Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder.
Glucuronolactone neutralizes poisons in the liver and intestines.
Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks with claims that it detoxifies the body


CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-3
MDL number: MFCD00135622
Chemical formula: C6H8O6



SYNONYMS:
Glucuronic acid-3,6-lactone, EINECS 251-053-3, BRN 0083595, NSC-656, D-Glucuronic acid, g-lactone, UNII-XE4Y3016M9, D-Glucuronic acid, gamma-lactone, D-Glucuronicacid,g-lactone, SCHEMBL28793, 5-18-05-00033 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GLUCUROLACTONE [MART.], GLUCURONOLACTONE [INCI], D-GLUCURONOLACTONE [MI], GLUCUROLACTONE [WHO-DD], CHEBI:18268, D-glucofuranuronate gamma-lactone, AMY8977, BCP09805, AKOS006341990, KS-1361, gamma-Lactone of D-glucofuranuronic acid, HY-41982, CS-0019952, NS00013683, C02670, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, >=99%, D01800, D70547, .GAMMA-LACTONE OF D-GLUCOFURANURONIC ACID, Q28529701, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, analytical standard, 00CE759F-D1F9-492E-89F7-B7400A34C72D, D-Glucurone, D-Glucuronic acid, D-Glucuronic acid lactone, D-glucurono-3,6-Lactone, D-Glucuronolactone, Dicurone, glucofuranurono-6,3-Lactone, Glucoxy, Glucurolactone, Glucuron, Glucurone, Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucuronolactone, Glucuronosan, Gluronsan, Glycurone, Guronsan, Reulatt s.s., D-Glucurone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid-gamma-lactone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-acetaldehyde, Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucurone, Glucurolactone (INN), D-glucurono-gamma-lactone, glucurono-γ-lactone, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, 32449-92-6, GLUCUROLACTONE, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, Glucurono-6,3-lactone, d(+)-glucurono-3,6-lactone, Glucuronosan, Guronsan, Glucurolactone [INN], D-Glucofuranuronic acid, gamma-lactone, Glucuronolactone [JAN], NSC 656, Glucuron, Gluronsan, Glucuronic acid lactone, XE4Y3016M9, Reulatt S.S., MFCD00135622, (R)-2-((2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, Glucuronolactone (JAN), (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, Glucurolactonum, Glucurolactona, Glucuronolattone, Glucuronolattone [DCIT], gamma-Glukurolakton



Glucuronolactone is most commonly known as a popular component of energy drinks
Glucuronolactone is a normal human metabolite formed from glucose, but is only present in small amounts in the diet
In the body Glucuronolactone exists as in physiological equilibrium with glucuronic acid


Therefore supplementation with Glucuronolactone boosts glucuronic acid and association phase II glucuronidation
Supplementation with Glucuronolactone may improve liver function through its link with glucuronidation
Typical doses of Glucuronolactone in energy drinks and supplements are generally considered to be safe


Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative that is converted to L-ascorbic acid in animals and humans.
Glucuronolactone is studied for its effectiveness against canine hepatitis.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring solid white compound that has applications for bodybuilding and exercise.


Glucuronolactone is one of the lesser known ingredients, but there is evidence to suggest that it may be useful in increasing both physical and mental performance.
Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder.


Glucuronolactone neutralizes poisons in the liver and intestines.
Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks with claims that it detoxifies the body
Glucuronolactone is a potent detoxification compound naturally found in the human body.


The synthetically produced form of Glucuronolactone is included in energy drinks and dietary supplements to improve overall athletic performance.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring metabolite found in almost all connective tissues of the human body.
Glucuronolactone is produced from the breakdown of glucose in the liver and may be found in natural food and drinks such as red wine.


However, the quantities of Glucuronolactone obtained from natural sources are relatively low compared to that taken from energy drinks and dietary supplements.
Thus, to enjoy the benefits of Glucuronolactone, individuals are advised to take dietary supplements containing the compound.


Glucuronolactone is also called Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucurone, Glucurolactone, D-glucurono-gamma-lactone, and glucurono-γ-lactone.
Glucuronolactone's molecular formula is C6H8O6, and its CAS number is 32449-92-6.
The molecular weight of Glucuronolactone is 176.12 g/mol.


Glucuronolactone has a white powder appearance and is soluble in water.
During its metabolism, Glucuronolactone is broken down into glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose.
Studies reveal that Glucuronolactone may also play a vital role in synthesizing Ascorbic Acid or Vitamin C.


Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical compound produced by the metabolism of glucose in the human liver.
Glucuronolactone is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.


Glucuronolactone is present in many energy drinks.
Most of these drinks also contain caffeine, but Glucuronolactone is included because it is purported to fight fatigue and provide a sense of well-being.
Glucuronolactone is a product obtained by the oxidation of glucose.


Glucuronolactone is also added to pre-workout products.
Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder.
Glucuronolactone is odourless, slightly bitter.


Glucuronolactone is a substance that is produced when glucose is converted in the liver.
Most typically found in sports performance enhancing or pre-workout products such as energy drinks.
Glucuronolactone is most likely liver protective and promote energy and endurance especially in combination with caffeine.


Glucuronolactone is a prodrug for the compound D-Glucaro-1,4-Lactone.
Glucuronolactone is a normal human metabolite formed from glucose.
Glucuronolactone is in equilibrium with its immediate precursor, glucuronic acid, at physiological pH.


Glucuronic acid is found in plants, mainly in gums.
However, it is combined with other carbohydrates in an aggregated form, so it is not easily bioavailable.
Glucuronic acid is an important component of all animal fibers and connective tissues.


Studies have shown that when humans take Glucuronolactone orally, it is rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted in the form of glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose.
Human metabolic considerations suggest that the body may process small amounts of Glucuronolactone without problems.


However, Glucuronolactone intake from certain energy drinks may be two orders higher than other dietary sources.
The only study using chronic dosing was in rats, and rodents are known to metabolize Glucuronolactone differently than humans.
Glucuronolactone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isosorbide.


These are organic polycyclic compounds containing an isosorbide(1,4-Dianhydrosorbitol) moiety, which consists of two -oxolan-3-ol rings.
Glucuronolactone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isosorbide.
Glucuronolactone is a very mild and mentholic tasting compound.


Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums. Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water.
Glucuronolactone's melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C.


Glucuronolactone can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form.
Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks because it has been shown to be effective at increasing energy levels and improving alertness.
Glucuronolactone supplementation also significantly reduces "brain fog" cause by various medical conditions.


Although levels of Glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far exceed those found in the rest of the diet, it is extremely safe and well tolerated.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that exposure to Glucuronolactone from regular consumption of energy drinks is not a safety concern.
The no-observed-adverse-effect level of Glucuronolactone is 1000 mg/kg/day.


These are organic polycyclic compounds containing an isosorbide(1,4-Dianhydrosorbitol) moiety, which consists of two -oxolan-3-ol rings.
Glucuronolactone is an ingredient used in some energy drinks.
Although levels of Glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far exceed those found in the rest of the diet.


Research into Glucuronolactone is too limited to assert claims about its safety.
According to The Merck Index, Glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant.
Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.


Glucuronolactone is a chemical.
Glucuronolactone can be made by the body.
Glucuronolactone is also found in foods and made in laboratories.


Glucuronolactone is a molecule commonly found as a component of energy drink formulations with surprisingly minimal research on it, given its societal usage.
D-glucurono-6,3-lactone is a Glucuronolactone.


Glucuronolactone is functionally related to a D-glucuronic acid
Glucuronolactone is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Homo sapiens, and other organisms with data available.
Glucuronolactone Powder contains no fillers.


Glucuronolactone is a well-known nootropic in a practical capsule from.
Glucuronolactone is produced by the metabolization of glucose in the liver and occurs naturally in the body.
Glucuronolactone is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.


When taken as a supplement, Glucuronolactone is used for improving alertness, avoiding mental fatigue, and may be beneficial in maintaining joint and tendon health.
Glucuronolactone is used in many energy products, including Mettle Energy Drink Powder, which uses 370mg per serving.
Consult a doctor regarding your particular usage and dose.


As a naturally occurring substance, Glucuronolactone is a key component of nearly all connective tissue.
In vitro, Dehydrogenase can metabolize Glucuronolactone to D-Glucaro-1,4-Lactone (G14L).
Glucuronolactone is present in many commercial products as a mixture of active ingredients.


Glucuronolactone is also found in complex supplements along with taurine and caffeine.
Glucuronolactone can also be layered with other pre-workout ingredients like creatine, beta-alanine, and citrulline.
Glucuronolactone is known for body energy and mental focus.
And Glucuronolactone is an ingredient in some concentrated pre-workout supplements, pre-workout supplements, and weight loss proteins.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Due to its ability to inhibit viral and bacterial beta-glucuronidase, Glucuronolactone has also been used to treat chronic carriers of typhoid bacteria.
Glucuronolactone is indicated that taking one to several grams per day will not cause problems.
Glucuronolactone is a well-know nootropic, which is used to support brain functions such as memory, thinking a concentration.


Glucuronolactone is naturally found in our body, as it is formed in the liver during glucose metabolism.
In addition, Glucuronolactone is also a part of all connective tissues.
Moreover, Glucuronolactone is also found in food in smaller quantities.


However, higher concentrations of this nootropic are usually added to energy drinks and supplements in order to improve sports and mental performance.
Additionally, according to The Merck Index, Glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant.
The liver uses glucose to create Glucuronolactone, which inhibits the enzyme B-glucuronidase (metabolizes glucuronides), which should cause blood-glucuronide levels to rise.


Glucuronides combines with toxic substances, such as morphine and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, by converting them to water-soluble glucuronide-conjugates which are excreted in the urine.
Higher blood-glucuronides help remove toxins from the body, leading to the claim that energy drinks are detoxifying.


Free glucuronic acid (or its self-ester Glucuronolactone) has less effect on detoxification than glucose, because the body synthesizes UDP-glucuronic acid from glucose.
Therefore, sufficient carbohydrate intake provides enough UDP-glucuronic acid for detoxication, and foods rich in glucose are usually abundant in developed nations.


Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use Glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.
Glucuronolactone is frequently used in energy drinks to increase energy levels and improve alertness, and can also be used to reduce "brain fog" caused by various medical conditions.


Glucuronolactone can be used to synthesize Vitamin C in creatures capable of this conversion, which are not humans.
Glucuronolactone is commonly used as an ingredient in "energy" drinks to increase attention and improve athletic performance, but there is no good scientific evidence to support its use.


Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
Glucuronolactone is sometimes used in energy drinks.
Unfounded claims that Glucuronolactone can be used to reduce "brain fog" are based on research conducted on energy drinks that contain other active ingredients that have been shown to improve cognitive function, such as caffeine.


Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.
Glucuronolactone is a normal product of glucose breakdown in the liver.
All connective tissues contain Glucuronolactone, as well as many plant gums.


The amounts of Glucuronolactone found in food and those produced in the body, though, are negligible compared to the dosage in energy drinks and supplements.
As a supplement, Glucuronolactone’s available in the powder/capsule form.


Glucuronolactone is advertised as a supplement to enhance athletic performance, detoxify the liver, and reduce mental fatigue.
Glucuronolactone is a molecule commonly found as a component of energy drink formulations with surprisingly minimal research on it, given its societal usage.


Glucuronolactone is most often used to support brain functions such as memory, thinking, and concentration.
In addition, Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks and nutritional supplements to improve sports performance.
That said, Glucuronolactone's effects will be appreciated not only by athletes, but also by students and people with physically or mentally demanding jobs.


Glucuronides combines with toxic substances, such as morphine and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, by converting them to water-soluble glucuronide-conjugates which are excreted in the urine.
Glucuronolactone is available on a large scale and is intended for use in the chemical, diagnostic, pharmaceutical and related industries.


Glucuronolactone is used to help speed up recovery times after workouts, and to improve overall training performance levels
D-glucurono-gamma-lactone, also called Glucuronolactone, is a naturally occurring solid white compound used in sports and bodybuilding.
Therefore, Glucuronolactone in energy drinks is a common and main application.


Glucuronolactone can help enhance focus and improve athletic performance.
Glucuronolactone is frequently used in energy and alertness drinks.
Glucuronolactone is used Sport Nutrition, Diet Supplements, Pharmaceutical Field, Medical Usage.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OFGLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water. Its melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C.
Glucuronolactone can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form.



HISTORY OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
It is unknown if Glucuronolactone is safe for human consumption due to a lack of proper human or animal trials. However, Glucuronolactone likely has limited effects on the human body.
Furthermore research on isolated supplements of Glucuronolactone is limited, no warnings appear on the Food and Drug Administration website regarding its potential to cause brain tumors or other maladies.



HOW DOES GLUCURONOLACTONE WORK?
There isn't enough information to know how Glucuronolactone might work as a medicine.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
*Monosaccharides
*Gamma butyrolactones
*Tetrahydrofurans
*Secondary alcohols
*Hemiacetals
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Polyols
*Oxacyclic compounds
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
*Isosorbide
*Gamma butyrolactone
*Monosaccharide
*Tetrahydrofuran
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Hemiacetal
*Lactone
*Secondary alcohol
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Polyol
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Oxacycle
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Carbonyl group
*Organic oxide
*Organic oxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound



BENEFITS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
*a well-known nootropic,
*helps improve concentration and memory,
*one serving contains 500 mg of potassium Glucuronolactone,
*suitable for athletes, students, and people with mentally or physically demanding jobs,
*comes in a practical capsule form,
*suitable for vegans.



GLUCURONOLACTONE MARKET SIZE AND TREND:
The global Glucuronolactone market is worth $388.07 million in 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.46% from 2022 to 2030, and is expected to reach $593.76 million by 2030.
North America has become the world’s largest Glucuronolactone market, accounting for 42.39% of market revenue in 2022.
The United States is the largest consumer country.

North America dominates the Glucuronolactone market as demand for energy drinks and nutritional supplements grows.
Additionally, the increasing geriatric population, desk-working lifestyle, rising food consumption, and rising awareness about the health benefits of antioxidants are helping to drive market growth in this region.

Glucuronolactone is available in liquid, powder, tablet, capsule, and other forms on the market.
In 2022, the Glucuronolactone in powder form market dominated, with the largest market share of 42.25%.
Glucuronolactone's market revenue is around $22.50 million.

This growth is attributed to the increasing health awareness among the public.
Furthermore, the liquidity segment is likely to dominate the market by 2030 due to rising disposable income.
In addition to energy drinks, Glucuronolactone is also involved in dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, functional foods, cosmetics, and other fields.

In 2022, the pharmaceutical sector dominated the market, accounting for approximately 29.19% of global revenue.
This growth is attributed to the increasing use of Glucuronolactone-based tablets and supplements to treat arthritis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.
The energy drinks market will likely dominate by 2030 owing to the emergence of multiple ingredients-constant players in the domestic and international industries.



INGREDIENTS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone, bulking agent (microcrystalline cellulose), anti-caking agent (magnesium stearate), hypromellose capsule.



STRUCTURE OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone is a molecule that is commonly found in energy drinks (at around 10-60mg, with variance depending on brand), although in studies 'disassembling' the constituents of energy drinks suggest no significant contribution towards energy.



BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
In vitro, Glucuronolactone can be metabolized by a dehydrogenase into D-Glucaro-1,4-Lactone (G14L), where Glucuronolactone appears to metabolize into a dilactone (d-glucaro-1,4-3,6-dilactone) and then spontaneously degrade into G14L.



METABOLISM OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone can be formed when glucuronic acid is degraded in subcritical water interchangeably.



GLUCURONOLACTONE IN ENERGY DRINKS:
IS GLUCURONOLACTONE SUITABLE?
WHY DO BRANDS LIKE TO ADD GLUCURONOLACTONE TO ENERGY DRINKS?
Glucuronolactone’s all up to its benefits.
Glucuronolactone has stimulant properties to help increase energy levels and combat fatigue.

Glucuronolactone enhances physical performance and improves mental alertness.
Some studies suggest that Glucuronolactone may have mood-enhancing effects.
Glucuronolactone is thought to increase dopamine levels in the brain, improving mood and overall well-being.

Glucuronolactone is involved in the body’s natural detoxification processes.
Glucuronolactone eliminates harmful substances, such as drugs, toxins, and pollutants, by aiding in forming glucuronide conjugates that can be easily excreted.

Glucuronolactone can protect the liver from damage caused by toxins and promote its overall function.
Glucuronolactone's antioxidant properties can help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.

Glucuronolactone's cognitive-enhancing effects improve memory, focus, and concentration.
Because Glucuronolactone has properties of energy improvement, mood enhancement, etc.
Glucuronolactone is suitable in energy drinks.



GLUCURONOLACTONE IN ENERGY DRINKS: IS GLUCURONOLACTONE SAFE?
A submission from the Austrian National Food Authority included ingredient lists for 32 “energy drinks.”
This list is taken from the Austrian Market Beverage Review published in March 1996.
Not all ��energy” drinks contain Glucuronolactone.

These drinks contain Glucuronolactone in a regulated concentration range of 2000-2400 mg/L.
Based on the average Austrian consumer’s per capita energy drink intake over a year, it can be estimated that the average daily intake of Glucuronolactone from an energy drink containing 2400 mg/l is 108 mg.

These estimates of energy drink intake can be compared with Glucuronolactone intake from other food sources.
However, only a few foods have been identified as containing Glucuronolactone.
In the United States, the average intake of Glucuronolactone from other food sources among people who eat foods containing Glucuronolactoneis 1.2 mg/day.

Wine is the richest source (up to 20 mg/L).
According to this US estimate, the average consumer consuming two 250 ml cans of energy drinks per day (containing 2400 mg/L) may consume 500 times more Glucuronolactone than other food sources.



WHAT ARE THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF USING GLUCURONOLACTONE?
Glucuronolactone may bring several health benefits to individual users, including the following.
Glucuronolactone may fight mental and physical fatigue.

Several studies show that Glucuronolactone supplementation may be beneficial in improving athletic performance and preventing exhaustion and fatigue following the performance of extraneous exercises.
It is also believed that Glucuronolactone may improve one’s ability to perform daily tasks and improve focus and attention.
Although it may improve energy levels, Glucuronolactone should not be used as a prime energy source.

*Glucuronolactone reduces brain fog.
Brain fogging is characterized by confusion and disorganized thoughts brought about by various factors, including stress.
According to some studies, Glucuronolactone may help reduce brain fog by improving overall mental health and cognitive function.
Some researches also show that persons who take Glucuronolactone have improved reaction time.

*Glucuronolactone supports joint health.
Glucuronolactone is also known to support the healing of joints, tendons, and ligaments following damage brought about by physical activity. It may also help strengthen bones and promote muscle development among bodybuilders.

*Other health benefits
Certain studies also show that Glucuronolactone supplementation may improve cardiovascular health.
Glucuronolactone also works to improve mood among depressive patients.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE?
Glucuronolactone is the γ‐lactone of glucuronic acid.
Glucuronolactone is a normal human metabolite and formed from glucose and glucuronic acid.
Glucuronolactone seems to be found naturally occurring substance produced in small amounts within the body.



STUDIES OF GLUCURONOLACTONE BENEFITS:
Uses of Glucuronolactone as an ingredient outside of the food and beverage industry includes as a performance enhancer and recovery aid.
Several studies have demonstrated that a pre-exercise, energy supplement (containing caffeine with taurine, Glucuronolactone, creatine, and amino acids) can delay fatigue and improve the quality of resistance exercise.
Taurine and Glucuronolactone are often combined with caffeine to form an ‘energy matrix’ in many energy drinks.



PURE POWDERED GLUCURONOLACTONE FORMS AND SPECIFICATIONS:
Glucuronolactone is available for dietary supplement formulations in powder with 99% purity.
It is important to purchase Glucuronolactone powder 99% only from legitimate suppliers to ensure the product is high quality.
Depending on the customer’s preference and suggestion, Glucuronolactone may be purchased in bulk or lesser quantities and packed in paper drums with two layers of polybags inside.

Glucuronolactone application is in energy drinks.
Some historians claim that the use of Glucuronolactone dates back to the early Vietnam War era when it was produced for use by soldiers. In the modern-day world, the compound is included in energy drinks as it is believed to increase energy levels, along with caffeine and taurine.

Along with caffeine and taurine, Glucuronolactone helps increase alertness and boost energy.
Glucuronolactone may also be taken in dietary supplement formulations to improve cognitive functions.

Glucuronolactone, Taurine, and Caffeine are the basic components of stimulant drinks.
Since stimulant drinks increase glucose levels, Glucuronolactone is believed that they may also increase insulin levels in response to hyperglycemia.
This is why the long-term intake of energy drinks in very high quantities is not recommended, as Glucuronolactone may pose risks to individual users.



