POE (20) sorbitan monostearate; Polysorbate 60; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate; cas no: 9005-67-8

Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate; POE (20) sorbitan monooleate; Polysorbate 80; cas no: 9005-65-6

copolymer peg-140 hexamethylene diisocyanate C12-14 pareth-10; C16-18 pareth-11, and C18-20 pareth-11

POLYVINYL ACETATE; N° CAS : 9003-20-7; Origine(s) : Synthétique; Nom INCI : POLYVINYL ACETATE. Nom chimique : Acetic acid ethenyl ester, homopolymer. Noms français : Acétate de polyvinyle; Polyacétate de vinyle; Polymère d'acétate de vinyle. Noms anglais : ACETIC ACID ETHENYL ESTER, HOMOPOLYMER; ACETIC ACID VINYL ESTER POLYMERS; ACETIC ACID VINYL ESTER, POLYMERS ACETIC ACID, VINYL ESTER, POLYMERS; POLY(VINYL ACETATE); Polyvinyl acetate; POLYVINYL ACETATE RESIN; VINYL ACETATE HOMOPOLYMER; VINYL ACETATE POLYMER; VINYL ACETATE RESIN. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Colle ou adhésif, fabrication de peinture latex. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

INCI name: Polyurethane-39

DESCRIPTION:

POLYURETHANE-39 is a synthetic, aqueous solution of a polyurethane alkoylate polymer.
POLYURETHANE-39 is a colorless to slightly yellowish, clear to slightly opaque liquid with a characteristic low odor.
POLYURETHANE-39 is a pH insensitive non-ionic electrolyte tolerant polyurethane based associative rheology modifier for skin and sun care applications.


POLYURETHANE-39 is an associative thickening agent for skin, sun and hair care preparations that performs across a wide pH range (2-12).

Polyurethane-39 is a copolymer of PEG-140 and hexamethylene diisocyanate end-capped with C12-14 pareth-10, C16-18 pareth-11 and C18-20 pareth-11

Polyurethane-39 (/ˌpɒliˈjʊərəˌθeɪn, -jʊəˈrɛθeɪn/; often abbreviated PUR and PU) refers to a class of polymers composed of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links.
In contrast to other common polymers such as polyethylene and polystyrene, polyurethane is produced from a wide range of starting materials.

Polyurethane-39 variety produces polyurethanes with different chemical structures leading to many different applications.
These include rigid and flexible foams, varnishes and coatings, adhesives, electrical potting compounds, and fibers such as spandex and polyurethane laminate (PUL).

Foams are the largest application accounting for 67% of all polyurethane produced in 2016.

Polyurethane-39 is typically produced by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol.
Since polyurethane-39 contains two types of monomers, which polymerize one after the other, they are classed as alternating copolymers.
Both the isocyanates and polyols used to make a polyurethane-39 contain two or more functional groups per molecule.

Global production in 2019 was 25 million metric tonnes, accounting for about 6% of all polymers produced in that year.
Polyurethane-39 is a commodity plastic.



HISTORY OF POLYURETHANE-39:
Otto Bayer and his coworkers at IG Farben in Leverkusen, Germany, first made polyurethanes in 1937.
The new polymers had some advantages over existing plastics that were made by polymerizing olefins or by polycondensation, and were not covered by patents obtained by Wallace Carothers on polyesters.

Early work focused on the production of fibers and flexible foams and PUs were applied on a limited scale as aircraft coating during World War II.
Polyisocyanates became commercially available in 1952, and production of flexible polyurethane-39 foam began in 1954 by combining toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and polyester polyols.
These materials were also used to produce rigid foams, gum rubber, and elastomers.
Linear fibers were produced from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).

DuPont introduced polyethers, specifically poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, in 1956.
BASF and Dow Chemical introduced polyalkylene glycols in 1957.
Polyether polyols were cheaper, easier to handle and more water-resistant than polyester polyols.

Union Carbide and Mobay, a U.S. Monsanto/Bayer joint venture, also began making polyurethane-39 chemicals.
In 1960 more than 45,000 metric tons of flexible polyurethane-39 foams were produced.
The availability of chlorofluoroalkane blowing agents, inexpensive polyether polyols, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) allowed polyurethane-39 rigid foams to be used as high-performance insulation materials.

In 1967, urethane-modified polyisocyanurate rigid foams were introduced, offering even better thermal stability and flammability resistance.
During the 1960s, automotive interior safety components, such as instrument and door panels, were produced by back-filling thermoplastic skins with semi-rigid foam.

In 1969, Bayer exhibited an all-plastic car in Düsseldorf, Germany.
Parts of this car, such as the fascia and body panels, were manufactured using a new process called reaction injection molding (RIM), in which the reactants were mixed and then injected into a mold.
The addition of fillers, such as milled glass, mica, and processed mineral fibers, gave rise to reinforced RIM (RRIM), which provided improvements in flexural modulus (stiffness), reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion and better thermal stability.

This technology was used to make the first plastic-body automobile in the United States, the Pontiac Fiero, in 1983.
Further increases in stiffness were obtained by incorporating pre-placed glass mats into the RIM mold cavity, also known broadly as resin injection molding, or structural RIM.

Starting in the early 1980s, water-blown microcellular flexible foams were used to mold gaskets for automotive panels and air-filter seals, replacing PVC polymers.
Polyurethane-39 foams are used in many automotive applications including seating, head and arm rests, and headliners.

Polyurethane-39 foam (including foam rubber) is sometimes made using small amounts of blowing agents to give less dense foam, better cushioning/energy absorption or thermal insulation.

In the early 1990s, because of their impact on ozone depletion, the Montreal Protocol restricted the use of many chlorine-containing blowing agents, such as trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11).
By the late 1990s, blowing agents such as carbon dioxide, pentane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) were widely used in North America and the EU, although chlorinated blowing agents remained in use in many developing countries.
Later, HFC-134a was also banned due to high ODP and GWP readings, and HFC - 141B was introduced in early 2000s as an alternate blowing agent in developing nations



CHEMISTRY OF POLYURETHANE-39:
Polyurethanes are produced by reacting diisocyanates with polyols,often in the presence of a catalyst, or upon exposure to ultraviolet light.

Common catalysts include tertiary amines, such as DABCO, or metallic soaps, such as dibutyltin dilaurate.
The stoichiometry of the starting materials must be carefully controlled as excess isocyanate can trimerise, leading to the formation of rigid polyisocyanurates.

The polymer usually has a highly crosslinked molecular structure, resulting in a thermosetting material which does not melt on heating; although some thermoplastic polyurethanes are also produced.

The most common application of polyurethane-39 is as solid foams, which requires the presence of a gas, or blowing agent, during the polymerization step.
This is commonly achieved by adding small amounts of water, which reacts with isocyanates to form CO2 gas and an amine, via an unstable carbamic acid group.
The amine produced can also react with isocyanates to form urea groups, and as such the polymer will contain both these and urethane linkers.
The urea is not very soluble in the reaction mixture and tends to form separate "hard segment" phases consisting mostly of polyurea.

The concentration and organization of these polyurea phases can have a significant impact on the properties of the foam.

The type of foam produced can be controlled by regulating the amount of blowing agent and also by the addition of various surfactants which change the rheology of the polymerising mixture.
Foams can be either "closed-cell", where most of the original bubbles or cells remain intact, or "open-cell", where the bubbles have broken but the edges of the bubbles are stiff enough to retain their shape, in extreme cases reticulated foams can be formed.

Open-cell foams feel soft and allow air to flow through, so they are comfortable when used in seat cushions or mattresses.

Closed-cell foams are used as rigid thermal insulation.
High-density microcellular foams can be formed without the addition of blowing agents by mechanically frothing the polyol prior to use.

These are tough elastomeric materials used in covering car steering wheels or shoe soles.

The properties of a polyurethane-39 are greatly influenced by the types of isocyanates and polyols used to make it.

Long, flexible segments, contributed by the polyol, give soft, elastic polymer.
High amounts of crosslinking give tough or rigid polymers.
Long chains and low crosslinking give a polymer that is very stretchy, short chains with many crosslinks produce a hard polymer while long chains and intermediate crosslinking give a polymer useful for making foam.
The choices available for the isocyanates and polyols, in addition to other additives and processing conditions allow polyurethanes to have the very wide range of properties that make them such widely used polymers.

RAW MATERIALS:
The main ingredients to make polyurethane-39 are di- and tri-isocyanates and polyols.
Other materials are added to aid processing the polymer or to modify the properties of the polymer. PU foam formulation sometimes have water added too.

Isocyanates:
Isocyanates used to make polyurethane-39 have two or more isocyanate groups on each molecule.
The most commonly used isocyanates are the aromatic diisocyanates, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, (MDI).
These aromatic isocyanates are more reactive than aliphatic isocyanates.

TDI and MDI are generally less expensive and more reactive than other isocyanates.
Industrial grade TDI and MDI are mixtures of isomers and MDI often contains polymeric materials. They are used to make flexible foam (for example slabstock foam for mattresses or molded foams for car seats),rigid foam (for example insulating foam in refrigerators) elastomers (shoe soles, for example), and so on.

The isocyanates may be modified by partially reacting them with polyols or introducing some other materials to reduce volatility (and hence toxicity) of the isocyanates, decrease their freezing points to make handling easier or to improve the properties of the final polymers.

MDI isomers and polymer
Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanates are used in smaller quantities, most often in coatings and other applications where color and transparency are important since polyurethanes made with aromatic isocyanates tend to darken on exposure to light.
The most important aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanates are 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), and 4,4′-diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane (H12MDI or hydrogenated MDI).

Other more specialized isocyanates include Tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI).

Polyols:
Polyols are polymers in their own right and have on average two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule.
They can be converted to polyether polyols co-polymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a suitable polyol precursor.

Polyester polyols are made by the polycondensation of multifunctional carboxylic acids and polyhydroxyl compounds.
They can be further classified according to their end use.
Higher molecular weight polyols (molecular weights from 2,000 to 10,000) are used to make more flexible polyurethanes while lower molecular weight polyols make more rigid products.

Polyols for flexible applications use low functionality initiators such as dipropylene glycol (f = 2), glycerine (f = 3), or a sorbitol/water solution (f = 2.75).

Polyols for rigid applications use high functionality initiators such as sucrose (f = 8), sorbitol (f = 6), toluenediamine (f = 4), and Mannich bases (f = 4).
Propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide is added to the initiators until the desired molecular weight is achieved.
The order of addition and the amounts of each oxide affect many polyol properties, such as compatibility, water-solubility, and reactivity.

Polyols made with only propylene oxide are terminated with secondary hydroxyl groups and are less reactive than polyols capped with ethylene oxide, which contain primary hydroxyl groups. Incorporating carbon dioxide into the polyol structure is being researched by multiple companies.

Graft polyols (also called filled polyols or polymer polyols) contain finely dispersed styrene–acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile, or polyurea (PHD) polymer solids chemically grafted to a high molecular weight polyether backbone.

They are used to increase the load-bearing properties of low-density high-resiliency (HR) foam, as well as add toughness to microcellular foams and cast elastomers.

Initiators such as ethylenediamine and triethanolamine are used to make low molecular weight rigid foam polyols that have built-in catalytic activity due to the presence of nitrogen atoms in the backbone.
A special class of polyether polyols, poly(tetramethylene ether) glycols, which are made by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran, are used in high performance coating, wetting and elastomer applications.

Conventional polyester polyols are based on virgin raw materials and are manufactured by the direct polyesterification of high-purity diacids and glycols, such as adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol.
Polyester polyols are usually more expensive and more viscous than polyether polyols, but they make polyurethanes with better solvent, abrasion, and cut resistance.
Other polyester polyols are based on reclaimed raw materials.

They are manufactured by transesterification (glycolysis) of recycled poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) or dimethylterephthalate (DMT) distillation bottoms with glycols such as diethylene glycol.
These low molecular weight, aromatic polyester polyols are used in rigid foam, and bring low cost and excellent flammability characteristics to polyisocyanurate (PIR) boardstock and polyurethane-39 spray foam insulation.

Specialty polyols include polycarbonate polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polybutadiene polyols, and polysulfide polyols.
The materials are used in elastomer, sealant, and adhesive applications that require superior weatherability, and resistance to chemical and environmental attack.

Natural oil polyols derived from castor oil and other vegetable oils are used to make elastomers, flexible bunstock, and flexible molded foam.

Co-polymerizing chlorotrifluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene with vinyl ethers containing hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether produces fluorinated (FEVE) polyols.
Two-component fluorinated polyurethane-39 prepared by reacting FEVE fluorinated polyols with polyisocyanate have been used to make ambient cure paints and coatings.

Since fluorinated polyurethane-39 contain a high percentage of fluorine–carbon bonds, which are the strongest bonds among all chemical bonds, fluorinated polyurethane-39 exhibit resistance to UV, acids, alkali, salts, chemicals, solvents, weathering, corrosion, fungi and microbial attack.

These have been used for high performance coatings and paints.

Phosphorus-containing polyols are available that become chemically bonded to the polyurethane-39 matrix for the use as flame retardants.

Bio-derived materials:
Interest in sustainable "green" products raised interest in polyols derived from vegetable oils.

Various oils used in the preparation polyols for polyurethanes include soybean, cotton seed, neem seed, and castor.
Vegetable oils are functionalized by various ways and modified to polyetheramide, polyethers, alkyds, etc.
Renewable sources used to prepare polyols may be dimer fatty acids or fatty acids.

Some biobased and isocyanate-free polyurethanes exploit the reaction between polyamines and cyclic carbonates to produce polyhydroxurethanes.

Chain extenders and cross linkers:
Chain extenders (f = 2) and cross linkers (f ≥ 3) are low molecular weight hydroxyl and amine terminated compounds that play an important role in the polymer morphology of polyurethane-39 fibers, elastomers, adhesives, and certain integral skin and microcellular foams.
The elastomeric properties of these materials are derived from the phase separation of the hard and soft copolymer segments of the polymer, such that the urethane hard segment domains serve as cross-links between the amorphous polyether (or polyester) soft segment domains.

This phase separation occurs because the mainly nonpolar, low melting soft segments are incompatible with the polar, high melting hard segments.
The soft segments, which are formed from high molecular weight polyols, are mobile and are normally present in coiled formation, while the hard segments, which are formed from the isocyanate and chain extenders, are stiff and immobile.
Because the hard segments are covalently coupled to the soft segments, they inhibit plastic flow of the polymer chains, thus creating elastomeric resiliency.

Upon mechanical deformation, a portion of the soft segments are stressed by uncoiling, and the hard segments become aligned in the stress direction.
This reorientation of the hard segments and consequent powerful hydrogen bonding contributes to high tensile strength, elongation, and tear resistance values.
The choice of chain extender also determines flexural, heat, and chemical resistance properties.

The most important chain extenders are ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO or BDO), 1,6-hexanediol, cyclohexane dimethanol and hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQEE).

All of these glycols form polyurethanes that phase separate well and form well defined hard segment domains, and are melt processable.
They are all suitable for thermoplastic polyurethanes with the exception of ethylene glycol, since its derived bis-phenyl urethane undergoes unfavorable degradation at high hard segment levels.

Diethanolamine and triethanolamine are used in flex molded foams to build firmness and add catalytic activity.
Diethyltoluenediamine is used extensively in RIM, and in polyurethane-39 and polyurea elastomer formulations.

Polyurethane-39 catalysts can be classified into two broad categories, basic and acidic amine.
Tertiary amine catalysts function by enhancing the nucleophilicity of the diol component.

Alkyl tin carboxylates, oxides and mercaptides oxides function as mild Lewis acids in accelerating the formation of polyurethane-39.
As bases, traditional amine catalysts include triethylenediamine (TEDA, also called DABCO, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), and bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, a blowing catalyst also called A-99.
A typical Lewis acidic catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate.
The process is highly sensitive to the nature of the catalyst and is also known to be autocatalytic.

Factors affecting catalyst selection include balancing three reactions: urethane (polyol+isocyanate, or gel) formation, the urea (water+isocyanate, or "blow") formation, or the isocyanate trimerization reaction (e.g., using potassium acetate, to form isocyanurate rings).
A variety of specialized catalysts have been developed.

Surfactants:
Surfactants are used to modify the characteristics of both foam and non-foam polyurethane-39 polymers.
They take the form of polydimethylsiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers, silicone oils, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and other organic compounds.

In foams, they are used to emulsify the liquid components, regulate cell size, and stabilize the cell structure to prevent collapse and sub-surface voids.
In non-foam applications they are used as air release and antifoaming agents, as wetting agents, and are used to eliminate surface defects such as pin holes, orange peel, and sink marks.

PRODUCTION OF POLYURETHANE-39:
Polyurethanes are produced by mixing two or more liquid streams.
The polyol stream contains catalysts, surfactants, blowing agents (when making polyurethane-39 foam insulation) and so on.
The two components are referred to as a polyurethane-39 system, or simply a system.

The isocyanate is commonly referred to in North America as the 'A-side' or just the 'iso'.
The blend of polyols and other additives is commonly referred to as the 'B-side' or as the 'poly'.
This mixture might also be called a 'resin' or 'resin blend'.

In Europe the meanings for 'A-side' and 'B-side' are reversed.

Resin blend additives may include chain extenders, cross linkers, surfactants, flame retardants, blowing agents, pigments, and fillers.
Polyurethane-39 can be made in a variety of densities and hardnesses by varying the isocyanate, polyol or additives.

Health and safety:
Fully reacted polyurethane-39 polymer is chemically inert.
No exposure limits have been established in the U.S. by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) or ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists).
It is not regulated by OSHA for carcinogenicity.

Polyurethanes are combustible.
Decomposition from fire can produce significant amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, in addition to nitrogen oxides, isocyanates, and other toxic products.
Because of the flammability of the material, it has to be treated with flame retardants (at least in case of furniture), almost all of which are considered harmful.


California later issued Technical Bulletin 117 2013 which allowed most polyurethane-39 foam to pass flammability tests without the use of flame retardants.
Green Science Policy Institute states: "Although the new standard can be met without flame retardants, it does NOT ban their use.
Consumers who wish to reduce household exposure to flame retardants can look for a TB117-2013 tag on furniture, and verify with retailers that products do not contain flame retardants."


Liquid resin blends and isocyanates may contain hazardous or regulated components.
Isocyanates are known skin and respiratory sensitizers.
Additionally, amines, glycols, and phosphate present in spray polyurethane-39 foams present risks.

Exposure to chemicals that may be emitted during or after application of polyurethane-39 spray foam (such as isocyanates) are harmful to human health and therefore special precautions are required during and after this process.

In the United States, additional health and safety information can be found through organizations such as the Polyurethane Manufacturers Association (PMA) and the Center for the Polyurethanes Industry (CPI), as well as from polyurethane-39 system and raw material manufacturers.

Regulatory information can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 (Food and Drugs) and Title 40 (Protection of the Environment).
In Europe, health and safety information is available from ISOPA, the European Diisocyanate and Polyol Producers Association.

Manufacturing:
The methods of manufacturing polyurethane-39 finished goods range from small, hand pour piece-part operations to large, high-volume bunstock and boardstock production lines.

Regardless of the end-product, the manufacturing principle is the same: to meter the liquid isocyanate and resin blend at a specified stoichiometric ratio, mix them together until a homogeneous blend is obtained, dispense the reacting liquid into a mold or on to a surface, wait until it cures, then demold the finished part.

Dispensing equipment:
Although the capital outlay can be high, it is desirable to use a meter-mix or dispense unit for even low-volume production operations that require a steady output of finished parts.
Dispense equipment consists of material holding (day) tanks, metering pumps, a mix head, and a control unit.
Often, a conditioning or heater–chiller unit is added to control material temperature in order to improve mix efficiency, cure rate, and to reduce process variability.
Choice of dispense equipment components depends on shot size, throughput, material characteristics such as viscosity and filler content, and process control.


Material day tanks may be single to hundreds of gallons in size and may be supplied directly from drums, IBCs (intermediate bulk containers, such as totes), or bulk storage tanks.
They may incorporate level sensors, conditioning jackets, and mixers.
Pumps can be sized to meter in single grams per second up to hundreds of pounds per minute.
They can be rotary, gear, or piston pumps, or can be specially hardened lance pumps to meter liquids containing highly abrasive fillers such as chopped or hammer-milled glass fiber and wollastonite

The pumps can drive low-pressure (10 to 30 bar, 1 to 3 MPa) or high-pressure (125 to 250 bar, 12.5 to 25.0 MPa) dispense systems.
Mix heads can be simple static mix tubes, rotary-element mixers, low-pressure dynamic mixers, or high-pressure hydraulically actuated direct impingement mixers.

Control units may have basic on/off and dispense/stop switches, and analogue pressure and temperature gauges, or may be computer-controlled with flow meters to electronically calibrate mix ratio, digital temperature and level sensors, and a full suite of statistical process control software.
Add-ons to dispense equipment include nucleation or gas injection units, and third or fourth stream capability for adding pigments or metering in supplemental additive packages.


Tooling:
Distinct from pour-in-place, bun and boardstock, and coating applications, the production of piece parts requires tooling to contain and form the reacting liquid.
The choice of mold-making material is dependent on the expected number of uses to end-of-life (EOL), molding pressure, flexibility, and heat transfer characteristics.

RTV silicone is used for tooling that has an EOL in the thousands of parts.
It is typically used for molding rigid foam parts, where the ability to stretch and peel the mold around undercuts is needed.
The heat transfer characteristic of RTV silicone tooling is poor.
High-performance, flexible polyurethane-39 elastomers are also used in this way.


Epoxy, metal-filled epoxy, and metal-coated epoxy is used for tooling that has an EOL in the tens of thousands of parts.
It is typically used for molding flexible foam cushions and seating, integral skin and microcellular foam padding, and shallow-draft RIM bezels and fascia.
The heat transfer characteristic of epoxy tooling is fair; the heat transfer characteristic of metal-filled and metal-coated epoxy is good.
Copper tubing can be incorporated into the body of the tool, allowing hot water to circulate and heat the mold surface.

Aluminum is used for tooling that has an EOL in the hundreds of thousands of parts.
It is typically used for molding microcellular foam gasketing and cast elastomer parts, and is milled or extruded into shape.

Mirror-finish stainless steel is used for tooling that imparts a glossy appearance to the finished part. The heat transfer characteristic of metal tooling is excellent.

Finally, molded or milled polypropylene is used to create low-volume tooling for molded gasket applications.
Instead of many expensive metal molds, low-cost plastic tooling can be formed from a single metal master, which also allows greater design flexibility.

The heat transfer characteristic of polypropylene tooling is poor, which must be taken into consideration during the formulation process.

Applications:
In 2007, the global consumption of polyurethane-39 raw materials was above 12 million metric tons, and the average annual growth rate was about 5%.
Revenues generated with PUR on the global market are expected to rise to approximately US$75 billion by 2022.

Degradation and environmental fate:
Effects of visible light:
Polyurethane-39 foam made with an aromatic isocyanate, which has been exposed to UV light.
Readily apparent is the discoloration that occurs over time.

Wikinews has related news:
Polyurethane-39 plastic substitute can biodegrade in seawater, say scientists
Polyurethanes, especially those made using aromatic isocyanates, contain chromophores that interact with light.

This is of particular interest in the area of polyurethane-39 coatings, where light stability is a critical factor and is the main reason that aliphatic isocyanates are used in making polyurethane-39 coatings. When PU foam, which is made using aromatic isocyanates, is exposed to visible light, it discolors, turning from off-white to yellow to reddish brown.

It has been generally accepted that apart from yellowing, visible light has little effect on foam properties.[48][49] This is especially the case if the yellowing happens on the outer portions of a large foam, as the deterioration of properties in the outer portion has little effect on the overall bulk properties of the foam itself.

It has been reported that exposure to visible light can affect the variability of some physical property test results.

Higher-energy UV radiation promotes chemical reactions in foam, some of which are detrimental to the foam structure.

Hydrolysis and biodegradation:
Polyurethanes may degrade due to hydrolysis.
This is a common problem with shoes left in a closet, and reacting with moisture in the air.

Microbial degradation of polyurethane-39 is believed to be due to the action of esterase, urethanase, hydrolase and protease enzymes.
The process is slow as most microbes have difficulty moving beyond the surface of the polymer. Susceptibility to fungi is better due to their release of extracellular enzymes, which are more able to permeate the polymer matrix.
Two species of the Ecuadorian fungus Pestalotiopsis are capable of biodegrading polyurethane-39 in aerobic and anaerobic conditions such as found at the bottom of landfills.
Degradation of polyurethane-39 items at museums has been reported.
Polyester-type polyurethane-39’s are more easily biodegraded by fungus than polyether-type













SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYURETHANE-39:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

POLYVEST OC 800 S POLYVEST OC 800 S is a maleic anhydride adduct of polybutadiene. It is used as crosslinker component in 2-component adhesives and sealants. It possesses good electrical insulator and freezing temperatures resisting properties. POLYVEST OC 800 S provides an alternative to isocyanate crosslinking. Product Type Synthetic Rubbers > Polybutadienes Chemical Composition Polybutadiene Physical Form Liquid Colorant used for concrete protection, corrosion protection, floor coatings, industrial coatings, maintenance coatings, marine and container coatings, road marking systems, wood/furniture coatings, metal/furniture coatings and pigment concentrates. Product Type Color Pigments & Dyes Product Status AVAILABILITY NOT CONFIRMED * Applications/ Recommended for Coatings > UV / Radiation Curing Coatings Markets > Pigment concentrates Coatings Markets > Transportation > Road marking Coatings Markets > Wood & Furniture Coatings Coatings Markets > Metals Coatings Markets > Flooring Coatings Markets > General Industrial /Maintenance Coatings Markets > Marine /Anti-Corrosive / Protective > Concrete Notes: POLYVEST OC 800 S is a maleic anhydride adduct of a low molecular weight cis-1.4-polybutadiene. This polybutadiene adduct has succinic anhydride groups randomly distributed along the polymer chains. This makes the originally apolar polybutadiene more polar and thus accessible for various chemical reactions. POLYVEST OC 800 S is a good electrical insulator and can resist freezing temperatures. It is also soluble in aliphatics, aromatics, ethers and compatible with long-oil alkyd resins, rosin esters and zinc resinates. Available Properties Density, DIN 51 757 Iodine Absorption Number, DIN 53 241, g of Iod/ 100g Viscosity, DIN EN ISO 3219 Molecular Weight, Vapor Pressure Osmometry Molecular Weight, GPC Total Acid Number, DIN EN ISO 2114 Pour Point, DIN ISO 3016 Flash Point, DIN EN ISO 2719 Ignition Temperature, DIN 51 794 Gardner Color Number, DIN ISO 4630 POLYVEST OC 800 S is a maleic anhydride adduct of a low molecular weight cis-1.4-polybutadiene. This polybutadiene adduct has succinic anhydride groups randomly distributed along the polymer chains Product Type Resin > Polybutadienes Applications Polymers industry Chemical Composition Polybutadiene Advantages polar accessible for various chemical reactions good electrical insulator can resist freezing temperatures soluble in aliphatics, aromatics, ethers compatible with long-oil alkyd resins,rosin esters and zinc resinates Other Applications electrical insulator Appearance Properties Color <2.5 Gardner DIN ISO 4630 Physical Properties Molecular weight 2200 - 2600 g/mol GPC Pour point -25.0 ºC DIN ISO 3016 Molecular weight 1800 - 2400 g/mol Vapor Pressure Osmometry Viscosity 6000 - 9000 cP DIN EN ISO 3219@Temperature 20.0 °C Density 0.950 g/ml DIN 51 757@Temperature 20.0 °C Flash point 360 ºC DIN 51 794 Thermal Properties flash point 300 ºC DIN EN ISO 2719 Chemical Properties Iodine Value 380 - 420 g of Iod/ 100g; DIN 53 241 Acidity number 70 - 90 mg KOH/g DIN EN ISO 2114 POLYVEST OC 800 S is a maleic anhydride adduct of a low molecular weight cis-1.4-polybutadiene. This polybutadiene adduct has succinic anhydride groups randomly distributed along the polymer chains. This makes the originally apolar polybutadiene more polar and thus accessible for various chemical reactions. POLYVEST OC 800 S is a good electrical insulator and can resist freezing temperatures. It is also soluble in aliphatics, aromatics, ethers and compatible with long-oil alkyd resins,rosin esters and zinc resinates. POLYVEST® - non-functionalized liquid polybutadienes POLYVEST® MA - maleic anhydride-functionalized liquid polybutadienes POLYVEST® HT - hydroxyl-terminated liquid polybutadienes POLYVEST® ST - silane-terminated liquid polybutadienes Our non-functionalized products differ in molar mass and viscosity. The MA-functionalized products are adducts of linear polybutadiene and maleic anhydride and differ in maleic anhydride content and viscosity. The anhydride groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chains and thus make the originally apolar polybutadiene more polar and accessible for various chemical reactions. The hydroxyl-terminated product is an alpha-omega-terminated diol of polybutadiene manufactured by radical polymerisation process. In addition to the double bonds in the polymer backbone, the hydroxyl functional groups provide opportunities for precise chemical modifications. The silane-terminated products represent a new generation of functionalized liquid rubber additives. They combine the advantages of liquid rubbers and functional silanes. Their silane functionalities allow the surface modification of hydrophilic silica fillers and therefore improve the dispersibility of silica in rubber compounds. Due to its rubber-based nature POLYVEST® ST exhibits a natural fit and excellent compatibility to rubber matrix of tire compounds. POLYVEST® ST is available in three different grades with varying degree of silanization, which allows to optimize the silane/rubber ratio depending on the individual performance needs. YOUR BENEFITS The microstructure of our POLYVEST® grades makes them a highly reactive and cross-linking binder and provides them with properties including: - excellent chemical resistance - high water resistance - very good electrical insulation - very good cold-resistance - low moisture and oxygen permeability MARKETS & APPLICATIONS POLYVEST® grades are used in adhesives and sealants for: Automotive applications (e.g. tires, head lamps, sound damper, body & paint shop sealer) Coatings (e.g. air drying improver of vegetable oils, defoamers, impregnations, modifier in resin systems) Construction (e.g. insulated glass sealants, binder of dusty and dry quarz sand, binder for soil stabilization, modifier of silicone sealants) Electronics (e.g. electronical insulations and potting compounds) Plastics (e.g. cell opener for PU-foam, release agents for PU-foam) Polymer modification (e.g. chlorinated rubbers, electrocoatings) Printing & inks (e.g. offset printing inks, polymer printing plates) Rubber (e.g. binder for recycled rubber compounds, modifier in carbon black filled EPDM compounds, plasticizer in rubber compounds)

POLYVINYL ACETATE = PVA


CAS Number: 9003-20-7
EC Number: 203-545-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084457
Linear Formula: [CH2CH(O2CCH3)]n


Polyvinyl Acetate is a homopolymer of Vinyl Acetate.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a synthetic resin prepared by the polymerization of vinyl acetate.
Polyvinyl Acetate is an Organic polymer prepared by treating its monomer, vinyl acetate, with peroxide catalysts.
Polyvinyl Acetate has a chemical formula of (C4H6O2)n.
Polyvinyl Acetate is the polymer of the unstable monomer vinyl acetate.


In the form of Polyvinyl Acetate, it is used to manufacture dispersions; in the form of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), is it found in protective films for mobile phones and LCD televisions; in the form of Polyvinyl butyral (PVB), it plays an important role in the production of composite safety glass for the automotive industry; and in the form of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) it is used in the manufacture of flip flop sandals and shower curtains.
Polyvinyl Acetate’s an aliphatic rubbery synthetic polymer which belongs to the polyvinyl ester family.


Polyvinyl Acetate can often time be confused with polyvinyl alcohol since base hydrolysis can convert polyvinyl acetate to polyvinyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Polyvinyl Acetate is prepared by the polymerization of the vinyl acetate monomer, through free radical vinyl polymerization of the vinyl acetate monomer.
Polyvinyl Acetate is one of those low-profile polymers, unlike polyethylene or polystyrene.


Polyvinyl Acetatemolecule likes to hide and can usually be found between 2 pieces of wood or paper glued together.
The reason for this is because Polyvinyl Acetate is the glue/adhesive between wood and paper.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a synthetic resin prepared by the polymerization of vinyl acetate.
Polyvinyl Acetateis normally made through the free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate, which is also a polymer.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a rubbery synthetic polymer.


Polyvinyl Acetate is prepared by polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer, also referred to as VAM.
Polyvinyl Acetate was discovered in Germany by Dr. Fritz Klatte in 1912.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a polymer composed of repeating acetoxyethylene units.
Polyvinyl acetate is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer as it has hydrolyzable groups in the side chain, also Polyvinyl acetate is non-toxic and non-carcinogenic.


The degree of polymerization of polyvinyl acetate typically is 100 to 5000.
The ester groups of the polyvinyl acetate are sensitive to base hydrolysis and will slowly convert Polyvinyl acetate into polyvinyl alcohol and acetic acid.
Under alkaline conditions, boron compounds such as boric acid or borax cause the polymer to cross-link, forming tackifying precipitates or slime.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a vinyl polymer, as if you couldn't guess from the name.


Polyvinyl Acetate's made by free radical vinyl polymerization of the monomer vinyl acetate.
In order for a Polyvinyl Acetate glue to form as strong an adhesive bond as possible, the user should work at room temperature, ensure good air circulation, and put pressure on the materials being glued together, such as by using clamps.
This type of adhesive is not suitable for use in places where it will be exposed to moisture or water.
Polyvinyl Acetate should also not be allowed to freeze, because this will make the glue lose its ability to form a strong bond.


Polyvinyl Acetate, or PVA for short, is one of those low-profile behind-the-scenes polymers.
Polyvinyl Acetate isn't blatantly obvious where it's found, as is the case with polyethylene or polystyrene.
Polyvinyl Acetate likes to hide.
But Polyvinyl Acetate's everywhere, if you're willing to look for it.
Polyvinyl Acetate's a polymer that rewards one who is willing to look beyond the surface.


One place Polyvinyl Acetate can be found hiding is between two pieces of wood that are glued together.
An aliphatic rubbery synthetic polymer with the formula (C4H6O2)n, Polyvinyl Acetate belongs to the polyvinyl ester family, with the general formula −[RCOOCHCH2]−.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a type of thermoplastic.
The degree of polymerization of Polyvinyl Acetate is typically 100 to 5000, while its ester groups are sensitive to base hydrolysis and slowly convert PVAc into polyvinyl alcohol and acetic acid.


The glass transition temperature of Polyvinyl Acetate is between 30 and 45 °C depending on the molecular weight.
A number of microorganisms can degrade Polyvinyl Acetate.
Most commonly, damage is caused by filamentous fungi; however, algae, yeasts, lichens, and bacteria can also degrade polyvinyl acetate.
Polyvinyl acetate was discovered in Germany in 1912 by Fritz Klatte.
Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) is a synthetic resin prepared by the polymerization of vinyl acetate.


When Polyvinyl Acetate is incorporated into emulsion coatings and adhesives, it is normally converted to polyvinyl alcohol first, which is a water-soluble polymer.
This is done by means of partial hydrolysis.
The result is stronger and more durable than if the compound had been isolated and used in its raw form.
Polyvinyl acetate, which is also commonly referred to as “PVA” or “PVAc,” tends to be quite flexible and has a strong binding capability, which is one of the main reasons it’s so popular in products like glue.


Polyvinyl Acetate is made from vinyl acetate, and has the chemical formula of (C4H6O2)n.
Polyvinyl Acetate is primarily a synthetic resin polymer.
Due Polyvinyl Acetate's non-polar nature, it tends to be insoluble in water, oils, fats, or gasoline.
This makes Polyvinyl Acetate very durable.
On the other hand, Polyvinyl Acetate is soluble in alcohols, ketones, and esters, so this durability isn’t without its limits.


Practically speaking, this means that the polymer won’t erode or get weaker when wet, but it probably shouldn’t be exposed to alcohol or related chemicals, at least not for long periods of time.
Polyvinyl Acetate has a molar mass of 86.09 grams per mole (g/mol). The ester groups in Polyvinyl Acetate's structural lattice make it reactive with alkalis, and leads to the formation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAL) and acetic acid (CH3COOH).


Boron compounds like borax and boric acid also react with the polymer under alkaline settings, leading to the formation of a complex borate-slime-precipitate.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a homopolymer that is produced by the reaction of vinyl acetate monomer with water, polyvinyl alcohol and catalysts.
Polyvinyl Acetate is used as a raw material in water based adhesives sector.
They are white colored and become transparent when dry.
They are soluble in water.


Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc, PVA) is an atactic, highly branched, and noncrystalline thermoplastic, prepared by conventional free-radical polymerization.
Polyvinyl acetate has good resistance to UV and oxidation, but is rather brittle below its Tg (ca. 35°C) and very sticky above it.
Polyvinyl acetateemulsions are produced on a very large scale.


They are inexpensive and possess good adhesion to many porous substrates, but are not effective on non-porous surfaces.
They are one of the main ingredients of water based glues, commonly referred to as wood glue, carpenter's glue, Elmer's glue (USA), or white glue.
As wood glue Polyvinyl Acetate is known as "white glue" and the yellow "carpenter's glue" or PVA glue.
Polyvinyl acetate is also the raw material to make other polymers like:


Polyvinyl alcohol -[HOCHCH2]-:
Polyvinyl acetate is partially or completely hydrolysed to give polyvinyl alcohol.
This reversible saponification and esterification reaction was a strong hint for Hermann Staudinger in the formulation of his theory of macro molecules.
Polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP): Polyvinyl acetate is partially hydrolyzed and then esterified with phthalic acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYVINYL ACETATE:
Cosmetic Uses of Polyvinyl Acetate: antistatic agents, binding agents, emulsion stabilisers, and film formers
Polyvinyl Acetate's most important application is serving as the film-forming ingredient in water-based (latex) paints; Polyvinyl Acetate also is used in adhesives.
Polyvinyl Acetate can also be used to protect cheese from fungi and humidity.


Polyvinyl Acetate uses and applications include: Binder in paints; adhesives for food packaging, paper, wood, glass, and metals; primer sealers; dry wall cement; intermediate for conversion to polyvinyl alcohol and acetals; component of lacquers, inks; paper coatingsizing; textile stiffeningfinishing; nonwoven fabric bindersizing; suspending agent in PVC manufacturing; dispersant; stabilizer; diluent in food colorants; antistat, binder, emulsion stabilizer, film-former in cosmetics; binder, emulsion stabilizer, film-former for oral pharmaceuticals; masticatory in chewing gums; in food-contact coatings; in paperpaperboard in contact with aqueousfattydry foods; in cellophane for food packaging; in food-contact textiles; used in oil well cementing applications for fluid loss control, rheology modification, and improved bonding


As an emulsion in water, Polyvinyl Acetate is sold as an adhesive for porous materials, particularly wood, paper, and cloth.
Polyvinyl Acetate is the most commonly used wood glue, both as "white glue" and the yellow "carpenter's glue."
Polyvinyl Acetate is widely used in bookbinding and book arts due to its flexibility, and because it is non-acidic, unlike many other polymers.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a common copolymer with more expensive acrylics, used extensively in paper, paint and industrial coatings, referred to as vinyl acrylics.


Polyvinyl Acetate is slowly attacked by alkali, forming acetic acid as a hydrolysis product.
Boron compounds like boric acid or borax will form tackifying precipitates by causing the polymer to cross-link.
Polyvinyl Acetate is also commonly recommended for use in making leather handcrafted works and papier-mâché.
Polyvinyl Acetate, (C4H6O2)n, serves as the film-forming ingredient in water-based (latex) paints; Polyvinyl Acetate also is used in adhesives and glues, such as Elmer's Glue.


Partial or complete hydrolysis of the polymer is used to prepare polyvinyl alcohol.
Hydroylized alcohol product is typically in the 87% to 99% range (converted PVA).
Polyvinyl Acetate is the basic ingredient in numerous products in our daily lives.
Other fields of application include as binding agents in the construction and the paints and varnishes industries.
Polyvinyl Acetateis a thermoplastic material which is primarily used in dissolved form and for coating.


Polyvinyl Acetateis a component of adhesives, adhesive tapes and carpet coatings.
Since Polyvinyl Acetate is considered to be harmless, it is also used to coat cheese rinds and sausage casings.
Polyvinyl Acetate coats can also be produced by means of plasma polymerisation and have a hydrophiliceffect.
A thermoplastic resin based on Polyvinyl Acetate homopolymers is used for the production of paints, varnishes, sizes, etc.


Polyvinyl Acetate is soluble in alcohols, esters, ketones, toluene and chlorinated hydrocarbons, and is particularly suitable for the consolidation and heat-sizing of archaeological finds and ceramics.
Polyvinyl Acetate, a synthetic resin prepared by the polymerization of vinyl acetate has good potential as an edible coating.
Polyvinyl Acetate coatings had high gloss, even after immersion of coated surfaces in water.


The primary advantages of using Polyvinyl Acetate as an edible coating are its unique combination of properties and its low cost has been already used in pharmaceutical coatings and as an ingredient in chewing gum.
Polyvinyl Acetate mainly used in pharmaceutical coatings and as an ingredient in chewing gum.
Polyvinyl Acetate is used in pharmaceutical coatings as an ingredient in chewing gum.


Owing to Polyvinyl acetate's biologically friendly nature , it is used in various biomedical application such as artificial organ implant, contact lens,cardiovascular devices and cartilage skin.
Polyvinyl acetate is also used in wound dressing and various drug-delivery applications.
Polyvinyl acetate has been accepted as reference standard for universal calibration in gel permeation chromatography.


Polyvinyl acetate is used as an adhesive for porous materials such as wood, paper, cloth and in handicrafts.
Polyvinyl acetate also finds application as a primer for drywall, as wallpaper adhesive, as the film-forming ingredient in water-based (latex) paints and as an envelope adhesive.
Polyvinyl acetate is used as a raw material for the preparation of other polymers like polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP).


Polyvinyl acetate plays an important role in the lamination of metal foils.
Polyvinyl Acetate is used drug delivery, hemodynamics, wound dressing, coatings.
As an emulsion in water, Polyvinyl Acetate emulsions are used as adhesives for porous materials, particularly for wood, paper, and cloth, and as a consolidant for porous building stone, in particular sandstone .


