6 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Sorbitol: 6 Rotatable Bond Count of Sorbitol: 5 Exact Mass of Sorbitol: 182.079038 g/mol 2.1 Monoisotopic Mass of Sorbitol: 182.079038 g/mol 2.1 Topological Polar Surface Area of Sorbitol: 121 Ų Heavy Atom Count of Sorbitol: 12 Formal Charge of Sorbitol: 0 Complexity of Sorbitol: 105 Isotope Atom Count of Sorbitol: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Sorbitol: 4 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Sorbitol: 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Sorbitol: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Sorbitol: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Sorbitol: 1 Compound of Sorbitol Is Canonicalized? Yes

E 420; E420; E-420SORBITOL, N° CAS : 50-70-4 - Sorbitol, Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique, Autres langues : Sorbit, Sorbitolo, Nom INCI : SORBITOL, Nom chimique : D-Glucitol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-061-5; Additif alimentaire : E420, Noms français : D-(-)-SORBITOL; D-GLUCITOL; D-SORBITOL; D-SORBOL; SORBITOL; SORBITOL CRISTAUX. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Additif alimentaire, fabrication de produits alimentaires; D-glucitol; Sorbitol; (2R,3R,4R,5S)-Hexan-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; 1721899 [Beilstein]; 200-061-5 [EINECS]; 50-70-4 [RN]; Cystosol; D-(-)-sorbitol; D-Glucitol ; D-Glucitol [German] ; D-Glucitol [French] ; MFCD00004708 [MDL number]; Resulax; Sorbilax; sorbit; Sorbitol [NF]; Sorbitolum liquidum non cristallisabile ; Sorbitur;Neosorb P 60W; Sorbit D 70; Sorbit DP; Sorbit DP 50; Sorbit L 70; Sorbit S; Sorbit T 70; Sorbit W 70; Sorbit WP; Sorbitol FK; Sorbitol S; Sorbogem 712 (2R,3R,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol; (2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; (2R,3S,4S,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; (2S,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; (4aS,4bR,6aS,10aS,10bS,12aS)-10a,12a-Dimethyltetradecahydro-2H-naphtho[2,1-f]chromen-8(4bH)-one [ACD/IUPAC Name] (−)-sorbitol; 12441-09-7 [RN]; 4656395 [Beilstein]; Cholaxine; clucitol; d(-)-sorbitol; d(-)-sorbitol standard; D-(−)-sorbitol; D-GULITOL; Diakarmon; D-Sorbit; D-Sorbite; D-Sorbitol, NF/FCC grade; D-Sorbitol, Ph. Eur., USP/NF grade; D-SORBITOL-1,1,6,6-D4; D-Sorbol; Dulcite; Dulcitol; d-山梨醇; E 420; E420; E-420; Esasorb; Foodol D 70; Glc-ol; GLO; Glucarine; glucitol; GLUCITOL, D-Glucitol;D-Glucitol;Sorbitol; G-ol; gulitol; Hexahydric alcohol; iso-sorbide; KARION; L-Glucitol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; L-SORBITOL; meglumine ; Multitol; Neosorb; Neosorb P 60; Nivitin; Orbit; Probilagol; Sionit; Sionit K; Sionite; Sionon; Siosan; SOR; Sorban; Sorbelite C; Sorbex M; Sorbex R; Sorbex RP; Sorbex S; Sorbex X; Sorbicolan; Sorbilande; Sorbitan; Sorbite; SORBITOLF; Sorbo; Sorbol; Sorbostryl; Sorbostyl; Sorvilande Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Le sorbitol est un polyol qui se présente sous la forme d'une poudre cristalline blanche et sucrée. Il est utilisé principalement en tant qu'humectant dans les produits d'hygiène dentaire, pour aider la pâte à conserver son aspect fluide après ouverture, mais aussi pour son pouvoir sucrant non cariogène (ne génère pas comme le sucre des caries). On le trouve assez fréquemment pour les mêmes raison dans les crèmes hydratantes. Dans l'alimentaire, on le trouve en tant qu'additif sous la dénomination E420 ou comme édulcorant pour les diabétiques. Industriellement, le Sorbitol est obtenu par exemple, par l'hydrogénation d'un sirop de maïs ou de glucose. On le trouve naturellement présent dans de nombreux fruits comme les prunes, les pommes et les cerises. Ses fonctions (INCI) Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Sorbitol 70 is a chemical compound with the formula C6H14O6.
Sorbitol 70 is a sugar alcohol, also known as a polyol, and it is derived from glucose.
Sorbitol 70 is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste.
The "70" in Sorbitol 70 indicates that it is a 70% solution of sorbitol in water.