HOW DOES GLUCURONOLACTONE WORK?
As a Detoxicant, experts say that Glucuronolactone works to help eliminate toxic compounds in body cells.
This is especially beneficial as Glucuronolactone may help prevent rapid cellular deterioration brought about by the accumulation of circulating free radicals.

Glucuronolactone may also help the liver cleanse the blood and eliminate unwanted toxins.
Also, as a component of connective tissues in the body, Glucuronolactone is believed to be important in repairing joints and muscle tears following strains.
Glucuronolactone is also important in producing Vitamin C, making it essential for improved immunity and overall body resistance.

Glucuronolactone in combination with caffeine, beta-alanine, creatine, citrulline and taurine has a possible positive effect in improving aerobic and anaerobic performance.
Glucuronolactone may also help to increase strength and help improve mental performance (reaction time, concentration and memory).



GLUCURONOLACTONE BENEFITS FOR MENTAL PERFORMANCE:
It has been reported that not only does Glucuronolactone help to improve physical performance, there is also evidence to suggests it helps to increase mental performance.
When given an energy drink containing Glucuronolactone, subjects showed significant improvements in reaction time, concentration, and memory.



RECOMMENDED DOSES OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Doses of 350mg Glucuronolactone have been found to be effective for use as a pre workout supplement.
The effects of Glucuronolactone set in fairly rapidly.

It has been reported that consuming a supplement containing Glucuronolactone 10 minutes before exercise resulted in improved exercise performance.
However, given that Glucuronolactone typically occurs with other ingredients, it is recommended for such supplements to be consumed 30 to 45 minutes before a workout, or as indicated by the manufacturer.



SUPPLEMENTS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Since Glucuronolactone is known for physical energy and mental focus, it is an ingredient found in some pre workout supplements, concentrated pre workout supplements, and fat loss proteins.



WHERE DOES GLUCURONOLACTONE COME FROM?
Glucuronolactone naturally occurs in the connective tissue (eg tendons, ligaments, cartilage) of humans and animals, as well as in the gums of plants.
Glucuronolactone is also common ingredient in higher concentrations in energy drinks.



BENEFITS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone is present in many commercial products as a mixture of active ingredients.
These cocktails have been relatively well studied in relation to both physical and mental performance.

*Glucuronolactone Benefits for Bodybuilding & Endurance:
In physiological trials, Glucuronolactone has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of toxic by-products of intensive exercise as well as other negative effects causing fatigue.
Various studies have investigated products containing Glucuronolactone on physical performance.

When human subjects were given an energy drink containing a combination of Glucuronolactone, caffeine, and taurine, it was found that they experienced improvements in aerobic and anaerobic performance compared to those receiving a control.
When used in a pre workout supplement, Glucuronolactone in combination with the aforementioned ingredients resulted in an increase in total repetitions performed.

This also led to an increase in an anabolic response among supplemented people.
These results were later reproduced and supported by the same group of researchers.
Such results suggest that Glucuronolactone may help to increase strength and lean gains when used in conjunction with weight training.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Molecular Weight: 176.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 104 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 202
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C6H8O6
Molar mass: 176.124 g·mol−1
Density: 1.76 g/cm3 (30 °C), 1.75 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point: 176 to 178 °C (349 to 352 °F; 449 to 451 K), 172 - 175 °C
Solubility in water: 26.9 g/100 mL
CAS number: 32449-92-6
EC number: 251-053-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₈O₆
HS Code: 2932 20 90
Chemical Formula: C6H8O6
Average Molecular Weight: 176.1241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 176.032087988 g/mol
IUPAC Name: (3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-2-one
Traditional Name: (3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]furan-2-one

CAS Registry Number: 32449-92-6
SMILES: O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2C@@HC(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-3-4(12-5(1)9)2(8)6(10)11-3/h1-5,7-9H/t1-,2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1
InChI Key: OGLCQHRZUSEXNB-WHDMSYDLSA-N
CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-3
Formula Hill: C₆H₈O₆
Molar Mass: 176.12 g/mol
HS Code: 29322980
Classification: Superior
MDL Number: MFCD00135622
Chemical Formula: C6H8O6
Molecular Weight: 176.13 g/mol
SMILES: C(=O)C@@HO
Melting Point: 177.5 °C
Boiling Point: 403.5 °C
Flash Point: 174.9 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical compound that belongs to the family of carbohydrates.
Glucuronolactone is derived from glucose and is structurally related to glucuronic acid, which is a component of many polysaccharides and proteoglycans in the body.

CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-7

Synonyms: D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucurone, Glucurolactone, Glucuronosan, D-Glucuronolactone, Glucosiduronic acid lactone, Lactonized glucuronic acid, Glucurono-gamma-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, Glucuronic acid delta-lactone, D-Glucurono-gamma-lactone, Glucurono-gamma-lactone, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, Glucuronic acid delta-lactone



APPLICATIONS


Glucuronolactone is commonly used as an ingredient in energy drinks and dietary supplements to enhance alertness and physical performance.
Glucuronolactone is included in formulations aimed at promoting mental focus and concentration.

Glucuronolactone is utilized in sports nutrition products to support energy metabolism during exercise.
Glucuronolactone is often combined with caffeine and other stimulants to synergistically enhance cognitive and physical performance.

Glucuronolactone is found in pre-workout supplements for its potential to improve endurance and reduce fatigue.
Glucuronolactone is included in formulations targeting recovery after strenuous physical activity.
Glucuronolactone is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its hydrating and moisturizing properties.

Glucuronolactone is added to topical creams and lotions to help maintain skin hydration and elasticity.
In pharmaceuticals, it may be used as an excipient in drug formulations to improve solubility and bioavailability.

Glucuronolactone is studied for its potential antioxidant effects, which could contribute to overall health benefits.
Glucuronolactone is incorporated into detoxification programs and supplements aimed at supporting liver health.

Glucuronolactone is used in functional beverages and health drinks marketed for their detoxifying properties.
Glucuronolactone is researched for its role in combating oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.

In dietary supplements, it may be included to promote overall wellness and vitality.
Glucuronolactone is explored for its potential anti-inflammatory properties in various health conditions.
Glucuronolactone is included in oral health products for its potential benefits to gum health and oral hygiene.

Glucuronolactone is added to nutritional supplements aimed at supporting immune function and resilience.
Glucuronolactone is used in beauty supplements and ingestible skincare products for skin rejuvenation.

Glucuronolactone is investigated for its role in improving joint health and mobility.
Glucuronolactone is utilized in eye health supplements for its antioxidant and protective properties.
Glucuronolactone is included in dietary formulations targeting metabolic health and weight management.

Glucuronolactone is researched for its potential neuroprotective effects in neurological disorders.
Glucuronolactone is explored in anti-aging products for its ability to support cellular health.

Glucuronolactone is included in formulations aimed at promoting hair growth and scalp health.
Glucuronolactone serves a diverse range of applications across nutrition, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and health products, reflecting its broad potential benefits for human health and well-being.

Glucuronolactone is used in dietary supplements targeting cardiovascular health due to its potential to support healthy circulation.
Glucuronolactone is included in formulations aimed at enhancing the body's natural detoxification processes.

Glucuronolactone is explored for its potential to protect against oxidative damage caused by environmental stressors.
Glucuronolactone is added to energy bars and snacks for sustained energy release throughout the day.

Glucuronolactone is utilized in pet supplements for its potential benefits to animal health and vitality.
Glucuronolactone is included in functional foods and beverages for its ability to enhance nutritional value.

Glucuronolactone is researched for its role in improving gastrointestinal health and digestion.
Glucuronolactone is used in dietary aids targeting metabolism and energy balance.

Glucuronolactone is included in beauty drinks and collagen supplements for skin rejuvenation and elasticity.
Glucuronolactone is investigated for its potential to support bone health and mineral absorption.
Glucuronolactone is added to joint health supplements for its potential to maintain cartilage and joint function.

Glucuronolactone is explored in diabetic supplements for its role in glucose metabolism.
Glucuronolactone is utilized in wound healing formulations for its potential to support tissue repair.

Glucuronolactone is added to brain health supplements for its potential cognitive benefits.
Glucuronolactone is researched for its role in reducing the effects of hangovers and supporting liver recovery.

Glucuronolactone is used in cosmetic formulations targeting anti-aging and skin firming effects.
Glucuronolactone is explored in oral care products for its potential benefits to gum health and plaque reduction.

Glucuronolactone is included in eye health supplements for its potential to support vision and eye function.
Glucuronolactone is used in stress relief supplements for its potential calming and mood-balancing effects.
Glucuronolactone is researched in immune support supplements for its potential to strengthen immune responses.

Glucuronolactone is utilized in hair care products for its potential to improve hair strength and shine.
Glucuronolactone is explored for its potential anti-inflammatory effects in conditions like arthritis and joint pain.
Glucuronolactone is added to weight management supplements for its potential to support fat metabolism.

Glucuronolactone is used in detox foot patches and topical detox products for its potential to draw out toxins.
Glucuronolactone continues to be studied for its diverse applications across various health and wellness categories, highlighting its potential benefits in supporting overall health and vitality.

Glucuronolactone has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory effects, though more research is needed.
In sports nutrition, it is used to enhance physical performance and recovery.
As a dietary supplement, glucuronolactone is often combined with other ingredients for synergistic effects.

Glucuronolactone is metabolized in the liver and readily enters systemic circulation to exert its physiological effects.
Glucuronolactone is utilized in pharmaceutical formulations for its role in drug metabolism and efficacy.
Glucuronolactone has a role in maintaining cellular integrity and function, particularly in detoxification pathways.

Glucuronolactone supports the body's natural ability to eliminate waste products and maintain homeostasis.
Glucuronolactone is considered a non-essential nutrient as the body can synthesize it from glucose.
Glucuronolactone has been explored for its potential benefits in improving skin health and appearance.

Glucuronolactone is included in dietary guidelines and regulations to ensure safe consumption levels.
Glucuronolactone serves as a multifaceted compound with diverse roles in metabolism, health, and nutrition.



DESCRIPTION


Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical compound that belongs to the family of carbohydrates.
Glucuronolactone is derived from glucose and is structurally related to glucuronic acid, which is a component of many polysaccharides and proteoglycans in the body.
Glucuronolactone is primarily known for its role as a precursor in the detoxification process in the liver, where it conjugates with various substances to facilitate their excretion in urine.