Polyvinyl Acetate is used to make wood glues, as well as other adhesives.
Paper and textiles often have coatings made of Polyvinyl Acetate and other ingredients to make them shiny.
As a dispersion in water (usually an emulsion), Polyvinyl Acetate preparations are used as adhesives for porous materials, particularly for wood, paper, and cloth, and as a consolidant for porous building stone, in particular sandstone.


As wood glue, Polyvinyl Acetate is known as "white glue" and the yellow as "carpenter's glue".
Polyvinyl Acetate is used as paper adhesive during paper packaging conversion.
Polyvinyl Acetate is used in bookbinding and book arts, due to its flexible strong bond and non-acidic nature (unlike many other polymers).
The use of Polyvinyl Acetate on the Archimedes Palimpsest during the 20th century greatly hindered the task of disbinding the book and preserving and imaging the pages in the early 21st century, in part because the glue was stronger than the parchment it held together.


Polyvinyl Acetate is used, In handicrafts.
Polyvinyl Acetate is used as envelope adhesive, wallpaper adhesive, a primer for drywall and other substrates, a gum base in chewing gum, an adhesive for cigarette paper, and the coating layer on Gouda cheese.
The stiff homopolymer Polyvinyl Acetate, but mostly the softer copolymer, is used a combination of vinyl acetate and ethylene, vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE).


Polyvinyl Acetate is also used in paper coatings, paint and other industrial coatings, as a binder in nonwovens in glass fibers, sanitary napkins, filter paper and in textile finishing.
Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA, PVAc, poly(ethenyl ethanoate)), commonly known as wood glue, PVA glue, white glue, carpenter's glue, school glue, is a widely available adhesive used for porous materials like wood, paper, and cloth.
In its most important application, Polyvinyl Acetate serves as the film-forming ingredient in water-based (latex) paints; Polyvinyl Acetate also is used in adhesives.


Polyvinyl Acetate can be processed directly into latex paints, in which it forms a strong, flexible, adherent film.
Polyvinyl Acetate can also be made into a common household adhesive known as white glue or Elmer’s glue.
When employed in coatings or adhesives, Polyvinyl Acetate is often partially hydrolyzed to a water-soluble polymer known as polyvinyl alcohol.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a thermoplastic polymer commonly used in glues, paint, and a number of industrial adhesives.
Polymers are essentially large molecules linked together in such a way that they are very strong and durable.


Most plastics and synthetic materials contain them.
Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) exhibits a visco-elastic nature between 0-50°C, the temperature bandwidth most suitable for sound damping.
One of the most important uses of Polyvinyl acetate adhesives is in the packaging industry.
Polyvinyl acetate is used as an inexpensive, low-toxic, and no odor adhesive to bond and seal high energy surfaces such as paper, corrugated carton, cotton, and wood, to name only a few.


Polyvinyl acetate is often preferred over other types of adhesives because of its low cost, good stability to light, and its resistance to unappealing yellowing.
Polyvinyl acetate finds additional uses as a plasticizer and thickener for paints, textile finishes, plastics, cement, and chewing gum.
Polyvinyl acetate is noticeably cheaper than acrylic resins (approximately half the cost) and is therefore often added to acrylic latex paints to lower cost.


However, the best exterior water-based paints are 100 percent acrylic due to elasticity and other factors.
Because of its water sensitivity, (unmodified) polyvinyl acetate is generally viewed as inappropriate for exterior uses.
Polyvinyl acetate is used as paper adhesive during paper packaging converting
In bookbinding and book arts, due to Polyvinyl acetate's flexible strong bond and non-acidic nature (unlike many other polymers).


The stiff homopolymer Polyvinyl acetate, but mostly the more soft copolymer a combination of vinyl acetate and ethylene, vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE).
Polyvinyl acetate is used also in paper coatings, paint and other industrial coatings, as binder in nonwovens in glass fibers, sanitary napkins, filter paper and in textile finishing.
Polyvinyl acetate can also be used as coating to protect cheese from fungi and humidity.


-Coatings:
Formulations incorporating Polyvinyl Acetate resins exhibit excellent resistance to oil and grease, reduced water vapour permeability, and enhanced durability.


-Use in Glues:
One of the most common places to find Polyvinyl Acetate is in glues.
Polyvinyl acetate was first discovered by a German scientist Dr. Fritz Klatte in 1912 as a binding agent, and ever since that time it has been used in a variety of settings involving porous materials like wood and paper.
Many different types of adhesives, from regular craft glues to construction solvents, depend at least in part on this polymer to be as strong as they are.
Polyvinyl Acetate is also widely used for the production of general adhesives, which are more commonly known as carpenter's or white glue.
A close examination of the ingredient list of most household adhesives will show Polyvinyl Acetate in some form.


-Industrial uses:
Polyvinyl acetate is a leathery, colorless thermoplasticmaterial that softens at relatively lowtemperatures and that is relatively stable to lightand oxygen.
The polymers are clear and noncrystalline.
The chief applications of Polyvinyl acetate are as adhesives and binders for waterbasedor emulsion paints.
Vinyl acetate is conveniently prepared bythe reaction of acetylene with acetic acid.


-Other Common Uses:
Polyvinyl Acetate is also used in the paper and textile industry to produce coatings that lend a shiny touch to surfaces.
Polyvinyl Acetate is commonly part of the manufacture of latex paints, too.
In these settings Polyvinyl Acetate helps in form a tough coating and a supportive film.
Polyvinyl Acetate is also used as a protective “shell” or casing for cheese to render it safe from humidity and fungi.



POLYVINYL ACETATE'S ROLE IN INDUSTRY:
Industrial manufacturers and producers use PVA, too, but in these cases it’s more commonly found in the form of a liquefied emulsion that can be added to coatings or coverings for machines, or as a lubricant for certain mechanical activities.
Polyvinyl Acetate typically has a high resistance to UV rays and oxidation, which makes it a good choice for a number of outdoor and high-temperature applications.
Polyvinyl Acetate is a polymer with good aging characteristics, but in some cases its water sensitivity can be a problem.
This is typically taken care of by formulating it with plasticizers to increase its reliability and stability.



HOW POLYVINYL ACETATE'S MADE:
Polyvinyl Acetate is normally manufactured through the free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate, which is also a polymer.
Scientists isolate Polyvinyl Acetate first, then manipulate it in order to slightly change its structure.
Most of the time this happens in water.
Monomer molecules of vinyl acetate typically react when they’re submerged in water, and usually create an emulsion that is milky white in color.
The emulsion fluid can in most cases be instantly processed as a polyvinyl acetate polymer by removing it from the water and allowing it to stabilize at room temperature.



PREPARATION OF POLYVINYL ACETATE:
Polyvinyl Acetate is a vinyl polymer.
Polyvinyl acetate is prepared by polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer (free radical vinyl polymerization of the monomer vinyl acetate).



PRODUCTION METHODS OF POLYVINYL ACETATE:
Polyvinyl acetate is derived from the polymerization of vinyl acetate; the catalysts used in polymerization may include hydrogen peroxide, peroxy sulfates, or various redox combinations.
The polymerization process is described as being carried out by charging all ingredients to the reactor, heating to reflux, and stirring until the reaction is complete.
Typically, only a part of the monomer and catalyst is initially charged; the remainder is added during the course of the reaction.



HISTORY OF POLYVINYL ACETATE:
Polyvinyl acetate was discovered in Germany in 1912 by Fritz Klatte.
The monomer, vinyl acetate, was first produced on an industrial scale by addition of acetic acid to acetylene with a mercury(I) salt but it is now primarily made by palladium catalyzed oxidative addition of acetic acid to ethylene.



POLYVINYL ACETATE EMULSIONS & DERIVATIVES:
Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) adhesives offer good resistance to oil, grease and acid.
Adhesives based on Polyvinyl Acetate resin are environmentally friendly and do not pose any health risks.
Polyvinyl Acetate based adhesives are strong, deliver a dry to a clear film and offer good adhesion to a variety of surfaces.
Polyvinyl Acetate emulsions find uses in applications like bonding paper and wood assembly.
They are also known as white glue in adhesive applications.



POLYVINYL ACETATE EMULSION:
Polyvinyl Acetate emulsion is a thermoplastic polymer.
Because of Polyvinyl Acetate's excellent adhesion and convenience, it is widely used as adhesive for paper and woodwork.
Polyvinyl Acetate is even used as a household adhesive/glue after re-packaged into smaller containers.
Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) dispersions are used mainly for interior applications.
Advantages include high initial bonding strength and ease of use.
The glueline is flexible.



POLYVINYL ACETATE (PVA) GLUE
Any glue consisting chiefly of polyvinyl acetate polymer.
This category includes both traditional white glues and yellow aliphatic resin glues.
Although Polyvinyl Acetate glues can vary in strength, flexibility, water resistance, heat resistance and sandability, they are generally non-toxic.
All Polyvinyl Acetate glues are prone to “creep” or slowly stretch under long term loads, and are not recommended for structural applications.



WHAT IS POLYVINYL ACETATE ADHESIVE?
Polyvinyl acetate, also known as PVA or PVAc, is a synthetic polymer, or plastic.
Polyvinyl Acetate is more specifically categorized as a thermoplastic, meaning it melts at high temperatures, and has certain properties such as being elastic and flexible at room temperature.
Polyvinyl acetate adhesive is glue containing this compound.

Many common types of glue, including standard white or school glue, contain this material.
Yellow carpenter's glue, commonly used for woodworking projects, is also a polyvinyl acetate adhesive, as is the similar white wood glue.
Polyvinyl Acetate glues are considered very easy to use, since they can be cleaned up with water, are safe to handle without gloves or other skin protection, and do not give off any hazardous fumes, but they do not hold up well in moist or wet conditions.

A Polyvinyl Acetate adhesive works best on porous materials, such as wood, paper, and cardboard, and is also recommended when gluing vinyl and leather.
Many Polyvinyl Acetate glues are white, and they are used for a wide variety of purposes, such as making collages, paper crafts, and woodworking projects.
These adhesives are acid-free, which makes them especially suited to projects like bookbinding, where an acidic adhesive would deteriorate the paper.

Yellow carpenter's glue is commonly used both for DIY home construction projects and for woodworking projects, such as furniture making.
This glue keeps its yellow tinge when it dries, while a white adhesive dries clear.
White Polyvinyl Acetate glue also has a longer drying time than yellow glue.
Both work well for most types of wood, but they do not always provide a strong bond if the wood is oily, like teak.
The adhesive's water content can also make some types of wood, like beech, warp.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF POLYVINYL ACETATE:
Precipitate Polyvinyl Acetate from acetone by addition of n-hexane.



POLYVINYL ACETATE OVERCOMES VARIABLE PERFORMANCE ISSUES CAUSED BY:
*No external mould heating
*Variable resin thickness and exotherm
*Intricate mould design.



POLYVINYL ACETATE ENHANCES ADHESIVE, SEALANT AND POLYESTER COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS:
*Polyester composites
*Adhesives
*Sound damping



KEY BENEFITS OF POLYVINYL ACETATE:
*Thermoplastic and adhesive
*Very low odour
*Good compatibility with plasticisers
*Wide range of solvent solubilities
*Convenient ready-to-use solutions available



POLYVINYL ACETATE IS ALSO THE RAW MATERIAL TO MAKE OTHER POLYMERS LIKE:
Polyvinyl alcohol −[HOCHCH2]−:
Polyvinyl Acetate is partially or completely hydrolysed to give polyvinyl alcohol.
This reversible saponification and esterification reaction was a strong hint for Hermann Staudinger in the formulation of his theory of macromolecules.
Polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP):
Polyvinyl acetate is partially hydrolyzed and then esterified with phthalic acid.
Poly vinyl acetate (PVA) is a thermoforming resin that is usually water carried and generally used for the wood working and DIY industries.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYVINYL ACETATE:
Chemical formula: (C4H6O2)n
Molar mass: 86.09 g/mol per unit
Density: 1.19 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Boiling point: 112 °C (234 °F; 385 K)
Appearance: Physical State & Color: Solid/Beads/Clear
Odor: Essentially Odorless
Odor Threshold: Not Available
pH: Not Available
Melting Point: Not Available
Boiling Point: Not Available


Flash Point: Not Available
Evaporation Rate: Not Available
Flammability (solid, gas): Not Available
Lower & Upper Flammability/Explosive Limits: Not Available
Vapor Pressure: Not Available
Vapor Density: Not Available
Relative Density: Not Available
Solubility: Insoluble in Water
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not Available
Auto-ignition Temperature: 427°C (800.6°F)
Decomposition Temperature: Not Available
Viscosity: Not Available


Melting point: 60°C
Boiling point: 70-150 °C
Density: 1.18 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.467
Flash point: >100℃
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: ketones, ethers and aromatic hydrocarbons: soluble
form: pellets
color: Clear
PH: 3.0-5.5
Stability: Stable.
Appearance: powder and/or granules
Viscosity (in Ethyl Acetate): (al 10%) 25 ± 5 mPas
Specific gravity: 1,20 kg/l
Softening point: 145° - 165°C



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYVINYL ACETATE:
-Description of Necessary First-Aid Measures:
*Inhalation:
Move person to fresh air; if effects occur, consult a physician
*Skin:
Wash skin with plenty of water.
Seek first-aid or medical attentions as needed.
Suitable emergency safety shower facility should be immediately available
*Eyes:
Flush eyes thoroughly with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses.
*Ingestion:
If swallowed, seek medical attention.
-Indication of Immediate Medical Attention & Special Treatment Needed, If Necessary:
*Note to Physician:
Treat symptomatically.
*Specific Treatments:
No specific treatment



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYVINYL ACETATE:
-Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment & Emergency Procedures:
Use appropriate safety equipment.
-Environmental Precautions:
Prevent from entering into soil, ditches, sewers, waterways and/or groundwater.
For additional information.
*Methods & Materials for Containment & Clean Up:
Contain spilled material if possible.
Sweep up.
Collect in suitable and properly labeled containers.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYVINYL ACETATE:
-Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use dry chemical powder, water spray (fog), carbon dioxide.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYVINYL ACETATE:
-Engineering Controls:
Safety shower and eye bath.
-Personal Protective Measures:
*Respiratory:
Respiratory protection is not required.
*Hand:
Protective gloves
*Eye:
Chemical safety goggles
*Hygiene Measures:
Wash thoroughly after handling.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYVINYL ACETATE:
-Precautions for Safe Handling:
No smoking, open flames or sources of ignition in handling and storage areas.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
-Conditions for Safe Storage:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYVINYL ACETATE:
-Chemical Stability:
The product is stable.
-Possibility of Hazardous Reactions:
Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous reactions will not occur.
-Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition products should not be produced.



SYNONYMS:
Poly[1-(acetyloxy)ethylene]
Other names
PVAc
PVA
Poly(ethenyl ethanoate)
Poly(ethenyl acetate)
ACETIC ACID ETHENYL ESTER
HOMOPOLYMER, ACETIC ACID
ETHENYL ESTER
HOMOPOLYMER
ACETYLATED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
ETHENYL ACETATE
HOMOPOLYMER
ETHENYL ESTER HOMOPOLYMER ACETIC ACID
HOMOPOLYMER ACETIC ACID, ETHENYL ESTER
HOMOPOLYMER ETHENYL ACETATE
POLY(VINYL ACETATE)
VINYL ACETATE HOMOPOLYMER
VINYL ACETATE, HOMOPOLYMER
VINYL ACETATE POLYMER
POLYVINYL ACETATE
POLYVINYL ACETATE EMULSION
POLYVINYL ACETATE SOLUTION
POLY(VINYL ACETATE) HYDROLYZED
POLY(VINYL ACETATE)
76res
aceticacid,vinylester,polymer
Aceticacidethenylester,homopolymer
aceticacidethenylesterhomopolymer
aceticacidvinylester,polymers
asahisol1527
POLY(VINYL ACETATE)
Polyvinyl acetate
Acetic acid, ethenyl ester, homopolymer
Acetic acid, vinyl ester, polymer
Acetic acid vinyl ester polymers
Ethenyl acetate, homopolymer
Poly (vinylacetate)
Polyvinyl acetate homopolymer
Polyvinyl acetate resin
PVA
PVAc
Vinyl acetate homopolymer
Vinyl acetate polymer
Vinyl acetate resin
PVA
PVAc
POLY(VINYL ACETATE) HYDROLYZED
POLY(VINYL ACETATE)
aceticacid,vinylester,polymer
Aceticacidethenylester,homopolymer
aceticacidethenylesterhomopolymer
aceticacidvinylester,polymers
asahisol1527
POLY(VINYL ACETATE)
Polyvinyl acetate
Acetic acid, ethenyl ester, homopolymer
Acetic acid, vinyl ester, polymer
Acetic acid vinyl ester polymers
Ethenyl acetate, homopolymer

SYNONYMS 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer;1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer;1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer;1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone homopolymer;1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer;2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-etheny-, homopolymer;2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, homopolymer;2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and silica, graft;2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with silica, graft;2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-vinyl-, polymers;2-pyrrolidinone,1-ethenyl-,homopolymer;2-Pyrrolidione,1-ethenyl-,homopolymer CAS NO:9003-39-8

Povidone is a hygroscopicpolymer ,supplied in white or creamy white powder or flakes,ranging from low tohigh viscosity & low to high molecular weight,which characterized by KValue.It’s easily soluble in water and many other organic solvents,withexcellent hygroscopisty,film-forming,adhesive,chemical stability andtoxicological safeness characters. Applications:Povidone is one of the most important excipientin the worldwide for pharmaceutical industry,whatever for human health careproducts and animal health care products.It’s more and more used as: 1)Binderfor tables,capsule, 2)Sugar coatings and films, 3)Thickening agent, 4)SolubilityImprover for poorly soluble drugs, 5)Bioavailability Enhancer for drug’s activeingredients, 6)Pore-forming for membrane products. PVP was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s. It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. It is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets;it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown). PVP added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. It is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost. PVP is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Examples of this use include Bausch & Lomb's Ultra contact lenses with MoistureSeal Technology and Air Optix contact lens packaging solution (as an ingredient called "copolymer 845"). PVP is used as a lubricant in some eye drops, e.g. Bausch & Lomb's Soothe.Technical PVP is also used in many technical applications: as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives[citation needed] as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization to increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT) in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer[citation needed] as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells Other uses PVP binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.PVP is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium. PVP can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production. Safety The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses,and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP component of the solution. A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP.In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP. Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP instead. Properties PVP is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol,as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP and its oxidized hydrolyzate. History PVP was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. PVP has biocompatibility, low toxicity, adhesive characteristics, complexing stability, relatively inert behavior, and is resistant to thermal degradation. It is readily prepared by the polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone or by Reppe synthesis technique.PVP is used as a carrying polymer for electrospinning continuous titania nanofibers and zirconium tungstate ultra thin fibers. PVP may be used as one of the constituents in the synthesis of silver nanocubes. It serves as a reducing agent and colloidal stabilizer in the synthesis of palladium nanobars,triangular and nanoplates.It may also used as a capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanospheres,gold nanoframes.General applications pf PVP are: in pharmaceutical, food, beverage, cosmetic, toiletry and photographic industries.Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a component of Denhardt′s Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution.PVP or povidone is a hygroscopic, amorphous, synthetic polymer consisting of linear 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone groups. As a binder, PVP is used in the concentration range of 0.5%–5% w/w. Different degrees of polymerization of PVP resulted in polymers of various molecular weights. It is generally characterized by its viscosity in aqueous solution relative to that of water and expressed as a K value in the range of 10–120. Povidones with K-values ≤ 30 are manufactured by spray drying as spheres, whereas povidones with higher K-values are manufactured by drum drying as plates (Chakraborty, Ghosh, & Chakraborty, 2015). Wet granulation with povidone K25/30/90 generally gives harder granules with better flow properties than with other binders with lower friability and higher binding strength. Moreover, povidone also promotes the dissolution of APIs. For example, the drug release was faster in paracetamol tablets with 4% povidone K90 compared to tablets with gelatin or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as binder (Jun, Kim, & Kim, 1989). It has been shown that PVP was more efficient than HPMC owing to the lower work of cohesion and adhesion of HPMC. It could be further attributed to the better adhesion of PVP, especially to hydrophilic surfaces. Using PVP solution as granulating agent, it was observed that the addition of MCC as an insoluble excipient to a lactose-based formulation led to increase in solvent requirement and produced larger granules.Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone [87,88]. Dry PVP is a light flaky hygroscopic powder and readily absorbs up to 40% of water by its weight. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films, which makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings.The PVP was used as a blood plasma expander for trauma victims. It is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets and it simply passes through the body when it is administered orally [89]. However, autopsies have found that crospovidone does contribute to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption [90]. PVP added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties. This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps, and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade name Betadine and Pyodine. It is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone-iodine is equally effective and safe as talc and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost [91]. It is used as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semiliquid dosage forms (syrups and soft gelatin capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallization.The protein of interest is excised from the transfer membrane and treated with polyvinylpyrrolidone to block binding of the enzyme to the membrane. After cutting the blot into small pieces, digestion buffer containing trypsin is added and the incubation is carried out at 37°C. The addition of calcium ions to the digestion buffer is critical to suppress trypsin autolysis. The use of phosphate buffers is avoided as phosphate catalyzes the formation of pyroglutamic acid from any N-terminal glutamines leading to blocked fragments (8). The concentration of trypsin is kept high by minimizing the reaction volume. We use 1 µ g of trypsin in a total digestion volume of 30 µl. At lower enzyme concentrations the reaction may not go to completion; at higher enzyme levels, extraneous autolysis products may develop. The amounts of each fragment released into the digestion buffer can vary. Small hydrophilic peptides are more likely to be released than larger, hydrophobic ones. Experiments with known amounts of protein bound to transfer membranes indicate that approximately 30% of the expected amount can be recovered in the supernatant. Because the area of membrane should be minimized, it is desirable to start with a sharp protein band (>100 pmol/cm2).First nanoparticle therapeutics can be tracked back to 1950s when Jatzkewitz and colleagues synthesized a polyvinylpyrrolidone–mescalin conjugate which had a significantly extended half-life in the blood circulation.Immediate allergic reactions to povidone–iodine are rare and often overlooked, as it is difficult to diagnose. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is thought to play a mechanistic role. The usefulness of the histamine release test for diagnosing polyvinylpyrrolidone allergy has been studied in a single case . PVP polymers are available in several viscosity grades, ranging from low to high molecular weight. This range, coupled with solubility in aqueous and organic solvent systems combined with its nontoxic character, are some of the properties that gives PVP polymers great flexibility across multiple applications. The industrial applications of PVP polymers include, for example, in adhesives to improve strength and toughness; in paper manufacture to increase strength and as a coating resin; and in synthetic fibers to improve dye receptivity. PVP polymers are also widely employed in inks, imaging, lithography, detergents and soaps, the textile, ceramic, electrical and metallurgical industries and as a polymerization additive.PVP polymers are supplied in various viscosity grades as a powder and/or aqueous solution. The full line of PVP polymers are also available for personal care applications such as film forming, emulsion stabilization and colorant dispersion.also offers pharmaceutical and agriculture grades of PVP polymer; our Plasdone™ and Polyplasdone™ polymer products are used in the pharmaceutical industry, Agrimer™ polymers are used by the Agriculture industry.There have been many studies that have been devoted to the determination of the molecular weight of PVP polymer. The low molecular weight polymers have narrower distribution curves of molecular entities than the high molecular weight compounds. Some of the techniques for measuring the molecular weight of various PVP polymer products are based on measuring sedimentation, light scattering, osmometry, NMR spectroscopy, ebullimometry, and size exclusion chromatography for determining absolute molecular weight distribution. By the use of these methods, any one of three molecular weight parameters can be measured, namely the number average (Mn), viscosity average (Mv), and weight average (Mw). Each of these characteristics can yield a different answer for the same polymer as illustrated by using these measurement techniques in the analysis of the same PVP K-30 polymer sample. The following results are reported: Number average (Mn) – 10,000 Viscosity average (Mv) – 40,000 Weight average (Mw) – 55,000 Therefore, in any review of the literature, one must know which molecular average is cited. Conventionally, molecular weights are expressed by their “K-values,” which are derived from relative viscosity measurements.The K-value accepted for PVP polymer by pharmacopoeias and other authoritative bodies worldwide is measured by the viscosity technique and calculated by the use of Fikentscher’s equation. In an aqueous solution PVP K-15 and PVP K-30 polymer, particularly in concentrations below 10%, have little effect on viscosity, whereas K-60 and K-90 considerably influence flow propertiesPVP polymer solution viscosity does not change appreciably over a wide pH range, but increases in concentrated HCI. Strong caustic solutions precipitate the polymer, but this precipitate solution redissolves on dilution with waterThe densities of PVP polymer water solutions are only slightly changed despite a significant increase in the concentration of PVP K-30 polymerThe effect of temperature and concentration on viscosity is shown in Figures 2 and 3 for PVP K-30 and K-90 polymer respectively. Any possible effect of high temperatures and concentrations on finished formulations should be determined experimentally.PVP polymer is readily soluble in cold water and the concentration is limited only by viscosity. It is possible to prepare free-flowing solutions of PVP K-30 polymer in concentrations up to 60% with only moderate effect on density. PVP K-60 and K-90 polymer are available commercially as 45 and 20 percent aqueous solutions, respectively. Roughly 0.5 mol water per monomer unit is associated with the polymer molecule in solution. This is of the same order of magnitude as the hydration for various proteins reported in the literature. PVP K-30 polymer is also freely soluble in many organic solvents, including alcohols, some chlorinated compounds such as chloroform, methylene chloride and ethylene dichloride,nitroparaffins, and amines. It is essentially insoluble in hydrocarbons, ethers, some chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones and esters. Dilute solutions of PVP polymer in hydrocarbons may be prepared by the use of a cosolvent, e.g., butanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or nonylphenol. Clear 3-5% PVP polymer solutions in aliphatic hydrocarbons may be readily prepared by adding the hydrocarbon to a butyl alcohol solution of the polymer. In oil-based products, solubilization in an alkylphenol, e.g., cetyl- or nonylphenol, is useful. The alkylphenol is first heated to about 100°C and the PVP polymer added slowly with stirring. Then the temperature may be raised to approximately 200°C to accelerate solution.Dried unmodified films of PVP polymer are clear, transparent, Glossy, and hard. Appearance does not vary when films are cast from different solvent systems, such as water, ethanol, chloroform, or ethylene dichloride. Compatible plasticizers may be added without affecting clarity or luster of the film. Moisture taken up from the air by PVP polymer can also act as a plasticizer. Among the several commercial modifiers that may be used in concentrations of 10-50% (based on PVP polymer) to control tack and/or brittleness or to decrease hygroscopicity are: carboxymethylcellulose cellulose acetate cellulose acetate propionate dibutyl tartrate diethylene glycol dimethyl phthalate 2-ethylhexanediol-1, 3 glycerin glycerylmonoricinoleate lgepal C0-430 (Solvay) oleyl alcohol Resoflex R-363 (Broadview Technologies) shellac sorbitol Carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and shellac effectively decrease tackiness. Dimethyl phthalate is less effective, whereas glycerin, diethylene glycol, and sorbitol increase tackiness. Films essentially tack-free over all ranges of relative humidity may be obtained with 10% arylsulfonamide-formaldehyde resin. In comparative tests for plasticity at 33% relative humidity, PVP polymer films containing 10% diethylene glycol show an “elongation at break” twice that of PVP polymer films containing 10% glycerin, polyethylene glycol 400, sorbitol, or urea, and four times that of PVP polymer films containing 10% ethylene glycol, dimethyl phthalate. At 70% relative humidity, 25% sorbitol and 25% dimethylphthalate may be used successfully.PVP polymer shows a high degree of compatibility, both in solution and film form, with most inorganic salt solutions and with many natural and synthetic resins, as well as with other chemicals (Table VIII). At 25°C the addition of 100 ml of a 10% solution of any of the following salts to 10% PVP K-30 polymer aqueous solution (i.e., 10 parts of the test salt to 1 part of PVP polymer) does not change the appearance of the solution: aluminum potassium sulfate aluminum sulfate ammonium chloride ammonium sulfate barium chloride calcium chloride chromium sulfate copper sulfate ferric chloride magnesium chloride mercuric acetate nickel nitrate lead acetate potassium chloride potassium sulfate potassium dichromate sodium bicarbonate** sodium chloride sodium nitrate sodium phosphate (primary) sodium pyrophosphate sodium sulfate sodium sulfite sodium thiosulfate silver nitrate zinc sulfate **200 ml if a 5% solution Small amounts of PVP polymer effectively stabilize emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions. Even lyophobic colloids, which exist without significant affinity for the medium, can be protected by PVP polymer. The polymer is adsorbed in a thin molecular layer on the surface of the individual colloidal particles to prevent contact and overcome any tendency to form a continuous solid phase. The best viscosity grade to use depends on the application. In some cases, the lower molecular weight polymers, PVP K-15 polymer or PVP K-30 polymer, are more efficient than high molecular weight material. For example, PVP K-15 polymer is particularly effective as a dispersant for carbon black and lowbulk density solids in aqueous media. It is used in detergent formulations to prevent soil redeposition on synthetic fibers and as a protective colloid for certain pigments. In viscous systems, on the other hand, PVP K-90 polymer is most suitable, e.g., as a dispersant for titanium dioxide or organic pigments and latex polymers in emulsion paints. PVP K-90 polymer is preferred as the protective colloid in the suspension polymerization of styrene to generate the desired particle size.PVP polymers form molecular adducts with many other substances. This can result in a solubilizing action in some cases or in precipitation in others. PVP polymer crosslinks with polyacids like polyacrylic or tannic acid to form complexes which are insoluble in water or alcohol but dissolve in dilute alkali. Gantrez™ AN methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer, will also insolubilize PVP polymer when aqueous solutions of polymers are mixed in approximately equal parts at low pH. An increase in pH will solubilize the complex. Ammonium persulfate will gel PVP polymer in 30 minutes at about 90°C. These gels are not thermoreversible and are substantially insoluble in large amounts of water or salt solution. PVP polymer powder can be stored under ordinary conditions without undergoing decomposition or degradation. However, since the powder is hygroscopic, suitable precautions should be taken to prevent excessive moisture pickup. Bulk polymer is supplied in tied polyethylene bags enclosed in fiber packs. When not in use, the polyethylene bag should be kept closed at all times in the covered container. On PVP polymer films, moisture acts as a plasticizer. These films are otherwise chemically stable. The equilibrium water content of PVP polymer solid or films varies in a linear fashion with relative humidity and is equal toapproximately one-third the relative humidity. Samples of dried, powdered PVP polymer, subjected to 20, 52, and 80 percent relative humidity until equilibrium is reached, show a 10, 19, and 31 percent moisture weight gain, respectively. Exposure to extreme elevated temperatures should be avoided, though PVP polymer powder is quite stable when heated. Some darkening in color and decreased water solubility are evident on heating in air at 150°C. However, PVP polymer appears to be quite stable when heated repeatedly at 110-130°C for relatively short intervals. Aqueous PVP polymer is stable for extended periods if protected from molds. However, appropriate tests should be made with finished products containing PVP polymer before deciding on a preservative. Steam sterilization (15 lb. pressure for 15 min.) can also be used and this treatment does not appear to change the properties of the solutions. The PVP polymer has no buffering power, and substantial changes in the pH of solutions are observed upon addition of small amounts of acids or bases. For example, the pH of 100 ml of 3.5% PVP K-30 polymer solution is raised from pH 4 to pH 7 by the addition of 1-2 ml 0.1 N sodium hydroxide.Polyvinylpyrrolidone is widely used in a broad variety of industries. This is due to its unique physical and chemical properties, particularly because of its good solubility in both water and many organic solvents, its chemical stability, its affinity to complex both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances and its nontoxic character. Several hundreds of papers have been published describing the advantages of using PVP polymer in formulas for the following product areas. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, also known as povidone or PVP, is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs. It has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems. Povidone has the molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n and appears as a white to slightly off-white powder. Povidone formulations are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to dissolve in both water and oil solvents. The k number refers to the mean molecular weight of the povidone. Povidones with higher K-values (i.e., k90) are not usually given by injection due to their high molecular weights. The higher molecular weights prevent excretion by the kidneys and lead to accumulation in the body. The best-known example of povidone formulations is povidone-iodine, an important disinfectant. PVP-Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a nonionic water-soluble polymer and can be applied in a variety of fields-of-use owing to following advantageous characteristics. Good solubility in water as well as various organic solvents Good affinity to various polymers and resins High hygroscopicity Good film formation property Good adhesiveness to various substrates Good chelate / complex formation property Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization; also for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters; as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation. Complexes with phenolics and alkaloids for their removal from plant samples, thus preventing their modification of proteins and any interference they may cause in spectrophotometric determinations of protein content. This is also reported to improve stability of enzymes. PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) is a large polymer that associates with the particle surface through Van der Waals forces and metal ligand charge transfer. The 40 kDa PVP molecule is not easily displaced by other molecules and offers excellent steric stability. It’s a great choice for particles that may be exposed to a broad range of salt, pH, and solvent conditions. PVP is made from the monomer n-vinylpyrrolidone. At nanoComposix we typically use a 40 kDa version that helps prevent particles from directly contacting and aggregating when solution conditions change or when the particles are dried down onto a substrate or thin film. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is found in a lot of places where you wouldn't expect to find polymers. What kind places? For example, polyvinylpyrrolidone was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. That's right, the eventual giant beehive hairdos that followed in the sixties owed their existence to polyvinylpyrrolidone. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. But its affinity for water gave it a drawback. Polyvinylpyrrolidone tended to adsorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a water-soluble polymer obtained by polymerization of monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP is an inert, non-toxic, temperature-resistant, pH-stable, biocompatible, biodegradable polymer that helps to encapsulate and cater both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. These advantages enable PVP a versatile excipient in the formulation development of broad conventional to novel controlled delivery systems. PVP has tunable properties and can be used as a brace component for gene delivery, orthopedic implants, and tissue engineering applications. Based on different molecular weights and modified forms, PVP can lead to exceptional beneficial features with varying chemical properties. Graft copolymerization and other techniques assist PVP to conjugate with poorly soluble drugs that can inflate bioavailability and even introduces the desired swelling tract for their control or sustained release. The present review provides chemistry, mechanical, physicochemical properties, evaluation parameters, dewy preparation methods of PVP derivatives intended for designing conventional to controlled systems for drug, gene, and cosmetic delivery. The past and growing interest in PVP establishes it as a promising polymer to enhance the trait and performance of current generation pharmaceutical dosage forms. Furthermore, the scrutiny explores existing patents, marketed products, new and futuristic approaches of PVP that have been identified and scope for future development, characterization, and its use. The exploration spotlights the importance and role of PVP in the design of Povidone-iodine (PVP–I) and clinical trials to assess therapeutic efficacy against the COVID-19 in the current pandemic scenario.

CAS Number : 9003-39-8
IUPAC name: 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
DESCRIPTION:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
PVP is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Polyvidone, Povidone) is an inert, water-soluble, non-toxic, temperature-resistant, pH-stable, biocompatible, biodegradable polymer that helps to encapsulate and cater both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone has been widely tested and used as an effective wound healing accelerator.


Phenolics bind to proteins and DNA through hydrogen bonds immediately after plant cells are lysed and effect their properties and successful extraction, therefore Polyvinylpyrrolidone is important to use phenolic inhibitors.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone that binds polyphenols.
PVP is available in a variety of molecular weights. with the smaller molecular weights capable of binding to proteins.
For use with proteins, it is recommended to start with 2-4% 40KD PVP.
Depending on the specific phenolics in the plant tissue, the molecular weight of PVP will need to be optimized.

Different molecular weights bind certain phenolics better than others, so PVP does not bind all phenolics universally.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, also known as povidone or PVP, is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems.

Povidone has the molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n and appears as a white to slightly off-white powder.
Povidone formulations are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to dissolve in both water and oil solvents.


The k number refers to the mean molecular weight of the povidone.
Povidones with higher K-values (i.e., k90) are not usually given by injection due to their high molecular weights.
The higher molecular weights prevent excretion by the kidneys and lead to accumulation in the body.
The best-known example of povidone formulations is povidone-iodine, an important disinfectant









USES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE:

Medical:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; Polyvinylpyrrolidone simply passes through the body when taken orally.

PVP added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions).
For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.

PVP is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Examples of this use include Bausch & Lomb's Ultra contact lenses with MoistureSeal Technology and Air Optix contact lens packaging solution (as an ingredient called "copolymer 845").

PVP is used as a lubricant in some eye drops, e.g. Bausch & Lomb's Soothe.

PVP was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping.

Autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.
The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.

Technical:
PVP is also used in many technical applications:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used to increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used in aqueous metal quenching

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells


Other uses:
PVP binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity.
This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers.

PVP is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.
PVP is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some.

As a food additive, PVP is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers.

In in-vitro fertilisation laboratories, polyvinylpyrrolidone is used to slow down spermatozoa in order to capture them for e.g. ICSI.

In molecular biology, PVP can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer.
It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR.

In microscopy, PVP is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.

PVP can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production


PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE:
PVP is soluble in water and other polar solvents.
For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).
When dry Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water.
In solution, Polyvinylpyrrolidone has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films.

This makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone good as a coating or an additive to coatings.

A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP and its oxidized hydrolyzate.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a nonionic, water-soluble polymer with the following features.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be suitable for the usage of various applications and fields.

• Soluble in various solvents (e.g.: water, alcohol, amide and chlorineated solvents)
• Heat Resistance （Tg=160-170℃）
• Highly hygroscopicity
• Good film-forming properties
• Adhesion
• Ability to form complexes


HISTORY OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE:
PVP was first synthesized by BASF chemist, Walter Reppe, and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry.
PVP was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production.
BASF continues to make PVP, including a pharmaceutical portfolio under the brand name of Kollidon.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE:

Chemical formula: (C6H9NO)n
Molar mass: 2,500 – 2,500,000 g•mol−1
Appearance: white to light yellow, hygroscopic, amorphous powder
Density :1.2 g/cm3
Melting point: 150 to 180 °C (302 to 356 °F; 423 to 453 K) (glass temperature)
Molecular Weight :40,000 (Avg.)
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Storage: Room Temperature
Purity: min. 99.0%
Heavy metals as (Pb): <0.001%
pH (5%, water): 3.0-7.0
CAS #: 9003-39-8
Density: 1.23-1.29 g/mL (lit.)
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)x
Molecular Weight: avg. 10,000
Appearance (Colour): White to off - white
Appearance (Form): Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity): 10% aq. solution Clear
Nitrogen content (N): 11.5 - 12.5%
pH (5% aq. solution): 3.0 - 7.0
K-value: ~ 30
Auto-ignition temperature: >400 °C
Decomposition temperature: >130 °C
Physical state: solid
Form: powder
Colour: white - cream
Odour: faintly perceptible
Melting point/freezing point: 130 °C
Flammability: This material is combustible, but will not ignite readily
Lower and upper explosion limit: 15 g/m³ (LEL)
Personal Protective Equipment: Eyeshields, Gloves, respirator filter
pH: 4
Melting point: >300 °C
Boiling point: 90-93 °C
Density: 1,69 g/cm3
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: soluble100mg/mL
form: powder
color: White to yellow-white
PH: 3.0-5.0
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7697
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Light sensitive. Hygroscopic.
Solubility: Soluble in water (> 100 mg/mL), methanol, ethanol, alcohol, chloroform and glycerol, acetic acid; insoluble in dimethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, toluene, xylene, mineral oil, carbon tetrachloride.
Usage Statement: Unless specified otherwise, MP Biomedical's products are for research or further manufacturing use only, not for direct human use.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


Synonyms
PVP
POVIDONE
POP
kollidon
PVP K-30
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 90
kollidon CL
K-30
KoVidone
PLASDONE

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer compound made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is compatible with a wide range of hydrophilic and hydrophobic resins.

CAS: 9003-39-8
MF: CH4
MW: 16.04246
EINECS: 1312995-182-4

Povidone, also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvidone, is a synthetic water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets and lubricant in eye drops.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also used in many technical applications with various roles as an adhesive, additive, and emulsifier.
When in complex with iodine, displays antiseptic properties where the iodine, a bactericidal component, mainly contributes to this effect, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone acts as a carrier.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be found in over-the-counter topical solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs.
The clinical effectiveness of on wound healing remains somewhat controversial, as Polyvinylpyrrolidone was demonstrated in a few clinical studies that the application of the compound in wounds was associated with impaired wound healing, reduced wound strength, or infection in open wounds.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).
When dry Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water.
In solution, Polyvinylpyrrolidone has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films.
This makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone good as a coating or an additive to coatings.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone was first synthesized by BASF chemist Walter Reppe, and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production.
BASF continues to make Polyvinylpyrrolidone, including a pharmaceutical portfolio under the brand name of Kollidon.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, also known as povidone or PVP, is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a polymer used as a pharmaceutical aid, complexing agent, and solubilizer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone acts as diluent, solvent and cleaning agent in various kinds of industries.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone also acts as an adjuvant, emulsifier, filtering aid, tableting aid, thickener.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is the cross-linked homopolymer of pure vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is hygroscopic and free-flowing white or off-white powder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone has a slight foul smell.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is insoluble in common solvents such as water, ethanol and ether.
So Polyvinylpyrrolidone's molecule weight range can’t be measured.
However, Polyvinylpyrrolidone has ability to form complex with various kinds of substances (such as “Hu” class substance which can lead to the discoloration of a variety of wines and beverages discoloration).
Also Polyvinylpyrrolidone is easily to be removed after filtration because of its insolubility.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone is one of the three major pharmaceutical new excipients and can be used as the co-solvent of tablets, granules, and injection, as the glidant of capsules, as the dispersant agent of liquid preparations and the colorant, as the stabilizer of enzyme and heat sensitive drug, as the co-precipitating agent of poorly soluble drugs, and as the detoxicant of ophthalmic drugs and lubricants.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is industrially used as expanded polystyrene additive, as the gelling agents for suspension polymerization, stabilizer, and fiber treating agents, paper processing aids, adhesives, and thickening agents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone and its copolymers CAP is an important raw material of cosmetics, mainly used for hair retaining agent.
The film Polyvinylpyrrolidone formed in the hair is elastic and shiny, and has excellent carding property as well as being free of dust.
Adopting different category of resin can meet various kinds of relative humidity climatic conditions.
Therefore, Polyvinylpyrrolidone is an indispensable raw material in styling hair cream, hair gel, and mousse.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone can also be used for the cosmetics of skin moisturizing agents and the dispersants for grease based hair dying, also as foam stabilizers, and can improve the consistency of the shampoo.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is the stabilizer of beer and juice which can improve its transparency, color, and flavor.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone Chemical Properties
Melting point: >300 °C
Boiling point: 90-93 °C
Density: 1,69 g/cm3
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: H2O: soluble100mg/mL
Form: powder
Color: White to yellow-white
PH: 3.0-5.0
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7697
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Light sensitive. Hygroscopic.
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H15NO/c1-3-7(2)9-6-4-5-8(9)10/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: FAAHNQAYWKTLFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: N1(C(C)CC)C(=O)CCC1
IARC: 3 (Vol. 19, Sup 7, 71) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (9003-39-8)

Uses
Polyvinylpyrrolidone binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity.
This has led to Polyvinylpyrrolidones application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some.
As a food additive, Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a stabilizer and has E number E1201.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers.
In in-vitro fertilisation laboratories, Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used to slow down spermatozoa in order to capture them for e.g. ICSI.
In molecular biology, Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification.
Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR.
In microscopy, Polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.