CAS Number: 50-70-4
EC Number: 200-061-5



APPLICATIONS



Sorbitol 70 is widely used as a sweetener in food and beverage products, including sugar-free candies, chewing gum, and desserts.
Sorbitol 70 is a common ingredient in diabetic-friendly and reduced-calorie food products due to its low caloric content.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized as a bulking agent and texturizer in various food items, enhancing the mouthfeel and texture.

Sorbitol 70 is employed in the production of sugar-free and low-calorie beverages to provide sweetness without the use of sucrose.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an excipient in oral medications to improve palatability and aid in the formulation of liquid suspensions.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some medical syrups and liquid medications to enhance taste and improve patient compliance, particularly for pediatric patients.
Sorbitol 70 is an essential ingredient in the production of certain frozen desserts, such as sorbets and ice creams, as it helps to prevent the formation of ice crystals.
Sorbitol 70 is employed as a humectant in cosmetic and personal care products, including lotions, creams, and hair care products, to retain moisture and prevent dryness.

Sorbitol 70 is used in some toothpaste formulations to enhance the taste and provide a cooling sensation in the mouth during brushing.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some mouthwashes and oral rinses for its sweetening and cooling properties, enhancing the overall oral care experience.
Sorbitol 70 is used in sugar-free chewing gum to provide a sweet taste and enhance chewability.

Sorbitol 70 is used as a stabilizer in certain food products, such as salad dressings and sauces, to prevent separation and extend shelf life.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in some nutritional supplements and vitamin preparations as a bulking agent and diluent.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some medical lozenges and throat soothers to provide a sweet taste and soothing effect.
Sorbitol 70 is employed as a softening and moisturizing agent in some skincare products, including body lotions, hand creams, and facial moisturizers.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the formulation of some sugar-free syrups and toppings for desserts and breakfast items.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some pet care products, such as pet dental products, for its sweetening and flavor-enhancing properties.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the preparation of certain confectionery products, including mints and breath fresheners, for its cooling effect and sweet taste.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in the production of some dietary supplements and functional foods for its sweetening and texture-enhancing properties.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some personal lubricants and intimate care products for its moisturizing and lubricating effects.
Sorbitol 70 is employed as a plasticizer in some plastics and polymers to improve flexibility and durability.

Sorbitol 70 is used as a raw material in the production of other chemicals, such as ascorbic acid and vitamin C.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in the textile industry as a dyeing and printing assistant due to its ability to improve dye penetration and color fastness.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie bakery products, including cookies and cakes.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in certain cleaning products and detergents for its solubility and emulsifying properties.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some pharmaceutical formulations, including oral suspensions, lozenges, and chewable tablets, to enhance taste and patient acceptance.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in some diabetic-friendly baked goods, such as muffins and pastries, to replace traditional sugar and reduce the glycemic impact.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some sugar-free syrups and toppings for pancakes, waffles, and desserts.
Sorbitol 70 is used as a bulking agent and sweetener in some meal replacement products and dietary supplements.

Sorbitol 70 is employed in some food and cosmetic color formulations as a diluent and carrier for water-soluble dyes.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some sugar-free fruit preserves and spreads for sweetness and texture enhancement.

Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some nutraceutical formulations, including protein bars and energy drinks, for its sweetening and texturizing properties.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some oral care products, such as mouthwashes and breath sprays, for its refreshing and sweetening effects.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in some pharmaceutical gel preparations as a thickener and stabilizer.
Sorbitol 70 is used in certain medicinal lozenges and throat-soothing products for its slow-dissolving and sweetening properties.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized as a binder in some pharmaceutical tablets and granules to enhance cohesion and tablet hardness.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie fruit juices and fruit-flavored beverages.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in the creation of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie alcoholic beverages and mixers.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some pet care products, such as oral rinses and dental chews, for its flavor-enhancing properties.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some pet foods and treats to improve taste and palatability.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie jams, jellies, and marmalades.