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring compound found in the body as a metabolite of glucose.
Glucuronolactone is a lactone form of glucuronic acid, with a chemical structure consisting of a six-membered ring.

Glucuronolactone is integral to the body's detoxification processes, aiding in the removal of harmful substances.
Glucuronolactone is known for its role in conjugating with toxins and drugs to facilitate their elimination via urine.

Glucuronolactone plays a crucial part in the formation of water-soluble glucuronides, which are more easily excreted from the body.
In dietary supplements and energy drinks, glucuronolactone is often touted for its potential to boost energy levels.

Glucuronolactone is believed to support mental alertness and cognitive function due to its involvement in energy metabolism.
Glucuronolactone is sometimes used in cosmetics for its hydrating properties, promoting skin moisture retention.
Chemically, it is classified as a carbohydrate and is closely related to glucuronic acid.

Glucuronolactone has antioxidant properties that may contribute to overall health and well-being.
Glucuronolactone is generally considered safe for consumption in regulated amounts in food and supplements.
Glucuronolactone has a mild, slightly sweet taste and is often added to beverages and nutritional products.

Research suggests that glucuronolactone may help support liver health by aiding in detoxification pathways.
Glucuronolactone is soluble in water, contributing to its bioavailability and effectiveness in physiological processes.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White crystalline powder.
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Slightly sweet.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Melting Point: Approximately 176-178°C.
Density: Approximately 1.595 g/cm³.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 176.12 g/mol.
pH: Neutral (around pH 7) in aqueous solutions.
Crystallinity: Crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system.
Hygroscopicity: Non-hygroscopic (does not absorb moisture from the air).


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C6H8O6.
Chemical Structure: Lactone form of D-glucuronic acid.
Functional Groups: Contains a lactone group (cyclic ester) and hydroxyl groups (-OH).
Acidity/Basicity: Slightly acidic.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions.
Reactivity: Non-reactive under normal conditions; does not undergo significant chemical reactions.
Optical Activity: Not optically active (racemic mixture).
Partition Coefficient (Log P): Not applicable as it is highly soluble in water.
Biodegradability: Generally considered biodegradable in natural environments.
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; considered safe for consumption in regulated amounts.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If glucuronolactone dust or powder is inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties occur, provide oxygen if available and trained to do so.
Seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove any contaminated clothing or shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical advice.
Clean contaminated clothing before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water, holding the eyelids open.
Continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes, ensuring water reaches under the eyelids and over the entire eye surface.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation, pain, or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
If a large amount is swallowed or if symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain occur, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide medical personnel with information about the product ingested and its container.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection (e.g., NIOSH-approved mask) if handling in dusty or aerosol-generating conditions.

Ventilation:
Use in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of dust or vapors.
Ensure adequate ventilation during handling and storage.
Implement local exhaust ventilation if necessary to control airborne concentrations.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact and inhalation of dust or vapors.
Use tools or dispensing equipment to minimize exposure during handling.

Handling Procedures:
Handle glucuronolactone with care to prevent spills and minimize dust generation.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance.
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Static Electricity:
Ground equipment and containers to prevent static discharge, which could ignite dust or vapors.

Compatibility:
Ensure compatibility with other materials and chemicals used in formulations.
Follow compatibility guidelines provided by the manufacturer.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Clean up spills immediately using appropriate absorbent materials.
Avoid generating dust.
Dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures, including evacuation routes and emergency contacts.
Have spill control measures and appropriate firefighting equipment readily available.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store glucuronolactone in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.
Maintain storage temperatures as recommended by the manufacturer to ensure product stability.

Temperature Control:

Store in a temperature-controlled environment to prevent degradation or changes in physical properties.

Separation:
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, acids, and bases.

Container Integrity:
Inspect containers regularly for leaks or damage.
Replace damaged containers to prevent spills and exposure.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the product name, hazard information, handling precautions, and storage requirements.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Store in locked cabinets or rooms if necessary.

Shelving and Stacking:
Store containers on shelves or pallets to prevent contact with the ground and facilitate inspection and handling.

Environmental Considerations:
Prevent spills from entering drains, waterways, or soil. Have containment measures in place to capture accidental releases.

Glucuronolactone; D-Glucofuranuronic acid gamma-lactone; D-Glucuronic acid lactone; D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone; D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone; D-Glucuronolactone; Dicurone; gamma-Glukurolakton; Glucoxy; Glucurolactona; Glucurolactone; Glucurolactonum; Glucuron; Glucurone; Glucuronic acid lactone; Glucurono-6,3-lactone; (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde; cas no: 32449-92-6

glucosamine HCl; D-glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-, hydrochloride (1:1); 2- deoxy-2-amino-D-glucose hydrochloride; D- glucosamine chloride ;D- glucosamine monohydrochloride; D- glucosaminehydrochloride cas no:66-84-2

Granül Glukozamin Sülfat ;glucosamine HCl; D-glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-, hydrochloride (1:1); 2- deoxy-2-amino-D-glucose hydrochloride; D- glucosamine chloride ;D- glucosamine monohydrochloride; D- glucosaminehydrochloride cas no:66-84-2

Glutamic acid is one of the 20-22 proteinogenic amino acids, and its codons are GAA and GAG.
Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid.
The carboxylate anions and salts of Glutamic acid are known as glutamates.

CAS: 6899-05-4
MF: C5H9NO4
MW: 147.13

Glutamic acid is an optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration.
Glutamic acid has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a ferroptosis inducer and a neurotransmitter.
Glutamic acid is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a glutamic acid and a L-alpha-amino acid.
Glutamic acid is a conjugate acid of a L-glutamate(1-).
Glutamic acid is an enantiomer of a D-glutamic acid.
Glutamic acid is an amino acid used to form proteins.
In the body, Glutamic acid turns into glutamate.
This is a chemical that helps nerve cells in the brain send and receive information from other cells.

Glutamic acid may be involved in learning and memory.
Glutamic acid may help people with hypochlorhydria (low stomach acid) or achlorhydria (no stomach acid).
In neuro science, Glutamic acid is an important neuro transmitter that plays a key role in long-term potentiation and is important for learning and memory.
Glutamic acid is an alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.
Glutamic acid has a role as a fundamental metabolite.
Glutamic acid is an alpha-amino acid and a polar amino acid.
Glutamic acid contains a 2-carboxyethyl group.
Glutamic acid is a conjugate acid of a glutamate(1-).

Glutamic acid is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Glutamic acid is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use.
Glutamic acid is also the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system.
Glutamic acid serves as the precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABAergic neurons.

Glutamic acid's molecular formula is C5H9NO4.
Glutamic acid exists in three optically isomeric forms; the dextrorotatory l-form is usually obtained by hydrolysis of gluten or from the waste waters of beet-sugar manufacture or by fermentation.
Glutamic acid's molecular structure could be idealized as HOOC−CH(NH2)−(CH2)2−COOH, with two carboxyl groups −COOH and one amino group −NH2.
However, in the solid state and mildly acidic water solutions, the molecule assumes an electrically neutral zwitterion structure −OOC−CH(NH+3)−(CH2)2−COOH.
Glutamic acid is encoded by the codons GAA or GAG.

The acid can lose one proton from its second carboxyl group to form the conjugate base, the singly-negative anion glutamate −OOC−CH(NH+3)−(CH2)2−COO−.
This form of the compound is prevalent in neutral solutions.
The glutamate neurotransmitter plays the principal role in neural activation.
This anion creates the savory umami flavor of foods and is found in glutamate flavorings such as MSG.
In Europe Glutamic acid is classified as food additive E620.
In highly alkaline solutions the doubly negative anion −OOC−CH(NH2)−(CH2)2−COO− prevails.
The radical corresponding to glutamate is called glutamyl.

Glutamic acid, also known as L-glutamic acid or as glutamate, the name of its anion, is an alpha-amino acid.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
Glutamic acid is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Glutamic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals.

Glutamic acid is classified as an acidic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized via alanine or aspartic acid via alpha-ketoglutarate and the action of various transaminases.
Glutamic acid also plays an important role in the body's disposal of excess or waste nitrogen.
Glutamic acid undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase leading to alpha-ketoglutarate.
In many respects Glutamic acid is a key molecule in cellular metabolism.
Glutamic acid is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system.
At chemical synapses, Glutamic acid is stored in vesicles.

Nerve impulses trigger release of Glutamic acid from the pre-synaptic cell.
In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated.
Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, Glutamic acid is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain.
Glutamic acid transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes.
They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space.
In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells.
This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity.

The mechanisms of cell death include: Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes.
Excitotoxicity due to Glutamic acid occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease.
Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures.
Microinjection of Glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks.
This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to Glutamic acid release and further depolarization.

Glutamic acid was discovered in 1866 when it was extracted from wheat gluten (from where it got its name.
Glutamate has an important role as a food additive and food flavoring agent.
In 1908, Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda identified brown crystals left behind after the evaporation of a large amount of kombu broth (a Japanese soup) as glutamic acid.
These crystals, when tasted, reproduced a salty, savory flavor detected in many foods, most especially in seaweed.
Professor Ikeda termed this flavor umami.
He then patented a method of mass-producing a crystalline salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate.

Chemical Properties
The side chain carboxylic acid functional group has a pKa of 4.1 and therefore exists almost entirely in its negatively charged deprotonated carboxylate form at pH values greater than 4.1; therefore, it is negatively charged at physiological pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.

Uses
Glutamic acid is a moisture binder and an anti-oxidant. glutamic acid is an amino acid manufactured by means of fermentation, generally from a vegetable protein.
Glutamic Acid is an amino acid that is a white crystalline powder of slight solubility in water.
Glutamic acid is monosodium glutamate (msg) which functions as a flavor enhancer in meats.
Glutamic acid also is a nutrient, dietary supplement, and salt substitute.

Metabolism
Glutamic acid is a key compound in cellular metabolism.
In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serve as metabolic fuel for other functional roles in the body.
A key process in amino acid degradation is transamination, in which the amino group of an amino acid is transferred to an α-ketoacid, typically catalysed by a transaminase.

Neurotransmitter
Glutamic acid is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system.
At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles.
Nerve impulses trigger release of Glutamic acid from the pre-synaptic cell.
In the opposing post-synaptic cell, Glutamic acid receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated.
Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, glutamate is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain.
The form of plasticity known as long-term potentiation takes place at glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus, neocortex, and other parts of the brain.
Glutamic acid works not only as a point-to-point transmitter but also through spill-over synaptic crosstalk between synapses in which summation of glutamate released from a neighboring synapse creates extrasynaptic signaling / volume transmission.
Glutamic acid transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes .
They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space.
In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse, and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells.
This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity.