Although Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, it is primarily used in solid-dosage forms.
In tableting, Polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions are used as binders in wet-granulation processes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also added to powder blends in the dry form and granulated in situ by the addition of water, alcohol, or hydroalcoholic solutions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a solubilizer in oral and parenteral formulations, and has been shown to enhance dissolution of poorly soluble drugs from solid-dosage forms.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions may also be used as coating agents or as binders when coating active pharmaceutical ingredients on a support such as sugar beads.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is additionally used as a suspending, stabilizing, or viscosity-increasing agent in a number of topical and oral suspensions and solutions.
The solubility of a number of poorly soluble active drugs may be increased by mixing with Polyvinylpyrrolidone.

In the early 1950s, older, with shellac and oil-based hairspray had been rapidly replaced by Polyvinylpyrrolidone sprays which are still widely used until now.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone can form wet, transparent film on the hair which is shiny and has good lubrication effect.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone has good compatibility with a variety of good propellant and also has corrosion resistance.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is widely used in hair styling, as the film former in combing products, as the creatinine and stabilizer of skin care lotions and creams, as the base stock material for eye and facial cosmetics and lipstick base, and also as hair dye dispersants and shampoo foam stabilizer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone has detoxification effect and can reduce the irritation effects of other preparation on the skin and eyes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also used as toothpaste detergents, gelling agents and antidotes. The main drawback of PVP is its sensitivity to moisture.
However, this issue can be tackled by using Polyvinylpyrrolidone's vinyl acetate copolymer in order to mitigate the effects of moisture and humidity.
In addition, Polyvinylpyrrolidone also has wide application in the pharmaceutical, beverage and textile industries.

In daily cosmetics, Polyvinylpyrrolidone and its copolymer has good dispersion property and filming property, and thus being able to be used as a setting lotion, hair spray and styling mousse, as opacifiers for hair care agents, as the stabilizer of shampoo foam, as wave styling agent and as the dispersants and affinity agents in hair dye.
Adding Polyvinylpyrrolidone to cream, sunscreen, and hair removal agent can enhance wetting and lubricating effect.
Taking advantage of the excellent properties of PVP such as surface activity, film-forming and non-irritating to the skin, no allergic reactions, etc., has broad prospects in Polyvinylpyrrolidones application in hair care and skin care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone of molecular weight 360,000 are often used as the clarifying agent of beer, vinegar, and grape wine.
Used as the fixing liquid for gas chromatography.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a colloidal stabilizer and clarifying agent for beer clarification.
Apply proper amount according the demands of production.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be used for pharmacy, aquaculture, and livestock disinfectant for the sterilization of the skin and mucous.

Preparation
N -Vinylpyrrolidone is water-soluble and is usually polymerized in aqueous solution at about 50C with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.
The polymer is also water-soluble and is isolated by spray-drying.
Commercial grades of Polyvinylpyrrolidone have average molecular weights (Mv) ranging from about 10000 up to 360000.
The largest use of Polyvinylpyrrolidone is in cosmetic formulations, especially hair lacquers. In the latter applications, polyvinylpyrrolidone is the preferred film-former on account of good adhesion to hair, lustre of the film and ease of removal on washing.
The polymer is also used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablets.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone also finds use in the textile industry, particularly in colour stripping operations, where the great affinity of the polymer for dyestuffs is utilized.
An interesting application of Polyvinylpyrrolidone is in aqueous solution as a blood plasma substitute; such material was extensively used in Germany during the Second World War.

Production Methods
Polyvinylpyrrolidone is manufactured by the Reppe process.
Acetylene and formaldehyde are reacted in the presence of a highly active copper acetylide catalyst to form butynediol, which is hydrogenated to butanediol and then cyclodehydrogenated to form butyrolactone.
Pyrrolidone is produced by reacting butyrolactone with ammonia.
This is followed by a vinylation reaction in which pyrrolidone and acetylene are reacted under pressure.
The monomer, vinylpyrrolidone, is then polymerized in the presence of a combination of catalysts to produce Polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidones crude product comes from the polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone under basic catalyst or the existence of N, N'-divinyl amidine and further cross-inking reaction.
Then use water, 5% acetic acid and 50% ethanol for reflux to until extract ≤50mg/kg (for over 3h).
The 30% to 60% aqueous solution of the purified 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, in the presence of ammonia or amines and also with hydrogen peroxide as the catalyst, has cross-linking and homo-polymerization reaction at a temperature of 50 °C and subject to further purification to obtain the final product.

Biochemistry
Polyvinylpyrrolidone itself has no microbicidal activity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone exhibits rapid, potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.

Synonyms
N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE
88-12-0
1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one
N-Vinylpyrrolidone
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
9003-39-8
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
Povidone
Vinylpyrrolidone
N-Vinylpyrrolidinone
1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-
1-Vinylpyrrolidone
Pvpp
Vinylbutyrolactam
Vinylpyrrolidinone
V-Pyrol
Luviskol
Plasdone
1-Vinylpyrrolidinone
25249-54-1
Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
N-Vinyl pyrrolidone
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-Vinylpyrrolidone-2
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, monomer
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-vinyl-
PVP
NSC 10222
MPK 90
PVP 40
DTXSID2021440
143 RP
AT 717
1-vinyl-pyrrolidin-2-one
K 15
K 90
PVP-40
CHEBI:82551
MFCD00003197
NSC-10222
76H9G81541
DTXCID101440
WLN: /T5NVTJ AY*1*/
MFCD01076626
CAS-88-12-0
K 25
K 115
HSDB 7231
EINECS 201-800-4
BRN 0110513
CCRIS 8581
PovidonePVP
vinyl pyrrolidone
UNII-76H9G81541
N-vinyl-pyrrolidone
N -vinylpyrrolidinone
1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon
POVIDONE MONOMER
VINYLBUTYLOLACTAM
N-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one
?N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
N-vinyl pyrrolidin-2-one
N-vinyl-pyrrolidin-2-one
Crospovidone ~40,000
EC 201-800-4
SCHEMBL10869
WLN: T5NVTJ A1U1
PVP-K30
POVIDONE MONOMER [MI]
VINYL PYRROLIDONE (VP)
CHEMBL1878943
N-VINYL PYRROLIDONE [INCI]
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone(stabilized with 200ppm Ammonium hydroxide)
NSC10222
Tox21_202462
Tox21_300073
NSC114022
NSC142693
NSC683040
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (MW ~40,000)
AKOS000119985
N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE [IARC]
AT18510
CS-W020981
FG-0420
NSC-114022
NSC-142693
NSC-683040
NCGC00166252-01
NCGC00166252-02
NCGC00166252-03
NCGC00254200-01
NCGC00260011-01
2-PYRROLIDINONE, 1-ETHENYL- [HSDB]
FT-0608329
FT-0645144
FT-0655284
V0026
EN300-19745
C19548
A817742
A843417
Q420628
SR-01000944531
J-015891
SR-01000944531-1
W-100417
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
F8881-5579
Z104475034
3-CHLORO-5,6-DIFLUORO-1-BENZOTHIOPHENE-2-CARBONYLCHLORIDE
InChI=1/C6H9NO/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6(7)8/h2H,1,3-5H
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, contains sodium hydroxide as inhibitor, >=99%
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (stabilized with N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine)

Polivinilpirolidon, also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or simply Povidone, is a synthetic polymer that consists of repeating units of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is widely used in various industries and applications due to its unique properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is water-soluble and forms clear, colorless to light yellow solutions.

CAS Number: 9003-39-8
EC Number: 500-633-1

Synonyms: Povidone, Polyvidone, Polyvinylpyrrolidinone, PVP, PVPP, Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), E1201, Crospovidone, N-Vinylpyrrolidone polymer, Povidonum, PVP K-30, PVP K-90, PVP K-25, PVP K-17, PVP K-15, PVP K-10, PVP K-60, PVP VA 64, PVP VA 73, PVP VA 55, PVP VA 37, PVP VA 64 copolymer, PVP VA 73 copolymer, PVP VA 64 vinyl acetate copolymer, Polyvidon, PVP-VA copolymer, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer, N-Vinylpyrrolidinone polymer, Povidon, Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), PVP/VA, Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), Vinylpyrrolidone polymer, PVP iodine, PVP-I, PVP-Iodine, PVP Cl, PVP C30, PVP C15, PVP C17, PVP C10, PVP C25, PVP K 30, PVP K30, PVP K 15, PVP K 10, PVP K 17, PVP K 25, PVP K 90, PVP K90, PVP K 60, PVP K 64, PVP K 73, PVP K60, PVP K64, PVP K73, PVP/ethyl methacrylate, PVP/Ethyl Methacrylate, PVP/EMA, PVP/MA, PVP/Methacryloyl, PVP/Methacryloyl Propyltrimonium Chloride



APPLICATIONS


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder in tablet formulations, improving the cohesion and disintegration properties of tablets.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) serves as a film-forming agent in pharmaceutical coatings, providing a smooth and protective outer layer to tablets and capsules.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized as a stabilizer and viscosity modifier in liquid dosage forms such as suspensions, syrups, and eye drops.
In cosmetics, PVP is found in hair care products like hairsprays and styling gels, where it acts as a film-former and fixative to enhance hair hold and manageability.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed in skin care products as a thickening agent and binder, contributing to the texture and stability of creams and lotions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in sunscreen formulations to enhance the uniform distribution of UV filters and improve the product's water resistance.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized in dentistry as a component of dental adhesives and oral care products to improve adhesive strength and moisture resistance.
In the food industry, PVP serves as a clarifying agent in beverages such as beer and wine, aiding in the removal of haze-causing substances.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed as a stabilizer and thickener in food products such as sauces, dressings, and condiments to improve texture and shelf life.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent to strengthen fibers and improve the weaving process, enhancing fabric durability and handling.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds application in the paint and coatings industry as a dispersant and rheology modifier, improving pigment dispersion and coating performance.

In ink formulations, PVP acts as a binder and stabilizer, ensuring even distribution of pigments and enhancing print quality.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in adhesives and sealants to improve bonding strength, tackiness, and resistance to environmental factors.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed in agricultural formulations as a dispersant for agrochemicals, aiding in their uniform distribution and efficacy.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized in the production of ceramics and composites as a binder and rheology modifier, facilitating shaping and enhancing material properties.

In the electronics industry, PVP is used in the fabrication of photoresists and as a protective coating for sensitive electronic components.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) serves as a lubricant and anti-static agent in industrial applications, reducing friction and preventing static buildup on surfaces.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed in personal care products such as deodorants and antiperspirants to enhance product stability and skin feel.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized in veterinary medicine as a component of wound dressings and topical formulations for pets and livestock.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in the production of membranes and filtration materials due to its ability to form porous structures and enhance separation efficiency.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds application in the manufacturing of composite materials, where it acts as a binder to consolidate layers of different materials.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed in the textile industry to improve the dyeing process by enhancing dye penetration and color retention in fabrics.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized in water treatment processes as a flocculant to aggregate and remove suspended particles from water sources.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds niche applications in the development of biomedical devices and drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility and controlled-release properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) demonstrates versatility across a wide range of industries, contributing to product performance, innovation, and consumer satisfaction through its unique properties and applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized in the cosmetics industry as a suspending agent in shampoos and conditioners, helping to evenly disperse insoluble ingredients.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) serves as a binder and film-former in mascara formulations, improving adhesion to lashes and preventing flaking.

In skincare products, PVP is used as a pore minimizer and mattifying agent to reduce shine and improve skin appearance.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds application in wound care as a component of adhesive bandages and wound dressings, providing gentle adhesion and moisture management.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed in ophthalmic solutions to enhance the solubility of active ingredients and improve eye drop formulations.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in the manufacture of contact lenses as a lubricating agent to improve comfort and wearability.
In the biotechnology and life sciences sector, PVP is utilized in protein purification processes as a stabilizer and cryoprotectant.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) serves as a component in chromatography resins to improve separation efficiency and resolution of biomolecules.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in the formulation of lithographic inks for printing processes, contributing to ink stability and print quality.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed in the production of photographic films and papers as a coating agent to enhance image clarity and durability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds application in the textile industry as a dye transfer inhibitor in laundry detergents, preventing color bleeding during washing.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized in the construction industry as an additive in cement and concrete formulations to improve workability and reduce cracking.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in the manufacturing of personal hygiene products such as wet wipes and sanitary napkins for its absorbent and moisture-retaining properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) serves as a binder and suspension agent in ceramic glazes and slurries, facilitating uniform application and improving surface finish.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds application in the production of carbon fiber materials as a sizing agent to enhance fiber adhesion and composite strength.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized in the formulation of water-based paints and coatings as a rheology modifier to control viscosity and application properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in the agricultural industry as a dispersant and stabilizer for crop protection formulations, enhancing spray coverage and efficacy.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) serves as a binder and carrier in the manufacture of solid fuel tablets and pellets for camping stoves and portable heaters.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds application in the fabrication of medical devices such as catheters and surgical instruments for its biocompatibility and low friction properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is utilized in the production of adhesive tapes and labels as a tackifier to improve adhesion to various substrates.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed in the formulation of ceramic membranes for filtration applications, enhancing membrane integrity and performance.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds niche applications in the aerospace industry for its ability to enhance composite materials and reduce weight in aircraft structures.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is used in the formulation of detergents and cleaning agents as a soil release agent to prevent dirt and stains from redepositing on fabrics.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) serves as a binder and lubricant in the manufacture of graphite electrodes used in electric arc furnaces for steel production.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) finds application in the production of adhesive films and tapes for medical and industrial applications, providing strong yet flexible bonding properties.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is valued for its ability to improve the adhesion and cohesion of materials, enhancing the performance of adhesives and sealants.
In the textile industry, PVP is used as a sizing agent to improve the strength and handle of fibers and fabrics.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is soluble in a wide range of solvents, facilitating its use in various processes from pharmaceutical formulations to industrial applications.

Its molecular weight can vary widely depending on the intended application, influencing its viscosity and film-forming capabilities.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade if exposed to extreme temperatures or strong oxidizing agents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone)'s molecular structure includes repeating units of vinylpyrrolidone, giving it its unique physical and chemical properties.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) has found application in the development of advanced materials such as nanoparticles and drug delivery systems.
Its use in controlled-release formulations highlights its role in delivering drugs and active ingredients over extended periods.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is compatible with a variety of other polymers and additives, allowing for tailored formulations to meet specific performance requirements.

Due to its low toxicity and biocompatibility, PVP has been extensively studied for medical and pharmaceutical applications.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) undergoes thorough testing for purity and quality to ensure consistency and safety in its various applications.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stands out as a versatile polymer with diverse applications across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, textiles, and industrial sectors, contributing to product innovation and performance enhancement.



DESCRIPTION


Polivinilpirolidon, also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or simply Povidone, is a synthetic polymer that consists of repeating units of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is widely used in various industries and applications due to its unique properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is water-soluble and forms clear, colorless to light yellow solutions.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, commonly known as PVP, is a water-soluble polymer that plays a crucial role in various industries.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is characterized by its clear to slightly yellowish appearance in solution and as a solid.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) exhibits excellent film-forming properties, making it ideal for use in coatings and adhesives.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is inert and non-toxic, contributing to its widespread use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the environment, which can affect its handling and storage.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) forms stable complexes with many substances, enhancing solubility and bioavailability in pharmaceutical formulations.
In the pharmaceutical industry, PVP serves as a binder in tablets and capsules, improving their mechanical strength and dissolution properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is also utilized as a stabilizer and suspending agent in liquid formulations such as oral solutions and topical preparations.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone)'s ability to form films and coatings extends to the cosmetics industry, where it is used in hair care products like hairsprays and styling gels.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) acts as a protective colloid in emulsions and suspensions, preventing particle aggregation and ensuring product stability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) is employed in the production of wound dressings and medical adhesives due to its biocompatibility and non-irritating properties.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) contributes to the clarity and viscosity control of beverages and is used as a clarifying agent in the brewing industry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone)'s versatility extends to industrial applications, where Polyvinylpyrrolidone (polyvidone) serves as a dispersant in paints, coatings, and ink formulations.




PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White or slightly yellowish powder or flakes.
Odor: Odorless.
Solubility: Soluble in water and polar solvents such as ethanol and methanol.
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting.
Density: Varies depending on molecular weight and form (typically 1.1 - 1.3 g/cm³).
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the air.
pH: Generally neutral (pH ~7 in aqueous solution).


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C6H9NO)n, where n represents the number of repeating units.
Chemical Structure: Consists of repeating units of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
Functional Groups: Contains amide (-CONH-) and pyrrolidone ring structures.
Hydrogen Bonding: Forms hydrogen bonds with water and other polar molecules.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; decomposes at high temperatures (>200°C).
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of polymers, solvents, and additives.
Biodegradability: Generally considered non-biodegradable but can be modified for specific applications.
Reactivity: Inert and non-reactive under normal conditions; does not undergo significant chemical reactions.
Solubility Parameter: Solubility increases with increasing molecular weight.
Complex Formation: Forms stable complexes with various organic and inorganic substances.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if breathing has stopped.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected skin with plenty of water.
Wash thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation or rash develops, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, ensuring to remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately.


General Advice:

Ensure adequate ventilation when handling PVP powder to avoid inhalation of dust.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles, when handling large quantities.
Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact with PVP.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Dispose of PVP waste according to local regulations and guidelines.


Notes for Medical Personnel:

Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.
Provide respiratory support and monitor vital signs if necessary.
In case of eye contact, evaluate for corneal injury and provide appropriate treatment.


Emergency Contact:

In case of emergency, contact local emergency services or poison control center immediately.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)'s molecular formula is (C6H9NO)n, and its CAS number is 9003-39-8.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is white to off-white powder, odorless and tasteless, soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in acetone or ether.


CAS Number: 9003-39-8
EC Number: 618-363-4
MDL Number: MFCD01076626
Molecular Formula : (C6H9NO)n


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also known as povidone K30.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a non-ionic polymer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a high molecular polymer polymerized by N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP).


The average molecular weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is 40000.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is hygroscopic, has good adhesive properties, has a stable pH value, and has the ability to form transparent films.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) exists in white powder or aqueous solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) readily dissolves in water, alcohol, amine and halohydrocarbon, but is not dissolved in acetone and aether etc..
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)'s molecular formula is (C6H9NO)n, and its CAS number is 9003-39-8.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is white to off-white powder, odorless and tasteless, soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in acetone or ether.
PVP K30, also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), is a synthetic polymer produced from the monomer vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a white, free-flowing powder with a high molecular weight.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is water-soluble and has excellent film-forming and adhesive properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a low viscosity wet binder with a good balance between adhesive strength and ease of handling.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is highly adhesive at low viscosity, thus offering the optimal balance between adhesive strength and ease of handling at 2-5% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) or 4-7% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30).


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has excellent solubility in water and a range of organic solvents, and is supplied as a free flowing powder with spherical particle morphology.
Due to its non-ionic property, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) does not bear any risk of interaction with ionic APIs.


Ingredient Depot's Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), Povidone, or Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a synthetic polymer known for its versatility.
Offered as a near-white, free-flowing powder, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is characterized by a faint, intrinsic scent and is essentially tasteless.
Its unique property of being soluble in both water and numerous organic solvents, combined with a robust binding capacity and the capability to form soluble complexes, makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) unparalleled among synthetic colloids.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is produced through a polymerization process.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) acts as a stabiliser and film former, providing a strong and stiff hold.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer powder that shows excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) stabilises foam, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions.
The usage for Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) depends on the nature of the formulation, thus there is no exact recommended concentration.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer compound made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.
As a food additive, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a stabilizer and has E number E1201.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), commonly known as polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer created from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a compound which has been widely tested and used in human and veterinary medicine as an effective wound healing accelerator and disinfectant when combined with iodine and other compounds.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has the molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n and appears as a white to slightly off-white powder.
Povidone formulations are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to dissolve in both water and oil solvents.
The k number refers to the mean molecular weight of the povidone.


Povidones with higher K-values (i.e., k90) are not usually given by injection due to their high molecular weights.
The higher molecular weights prevent excretion by the kidneys and lead to accumulation in the body.
The best-known example of povidone formulations is povidone-iodine, an important disinfectant.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a water-soluble polymer of a non-ionic type that has a stable pH level.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) other names homopolymer of 1-Vinly-2-Pyrrolidone; polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a polymer that is amorphous and hygroscopic.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has Good solubility in water as well as various organic solvents; Good affinity to various polymers and resins; High hygroscopicity; Good film formation property; Good adhesiveness to various substrates; Good chelate / complex formation property.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a hygroscopic polymer, supplied in a white to creamy white powder or flakes, ranging from low to high viscosity & low to high molecular weight, which is characterized by K Value.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)’s easily soluble in water and many other organic solvents, with excellent hygroscopicity, film-forming, adhesive, chemical stability, and toxicological safeness characteristics.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a polymer that is amorphous and hygroscopic.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a water-soluble polymer of a non-ionic type that has a stable pH level.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) appears as a white powder.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a yellow viscous aqueous solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a polymer used as a pharmaceutical aid, complexing agent, and solubilized.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), also commonly called Polyvidone or Povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) exists in white powder or aqueous solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) exists as white or milk white powder or colorless or slight yellow transparent liquid.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can dissolve in water and a variety of organic solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has good hygroscopicity, film-forming capability, complexing ability and physiological compatibility.Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has an average molecular weight of 1,300,000 in Daltons.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is water-soluble, and is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a component of Denhardt′s Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), also known as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvidone, is a polymer used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablets.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer powder that shows excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has a molecule weight is 900,000-1,500,000daltons.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) makes the film sticky/hard.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is suitable for styling.
In the form of thick gels or creams or waxes provide strong-hold (hard hair) and long lasting.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely used world wide as local antiseptic for skin and appliance in surgical scrubs and injection, and as a good remedy for infection.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) also works as microbicide for kitchen utensils in family.


In addition, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) acts as good microbicide in food industry, breed aquatics industry and animal disease prevention.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has become the 1st-selected iodine-containing disinfector for medical treatment, sanitation and epidemic prevention in developed countries.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is broad-spectrum substance.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used as skin and equipment disinfectant before injection or surgery.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used as anti-infection treatment for oral, gynecological, surgical, skin, etc.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can also be used as disinfectants to family tableware and apparatus.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used as sterilizes, disinfects in the foodstuff industry, breeding aquatics, also prevents animal diseases etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also utilized in numerous technological applications, such as hot-melt adhesives and glue sticks.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process as a specific additive.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a disintegrant and emulsifier in the solution polymerization process.


Commercial Use: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)is widely used in Food Industry & Beverage industry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), Povidone Iodine has broad-spectrum germicidal action.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely used to clean our skin and equipment before injection or surgery.


Anti-infection treatment is another using area for Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30).
In our daily use, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) will disinfects family tableware and apparatus, sterilizes and disinfects in the foodstuff industry, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also used as blood volume expander.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Batteries, Films for water treatment and dialysis, Adhesives, Ceramics, Ink, Printing, Fibers and textiles, Personal care products, Semiconductors


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Daily Use Materials, Environment & Water treatments, Inks & Coatings, and Life science.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also used as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization
to increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT).


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in aqueous metal quenching
for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallization.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells.
Medical uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30): Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; it simply passes through the body when taken orally.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in various products such as solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps, and surgical scrubs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is sold under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among others.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions).
For this purpose, povidone iodine is as effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens.
Examples of this use include Bausch & Lomb's Ultra contact lenses with MoistureSeal Technology and Air Optix contact lens packaging solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a lubricant in some eye drops.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) possesses excellent adhesive,film-forming,dispersing and thickening properties,which are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is one of the three main accessory products recognized & approved worldwide.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used for use as a solubilizing agent, crystallization inhibitor, and suspension stabilizer in injectables and ophthalmic formulations.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used for use as a binder in tablets, capsules and granules, as a stabilizer for oral suspensions, film-forming agent, solubilizing agent, dispersant for pigments, as an enzyme stabilizer and to imrove bioavailability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used a highly effetive binder,for us as stabilizer in oral and topical suspensions, as a thickener, hydropilizing agent.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has excellent solubility,film-formingcapability, chemical stability,physiologicalinertia and cementability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers.
In in-vitro fertilisation laboratories, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used to slow down spermatozoa in order to capture them for e.g. ICSI.


In molecular biology, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification.
Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR.


In microscopy, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) acts as a stabilizer and film former. It provides strong and stiff hold.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer powder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) shows excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) stabilizes foam, emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) finds application in formulating hair care products like sprays, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams, colorants and novelty stylers.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) forms clear, hard, shiny and glossy films.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has good solubility, biocompatibility, and physiologically inert, film-forming character, colloid protect ability and compound ability to many organic or inorganic compounds.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also steady to acid, salt and heat, so it is widely used.
While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a film former in hair styling products, it can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Adhesives.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Binder for tablets, capsules and granules.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Coating agent.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Film forming agent.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Bioavailability enhancing agent.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Food stabilizer.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder in tablet formulations, improving the cohesion of tablet ingredients.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is utilized as a stabilizer, thickener, and film-forming agent in various applications such as hair gels, hair sprays, and skin care products.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used tablet binding and viscosifier
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely used in food, cosmetics, technology industries, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Adhesives, Ceramics, Glass and Glass Fibers, Coatings and Inks, Electronic Applications, Lithography and Photography, Fibers and Textiles, Membranes, Metallurgy, Paper, Polymerizations, and Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also used as assistant.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as dispersant in graphene and carbon nanotubes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a pore-forming agent for ultrafiltration membranes, Other fields like Paint and Coating, Plastics and Resin, Adhesives, Glass Fiber, Film, Ink, Detergent, Tabulating, Textile Dying and Printing, etc.


Ideal for various applications due to Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)'s adaptability and solubility properties.
This polymerization can be carried out in water or organic solutions.
Through the initiation of organic or inorganic radical starters, the resulting polymers span an extensive range of molecular weights.


The outcome is a versatile polymer that stands out due to its solubility in various solvents and its substantial binding power, making Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) indispensable for the pharmaceutical sector.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Binder for tablets, capsules, and granules, Bioavailability enhancement, Film formation, Solubilization, Lyophilizing agent, Stabilization, Adhesives, and Stabilization.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is water-soluble, and is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) finds application in formulating hair care products like sprays, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams, colourants and novelty stylers.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) forms clear, hard, shiny and glossy films.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in the plant tissue culture for inactivation or binding of polyphenols and alkaloids which are produced from explants.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is an alternative to active carbon.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in hair styling formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used by acting as a hair fixative


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in facial mask formulas.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) may be used as an emulsion stabiliser in creams and lotions, and as a dispersant for hair colourants.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used with Thickeners, emulsifiers, lubricants and clarifiers.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used by acting as a thickener / film former.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a ketone organic compound and can be used as a clarifier; stabilizer; thickener; tablet filler; dispersant.
Polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) with a molecular weight of 360,000 is often used as a clarifying agent for beer, vinegar, and wine.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a versatile chemical used extensively in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is made using a multistep synthetic process that culminates in the polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone in an aqueous solution with water and hydrogen peroxide.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) powder is extremely soluble in water and a variety of other organic solvents, forming a hard, transparent, glossy layer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is compatible with a wide range of inorganic salts and resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) helps to keep emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions stable.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), in addition to being utilised as a film forming and gel in hair styling products, can also be used as an emulsion stabiliser in creams, lotions, and shampoos.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), which has a high efficacy, can also be utilised in the production of toothpastes and mouthwashes.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a white powder that is cruelty-free, vegan-friendly, and ethical.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used to make additional sticky powders and gels in addition to being an efficient thickening agent and film maker for hair gels, hair sprays, and toothpastes.


Only the viscosity of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) limits its concentration of use.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)'s pH stable, non-ionic, and colourless, according to reports.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) works best in hair gels when combined with carbomer and other thickeners to provide a stiffer grip.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, is very compatible with most inorganic salts and, miraculously, with a wide range of resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is one of the broad-spectrum disinfectant for both human and animal health.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) works as a disinfectant aquatics and animals


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be an Anti-septic for gynecological nursing products, oral care formulations, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) appears as a white powder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has multiple industrial uses in cosmetics for hair gel and fixing, to laundry detergent, and also in industrial use as anti corrosive coating.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), also known as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvidone, is a polymer and used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablets.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Skincare, Personal Care, Haircare, Cosmetic
As a nonionic water-soluble polymer, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be applied in a variety of fields-of-use owing to following advantageous characteristics.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a tablet binder to break pills.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Suspending agent, dispersing agent, emulsifier
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can form a thin layer on the surface of the colloidal particles, which can prevent its condensation.


The film-forming properties of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) make it effective in many cosmetic products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) forms a hard glossy film on your skin that can be removed upon becoming sufficiently dry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) also possesses cohesive and adhesive properties.


As Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is available in a fine powdered form of white color, you can add it in different formulas conveniently.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) holds the hair in place irrespective of the climate, making it a great ingredient in hair styling products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) also gives a glossy texture and appearance to your hair.


You may also use Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) as a stabilizer as it also blends it with natural ingredients such as resins, inorganic salts, acrylate thickeners, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) proves to be effective as a dispersant in hair coloring solutions.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Cosmetics and personal care products such as lotions, toothpaste, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be made to be of sparkling white color by using this as one of the primary ingredients.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also available in the form of crystals or flakes but Powdered Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is the best and convenient to use as it can be easily mixed and added to formulas in different stages.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also used in pharmaceutical products especially as an adhesive to bind the ingredients of tablets.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)r possesses cleansing properties as well due to which it is also used in surface cleaners, home cleaners, dishwashing solutions, laundry detergents, and much more.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes.
As a food additive, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a stabilizer and has E number E1201.
While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a film former in hair styling products, it can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants.


Additionally, pharmaceutical grade Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used tablet binding, modified release, and viscosifier.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Clarifier; Pigment stabilizer; Colloid stabilizer, thickener; Tablet filler; dispersant.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is often used as clarifying agent for beer, vinegar, wine, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as stationary liquid for gas chromatography
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Complex of PVP-I as disinfectant


When used in daily cosmetics, PVP and copolymers have good dispersibility and film-forming property, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used as styling liquid, styling agent of hair spray and mousse, shading agent of hair conditioner, foam stabilizer of shampoo, wave styling agent, and dispersant and affinity agent of hair dye.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used to absorb phenols and tannic acid from water extracts to purify plant enzymes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as chromatographic adsorbent to separate aromatic acids, aldehydes and phenols.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a colloidal stabilizer and clarifier.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used for the clarification of beer, according to the production needs of the appropriate amount of use.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used Disinfectants for medical, aquaculture and animal husbandry.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used for disinfection of skin and mucous membrane.
Other Industrial Application of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) include: Suspensant, disperser and emulsifier, Glass fiber, Detergent, Plastics and resin, Ink, Paint and coating, Textile dying and printing, Film, and Adhesive.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a solubilizer and complexing agent.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) forms clear, hard, shiny and glossy films.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) acts as a stabiliser and film former, providing a strong and stiff hold.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) may be used as an emulsion stabiliser in creams and lotions, and as a dispersant for hair colourants.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has the molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n and appears as a white to slightly off-white powder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) formulations are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to dissolve in both water and oil solvents.
Povidones with higher K-values (i.e., Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)) are not usually given by injection due to their high molecular weights.


Industries uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30): Food & Beverage | Personal Care
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as stationary liquid for gas chromatography.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), also known as K90 is a water-soluble polymer with good bio-stability.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is chemically stable, has low toxicity and is biocompatible.
Hence, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is useful in a variety of applications such as cosmetics, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is ideal for gels, mousses, styling creams/lotions, hair colourants, pomades, waxes, and pastes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) stabilizes foam, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is available for Cosmetic/Personal care applications,they are requested subject to special quality and purity controls of the cosmetic/personal care formulations needed.
Additionally, pharmaceutical grade Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.


-Pharmaceutical uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a new and excellent pharmaceutical excipient.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is mainly used as binder for tablet, dissolving assistant for injection, flow assistant for capsule, dispersant for liquid medicine and stain, stabilizer for enzyme and heat sensitive drug, coprecipitant for poorly soluble drugs, lubricator and antitoxic assistant for eye drug.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) works as excipients in more than one hundreds drugs.


-Cosmetics uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used as film-forming agent, viscosity-enhancement agent, lubricator and adhesive.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is the key component of hair sprays, mousse, gels and lotions & solution, hair-dying reagent and shampoo in hair-care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used as assistant in skin-care products, eye makeup, lipstick, deodorant, sunscreen and dentifrice.


-Other uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity.
This has led to Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)'s application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers.


-Skin Cleansers uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Because of its strong surfactant qualities, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be a beneficial ingredient in the manufacture of high-quality skin cleansers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) attracts oil, filth, and grime that accumulate on your skin, allowing for easy rinsing.


-Hair Products uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is the finest ingredient for both men and women when it comes to making high-quality hair care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) avoids flaky residues by protecting your hair's natural oils, giving them a lustrous appearance.


-Bubble Bath Formulations uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be utilised to make high-quality bubble bath products that are gentle on all skin types.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) exfoliates and removes pollutants, improving skin brightness while washing, degreasing, and hydrating the skin.


-Batteries uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
*Dispersants:
Dispersion of metal oxides and carbon materials
Soluble in water and NMP to make slurry


-Membranes for water treatment and dialysis uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
*Compatibilizers, Hydrophilic agents, Pore forming agents:
Soluble in amide solvents, and disperses uniformly in polysulfones, etc.
Highly hydrophilic, Forms pores by washing membranes in water,
Makes hydrophobic film surfaces hydrophilic


-Adhesives uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
*Pressure-sensitive adhesives, Rewetting adhesives, Food packaging (non-contact):
Adhesion to a wide range of base materials such as plastics, glass, and metals etc.
Highly hydrophilic, highly water-absorbing
Low toxicity


-Ceramics uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
*Binders and Dispersants:
Excellent dispersion of metal oxides
Binds to a wide range of materials


-Ink, Printing, Fibers and textiles uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
*Dispersants and Sizing agents:
Pigment dispersion, binding properties
Easily water soluble


-Personal care products uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
*Setting agents, Thickeners, and Humectants:
Highly adhesive, easily water soluble
Form retention
Hydrophilic


-Semiconductors uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
*Resist, Polishing solutions, and Cleaning solutions:
Easily water soluble, dispersion of inorganic substances


-Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a nonionic, water-soluble polymer with the following features.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be suitable for the usage of various applications and fields.
*Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in various solvents (e.g.: water, alcohol, amide and chlorineated solvents)
*Heat Resistance （Tg=160-170℃）
*Highly hygroscopicity
*Good film-forming properties
*Adhesion
*Ability to form complexes


-In Pharmaceutical Industry uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) possess excellent adhesive,film-forming,dispersing and thickening properties,and are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Low molecular weight Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), often used as a solubilizing agent, crystallization inhibitor and suspension stabilizer in injection and ophthalmic formulations such as PVP K12,K15,K17.

Medium Molecular Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), often used as binder in tablets,capsules and granules, as a stabilizer for oral suspensions,film-forming agent,solubilizing agent, dispersant for pigments, as an enzyme stabilizer and to improve bioavailability.

High molecular Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), as highly effective binder, often used as stabilizer in oral and topical suspension, as a thickener, hydropylizing agent such as PVP K90.


-Pharmaceuticals uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used to improve the solubility of a variety of medicines and medications.
The efficacy of end product items can be boosted up to twofold by utilising polyvinyl pyrrolidone as solubility enhancers.


-Hair Gels uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used in hair styling applications like hair gels, pomades, etc. because of its ability to retain the form and hardness of hair irrespective of the weather conditions.
Its capacity to resist heat and humidity makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) one of the best ingredients for hair styling products.


-Moisturizers uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone or PVP K-90 can be used in skincare products like lotions and moisturizers, due to its efficient hygroscopic properties. It retains the moisture content of your skin for a long time and rejuvenates your skin deeply to make it soft, plump, and smooth.


-Effective Skin Cleansers uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone can be an effective ingredient in manufacturing process of high quality skin cleansers due to its efficient and best in class surfactant properties, which attract oil, dirt and grime that accumulate on your skin, thereby aiding in easy rinsing away.


-Hair Products uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone is the best ingredient in the preparation of good quality hair care products for both men and women. It prevents flaky residues by preserving the natural oils of your hair and thereby giving them a glossy appearance.


-Bubble Bath Formulations of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone can be used in the manufacturing of high quality bubble bath products which cleanse all types of skin. It helps in cleansing, degreasing and moisturizing the skin by exfoliating and removing impurities, promoting skin radiance.


-Perfumes & Fragrances uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone can be used in volatile compounds, making it a useful ingredient in fragrances as it helps to retain the flavor or aroma in them for a long time.
The excellent stabilizing properties of PVP K-90 are also used in hair and skin conditioners these days.


-In Pharmaceutical Industry uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a kind of new excellent pharmaceutical excipient.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is mainly used as binder for tablet and granule, dissolving assistant for injection, flow assistant for capsule, dispersant for liquid medicine and pigment, stabilizer for enzyme and heat-sensitive drug, coprecipitant for poorly soluble drugs, lubricator and antitoxic assistant for eye drug.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has been used as excipient in more than one hundred drugs.
With excellent adhesive, film-forming, dispersing and thickening properties, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90 works as highly effective binder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is often used as stabilizer in oral and topical suspension, as a thickener, hydropylizing agent, etc.


-In Cosmetic Industry uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely applied in a wide range in hair care, skin care & oral care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is particularly suitable for formulations where viscosity modification and film forming properties are needed.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is particularly suited to hair styling products.
The higher molecular weight products such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) better choice where high viscosity are needed in applications.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely used in cosmetics such as Hair Gels, Hair mousses, Liquid hair setting preparations, Pump Sprays.


-TV tube uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)acts as a film former.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) forms clear, hard & glossy film.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is suggested for use in hair styling formulations.



FUNCTION OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) that is considered to be physiologically inert and can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be used as a viscosity modifier, detergent component, media component in solution chemistry, and for the control of dyes and inks.



IN COSMETIC INDUSTRY USES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used widely in a wide range in hair care, skin care & oral care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is particularly suitable for formulations where viscosity modification and film forming properties are required.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is particularly suited to hair styling products.
The medium molecular weights such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) are preferred where viscosity is critical in applications, for example, spray.
The higher molecular weight products such as PVP K90 are the best choice where high viscosity are required in applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely used in cosmetics as followings:
*Hair Gels
*Hair mousses
*Liquid hair setting preparations
*Pump Sprays



INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
* Suspensant, disperser and emulsifier
* Glass fiber
* Detergent
* Plastics and resin
* Ink, paint and coating
* Textile dying and printing
* Film and adhesive
* TV tube



PREFERRED INDUSTRIES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
*Pharmaceuticals
*Cosmetics
*Food and Beverage
*Chemicals
*Plastics Manufacturing
*Paints and Coatings
*Textiles
*Printing
*Ceramics
*Adhesives



PROPERTY OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
1) Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) exists as white, creamy white powder or aquous solution.
2) Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can dissolve in water and a variety of organic solvents.
3) Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has good hygroscopicity, film-forming capability, complexing ability and physiology compatibility



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
*highly adhesive polymer- excellent tablet binding capacity at low concentration producing hard, non-friable tablets
*excellent solubility in water and non polar solvents- can be added as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution to wet granulation tablet processes.
*dissolves quickly; does not delay disintegration or dissolution

*forms lubricious hydrogels and coatings for medical devices
low solution viscosity- workable solution viscosity at high polymer levels makes it easy-to-use in granulation and other manufacturing equipment

*non-ionic- solution viscosity is not affected by changes in pH or the presence of electrolytes, ill not form complexes or interact with ionic drug actives
*interfacially active- acts as a drug solubilizer, inhibits crystallization of drug actives and inactive ingredients, stabilizes suspensions, dispersions and emulsions



CLAIMS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
*Thickeners & Stabilizers
*Film Formers
*glossy/ultra-glossy
*hold
*shine / radiance
*foam quality
*hardening



PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a white or creamy white powder,odourless,nontoxic,non-irritant,dissolves readily in water,alcohol,amine and many other organic solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely used in pharmaceutical fields,

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in water and other polar solvents.
For example, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).

When dry Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water.
In solution, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films.
This makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) good as a coating or an additive to coatings.
A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) and its oxidized hydrolyzate.



ADVANTAGES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
-Treatment and prevention of infection in wounds.
-Broad range of microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
-Universally preferred iodine antiseptic.



BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
- For use in enhancing liquid flavor
- Binds different Ingredients together
- Stabilizes Emulsion & Dispersion
- Maintain the viscosity of formula



FRAGRANCES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be found in volatile compounds, making it a helpful element in fragrances since it helps to preserve the flavour or aroma.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)'s outstanding stabilising capabilities are now employed in hair and skin conditioners.



FUNCTIONS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
*Adhesion
*Dispersion / Aggregation
*Wash / Decomposition / Dissolution



PHARMACODYNAMICS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) itself has no microbicidal activity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) exhibits rapid, potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a water-soluble complex that mediates a bactericidal or virucidal action following the gradual liberation of free iodine from the complex at the application site to react with the pathogen.



KEY ATTRIBUTES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
* Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticisers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is considered to be physiologically inert.
* High Polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.
* Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30).
* Hydrophilicity, where the water solubility of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.
* Adhesion



HISTORY OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) was first synthesized by BASF chemist Walter Reppe, and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production.
BASF continues to make Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), including a pharmaceutical portfolio under the brand name of Kollidon.



BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
• Stabilised emulsions
• Water soluble
• Compatible with inorganic salts
• Forms a hard film



TABLET BINDING OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
The application of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) in high shear mixers or fluid-bed granulators yields granules that are notably hard, offering a smooth flow and minimal fines.
This result is a binding strength, ideal for sturdy, robust production output.

In terms of binder quantities, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is typically between 2% and 5% relative to the tablet weight.
Also suitable for direct compression, even without granulation.
The process calls for a specific humidity level, given the need for the powder mixture to maintain a certain moisture content for optimal binding.

Additionally, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) alongside microcrystalline cellulose enhances tablet hardness and reinforces their edges.
For lactose monohydrate tablets with a Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) composition via wet granulation, the polymer also proves valuable.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30)'s apt for modern procedures such as fluidized-bed granulation.

Given its relatively low viscosity, solutions of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) can be rapidly prepared and easily sprayed, resulting in uniformly hard, dust-free granules.
When pigmentation is involved in the spraying process, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30), Povidone notably enhances the distribution of these pigments.



THE SOLUBILITY DYNAMICS CAN VARY GREATLY BASED ON THE SOLVENT USED:
*Soluble in:
chloroform, cyclohexanol, ethanol abs., glycerol, isopropanol, methanol, methylene chloride, n-butanol, n-propanol, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400 ,propylene glycol, triethanolamine, and water
*Insoluble in:
pentane, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
*highly adhesive polymer- excellent tablet binding capacity at low concentrations producing hard, non-friable tablets
*excellent solubility in water and non-polar solvents- can be added as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution to wet granulation tablet processes
*dissolves quickly- does not delay disintegration or dissolution
low solution viscosity- workable solution viscosity at high polymer levels makes it easy to use in granulation and other manufacturing equipment
*non-ionic- solution- viscosity is not affected by changes in pH or the presence of electrolytes, will not form complexes or interact with ionic drug actives
*interfacially active- acts as a drug solubilizer, inhibits crystallization of drug actives and inactive ingredients, stabilizes suspensions, dispersions and emulsions



NATURE OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is a white powder, with slightly odor. Hygroscopic.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has for a variety of substances have a strong ability to complex adsorption.



STANDARD OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is obtained by polymerizing pyrrolidone and ethylene under pressure to form a vinyl pyrrolidone monomer by the action of a catalyst.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has an average molecular weight of 3.8x 104 and a molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n, where n represents the average number of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone moieties.



PREPARATION METHOD OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is obtained by polymerizing n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in the presence of a basic catalyst or N,N'-vinyltriazole, followed by purification.



TRAIT OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is white to milky white powder; Odorless or slightly odorous, tasteless; With hygroscopicity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in water, ethanol, isopropanol or chloroform, and insoluble in acetone or ether.



SOLUBILITY OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) readily dissolve in water, alcohol, amine and halohydrocarbon, but are not dissolved in acetone and aether etc..
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has good solubility, biocompatibility, and physiologically inert, film-forming character, colloid protect ability and compound ability to many organic or inorganic compounds.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also steady to acid, salt and heat, so it is widely used.



HOME CARE FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
- acts as rheology modifier
- is a highly adhesive tablet binder
- stabilizes emulsion and structures liquid products
- provides anti-soil redeposition, enzyme stabilization and dye transfer inhibition
- functions as binder and protective coating for enzymes
- provides surface shine enhancement
- forms hard, transparent, glossy films



MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is made by a process called polymerization in which N-vinylpyrrolidone is used as the source material along with hydrogen peroxide.



POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30) BENEFITS:
*Solubility
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is soluble in alcoholic solvents and H2O.
However, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is not soluble in hydrocarbons and oils.

Avoid adding Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) when the formula is in the oil-phase.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is also used as a solubilizing agent because of its ability to blend and dissolve a variety of biochemicals and natural ingredients in emulsions.

*Versatile
As a stable ingredient you can add Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) to formulas without worrying about their pH balance.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is blended with a variety of ingredients.
You can use Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) for making a wide range of cosmetic and skincare products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) doesn’t add a huge amount of this powder as it might make your emulsions too thick.

*Non-toxic Nature
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, so it is safe for human health.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) has been utilized for improving the storage quality of cosmetic products, for instance hair gels, shampoos indicating its non-toxic nature.

*Controlling Viscosity
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) helps in the reduction of the viscosity of different formulations and can thin creams, lotions, and gels effectively.
The formulations become easier to spread with the help of this powdered cosmetic raw material.

*Cosmetic Product
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is used as a dispersant in pigments and it is also effective as a stabilizer for oral care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) also proves to be effective in improving the bioavailability of solutions.
As a stabilizer, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) proves to be useful in enhancing the overall shelf-life of cosmetic products.

*Solubility Enhancers
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) is an excellent solubility enhancer and can be used in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the cosmetic industry to enhance the solubility of various drugs and cosmetic products, thereby increasing their efficacy.



BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
• Strong, stiff hold
• Stabilised emulsions, dispersions and suspensions
• Foam stabiliser
• Excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners
The usage of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) depends on the nature of the formulation, thus there is no exact recommended concentration.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
Physical state: powder
Color: beige
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 5,0 - 8 at 10 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
CAS No.: 9003-39-8
Density: 1.144g/cm3
Molecular Formula: C6H9NO
Boiling point: 217.6°C
Melting point: 130°C
Flashing point: 93.9°C
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Light sensitive.
Hygroscopic.
Appearance: White powder
Storage: Store at RT.
CAS: 9003-39-8
Mol. Formula: (C6H9NO)n
HSN Code: 39059910
Mol. Weight: ~40000
Appearance (Form): Powder
Appearance (Colour): White
Maximum limits of impurities
Residual monomer content: 0.8%

Water content: 5%
Sulphate ash: 0.02%
pH: 3-7
K-value: 27-32.4
Viscosity: at 25° C (5% aqu. solution) About 2.4 cP
CAS:9003-39-8
MF:CH4
MW:16.04246
EINECS:1312995-182-4
Mol File:9003-39-8.mol Melting point:~165 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Boiling point:90-93 °C
Density 1,69 g/cm3
storage temp. Store at RT.
solubility H2O: soluble100mg/mL
form: powder
color: White to yellow-white
PH: 3.0-5.0
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7697
Stability:Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Light sensitive.
Hygroscopic.

Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Grade: Laboratory Reagent (LR)
CAS: 9003-39-8
Molecular Weight: Approx. 40000
CAS No: 9003-39-8
Molecular Weight: ~30kD
Appearance: Off-white to white powder
Vinylpyrrolidone (HPLC)≤0.001%
pH: (10%)3.0-5.0
K Value: 27-32.4
Total aerobic microbial count: <200cfu/g
Total combined yeast/mold counts: <20cfu/g
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: (C6H9NO)n
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 9003-39-8
PubChem Substance ID: 87574663
Merck Index (14): 7697
MDL Number: MFCD01076626

Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Molar Mass: 111.143
Density: 1,69 g/cm3
Melting Point: 130℃
Boling Point: 90-93 °C
Water Solubility: >=10 g/100 mL at 20 C
Appearance: White powder
Storage Condition: Room Temprature
Melting Point: 130°C
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: (C6H9NO)n
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Air Sensitive,Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 9003-39-8
PubChem Substance ID: 87574664
Merck Index (14): 7697
MDL Number: MFCD01076626
CAS: 9003-39-8
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n

Molecular Weight (g/mol): 111.14
MDL Number: MFCD01076626
InChI Key: WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Color: White
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 Average Molecular Wt. 360,000
Characteristics: White or yellowish-white, hydroscopic powder
Identification A, B, C: Positive
K-value: 81.0-97.2
Residue on ignition: 0.10%max
Vinylpyrrolidone: 0.20% max
Water: 5.0% max
Heavy metals (as Pb): 10ppm max
Hydrazine: 1ppm max
Nitrogen: 11.5-12.8%
Aldehydes (as acetaldehyde): 0.05% max
pH value (5% water solution): 3.0-7.0
Chemical Formula: (C6H9NO)n
CAS Number: 9003-39-8
IUPAC Name: Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90

INCI Name: Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Molecular Weight: 111.14 grams/mole
Specific Gravity: N/A
Boiling Point: 165 °C
Flash Point: N/A
Odor: Bland
pH Level: 3 to 7
HLB Value: 18
Color: White or off-white
Grade Standard: Technical Grade
Shelf Life: 24 months
Purity (%): 99%
Form: Powder
Alternative Names: PVP
Solubility: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
hygroscopic



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-30):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
PVP
Povidone
1-Ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
PVP
Povidone
PVPP
Crospovidone
Polyvidone
PNVP
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidon homopolymer
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon-Polymere
Kollidon
Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidine
Sokalan K30
Kollidon 30
Povidone 30
1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
Povidone
Polyvidone
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]
9003-39-8
PVP
Polyvidone
Povidone
PVP
Povidone K-90
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]
PVP
K-30
PVP-K
PVP-K30
PVP-K17
PVP-K25
PVP-K90
Povidone
PVP K 30
Crospovidone
Polyinylpyrrolidone
Polyvinylpyrrolidine
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Polyvinglpyrrolidone
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
poly vinyl pyrrolidone
vinisil
vinylpyrrolidonepolymer
PVP K30 USP24
PVP K120
K30 PVP K30
K 30 POVIDONE K 30 BP/USP
PVP H-30
PVP K 30 TECHNICAL GRADE
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 60
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE-DIVERGAN RS
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE
POLYVIDONUM
PLASDONE XL
PLANT AC
PVPD
Polyvinylpyrolidone PVP/PA Copolymer
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONEPOLYMERS
polyvinylpyrrolidone, povidone
POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE) (LOW M.WT.)
POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE) (MED. M.WT.)
CROSPOIRDONE
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (K30) (POVIDONE)
POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE (PVP-40)
pvp2
pvp3
k-30
pvp4
pvpd
pvp
pop
k60
k25
k115
PVP K-90 15% Solution
2-Pyrrolidinone,1-Ethenyl-,Homopolymer
PVP K-90
Plasdone K-90
Agrimer
Albigen A
Hemodesis
K90
Luviskol K90
Plasdone
Povidone
PVPP
PVP-K 90
PVP
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene)
Povidone K-90
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymers
2-Pyrrolidinone,
1-ethenyl, homopolymer
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-vinyl-, polymers
N-Vinylpyrrolidinone polymer
N-Vinylbutyrolactam polymer
N-Vinylpyrrolidone polymer
Poly(n-vinlybutyrolactam)
Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidinone)
Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidinone)
Vinylpyrrolidinone polymer
Vinylpyrrolidone polymer

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a polymer that is amorphous and hygroscopic.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a water-soluble polymer of a non-ionic type that has a stable pH level.


CAS Number: 9003-39-8
EC Number: 618-363-4
MDL Number: MFCD01076626
Molecular Formula : (C6H9NO)x


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) other names homopolymer of 1-Vinly-2-Pyrrolidone; polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has Good solubility in water as well as various organic solvents; Good affinity to various polymers and resins; High hygroscopicity; Good film formation property; Good adhesiveness to various substrates; Good chelate / complex formation property.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a hygroscopic polymer, supplied in a white to creamy white powder or flakes, ranging from low to high viscosity & low to high molecular weight, which is characterized by K Value.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)’s easily soluble in water and many other organic solvents, with excellent hygroscopicity, film-forming, adhesive, chemical stability, and toxicological safeness characteristics.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a polymer that is amorphous and hygroscopic.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a water-soluble polymer of a non-ionic type that has a stable pH level.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) appears as a white powder.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a yellow viscous aqueous solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a polymer used as a pharmaceutical aid, complexing agent, and solubilized.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), also commonly called Polyvidone or Povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) exists in white powder or aqueous solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) exists as white or milk white powder or colorless or slight yellow transparent liquid.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can dissolve in water and a variety of organic solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has good hygroscopicity, film-forming capability, complexing ability and physiological compatibility.Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has an average molecular weight of 1,300,000 in Daltons.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is water-soluble, and is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a component of Denhardt′s Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), also known as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvidone, is a polymer used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablets.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer powder that shows excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has a molecule weight is 900,000-1,500,000daltons.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) makes the film sticky/hard.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is suitable for styling.
In the form of thick gels or creams or waxes provide strong-hold (hard hair) and long lasting.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)'s molecular formula is (C6H9NO)n, and its CAS number is 9003-39-8.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is white to off-white powder, odorless and tasteless, soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in acetone or ether.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also known as povidone K30.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a non-ionic polymer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a high molecular polymer polymerized by N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP).


The average molecular weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is 40000.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is hygroscopic, has good adhesive properties, has a stable pH value, and has the ability to form transparent films.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) exists in white powder or aqueous solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) readily dissolves in water, alcohol, amine and halohydrocarbon, but is not dissolved in acetone and aether etc..
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)'s molecular formula is (C6H9NO)n, and its CAS number is 9003-39-8.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is white to off-white powder, odorless and tasteless, soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in acetone or ether.
PVP K30, also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), is a synthetic polymer produced from the monomer vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a white, free-flowing powder with a high molecular weight.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is water-soluble and has excellent film-forming and adhesive properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a low viscosity wet binder with a good balance between adhesive strength and ease of handling.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is highly adhesive at low viscosity, thus offering the optimal balance between adhesive strength and ease of handling at 2-5% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) or 4-7% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90).


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has excellent solubility in water and a range of organic solvents, and is supplied as a free flowing powder with spherical particle morphology.
Due to its non-ionic property, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) does not bear any risk of interaction with ionic APIs.


Ingredient Depot's Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), Povidone, or Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a synthetic polymer known for its versatility.
Offered as a near-white, free-flowing powder, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is characterized by a faint, intrinsic scent and is essentially tasteless.
Its unique property of being soluble in both water and numerous organic solvents, combined with a robust binding capacity and the capability to form soluble complexes, makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) unparalleled among synthetic colloids.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is produced through a polymerization process.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) acts as a stabiliser and film former, providing a strong and stiff hold.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer powder that shows excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) stabilises foam, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions.
The usage for Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) depends on the nature of the formulation, thus there is no exact recommended concentration.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer compound made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.
As a food additive, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a stabilizer and has E number E1201.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), commonly known as polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer created from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a compound which has been widely tested and used in human and veterinary medicine as an effective wound healing accelerator and disinfectant when combined with iodine and other compounds.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has the molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n and appears as a white to slightly off-white powder.
Povidone formulations are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to dissolve in both water and oil solvents.
The k number refers to the mean molecular weight of the povidone.


Povidones with higher K-values (i.e., k90) are not usually given by injection due to their high molecular weights.
The higher molecular weights prevent excretion by the kidneys and lead to accumulation in the body.
The best-known example of povidone formulations is povidone-iodine, an important disinfectant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Skincare, Personal Care, Haircare, Cosmetic
As a nonionic water-soluble polymer, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be applied in a variety of fields-of-use owing to following advantageous characteristics.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a tablet binder to break pills.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Suspending agent, dispersing agent, emulsifier
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can form a thin layer on the surface of the colloidal particles, which can prevent its condensation.


The film-forming properties of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) make it effective in many cosmetic products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) forms a hard glossy film on your skin that can be removed upon becoming sufficiently dry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) also possesses cohesive and adhesive properties.


As Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is available in a fine powdered form of white color, you can add it in different formulas conveniently.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) holds the hair in place irrespective of the climate, making it a great ingredient in hair styling products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) also gives a glossy texture and appearance to your hair.


You may also use Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) as a stabilizer as it also blends it with natural ingredients such as resins, inorganic salts, acrylate thickeners, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) proves to be effective as a dispersant in hair coloring solutions.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Cosmetics and personal care products such as lotions, toothpaste, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be made to be of sparkling white color by using this as one of the primary ingredients.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also available in the form of crystals or flakes but Powdered Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is the best and convenient to use as it can be easily mixed and added to formulas in different stages.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also used in pharmaceutical products especially as an adhesive to bind the ingredients of tablets.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)r possesses cleansing properties as well due to which it is also used in surface cleaners, home cleaners, dishwashing solutions, laundry detergents, and much more.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes.
As a food additive, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a stabilizer and has E number E1201.
While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a film former in hair styling products, it can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants.


Additionally, pharmaceutical grade Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used tablet binding, modified release, and viscosifier.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Clarifier; Pigment stabilizer; Colloid stabilizer, thickener; Tablet filler; dispersant.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is often used as clarifying agent for beer, vinegar, wine, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as stationary liquid for gas chromatography
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Complex of PVP-I as disinfectant


When used in daily cosmetics, PVP and copolymers have good dispersibility and film-forming property, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used as styling liquid, styling agent of hair spray and mousse, shading agent of hair conditioner, foam stabilizer of shampoo, wave styling agent, and dispersant and affinity agent of hair dye.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used to absorb phenols and tannic acid from water extracts to purify plant enzymes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as chromatographic adsorbent to separate aromatic acids, aldehydes and phenols.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a colloidal stabilizer and clarifier.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used for the clarification of beer, according to the production needs of the appropriate amount of use.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Disinfectants for medical, aquaculture and animal husbandry.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used for disinfection of skin and mucous membrane.
Other Industrial Application of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) include: Suspensant, disperser and emulsifier, Glass fiber, Detergent, Plastics and resin, Ink, Paint and coating, Textile dying and printing, Film, and Adhesive.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a solubilizer and complexing agent.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) forms clear, hard, shiny and glossy films.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) acts as a stabiliser and film former, providing a strong and stiff hold.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) may be used as an emulsion stabiliser in creams and lotions, and as a dispersant for hair colourants.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has the molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n and appears as a white to slightly off-white powder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) formulations are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to dissolve in both water and oil solvents.
Povidones with higher K-values (i.e., Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)) are not usually given by injection due to their high molecular weights.


Industries uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90): Food & Beverage | Personal Care
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as stationary liquid for gas chromatography.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), also known as K90 is a water-soluble polymer with good bio-stability.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is chemically stable, has low toxicity and is biocompatible.
Hence, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is useful in a variety of applications such as cosmetics, tissue engineering, and biomedical engineering.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is ideal for gels, mousses, styling creams/lotions, hair colourants, pomades, waxes, and pastes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) stabilizes foam, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely used world wide as local antiseptic for skin and appliance in surgical scrubs and injection, and as a good remedy for infection.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) also works as microbicide for kitchen utensils in family.


In addition, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) acts as good microbicide in food industry, breed aquatics industry and animal disease prevention.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has become the 1st-selected iodine-containing disinfector for medical treatment, sanitation and epidemic prevention in developed countries.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is broad-spectrum substance.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used as skin and equipment disinfectant before injection or surgery.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used as anti-infection treatment for oral, gynecological, surgical, skin, etc.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can also be used as disinfectants to family tableware and apparatus.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used as sterilizes, disinfects in the foodstuff industry, breeding aquatics, also prevents animal diseases etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also utilized in numerous technological applications, such as hot-melt adhesives and glue sticks.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process as a specific additive.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a disintegrant and emulsifier in the solution polymerization process.


Commercial Use: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)is widely used in Food Industry & Beverage industry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), Povidone Iodine has broad-spectrum germicidal action.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely used to clean our skin and equipment before injection or surgery.


Anti-infection treatment is another using area for Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90).
In our daily use, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) will disinfects family tableware and apparatus, sterilizes and disinfects in the foodstuff industry, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also used as blood volume expander.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Batteries, Films for water treatment and dialysis, Adhesives, Ceramics, Ink, Printing, Fibers and textiles, Personal care products, Semiconductors


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Daily Use Materials, Environment & Water treatments, Inks & Coatings, and Life science.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also used as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization
to increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT).


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in aqueous metal quenching
for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallization.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells.
Medical uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90): Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; it simply passes through the body when taken orally.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in various products such as solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps, and surgical scrubs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is sold under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among others.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions).
For this purpose, povidone iodine is as effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens.
Examples of this use include Bausch & Lomb's Ultra contact lenses with MoistureSeal Technology and Air Optix contact lens packaging solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a lubricant in some eye drops.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) possesses excellent adhesive,film-forming,dispersing and thickening properties,which are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is one of the three main accessory products recognized & approved worldwide.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used for use as a solubilizing agent, crystallization inhibitor, and suspension stabilizer in injectables and ophthalmic formulations.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used for use as a binder in tablets, capsules and granules, as a stabilizer for oral suspensions, film-forming agent, solubilizing agent, dispersant for pigments, as an enzyme stabilizer and to imrove bioavailability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used a highly effetive binder,for us as stabilizer in oral and topical suspensions, as a thickener, hydropilizing agent.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has excellent solubility,film-formingcapability, chemical stability,physiologicalinertia and cementability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers.
In in-vitro fertilisation laboratories, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used to slow down spermatozoa in order to capture them for e.g. ICSI.


In molecular biology, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification.
Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR.


In microscopy, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) acts as a stabilizer and film former. It provides strong and stiff hold.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a hygroscopic and amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer powder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) shows excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) stabilizes foam, emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) finds application in formulating hair care products like sprays, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams, colorants and novelty stylers.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) forms clear, hard, shiny and glossy films.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has good solubility, biocompatibility, and physiologically inert, film-forming character, colloid protect ability and compound ability to many organic or inorganic compounds.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also steady to acid, salt and heat, so it is widely used.
While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a film former in hair styling products, it can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Adhesives.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Binder for tablets, capsules and granules.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Coating agent.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Film forming agent.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Bioavailability enhancing agent.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Food stabilizer.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder in tablet formulations, improving the cohesion of tablet ingredients.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is utilized as a stabilizer, thickener, and film-forming agent in various applications such as hair gels, hair sprays, and skin care products.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used tablet binding and viscosifier
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely used in food, cosmetics, technology industries, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Adhesives, Ceramics, Glass and Glass Fibers, Coatings and Inks, Electronic Applications, Lithography and Photography, Fibers and Textiles, Membranes, Metallurgy, Paper, Polymerizations, and Water and Wastewater Treatment.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also used as assistant.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as dispersant in graphene and carbon nanotubes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a pore-forming agent for ultrafiltration membranes, Other fields like Paint and Coating, Plastics and Resin, Adhesives, Glass Fiber, Film, Ink, Detergent, Tabulating, Textile Dying and Printing, etc.


Ideal for various applications due to Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)'s adaptability and solubility properties.
This polymerization can be carried out in water or organic solutions.
Through the initiation of organic or inorganic radical starters, the resulting polymers span an extensive range of molecular weights.


The outcome is a versatile polymer that stands out due to its solubility in various solvents and its substantial binding power, making Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) indispensable for the pharmaceutical sector.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used Binder for tablets, capsules, and granules, Bioavailability enhancement, Film formation, Solubilization, Lyophilizing agent, Stabilization, Adhesives, and Stabilization.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) may be used as an emulsion stabiliser in creams and lotions, and as a dispersant for hair colourants.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is water-soluble, and is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) finds application in formulating hair care products like sprays, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams, colourants and novelty stylers.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) forms clear, hard, shiny and glossy films.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in the plant tissue culture for inactivation or binding of polyphenols and alkaloids which are produced from explants.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is an alternative to active carbon.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in hair styling formulations. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used by acting as a hair fixative
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in facial mask formulas.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used by acting as a thickener / film former.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a ketone organic compound and can be used as a clarifier; stabilizer; thickener; tablet filler; dispersant.
Polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) with a molecular weight of 360,000 is often used as a clarifying agent for beer, vinegar, and wine.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used with Thickeners, emulsifiers, lubricants and clarifiers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a versatile chemical used extensively in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is made using a multistep synthetic process that culminates in the polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone in an aqueous solution with water and hydrogen peroxide.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) powder is extremely soluble in water and a variety of other organic solvents, forming a hard, transparent, glossy layer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is compatible with a wide range of inorganic salts and resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) helps to keep emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions stable.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), in addition to being utilised as a film forming and gel in hair styling products, can also be used as an emulsion stabiliser in creams, lotions, and shampoos.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), which has a high efficacy, can also be utilised in the production of toothpastes and mouthwashes.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a white powder that is cruelty-free, vegan-friendly, and ethical.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used to make additional sticky powders and gels in addition to being an efficient thickening agent and film maker for hair gels, hair sprays, and toothpastes.


Only the viscosity of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) limits its concentration of use.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)'s pH stable, non-ionic, and colourless, according to reports.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) works best in hair gels when combined with carbomer and other thickeners to provide a stiffer grip.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, is very compatible with most inorganic salts and, miraculously, with a wide range of resins.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is one of the broad-spectrum disinfectant for both human and animal health.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) works as a disinfectant aquatics and animals


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be an Anti-septic for gynecological nursing products, oral care formulations, etc.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
While Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) appears as a white powder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has multiple industrial uses in cosmetics for hair gel and fixing, to laundry detergent, and also in industrial use as anti corrosive coating.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), also known as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvidone, is a polymer and used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablets.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is available for Cosmetic/Personal care applications,they are requested subject to special quality and purity controls of the cosmetic/personal care formulations needed.
Additionally, pharmaceutical grade Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes.



-Hair Gels uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used in hair styling applications like hair gels, pomades, etc. because of its ability to retain the form and hardness of hair irrespective of the weather conditions.
Its capacity to resist heat and humidity makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) one of the best ingredients for hair styling products.


-Moisturizers uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone or PVP K-90 can be used in skincare products like lotions and moisturizers, due to its efficient hygroscopic properties.
It retains the moisture content of your skin for a long time and rejuvenates your skin deeply to make it soft, plump, and smooth.


-Effective Skin Cleansers uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone can be an effective ingredient in manufacturing process of high quality skin cleansers due to its efficient and best in class surfactant properties, which attract oil, dirt and grime that accumulate on your skin, thereby aiding in easy rinsing away.


-Hair Products uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone is the best ingredient in the preparation of good quality hair care products for both men and women. It prevents flaky residues by preserving the natural oils of your hair and thereby giving them a glossy appearance.


-Bubble Bath Formulations of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone can be used in the manufacturing of high quality bubble bath products which cleanse all types of skin. It helps in cleansing, degreasing and moisturizing the skin by exfoliating and removing impurities, promoting skin radiance.


-Perfumes & Fragrances uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone can be used in volatile compounds, making it a useful ingredient in fragrances as it helps to retain the flavor or aroma in them for a long time.
The excellent stabilizing properties of PVP K-90 are also used in hair and skin conditioners these days.


-In Pharmaceutical Industry uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a kind of new excellent pharmaceutical excipient.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is mainly used as binder for tablet and granule, dissolving assistant for injection, flow assistant for capsule, dispersant for liquid medicine and pigment, stabilizer for enzyme and heat-sensitive drug, coprecipitant for poorly soluble drugs, lubricator and antitoxic assistant for eye drug.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has been used as excipient in more than one hundred drugs.
With excellent adhesive, film-forming, dispersing and thickening properties, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90 works as highly effective binder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is often used as stabilizer in oral and topical suspension, as a thickener, hydropylizing agent, etc.


-In Cosmetic Industry uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely applied in a wide range in hair care, skin care & oral care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is particularly suitable for formulations where viscosity modification and film forming properties are needed.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is particularly suited to hair styling products.
The higher molecular weight products such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) better choice where high viscosity are needed in applications.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely used in cosmetics such as Hair Gels, Hair mousses, Liquid hair setting preparations, Pump Sprays.


-TV tube uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)acts as a film former.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) forms clear, hard & glossy film.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is suggested for use in hair styling formulations.


-Pharmaceutical uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a new and excellent pharmaceutical excipient.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is mainly used as binder for tablet, dissolving assistant for injection, flow assistant for capsule, dispersant for liquid medicine and stain, stabilizer for enzyme and heat sensitive drug, coprecipitant for poorly soluble drugs, lubricator and antitoxic assistant for eye drug.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) works as excipients in more than one hundreds drugs.


-Cosmetics uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used as film-forming agent, viscosity-enhancement agent, lubricator and adhesive.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is the key component of hair sprays, mousse, gels and lotions & solution, hair-dying reagent and shampoo in hair-care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used as assistant in skin-care products, eye makeup, lipstick, deodorant, sunscreen and dentifrice.


-Other uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity.
This has led to Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)'s application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers.


-Skin Cleansers uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Because of its strong surfactant qualities, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be a beneficial ingredient in the manufacture of high-quality skin cleansers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) attracts oil, filth, and grime that accumulate on your skin, allowing for easy rinsing.


-Hair Products uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is the finest ingredient for both men and women when it comes to making high-quality hair care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) avoids flaky residues by protecting your hair's natural oils, giving them a lustrous appearance.


-Bubble Bath Formulations uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be utilised to make high-quality bubble bath products that are gentle on all skin types.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) exfoliates and removes pollutants, improving skin brightness while washing, degreasing, and hydrating the skin.


-Batteries uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
*Dispersants:
Dispersion of metal oxides and carbon materials
Soluble in water and NMP to make slurry


-Membranes for water treatment and dialysis uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
*Compatibilizers, Hydrophilic agents, Pore forming agents:
Soluble in amide solvents, and disperses uniformly in polysulfones, etc.
Highly hydrophilic, Forms pores by washing membranes in water,
Makes hydrophobic film surfaces hydrophilic


-Adhesives uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
*Pressure-sensitive adhesives, Rewetting adhesives, Food packaging (non-contact):
Adhesion to a wide range of base materials such as plastics, glass, and metals etc.
Highly hydrophilic, highly water-absorbing
Low toxicity


-Ceramics uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
*Binders and Dispersants:
Excellent dispersion of metal oxides
Binds to a wide range of materials


-Ink, Printing, Fibers and textiles uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
*Dispersants and Sizing agents:
Pigment dispersion, binding properties
Easily water soluble


-Personal care products uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
*Setting agents, Thickeners, and Humectants:
Highly adhesive, easily water soluble
Form retention
Hydrophilic


-Semiconductors uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
*Resist, Polishing solutions, and Cleaning solutions:
Easily water soluble, dispersion of inorganic substances


-Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a nonionic, water-soluble polymer with the following features.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be suitable for the usage of various applications and fields.
*Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in various solvents (e.g.: water, alcohol, amide and chlorineated solvents)
*Heat Resistance （Tg=160-170℃）
*Highly hygroscopicity
*Good film-forming properties
*Adhesion
*Ability to form complexes


-In Pharmaceutical Industry uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) possess excellent adhesive,film-forming,dispersing and thickening properties,and are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Low molecular weight Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), often used as a solubilizing agent, crystallization inhibitor and suspension stabilizer in injection and ophthalmic formulations such as PVP K12,K15,K17.

Medium Molecular Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), often used as binder in tablets,capsules and granules, as a stabilizer for oral suspensions,film-forming agent,solubilizing agent, dispersant for pigments, as an enzyme stabilizer and to improve bioavailability.

High molecular Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), as highly effective binder, often used as stabilizer in oral and topical suspension, as a thickener, hydropylizing agent such as PVP K90.


-Pharmaceuticals uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used to improve the solubility of a variety of medicines and medications.
The efficacy of end product items can be boosted up to twofold by utilising polyvinyl pyrrolidone as solubility enhancers.



FUNCTION OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) that is considered to be physiologically inert and can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be used as a viscosity modifier, detergent component, media component in solution chemistry, and for the control of dyes and inks.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
*highly adhesive polymer- excellent tablet binding capacity at low concentrations producing hard, non-friable tablets
*excellent solubility in water and non-polar solvents- can be added as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution to wet granulation tablet processes
*dissolves quickly- does not delay disintegration or dissolution
low solution viscosity- workable solution viscosity at high polymer levels makes it easy to use in granulation and other manufacturing equipment
*non-ionic- solution- viscosity is not affected by changes in pH or the presence of electrolytes, will not form complexes or interact with ionic drug actives
*interfacially active- acts as a drug solubilizer, inhibits crystallization of drug actives and inactive ingredients, stabilizes suspensions, dispersions and emulsions



NATURE OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a white powder, with slightly odor. Hygroscopic.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has for a variety of substances have a strong ability to complex adsorption.



STANDARD OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is obtained by polymerizing pyrrolidone and ethylene under pressure to form a vinyl pyrrolidone monomer by the action of a catalyst.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has an average molecular weight of 3.8x 104 and a molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n, where n represents the average number of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone moieties.



PREPARATION METHOD OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is obtained by polymerizing n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in the presence of a basic catalyst or N,N'-vinyltriazole, followed by purification.



TRAIT OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is white to milky white powder; Odorless or slightly odorous, tasteless; With hygroscopicity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in water, ethanol, isopropanol or chloroform, and insoluble in acetone or ether.



SOLUBILITY OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) readily dissolve in water, alcohol, amine and halohydrocarbon, but are not dissolved in acetone and aether etc..
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has good solubility, biocompatibility, and physiologically inert, film-forming character, colloid protect ability and compound ability to many organic or inorganic compounds.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also steady to acid, salt and heat, so it is widely used.



HOME CARE FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
- acts as rheology modifier
- is a highly adhesive tablet binder
- stabilizes emulsion and structures liquid products
- provides anti-soil redeposition, enzyme stabilization and dye transfer inhibition
- functions as binder and protective coating for enzymes
- provides surface shine enhancement
- forms hard, transparent, glossy films



MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is made by a process called polymerization in which N-vinylpyrrolidone is used as the source material along with hydrogen peroxide.



POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90) BENEFITS:
*Solubility
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in alcoholic solvents and H2O.
However, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is not soluble in hydrocarbons and oils.

Avoid adding Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) when the formula is in the oil-phase.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is also used as a solubilizing agent because of its ability to blend and dissolve a variety of biochemicals and natural ingredients in emulsions.

*Versatile
As a stable ingredient you can add Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) to formulas without worrying about their pH balance.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is blended with a variety of ingredients.
You can use Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) for making a wide range of cosmetic and skincare products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) doesn’t add a huge amount of this powder as it might make your emulsions too thick.

*Non-toxic Nature
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, so it is safe for human health.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has been utilized for improving the storage quality of cosmetic products, for instance hair gels, shampoos indicating its non-toxic nature.

*Controlling Viscosity
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) helps in the reduction of the viscosity of different formulations and can thin creams, lotions, and gels effectively.
The formulations become easier to spread with the help of this powdered cosmetic raw material.

*Cosmetic Product
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used as a dispersant in pigments and it is also effective as a stabilizer for oral care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) also proves to be effective in improving the bioavailability of solutions.
As a stabilizer, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) proves to be useful in enhancing the overall shelf-life of cosmetic products.

*Solubility Enhancers
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is an excellent solubility enhancer and can be used in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the cosmetic industry to enhance the solubility of various drugs and cosmetic products, thereby increasing their efficacy.



BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
• Strong, stiff hold
• Stabilised emulsions, dispersions and suspensions
• Foam stabiliser
• Excellent compatibility with acrylate thickeners
The usage of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) depends on the nature of the formulation, thus there is no exact recommended concentration.



IN COSMETIC INDUSTRY USES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is used widely in a wide range in hair care, skin care & oral care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is particularly suitable for formulations where viscosity modification and film forming properties are required.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is particularly suited to hair styling products.
The medium molecular weights such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) are preferred where viscosity is critical in applications, for example, spray.
The higher molecular weight products such as PVP K90 are the best choice where high viscosity are required in applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely used in cosmetics as followings:
*Hair Gels
*Hair mousses
*Liquid hair setting preparations
*Pump Sprays



INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
* Suspensant, disperser and emulsifier
* Glass fiber
* Detergent
* Plastics and resin
* Ink, paint and coating
* Textile dying and printing
* Film and adhesive
* TV tube



PREFERRED INDUSTRIES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
*Pharmaceuticals
*Cosmetics
*Food and Beverage
*Chemicals
*Plastics Manufacturing
*Paints and Coatings
*Textiles
*Printing
*Ceramics
*Adhesives



PROPERTY OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
1) Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) exists as white, creamy white powder or aquous solution.
2) Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can dissolve in water and a variety of organic solvents.
3) Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has good hygroscopicity, film-forming capability, complexing ability and physiology compatibility



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
*highly adhesive polymer- excellent tablet binding capacity at low concentration producing hard, non-friable tablets
*excellent solubility in water and non polar solvents- can be added as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution to wet granulation tablet processes.
*dissolves quickly; does not delay disintegration or dissolution

*forms lubricious hydrogels and coatings for medical devices
low solution viscosity- workable solution viscosity at high polymer levels makes it easy-to-use in granulation and other manufacturing equipment

*non-ionic- solution viscosity is not affected by changes in pH or the presence of electrolytes, ill not form complexes or interact with ionic drug actives
*interfacially active- acts as a drug solubilizer, inhibits crystallization of drug actives and inactive ingredients, stabilizes suspensions, dispersions and emulsions



CLAIMS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
*Thickeners & Stabilizers
*Film Formers
*glossy/ultra-glossy
*hold
*shine / radiance
*foam quality
*hardening



PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a white or creamy white powder,odourless,nontoxic,non-irritant,dissolves readily in water,alcohol,amine and many other organic solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is widely used in pharmaceutical fields,

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in water and other polar solvents.
For example, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).

When dry Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water.
In solution, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films.
This makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) good as a coating or an additive to coatings.
A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) and its oxidized hydrolyzate.



ADVANTAGES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
-Treatment and prevention of infection in wounds.
-Broad range of microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
-Universally preferred iodine antiseptic.



BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
- For use in enhancing liquid flavor
- Binds different Ingredients together
- Stabilizes Emulsion & Dispersion
- Maintain the viscosity of formula



FRAGRANCES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be found in volatile compounds, making it a helpful element in fragrances since it helps to preserve the flavour or aroma.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)'s outstanding stabilising capabilities are now employed in hair and skin conditioners.



FUNCTIONS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
*Adhesion
*Dispersion / Aggregation
*Wash / Decomposition / Dissolution



PHARMACODYNAMICS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) itself has no microbicidal activity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) exhibits rapid, potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is a water-soluble complex that mediates a bactericidal or virucidal action following the gradual liberation of free iodine from the complex at the application site to react with the pathogen.



KEY ATTRIBUTES OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
* Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticisers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is considered to be physiologically inert.
* High Polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.
* Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90).
* Hydrophilicity, where the water solubility of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.
* Adhesion



HISTORY OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) was first synthesized by BASF chemist Walter Reppe, and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production.
BASF continues to make Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), including a pharmaceutical portfolio under the brand name of Kollidon.



BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
• Stabilised emulsions
• Water soluble
• Compatible with inorganic salts
• Forms a hard film



TABLET BINDING OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
The application of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) in high shear mixers or fluid-bed granulators yields granules that are notably hard, offering a smooth flow and minimal fines.
This result is a binding strength, ideal for sturdy, robust production output.

In terms of binder quantities, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) is typically between 2% and 5% relative to the tablet weight.
Also suitable for direct compression, even without granulation.
The process calls for a specific humidity level, given the need for the powder mixture to maintain a certain moisture content for optimal binding.

Additionally, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) alongside microcrystalline cellulose enhances tablet hardness and reinforces their edges.
For lactose monohydrate tablets with a Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) composition via wet granulation, the polymer also proves valuable.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90)'s apt for modern procedures such as fluidized-bed granulation.

Given its relatively low viscosity, solutions of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) can be rapidly prepared and easily sprayed, resulting in uniformly hard, dust-free granules.
When pigmentation is involved in the spraying process, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90), Povidone notably enhances the distribution of these pigments.



THE SOLUBILITY DYNAMICS CAN VARY GREATLY BASED ON THE SOLVENT USED:
*Soluble in:
chloroform, cyclohexanol, ethanol abs., glycerol, isopropanol, methanol, methylene chloride, n-butanol, n-propanol, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400 ,propylene glycol, triethanolamine, and water
*Insoluble in:
pentane, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Molar Mass: 111.143
Density: 1,69 g/cm3
Melting Point: 130℃
Boling Point: 90-93 °C
Water Solubility: >=10 g/100 mL at 20 C
Appearance: White powder
Storage Condition: Room Temprature
Melting Point: 130°C
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: (C6H9NO)n
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Air Sensitive,Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 9003-39-8
PubChem Substance ID: 87574664
Merck Index (14): 7697
MDL Number: MFCD01076626
CAS: 9003-39-8
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n

Molecular Weight (g/mol): 111.14
MDL Number: MFCD01076626
InChI Key: WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Color: White
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90 Average Molecular Wt. 360,000
Characteristics: White or yellowish-white, hydroscopic powder
Identification A, B, C: Positive
K-value: 81.0-97.2
Residue on ignition: 0.10%max
Vinylpyrrolidone: 0.20% max
Water: 5.0% max
Heavy metals (as Pb): 10ppm max
Hydrazine: 1ppm max
Nitrogen: 11.5-12.8%
Aldehydes (as acetaldehyde): 0.05% max
pH value (5% water solution): 3.0-7.0
Chemical Formula: (C6H9NO)n
CAS Number: 9003-39-8
IUPAC Name: Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 90

INCI Name: Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Molecular Weight: 111.14 grams/mole
Specific Gravity: N/A
Boiling Point: 165 °C
Flash Point: N/A
Odor: Bland
pH Level: 3 to 7
HLB Value: 18
Color: White or off-white
Grade Standard: Technical Grade
Shelf Life: 24 months
Purity (%): 99%
Form: Powder
Alternative Names: PVP
Solubility: Yes

Physical state: powder
Color: beige
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 5,0 - 8 at 10 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
CAS No.: 9003-39-8
Density: 1.144g/cm3
Molecular Formula: C6H9NO
Boiling point: 217.6°C
Melting point: 130°C
Flashing point: 93.9°C
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Light sensitive.
Hygroscopic.
Appearance: White powder
Storage: Store at RT.
CAS: 9003-39-8
Mol. Formula: (C6H9NO)n
HSN Code: 39059910
Mol. Weight: ~40000
Appearance (Form): Powder
Appearance (Colour): White
Maximum limits of impurities
Residual monomer content: 0.8%

Water content: 5%
Sulphate ash: 0.02%
pH: 3-7
K-value: 27-32.4
Viscosity: at 25° C (5% aqu. solution) About 2.4 cP
CAS:9003-39-8
MF:CH4
MW:16.04246
EINECS:1312995-182-4
Mol File:9003-39-8.mol Melting point:~165 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Boiling point:90-93 °C
Density 1,69 g/cm3
storage temp. Store at RT.
solubility H2O: soluble100mg/mL
form: powder
color: White to yellow-white
PH: 3.0-5.0
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7697
Stability:Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Light sensitive.
Hygroscopic.

Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Grade: Laboratory Reagent (LR)
CAS: 9003-39-8
Molecular Weight: Approx. 40000
CAS No: 9003-39-8
Molecular Weight: ~30kD
Appearance: Off-white to white powder
Vinylpyrrolidone (HPLC)≤0.001%
pH: (10%)3.0-5.0
K Value: 27-32.4
Total aerobic microbial count: <200cfu/g
Total combined yeast/mold counts: <20cfu/g
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: (C6H9NO)n
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 9003-39-8
PubChem Substance ID: 87574663
Merck Index (14): 7697
MDL Number: MFCD01076626



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP K-90):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
PVP
Polyvidone
Povidone
PVP
Povidone K-90
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]
PVP
K-30
PVP-K
PVP-K30
PVP-K17
PVP-K25
PVP-K90
Povidone
PVP K 30
Crospovidone
Polyinylpyrrolidone
Polyvinylpyrrolidine
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Polyvinglpyrrolidone
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
poly vinyl pyrrolidone
vinisil
vinylpyrrolidonepolymer
PVP K30 USP24
PVP K120
K30 PVP K30
K 30 POVIDONE K 30 BP/USP
PVP H-30
PVP K 30 TECHNICAL GRADE
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 60
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE-DIVERGAN RS
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE
POLYVIDONUM
PLASDONE XL
PLANT AC
PVPD
Polyvinylpyrolidone PVP/PA Copolymer
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONEPOLYMERS
polyvinylpyrrolidone, povidone
POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE) (LOW M.WT.)
POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE) (MED. M.WT.)
CROSPOIRDONE
POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (K30) (POVIDONE)
POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE (PVP-40)
pvp2
pvp3
k-30
pvp4
pvpd
pvp
pop
k60
k25
k115
PVP K-90 15% Solution
2-Pyrrolidinone,1-Ethenyl-,Homopolymer
PVP K-90
Plasdone K-90
Agrimer
Albigen A
Hemodesis
K90
Luviskol K90
Plasdone
Povidone
PVPP
PVP-K 90
PVP
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene)
Povidone K-90
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymers
2-Pyrrolidinone,
1-ethenyl, homopolymer
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-vinyl-, polymers
N-Vinylpyrrolidinone polymer
N-Vinylbutyrolactam polymer
N-Vinylpyrrolidone polymer
Poly(n-vinlybutyrolactam)
Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidinone)
Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidinone)
Vinylpyrrolidinone polymer
Vinylpyrrolidone polymer
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
PVP
Povidone
1-Ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
PVP
Povidone
PVPP
Crospovidone
Polyvidone
PNVP
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidon homopolymer
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon-Polymere
Kollidon
Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidine
Sokalan K30
Kollidon 30
Povidone 30
1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
Povidone
Polyvidone
Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]
9003-39-8

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 exists in white powder or aqueous solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is a hygroscopic polymer, exists in white or creamy white powder, with molecular weight ranging from 45000 to 58000.


CAS Number: 9003-39-8
EC Number: 1312995-182-4
MDL Number: MFCD00149016
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n



SYNONYMS:
2-Pyrrolidinone,1-ethenyl-,homopolymer, 2-Pyrrolidinone,1-vinyl-,polymers, Albigen A, Kollidon, Luviskol K 30, Plasdone, Plasdone 4, Polyvidone, Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone), Povidone, PVP, Subtosan, Vinisil, Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidinone), Poly(vinylpyrrolidone), Poly(vinylpyrrolidinone), Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), Peviston, Polyclar AT, Vinylpyrrolidinone polymer, Peregal ST, Luviskol K 90, Periston, Agent AT 717, Poly(N-vinylbutyrolactam), Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone), N-Vinylpyrrolidinone polymer, N-Vinylpyrrolidone polymer, PVP-K 90, Vinylpyrrolidone polymer, K 60, K 115 (vinyl polymer), N-Vinylbutyrolactam polymer, Periston N, Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), PVP-K 3, Antaron P 804, Poly(N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam), PVP 40, 143RP, Bolinan, Plasmosan, Protagent, 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer, Kollidon 17, Neocompensan, Hemodez, K 115, MPK 90, AT 717, Kollidon 30, Polyclar H, Polyclar L, PVP 50, Plasdone K 29-32, K 15 (polymer), Plasdone XL, PVP-K 30, PVP-K 60, K 25, Hemodesis, Ganex P 804, K 60 (polymer), Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidinone), Polyplasdone XL, Kollidon 25, PVPP, Aldacol Q, Kollidon 90, Polyvidon, Plasdone C, Povidone K 29-32, PVP-K 25, K 15, Plasdone C 15, Kollidon K 25, SD 13 (polymer), SD 13, PVP 1230, Kollidon K 30, Kollidon CE 50/50, B 7509, K 90, Kollidon 12PF, PVP-K 15, Luviskol K 17, Luviskol K 25, PVP-K 40, NPK 15, NPK 90, Antitox Vana, NP-K 30, Kollidon 17PF, Povidone K 30, Plasdone K 15, 9015-62-7, 9080-59-5, 29386-94-5, 41724-41-8, 53026-73-6, 53026-74-7, 53200-27-4, 61932-72-7, 65931-56-8, 111214-46-1, 116404-61-6, 121414-75-3, 132778-04-2, 132778-05-3, 132834-20-9, 153631-61-9, 170473-90-2, 496908-06-6, 730985-60-1, 862983-74-2, 878051-55-9, 956148-96-2, 1173909-53-9, 1229193-79-6, 1234714-82-9, 1303541-78-7, 1310675-91-2, 1337987-71-9, 1394151-52-0, 1431958-26-7, 1694674-42-4, 1918127-90-8, 2062651-26-5, 2083718-66-3, 2083718-67-4, 2088158-90-9, 2100274-29-9, 2169285-59-8, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, PVP, Polyvidone, 1-Ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one, Copovidone, PVPP, PVP K25, Polyvidone K25, Povidone K25



Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is a family of water-soluble polymers based on N-vinylpyrrolidone that combine a unique set of properties for application in a wide variety of dosage forms.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 exists as powder or aqueous solution.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 can dissolve in water and variety of organic solvent .
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is a hygroscopic polymer, exists in white or creamy white powder, with molecular weight ranging from 45000 to 58000.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25's easily soluble in water and many other organic solvents,with excellent hygroscopisty,film-forming,adhesive,chemical stability and toxicological safeness characters.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 has low viscosity wet binders with a good balance between adhesive strength and ease of handling.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is highly adhesive at low viscosity, thus offering the optimal balance between adhesive strength and ease of handling at 2-5% or 4-7% (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25).


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 has excellent solubility in water and a range of organic solvents, and is supplied as a free flowing powder with spherical particle morphology.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25readily dissolves in water, alcohol, amine and halohydrocarbon, but is not dissolved in acetone and aether etc..
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 has good solubility, biocompatibility, and physiologically inert, film-forming character, colloid protect ability and compound ability to many organic or inorganic compounds.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 exists as white or yellowish powder and aquous solution.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is able to dissolve in water and many organic solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is applied in the medicine field as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 has multiple uses.
Most commonly Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 works as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions with a function of being an aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 shares the molecular formula of (C6H9NO)n with other PVP products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 most commonly exists as a white to slightly off-white powder.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 formulations are applied in the medical fields with its property of dissolving in both water and oil solvents.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is a white powder and odorless
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 exists as white or yellowish powder and aquous solution. It can dissolve in water and a variety of organic solvents.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 has good hygroscopicity, filmforming capability, complexing ability and physiology compatibility.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is a multifunctional synthetic polymer.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is generally used in cosmetics , surfactants , pharmaceutical industry and other related industrial fields.
Main Applications of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25: Batteries, Films for water treatment and dialysis, Adhesives, Ceramics, Ink, Printing, Fibers and textiles, Personal care products, and Semiconductors.


Applications of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25: Daily Use Materials, Environment & Water treatments, Inks & Coatings,and Life science.
Applications of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25: tablet binding, film coating, drug solubilization, and viscosifier.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is commonly used as binders for the development of tablet formulations, whether manufactured by wet granulation, dry granulation, or direct compression.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is used in solid dispersion formulations to enhance the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients and increase bioavailability.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is also used to inhibit recrystallization in liquid soft gels and free sugar syrups.
Industrial Application of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25: Suspensant, disperser and emulsifier, Glass fiber, Detergent, Plastics and resin, Ink, paint and coating, Textile dying and printing, Film and adhesive, TV tube

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is used as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is also steady to acid, salt and heat, so it is widely used.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 can be used as stabilizer, emulsifier, suspension agent, solubilizer, protective colloid and complexing agent.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a synthetic polymer vehicle for dispersing and suspending drugs.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 has multiple uses, including as a binder for tablets and capsules, a film former for ophthalmic solutions, to aid in flavoring liquids and chewable tablets, and as an adhesive for transdermal systems.
Applications of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25: Daily Use Materials, Environment & Water treatments, Inks & Coatings,and Life science.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is most widely utizlied as a suspending, dispersing, and emulsifying agent in paint, coating, adhesive, ink, and textile dyeing industries.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 can be used as stabilizer, emulsifier, suspension agent, solubilizer, protective colloid and complexing agent.


-Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is widely used in cosmetics as followings
*Hair Gels
*Hair mousses
*Liquid hair setting preparations
*Pump Sprays


-In Pharmaceutical Industry uses of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 possess excellent adhesive,film-forming,dispersing and thickening properties,and are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is often used as a solubilizing agent, crystallization inhibitor and suspension stabilizer in injection and ophthalmic formulations such as PVP K12,K15,K17.

Medium Molecular PVP-K, often used as binder in tablets,capsules and granules, as a stabilizer for oral suspensions,film-forming agent,solubilizing agent, dispersant for pigments, as an enzyme stabilizer and to improve bioavailability such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25, K30.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is used as highly effective binder, often used as stabilizer in oral and topical suspension, as a thickener, hydropylizing agent such as PVP K90.


-In Cosmetic Industry use of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is used widely in a wide range in hair care, skin care & oral care products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is particularly suitable for formulations where viscosity modification and film forming properties is required.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is particularly suited to hair styling products.
The medium molecular weights such as PVP K30 are preferred where viscosity is critical in applications, for example, spray.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
*highly adhesive polymer- excellent tablet binding capacity at low concentrations producing hard, non-friable tablets
*excellent solubility in water and non-polar solvents- can be added as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution to wet granulation tablet processes
*Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 dissolves quickly- does not delay disintegration or dissolution
*low solution viscosity- workable solution viscosity at high polymer levels makes Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 easy to use in granulation and other manufacturing equipment
*non-ionic- solution- viscosity is not affected by changes in pH or the presence of electrolytes, will not form complexes or interact with ionic drug actives
*interfacially active- acts as a drug solubilized, Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 inhibits crystallization of drug actives and inactive ingredients, stabilizes suspensions, dispersions and emulsions
*controlled nitrite levels for APIs sensitive to nitrosamine formation



CHARACTERS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 has good hygroscopicity, filmforming capability, complexing ability and physiology compatibility.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 is a homopolymer of vinylpyrrolidone in a white to milky white-colored powder form.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 has a K value of 22-28 and a total solids content of greater than 95%.



FUNCTIONS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
*Adhesion,
*Dispersion / Aggregation,
*Wash / Decomposition / Dissolution



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
PSA: 20.31000
XLogP3: 0.69020
Appearance: Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a white powder.
Compatible with a wide range of hydrophilic and hydrophobic resins.
Density: 1.23-1.29 g/cm3
Melting Point: 160 °C
Boiling Point: >300 °C
Flash Point: 93.9ºC
Water Solubility: H2O: soluble 100mg/mL
Storage Conditions: Store at RT.
Vapor Pressure: 0.09 mmHg

Vapor Density: 3.83
Explosive limit: Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.4-10
Odor: ODORLESS
PH: Between 3,0 and 7,0 (5 % solution)
Reactive Group: Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines
Reactivity Profile: POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE is a polymeric material and probably has low reactivity.
It reacts as a weak base.
Autoignition Temperature: 364 °C
Properties:

Appearance (Form): Powder or flakes
Appearance (Colour): White to yellowish
K-value: 23-27
pH (5% solution): 3-7
Water: Max 5.0%
CAS: 9003-39-8
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Molecular Weight: ~24000, Approx. 10000, 111.14200
Exact Mass: 111.06800
EC Number: 201-800-4
UNII: 76H9G81541

ICSC Number: 1478
NSC Number: 683040, 142693, 114022, 10222
DSSTox ID: DTXSID2021440, DTXSID0025941
Color/Form: Faintly yellow solid, WHITE TO CREAMY WHITE POWDER,
White, free-flowing, amorphous powder or aqueous solution
HS CODE: 39059910, 3905990000
Categories: Amides
InChIKey: WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Name: Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
Grade: Laboratory Reagent (LR)
CAS No.: 9003-39-8



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K 25:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30, also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30, is a chemical compound belonging to the family of polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is a water-soluble polymer with various applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial sectors.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is produced by the polymerization of the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP).

CAS Number: 9003-39-8
EC Number: 500-003-7



APPLICATIONS


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is commonly used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablet formulations to improve tablet integrity and drug release.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds application as a film-forming agent in topical preparations such as creams, ointments, and gels.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in hair care products like hair sprays and styling gels for its film-forming and holding properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is employed as a stabilizer and viscosity enhancer in oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in adhesives to improve the bonding strength and performance of various materials.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds applications in the coatings industry as a film-forming agent and binder for paints, inks, and coatings.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in the food and beverage industry as a clarifying agent and stabilizer for juices and wines.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 acts as a protective colloid and stabilizer in chemical processes, assisting in dispersion and preventing agglomeration.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in the textile industry as a sizing agent to improve the strength and handling properties of fabrics.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds application in the formulation of photographic films and papers as an emulsion stabilizer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in nanotechnology applications to aid in the synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 serves as a carrier and stabilizer for herbal extracts in the formulation of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in detergent formulations as a viscosity modifier and stabilizer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds application in biomedical research for drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and biomaterials.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in water treatment processes as a flocculant and coagulant aid.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 acts as a binder and viscosity enhancer in ink formulations, improving print quality and stability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds application in the agricultural industry as a dispersing agent and stabilizer in pesticide and fertilizer formulations.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is employed in the formulation of emulsions to stabilize oil-in-water and water-in-oil systems.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used as a binder and film-forming agent in the production of paints and coatings.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds applications in the development of electrolytes for batteries and fuel cells to enhance conductivity and stability.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in ceramic formulations as a binder and rheology modifier for improved product integrity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 acts as a retention aid in the papermaking process, improving the retention of fillers and fine particles in paper.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in water-based ink formulations as a dispersant to enhance pigment dispersion and stability.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds application as a formulation aid in herbicides and pesticides, improving stability and dispersion of active ingredients.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in photolithography processes in the semiconductor industry as a photoresist additive for pattern transfer.


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30) finds various applications in different industries.
Here are some common applications:

Pharmaceuticals:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder for tablet formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 helps to hold the ingredients together and improve tablet hardness and strength.

Cosmetics:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in cosmetic formulations as a film-forming agent, viscosity enhancer, and stabilizer.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 can improve the texture and stability of creams, lotions, and gels.

Personal Care Products:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is found in personal care products such as hair sprays, mousses, and styling gels, where it acts as a film-forming agent, providing hold and setting properties.

Oral Care Products:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash to enhance texture, increase viscosity, and stabilize the formulations.

Adhesives:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in adhesive formulations to improve bonding properties and increase the strength of the adhesive.

Coatings:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used as a binder and film-forming agent in various coating applications, including paints, inks, and coatings for pharmaceutical tablets.

Food and Beverage:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used as a clarifying agent, stabilizer, and adhesive in food and beverage applications, such as wine clarification and juice stabilization.

Chemical Industry:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds applications in the chemical industry as a stabilizer, dispersant, and protective colloid in various chemical processes and formulations.

Textile Industry:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent to improve the strength and stiffness of fabrics during weaving.

Photography:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is employed in photographic films and papers as a protective colloid and emulsion stabilizer.

Nanotechnology:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in the synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles and nanocomposites, providing improved dispersion and controlled particle growth.

Herbal Extracts:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used as a carrier and stabilizer for herbal extracts in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.

Detergents:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in detergent formulations as a viscosity modifier and stabilizer.

Biomedical Applications:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds applications in biomedical research, including drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and biomaterials.

Water Treatment:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in water treatment processes as a flocculant and coagulant aid.

Inks:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in ink formulations as a binder and viscosity enhancer for improved print quality and stability.

Agriculture:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in agricultural formulations as a dispersing agent and stabilizer for pesticides and fertilizers.

Emulsions:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is employed in the formulation of emulsions to stabilize oil-in-water and water-in-oil systems.

Paints and Coatings:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used as a binder and film-forming agent in paint and coating formulations to improve adhesion and durability.

Electrolytes:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in electrolyte formulations for batteries and fuel cells to enhance conductivity and stability.

Ceramic Industry:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in the ceramic industry as a binder and rheology modifier in ceramic pastes and slurries.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 helps improve the green strength of ceramic products.

Paper Industry:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in the papermaking process as a retention aid, improving the retention of fine particles and fillers in the paper.

Water-Based Inks:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds applications in water-based ink formulations as a dispersant, improving pigment dispersion and ink stability.

Herbicides and Pesticides:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is employed as a formulation aid in herbicides and pesticides to enhance the stability and dispersion of active ingredients.

Photolithography:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in photolithography processes in the semiconductor industry as a photoresist additive, assisting in pattern transfer.

Fuel Additives:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used as a pour point depressant and anti-icing agent in fuel additives, preventing the formation of wax crystals and ice.

Personal Care Wipes:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is incorporated into personal care wipes to improve wetting and release properties, enhancing their effectiveness.

Solid Dispersions:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in solid dispersion formulations to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

Metal Extraction:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is employed in metal extraction processes as a complexing agent, aiding in the separation and purification of metals.

Textile Printing:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used as a printing agent in textile printing processes, providing adhesion and color fixation properties.

Hydrogels:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in the production of hydrogels, which have applications in wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering.

Analytical Chemistry:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in various analytical techniques, such as gel electrophoresis and chromatography, as a matrix or stabilizer.

Catalyst Support:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is employed as a support material for catalysts, improving their dispersion and stability.

Polymer Stabilizer:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 can be used as a stabilizer for other polymers, enhancing their thermal and UV stability.

Personal Care Products:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is incorporated into personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products to provide conditioning and styling benefits.

Solvent Filtration:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in filtration processes as a filter aid to improve the efficiency of solvent filtration.

Dyeing and Printing:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 finds applications in dyeing and printing processes in the textile industry, improving color retention and fastness.

Artificial Tears:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is utilized in the formulation of artificial tears and eye drops to provide lubrication and relief for dry eyes.

Drug Delivery Systems:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in the development of various drug delivery systems, including microspheres, nanoparticles, and transdermal patches.

Reactive Extrusion:
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is employed in reactive extrusion processes to modify the properties of polymers and enhance their performance.



DESCRIPTION


Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30, also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30, is a chemical compound belonging to the family of polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is a water-soluble polymer with various applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial sectors.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is produced by the polymerization of the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP).

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is characterized by its high molecular weight and versatility in forming complexes and stabilizing substances. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is widely used as a binder, film former, viscosity enhancer, and solubility enhancer in various formulations.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is a water-soluble polymer widely used in various industries.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is a high molecular weight polymer with excellent solubility in water and other polar solvents.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is a white or slightly yellowish powder with a characteristic odor.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 has a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial processes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 has good film-forming properties, making it suitable for coatings and adhesives.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 acts as a binder, stabilizer, and viscosity enhancer in formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 has excellent complexing properties, making it useful in drug delivery systems and formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 has low toxicity and is considered safe for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 can improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is often used as a suspending agent in liquid formulations to prevent settling of solid particles.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 can enhance the stability of emulsions, preventing phase separation and coalescence.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 has excellent moisture absorption properties, making it useful as a humectant.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 can improve the texture and rheological properties of cosmetic products, such as creams and gels.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is compatible with a wide range of active ingredients and excipients in formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is commonly used as a tablet binder in pharmaceutical formulations.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 can increase the disintegration and dissolution of tablets, improving drug release.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is often employed as a stabilizer in suspensions and emulsions, preventing particle aggregation.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 has good adhesion properties, making it suitable for transdermal patches and medical adhesives.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 can act as a protective colloid, preventing precipitation and flocculation in formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is compatible with various processing techniques, including spray drying and granulation.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is used in the production of controlled-release dosage forms and oral solid dispersions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is also employed in the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanocomposites.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 can improve the stability and bioavailability of poorly soluble active ingredients.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 has good thermal stability and can withstand processing conditions at elevated temperatures.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 is a versatile ingredient that contributes to the performance and quality of numerous products across different industries.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO)n
Molecular Weight: Varies based on polymerization degree (typically around 40,000 g/mol)
Appearance: White to off-white powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, isopropanol, and other polar solvents
pH (1% aqueous solution): Typically in the range of 3-7
Density: Approximately 1.1-1.3 g/cm3
Melting Point: Decomposes without a distinct melting point


Chemical Properties:

Polymer Type: Synthetic polymer derived from the monomer vinylpyrrolidone
Polymerization: Formed through radical polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone monomers
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but may degrade at high temperatures or in the presence of oxidizing agents
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic nature, absorbing moisture from the environment
Cross-Linking: Can be cross-linked with certain reagents or by irradiation to modify its properties


Functional Properties:

Film-Forming: Exhibits film-forming properties, forming transparent and flexible films
Solvent Retention: Has the ability to retain certain solvents within its structure
Adhesion: Provides good adhesion to various substrates, including skin and mucous membranes
Complexation: Forms complexes with certain compounds, enhancing stability and solubility
Hydrophilicity: Has a high affinity for water, resulting in good water solubility and wetting properties
Viscosity: Can increase the viscosity of solutions, gels, and dispersions
Stabilizing: Acts as a stabilizer for emulsions, suspensions, and colloidal systems
Binding: Exhibits binding properties, providing cohesion and strength to formulations
Chelating: Has chelating properties, forming complexes with metal ions
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of other polymers, surfactants, and active ingredients



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to a well-ventilated area.
If symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, or irritation persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin area with plenty of water.
Wash gently with mild soap and water.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that contact lenses, if present, are removed.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, pain, or visual abnormalities persist.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information about the ingested amount and any symptoms observed.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
When handling Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective clothing.
Follow good laboratory practices and adhere to safety protocols to minimize the risk of exposure.

Ventilation:
Use Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 in a well-ventilated area to ensure adequate airflow and prevent the accumulation of vapors or dust.
If working in an enclosed space, ensure the availability of local exhaust ventilation or use respiratory protection if needed.

Avoid Ingestion and Inhalation:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30.
Avoid inhalation of dust or aerosolized particles by using appropriate engineering controls such as fume hoods or respiratory protection.

Prevent Skin and Eye Contact:
Minimize direct contact with Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30.
In case of skin contact, promptly wash the affected area with mild soap and water.
Wear protective gloves and safety goggles to prevent eye contact.


Storage:

Temperature and Humidity:
Store Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain storage conditions within the recommended temperature range specified by the manufacturer to prevent degradation or changes in properties.

Containers:
Store Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 in tightly sealed containers that are resistant to moisture and contaminants.
Keep containers properly labeled with relevant information, including product name, batch number, and date of receipt.

Separate from Incompatible Substances:
Store Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents or reactive chemicals, to prevent potential reactions or contamination.
Follow proper segregation practices and ensure compatibility with neighboring stored substances.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid rough handling or excessive agitation of containers to prevent damage or spills.
Keep the storage area clean and free from debris, spills, or potential hazards.

Security:
Store Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 in a designated area accessible only to authorized personnel.
Follow local regulations and guidelines regarding the storage and handling of chemical substances.



SYNONYMS


Povidone K 30
Polyvidone K 30
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-30
PVP K30
PVP/VA copolymer
PVP polymer
Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) K 30
Polyvidonum K 30
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30
Povidone-30
PVPP K 30
Copovidone K 30
PVP/VP K 30
Povidone-30K
VP/VA copolymer K 30
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone K 30
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30
PVP-30
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K 30
PVP K-30
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-30K
Povidone K30
PVP (K30)
Poly(vinylpyrrolidinone) K 30
PVP K30 Powder
Povidone K30-5
Polyvidone K30
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K 30
PVP K30-NF
PVP/VA K30
Povidone K-30P
Polyvidone-30
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30-NF
PVP K30 USP
PVP K30 Pharma Grade
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-30K
Polyvidonum K30
Povidone K-30 USP
Polyvidone-30K
PVP/VA K30-VP
Povidone K-30 Pharma Grade
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K30
PVP/VA K30 Copolymer
PVP K30 for Pharmaceuticals
Polyvidone K-30
Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30-VP
Povidone K30 Powder
Polyvidonum K-30
PVP K30 for Cosmetics
Povidone-30K Powder

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30) is a polymer that is widely used in various industries due to its versatility and unique properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care products, and other applications.

CAS Number: 9003-39-8
EC Number: 202-919-7

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP, Povidone, Polyvidone, Crospovidone, Povidonum, Polyvinylpyrrolidinone, Poly[N-vinylpyrrolidone], 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer, PVP/VA copolymer, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer, 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer, 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer, Polyvidonum, Vinol VP, Collidone, Polymethacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, Kollidon, Polyvinylpyrrolidinone homopolymer, 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone copolymer, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer, Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), Evinol, Polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer, Luvitec, Kollidon VA, Vinamul, Kollidon SR, Copovidone, Luviskol, Copovidon, Polvinylpyrrolidone, Luviskol K 30, Luviskol VA 64, Kollidon CL, Povidon, Kollidon CL-M, Kollidon 30, Kollidon K 30, Luviskol K90, Luviskol Plus, Kollidon 25, Kollidon K17, Luviskol Plus 30, Kollidon K 90, Povidonum k29/32, Kollidon 90, Luviskol Plus 90, Copolyvidone, Luviskol K 90, Kollidon SR 30, Kollidon SR 90, Kollidon K 17, Luvitec K30, Povidone K30, Luviskol K 17, Kollidon 12PF, Luvitec K17, Kollidon 17, Luviskol K 29, Kollidon 12P, Luvitec K90.



APPLICATIONS


Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used in the manufacture of contact lenses and intraocular lenses due to its biocompatibility and optical clarity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a viscosity modifier in printing inks, adhesives, and paints.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used in the production of adhesives, sealants, and coatings for various industrial applications.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a binding agent in ceramic and metal powder processing.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used in the formulation of crop protection products such as herbicides and insecticides.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a carrier for active ingredients in agricultural formulations to improve their dispersibility and efficacy.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a stabilizer in colloidal suspensions and as a flocculating agent in wastewater treatment.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a lubricant and anti-static agent in textile processing.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications, contributing to the development of innovative products and technologies in various industries.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30) is widely used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablet formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 enhances the cohesion of tablet ingredients and facilitates their compression into uniform tablets.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a solubilizing agent in oral solid dosage forms to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a stabilizer and dispersant in liquid formulations such as suspensions and emulsions.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is utilized as a film-forming agent in oral thin films and transdermal patches for drug delivery.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used in the manufacture of wound dressings and surgical adhesives due to its biocompatibility and adhesive properties.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a clarifying agent in beverages to remove haze-causing particles and improve clarity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a stabilizer in cosmetic and personal care products such as creams, lotions, and hair styling gels.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a thickening agent in hair care products to improve viscosity and texture.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a film former in hair sprays and mousses to provide strong hold and humidity resistance.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is utilized in the production of contact lenses and intraocular lenses due to its optical clarity and biocompatibility.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a coating agent in food processing to improve the appearance and shelf life of food products.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a clarifying agent in wine and beer production to remove protein and yeast haze.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a binder in ceramic processing to improve green strength and reduce defects.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used in the manufacture of adhesives, sealants, and coatings for various industrial applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a viscosity modifier in printing inks to control ink flow and improve print quality.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a carrier for active ingredients in agricultural formulations such as herbicides and insecticides.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a flocculating agent in wastewater treatment to remove suspended solids and clarify water.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a lubricant and anti-static agent in textile processing to improve fiber handling and reduce static electricity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a binder in the production of abrasive grinding wheels and polishing compounds.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a component in dental adhesives and restorative materials for dental applications.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a carrier for flavor and fragrance ingredients in food and cosmetic formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a stabilizer in latex paints to prevent pigment settling and improve shelf stability.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is utilized as a dispersant in ceramic and metal powder processing to improve powder flow and handling.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and industrial sectors, contributing to the development of innovative products and formulations.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a stabilizer and viscosity modifier in aqueous film-coating formulations for tablets and capsules.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a binder in the production of ceramic membranes for filtration and separation applications.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a clarifying agent in fruit juices and vegetable juices to remove suspended particles and improve clarity.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a carrier for pigments and dyes in textile printing and dyeing processes.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a binder in the production of carbon electrodes for batteries and fuel cells.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a lubricating agent in wire drawing and metalworking processes to reduce friction and wear.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a carrier for fragrances and essential oils in air fresheners and aromatherapy products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a stabilizer in latex adhesives to improve bonding strength and moisture resistance.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a thickening agent in water-based paints and coatings to improve flow and leveling properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a clarifying agent in brewing to remove haze-causing proteins and improve beer clarity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a carrier for active ingredients in veterinary formulations such as flea and tick treatments.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a stabilizer and dispersant in suspension polymerization to control particle size and morphology.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a binder in the production of granules and pellets for controlled-release drug delivery systems.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a dispersant in ceramic glazes to improve suspension stability and prevent settling.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a gelling agent in the production of gelatin capsules for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a binding agent in the production of ceramic tiles and bricks to improve mechanical strength and durability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a carrier for nutrients and supplements in animal feed formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a stabilizer in photographic emulsions to prevent silver halide grain growth and fogging.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a suspending agent in the formulation of veterinary vaccines and biological products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a film-forming agent in wound dressings and transdermal drug delivery systems.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a binder in the production of agrochemical formulations such as herbicides and fungicides.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 serves as a flocculating agent in water treatment to remove suspended solids and improve water clarity.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a binder in the production of abrasive wheels and polishing compounds for metalworking.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a thickener and stabilizer in the formulation of inkjet printing inks for graphic arts and packaging.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications in various industries, contributing to the development of advanced materials, formulations, and technologies.



DESCRIPTION


Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30) is a polymer that is widely used in various industries due to its versatility and unique properties.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care products, and other applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is a water-soluble polymer that forms clear, transparent solutions when dissolved in water.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 has excellent film-forming properties, adhesion, and binding capabilities, making it useful in a wide range of applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30) is a water-soluble polymer widely used in various industries.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is a synthetic polymer derived from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP).
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is a white, amorphous powder with a high molecular weight.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 has excellent film-forming properties and can form clear, transparent films when dissolved in water.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is odorless and tasteless, making it suitable for use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 has a high affinity for water and can absorb and retain large amounts of moisture.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is biocompatible and non-toxic, making it safe for use in various medical and pharmaceutical applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is highly stable under a wide range of temperature and pH conditions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is soluble in many polar solvents, including water, ethanol, and methanol.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 exhibits excellent binding properties and is commonly used as a binder in tablet formulations.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 can act as a solubilizer, stabilizer, and dispersant in liquid formulations such as suspensions and solutions.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a thickening agent in personal care products such as shampoos, lotions, and creams.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is a versatile excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, improving drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a film-forming agent in oral thin films and oral care products such as mouthwashes and denture adhesives.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is used as a coating agent in the food industry to improve the appearance and texture of food products.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 is employed as a clarifying agent in beverages and as a stabilizer in emulsions and suspensions.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White to off-white powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
Density: Typically around 1.2 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes above 150°C
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohols, and polar organic solvents
pH: Typically neutral (around pH 7) in aqueous solutions
Molecular Weight: Variable, depending on the polymer grade (e.g., Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 K30 typically has a molecular weight range of 40,000 to 60,000 g/mol)
Refractive Index: Typically around 1.53 (for a 1% aqueous solution at 25°C)
Hygroscopicity: Moderately hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the atmosphere
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in most polar organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, methanol, and chloroform
Film-Forming Ability: Forms clear, transparent films when dissolved in water or polar organic solvents
Viscosity: Varies depending on the concentration and molecular weight of the polymer, typically forms viscous solutions at high concentrations


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C6H9NO)n (where n represents the number of repeating units in the polymer chain)
Monomer: N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)
Structure: Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a linear polymer composed of repeating vinylpyrrolidone monomer units linked by carbon-carbon bonds.
Solubility: Polyvinylpyrrolidone is highly soluble in water and forms clear, transparent solutions.
pH Stability: Stable over a wide pH range, from acidic to alkaline conditions.
Stability to Heat: Generally stable at moderate temperatures; however, decomposition may occur at elevated temperatures, leading to discoloration and degradation of the polymer.
Stability to Light: Generally stable to light exposure, but prolonged exposure to UV radiation may lead to degradation and loss of polymer properties.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Polyvinylpyrrolidone dust or vapors are inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, immediately move the affected person to fresh air.
Allow the individual to rest in a well-ventilated area and provide them with oxygen if breathing difficulties persist.
If the person is not breathing or shows signs of respiratory distress, administer artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention promptly.
Keep the person warm and comfortable. Do not leave them unattended.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Polyvinylpyrrolidone, immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap to remove any residual Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30.
Rinse the skin thoroughly for at least 15 minutes to ensure complete removal of the polymer.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical advice promptly.
If Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 gets into eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing and remove any contact lenses if present and easily removable.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if the affected person does not experience immediate symptoms.
Do not rub the eyes, as this may exacerbate irritation and cause further damage.


Ingestion:

If Polyvinylpyrrolidone is ingested accidentally and the person is conscious, rinse their mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel, especially if the individual is unconscious or experiencing convulsions.
Seek medical advice immediately, and provide the healthcare provider with information about the ingested substance, including its name, concentration, and the amount ingested.
Monitor the person for signs of gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, and seek medical attention promptly if symptoms worsen or persist.


General Precautions:

Always handle Polyvinylpyrrolidone with care and wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.
Avoid breathing in dust or vapors of Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection if necessary.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use and store them in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat, ignition, and incompatible substances.
In case of a spill, contain the area and prevent further release of the polymer into the environment. Clean up spills promptly using appropriate absorbent materials and dispose of waste according to local regulations.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

When handling Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30), wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.
Avoid breathing in dust or vapors of Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30. Use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection if necessary to control airborne exposure.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the work area to minimize the buildup of dust and vapors. Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where flammable vapors may be present.
Prevent contact with incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and reducing agents, as they may react with Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 and cause decomposition or release of hazardous gases.
Use caution when transferring or pouring Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 to prevent spills and dust generation. Use appropriate tools and equipment such as scoops or funnels to minimize dust exposure.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and minimize exposure to air and moisture.
Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact with Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30. Wash hands thoroughly after handling to remove any residual polymer.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30, and wash hands before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.
Store Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 away from heat sources, ignition sources, and direct sunlight to prevent degradation and decomposition.
Keep storage areas clean and free from clutter to minimize the risk of spills and accidents.


Storage:

Store Polyvinylpyrrolidone in its original packaging or labeled containers to ensure proper identification and traceability.
Store Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright to prevent leakage or spills. Store larger quantities in suitable containers with secondary containment to contain spills.
Store Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30 away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and reducing agents to prevent reactions or contamination.
Ensure storage areas are equipped with appropriate firefighting equipment and spill containment materials in case of emergencies.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage or deterioration and replace any damaged or compromised containers promptly.
Follow local regulations and guidelines for the storage of chemicals, including any specific requirements for the storage of Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP K30.
Monitor storage conditions regularly to ensure compliance with safety guidelines and to prevent the buildup of hazardous conditions.

PVOH; Ethenol, homopolymer; PVA; Polyviol; Vinol; Alvyl; Alkotex; Covol; Gelvatol; Lemol; polyvinyl alcohol CAS NO: 9002-89-5

PVP; Kollidon K25; Kollidon K-90; Povidone; Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]; 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidon homopolymer; 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon-Polymere; 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one; Crospovidone CAS NO:9003-39-8

1-éthénylpyrrolidin-2-one; N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone homopolymérisée; poly(n-vinylbutyrolactame); polyvidone; polyvinylpyrolidone; povidone; PVP; polyvinylpyrrolidone; Povidone; PVP, N° CAS : 9003-39-8 - Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : PVP. Nom chimique : 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, homopolymer. Additif alimentaire : E1201. Classification : Polymère de synthèse , La polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), appelée aussi polyvidone ou povidone, est un polymère organique synthétisé par polymérisation de la N-vinylpyrrolidone.; La PVP ou polyvinylpyrrolidone est un polymère hydrosoluble. Elle est très polyvalente en cosmétique et peut être utilisée en tant que liant, filmogène, stabilisateur d'émulsion, agent de suspension ou fixateur capillaire. Elle est principalement employée dans des produits tels que les mascara, l'eye-liner, les produits capillaires ainsi que les shampooings. Elle est interdite en bio.. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Agent de fixation capillaire : Permet de contrôler le style du cheveu. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français : 1-ETHENYL-2-PYRROLIDONE POLYMER; 1-ETHENYL-2-PYRROLIDONE POLYMERS; 2-PYPROLIDINONE, 1-VINYL-, POLYMERS; 2-PYRROLIDINONE, 1-ETHENYL-, HOMOPOLYMER; 2-PYRROLIDONE, 1-ETHENYL-, HOMOPOLYMER; 2-PYRROLIDONE, 1-VINYL, POLYMERS; N-VINYLPYRROLIDINONE POLYMER; N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE POLYMER; POLY(1-(2-OXO-1-PYRROLIDINYL)ETHYLENE); POLY(1-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE); POLY(1-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE); POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDINONE); POLY(N-VINYL PYRROLIDINONE-2); POLY(N-VINYL PYRROLIDONE-2); Poly(n-vinylbutyrolactame); POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDINONE); POLY(VINYL-1 PYRROLIDINONE-2); POLY(VINYL-1 PYRROLIDONE-2); POLY(VINYLPYRROLIDONE); POLY-1-(2-OXO-1-PYRROLIDINYL)ETHYLENE; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; VINYLPYRROLIDINONE POLYMER; VINYLPYRROLIDONE POLYMER. Noms anglais : N-VINYLBUTYROLACTAM POLYMER; Polyvinyl pyrrolidone; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; POVIDONE; Providone. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Agent dispersant, fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques ; 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, homopolymer; polyvinylpyrrolidone; Povidone; PVP; E1201 est listé comme raffermissant, stabilisant et agent de dispersion, le codex Alimentarius l'attribue à certains spiritueux (bières comprises), vinaigres, concentrés pour boissons aromatisées, édulcorants de table (jusque 3 000 mg/kg), chewing-gums (jusque 10 000 mg/kg), compléments alimentaires (sans limite (BPF)) et fruits frais traités en surface. L'industrie répertorie également la polyvinylpyrrolidone dans les cosmétiques (fixateur capillaire, liant, antistatique, émulsifiant, etc.), et certains produits pharmaceutiques. Comme telle, elle est utilisée dans les plasmas sanguins ou comme adjuvant en raison de sa solubilité dans l'eau et les solvants polaires5. Son aptitude à former des films est remarquable. Les domaines d'application sont vastes et vont des produits d'hygiène (shampoing, dentifrice…) au papier pour imprimantes photo et peintures

1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one; PVP, Povidone; PVPP, Crospovidone, Polyvidone; PNVP; Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]; 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidon homopolymer; 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon-Polymere; Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 3500 K12); Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 8.000 K16-18); Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 10.000 K13-18); Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 24.000 K23-27); Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 30.000); Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 40.000 K-30); Polyvinylpyrrolidone (K15) BioChemica; Povidone (PVP) CAS NO:9003-39-8

Pomegranate Seed Extract, derived from the seeds of the Punica granatum fruit, is known for its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is widely recognized for its ability to protect skin cells from oxidative stress, promote skin regeneration, and support cardiovascular health, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare, wellness, and dietary supplements.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain youthful skin, improve heart health, and provide anti-inflammatory support.

CAS Number: 84961-57-9
EC Number: 284-646-0

Synonyms: Pomegranate Seed Extract, Punica granatum Seed Extract, Pomegranate Oil Extract, Pomegranate Phytocomplex, Punica Bioactive Extract, Punica granatum Seed Oil, Pomegranate Seed Oil Extract, Pomegranate Kernel Extract, Punica Seed Phytocomplex, Pomegranate Seed Active



APPLICATIONS


Pomegranate Seed Extract is extensively used in anti-aging skincare products, providing antioxidant protection and promoting the regeneration of skin cells, which helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is favored in the formulation of anti-inflammatory creams, offering natural relief for irritated and inflamed skin while promoting overall skin health.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizing lotions, where it helps to hydrate the skin, improve elasticity, and protect against environmental damage.

Pomegranate Seed Extract is widely used in dietary supplements for its ability to support heart health by improving blood circulation and reducing inflammation in the cardiovascular system.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is employed in the creation of wellness teas and beverages, offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits that support overall health and well-being.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is essential in the development of detox products, where it helps to eliminate toxins from the body and promote healthy skin, liver function, and digestion.