Sorbitol 70 is employed as a dispersing agent in some inkjet and dye-sublimation inks for improved color stability and flow.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some herbal and botanical extracts as a solvent and stabilizer.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some pharmaceutical syrups as a sweetening agent and suspension stabilizer.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the formulation of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie soft drinks and carbonated beverages.
Sorbitol 70 is employed as a mold-release agent in some confectionery products, ensuring easy removal from molds.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some nutritional bars and snacks as a bulking agent and to enhance chewability.

Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some canned fruits and fruit fillings as a sweetening and texture-modifying agent.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie yogurt and dairy products.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in some personal care products, such as shaving creams and gels, for its lubricating properties.



DESCRIPTION


Sorbitol 70 is a chemical compound with the formula C6H14O6.
Sorbitol 70 is a sugar alcohol, also known as a polyol, and it is derived from glucose.
Sorbitol 70 is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste.
The "70" in Sorbitol 70 indicates that it is a 70% solution of sorbitol in water.

Sorbitol 70 is a sugar alcohol derived from glucose and naturally occurring in many fruits and plants.
Sorbitol 70 is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste, approximately 60% as sweet as sucrose.

Sorbitol 70 is hygroscopic, meaning it can attract and retain moisture from the surrounding environment.
Sorbitol 70 is highly soluble in water, making it suitable for various liquid formulations.
Sorbitol 70 is non-toxic and has a low caloric value, making it a popular sugar substitute in reduced-calorie and sugar-free products.

Sorbitol 70 is commonly used as a humectant in cosmetic and personal care products to retain moisture and prevent drying.
Sorbitol 70 has a cooling effect on the skin and can provide a soothing sensation when applied topically.
Sorbitol 70 is used as a bulking agent and texture enhancer in various food products, including candies, desserts, and frozen foods.
Sorbitol 70 is a commonly used sweetener in diabetic and low-sugar products due to its low glycemic index.

Sorbitol 70 is often added to oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash to enhance the taste and prevent tooth decay.
Sorbitol 70 is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations to improve the palatability of oral medications.
Sorbitol 70 can be found in some medical syrups and liquid medications to enhance taste and improve patient compliance, especially for children.

Sorbitol 70 is well-tolerated by most individuals and has a low likelihood of causing allergic reactions or intolerance.
Sorbitol 70 has a cooling effect in the mouth and is commonly used as a cooling agent in certain confectionery products like mints and chewing gum.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and low-calorie beverages to provide sweetness without the caloric content of regular sugar.
Sorbitol 70 can act as a stabilizer in some food products, preventing crystallization and extending shelf life.

Sorbitol 70 is known for its ability to improve the texture and mouthfeel of certain food products, providing a smooth and creamy sensation.
Sorbitol 70 is used as a softening and moisturizing agent in some skincare products, particularly in lotions, creams, and body washes.

Sorbitol 70 is sometimes used as a laxative in medical formulations, as it can have a mild osmotic effect on the digestive system.
Sorbitol 70 is produced through the hydrogenation of glucose, resulting in a sugar alcohol with unique properties.
Sorbitol 70 is widely used in the food and beverage industry and is considered safe for consumption by various regulatory authorities.
Sorbitol 70 can be found in various processed foods, dietetic products, and sugar-free gums and candies.