Brain nonsynaptic glutamatergic signaling circuits
Extracellular glutamate in Drosophila brains has been found to regulate postsynaptic glutamate receptor clustering, via a process involving receptor desensitization.
A gene expressed in glial cells actively transports glutamate into the extracellular space, while, in the nucleus accumbens-stimulating group II metabotropic glutamate receptors, this gene was found to reduce extracellular glutamate levels.
This raises the possibility that this extracellular glutamate plays an "endocrine-like" role as part of a larger homeostatic system.

Flavor enhancer
Glutamic acid, being a constituent of protein, is present in every food that contains protein, but it can only be tasted when Glutamic acid is present in an unbound form.
Significant amounts of free glutamic acid are present in a wide variety of foods, including cheese and soy sauce, and is responsible for umami, one of the five basic tastes of the human sense of taste.
Glutamic acid is often used as a food additive and flavour enhancer in the form of its salt, known as monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Nutrient
All meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and kombu are excellent sources of glutamic acid.
Some protein-rich plant foods also serve as sources.
Thirty to 35 % of the protein in wheat is glutamic acid.
Ninety-five percent of the dietary glutamate is metabolized by intestinal cells in a first pass.

Plant growth
Auxigro is a plant growth preparation that contains 30 % glutamic acid.

NMR spectroscopy
In recent years, there has been much research into the use of RDCs in NMR spectroscopy.
A glutamic acid derivative, poly-γ- benzyl-L-glutamate (PBLG), is often used as an alignment medium to control the scale of the dipolar interactions observed.

Pharmacology
The drug phencyclidine (more commonly known as PCP) antagonizes glutamic acid non-competitively at the NMDA receptor.
For the same reasons, dextromethorphan and ketamine also have strong dissociative and hallucinogenic effects.
Glutamic acid does not easily pass the blood brain barrier, but , instead, is transported by a high-affinity transport system.
Glutamic acid can also be converted into glutamine.

Synonyms
L-glutamic acid
GLUTAMIC ACID
56-86-0
L-glutamate
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid
Glutamidex
Glutaminol
H-Glu-OH
glutacid
Aciglut
glutaminic acid
L-Glutaminic acid
Glutamicol
Glutaton
(S)-Glutamic acid
Glusate
L-glu
L-(+)-glutamic acid
D-Glutamiensuur
alpha-aminoglutaric acid
Glutamic acid, L-
Acidum glutamicum
(S)-(+)-Glutamic acid
Acide glutamique
2-Aminoglutaric acid
Acidum glutaminicum
L-2-Aminoglutaric acid
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
25513-46-6
Acido glutamico
FEMA No. 3285
L-alpha-Aminoglutaric acid
Glutamic acid (H-3)
Glutamate, L-
alpha-Glutamic acid
glut
glutamate
Glutamic acid (VAN)
a-Glutamic acid
L-Glutaminsaeure
Glutamic acid, (S)-
Glutaminic acid (VAN)
CCRIS 7314
L-Acido glutamico
Pentanedioic acid, 2-amino-, (S)-
glu
a-Aminoglutaric acid
Glutamic Acid [USAN:INN]
AI3-18472
L-a-Aminoglutaric acid
Acide glutamique [INN-French]
Acido glutamico [INN-Spanish]
Acidum glutamicum [INN-Latin]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 374350
NSC 143503
alpha-Aminoglutaric acid (VAN)
Glutamic Acid (L-glutamic acid)
2-Aminopentanedioic acid, (S)-
aminoglutaric acid
EINECS 200-293-7
L-2-amino-pentanedioic acid
UNII-3KX376GY7L
3KX376GY7L
INS NO.620
DTXSID5020659
CHEBI:16015
Gamma-L-Glutamic Acid
INS-620
L-Glutamic acid (9CI)
C5H9NO4
NSC-143503
L(+)-Glutamic acid
E620
Glutamic acid, L-, peptides
DTXCID30659
HSDB 490
E 620
E-620
EC 200-293-7
Sodium Glutamate (L-glutamic Acid)
NCGC00024502-03
L-Glutamic acid (JAN)
(S)-2-AMINO-1,5-PENTANEDIOIC ACID
L-Glutamic acid-13C5
L-GLUTAMIC ACID [JAN]
Acido glutamico (INN-Spanish)
Acidum glutamicum (INN-Latin)
(2S)-2-aminopentanedioate
l glutamic acid
GLUTAMIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH)
GLUTAMIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
.alpha.-Glutamic acid
ALANINE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
ALANINE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
6899-05-4
glt
2-Amino-pentanedioic acid
LYSINE ACETATE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
LYSINE ACETATE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
1-amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
GLUTAMIC ACID [USAN]
55443-55-5
MFCD00002634
aminoglutarate
Gulutamine
alpha-Glutamate
a-Glutamate
L-gluatmate
a-Aminoglutarate
L-glutamic-acid
NSC143503
L-Glutamic adid
2-Aminoglutarate
Glutamate, L
1ftj
1xff
(S)-glutamate
Glutamic acid, L
L-a-Aminoglutarate
alpha-Aminoglutarate
Gulutamine (USP)
(L)-glutamic acid
H-Glu
L-Glutamic,(S)
L-(+)-Glutamate
L-alpha-Aminoglutarate
Glutamic acid (USP)
Tocris-0218
[3h]-l-glutamic acid
1ii5
Polyglutamic acid(PGA)
(+)-L-Glutamic acid
(S)-(+)-Glutamate
(S)-Glu
L-[14C(U)]glutamate
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioate
Biomol-NT_000170
D00ENY
GLUTAMIC ACID [MI]
L-Glutamic acid (JP17)
SCHEMBL2202
GLUTAMIC ACID [INN]
L-Glutamic acid, 98.5%
Lopac0_000529
S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid
GLUTAMIC ACID [INCI]
GLUTAMIC ACID [VANDF]
L-GLUTAMIC ACID [FCC]
BPBio1_001132
CHEMBL575060
GTPL1369
GLUTAMIC ACID [USP-RS]
GLUTAMIC ACID [WHO-DD]
L-GLUTAMIC ACID [FHFI]
L-Glutamic acid, 99%, FCC
BDBM17657
CHEBI:53374
Glutamic acid, L-(7CI,8CI)
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylate
(C5-H9-N-O4)x-
Glutamic acid, L- (7CI,8CI)
L (+)-glutamic acid, alpha-form
1-amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylate
138-16-9
L-Glutamic acid, non-animal source
Pentanedioic acid, 2-amino-, (S)
Tox21_113053
HB0383
HSCI1_000269
PDSP1_000128
PDSP1_001539
PDSP2_000127
PDSP2_001523
s6266
AKOS006238837
AKOS015854087
AM81690
CCG-204619
DB00142
LS-2330
SDCCGSBI-0050512.P002
CAS-56-86-0
NCGC00024502-01
NCGC00024502-02
NCGC00024502-04
NCGC00024502-07
(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid;H-Glu-OH
AC-11294
DS-13284
HY-14608
LS-71885
(S)-1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
(S)-1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
CS-0003473
G0059
EN300-52632
L-Glutamic acid, BioUltra, >=99.5% (NT)
L-Glutamic acid, tested according to Ph.Eur.
C00025
D00007
L-Glutamic acid, NIST(R)RM 8573, USGS40
M02979
M03872
Glutamic acid, L-; ((S)-(+)-Glutamic acid)
L-Glutamic acid, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
L-Glutamic acid, NIST(R) RM 8574, USGS41
A831210
Glutamic acid, L-; ((S)-(+)-Glutamic acid)
SR-01000597730
J-502415
L-Glutamic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99% (HPLC)
L-Glutamic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=99%
SR-01000597730-1
L-Glutamic acid, >=99%, FCC, natural sourced, FG
Q26995161
F8889-8668
Z756440052
27322E29-9696-49C1-B541-86BEF72DE2F3
Glutamic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
L-Glutamic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Glutamic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
L-Glutamic acid, from non-animal source, meets EP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-100.5%

Glutaric acid dialdehyde; Glutardialdehyde; Glutaral; 1,3-Diformylpropane; 1,5-Pentanedial; 1,5-Pentanedione; Glutaric aldehyde; Glutarol; Gluteraldehyde; Pentanedial; Sonacide; Aldehyd glutarowy; Aldesan; Ucarcide CAS:111-30-8

Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)3(CHO)2.
The molecule consists of a five carbon chain doubly terminated with formyl (CHO) groups.
Glutaraldehyde is usually used as a solution in water, and such solutions exists as a collection of hydrates, cyclic derivatives, and condensation products, several of which interconvert.


CAS Number: 111-30-8
EC Number: 203-854-4
MDL Number: MFCD00007025
Chemical formula: C5H8O2 / OHC(CH2)3CHO


Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.
Glutaraldehyde has a role as a cross-linking reagent, a disinfectant and a fixative.
Glutaraldehyde solution is a light yellow liquid.
Glutaraldehyde mixes with water.


Glutaraldehyde, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used to sterilize medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is an oily liquid at room temperature (density 1.06 g/mL), and miscible with water, alcohol, and benzene.
Monomeric glutaraldehyde can polymerize by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha,beta-unsaturated poly-glutaraldehyde.


This reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values.
Glutaraldehyde is colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a clear, viscous colorless liquid.
Glutaraldehyde is a light yellow liquid.


Glutaraldehyde is commercially available in aqueous solutions ranging from 2-50%
Because the molecule has two carbonyl group is reactive to primary amine groups (even as its hydrates), Glutaraldehyde can function as a crosslinking agent for any substance with primary amine groups and develop imine connected links.
Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)3(CHO)2.


The molecule consists of a five carbon chain doubly terminated with formyl (CHO) groups.
Glutaraldehyde is usually used as a solution in water, and such solutions exists as a collection of hydrates, cyclic derivatives, and condensation products, several of which interconvert.


Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.
Glutaraldehyde has a role as a cross-linking reagent, a disinfectant and a fixative.
Glutaraldehyde solution is a light yellow liquid.


Glutaraldehyde mixes with water.
Glutaraldehyde is a common fixative in biology.
Fixation occurs by crosslinking (creating covalent chemical bonds between proteins in/on cells).
Glutaraldehyde is similar to another common cross-linking fixative, PFA.