Pomegranate Seed Extract is utilized in the production of sunscreen products, offering UV protection by neutralizing free radicals that can damage skin cells and accelerate aging.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is a key ingredient in hair care products, helping to nourish the scalp, promote hair growth, and add shine to dry and damaged hair.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is used in the development of eye creams, where its antioxidant properties help reduce dark circles, puffiness, and signs of aging around the eyes.

Pomegranate Seed Extract is applied in the formulation of lip balms and treatments, providing moisture, protection, and antioxidant care for dry, chapped lips.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is employed in the production of facial serums, offering deep hydration and enhancing the skin’s natural radiance by promoting cell turnover.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is used in wellness supplements to boost immune function, providing antioxidant support and helping to fight off infections and reduce inflammation.

Pomegranate Seed Extract is widely utilized in cardiovascular health supplements, where it helps to reduce cholesterol levels and support overall heart function.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is a key component in anti-aging serums, where its high content of essential fatty acids and antioxidants helps to protect the skin from oxidative stress and maintain a youthful appearance.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is used in the creation of products designed to reduce hyperpigmentation, helping to even out skin tone and lighten dark spots.

Pomegranate Seed Extract is employed in the formulation of natural remedies for skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis, offering relief from inflammation and promoting skin healing.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is applied in the creation of body oils, where it helps to improve skin texture, enhance moisture retention, and provide a silky finish to the skin.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is utilized in the production of massage oils, providing nourishment to the skin while offering anti-inflammatory and soothing effects.

Pomegranate Seed Extract is found in anti-cellulite creams, helping to promote circulation, reduce the appearance of cellulite, and firm the skin.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is used in detox supplements, offering support for liver health, enhancing the body’s natural detoxification processes, and promoting radiant skin.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is a key ingredient in oral care products, such as mouthwash and toothpaste, providing antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits that help to protect gums and teeth.



DESCRIPTION


Pomegranate Seed Extract, derived from the seeds of the Punica granatum fruit, is known for its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is widely recognized for its ability to protect skin cells from oxidative stress, promote skin regeneration, and support cardiovascular health, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare, wellness, and dietary supplements.

Pomegranate Seed Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin elasticity, boosting collagen production, and promoting overall skin health.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to promote youthful skin, improve skin texture, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance cardiovascular function by improving blood flow and reducing inflammation in the arteries, making it an ideal ingredient for heart health supplements.

Pomegranate Seed Extract is commonly used in both traditional and modern wellness formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining skin vitality and promoting overall health.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is valued for its ability to provide deep hydration, protect the skin from environmental damage, and support the body's natural detoxification processes.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, serums, oils, teas, supplements, and hair care products.

Pomegranate Seed Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting anti-aging, cardiovascular health, and skin hydration, providing natural and effective care for these concerns.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is known for its compatibility with other anti-aging and antioxidant-rich ingredients, making it easy to integrate into multi-functional formulations.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is often chosen for formulations requiring a balance between skin protection, hydration, and antioxidant care, ensuring comprehensive health and beauty benefits.

Pomegranate Seed Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of wellness and skincare products by providing natural support for skin regeneration, moisture retention, and heart health.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer noticeable improvements in skin texture, hydration, and overall radiance.
Pomegranate Seed Extract is an essential component in innovative wellness products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to support skin health, heart function, and overall vitality.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Pomegranate Seed Extract (Punica granatum Seed Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to amber oil or powder extract
Density: Approx. 0.89-0.93 g/cm³ (for oil extract)
Melting Point: N/A (oil form)
Solubility: Soluble in oils; insoluble in water
Flash Point: >100°C (for oil extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for oil extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Pomegranate Seed Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Pomegranate Seed Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors or dust.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Pomegranate Seed Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Pomegranate Seed Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Pomegranate Seed Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors or direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.

E124 AKA102 Red 18 l-rot4 1578red c.i.185 COCCINE CI 16255 sxpurple purplesx AcidredR foodred6 foodred7 Food Red coccinred crimsonsx purplered neucoccin newcoccin ponceau4re ponceau4rf ponceau4rt CI NO 6255 PONCEAU 4R SCARLET 3R PONCEAU 4RC NEW COCCINE ciacidred18 hdponceau4r CI NO 16255 ACID RED 18 New CarMine Schultz 213 PONCEAURED4R CAS Number 2611-82-7

orange flavor ; orange (honeybell type) flavor; natural orange cloud flavor; natural & artificial orange cloud flavor; natural “golden” orange cloud flavor; orange flavor for confectionery; orange flavor for pharmaceuticals; orange flavor organic

Citrus Sinensis Peel Extract; extract obtained from the fresh epicarps of the sweet orange valencia, citrus sinensis (syn: citrus aurantium dulcis), rutaceae; orange peel extract; orange peel sweet extract cas no:97766-30-8

Citrus Sinensis Peel Extract; extract obtained from the fresh epicarps of the sweet orange valencia, citrus sinensis (syn: citrus aurantium dulcis), rutaceae; orange peel extract; orange peel sweet extract cas no:97766-30-8

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, also known as potassium iso-octanoate, is a chemical used to convert the tert-butylammmonium salt of clavulanic acid into potassium clavulanate (clavulanate potassium).
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is a Potassium source that is soluble in organic solvents.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications.

CAS Number:764-71-6
EC Number: 212-130-7
Molecular Formula: C8H17KO2
Molecular Weight: 184.32

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has also been shown to have beneficial effects on the heart, such as slowing the heart rate and reducing arrhythmias.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has been shown to have physiological effects in humans, including lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has also been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate when combined with cobalt support the accelerating effect in unsaturated polyesters.
This results in a decrease of discoloration of UPS-Systems caused by Cobalt.
Further Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is also capable of stabilizing the rheological and the pot life behavior of waterborne 2- components PUR systems and additionally Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate can positively affect the haze-values of these paint systems.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, also known as potassium iso-octanoate, is a chemical used to convert the tert-butylammmonium salt of clavulanic acid into potassium clavulanate (clavulanate potassium).
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive antifreeze and as a catalyst for polyurethane systems.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is an organic compound of four elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Potassium, and Oxygen.
The molecular weight of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is 182.3027 which can be calculated by adding up the total weight (atomic weight multiplied by their number) of Carbon, Hydrogen, Potassium, and Oxygen.

To calculate molecular weight of any compound, the first step is to know the constituent elements (atoms) and their number in that particular compound.
Then calculate the total atomic weight of each element by multiplying Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate atomic weight by Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate number.

The sum of total atomic weight of all constituent elements will be the molecular weight of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.
Note that the value of atomic weight may differ from different sources.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is a Potassium source that is soluble in organic solvents.
Ethylhexanoates are carboxylates with many commercial applications.
They are commonly used in various catalysts for oxidation, hydrogenation and polymerization and as an adhesion promoter.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications.
Similar results can sometimes also be achieved with Nanoparticles and by thin film deposition.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is otherwise known as potassium iso-octanoate.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate appears as a water white to clear, pale yellow liquid.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate can be used to promote cobalt soap catalysis and to reduce the dosage of cobalt during the polymerization of polyester resin paint.
The end product will become a light-colored polyester resin.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is standard grade potassium-based metal carboxylate with 15% K, diluted in diethylene glycol.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is used as co-catalyst to boost cobalt performance and reduce color in unsaturated polyester resins and gelcoats.

Further, Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is also used as liquid trimerization catalyst for polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam.
Catalyst ensures a highly cross-linked polyisocyanurate foam structure, resulting in strong and durable insulation products.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is used to convert the tert-butylammmonium salt of clavulanic acid into potassium clavulanate or clavulanate potassium.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is also used as a catalyst for polyurethane systems (foams) and for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is diethylene glycol solution mainly used as a trimerized catalyst for polyurethanes.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate offers strong catalysing properties, is odorless, reduces the 'demoulding' time in foams and promotes the 'cross-linking' and 'cure' process.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is soluble in water, alcohol and other polar solvents.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is an effective promoter with cobalt octoate used in low color applications.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is soluble in organic solvents and oils, and Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has a potassium metal content of 15% and a total solids content of 80%.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is a potassium catalyst and is widely used in rigid isocyanate foam reaction.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is an excellent and cost-effective isocyanate catalyst.
Because of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate high conversion rate, Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has become a catalyst for many rigid foams.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate exhibits solubility in numerous organic solvents.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate applications span a wide range of fields, serving as a catalyst in organic synthesis, an electrolyte in batteries, and an additive in lubricants and adhesives.

Moreover, Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate finds utility in polymer and plastic production.
In laboratory settings, Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate proves invaluable for a diverse array of chemical reactions, encompassing polymer synthesis and catalyst preparation.

An excellent candidate to consider for manufacturing polyisocyanurate rigid foam, Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate may be used in formulated systems or by direct metering.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate also can improve the foam isotropy for more dimensional stability and compressive strength.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate offers several advantages compared to other Niax catalyst K-Zero G additive catalysts.
In addition to minimizing the amount of isocyanate consumed, Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate also has a lower viscosity than typical Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate in DEG, which can improve both pumping and handling.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has no odor and is not classified as flammable.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate also offers better formulation flexibility with Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate ability to raise the NCO index at a constant isocyanate-to-polyol rate.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate typically requires the same dosage level as the commonly used Niax catalyst K-Zero G additives it may replace.
In addition, Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate water content is essentially identical to the typical Niax catalyst K-Zero G additives, so MDI consumption is not significant.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is a salt of caproic acid and potassium that is used as a food additive.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate can be used to prevent the development of rancidity in oils made with unsaturated fatty acids.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has also been shown to have beneficial effects on the heart, such as slowing the heart rate and reducing arrhythmias.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has been shown to have physiological effects in humans, including lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate has also been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Market Analysis:
Global Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Market Report 2023 talks about crucial market insights with the help of segments and sub-segments analysis.
In this section, we reveal an in-depth analysis of the key factors influencing Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Industry growth.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate market has been segmented with the help of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Type, Application , and others.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate market analysis helps to understand key industry segments, and their global, regional, and country-level insights.

Furthermore, this analysis also provides information pertaining to segments that are going to be most lucrative in the near future and their expected growth rate and future market opportunities.
The report also provides detailed insights into factors responsible for the positive or negative growth of each industry segment.

Type Segment Analysis of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Market:
Quality management is the major parameter to meet specific standards and specifications, reliability and consistency.
The chemical and material industry is full of various types of chemicals and Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is necessary to focus on quality management because Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate may affect environment & other equipment.

Raw materials plays an important role in this industry.
The chemical industry converts these raw materials into primary, secondary, and tertiary products.

Fluctuations in raw material prices may impact the market growth in the near future.
This study includes the revenue generation of each type in each region for the year 2018 to 2030.
Additionally Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate also provides detailed supply chain analysis along with current trends in the market which are expected to propel the market growth in the coming year.

Application Segment Analysis of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Market:
Chemical and materials are one of the most important industries for other sectors including automotive, pharmaceutical, personal care, consumer goods and others.
The demand for high quality and environment friendly products is increasing in various end-use sectors.

Thus, key manufacturers are focusing on technological advancement in production of high-quality chemicals.
The segment analysis will help to understand which is the most attractive application/end use sector.

Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate also provides the year on year (Y-O-Y) growth rate for each segment.
Moreover, this study includes the detailed analysis of each segment to understand the key positive and negative factors which are impacting the growth of the Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Market.

Some of the key Application of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate are:
Dryer
Resin Catalyst
Fragrance & Flavor
Other

Applications of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:

Catalyst:
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is co-catalyst to boost cobalt performance in unsaturated polyester resins and gelcoats.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is trimerization catalyst for polyisocyanurate foam.

Uses of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate can be used to promote cobalt soap catalysis and to reduce the dosage of cobalt during the polymerization of polyester resin paint.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is used as co-catalyst to boost cobalt performance and reduce color in unsaturated polyester resins and gelcoats.

Industry Uses:
Cleaning agent
Corrosion inhibitor
Drier
Lubricating agent
Surface modifier
Surfactant (surface active agent)

Consumer Use:
Drier

Usage of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is mainly used as salt-forming agent of potassium clavulanate, salt-forming agent of synthesizing cephalosporin antibiotics, cross-linking agent of macromolecule materials, heat stabilizer of plastic products, catalyst of polymerization, additive of lubricating oil and fuel oil, and can also be used in the fields of dyestuff, perfume and preservative.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is mainly used as a salt forming agent for the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotic potassium clavulanate, a heat stabilizer for plastic products, a catalyst for polymerization, and a crosslinking agent for polymer materials.

General Manufacturing Information of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing

Handling and Storage of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:
The use of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate requires technical and professional knowledge.
For further information on handling, storage and toxicity consult the safety data sheet.
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate must always be stored sealed, in a cool, ventilated place, protected from atmospheric agents.

Packaging:
The standard packaging of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate is in 1000 kg IBCs.

Stability and Reactivity of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:

Chemical stability:

Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:
No decomposition if used according to specifications.

Incompatible materials:
No further relevant information available.

Hazardous decomposition products:
No dangerous decomposition products known.

Safety of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:

H Statements:

H315:
Causes skin irritation.

H319:
Causes serious eye irritation.

H335:
May cause respiratory irritation.

P Statements:

P158:
P158

P261:
Avoid breathing dust, fumes, gas, mist, vapours, spray.

P280:
Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P302+P352:

IF ON SKIN:
Wash with plenty of soap and water.

P304+P340:

IF INHALED:
Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

P305+P351+P338:

IF IN EYES:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

P403+P233:
Store in a well ventilated place.
Keep container tightly closed.

P501:
Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Solid streams of water may be ineffective.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Cleanup Methods of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:

Environmental considerations:

Land spill:
Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner.

Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

Water spill:
Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel.
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Air spill:
Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.
Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS (5 gallons or greater):
Do not discharge effluent containing Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge.
Do not discharge effluent containing Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority.

Disposal Methods of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate for Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate approved use or return Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

For containers less than 1 gallon:
Do not reuse container.
Wrap container and discard in the trash. (1 gal. bladder in box) Remove empty bladder from outer corrugated box.
Do not reuse bladder. Wrap bladder and box and put in trash.

Pesticide Disposal:
Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous.
Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law.
If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste Representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance.

Container Disposal:
Triple rinse (or equivalent).
Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in sanitary landfill, or incineration, or if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning.

If burned, stay out of smoke:
Remove empty bladder from outer corrugated box.
Triple rinse bladder (or equivalent).
Offer box and bladder for recycling or dispose of in a sanitary landfill or incineraVon, or if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning.

Identifiers of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:
EC / List no.: 212-130-7
CAS no.: 764-71-6
Mol. formula: C8H16O2.K

CAS No.: 764-71-6
Chemical Name: Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate
CBNumber: CB9106938
Molecular Formula: C8H17KO2
Molecular Weight: 184.32
MDL Number: MFCD00801112
MOL File: 764-71-6.mol

Formula: C8H15KO2
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H16O2.K/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8(9)10;/h2-7H2,1H3,(H,9,10);
InChI key: InChIKey=NEDCBCQYSIPIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: [K].O=C(O)CCCCCCC

Product Name: Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate
CAS: 764-71-6
EICNECS: 212-130-7
Formula: C8H15KO2
Synonyms: Potassium Octanoate, Octanoic acid, Potassium Salt (1:1)
Suggested Industries: Construction & Building Materials

IUPAC Traditional: potassium octanoate
Molecular formula: C8H15KO2
Molecular weight: 182.304
SMILES: [K+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O
Compound number: Molport-006-112-319

Linear Formula: K[OOCCH(C2H5)C4H9]
MDL Number: MFCD00045896
EC No.: 221-625-7
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 23669619
IUPAC Name: potassium 2-ethylhexanoate
SMILES: [K+].[O-]C(=O)C(CC)CCCC
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C8H16O2.K/c1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8(9)10;/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
InchI Key: ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M

CAS Number: 3164-85-0
ChemSpider: 56266
ECHA InfoCard: 100.019.660
EC Number: 221-625-7
PubChem CID: 62486
UNII: P089X9A38X
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4027525
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H16O2.K/c1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8(9)10;/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
Key: ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/C8H16O2.K/c1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8(9)10;/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
Key: ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-REWHXWOFAE
SMILES: [K+].[O-]C(=O)C(CC)CCCC

Properties of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:
Chemical formula: C8H15KO2
Molar mass: 182.304 g·mol−1

Molecular weight: 183.31 g/mol
Formula: C8H16O2•K
Purity: Min. 95%
Color/Form: Powder
MDL: MFCD00801112
HS code: 2915907098

Appearance: Liquid
Color Clear: Yellow
Content of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, % 75: ± 3
Viscosity @ 25°C, mPa s: 3500 - 4500
OH number, mg KOH / g (calculated): 470
Water content, %: 3.2 - 3.7

Molecular Weight: 182.30 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 182.07091120 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 182.07091120 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 94.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Yellow-orange
Metal Content: 15% potassium
Solvent: Diethylene glycol
Typical Viscosity (mPa.s, rt): 5 000
Viscosity 25°C (dPa.s): 50,5
Water Content (wt %): 4
Concentration (wt %): 71
OH Value (mg KOH/g): 254

Color: White
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 182.30
Percent Purity: ≥95.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Lumps
Chemical Name or Material: Potassium 2-Ethylhexanoate

Complementary Products of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:

Similar products that may enhance results or work well together:
Niax Silicone L-6633
Niax Catalyst A-1
Niax Catalyst C-41

Names of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:

Regulatory process names:
Caprylic acid, potassium salt
Octanoic acid, potassium salt
Octanoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
Potassium caprylate
Potassium octanoate
Potassium octanoate
potassium octanoate

IUPAC names:
Octanoic acid, potassium salt
potassium caprylate ou octanoate
Potassium octanoate
potassium octanoate
potassium octanoic acid
Potassium Octoate
potassium;octanoate
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate

Other identifiers:
146837-11-8
764-71-6

Synonyms of Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate:
Potassium octanoate
764-71-6
Potassium caprylate
Potassium octoate
potassium;octanoate
EINECS 212-130-7
Octanoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
UNII-7CND0TX59N
7CND0TX59N
Caprylic acid, potassium salt
OCTANOIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
potassium n-octanoate
potassium octylate
SCHEMBL26223
CHEMBL3894810
DTXSID9052507
POTASSIUM CAPRYLATE [INCI]
CAPRYLIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT
EC 686
AKOS006220435
K 977
Q27268087
221-625-7 [EINECS]
2-Éthylhexanoate de potassium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, potassium salt
3164-85-0 [RN]
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, potassium salt
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, potassium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]
Kalium-2-ethylhexanoat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Potassium 2-ethylhexanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
[3164-85-0] [RN]
19766-89-3 [RN]
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT, ANHYDROUS
764-71-6 [RN]
93357-97-2 [RN]
MFCD00045896 [MDL number]
MFCD00801112
Potassium 2-ethyl hexanoate
potassium and 2-ethylhexanoate
Potassium octoate
Potassium octoate/Potassium acetate
potassium2-ethylhexanoate
POTASSIUM-2-ETHYLHEXANOATE
POTASSIUMOCTOATE

Potassium acetate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3COOK.
Potassium acetate is the potassium salt of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and is commonly known as potassium ethanoate.
Potassium acetate is a white crystalline powder or granular substance.

CAS Number: 127-08-2
EC Number: 204-822-2



APPLICATIONS


Potassium acetate is widely used as a deicing agent for roads, runways, and sidewalks during winter to melt ice and snow effectively.
In the food industry, Potassium acetate serves as a food additive, functioning as a preservative, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator in certain products.
Potassium acetate is employed as a buffering agent in various chemical and biological applications, helping to maintain a stable pH in solutions.

Potassium acetate is utilized in the medical field, found in some intravenous solutions and medications for therapeutic purposes.
Potassium acetate is used in animal feed formulations to provide essential potassium nutrients for livestock and poultry.
Potassium acetate is added to certain fire-extinguishing agents and flame retardants for fire safety applications.

In electroplating processes, it is used as a bath for metal deposition onto surfaces.
Potassium acetate is utilized in laboratory research and analytical applications, especially in chemistry and biochemistry studies.
Potassium acetate finds use in the textile industry for dyeing and printing processes, contributing to vibrant and uniform colors on fabrics.

Potassium acetate serves as a tanning agent in the leather industry, aiding in the tanning process to produce quality leather materials.
Potassium acetate is used as a corrosion inhibitor in certain applications to protect metal surfaces from degradation.

Potassium acetate is used in the production of certain fertilizers to enhance crop growth and improve soil quality.
Potassium acetate is a component in some antifreeze and deicing formulations for aircraft and other vehicles.

In the manufacture of certain specialty chemicals, it acts as an essential building block in chemical synthesis.
Potassium acetate is utilized as a catalyst or catalyst support in various chemical reactions.
Potassium acetate is used in the production of certain pharmaceuticals and medical formulations.
Potassium acetate is employed as a component in some drilling fluids and completion fluids in the oil and gas industry.

Potassium acetate is utilized in the production of certain adhesives and glues to improve bonding properties.
Potassium acetate finds use in the preparation of certain ceramics and ceramic glazes.
Potassium acetate is employed in some cleaning and maintenance products for its effective cleaning properties.

Potassium acetate is used in certain coolant formulations for cooling systems in engines and machinery.
In the construction industry, Potassium acetate can be added to certain cement mixes to modify properties and improve performance.
Potassium acetate is used in some pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery systems.
Potassium acetate is added to certain electrolyte formulations used in batteries and electrochemical cells.

Potassium acetate is employed in the production of certain metal cleaning and polishing products.
Potassium acetate is utilized in certain dye-fixing agents in the textile industry, ensuring color retention and durability in fabrics.
Potassium acetate is used in the production of certain adhesives and sealants for various bonding applications.
In the pulp and paper industry, potassium acetate is employed as a chemical additive for paper processing and bleaching.

Potassium acetate serves as a pH regulator and stabilizer in certain cosmetic and personal care products, such as shampoos and lotions.
Potassium acetate is added to some food products to improve texture, consistency, and mouthfeel.
Potassium acetate is used in certain fire-resistant coatings and paints for enhanced fire safety features.

Potassium acetate is employed in certain drilling and fracturing fluids in hydraulic fracturing operations in the oil and gas industry.
Potassium acetate is used as a reagent in chemical laboratories for specific analytical and synthesis purposes.
Potassium acetate finds use as a dehydrating agent in certain chemical reactions and processes.
Potassium acetate is employed as an electrolyte in certain electrochemical cells and energy storage systems.

In the construction industry, it can be added to certain concrete mixes to improve workability and durability.
Potassium acetate is used in certain air fresheners and deodorizers for odor control purposes.

Potassium acetate is added to some pharmaceutical formulations to improve drug stability and bioavailability.
Potassium acetate serves as a corrosion inhibitor in certain cooling systems and industrial equipment.
Potassium acetate is utilized in certain wastewater treatment processes to control pH levels and remove heavy metals.
Potassium acetate is used in some detergent formulations for effective cleaning and stain removal.
In the ceramics industry, it is added to glazes to enhance finish and adhesion on ceramic products.

Potassium acetate is employed in the production of certain rubber and plastic materials for improved performance.
Potassium acetate is used as a stabilizer and additive in certain photographic developing solutions.
Potassium acetate is added to some drilling muds in geotechnical engineering to improve soil stability.

Potassium acetate is utilized in the manufacturing of certain cleaning agents and disinfectants.
Potassium acetate serves as a food thickener and stabilizer in certain sauces and dressings.
Potassium acetate is used in the production of certain cementitious materials for construction purposes.

Potassium acetate is employed in certain paint removers and stripping agents for surface preparation.
Potassium acetate is added to some skincare products for its hydrating and moisturizing properties.



DESCRIPTION


Potassium acetate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3COOK.
Potassium acetate is the potassium salt of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and is commonly known as potassium ethanoate.
Potassium acetate is a white crystalline powder or granular substance.

Potassium acetate is a white crystalline powder or granular substance with the chemical formula CH3COOK.
Potassium acetate is the potassium salt of acetic acid, also known as potassium ethanoate.
Potassium acetate has a molecular weight of approximately 98.14 g/mol.

Potassium acetate is highly soluble in water, and its solutions have a mildly alkaline pH.
Potassium acetate has a wide range of applications in various industries due to its unique chemical properties.

Potassium acetate is commonly used as an environmentally friendly deicing agent for roads, runways, and other surfaces.
In the food industry, Potassium acetate serves as a food additive for preservation, flavor enhancement, and pH regulation.
Potassium acetate is utilized as a buffering agent in chemistry and biochemistry laboratories to stabilize pH in solutions.

Potassium acetate finds applications in medical formulations and intravenous solutions.
Potassium acetate is sometimes used as an additive in animal feed to provide essential nutrients.

Potassium acetate exhibits flame-retardant properties, making it suitable for certain fire safety applications.
In electroplating processes, it is used in certain baths for metal deposition.
Potassium acetate serves as a reagent in various chemical reactions and synthesis processes in research laboratories.

Potassium acetate can be added to concrete mixes to accelerate setting time and improve concrete strength.
Potassium acetate is used in the textile industry for dyeing and printing processes.
In the leather tanning process, potassium acetate plays a role as a tanning agent.

Potassium acetate has applications in laboratory research and analytical procedures.
Potassium acetate is a cost-effective and versatile chemical with a broad range of uses in different fields.
Potassium acetate's unique properties make it suitable for diverse industrial processes and applications.
Potassium acetate is safe for specific uses and is generally regarded as environmentally friendly.
Its presence in certain formulations contributes to improved product performance and stability.

Potassium acetate is compatible with various substances and chemicals, adding to its utility.
Proper handling and storage of potassium acetate are essential to ensure safety and efficacy.

Potassium acetate's mild alkalinity makes it useful for pH adjustment in certain applications.
Its widespread applications across industries highlight its significance as a valuable chemical compound.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: CH3COOK
Molecular Weight: 98.14 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Potassium ethanoate
Other Names: Potassium acetas, Acetic acid potassium salt, Potassium ethanoic acid
CAS Number: 127-08-2
EC Number: 204-822-2
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Mildly salty
Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents
pH (1% solution): Approximately 8.9 - 9.7
Density: 1.57 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
Melting Point: 292°C (558°F) (anhydrous)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic; readily absorbs moisture from the air
Crystal Structure: Monoclinic
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Low acute oral toxicity; considered safe when used in approved applications
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances and sources of heat or ignition



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Potassium acetate dust or aerosol is inhaled, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, provide oxygen support, if available and trained to do so.
Seek immediate medical attention or call for emergency medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Potassium acetate, promptly remove contaminated clothing and accessories.
Wash the affected skin area gently but thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Rinse the skin with water to ensure complete removal of any residual substance.
If skin irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly.


Eye Contact:

If Potassium acetate comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the affected eye(s) with clean, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eye open while flushing to ensure thorough rinsing of the eye surface.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during the rinsing process.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact an ophthalmologist if eye irritation, pain, or vision problems persist.


Ingestion:

If Potassium acetate is ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a healthcare professional or poison control center.
Rinse the mouth gently but thoroughly with water if the substance was swallowed accidentally.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to dilute any remaining Potassium acetate in the mouth.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Conditions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Potassium acetate, always wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, a lab coat or protective clothing, and closed-toe shoes.
PPE helps minimize skin and eye contact and prevents inhalation of fine particles or dust.

Avoid Inhalation:
To prevent inhalation of fine particles or dust, handle Potassium acetate in a well-ventilated area.
Use local exhaust ventilation, if available, to control airborne dust levels.

Prevent Skin Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact with Potassium acetate.
In case of accidental skin contact, wash the affected area with soap and water.

Avoid Eye Contact:
Avoid direct eye contact with Potassium acetate.
If it comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Use in a Controlled Manner:
Handle Potassium acetate in a controlled manner and follow recommended usage levels to ensure the safe and appropriate use of the chemical.

Mixing and Dilution:
When incorporating Potassium acetate into solutions or formulations, follow specific instructions for mixing and dilution to ensure uniform distribution and proper blending.

No Eating, Drinking, or Smoking:
Prohibit eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Potassium acetate is handled to prevent accidental ingestion or exposure.

Containment:
Use appropriate containers and storage units to prevent spills and leaks.
Practice good hygiene and containment measures to avoid cross-contamination.


Storage Conditions:

Temperature and Humidity:
Store Potassium acetate in a cool, dry place at the recommended temperature and humidity range specified by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.

Keep Containers Sealed:
Ensure that containers of Potassium acetate are tightly closed and properly sealed when not in use to maintain the chemical's quality and prevent moisture absorption.

Separate from Incompatible Substances:
Store Potassium acetate away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and moisture-sensitive substances.

Segregation:
Store Potassium acetate in designated areas, away from other chemicals or products, to prevent cross-contamination.

Fire Safety:
Avoid storing Potassium acetate near potential sources of ignition or open flames.
Follow fire safety guidelines in the storage area.

Emergency Equipment:
Keep emergency response equipment, such as spill kits and eyewash stations, readily available in the storage area.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label containers of Potassium acetate with appropriate identification, including the chemical name, concentration, and any safety warnings.

Restricted Access:
Limit access to Potassium acetate storage areas to authorized personnel only.

Chemical Compatibility:
Store Potassium acetate away from incompatible chemicals to avoid potential reactions and hazards.

Chemical Segregation:
Avoid storing Potassium acetate with strong acids, bases, or reactive substances that could lead to unintended reactions or decomposition.

Handling Precautions:
Ensure that containers are well-sealed and not damaged to prevent leaks and spills during storage and handling.

Storage Stability:
Potassium acetate is generally stable when stored properly in suitable conditions.
However, it is essential to verify the shelf life and storage recommendations provided by the manufacturer.

Security:
Store Potassium acetate in a secure area, away from unauthorized access or potential tampering.

Ventilation:
Ensure proper ventilation in the storage area to minimize the risk of exposure to airborne dust or vapors.



SYNONYMS


Potassium ethanoate
Acetic acid potassium salt
Potassium acetas
Potassium ethanoic acid
E261 (food additive number)
Kaliumacetat (German)
Acétate de potassium (French)
Acetato de potasio (Spanish)
Acetato di potassio (Italian)
Acetato de potássio (Portuguese)
Kalium acetaat (Dutch)
Acetato de potássio (Brazilian Portuguese)
Potassium acetic acid
Potassium acetic acid salt
Potassium acetic acid ester
Potassium acetic acid ester of acetic acid
Potassium acetic acid ester of ethanoic acid
Potassium acetic acid ester of acetyl acid
Potassium acetic acid ester of ethylic acid
Potassium acetic acid ester of acetyl ester
Potassium acetic acid ester of acetic acid ethyl ester
Potassium acetic acid ethanoate
Kaliumethanoat (German)
Acetate potassium
Monopotassium acetate
Potassium ethanoate
Acetic acid potassium salt
Potassium acetas
Potassium ethanoic acid
E261 (food additive number)
Kaliumacetat (German)

Acétate de potassium (French)
Acetato de potasio (Spanish)
Acetato di potassio (Italian)
Acetato de potássio (Portuguese)
Kalium acetaat (Dutch)
Acetato de potássio (Brazilian Portuguese)
Potassium acetic acid
Potassium acetic acid salt
Potassium acetic acid ester
Potassium acetic acid ester of acetic acid
Potassium acetic acid ester of ethanoic acid
Potassium acetic acid ester of acetyl acid
Potassium acetic acid ester of ethylic acid
Potassium acetic acid ester of acetyl ester
Potassium acetic acid ester of acetic acid ethyl ester
Potassium acetic acid ethanoate
Kaliumethanoat (German)
Acetate potassium
Monopotassium acetate