Sorbitol 70 is not readily fermented by oral bacteria, which contributes to its role in preventing tooth decay.
Sorbitol 70 is also utilized in some pharmaceutical formulations as a stabilizer and solvent for certain active ingredients.
Sorbitol 70 is an essential ingredient in various industries due to its sweetening, moisturizing, and texturizing properties, making it a versatile and valuable compound.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: C6H14O6
Molecular Weight: 182.17 g/mol
Appearance: White, odorless, crystalline powder
Taste: Sweet
Melting Point: Approximately 95-100°C (203-212°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 1.49 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol and methanol
Hygroscopicity: Attracts and retains moisture from the atmosphere
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Refractive Index: nD 1.489 - 1.511 at 20°C



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Sorbitol dust or vapor is inhaled and respiratory symptoms occur, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide artificial respiration if trained to do so, and seek immediate medical attention.
Keep the affected person calm and at rest while awaiting medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

If Sorbitol comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.
Avoid using harsh chemicals or solvents for cleaning, as they may worsen skin irritation.
If skin irritation, redness, or rash develops and persists, seek medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

If Sorbitol accidentally gets into the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do so, after the initial rinse.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


Ingestion:

In case of accidental ingestion of Sorbitol, DO NOT induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth gently with water if the person is conscious and not showing signs of aspiration.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


General First Aid Measures:

If the person shows signs of chemical exposure, such as dizziness, headache, or skin irritation, move them to a well-ventilated area and keep them calm and at rest.
If Sorbitol is ingested and the person is conscious, offer small sips of water to dilute the chemical in the stomach.
Avoid direct contact with large amounts of Sorbitol to prevent the risk of aspiration.
If any adverse reactions or symptoms persist, seek immediate medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Sorbitol, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing to prevent direct skin and eye contact.
If working with large quantities or in confined spaces, consider using respiratory protection to avoid inhaling dust or vapors.

Ventilation:
Use Sorbitol in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to prevent the buildup of vapors or dust.
Avoid inhaling dust or vapors by positioning yourself upwind or using fume hoods or ventilation systems.

Avoid Contact with Eyes and Skin:
Avoid contact with eyes and skin.
In case of accidental contact, immediately rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention and remove contaminated clothing.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Sorbitol.
In case of accidental ingestion, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.

Prevent Spills and Contamination:
Handle Sorbitol containers with care to prevent spills or leaks.
Use appropriate equipment, such as funnels or pipettes, to transfer the chemical safely.
Clean up spills promptly using appropriate absorbent materials and dispose of them properly.

No Smoking:
Do not smoke or allow open flames in areas where Sorbitol is handled, as it is combustible.

Wash Hands:
After handling Sorbitol or before eating, wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Sorbitol in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as it may degrade the compound over time.

Moisture:
Protect Sorbitol from moisture, as it can cause caking and degradation of the compound.
Use sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption.

Containers:
Store Sorbitol in tightly closed containers to prevent evaporation and contamination.
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the product name and hazard warnings.

Compatibility:
Store Sorbitol away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents and acids, to prevent potential chemical reactions.

Separation:
Store Sorbitol separately from food, drink, and animal feed to avoid cross-contamination.



SYNONYMS


D-Glucitol
Sorbol
Sorbit
Sorbitolum
D-Sorbitol
Hexahydroxyhexane
L-Gulitol
Sorbogem
Sorbostyl
Casinitol
D-Sorbite
Diakarmon
Glucarine
Gulitol
L-Glucitol
Sorbacal
Sorbex
Sorbide
Sorbitol (from the common name)
Sorvilande
D-Sorbose
Diabetit
D-(-)-Sorbitol
Klysitol
L-Glutinol

(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid; 2-Propenylacrylic acid; alpha-trans-gamma-trans-Sorbic acid; trans,trans-Sorbic acid; Preservastat; Sorbistat; Hexadienoic acid; 1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid; Panosorb; (2-Butenylidene)acetic acid; Crotylidene acetic acid; Acide sorbique; Kyselina 1,3-Pentadien-1-karboxylova; Kyselina sorbova; Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid CAS NO: 110-44-1

sorbitan monooleate; SPAN 80; Sorbitan Monooleate; Sorbitan oleate; Monodehydrosorbitol monooleate; Sorbitan monooleic acid ester; Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate cas no: 1338-43-8

Soy Flour; Soybean flour; Glycine max; Dolichos soja; Glycine angustifolia; Glycine gracilis; Phaseolus max L; Soja hispida Moench; Soja viridis Savi cas no: 68513-95-1