1,5 Pentanedial, also known as Glutaraldehyde or glutaral is an organic compound with the formula OCH(CH2)3CHO.
Being non-volatile and bifunctional, Glutaraldehyde is often preferred to the less expensive formaldehyde.
Glutaraldehyde reacts with amines, amides, and thiol groups in proteins.
Glutaraldehyde, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor.


Glutaraldehyde is an oily liquid at room temperature (density 1.06 g/mL), and miscible with water, alcohol, and benzene.
Glutaraldehyde is Colorless to yellowish liquid with a pungent fruity/medicinal odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a 5-25% aqueous solution.
Glutaraldehyde's Physical properties are based on a 25% solution.


Glutaraldehyde is miscible with water, ethanol, benzene, ether, acetone, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, isopropanol, n-hexane and toluene.
Glutaraldehyde is a slightly irritating odor of colorless or yellowish clear liquid, Glutaraldehyde is soluble in water and ether, ethanol and other organic solvents.


The free form of Glutaraldehyde in aqueous solution is not much, a large number of different forms of hydrate, and most of the ring structure of the hydrate form exists.
Glutaraldehyde is active in nature, easy to polymerize and oxidize, and will react with compounds containing active oxygen and nitrogen-containing compounds.


Because Glutaraldehyde has two carbonyl group is reactive to primary amine groups (even as its hydrates), Glutaraldehyde can function as a crosslinking agent for any substance with primary amine groups and develop imine connected link.
Colorless liquid with a pungent odor; Clear, viscous colorless liquid; Light yellow liquid; Colorless or light yellow liquid with a sharp pungent odor; Commercially available in aqueous solutions ranging from 2-50%


Glutaraldehyde is soluble in water and in organic solvents.
Solutions in water are stable for long periods of time.
Glutaraldehyde is colorless or yellowish clear and bright liquid with slight irritating smell, and can be dissolved in organic dissolvent such as water, ether and ethanol.


In water solution, Glutaraldehyde doesn't exist much in free state; instead, Glutaraldehyde makes appearance as hydrates with different forms and most of them are hydrates with annular structure.
Glutaraldehyde is reactive in property, and liable to polymerize and oxidize, which will react with compounds containing active oxygen and nitrogen.


The reaction of Glutaraldehyde with protein is mainly carried out between the carbonyl group of the former and the amino group of the latter.
Among the known aldehydes, Glutaraldehyde is one of the best cross-linking agents for proteins.
Glutaraldehyde has a small influence on the activity of enzyme, and most of enzymes can be fixed under controlled condition, to cross-link without losing their activity.


Contrbuting to its outstanding characteristics,Glutaraldehyde has drawn special concern from people and been put at broad application.
A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used to disinfect medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is an oily liquid at room temperature (density 1.06 g/mL), and miscible with water, alcohol, and benzene.


Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH2CHO)2.
Glutaraldehyde consists of a five carbon chain doubly terminated with formyl (CHO) groups.
Glutaraldehyde is usually used as a solution in water, and such solutions exists as a collection of hydrates, cyclic derivatives, and condensation products, several of which interconvert.


Because Glutaraldehyde has two carbonyl group is reactive to primary amine groups (even as its hydrates), Glutaraldehyde can function as a crosslinking agent for any substance with primary amine groups and develop imine connected link.
Glutaraldehyde is an extremely versatile disinfectant and biological tissue fixer.
Also know by its IUPAC name Glutaraldehyde, Glutaraldehyde is a clear, pungent, and oily liquid that is miscible in water.


Glutaraldehyde is highly reactive with amines, amides, and thiols present in amino acid side chains, and most of its uses can be attributed to Glutaraldehyde's excellent protein crosslinking abilities.
Glutaraldehyde, an aliphatic dialdehyde, is a highly reactive compound that has been isolated as a water-soluble oil and usually is stored as an aqueous solution to inhibit polymerization.


Unbuffered aqueous solutions of Glutaraldehyde are stable for long periods of time, have a mildly acid pH, a negligible odor, and are not potently antimicrobial.
When buffered to an alkaline pH of 7.5 to 8.0 with sodium bicarbonate, the Glutaraldehyde is activated; Glutaraldehyde has a strong pungent odor, and Glutaraldehyde's antimicrobial activity is greatly enhanced for periods of up to 14 days
Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH2CHO)2.


Glutaraldehyde is colorless or yellowish clear and bright liquid with slight irritating smell, and can be dissolved in organic dissolvent such as water, ether and ethanol.
In water solution, Glutaraldehyde doesn't exist much in free state; instead,it makes appearance as hydrates with different forms.and most of them are hydrates with annular structure.


Glutaraldehyde is reactive in property, and liable to polymerize and oxidize, which will react with compounds containing active oxygen and nitrogen.
The reaction of Glutaraldehyde with protein is mainly carried out between the carbonyl group of the former and the amino group of the latter.
Among the known aldehydes, Glutaraldehyde is one of the best cross-linking agents for proteins.


Glutaraldehyde has a small influence on the activity of enzyme, and most of enzymes can be fixed under controlled condition, to cross-link without losing their activity.
Contrbuting to Glutaraldehyde's outstanding characteristics, Glutaraldehyde has drawn special concern from people and been put at broad application.


Glutaraldehyde, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde or Glutaric Aldehyde or 1,5-Pentanodione is a dialdehyde of low irritant power and strong action, of wide antimicrobial spectrum, that works due to Glutaraldehyde's oxidizing and breaking down action on the cell walls.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
Crosslinking rigidifies and deactivates many biological functions, so in this way, Glutaraldehydesolutions are used as biocides and as fixative.
As a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a cross-linking agent for gelatin, poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyheptapeptides.
Glutaraldehyde is also used as a fixative for electron microscopy and as disinfectants.


Glutaraldehyde provides water resistance to protein and polyhydroxy compounds by reacting through cross linking.
Glutaraldehyde acts as an intermediate for the production of resins, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, photographic films and for stabilization of proteins on agarose beads, activation of polystyrene and glass for immobilization of antibodies and antigens and coupling peptides onto carrier proteins.


Glutaraldehyde is a preservative with biological spectrum including gram +/- bacteria – aerobic, anaerobic and sulfate-reducing, yeast and some fungi.
Glutaraldehyde is used in shampoo, conditioner, shower gel, liquid soap and raw materials.
Glutaraldehyde offers characteristics such as no formaldehyde and high salt tolerance.


Glutaraldehyde offers compatibility with charged-, uncharged surfactants and other preservatives.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25% in water, is primarily for use as a protein cross-linking agent.
In the laboratory, glutaraldehyde solution is commonly used as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and as a disinfectant for medical equipment.


Glutaraldehyde may effectively crosslink amine and hydrazine derivatives to proteins and other amine-containing polymers; biotin hydrazides have been directly coupled to nucleic acids with glutaraldehyde in a reaction that is potentially useful for conjugating fluorescent hydrazides and hydroxylamines to DNA.


Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment.
For example, Glutaraldehyde is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, waste water treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, in fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials.


Glutaraldehyde may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is employed as an embalming fluid, is a component of leather tanning solutions, and occurs as an intermediate in the production of certain industrial chemicals.


Glutaraldehyde is frequently used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker.
The oligomeric state of proteins can be examined through this application.
A glutaraldehyde solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used for system disinfection and as a preservative for long term storage.
Glutaraldehyde is used in biological electron microscopy as a fixative.


Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins and is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilise cell and organelle membrane lipids.
Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedment in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.


Glutaraldehyde is also used in SDS-PAGE to fix proteins and peptides prior to staining.
Typically, a gel is treated with a 5% solution for approximately one half hour, after which Glutaraldehyde must be thoroughly washed to remove the yellow stain brought about by reacting with free tris.
Glutaraldehyde has been a high-level disinfectant for over 50 years.


As a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to eliminate harmful microorganisms on surgical instruments and has other uses as a fixative or preservative in other parts of a healthcare facility.
Glutaraldehyde is used in hospitals and medical and dental offices in solutions for cold sterilization and automatic processing of x-rays.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in histology and microscopy, chemical intermediate, embalming fluid, biocide (cosmetics, water treatment, oilfield, and fish farming applications), disinfectant, cross-linking agent, leather tanning agent, gelatine hardening agent, and keratolytic.


Glutaraldehyde is used as an antimicrobial agent in agricultural, food handling, commercial, industrial, residential, public, and medical environments.
Glutaraldehyde is also used as materials preservative (cleansers, adhesives, paper, water based coatings, latex paints, inks, dyes, concrete admixtures, and reverse osmosis membranes) and in industrial processes and water systems treatment (recirculating and waste-water water systems, drilling muds, oil and gas storage systems, paper mills, and metalworking fluids).


Glutaraldehyde is used in a variety of applications, including disinfection and sanitization.
Glutaraldehyde-containing formulations address the needs of a variety of industries due to its strong efficacy across a broad pH range.
Crosslinking rigidifies and deactivates many biological functions, so in this way, Glutaraldehyde solutions are used as biocides and as fixative.


As a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments.
Glutaraldehyde is used as Disinfectant for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized
Glutaraldehyde is used as A cross-linking and tanning agent
Glutaraldehyde is used as A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines


Glutaraldehyde is used as An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems
Glutaraldehyde is used as A slimicide in paper manufacturing
Glutaraldehyde is used as A preservative in cosmetics
Glutaraldehyde is used as A disinfectant in animal housing


Glutaraldehyde is used as A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs
Glutaraldehyde is used as A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
Glutaraldehyde is used as In embalming solutions
Glutaraldehyde is used as In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses


Glutaraldehyde is used as In various clinical applications
Glutaraldehyde may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids.
Glutaraldehyde also used for undersea pipes to protect against corrosion.


Another application for treatment of proteins with Glutaraldehyde is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines.
Glutaraldehyde is also used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis under the control of dermatologists.
In people who have frequent sweating but do not respond to aluminum chloride.


Glutaraldehyde solution is an effective agent to treat palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis as an alternative to tannic acid and formaldehyde.
Veterinary uses: Glutaraldehyde diluted with water is often sold as alternative to carbon dioxide gas injection for aquarium plants.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly also used by aquarists in low doses as an algaecide.
Glutaraldehyde is used to disinfect medical and dental equipment.


Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is used to reduce degradation in cells, tissues, and entire organisms before further experiments like electron microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is used to fix specimen before electron microscopy where Glutaraldehyde is employed alone or mixed with polymethanal (paraformaldehyde) as the first of 2 fixations followed by osmium tetroxide.


Glutaraldehyde is used as an amine cross-linker.
Glutaraldehyde is used in SDS-PAGE to fix/crosslink proteins and peptides prior to staining.
Gels are treated with a 5% solution for ~30 min, after which it must be thoroughly washed to remove the yellow stain brought about by reacting with free Tris.


Alternatively, gels can be washed before fixation.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.
At room temperature Glutaraldehyde is a pungent colourless oily liquid and is mainly available as an aqueous solution of 50% concentration.
A Glutaraldehyde solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used as a biocide for system disinfection and as a preservative for long term storage.


Glutaraldehyde is a sterilant, killing endospores in addition to many microorganisms and viruses.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used to sterilize medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy.


Glutaraldehyde is employed as an embalming fluid, is a component of leather tanning solutions, and occurs as an intermediate in the production of certain industrial chemicals.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is frequently used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker.


The oligomeric state of proteins can be examined through this application.
Monomeric Glutaraldehyde can polymerize by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha,beta-unsaturated poly-Glutaraldehyde.
This reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values.
A Glutaraldehyde solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used for system disinfection and as a preservative for long term storage.


Glutaraldehyde is used in biological electron microscopy as a fixative.
Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins and is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilise cell and organelle membrane lipids.


Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedment in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.
Glutaraldehyde is also used in SDS-PAGE to fix proteins and peptides prior to staining.
Typically, a gel is treated with a 5% solution for approximately one half hour, after which it must be thoroughly washed to remove the yellow stain brought about by reacting with free tris.


Glutaraldehyde is claimed that it provides a bioavailable source of carbon for higher plants that is not available to algae.
Glutaraldehyde is used for cross-linking proteins and polyhydroxy materials.
Also Glutaraldehyde is used as a fixative for tissues and as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker.


Glutaraldehyde is also used in coupling reaction of biotin hydrazides to nucleic acids which is useful for conjugating fluorescent hydrazides and hydroxylamines to DNA and for stabilization ofproteins on agarose beads,activation of polystyrene and glass, for immobilization of antibodies and antigens.
Glutaraldehyde is a disinfectant, which is rapidly effective against vegetative forms of Gram-positiveand Gram-negative bacteria.


Glutaraldehyde is used in hospitals and medical and dental offices in solutions for cold sterilization and automatic processing of x-rays.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in histology and microscopy, chemical intermediate, embalming fluid, biocide (cosmetics, water treatment, oilfield, and fish farming applications), disinfectant, cross-linking agent, leather tanning agent, gelatine hardening agent, and keratolytic.


Glutaraldehyde is used as an antimicrobial agent in agricultural, food handling, commercial, industrial, residential, public, and medical environments.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a fungicide, also used for leather tanning.


Also Glutaraldehyde is used as materials preservative (cleansers, adhesives, paper, water based coatings, latex paints, inks, dyes, concrete admixtures, and reverse osmosis membranes) and in industrial processes and water systems treatment (recirculating and waste-water water systems, drilling muds, oil and gas storage systems, paper mills, and metalworking fluids).
The largest single use of Glutaraldehyde is as an antimicrobial, bactericide, fungicide and a virucide.


Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize hospital and veterinary equipment, and to disinfect surfaces in hospitals, veterinary hospitals, nursing homes, and food processing plants.
Glutaraldehyde is used to prevent bacterial growth in water supplies for washing air, cooler systems, logging ponds, and pulp and paper water systems.


Smaller uses are as an embalming fluid, as a fixative for tissues, for film processing and leather tanning.
Glutaraldehyde is used as bactericide, disinfector, tanning agent, widely used in petroleum development, leather treatment, food, plastics, coatings etc.


Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant, as an intermediate in classical synthesis of pseudopelleterine, as a tanning agent in leather, and in the sterilization of endoscopic instruments, dental and barber equipment, thermometers, rubber or plastic equipment which cannot be heat sterilized.
Glutaraldehyde is used also as embalming fluid, in electron microscopy. Hardener for photographic gelatin.


Glutaraldehyde, Pharmacological agent used for hyperhidrosis and antifungal purposes and for treatment of warts and some bullous diseases as well as herpes infections.
Glutaraldehyde contains 5% sorbitan sesquioleate as emulsifier.
Glutaraldehyde is used as an antimicrobial agent in sugar mills and as a fixing agent in the immobilisation of glucose isomerase enzyme preparations for use in the manufacture of high fructose corn syrup.


Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments.
Glutaraldehyde known as polycycloglutaracetal used as a fertilizer for aquatic plants.


It is claimed that Glutaraldehyde provides a bioavailable source of carbon for higher plants that is not available to algae.
Though not marketed as such due to federal regulations, the biocidal effect of Glutaraldehyde kills most algae at concentrations of 0.5 - 5.0 ppm.
These levels are not harmful to most aquatic fauna and flora.


Adverse reactions have been observed by some aquarists at these concentrations in some aquatic mosses, liverworts, and vascular plants.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is used as bactericide, disinfector, tanning agent, widely used in petroleum development, leather treatment, food, plastics, coatings etc.


Glutaraldehyde is also employed as an embalming fluid, is a component of leather tanning solutions, and occurs as an intermediate in the production of certain industrial chemicals.
Crosslinking rigidifies and deactivates many biological functions, so in this way, Glutaraldehyde solutions are used as biocides and as fixative.


Glutaraldehyde is frequently used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker.
The oligomeric state of proteins can be examined through this application.
A pungent colorless oily liquid, Glutaraldehyde is used to disinfect medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly also used by aquarists in low doses as an algaecide.


Glutaraldehyde is applied as a disinfectant for heat-sensitive medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde’s biocidal properties are also utilized for industrial water treatment, hydraulic fracking, and as a topical wart treatment.
Glutaraldehyde is a preferred fixing agent for biological tissues, since it is nonvolatile, and is widely used for leather tanning, embalming, creation of toxoid vaccines, or preparing cell specimens for electron microscopy.


Glutaraldehyde is also used to fix certain enzymes during the production of high fructose corn syrup.
Glutaraldehyde is widely used in embalming; in the manufacture of adhesives, sealants, and electrical products; as a cross-linking agent for proteins and polyhydroxy compounds; in microcapsules containing flavoring agents; and as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy, the paper and leather tanning industries, and x-ray film developing solutions.


Glutaraldehyde is also used as a sterilizing agent for plastics, rubber, thermometers, lenses, and other surgical, dental, and hospital equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is an effective sporicidal agent, requiring about 3 h for an almost complete kill of spores as well as gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses.


Glutaraldehyde has been used in surgical procedures including colonic anastomoses and dental pulpotomies.
Glutaraldehyde solutions (5-25%) are used clinically to treat skin disorders, including warts, hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating of the hands or soles of the feet), herpes simplex, and herpes zoster, and in the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses.


The preservative and antimicrobial properties of Glutaraldehyde have found broad application in cosmetic, toiletry, and chemical specialty products because of Glutaraldehyde's water solubility and usefulness in systems containing secondary or tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, or protonated amines.
Glutaraldehyde solutions often are used as cell and tissue fixatives in biochemical experiments during space-shuttle flights.


Glutaraldehyde diluted with water is often sold as alternative to carbon dioxide gas injection for aquarium plants.
A pungent colorless oily liquid, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilise medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde, 2%, solution is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative prior to SDS-PAGE, staining, or electron microscopy.


Glutaraldehyde is a disinfectant, medication, preservative, and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde is widely used for oil production, medical care, bio-chemical, leather treatment, tanning agents, protein cross-linking agent; in the preparation of heterocyclic compounds; also used for plastics, adhesives, fuels, perfumes, textile, paper making, printing; corrosion prevention of instruments and cosmetics etc.


Glutaraldehyde is used as Disinfectant for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized
Glutaraldehyde is used as A cross-linking and tanning agent
Glutaraldehyde is used as A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines
Glutaraldehyde is used as An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems


Glutaraldehyde is used as A slimicide in paper manufacturing
Glutaraldehyde is used as A preservative in cosmetics
Glutaraldehyde is used as A disinfectant in animal housing
Glutaraldehyde is used as A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs


Glutaraldehyde is used as A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
Glutaraldehyde is used as In embalming solutions
Glutaraldehyde is used as In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
Glutaraldehyde is used as In various clinical applications


Glutaraldehyde is used as Disinfectant, biocide, tissue fixative, medicine (wart treatment); component of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) fluid.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a medication, preservative, disinfectant and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde is used to disinfect the surgical instruments as well as other items of hospitals.
Glutaraldehyde which is also utilized as a cold sterilant that can disinfect as well as clean heat-sensitive medical, dental and surgical equipment.


Glutaraldehyde is used for the sectors of chemical Processing, Gas and Oil.
Glutaraldehyde is a sort of corrosion inhibitor that can be used in several industrial and processing applications.
A pungent colorless oily liquid, Glutaraldehyde from our end is used to sterilize medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a preservative.


The use of Glutaraldehyde is particularly recommended in the Biosafety Ruls of the National Health Department and in almost all the Reglamentations on the subject in the work.
Glutaraldehyde is also recommended by almost all the manufacturers of endoscopic instruments, for their disinfection of high level and/or sterilization.


In neutral or slightly alkaline environments, this product develops its peak of efficacy, killing Gram + bacteria, Gram - bacteria, fungus, lipophilic virus, microbacteria, and even bacterial spores.
Moreover, when the product is activated, the medium and the stabilizing and oxidizing additives of it, provides the product longer shelf life to surgical instruments in general, prevents drying and cracking of plastic and rubber materials, as well as the corrosion of the low quality stainless steel materials.


Glutaraldehyde is a potent antimicrobial/sterilant used to disinfect equipment, surfaces, and laundry in the health care and cosmetology industries.
Glutaraldehyde is used in leather treatments, chemical syntheses, x-ray film developers, paper manufacture and paper finishes, and as a preservative in paints and art paints.


Glutaraldehyde is used as an embalming fluid and in many biochemical applications such as tissue fixative in electron microscopy and as an aminereactive homobifunctional crosslinker.
Glutaraldehyde is mainly used in the high performance disinfection and/or sterilization of elements that cannot be disinfected and/or sterilized through conventional ways (vapor, dry heat, radiation, etc.).