Potassium Ascorbate IUPAC Name (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one Potassium Ascorbate InChI 1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1 Potassium Ascorbate InChI Key CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Potassium Ascorbate Canonical SMILES C(C(C1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O Potassium Ascorbate Isomeric SMILES C([C@@H]([C@@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O Potassium Ascorbate Molecular Formula C6H8O6 Potassium Ascorbate CAS 50-81-7 Potassium Ascorbate Related CAS 134-03-2 (monosodium salt) Potassium Ascorbate Deprecated CAS 129940-97-2, 14536-17-5 Potassium Ascorbate European Community (EC) Number 200-066-2 Potassium Ascorbate ICSC Number 0379 Potassium Ascorbate RTECS Number CI7650000 Potassium Ascorbate UNII PQ6CK8PD0R Potassium Ascorbate FEMA Number 2109 Potassium Ascorbate DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID5020106 Potassium Ascorbate Physical Description DryPowder Potassium Ascorbate Color/Form Crystals (usually plates, sometimes needles, monoclinic system) Potassium Ascorbate Odor Odorless Potassium Ascorbate Taste Pleasant, sharp, acidic taste Potassium Ascorbate Melting Point 374 to 378 °F Potassium Ascorbate Solubility greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 73° F Potassium Ascorbate Density 1.65 Potassium Ascorbate Vapor Pressure 9.28X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C Potassium Ascorbate LogP -1.85 Potassium Ascorbate Stability/Shelf Life Stable to air when dry; impure preparation and in many natural products vitamin oxidizes on exposure to air and light. Aqueous solutions are rapidly oxidized by air, accelerated by alkalies, iron, copper Potassium Ascorbate Optical Rotation [α]D/20 between + 20,5° and + 21,5° (10 % w/v aqueous solution) Potassium Ascorbate Autoignition Temperature 1220 °F Potassium Ascorbate Decomposition When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Potassium Ascorbate Heat of Vaporization The heat of vaporization is 1.487X10+8 J/kmol at 465.15 deg K. Potassium Ascorbate pH Between 2,4 and 2,8 (2 % aqueous solution) Potassium Ascorbate Surface Tension 4.039X10-2 N/m Potassium Ascorbate pKa 4.7 (at 10 °C) Potassium Ascorbate Dissociation Constants pK1 = 4.17; pK2 = 11.57 Potassium Ascorbate Collision Cross Section 138.6 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)] Potassium Ascorbate Other Experimental Properties log Kow = -2.15 at 23 °C; log Kow = -2.00 at 37 °C Potassium Ascorbate Molecular Weight 176.12 g/mol Potassium Ascorbate XLogP3 -1.6 Potassium Ascorbate Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 4 Potassium Ascorbate Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 6 Potassium Ascorbate Rotatable Bond Count 2 Potassium Ascorbate Exact Mass 176.032088 g/mol Potassium Ascorbate Monoisotopic Mass 176.032088 g/mol Potassium Ascorbate Topological Polar Surface Area 107 Ų Potassium Ascorbate Heavy Atom Count 12 Potassium Ascorbate Formal Charge 0 Potassium Ascorbate Complexity 232 Potassium Ascorbate Isotope Atom Count 0 Potassium Ascorbate Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 2 Potassium Ascorbate Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Ascorbate Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Ascorbate Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Potassium Ascorbate Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Potassium Ascorbate Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Vitamin C (Potassium Ascorbate) is a water soluble vitamin found in citrus fruits and green vegetables and deficiency of which is the cause of scurvy. There is no evidence that vitamin C, in physiologic or in moderately high doses, causes acute liver injury or jaundice.Potassium Ascorbate 100 to 200 mg daily may be given with desferrioxamine in the treatment of patients with thalassemia, to improve the chelating action of desferrioxamine, thereby increasing the excretion of iron.In iron deficiency states Potassium Ascorbate may increase gastrointestinal iron absorption and Potassium Ascorbate or ascorbate salts are therefore included in some oral iron preparations.Eye drops containing potassium ascorbate (Potassium Ascorbate 10%) have been used for the treatment of chemical eye burns. /Potassium ascorbate/Potassium Ascorbate and calcium and sodium ascorbates are used as antioxidants in pharmaceutical manufacturing and in the food industry.Potassium Ascorbate is also under investigation for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome, a chronic and progressive disorder of the nervous system.Potassium Ascorbate facilitates absorption of iron by keeping iron in reduced form. A few microcytic anemias respond to Potassium Ascorbate treatment, which may be ... due to improved absorption of iron.Potassium Ascorbate (but not sodium ascorbate) can be used as alternative /urinary acidifier/ ... if ammonium chloride is not tolerated or is containdicated. Doses of 0.5-2 g every 4 hr are recommended; however, the desirable alteration in urinary pH is not always obtained ... even at the higher dose levels.For prophylaxis or correction of deficiency, Vitamin C may be given as fresh or frozen orange juice (contains approx 0.5 mg/mL of Potassium Ascorbate). Crystalline Potassium Ascorbate is suitable alternative; oral admin is preferred, but the vitamin may be given im or iv .Potassium Ascorbate is used to prevent and to treat scurvy. Scurvy may be treated with dietary vitamin C; however, administration of therapeutic doses of Potassium Ascorbate probably results in more prompt saturation of tissue stores.Potassium Ascorbate has been used as a urinary acidifier although its efficacy has been questioned. Potassium Ascorbate may be useful in correcting tyrosinemia in premature infants on high-protein diets. The drug may also be useful to treat idiopathic methemoglobinemia, although it is less effective than methylene blue. Limited evidence indicates that Potassium Ascorbate administered during deferoxamine therapy increases iron excretion more than deferoxamine alone. Potassium Ascorbate is used as an antioxidant in formulations of injectable doxycycline and other drugs.Large doses of Potassium Ascorbate have been advocated for lessening the severity of and for preventing the common cold. Most large, controlled studies have shown the drug to have little or no value in the prevention or treatment of colds, and most clinicians believe the possible benefit is not worth the risk of toxicity.Although Potassium Ascorbate has not been shown by well-controlled trials to have therapeutic value, it has been prescribed for hematuria, retinal hemorrhages, hemorrhagic states, dental caries, pyorrhea, gum infections, anemia, acne, infertility, atherosclerosis, mental depression, peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, dysentery, collagen disorders, cancer, osteogenesis imperfecta, fractures, leg ulcers, pressure sores, physical endurance, hay fever, heat prostration, vascular thrombosis prevention, levodopa toxicity, succinylcholine toxicity, arsenic toxicity, and as a mucolytic agent.Medication (Vet): Feed additives with antioxidant properties such as Potassium Ascorbate had no protective effect against monocrotaline lethality and hepatotoxicity in mice.Proposed mechanisms of action for Potassium Ascorbate (ascorbate, vitamin C) in the prevention and treatment of cancer include enhancement of the immune system, stimulation of collagen formation necessary for "walling off" tumors, inhibition of hyaluronidase which keeps the ground substance around the tumor intact and prevents metastasis, prevention of oncogenic viruses, correction of an ascorbate deficiency often seen in cancer patients, expedition of wound healing after cancer surgery, enhancement of the effect of certain chemotherapy drugs, reduction of the toxicity of other chemotherapeutic agents such as Adriamycin, prevention of free radical damage, and neutralization of carcinogenic substances.Of 14 clinical trials of Potassium Ascorbate in the prevention and treatment of the common cold, the data from 8 were considered well enough gathered to be creditable and to warrant combining for an over-all assessment of efficacy. Differences in mean prorated numbers of colds per year and durations of illness were 0.09 plus or minus 0.06 (plus or minus 1 standard error) and 0.11 plus or minus 0.24, respectively, favoring Potassium Ascorbate over the placebo. These are minor and insignificant differences, but in most studies the severity of symptoms was significantly worse in the patients who received the placebo. In one study lasting 9 months, a large number of the volunteers tasted their capsules and correctly guessed what group they were in. All differences in severity and duration were eliminated by analyzing only the data from those who did not know which drug they were taking. Since there are no data on the long-term toxicity of Potassium Ascorbate when given in doses of 1 g or more per day, it is concluded that the minor benefits of questionable validity are not worth the potential risk, no matter how small that might be.Potassium Ascorbate is a widely used and controversial alternative cancer treatment. In millimolar concentrations, it is selectively cytotoxic to many cancer cell lines and has in vivo anticancer activity when administered alone or together with other agents. ... Patients with advanced cancer or hematologic malignancy were assigned to sequential cohorts infused with 0.4, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.5 g Potassium Ascorbate/kg body weight three times weekly. Adverse events and toxicity were minimal at all dose levels. No patient had an objective anticancer response. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose iv Potassium Ascorbate was well tolerated but failed to demonstrate anticancer activity when administered to patients with previously treated advanced malignancies.Large doses are reported to cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disturbances. It has also been stated that large doses may result in hyperoxaluria and the formation of renal calcium oxalate calculi, and Potassium Ascorbate should therefore be given with care to patients with hyperoxaluria. Tolerance may be induced with prolonged use of large doses, resulting in symptoms of deficiency when intake is reduced to normal. Prolonged or excessive use of chewable vitamin C preparations may cause erosion of tooth enamel.Large doses of Potassium Ascorbate have resulted in hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency.Potassium Ascorbate (vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin indicated for the prevention and treatment of scurvy, as Potassium Ascorbate deficiency results in scurvy. Collagenous structures are primarily affected, and lesions develop in bones and blood vessels. Administration of Potassium Ascorbate completely reverses the symptoms of Potassium Ascorbate deficiency.Potassium Ascorbate is a natural water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin C). Potassium Ascorbate is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries. Found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables, vitamin C cannot be produced or stored by humans and must be obtained in the diet. (NCI04)Vitamin C (Potassium Ascorbate) is a water-soluble nutrient that acts as an antioxidant by virtue of its high reducing power. It has a number of functions: as a scavenger of free radicals; as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of carnitine, collagen, neurotransmitters, and in vitro processes; and as a reducing agent. Evidence for in vivo antioxidant functions of ascorbate include the scavenging of reactive oxidants in activated leukocytes, lung, and gastric mucosa, and diminished lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary isoprostane excretion.The biological functions of Potassium Ascorbate are based on its ability to provide reducing equivalents for a variety of biochemical reactions. Because of its reducing power, the vitamin can reduce most physiologically relevant reactive oxygen species. In humans, an exogenous source of Potassium Ascorbate is required for collagen formation and tissue repair. Vitamin C is a co-factor in many biological processes including the conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline, in the hydroxylation steps in the synthesis of adrenal steroid hormones, in tyrosine metabolism, in the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid, in carbohydrate metabolism, in the synthesis of lipids and proteins, in iron metabolism, in resistance to infection, and in cellular respiration.Some unusual diets (eg, reducing diets that drastically restrict food selection) may not supply minimum daily requirements for Potassium Ascorbate. Supplementation is necessary in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or undergoing rapid weight loss or, in those with malnutrition, because of inadequate dietary intake.The daily intake of Potassium Ascorbate must equal the amount that is excreted or destroyed by oxidation. Healthy adult human subjects lose 3 to 4% of their body store daily. To maintain a body store of 1500 mg of Potassium Ascorbate or more in an adult man, it would thus be necessary to absorb approximately 60 mg daily. Values for vitamin C requirements of other age groups are based on similar reasoning.Under special circumstances, more Potassium Ascorbate appears to be required to achieve normal concentrations in the plasma. Thus, South African miners have been observed to require 200 to 250 mg of vitamin C daily to maintain a plasma concentration of 0.75 mg/dl (43 um).Potassium Ascorbate is required along with iron as a cofactor for the post-translational hydroxylation of proline and lysine to effect crosslinking of mature collagen. Lack of this function due to ascorbate deficiency results in defective collagen formation and the physical symptoms of scurvy. However, serum or urinary levels of proline or lysine, their hydroxylated forms, or other measures of collagen metabolism have not been shown to be reliable markers of ascorbate status.The renal threshold for Potassium Ascorbate is approx 14 ug/mL, but this level varies among individuals. When the body is saturated with Potassium Ascorbate and blood concentrations exceed the threshold, unchanged Potassium Ascorbate is excreted in the urine. When tissue saturation and blood concentrations of Potassium Ascorbate are low, administration of the vitamin results in little or no urinary excretion of Potassium Ascorbate. Inactive metabolites of Potassium Ascorbate such as Potassium Ascorbate-2-sulfate and oxalic acid are excreted in the urine ... Potassium Ascorbate is also excreted in the bile but there is no evidence for enterohepatic circulation.Hepatic. Potassium Ascorbate is reversibly oxidised (by removal of the hydrogen from the enediol group of Potassium Ascorbate) to dehydroPotassium Ascorbate. The two forms found in body fluids are physiologically active. Some Potassium Ascorbate is metabolized to inactive compounds including Potassium Ascorbate-2-sulfate and oxalic acid.Potassium Ascorbate-2-sulfate has ... been identified as metabolite of Vitamin C in human urine.Potassium Ascorbate is reversibly oxidized to dehydroPotassium Ascorbate in the body. This reaction, which proceeds by removal of the hydrogen from the enediol group of Potassium Ascorbate, is part of the hydrogen transfer system ...The two forms found in body fluids are physiologically active. Some Potassium Ascorbate is metabolized to inactive compounds including Potassium Ascorbate-2-sulfate and oxalic acid ...In humans, an exogenous source of Potassium Ascorbate is required for collagen formation and tissue repair by acting as a cofactor in the posttranslational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins. Potassium Ascorbate is reversibly oxidized to dehydroPotassium Ascorbate in the body. These two forms of the vitamin are believed to be important in oxidation-reduction reactions. The vitamin is involved in tyrosine metabolism, conversion of folic acid to folinic acid, carbohydrate metabolism, synthesis of lipids and proteins, iron metabolism, resistance to infections, and cellular respiration.While surgery is the definitive treatment for early-stage melanoma, the current therapies against advanced melanoma do not yet provide an effective, long-lasting control of the lesions and a satisfactory impact on patient survival. Thus, research is also focused on novel treatments that could potentiate the current therapies. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of potassium ascorbate with ribose (PAR) treatment on the human melanoma cell line, A375, in 2D and 3D models. In the 2D model, in line with the current literature, the pharmacological treatment with PAR decreased cell proliferation and viability. In addition, an increase in Connexin 43 mRNA and protein was observed. This novel finding was confirmed in PAR-treated melanoma cells cultured in 3D, where an increase in functional gap junctions and a higher spheroid compactness were observed. Moreover, in the 3D model, a remarkable decrease in the size and volume of spheroids was observed, further supporting the treatment efficacy observed in the 2D model. In conclusion, our results suggest that PAR could be used as a safe adjuvant approach in support to conventional therapies for the treatment of melanoma.Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer representing over 10% of all skin cancers but is responsible for more than 80% of skin cancer-related deaths. In addition, its incidence is growing and has even doubled in the last 10 years: it has been estimated that, in the next future, it will be the fifth most common cancer in American men and the seventh most common cancer in American women, accounting for 5% and 4% of all new cancer cases, respectively.Many risk factors for melanoma have been identified, including environmental and genetic factors, most likely acting in combination. Among endogenous factors, the most relevant are mutations in BRAF (mainly the specific mutation V600E), which are observed in ~60% of patients with nonfamilial, cutaneous melanomas, and the presence of a large number of nevi and skin phenotype 1 or 2 (fair skin, hair, and iris). Among exogenous causes, increased risk of melanoma has been associated with overexposure to natural or artificial UV radiation.Regarding the treatment of melanoma, the surgical removal is still the cornerstone of treatment in the early stages of the tumor. For advanced or metastatic melanoma, depending on tumor spread, affected organs, and the patient’s general health, several systemic therapies can be chosen, including cytotoxic agents (also combined to radiotherapy) and, more recently emerged, immune-checkpoint blockers or molecular targeted inhibitors.Among adjuvant therapies, IFN-α is the only approved treatment for melanoma. Because of the significant side effects of IFN-α (e.g., nausea, fatigue, and neutropenia), and the short-lived response to this treatment, research is focused on novel or reappraised adjuvant therapies in support to the conventional ones. On this subject, a growing body of literature has investigated the efficacy of PAR, a compound formed by potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), L-ascorbic acid (AA), and D-ribose (D-Rib). PAR has been reported to have anticancer effects in vitro as well as in vivo, for example, in precarcinogenic conditions such as genetic syndromes (Beckwith-Wiedemann, Prader-Willi, and Costello Syndromes), which are characterized by an increased risk of malignancies and neoplasms. Interestingly, after once-a-day continuous treatment with PAR, a few patients with these syndromes were monitored for 9–30 months and an improvement of their clinical conditions was observed; most importantly, none of them developed tumors in the follow-up period of ten years. PAR has also given encouraging results when used in neoplastic patients undergoing radio- and chemotherapy, increasing survival from five to ten years , and in patients with mesothelioma and prostate cancer.It is thought that reduction of neoplastic risk afforded by PAR is allowed by different mechanisms; these manifold actions are given by the individual substances, which seem to have additive or synergistic effects. In particular, AA, at pharmacological doses, has shown antiproliferative, antimetastatic , antiangiogenic, and immunostimulatory properties; KHCO3 restores intracellular levels of K+, which are deeply decreased in most cancer cells; and ribose contributes to correct the hypokalemic condition behaving as a catalyst.Taken together, the data from the literature suggest that PAR could be useful as a new adjuvant treatment against cancer. In addition, skin tissues offer a peculiar way to act, which is the topical application that allows the administration of relatively high drug concentration and with minimum significant metabolic transformation.Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of PAR on cell proliferation and cell-to-cell communication in human melanoma cells.A375 melanoma cells (from ATCC) were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Lonza, Milan, Italy) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, EuroClone, Milan, Italy), 1% of L-glutamine (Lonza, Milan, Italy), and 1% of penicillin/streptomycin antibiotics (Lonza, Milan, Italy). The cells were maintained at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. A375 cells have BRAF (V600E) and p16 mutations.In preliminary experiments performed in 2D model, cells were treated with a wide range of concentrations of PAR (from 100 μM to 10 mM). In all subsequent experiments, the concentration range was restricted to 500 μM and 2 mM, which proved to be the lowest effective doses (for convenience, the concentrations are referred to ascorbic acid). The mixture was prepared by dissolving potassium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid, and ribose powders in culture medium in the dark (because they are light-sensitive), using nonmetallic spatulas (to avoid oxidation of ascorbic acid).Potassium ascorbate is a chemical compound with the formula KC6H7O6. It is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid, which is a form of vitamin C. The commercial preparation of potassium ascorbate is accomplished through chemical means. Ascorbic acid and potassium bicarbonate are refined to a purity of at least 97 percent. These two chemicals are then mixed in cold water to produce potassium ascorbate.Potassium ascorbate provides a biologically available form of potassium and vitamin C, both of which are essential nutrients. Potassium is a chemical element with the atomic number 19. It’s so-named because it was first isolated in potash, which was originally produced by soaking plant ashes in water. Potassium is essential for all forms of life.Vitamin C is a collective term for a group of related compounds based on ascorbate. This group also includes ascorbic acid and its salts. Some oxidized forms of ascorbic acid such a dehydroascorbic acid also exhibit vitamin C activity. Vitamin C is necessary for all life forms, although virtually all organisms can synthesize it from other substances. The known exceptions include humans and some other primates, guinea pigs, capybaras and most bats.Potassium ascorbate offers specific advantages compared to other methods of delivering potassium and vitamin C. For example, potassium ascorbate is a chelator that allows it to bind other minerals. This property allows potassium ascorbate to be easily transported and retained in the body. It may also help to regulate hormone levels, which can support fertility.Potassium ascorbate is a less acidic form of vitamin C than ascorbic acid, which may allow it to resist cellular degeneration. This effect can help to manage degenerative conditions by eventually causing the responsible cells to die. The alkalizing effect of potassium ascorbate can also manage degenerative processes by maintaining healthy levels of potassium. This effect results from potassium ascorbates’s role as a potassium carrier within the cells. The antioxidant properties of ascorbate also help to inhibit degenerative processes.Potassium ascorbate has benefits of both potassium and vitamin C. These benefits include antioxidant activity, collagen production, healthy circulation and heart health support.The signs that you many need potassium ascorbate include the signs of potassium and vitamin C deficiencies. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of vitamin C is 200 mg/day, although many experts recommend much higher doses. A deficiency of vitamin C causes a characteristic set of symptoms known as scurvy. The first signs of scurvy include brown spots on the skin and spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes. Severe scurvy causes the loss of teeth and suppurating wounds.The most common causes of a potassium deficiency include chronic diarrhea, excessive urination and vomiting. The signs of a potassium deficiency generally relate to the resulting changes in metabolism and cellular membrane potential. These signs typically include muscle cramps, weakness and decreased reflexes. More severe signs of a potassium deficiency include irregularities in heart rhythm and respiratory paralysis.While surgery is the definitive treatment for early-stage melanoma, the current therapies against advanced melanoma do not yet provide an effective, long-lasting control of the lesions and a satisfactory impact on patient survival. Thus, research is also focused on novel treatments that could potentiate the current therapies. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of potassium ascorbate with ribose (PAR) treatment on the human melanoma cell line, A375, in 2D and 3D models. In the 2D model, in line with the current literature, the pharmacological treatment with PAR decreased cell proliferation and viability. In addition, an increase in Connexin 43 mRNA and protein was observed. This novel finding was confirmed in PAR-treated melanoma cells cultured in 3D, where an increase in functional gap junctions and a higher spheroid compactness were observed. Moreover, in the 3D model, a remarkable decrease in the size and volume of spheroids was observed, further supporting the treatment efficacy observed in the 2D model. In conclusion, our results suggest that PAR could be used as a safe adjuvant approach in support to conventional therapies for the treatment of melanoma.POTASSIUM ASCORBATE is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid that exhibits antioxidant property. It is produced by glucose fermentation followed by potassium oxidation. It is also used as a preservative in foods and is a good source of vitamin C.Potassium ascorbate is a compound with formula KC6H7O6. It is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and a mineral ascorbate. As a food additive, it has E number E303, INS number 303. Although it is not a permitted food additive in the UK or the USA, it is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand.Potassium ascorbate is a chemical compound with the formula KC6H7O6. It is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid, which is a form of vitamin C. The commercial preparation of potassium ascorbate is accomplished through chemical means. Ascorbic acid and potassium bicarbonate are refined to a purity of at least 97 percent. These two chemicals are then mixed in cold water to produce potassium ascorbate.Potassium ascorbate provides a biologically available form of potassium and vitamin C, both of which are essential nutrients. Potassium is a chemical element with the atomic number 19. It’s so-named because it was first isolated in potash, which was originally produced by soaking plant ashes in water. Potassium is essential for all forms of life.Vitamin C is a collective term for a group of related compounds based on ascorbate. This group also includes ascorbic acid and its salts. Some oxidized forms of ascorbic acid such a dehydroascorbic acid also exhibit vitamin C activity. Vitamin C is necessary for all life forms, although virtually all organisms can synthesize it from other substances. The known exceptions include humans and some other primates, guinea pigs, capybaras and most bats.

CAS Number: 582-25-2
EC Number: 209-481-3

What is potassium benzoate, and how is it used?
Potassium benzoate is a white, odorless powder that’s obtained by combining benzoic acid and potassium salt under heat .
Benzoic acid is a compound naturally found in plants, animals, and fermented products. Originally derived from the benzoin resin of certain tree species, it’s now mostly industrially produced.
Potassium salts are typically extracted from salt beds or certain minerals.
Potassium benzoate is used as a preservative, as it prevents the growth of bacteria, yeast, and particularly mold. As such, it’s often added to food, beauty, and skin care products to extend their shelf life .
A few beauty and skin care items that may harbor this ingredient are shampoos, conditioners, facial cleansers, and moisturizers.

SUMMARY
Potassium benzoate is a preservative commonly found in food, beauty, and skin care products.
Potassium benzoate helps extend shelf life by preventing bacteria, yeast, and mold growth.

Potassium benzoate can be found in a variety of packaged foods, including;
Beverages: soda, flavored drinks, and certain fruit and vegetable juices
Sweets: candy, chocolate, and pastries
Condiments: processed sauces and salad dressings, plus pickles and olives
Spreads: certain margarines, jams, and jellies
Processed meats and fish: salted or dried fish and seafood, as well as certain cold cuts

A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative.
Potassium benzoate is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

Industry Uses
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Use as preservative
Various uses including: Food / Beverage, U034, U017, U015, U007, U004, U002

Consumer Uses
Adhesives and sealants
Non-TSCA use
Personal care products

Industry Processing Sectors
Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Paint and coating manufacturing

Potassium benzoate is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be combined with other preservatives. If Potassium benzoate is used as a preservative, the pH of the finished product may need to be lowered enough to release the free acid for useful activity.
Potassium benzoate is often combined with Potassium Sorbate in low pH products to provide a synergistic preservative effect against yeast and mold.
Potassium benzoate (E212), the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria.
Potassium benzoate works best in low-pH products, below 4.5, where it exists as benzoic acid.

Potassium benzoate is a white, odorless powder that’s obtained by combining benzoic acid and potassium salt under heat
Potassium benzoate is used as a preservative, as it prevents the growth of bacteria, yeast, and particularly mold.
Potassium benzoate is a preservative commonly found in food, beauty, and skin care products.
Potassium benzoate helps extend shelf life by preventing bacteria, yeast, and mold growth.

Potassium Benzoate E212 can be used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products, Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry.
Potassium Benzoate E212 is used a food preservative to inhibit mold, yeast, and bacterial growth in fruit juices, carbonated drinks, pickles, and various other foods and beverages.
Potassium benzoate E212 can be used to replace sodium benzoate E211 in applications where the preserving power of benzoic acid E210 is required, but where a low sodium content is desired.
Potassium Benzoate is often used in low-sugar jams, marmalades, jellies and alcohol-free beer.

Potassium benzoate E212 uses as follows:
Potassium Benzoate E212 can be used as acidic food preservative in food such as in low-sugar jams, marmalades, jellies, fruit juices, carbonated drinks, pickles

Potassium Benzoate Uses:
-Preservative,
-Cosmetics,
-Feed,
-Pharmaceutical,
-Antimicrobial,
-Antifungal,
-Antibacterial,
-Margarine,
-Soft Drink,
-Alcohol Beverage,
-Beverage Powder,
-Ice Cream,
-Candy,
-Chewing Gum,
-Icings,
-Fruit Juice,
-Puddings,
-Sauces,
-Baking Food,
-Sauage,
-Food Colors,
-Milk, Wine,
-Flavoring Agent,
-Dyestuff,
-Toothpaste,
-Coating,
-Rubber.

Acidic foods and beverages such as fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbonic acid), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), and pickles (vinegar) may be preserved with potassium benzoate.
Potassium benzoate is approved for use in most countries including Canada, the U.S., and the EU, where it is designated by the E number E212.
Potassium benzoate is also used in the whistle in many fireworks.

Potassium benzoate, the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is typically used by food manufacturers as a chemical preservative.
Potassium benzoate's sometimes used in place of a related preservative -- sodium benzoate -- to reduce the food's sodium content.
Potassium benzoate helps fight food spoilage, and it can contribute to food's flavor, but like any food additive, it can cause allergic reactions in some people.

How Potassium Benzoate's Used
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, potassium benzoate is "generally recognized as safe" and approved for use as a preservative as well as a flavoring agent. Adding just a small amount can help prevent the growth of mold, yeast and certain bacteria in foods. Because the compound imparts a tang to certain foods, it can also be used as a flavoring agent.

Where Potassium Benzoate's Found
Potassium benzoate is typically added to packaged foods, so look to the more processed aspects of your diet to find it.
Potassium benzoate's used to preserve carbonated soft drinks, cider, juices, jams, syrups and pickled foods.
Potassium benzoate also occurs naturally in cranberries, so you'll also find it in cranberry juice, cranberry cocktail and cranberry sauce.

What is Potassium Benzoate?
Potassium benzoate is classified as a food preservative.
Potassium benzoate can work in one of two ways according to PubChem, a division of The National Center for Biotechnology Information. The first is as a food preservative, which means it inhibits or stops the process of fermentation, acidification, or any deterioration of a specific food.
Potassium benzoate is more specifically known as a fungistatic, which stops fungi's ability to grow or reproduce, which could potentially spoil a food.

Potassium Benzoate is manufactured primarily for food and beverage use.
Potassium Benzoate is a chemical preservative, which in very low concentrations inhibits the activity of the microorganisms.
Potassium Benzoate is used in carbonated beverages. The shelf life of un-pasteurized cider can be greatly extended by adding potassium benzoate.
Potassium Benzoate is also used as the whistle in many fireworks.

How is Potassium Benzoate made?
Potassium benzoate can be chemically synthesized by the reaction of benzoic acid (produced from the oxidation of toluene) with potassium bicarbonate, or potassium carbonate, or potassium hydroxide.

Specification
Appearance
A white or colorless crystalline powder or granular.

Other Names
Potassium salt of benzenecarboxylic acid
Potassium salt of phenylcarboxylic acid
CAS Number
532-32-1

What are the Uses of Potassium Benzoate?
Potassium Benzoate is used less than sodium benzoate in past years, but now it seems the market demand is increasing.
Potassium benzoate is used as a substitute preservative for sodium benzoate primarily in acidic foods where the sodium content needed to be lower.
The following food may contain with it:
-soda
-juice
-cider
-margarine
-syrup
-jelly
-dressing

Coca Cola: used as a preservative and to protect taste.
Pepsico: in the carbonated soft drinks, such as in Diet Pepsi and Sierra Mist to preserve freshness.

Potassium benzoate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acids. These are organic Compounds containing a benzene ring which bears at least one carboxyl group.
Potassium benzoate is a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).

Applications
Potassium Benzoate is manufactured primarily for food and beverage use.
Potassium Benzoate is a chemical preservative, which in very low concentrations inhibits the activity of the microorganisms.
Potassium Benzoate is used in carbonated beverages. The shelf life of un-pasteurized cider can be greatly extended by adding potassium benzoate.
Potassium Benzoate is also used as the whistle in many fireworks.

Description
Potassium benzoate is the potassium salt of benzoate.
Potassium Benzoate is mostly used for food preservation for inhibiting the growth of mold, yeast and bacteria since it can create low pH condition after entering into the cells to suppress the anaerobic fermentation of glucose.
Potassium Benzoate can also be used in the whistle in many fireworks. In analytic chemistry, it can be used as eluents for ion chromatography to increase the detector response.

Chemical Properties
Potassium benzoate occurs as a slightly hygroscopic, white, odorless or nearly odorless crystalline powder or granules. Aqueous solutions are slightly alkaline and have a sweetish astringent taste.

Chemical Properties
Potassium benzoate ( E212 ) , the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria.
Potassium Benzoate works best in low-pH products, below 4.5, where it exists as benzoic acid.

Acidic foods and beverages such as fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbonic acid), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), and pickles (vinegar) may be preserved with potassium benzoate.
Potassium Benzoate is approved for use in most countries including Canada, the U.S., and the EU, where it is designated by the E number E212. In the EU, it is not recommended for consumption by children.

Uses
Pharmaceutic aid (preservative).

Production Methods
Potassium benzoate is prepared from the acid–base reaction between benzoic acid and potassium hydroxide.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Potassium benzoate is predominantly used as an antimicrobial preservative in a wide range of beverages, foods and some pharmaceutical formulations. Preservative efficacy increases with decreasing pH; it is most effective at pH 4.5 or below. However, at low pH undissociated benzoic acid may produce a slight though discernible taste in food products.
Increasingly, potassium benzoate is used as an alternative to sodium benzoate in applications where a low sodium content is desirable.
Therapeutically, potassium benzoate has also been used in the management of hypokalemia.

A white solid that is the potassium salt of benzoic acid.
Potassium benzoate inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria.
Uses: A food preservative in fruit juice, sparkling drinks, soft drinks, and pickles, and as the whistle sound in many fireworks.

Potassium benzoate is essentially a chemical preservative which is commonly added to soft drinks and other foods and beverages.
Potassium benzoate is used as an effective preservative since it thwarts the growth of certain bacteria, mold and yeast. In its liquefied state, it breaks up into its two distinct parts; the benzoate salt and the electrolyte potassium.
Potassium is tremendously essential for a number of biological processes; this includes the contraction of muscles associated with the heartbeat. As an essential mineral, potassium is required for the proper function of your cells, organs and tissues. In addition to calcium, magnesium and sodium, potassium serves as an electrolyte. This is due to its capacity to spread electrical pulses and signals throughout the nervous system. Apart from its significance in sustaining the right heart rhythm, potassium is required for smooth muscle contraction as well.
This is essential for the function and health of the digestive system.
The chemical formula of Potassium Benzoate is C7H5KO2. In its raw form, it looks like a white crystalline powder. However, some companies will supply a liquid form for use in the food industry.

Formulation or re-packing
Potassium benzoate is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, pH regulators and water treatment products and polymers.
Release to the environment of Potassium benzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Uses at industrial sites
Potassium benzoate is used in the following products: pharmaceuticals, polymers, oil and gas exploration or production products, coating products, explosives and inks and toners.
Potassium benzoate is used in the following areas: mining, printing and recorded media reproduction and building & construction work.
Potassium benzoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and pulp, paper and paper products.
Release to the environment of Potassium benzoate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as processing aid, in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.

Properties
Chemical formula: C7H5KO2
Molar mass: 160.213 g·mol−1
Appearance: White hygroscopic solid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.5 g/cm3
Melting point: >300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
Solubility in water:
69.87 g/100 mL (17.5 °C)
73.83 g/100 mL (25 °C)
79 g/100 mL (33.3 °C)
88.33 g/100 mL (50 °C)
Solubility in other solvents:
Soluble in ethanol
Slightly soluble in methanol
Insoluble in ether

In Other Industries
Potassium Benzoate E212 is widely used as additive in various other industries.
Potassium benzoate is the inactive salt of benzoic acid.
Potassium benzoate is soluble in water where it converts to benzoic acid, its active form, at a low pH. Benzoic acid is very pH dependent. While it shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 1.55%), it is most active at pH 3 (94%).

As benzoic acid, it is considered to be primarily an anti-fungal, but it shows some activity against bacteria.
Potassium benzoate is poor against pseudomonads.
Benzoic acid is inactivated by non-ionics and by raising the pH.

Potassium Benzoate Specification:
Item: Specification
Appearance: white granule or crystalline odorless powder
Purity (on dry base): ≥99.0%
Moisture: ≤1.5%
Acidity and Alkalinity: ≤0.2 ml
Water solution test: clear
Solution colour: Y6
Chlorides: ≤300 mg/Kg
Heavy metals (As Pb): ≤10 mg/Kg
Arsenic: ≤2 mg/Kg

Manufacture
Release to the environment of Potassium benzoate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

White, odorless or nearly odorless, granules or crystalline powder, soluble in water.
Potassium benzoate is an alternative to Potassium benzoate and is used as a food preservative, by preventing the growth of bacteria, yeast and fungi.
Potassium benzoate can be used in soft drinks, salad dressing, sauces, alcohol beverages and other condiments and snacks.

Potassium Benzoate is a white crystal or granular and is soluble in water.
Can be used as an alternative to Potassium benzoate.

Potassium benzoate is used as a preservative to prevent food from molding.
Potassium benzoate helps keep our products shelf-stable for at least two years from the date of purchase and is used in concentrations of less than 0.5% by volume.
While Potassium benzoate is considered safe, scientists have shown that negative side effects occur when it's mixed with ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Uses of Potassium benzoate
Food. In the food industry, Potassium benzoate is used to prevent spoilage from harmful bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
Potassium benzoate also helps maintain freshness in food by helping to slow or prevent changes in color, flavor, PH, and texture.
Other foods that commonly include Potassium benzoate include:
-Salad dressings
-Pickles
-Sauces
-Condiments
-Fruit juices
-Wines
-Snack foods
-Drink.

Personal care products.
Potassium benzoate can be used as an anti-corrosive and preservative in a large variety of personal care products such as:
-Mouthwash
-Hair products
-Sunscreen
-Moisturizers
-Serums
-Baby wipes

In Beverage
Potassium Benzoate E212 can be used as preservative in beverage such as in soft drinks, diet coke, sodas, condensed juice and other acidic drink to inhibit microbial.

In Health and Personal care
Potassium Benzoate E212 used in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products, such as in baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products, as well as hair, nail and skin care products.

In Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry
Potassium Benzoate E212 can be used as preservative in Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry feed.

IUPAC NAMES:
Benzoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)
Potassium benzoate
potassium benzoate
potassium benzoate
potassium;benzoate
POTASSIUM BENZOATE
benzoic acid potassium
PotassiumBenzoateC7H5KO2
Benzoicacidpotassiumsaltanhydrous
Kaliumbenzoat,wasserfrei
BENZOIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT
POTASSIUM BENZOATE REAGENT
POTASSIUMBENZOATE,CRYSTAL,REAGENT
POTASSIUMBENZOATE,FCC
POTASSIUMBENZOATE,NF
Kaliumbenzoat
Piatassium benzoate
Potassium Benzoate, Anhydrous
Potassium Benzoate (1 g)
PotassiuM benzoate, >=99.0% (NT)
POTASSIUM BENZOATE, REAGENTPOTASSIUM BENZOATE, REAGENTPOTASSIUM BENZOATE, REAGENTPOTASSIUM BENZOATE, REAGENT
Potassium benzoate Joyce
Potassium benzoate Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Benzoic acid, potassium salt (1:1)

cas no 868-14-4 Potassium hydrogen tartrate; [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-dihydroxy-Butanedioic acid, monopotassium salt; Cream; cream of tartar; L(+)-Potassium hydrogen tartrate; Monopotassium tartrate; Potassium acid tartrate; Potassium Hydrogentartrate; Tartaric acid, monopotassium salt;

SYNONYMS Potash; Salt of Tartar; Carbonic acid, Dipotassium salt; Potassium carbonate (2:1); Kaliumcarbonat; Pearl ash; CAS NO. 584-08-7

POTASSIUM CHLORATE Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate The structure of the ions in potassium chlorate The crystal structure of potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate crystals Names Other names Potassium chlorate(V), Potcrate Identifiers CAS Number 3811-04-9 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 18512 check ECHA InfoCard 100.021.173 EC Number 223-289-7 PubChem CID 6426889 RTECS number FO0350000 UNII H35KS68EE7 check UN number 1485 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID6047448 Properties Chemical formula KClO3 Molar mass 122.55 g mol−1 Appearance white crystals or powder Density 2.32 g/cm3 Melting point 356 °C (673 °F; 629 K) Boiling point 400 °C (752 °F; 673 K) decomposes[1] Solubility in water 3.13 g/100 mL (0 °C) 4.46 g/100 mL (10 °C) 8.15 g/100 mL (25 °C) 13.21 g/100 mL (40 °C) 53.51 g/100 mL (100 °C) 183 g/100 g (190 °C) 2930 g/100 g (330 °C)[2] Solubility soluble in glycerol negligible in acetone and liquid ammonia[1] Solubility in glycerol 1 g/100 g (20 °C)[1] Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −42.8·10−6 cm3/mol Refractive index (nD) 1.40835 Structure Crystal structure monoclinic Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C) 100.25 J/mol·K[1] Std molar entropy (So298) 142.97 J/mol·K[3][1] Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) −391.2 kJ/mol[3][1] Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚) -289.9 kJ/mol[1] Hazards Safety data sheet ICSC 0548 GHS pictograms GHS03: OxidizingGHS07: HarmfulGHS09: Environmental hazard[4] GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H271, H302, H332, H411[4] GHS precautionary statements P220, P273[4] NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 023OX Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose) 1870 mg/kg (oral, rat)[5] Related compounds Other anions Potassium bromate Potassium iodate Potassium nitrate Other cations Ammonium chlorate Sodium chlorate Barium chlorate Related compounds Potassium chloride Potassium hypochlorite Potassium chlorite Potassium perchlorate Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Potassium chlorate is a compound containing potassium, chlorine and oxygen, with the molecular formula KClO3. In its pure form, it is a white crystalline substance. It is the most common chlorate in industrial use. It is used, as an oxidizing agent, to prepare oxygen, as a disinfectant, in safety matches, in explosives and fireworks, in cultivation, forcing the blossoming stage of the longan tree, causing it to produce fruit in warmer climates.[6] Production On the industrial scale, potassium chlorate is produced by the Liebig process: passing chlorine into hot calcium hydroxide, subsequently adding potassium chloride:[7] 6 Ca(OH)2 + 6 Cl2 → Ca(ClO3)2 + 5 CaCl2 + 6 H2O Ca(ClO3)2 + 2 KCl → 2 KClO3 + CaCl2 The electrolysis of KCl in aqueous solution is also used sometimes, in which elemental chlorine formed at the anode react with KOH in situ. The low solubility of KClO3 in water causes the salt to conveniently isolate itself from the reaction mixture by simply precipitating out of solution. Potassium chlorate can be produced in small amounts by disproportionation in a sodium hypochlorite solution followed by metathesis reaction with potassium chloride:[8] 3 NaOCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(s) + NaClO3(aq) KCl(aq) + NaClO3(aq) → NaCl(aq) + KClO3(s) It can also be produced by passing chlorine gas into a hot solution of caustic potash:[9] 3 Cl2(g) + 6 KOH(aq) → KClO3(aq) + 5 KCl(aq) + 3 H2O(l) Uses Potassium chlorate burning sugar Potassium chlorate was one key ingredient in early firearms percussion caps (primers). It continues in that application, where not supplanted by potassium perchlorate. Chlorate-based propellants are more efficient than traditional gunpowder and are less susceptible to damage by water. However, they can be extremely unstable in the presence of sulfur or phosphorus and are much more expensive. Chlorate propellants must be used only in equipment designed for them; failure to follow this precaution is a common source of accidents. Potassium chlorate, often in combination with silver fulminate, is used in trick noise-makers known as "crackers", "snappers", "pop-its", or "bang-snaps", a popular type of novelty firework. Another application of potassium chlorate is as the oxidizer in a smoke composition such as that used in smoke grenades. Since 2005, a cartridge with potassium chlorate mixed with lactose and rosin is used for generating the white smoke signaling the election of new pope by a papal conclave.[10] Potassium chlorate is often used in high school and college laboratories to generate oxygen gas.[citation needed] It is a far cheaper source than a pressurized or cryogenic oxygen tank. Potassium chlorate readily decomposes if heated while in contact with a catalyst, typically manganese(IV) dioxide (MnO2). Thus, it may be simply placed in a test tube and heated over a burner. If the test tube is equipped with a one-holed stopper and hose, warm oxygen can be drawn off. The reaction is as follows: 2 KClO3(s) → 3 O2(g) + 2 KCl(s) Heating it in the absence of a catalyst converts it into potassium perchlorate:[9] 4 KClO3 → 3 KClO4 + KCl With further heating, potassium perchlorate decomposes to potassium chloride and oxygen: KClO4 → KCl + 2 O2 The safe performance of this reaction requires very pure reagents and careful temperature control. Molten potassium chlorate is an extremely powerful oxidizer and spontaneously reacts with many common materials such as sugar. Explosions have resulted from liquid chlorates spattering into the latex or PVC tubes of oxygen generators, as well as from contact between chlorates and hydrocarbon sealing greases. Impurities in potassium chlorate itself can also cause problems. When working with a new batch of potassium chlorate, it is advisable to take a small sample (~1 gram) and heat it strongly on an open glass plate. Contamination may cause this small quantity to explode, indicating that the chlorate should be discarded. Potassium chlorate is used in chemical oxygen generators (also called chlorate candles or oxygen candles), employed as oxygen-supply systems of e.g. aircraft, space stations, and submarines, and has been responsible for at least one plane crash. A fire on the space station Mir was also traced to this substance. The decomposition of potassium chlorate was also used to provide the oxygen supply for limelights. Potassium chlorate is used also as a pesticide. In Finland it was sold under trade name Fegabit. Potassium chlorate can react with sulfuric acid to form a highly reactive solution of chloric acid and potassium sulfate: 2 KClO3 + H2SO4 → 2 HClO3 + K2SO4 The solution so produced is sufficiently reactive that it spontaneously ignites if combustible material (sugar, paper, etc.) is present. In schools, molten potassium chlorate is used in the dramatic screaming jelly babies, Gummy bear, Haribo, and Trolli candy demonstration where the candy is dropped into the molten salt. In chemical labs it is used to oxidize HCl and release small amounts of gaseous chlorine. Insurgents in Afghanistan also use potassium chlorate extensively as a key component in the production of improvised explosive devices. When significant effort was made to reduce the availability of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in Afghanistan, IED makers started using potassium chlorate as a cheap and effective alternative. In 2013, 60% of IEDs in Afghanistan used potassium chlorate, making it the most common ingredient used in IEDs.[11] Potassium chlorate was also the main ingredient in the car bomb used in 2002 Bali bombings that killed 202 people. Safety Potassium chlorate should be handled with care. It reacts vigorously, and in some cases spontaneously ignites or explodes, when mixed with many combustible materials. It burns vigorously in combination with virtually any combustible material, even those normally only slightly flammable (including ordinary dust and lint). Mixtures of potassium chlorate and a fuel can ignite by contact with sulfuric acid, so it should be kept away from this reagent. Sulfur should be avoided in pyrotechnic compositions containing potassium chlorate, as these mixtures are prone to spontaneous deflagration. Most sulfur contains trace quantities of sulfur-containing acids, and these can cause spontaneous ignition - "Flowers of sulfur" or "sublimed sulfur", despite the overall high purity, contains significant amounts of sulfur acids. Also, mixtures of potassium chlorate with any compound with ignition promoting properties (ex. antimony(III) sulfide) are very dangerous to prepare, as they are extremely shock sensitive. Molecular Weight of Potassium chlorate 122.55 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Potassium chlorate 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Potassium chlorate 3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Potassium chlorate 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Potassium chlorate 121.917303 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Potassium chlorate 121.917303 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Potassium chlorate 57.2 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Potassium chlorate 5 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Potassium chlorate 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Potassium chlorate 49.8 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Potassium chlorate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Potassium chlorate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Potassium chlorate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Potassium chlorate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Potassium chlorate 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Potassium chlorate 2 Computed by PubChem Compound of Potassium chlorate Is Canonicalized Yes Physical Description Potassium chlorate appears as a white crystalline solid. Forms a very flammable mixture with combustible materials. Mixture may be explosive if combustible material is very finely divided. Mixture may be ignited by friction. Contact with strong sulfuric acid may cause fires or explosions. May spontaneously decompose and ignite when mixed with ammonium salts. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Used to make matches, paper, explosives, and many other uses. Potassium chlorate, aqueous solution appears as a colorless liquid. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals. Ignites organic materials upon contact Product Information CAS number of Product Information 3811-04-9 EC index number of Product Information 017-004-00-3 EC number of Product Information 223-289-7 Grade of Product Information ACS,Reag. Ph Eur Hill Formula of Product Information ClKO₃ Chemical formula of Product Information KClO₃ Molar Mass of Product Information 122.55 g/mol HS Code of Product Information 2829 19 00 3811-04-9 EC index number 017-004-00-3 EC number of Product Information 223-289-7 Grade of Product Information ACS,Reag. Ph Eur Hill Formula of Product Information ClKO₃ Chemical formula of Product Information KClO₃ Molar Mass of Product Information 122.55 g/mol Potassium chlorate (KClO3) is a strong oxidizing agent that has a wide variety of uses. It is or has been a component of explosives, fireworks, safety matches, and disinfectants. As a high school or college chemistry student, you may have used it to generate oxygen in the lab. Because it is a strong oxidizer, KClO3 must be kept from contacting organic matter; reduced inorganic materials such as elemental sulfur, phosphorus; and iodine; and concentrated acids. The use of KClO3 in matches dates back to 1826, when English chemist John Walker combined it with antimony(III) sulfide, gum, and starch. When formed into matches, the mixture sometimes (but not always) ignited when struck on sandpaper. Later on, white phosphorus replaced antimony sulfide to make matches more reliable. Eventually, the toxic white phosphorus was superseded by the red allotrope. Modern safety matches contain no phosphorus; but red phosphorus is embedded in the rough surfaces of matchboxes. Upon striking, the phosphorus ignites, liberating oxygen from the match’s KClO3, which in turn ignites combustible substances (e.g., sulfur) in the matchhead.

CAS NO:7447-40-7
EC NO:231-211-8
E number:E508

Potassium is a mineral that is found in many foods and is needed for several functions of your body, especially the beating of your heart.
Potassium chloride is used to prevent or to treat low blood levels of potassium (hypokalemia).
Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine.
Potassium chloride is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance.
The solid dissolves readily in water, and Potassium chlorides solutions have a salt-like taste.

Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits.
KCl is used as a fertilizer, in medicine, in scientific applications, and in food processing, where Potassium chloride may be known as E number additive E508.
Potassium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.
The majority of the potassium chloride produced is used for making fertilizer, called potash, since the growth of many plants is limited by potassium availability.
Potassium chloride sold as fertilizer is known as muriate of potash (MOP).
The vast majority of potash fertilizer worldwide is sold as MOP.

Medical use of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Main article: Potassium chloride (medical use)
Potassium is vital in the human body, and potassium chloride by mouth is the common means to treat low blood potassium, although Potassium chloride can also be given intravenously.
Potassium chloride is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Overdose causes hyperkalemia which can disrupt cell signaling to the extent that the heart will stop, reversibly in the case of some open heart surgeries.

Culinary use of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Potassium chloride can be used as a salt substitute for food, but due to Potassium chlorides weak, bitter, unsalty flavor, Potassium chloride is often mixed with ordinary table salt (sodium chloride) to improve the taste to form low sodium salt.
The addition of 1 ppm of thaumatin considerably reduces this bitterness.
Complaints of bitterness or a chemical or metallic taste are also reported with potassium chloride used in food.

Industrial
As a chemical feedstock, Potassium chloride is used for the manufacture of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal.
Potassium chloride is also used in medicine, lethal injections, scientific applications, food processing, soaps, and as a sodium-free substitute for table salt for people concerned about the health effects of sodium.

Potassium chloride is used as a supplement in animal feed to boost the potassium level in the feed.
As an added benefit, Potassium chloride is known to increase milk production.

Potassium chloride is sometimes used in solution as a completion fluid in petroleum and natural gas operations, as well as being an alternative to sodium chloride in household water softener units.

Glass manufacturers use granular potash as a flux, lowering the temperature at which a mixture melts.
Because potash imparts excellent clarity to glass, Potassium chloride is commonly used in eyeglasses, glassware, televisions, and computer monitors.


Potassium chloride is useful as a beta radiation source for calibration of radiation monitoring equipment, because natural potassium contains 0.0118% of the isotope 40K.
One kilogram of Potassium chloride yields 16350 becquerels of radiation, consisting of 89.28% beta and 10.72% gamma, with 1.46083 MeV.
In order to use off-the-shelf materials, Potassium chloride needs to be crystallized sequentially, using controlled temperature, in order to extract Potassium chloride, which is the subject of ongoing research.
Potassium chloride also emits a relatively low level of 511 keV gamma rays from positron annihilation, which can be used to calibrate medical scanners.


Potassium chloride is used in some de-icing products designed to be safer for pets and plants, though these are inferior in melting quality to calcium chloride [lowest usable temperature 12 °F (−11 °C) v. −25 °F (−32 °C)]. It is also used in various brands of bottled water.
Potassium chloride was once used as a fire extinguishing agent, used in portable and wheeled fire extinguishers.
Known as Super-K dry chemical, it was more effective than sodium bicarbonate-based dry chemicals and was compatible with protein foam.
This agent fell out of favor with the introduction of potassium bicarbonate (Purple-K) dry chemical in the late 1960s, which was much less corrosive, as well as more effective.
Potassium chloride is rated for B and C fires.

Along with sodium chloride and lithium chloride, potassium chloride is used as a flux for the gas welding of aluminium.

Potassium chloride is also an optical crystal with a wide transmission range from 210 nm to 20 µm. While cheap, KCl crystals are hygroscopic.
This limits Potassium chlorides application to protected environments or short-term uses such as prototyping. Exposed to free air, KCl optics will "rot".
Whereas KCl components were formerly used for infrared optics, Potassium chloride has been entirely replaced by much tougher crystals such as zinc selenide.

Chemical properties
Solubility
Potassium chloride is soluble in a variety of polar solvents.

Solutions of Potassium chloride are common standards, for example for calibration of the electrical conductivity of (ionic) solutions, since KCl solutions are stable, allowing for reproducible measurements.
In aqueous solution, Potassium chloride is essentially fully ionized into solvated K+ and Cl– ions.

Redox and the conversion to potassium metal
Although potassium is more electropositive than sodium, KCl can be reduced to the metal by reaction with metallic sodium at 850 °C because the more volatile potassium can be removed by distillation (see Le Chatelier's principle):

KCl(l) + Na(l) ⇌ NaCl(l) + K(g)
This method is the main method for producing metallic potassium.
Electrolysis (used for sodium) fails because of the high solubility of potassium in molten KCl.

Physical properties
Potassium chloride adopts a face-centered cubic structure.
Potassium chlorides lattice constant is roughly 6.3 Å. Crystals cleave easily in three directions.

Some other properties are
Transmission range: 210 nm to 20 µm
Transmittivity = 92% at 450 nm and rises linearly to 94% at 16 µm
Refractive index = 1.456 at 10 µm
Reflection loss = 6.8% at 10 µm (two surfaces)
dN/dT (expansion coefficient)= −33.2×10−6/°C
dL/dT (refractive index gradient)= 40×10−6/°C
Thermal conductivity = 0.036 W/(cm·K)
Damage threshold (Newman and Novak): 4 GW/cm2 or 2 J/cm2 (0.5 or 1 ns pulse rate); 4.2 J/cm2 (1.7 ns pulse rate Kovalev and Faizullov)
As with other compounds containing potassium, KCl in powdered form gives a lilac flame.

Potassium chloride is extracted from minerals sylvite, carnallite, and potash.
Potassium chloride is also extracted from salt water and can be manufactured by crystallization from solution, flotation or electrostatic separation from suitable minerals.
Potassium chloride is a by-product of the production of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and hydrochloric acid.

The vast majority of potassium chloride is produced as agricultural and industrial grade potash in Saskatchewan, Canada, as well as Russia and Belarus.
Saskatchewan alone accounted for over 25% of the world's potash production in 2017.

Laboratory methods
Potassium chloride is inexpensively available and is rarely prepared intentionally in the laboratory.
Potassium chloride can be generated by treating potassium hydroxide (or other potassium bases) with hydrochloric acid:

KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O
This conversion is an acid-base neutralization reaction. The resulting salt can then be purified by recrystallization.
Another method would be to allow potassium to burn in the presence of chlorine gas, also a very exothermic reaction:
2 K + Cl2 → 2 KCl


Properties
Chemical formula KCl
Molar mass 74.555 g·mol−1
Appearance white crystalline solid
Odor odorless
Density 1.984 g/cm3
Melting point 770 °C (1,420 °F; 1,040 K)
Boiling point 1,420 °C (2,590 °F; 1,690 K)
Solubility in water
277.7 g/L (0 °C)
339.7 g/L (20 °C)
540.2 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility Soluble in glycerol, alkalies
Slightly soluble in alcohol Insoluble in ether
Solubility in ethanol 0.00288 g/L (25 °C)
Acidity (pKa) ~7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −39.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.4902 (589 nm)

Potassium Chloride is a metal halide composed of potassium and chloride.
Potassium maintains intracellular tonicity, is required for nerve conduction, cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, production of energy, the synthesis of nucleic acids, maintenance of blood pressure and normal renal function.
This agent has potential antihypertensive effects and when taken as a nutritional supplement may prevent hypokalemia.
Potassium chloride appears as white colorless cubic crystals.
Strong saline taste.
Potassium chloride is a metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.
Potassium chloride has a role as a fertilizer.
Potassium chloride is a potassium salt and an inorganic chloride.

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
Information on 264 consumer products that contain Potassium chloride in the following categories is provided:
• Auto Products
• Inside the Home
• Landscaping/Yard
• Personal Care
• Pesticides
• Pet Care

Industry Uses of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Intermediates
Laboratory chemicals
Metal Feed Material
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production

Consumer Uses of POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
Air care products
Anti-freeze and de-icing products
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Electrical and electronic products
Food processing
Laboratory Use
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Non-TSCA use
Paints and coatings
Paper products
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Industry Processing Sectors
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
Fabricated metal product manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
Primary metal manufacturing
Services

CAS number 7447-40-7
EC number 231-211-8
Grade ACS,ISO,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula ClK
Chemical formula KCl
Molar Mass 74.56 g/mol

Boiling point 1413 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.98 g/cm3 (20.0 °C)
Melting Point 770 °C
pH value 5.5 - 8.5 (50.0 g/l, H₂O, 20.0 °C)
Bulk density 1000 kg/m3
Solubility 347 g/l

What is potassium chloride, and how does Potassium chloride work (mechanism of action)?
Potassium preparations are used for supplementing potassium in order to treat or prevent low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalemia).
Potassium is a major mineral (electrolyte) that is important for the function of every cell in the body.
For example, Potassium chloride is important in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and kidney function.
Normal daily dietary intake of potassium is 40-150 mEq. Potassium deficiency occurs when potassium loss exceeds intake.
Potassium depletion may be caused by excessive vomiting or diarrhea, diabetic ketoacidosis, diuretics (for example, furosemide [Lasix]), starvation, and rare disorders of the adrenal glands.

Potassium chloride is a medicine used to prevent or treat low potassium levels in the body.
Potassium is a mineral that your body needs for proper functioning of the heart, muscles, kidneys, nerves, and digestive system.
Certain diseases, illnesses, and drugs can remove potassium from the body.
Potassium chloride works by replacing lost potassium and preventing a deficiency.

Foods with potassium chloride
According to Caroline West Passerrello, MS, RDN, LDN, a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, potassium chloride can be found not only in salt substitutes, but also in these foods:

snack bars
soups
potato chips
cereals
frozen entrees


What is potassium chloride?
Answer: Potassium chloride is a common, naturally occurring mineral.
Potassium chloride is typically extracted from the ground via solution potash mining; that is, water is injected into the ground where potassium chloride deposits exist, the water dissolves the potassium chloride and the saturated brine is pumped back to the surface and the water is evaporated leaving the potassium chloride behind.
Potassium chloride may also be extracted from the sea, in a similar process that is used to produce some sea salts.
Potassium chloride is one of the minerals present in sea water that can be extracted through traditional solar evaporation.


Is potassium chloride safe to eat?
Answer: Yes. Potassium chloride has been affirmed as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a multipurpose ingredient in foods with no limitation other than current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), which means food manufacturers can use it at levels necessary to achieve its intended technological effect in a food product.


Is potassium chloride harmful to me?
Answer: The safety of oral consumption of potassium chloride is supported by its long history of use in foods, and its regulatory acceptance for food use in the U.S. and by numerous international scientific bodies and regulatory authorities.
The acceptable daily intake (ADI) for chloride salts (including potassium chloride) is “not limited,” which is indicative of their very low toxicity to humans.


What is potassium chloride used for in food?
Answer: According to the GRAS-affirmed uses of potassium chloride, it is used as a flavor enhancer, flavoring agent, nutrient supplement, pH control agent, and stabilizer or thickener.
However, potassium chloride is used for two main purposes in food products.
The first is to provide potassium enrichment to foods.
The second is as a salt replacer to reduce the sodium content in foods.
Like salt (aka sodium chloride), potassium chloride provides a salty flavor and can also often play other functional roles (e.g. microbial management, protein modification, flavor enhancement) that impacts the taste, texture, and shelf life of food products.


What are some food products that contain potassium chloride?
Answer: Potassium chloride is widely used as a salt replacer or to provide potassium enrichment in many different food products including:


Baby formulas
Cereals
Frozen entrees
Meats
Snack foods, such as chips or crisps
Sports/electrolyte drinks
Soups
Sauces
Snack/meal bars

What are other non-food uses of potassium chloride?
Answer: By far the largest use for potassium chloride is as a fertilizer.
Like humans and many other living organisms, plants also need potassium to flourish. Fertilizer/industrial grade potassium chloride is commonly referred to as potash.
Potassium chloride is also used in the pharmaceutical industry in dialysis fluids, among other things.
Potassium chloride in dialysis fluid helps keep the body’s electrolytes in balance.

Is there another way to reduce salt/sodium without using potassium chloride?
Answer: For home cooking, one could use herbs and seasonings to provide flavor to foods.
For commercially prepared items, flavors and herbs may provide or enhance the taste of foods; but, a food manufacturer would still need to consider the other basic functional roles of salt (e.g., texture, microbial management) in the food product.
Depending on the functional role, one may be able use other non-sodium substitutes, e.g. magnesium chloride and calcium chloride; however, they can sometimes create “off” flavors.


Agricultural use POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Potassium chloride is the most widely applied K fertilizer because of its relatively low cost and because it includes more K than most other sources: 50 to 52 percent K (60 to 63 percent K₂O) and 45 to 47 percent Cl⁻.
More than 90 percent of global potash production goes into plant nutrition.
Farmers spread KCL onto the soil surface prior to tillage and planting.
Potassium chloride may also be applied in a concentrated band near the seed. Since dissolving fertilizer will increase the soluble salt concentration, banded KCl is placed to the side of the seed to avoid damaging the germinating plant.
Potassium chloride rapidly dissolves in soil water.
The K⁺ will be retained on the negatively charged cation exchange sites of clay and organic matter.
The Cl⁻ portion will readily move with the water.

An especially pure grade of KCl can be dissolved for fluid fertilizers or applied through irrigation systems.
Potassium chloride is found in various shades and particle sizes.
Potassium chloride is primarily used as a source of K nutrition.
However, there are regions where plants respond favorably to application of Cl⁻.
Potassium chloride is usually the preferred material to meet this need.
There are no significant impacts on water or air associated with normal application rates of KCl.
Elevated salt concentrations surrounding the dissolving fertilizer may be the most important factor to consider.


Non-agricultural use POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Potassium is essential for human and animal health.

Potassium chloride can be used as a salt substitute for individuals on a restricted salt (sodium chloride) diet.
Potassium chloride is used as a deicing agent and has a fertilizing value after the ice melts.
Potassium chloride is also used in water softeners to replace calcium in water.
Production

Deeply buried potash deposits exist throughout the world.
The dominant mineral is sylvite mixed with halite (sodium chloride), which forms a mixed mineral called sylvinite.
Most K minerals are harvested from ancient marine deposits deep beneath the Earth’s surface.
They are then transported to a processing facility where the ore is crushed and the K salts are separated from the sodium salts.
The color of Potassium chloride can vary from red to white, depending on the source of the sylvinite ore.
The reddish tint comes from trace amounts of iron oxide.
There are no agronomic differences between the red and white forms of Potassium chloride.

Some Potassium chloride is produced by injecting hot water deep into the ground to dissolve the soluble sylvinite mineral and then pumping the brine back to the surface, where the water evaporates.
Solar evaporation is used to recover valuable potash salts from brine water in Utah’s Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake, for example.

Potassium chloride is the most widely used potassium source worldwide, and due to its continuous use, the accumulation of its salts in the soil and in plants is becoming more common.
Excess available ions can cause a series of physiological disturbances in organisms and can become a biocide in the soil.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of KCl and banana crop residues on soil chloride content, microbial activity, and soil ammonification.

About this substance
Helpful information
Potassium chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Potassium chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Potassium chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.
Potassium chloride to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Article service life
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
This substance can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Potassium chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products and fertilisers.
Potassium chloride is used in the following areas: scientific research and development, health services and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Potassium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.
Potassium chloride to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation or re-packing
Potassium chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and paper chemicals and dyes.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Uses at industrial sites
Potassium chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, fertilisers and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Potassium chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Potassium chloride is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, health services and scientific research and development.
Potassium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, manufacturing of the substance, in the production of articles and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

IUPAC names
Kelp salt
Kelp salt , muriate of potash
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Potassium Chloride
Potassium chloride
potassium chloride
Potassium chloride
potassium chloride
potassium cloride
potassium; chloride
potassium;chloride
Reaction mass of potassium and chlorine
Reaction mass of potassium chloride and sodium chloride EC: 913-353-9

Potassium Chloride (Klor-Con M, K-Tab, Klor-Con, Micro-K) is a potassium supplement used to prevent and to treat low potassium.
Potassium is important for the heart, muscles, and nerves. Too much or too little potassium in the body can cause serious problems.
Potassium chloride is more popular than comparable drugs.

Empirical formula KCl
Molar mass (M) 74,56 g/mol
Density (D) 1,98 g/cm³
Boiling point (bp) 1413 °C
Melting point (mp) 773 °C

Preparation of Potassium Chloride
Potassium chloride can be directly extracted from some minerals such as carnallite, sylvite, and potash.
This compound can also be extracted from seawater.Potassium chloride is produced as a by-product during the synthesis of nitric acid from hydrochloric acid and potassium nitrate.

In the laboratory,Potassium chloride can be prepared by reacting bases of potassium (such as potassium hydroxide) with hydrochloric acid.
The ensuing acid-base neutralization reaction will yield water and potassium chloride as the products.


Properties of Potassium Chloride
In the solid-state,Potassium chloride is readily soluble in many polar solvents, including water.
The salt is ionized into the K+ cation and the Cl– anions in these polar solvents.
Some other physical and chemical properties of potassium chloride are discussed in this subsection.

Physical Properties
The crystals of potassium chloride are made up of face-centred cubic (FCC) unit cells.
The molar mass of KCl is 74.5513 grams/mol.
Potassium chlorides density in the solid, crystalline form is 1.984 grams per cubic centimetre.
The melting and boiling points of potassium chloride are 1040 K and 1690 K respectively.
At 0oC, 20oC, and 100oC, the solubility of KCl in water corresponds to 217.1 g/L, 253.9 g/L, and 360.5 g/L respectively.
Potassium chloride is highly soluble in alcohols but not soluble in ether (organic compounds with the formula R-O-R’).

Chemical Properties
Since potassium chloride is completely ionized into K+ and Cl– ions in water, the resulting aqueous solution exhibit high values of electrical conductivity.
The reduction of potassium chloride into metallic can be achieved with the help of metallic sodium, despite the lower electropositivity of sodium when compared to potassium.
Potassium chloride is achieved by heating the KCl with metallic sodium to a temperature of 850 o
The chemical equation for this reaction is: KCl + Na ⇌ NaCl + K
Potassium chloride can be noted that when the solid form of potassium chloride is subjected to a flame test, it burns with a pale violet or a lilac-coloured flame, as is the case with most other potassium-containing compounds.

Uses of Potassium Chloride
Potassium chloride has a wide range of medical and industrial applications.
Potassium chloride is also an integral part of fertilizer production.

Potassium chloride is used in the manufacture of potash, an important form of fertilizer that enriches soils with potassium which promotes the growth of plant life.
Potassium availability is usually the key inhibitor for plant growth.
Potassium chloride, acting as a source of potassium, can increase the availability of potassium in the soil.
The potash fertilizers made from KCl (called Muriate of Potash, or MOP) make up the majority of potash fertilizers sold worldwide.
The medical treatment of low blood pressure commonly employs potassium chloride as a part of the medication.

Potassium chloride is used as a salt substitute in food where a low concentration of sodium in the salt is desired in order to reduce the risk of high blood pressure.
Potassium chloride is one of the important raw materials required in the manufacture of potassium metal.
The metal halide salt Potassium chloride is also used in the manufacture of soaps. Water softening units can involve the use of potassium chloride as an alternative to sodium chloride as well.
The use of potassium chloride as a source of beta radiation is extremely useful in calibrating radiation monitoring equipment.
The flux required in the oxy-fuel welding of aluminium consists of potassium chloride along with the chloride salts of lithium and sodium.

Potassium chloride has the potential to be used as a fire extinguishing agent was initially used in portable and wheeled fire extinguishers.
Potassium chloride was referred to as the Super-K dry chemical and was known to be more effective when compared to sodium bicarbonate-based dry chemicals for this purpose.
Furthermore, potassium chloride is known to be compatible with protein foam.
However, the use of potassium chloride for this purpose gradually reduced with the introduction of potassium bicarbonate (also referred to as Purple-K) dry chemical towards the end of the 1960s.
Purple-K was found to be far less corrosive (and more effective) than potassium chloride for this purpose.

Potassium chloride (KCI) is a white crystal or crystalline powder metal halide salt composed of potassium and chloride.
The solid odorless, white, or colorless vitreous crystals readily dissolve in water.
Potassium chlorides solutions have a salt-like taste.
The non-combustible compound is used in the manufacture of buffers, fertilizers, and explosives as well as in medicine, food processing, and scientific applications.

DESCRIPTION
Potassium chloride is a metal halide salt with the molecular formula KCI or CIK.
Potassium chlorides CAS is 7447-40-7. The white, colorless crystals are soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.


Industrial uses of Potassium chloride include:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Intermediates
Laboratory chemicals
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Consumer uses include:

Agricultural Products (non-pesticidal)
Anti-Freeze and De-icing Products
Building/Construction Materials not covered elsewhere
Electrical and Electronic Products
Metal Products not covered elsewhere
Paints and Coatings
Water Treatment Products

Potassium chloride is produced in quantity from mined potash ores and from salt-containing surface waters.
The chemical is extracted from minerals sylvite, carnallite, and potash.
Potassium chloride is a by-product of nitric acid production from potassium nitrate and hydrochloric acid.

Potassium chloride (poe-TAS-ee-yum KLOR-ide) occurs as a white or colorless crystalline solid or powder.
Potassium chloride is odorless, but has a strong saline (salty) taste.
Potassium chloride occurs naturally in the minerals sylvite, carnallite, kainite, and sylvinite.
Potassium chloride also occurs in sea water at a concentration of about 0.076 percent (grams per milliliter of solution).
Potassium chloride is the most abundant compound of the element potassium and has the greatest number of applications of any salt of potassium.

By far the most important application of potassium chloride is in the manufacture of fertilizers.
Potassium chloride and sodium chloride is a combination mineral supplement that may be helpful in reducing tiredness, muscle cramps, or heat prostration that can occur when you sweat more than usual.
This product is often used for outdoor recreational activities performed in high heat, or indoors anywhere high temperatures can cause you to become overheated.
Potassium Chloride is an excellent water soluble crystalline Potassium source for uses compatible with chlorides..

Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water.
Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal.
They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation.
Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared.
The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems.
They can form either inorganic or organic compounds.

Potassium Chloride is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a water-soluble metal salt that comprises of potassium and chlorine.
Potassium chloride can be extracted from minerals and salt water.
KCl can be used in industries such as cosmetics, food, biomedical, chemical and fertilizer.

Application
May be used for the preparation of phosphate buffered saline, and for the extraction and solubilization of proteins.

Potassium chloride naturally occurs as a white or colorless solid that has a powdery, crystalline appearance.
Potassium chlorides chemical formula is KCl, consists of one potassium (K) atom and one chlorine (Cl) atom.
An ionic compound is made of a metal element and a nonmetal element.
In potassium chloride, the metal element is potassium (K) and the nonmetal element is chlorine (Cl), so we can say that KCl is an ionic compound.
Imagine what happens when a potassium (K) atom meets a chlorine (Cl) atom.
The K atom will lose one electron and acquire a positive charge, so it will become a positive ion with a charge of +1, written as K+.
The Cl atom will gain an electron and acquire a negative charge, so it's going to become a negative ion with a charge of -1, written as Cl-.

Potassium chloride is a salt consisting of a positive ion (K+) and negative ion (Cl-).
Here, we can see that KCl consists of a positive ion (K+) and a negative ion (Cl-). Salts are ionic compounds consisting of positive and negative ions.
Because potassium chloride has ions of opposite charges, potassium chloride is classified as a salt.

Uses of Potassium Chloride
Potassium chloride has so many uses in different areas even though it tends to go unnoticed by most people! Let's take a look at some common uses of potassium chloride.

Do you have a flower garden or a vegetable garden that you maintain?
If you do, then you've probably gone to the store to buy fertilizer.
Some plants need potassium to grow. Muriate of Potash (MOP) is a type of fertilizer that's made of potassium chloride (KCl).
Potassium chloride's got around 50% potassium (K) and 46% of chlorine (Cl).

Potassium chloride is used as a fertilizer.
But what makes potassium chloride a good fertilizer?
Potassium chloride's the potassium! Potassium can be really helpful in plant growth and reproduction.
This type of fertilizer is also great for soil that has low chlorine (Cl) content.
By having just the right amount of chlorine content in the soil, the crops will be resistant to disease.

Potassium chloride can also be used as a treatment for hypokalemia.
In order for the cells in our body to function properly, our blood needs to have normal potassium levels.
There are people who suffer from potassium deficiency in the blood, a condition known as hypokalemia.
To treat this condition, potassium chloride pills are taken to balance the blood's potassium levels to a normal amount.

Potassium chloride can also be used as a food additive.
If you've ever looked at the ingredients of many foods we eat, you've probably seen potassium chloride make an appearance.
In some foods like soups, sauces, cereal, and sports drinks, Potassium chloride's used instead of salt to provide our bodies with potassium.
Potassium chloride's also used as a firming agent to give a good and consistent texture to food and to strengthen its structure.
Potassium chloride's even used as a flavor enhancer in chocolate milk, cheese, and cream.

Features
Prepared from analytical grade reagent
Convenient sealed pouches
Dissolve and use in minutes
Reproducibility from lot to lot

Product description
Potassium chloride, KCl, is generally used in laboratory routines.
Potassium chlorides use as a storage buffer for pH electrodes and as a reference solution for conductivity measurements is well established.

Applications
Multi-purpose routine laboratory reagent
Storage buffer for pH electrodes
Reference solution for conductivity


What is Potassium Chloride (KCL)?
Potassium chloride is just one of the chemical compounds.
The element potassium chloride is formed by the reaction of the element potassium and the element chlorine.
Potassium chloride has the formula KCI.
Potassium chloride is a chemical compound consisting of white crystals.
Potassium chloride is a chemical compound that is completely odorless in its pure form.
Potassium chloride boils at 1420 degrees and starts to melt at 770 degrees.


What Is Potassium Chloride (KCL) Used For?
Potassium chloride is among the most important elements for human health.
Potassium chloride is extremely important for the formation of a healthy nervous system.
Potassium fluorides also directly affect muscle health.
Potassium chloride provides the function of the muscles. Potassium chloride is also used to maintain the pH of body fluids.
Potassium chloride element is also used in electrolysis.
This element is also used in food production and fertilizer production.
Another area where potassium chloride is used is drilling activities.
Potassium chloride is preferred for drilling mud in drilling.


Definition and Usage Areas:
Potassium Chloride is a chemical compound consisting of potassium chloride, a combination of the elements potassium and chlorine.
In chemistry, Potassium chlorides symbol is shown as KCl.
The pure state of this element, which consists of white crystals, is odorless.
Potassium chloride, a salt, has a high solubility in water.
Potassium chloride is an essential element for the human body.
Proper distribution of the pH of all body fluids and a healthy nervous system ensure muscle function.
Low chloride levels cause alkalinization of body fluids and potassium deficiency in the urine.
Potassium Chloride is taken from the outside in case of potassium deficiency that occurs when potassium is thrown out of the body or potassium is not taken under normal conditions.
In this way, there are potassium chloride drugs in ampoule form on the market.
Some diseases that cause potassium loss are diarrhea, vomiting, gastrointestinal fistulas, primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism, chronic protein degradation.
Potassium chlorides symptoms are severe muscle weakness, tachycardia, hyporeflexia, and rapid and rapid breathing.


Usage areas POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Drilling Potassium chloride is used as a stabilizer in water-based mud drilling-drilling.
Potassium chloride can also be used in oil production.
In electrolysis coating In acid baths, when high voltage is provided with potassium chloride, more coating can be done in less time.
Potassium chloride is used together with sulfonic acids in azo/textile dyes.
Heat treatment For materials that cannot be surface treated by soldering/sandblasting, in heat treatment processes (especially aluminum sheets)

Surface treatment, galvanization, casting, melting are used in metallurgy.
In addition, aluminum wastes are melted using potassium chloride and sodium chloride (salt), so that unnecessary waste is removed in it.
Aluminum waste becomes high quality as a result.
In Water Softening, Potassium Chloride is used to remove calcium and magnesium ions that cause water hardness from water.
Potassium chloride is also used in the fields of Food and Fertilizer.


SYNONYMS:
14336-88-0
231-211-8
7447-40-7
Chlorid draselny
Chlorure de potassium
Cloruro potásico
Hydrochloric acid potassium salt (1:1)
Kaliumchlorid
Potassium chloride
Sylvite (KCl)
Chloropotassuril diffu-K
Duffi-K
Kaleorod
Kalium S.R.
Kalium-duriles

Potassium Chloride is a metal halide salt that is used in a variety of areas.
The dominant application of Potassium Chloride is to serve as a fertilizer, which offers potassium to plants and prevents them from certain diseases.
Besides, Potassium Chloride can be applied in food and medical industry.

CAS: 7447-40-7
MF: ClK
MW: 74.55
EINECS: 231-211-8

As a treatment for hypokalemia, potassium chloride pills are taken to balance the blood's potassium levels and prevent potassium deficiency in the blood.
In food industry, Potassium Chloride serves as a electrolyte replenisher and a good salt substitute for food, as well as a firming agent to give consistent texture to food, thus to strengthen its structure.
Potassium Chloride is a metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.
Potassium Chloride has a role as a fertilizer.
Potassium Chloride is a potassium salt, an inorganic chloride and an inorganic potassium salt.
Potassium Chloride is a water-soluble metal salt that comprises of potassium and chlorine.
Potassium Chloride can be extracted from minerals and salt water.
Potassium Chloride can be used in industries such as cosmetics, food, biomedical, chemical and fertilizer.
Potassium chloride has been used for many years to correct potassium deficiency.
The use of fast-acting tablets has been associated with lesions of the gastro-intestinal mucosa, which have led to their general withdrawal.

Potassium chloride Chemical Properties
Melting point: 770 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1420°C
Density: 1.98 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.334
Fp: 1500°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: soluble
Form: random crystals
Color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.984
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 7
PH: 5.5-8.0 (20℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Water Solubility: 340 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,7621
Sublimation: 1500 ºC
BRN: 1711999
BCS Class: 1
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Protect from moisture. Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
CAS DataBase Reference: 7447-40-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Potassium chloride(7447-40-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium chloride (7447-40-7)

Potassium chloride, KCI, also known as potassium muriate and sylvite, is a colorless crystalline solid with a salty taste that melts at 776°C (1420 OF).
Potassium Chloride is soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol.
Potassium chloride is used in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, photography, and as a salt substitute.
Potassium chloride occurs as odorless, colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder, with an unpleasant, saline taste.

The crystal lattice is a face-centered cubic structure.
Potassium chloride occurs naturally as the mineralsylvite (KCl) and as carnallite(KCl·MgCl2·6H2O); Potassium Chloride is produced industriallyby fractional crystallizationof these deposits or of solutions fromlake brines.
Potassium Chloride has the interesting property of being more soluble than sodium chloride in hot water but less soluble in cold.
Potassium Chloride has low toxicity.

Uses
Potassium Chloride is used in drug preparations and as a food additive and chemical reagent.
Potassium Chloride is possible to reduce the sodium in your diet by substituting potassium chloride for table salt (sodium chloride), which may be healthier.
Molten potassium chloride is also used in the electrolytic production of metallic potassium.
Potassium Chloride is also found in seawater brine and can be extracted from the mineral carnallite.
About 4-5% of potash production is used in industrial applications.

In 1996, the world supply of industrial grade potash was close to 1.35 Mt K2O.
Potassium Chloride is 98-99% pure, compared with the agricultural potash specification of 60% K2O minimum (equivalent to 95% KCl).
Industrial potash should contain at least 62% K2O and have very low levels of Na, Mg, Ca, SO4 and Br.
This high-grade potash is produced by only a few producers in worldwide.

Potassium Chloride, also known as caustic potash, is the largestvolume K product for non-fertilizer use.
Potassium Chloride is produced by the electrolysis of industrial KCl and is widely used for manufacturing soaps, detergents, grease, catalysts, synthetic rubber, matches, dyes and insecticides.
Potassium Chlorideh is also as a liquid fertilizer and as an ingredient in alkaline batteries and photographic film processing chemicals.
Potassium Chloride is a raw material in the production of various K salts, mainly K carbonates, and also citrates, silicates, acetates, etc.
Potassium carbonate confers excellent clarity to glass thus is used for most fine optical lenses, eyeglasses, fine crystal, glassware, chinaware and TV tubes.

Potassium Chloride is used largely in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Potash-derived compounds and salts are also used in the production of metal fluxes, cured meats, tempered steel, paper fumigants, case hardened steel, bleaching agents, baking powder, cream of tartar and beverages.
Worldwide, industrial Potassium Chloride is estimated to be used as follows: detergents and soaps, 30-35%; glass and ceramics, 25-28%; textiles and dyes 20-22%; chemicals and drugs, 13-15%; and other uses, 7-5% (UNIDO-IFDC, 1998).

Potassium Chloride, commonly referred to as muriate of potash, is the most common source of potash (K2O), and accounts for about 95 % of world potash production.
Virtually all (90 %) commercial potash is extracted from natural sources of potassium salt deposits occurring in thin beds in large salt basins formed by the evaporation of ancient seas.
Present-day salt lakes and natural brines represent about 10 % of total recoverable potash.
Extraction is followed by milling, washing, screening, flotation, crystallization, refining and drying.
More than 90 % of the total Potassium Chloride consumption is used for fertilizer production.
Production of potassium hydroxide accounts for more than 90 % of the non-fertilizer or industrial use of Potassium Chloride.
Potassium Chloride is also used in the production of some agricultural-grade liquid fertilizers.

uses of KCl include:
Potassium Chloride is inorganic salt used for making fertilizers, since the growth of many plants is limited by their potassium intake.
Potassium in plants is important for the osmotic and ionic regulation, plays a key role in the water homeostasis and is closely connected with processes involved in the protein synthesis.
In buffer solutions, electrode cells.
Potassium chloride may be used for the preparation of phosphate buffered saline, and for the extraction and solubilization of proteins.
Used in buffer solutions, medicine, scientific applications, and food processing.
Used in nutritent; gelling agent; salt substitute; yeast food.
food/foodstuff additives: Potassium Chloride is used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement food additive.
Potassium Chloride also serves as a potassium supplement of animal feed.

pharmaceutical products: Potassium Chloride is an important therapeutic agent, which is used mainly in the treatment of hypokalemia and associated conditions.
Potassium Chloride is a potentially fatal condition in which the body fails to retain sufficient potassium to maintain health.
laboratory chemicals: Potassium Chloride is used in electrode cells, buffer solutions, and spectroscopy.
drilling mud for oil production industry: Potassium Chloride is used as conditioner in oil drilling muds and as a shale stabilizer to prevent swelling.
flame retardants and fire preventing agents: Potassium Chloride is used as a component in dry chemical fire extinguisher.
anti-freezing agents: Potassium Chloride is used to melt ice on streets and driveways.

Potassium Chloride is a widely used reagent in biochemistry and molecular biology.
Potassium Chloride is a component of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Product No. P 3813) and of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) buffer (50 mM KCl).
Potassium Chloride is also used in studies of ion transport and potassium channels.
Potassium Chloride is also utilized in the solubilization, extraction, purification, and crystallization of proteins.
The use of Potassium Chloride in the crystallization of histone core octamers has been reported.
Potassium Chloride is a nutrient, dietary supplement, and gelling agent that exists as crystals or powder.

Potassium Chloride has a solubility of 1 g in 2.8 ml of water at 25°c and 1 g in 1.8 ml of boiling water.
Potassium Chloride, and sodium chloride and magnesium chloride diminish its solubility in water.
Potassium Chloride is used as a salt substitute and mineral supple- ment.
Potassium Chloride has optional use in artificially sweetened jelly and preserves.
Potassium Chloride is used as a potassium source for certain types of carrageenan gels.
Potassium Chloride is used to replace sodium chloride in low-sodium foods.

Agricultural Uses
Muriate of potash or Potassium Chloride, is a major potash fertilizer.
Potassium Chloride is water soluble and is generally blended with other components to make it a multi-nutrient fertilizer.
Potassium Chloride has a higher salt index than potassium sulphate and is recommended for most crops except tobacco, potato and grapes, which are sensitive to chloride ions.

Potassium Chloride, also known as muriate of potash, is generally blended with other components to make it a multinutrient fertilizer.
Potassium Chloride is a white crystalline solid, available in fine, coarse and granular grades.
Potassium Chloride is the least expensive carrier of potassium in the fertilizer market.
This important fertilizer contains about 48 to 52% plant food as potassium and about 48% chloride.
Coarser potassium blends well with granular N-P compounds to form an NPK-blended multinutrient fertilizer.
At least 78 % of the potassium salts are estimated to be consumed worldwide, in the form of potassium chloride, and over 90% of all processed potassium is used as fertilizer.

Muck, peat and sands are generally potassiumdeficient, whereas arid soils are mostly potassium-rich, with 448 kg/ha or more of readily available potassium.
Potassium chloride is neutral and totally watersoluble.
Potassium Chloride can be applied to all soils and crops that are not sensitive to chlorides.
Soluble soil-potassium is adsorbed and retained by soil colloids and thus prevented from leaching.
Roots take up potassium in the ionic form.
Potassium chloride is best applied either while sowing or prior to it.
However, when soils are light or coarsetextured, the applied potassium may be lost through leaching.
So, Potassium Chloride is preferable to apply potassium in split doses.
On heavy soils, the fertilizer is placed advantageously in bands, as in the case of phosphatic fertilizers.

Potassium chloride is manufactured from potash minerals or brine.
Sylvinite, which is a mixture of potassium chloride and halite, is the major potash mineral used for potassium chloride manufacture.
A large percentage of potassium chloride is mined and refined either by the floatation or crystallization process.
Both processes, of which the floatation process is more common, involve the separation of potassium chloride from sodium chloride.
Fine potassium chloride is a freeflowing material which does not cake in dry places.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Potassium chloride is widely used in a variety of parenteral and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations.
Potassium Chloride's primary use, in parenteral and ophthalmic preparations, is to produce isotonic solutions.
Potassium chloride is also used therapeutically in the treatment of hypokalemia.
Many solid-dosage forms of potassium chloride exist including: tablets prepared by direct compression and granulation; effervescent tablets; coated, sustained-release tablets; sustained- release wax matrix tablets;microcapsules;pellets; and osmotic pump formulations.

Experimentally, potassium chloride is frequently used as a model drug in the development of new solid-dosage forms, particularly for sustained-release or modified-release products.
Potassium chloride is also used widely in the food industry as a dietary supplement, pH control agent, stabilizer, thickener, and gelling agent.
Potassium Chloride can also be used in infant formulations.

Industrial uses
Potassium chloride is a colorless or white crystallinecompound of the composition KCl, usedfor molten salt baths for the heat treatment of steels.
The specific gravity is 1.987.
A bathcomposed of three parts potassium chloride andtwo parts barium chloride is used for hardeningcarbon-steel drills and other tools.
Steel toolsheated in this bath and quenched in a 3% sulfuricacid solution have a very bright surface.
A common bath is made up of potassium chlorideand common salt and can be used for temperaturesup to 900°C.
Potassium chloride is used in the porcelainenamel industry as a setting-up agent in titaniumcover coats.
In general, the quantities ofpotassium chloride, when used as an electrolyte,will be approximately the same as sodiumnitrite, which it replaces.
However, Potassium Chloride doesnot aid tearing resistance as does nitrite.
Themain advantage in using potassium chloride isthe freedom from yellowing or creaming whenused in a blue-white enamel.
Potassium chloride may exert an adverse effect on the glossand may cause a slight decrease in the acidresistingproperties of the enamel, although thelatter effect is somewhat debatable.

Production Methods
Potassium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite or sylvine; it also occurs in other minerals such as sylvinite, carnallite, and kainite.
Commercially, potassium chloride is obtained by the solar evaporation of brine or by the mining of mineral deposits.

Reactivity Profile
Potassium chloride is not in general strongly reactive.
Violent reaction with BrF3 and with a mixture of sulfuric acid potassium permanganate mixture.
Reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to generate fumes of hydrogen chloride.

Health Hazard
Potassium chloride is an essential constituent of the body for intracellular osmotic pressure and buffering, cell permeability, acid-base balance, muscle contraction and nerve function.

SYMPTOMS: Large doses of Potassium chloride usually induce vomiting, so acute intoxication by mouth is rare.
If no pre-existing kidney damage, Potassium Chloride is rapidly excreted.
Poisoning disturbs the rhythm of heart.
Large doses by mouth can cause gastrointestinal irritation, purging, weakness, and circulatory disturbances.

Synonyms
potassium chloride
7447-40-7
Enseal
Klotrix
Sylvite
Slow-K
Klor-Con
Neobakasal
Muriate of potash
Chlorvescent
Kalitabs
Kaochlor
Potavescent
Kloren
Pfiklor
Potassium monochloride
Rekawan
Chloropotassuril
Klor-Lyte
KCl-retard Zyma
K-Contin
Kay Ciel
Monopotassium chloride
K-Lease
Kaon Cl
Kaon-Cl
Micro-K
Steropotassium
Acronitol
Kalcorid
Kaleorid
Kaliduron
Kaliglutol
Kalilente
Kalinorm
Kaliolite
Klorvess
Miopotasio
Potasion
Celeka
Chloride of potash
Durekal
Durules
Enpott
Kadalex
Kalipor
Kalipoz
Keylyte
Potasol
Natural sylvite
Kalium Duriles
Kalium Durules
Kalium Retard
Kalium-Durettes
Rekawan Retard
K-Lyte/Cl
Lento-Kalium
K-Lor
K-Tab
Kay-EM
Peter-kal
Ten-K
Kalitrans Retard
Potassium muriate
Durules-K
Kalium-R
Kay-Ciel
Repone K
Kalium SR
Diffu-K
K-Predne-Dome
Kalinor-Retard P
KCL Retard
Lento-K
Potassium chloride (KCl)
Super K
Ultra K Chlor
Ultra-K-Chlor
Addi-K
Cena-K
K-Care
K-Grad
Kaliumchlorid
Span-K
Kayciel
Clor-K-Zaf
Micro-K Extentcaps
Plus Kalium Retard
Kali muriaticum
K-Lyte Cl
Kato
Kay-Cee-L
Apo-K
K Tab
K-Dur
K-Sol
Leo-K
Micro-K LS
Micro-Kalium Retard
Rum-K
Potassiumchloride
Emplets potassium chloride
Slow-K tablets
Kalinorm Depottab
Nu-K
Kaon-Cl 10
Tripotassium trichloride
K-Norm
Infalyte
Super K (salt)
Kolyum
K-SR
Kaon-Cl TABS
Kalium S.R.
Dipotassium dichloride
Chlorid draselny
Potassium Cl
Klor-Con M20
Kaon Cl-10
Micro-K 10
potassium;chloride
Sylvite (KCl)
Chlorid draselny [Czech]
Epiklor
Sylvine
Klor-Con M10
Klor-Con M15
Caswell No. 686
Kali Chloratum
Kali Chloridum
Potassium chloride (K3Cl3)
KCL
Potassii Chloridum
Potassium chloride [JAN]
Chloride, Potassium
Klor-Con 10
CCRIS 1962
Chloride (as potassium)
Kalii chloridum
HSDB 1252
K+10
K-10
EINECS 231-211-8
Kalium S.R
NSC 77368
NSC-77368
Potassium Chloride 10meq in Plastic Container
Klotrix (TN)
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 013904
Potassium Chloride in Plastic Container
Klor-con (TN)
INS NO.508
UNII-660YQ98I10
CHEBI:32588
Kaon-Cl (TN)
INS-508
K-dur (TN)
Potassium (as chloride)
Potassium chloride 30meq in plastic container
Potassium chloride 40meq in plastic container
Potassium thallium chloride (KTlCl)
[KCl]
MFCD00011360
14336-88-0
660YQ98I10
KCL (TN)
POTASSIUM(I) CHLORIDE
Potassium chloride [USP:JAN]
Potassium chloride,AR,99.5%
K+8
KSR
Potassium chloride, ACS reagent
DTXSID5021178
E 508
E-508
Potassium chloride 20meq in plastic container
EC 231-211-8
NSC77368
Kaysiel
THAM-E COMPONENT POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
(KCl)
B1653
HALFLYTELY COMPONENT POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE COMPONENT OF THAM-E
TIS-U-SOL COMPONENT POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE COMPONENT OF HALFLYTELY
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE COMPONENT OF TIS-U-SOL
Potassium chloride, ultra dry
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (II)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [II]
Kaleorod
Kayback
Kaskay
Selora
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (MART.)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [MART.]
Kalium-duriles
Kelp salt
Kaon Ultra
Kaon-ci
Repone-K
Duffi-K
Sando-K
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (EP MONOGRAPH)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (USP MONOGRAPH)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Leo K
Sal digestnum sylvii
K. tab
K-lyte/C1
KM potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride BP
Trona muriate of potash
Trona potassium chloride
Chloropotassuril diffu-K
Potasalan
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, ACS
Slow K
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, U.S.P.
CHLOROVESCENT
POTASH MURIATE
ENSEAL KCL
potassium chloride salt
Hydrochloric acid potassium salt (1:1)
SLOW-K-TABLETS
Potassium Chloride,(S)
Potassium chloride (ACN
Cloruro de potasio (kcl)
Potassium chloride standard
D0E9JM
WLN: KA G
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE KC
B1653 [LANGUAL]
KALI MURIATICUM [HPUS]
DTXCID601178
Potassium Chloride, Food Grade
ENSEAL POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [MI]
CHEMBL1200731
Potassium Chloride (FRU Grade)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [FCC]
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 10MEQ
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20MEQ
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 40MEQ
Potassium chloride solution, 1M
11118_FLUKA
Potassium chloride (JP15/USP)
Potassium chloride (JP17/USP)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [HSDB]
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [INCI]
Potassium chloride, Optical Grade
WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [VANDF]
Potassium chloride, LR, >=99%
AMY37139
CS-B1714
HY-Y0537
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [USP-RS]
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [WHO-DD]
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [WHO-IP]
Potassium chloride, ACS, 99.5%
STR03715
Potassium Chloride - Drilling Grade
IN2900
Potassium chloride, AR, >=99.5%
AKOS015902779
AKOS024438069
AKOS024457458
DB00761
KALII CHLORIDUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
LS-1643
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [ORANGE BOOK]
CHLORIDE (AS POTASSIUM) [VANDF]
POTASSIUM (AS CHLORIDE) [VANDF]
Potassium chloride, BioXtra, >=99.0%
Potassium chloride, BP, Ph. Eur. grade
E508
Potassium chloride Biochemical Grade = 99%
FT-0645107
P1757