-Application Areas of Glutaraldehyde:
*Disinfectant Chemical
*Water Treatment Chemical
*Pharmaceutical Chemical
*Biocides


-Biochemistry:
Glutaraldehyde is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins.
Glutaraldehyde is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.


-Glutaraldehyde is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment.
For example, Glutaraldehyde is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, waste water treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, in fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials.


-Material Science:
In material science Glutaraldehyde application areas vary from polymers to metals and biomaterials.
Glutaraldehyde commonly used as fixing agent before characterization of biomaterials for microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is a powerfull crosslinking agent for many polymers contain primer amine groups.
Crosslinking with Glutaraldehyde can be used for a polymeric mixture or also can we used as interlinking agent between two different polymeric layers, and an interlinking agent to improve the adhesion force between two polymeric coatings.


-Dermatological uses of Glutaraldehyde:
As a medication Glutaraldehyde is used to treat plantar warts.
For this purpose, a 10% w/v solution is used.
Glutaraldehyde dries the skin, facilitating physical removal of the wart.


-Medical:
*Clinical uses:
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant and medication.
Usually applied as a solution, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.


-Biochemistry:
Glutaraldehyde is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins. It is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids.


-Material Science:
In material science glutaraldehyde application areas range from polymers to metals and biomaterials.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly used as fixing agent before characterization of biomaterials for microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is a powerful crosslinking agent for many polymers containing primer amine groups.
Glutaraldehdye also can be used for an interlinking agent to improve the adhesion force between two polymeric coatings.
Glutaraldehyde is also used to protect against corrosion of undersea pipes.


-Clinical uses of Glutaraldehyde:
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant and medication.
Applied as a solution, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.


-Dermatological uses of Glutaraldehyde:
As a medication Glutaraldehyde is used to treat plantar warts.
For this purpose, a 10% w/v solution is used.
Glutaraldehyde dries the skin, facilitating physical removal of the wart.
Glutaraldehyde is also used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis under the control of dermatologists.
In people who have frequent sweating but do not respond to aluminum chloride.
Glutaraldehyde solution is an effective agent to treat palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis as an alternative to tannic acid and formaldehyde.


-Use in the Aquarium Hobby:
Glutaraldehyde diluted with water is often sold as alternative to carbon dioxide gas injection for aquarium plants.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly also used by aquarists in low doses as an algaecide.


-Glutaraldehyde is used in the health care field as a chemical disinfectant, and, in x-ray film processing.
Of special interest are the areas where it is used as:
*an ingredient in X-ray developers,
*a tissue fixative in the biochemistry of cells and electron microscopy, and an embalming agent.
*Alkaline glutaraldehyde is widely used in cold sterilization of medical, surgical and dental equipment.


-Glutaraldehyde is used for a number of applications:
*Disinfectant for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized
*A cross-linking and tanning agent
*A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines
*An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems
*A slimicide in paper manufacturing
*A preservative in cosmetics
*A disinfectant in animal housing
*A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs
*A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
*In embalming solutions
*In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
*In various clinical applications


-How is Glutaraldehyde Used in Healthcare Facilities?
Glutaraldehyde is used as a cold sterilant to disinfect a variety of heat-sensitive instruments, such as endoscopes, dialysis equipment, and more.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a high-level disinfectant for those surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized.


-Glutaraldehyde is used for several applications in healthcare facilities:
*Disinfectant and sterilization of surfaces and equipment
*A tissue fixative in pathology labs
*A hardening agent used to develop X-rays
*For the preparation of grafts



PROPERTIES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Glutaraldehyde is a potent, cross-linking fixative
-bridges larger distances than PFA
-crosslinks are irreversible unlike those of PFA
-larger molecule than methanal from PFA & therefore slower
-penetration into tissue
-causes more autofluorescence than PFA.



PRODUCTION AND REACTIONS of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
PRODUCTION:
Glutaraldehydeis produced industrially by the catalytic oxidation of cyclopentene by hydrogen peroxide, which can be achieved in the presence of various tungstic acid-based heteropoly acid catalysts.
This reaction essentially mimics ozonolysis.
Alternatively it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.


REACTIONS:
Like other dialdehydes, (e.g., glyoxal) and simple aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde), Glutaraldehyde hydrates in aqueous solution, forming gem-diols.
These diols in turn equilibrate with cyclic hemiacetal.
Monomeric Glutaraldehyde polymerizes by aldol condensation and Michael reactions yielding alpha, beta-unsaturated poly-Glutaraldehyde and related oligomers.
This reaction occurs at alkaline pH values.

A number of mechanisms have been invoked to explain the biocidal and fixative properties of Glutaraldehyde.
Like many other aldehydes, Glutaraldehyde reacts with primary amines and thiol groups, which are common functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids and polymeric materials.
Being bi-functional, Glutaraldehyde is a crosslinker, which rigidifies macromolecular structures and shuts down their reactivity.
The aldehyde groups in Glutaraldehyde are susceptible to formation of imines by reaction with the amines of lysine and nucleic acids.
The derivatives from aldol condensation of pairs of Glutaraldehyde also undergo imine formation.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of Glutaraldehyde:
*Short-chain aldehydes
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS of Glutaraldehyde:
*Alpha-hydrogen aldehyde
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Short-chain aldehyde
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
Chemical formula: C5H8O2
Molar mass: 100.117
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: pungent
Density: 1.06 g/mL
Melting point: −14 °C (7 °F; 259 K)
Boiling point: 187 °C (369 °F; 460 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible, reacts
Vapor pressure: 17 mmHg (20°C)[2]
Molecular Weight: 100.12
XLogP3-AA: -0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 100.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 100.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 51.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting Point: -15 °C
Boiling Point: 189.0±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 66.0±16.8 °C
Molecular Formula: C5H8O2
Molecular Weight: 100.116
Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Physical Form: Liquid
Melting Point: -5°C
Boiling Point: 100°C
Density: 1.060g/cm³
Packaging: Glass Bottle
Vapor Pressure: 16.4mmHg at 20°C
Quantity: 4 L
Assay Percent Range: 24.0 to 26.5 %
Linear Formula: HC(O)(CH2)3CHO
Merck Index: 15, 4508
Formula Weight: 100.12


Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 104.08373g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.08373g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 25.3
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Physical State: Liquid
Color/Form: Viscous, oily liquid, Colorless
Boiling Point: 239℃
Melting Point: -16℃
Flash Point: 135 °C
Solubility: Miscible with water;
Soluble in water;
Miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate.
Soluble in ether (25 °C) 11% w/w.
Limited solubility in benzene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, petroleum ether, heptane.
Soluble in alcohols, acetone, and relatively insoluble in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

Density: 0.9941 g/cm cu at 20 °C; 0.9858 g/cm cu at 25 °C
Appearance: Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid
H-Bond Donor: 2
H-Bond Acceptor: 2
Vapor Pressure: 0.00 mmHg;3.90X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Viscosity: 128 mPa.s at 20 °C
Refractive Index: Index of refraction: 1.4499 at 20 °C
Heat of Vaporization: 82.4 kJ/mol at 25 °C
Decomposition: When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Other Experimental:
Henry's Law constant = 3.1X10-7atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.3X10-11 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.00500 to 1.01100 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.363 to 8.413

Refractive Index: 1.43000 to 1.43600 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 188.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.600000 mmHg @ 30.00 °C.
Flash Point: > 300.00 °F. TCC ( > 148.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): -0.180 (est)
Shelf Life: 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store under nitrogen.
Storage: refrigerate in tightly sealed containers. store under nitrogen.
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 1.672e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Melting point: -10 °C
Boiling point: 101 °C
Density: 1.06
vapor density: 0.8 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.0203 hPa at 20 °C
form: Liquid
color: Yellow
Specific Gravity: 0.918 to 1.123
Odor: Sharp, fruity, medicinal

PH Range: 3.1 - 4.5
Water Solubility: Soluble in water
Min. Purity Spec: ca. 50% in Water, ca. 5.6mol/L
Physical Form (at 20°C): Liquid
Melting Point: -5°C
Boiling Point: 100°C
Density: 1.06
Refractive Index: 1.373
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -6 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 100,5 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable


Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: > 3,0 at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0,27 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 0,8

Formula: C5H8O2
Formula mass: 100.12
Melting point, °C: -10
Boiling point, °C: 101
Vapor pressure, mmHg: 0.6 (25 C)
Vapor density (air=1): 0.8
Evaporization number: 0.9 (butyl acetate=1)
Critical temperature: 360
Critical pressure: 41.1
Density: 1.014 g/cm3 (20 C)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Surface tension: Refractive index: 1.43 (20 C)
Partition coefficient, pKow: -0.34
Heat of vaporization: 42.5 kJ/mol

Molar mass: 100.117
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: pungent
Density: 1.06 g/mL
Melting point: −14 °C (7 °F; 259 K)
Boiling point: 187 °C (369 °F; 460 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible, reacts
Vapor pressure: 17 mmHg (20°C)
Molecular Weight: 100.12
XLogP3-AA: -0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 100.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 100.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,40 mm
Break through time: > 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: > 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Pentanedial
Glutaraldehyde
Glutardialdehyde
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaric dialdehyde
1,5-Pentanedial
glutaraldehyde
Pentanedial
Glutaral
111-30-8
Glutaric dialdehyde
Cidex
1,5-Pentanedial
Sonacide
Glutardialdehyde
Pentane-1,5-dial
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaraldehyd
Glutaralum
Glutarol
Ucarcide
Aldesan
Alhydex
Hospex
1,3-Diformylpropane
Gluteraldehyde
1,5-Pentanedione
Aldesen
Novaruca
Sporicidin
Sterihyde L
Aldehyd glutarowy
NCI-C55425
Glutaclean
Sterihyde
Aqucar
Veruca-sep
Relugan GT
Relugan GTW
component of Cidex
Glutarex 28
NSC 13392
Sonacide (TN)
Cidex 7
Ucarcide 250
Relugan GT 50
Sterihyde L (TN)
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
NSC-13392
Glutaral (JAN/USP/INN)
Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
CHEBI:64276
T3C89M417N
1, 5-Pentanedial
MFCD00007025
NCGC00091110-01
DSSTox_CID_5355
DSSTox_RID_77761
DSSTox_GSID_25355
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 25%
Caswell No. 468
Glutaraldehyde solution
1,3-Diformyl propane
Diswart
Gludesin
Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial
Polyglutaraldehyde
CAS-111-30-8
Poly(glutaraldehyde)
CCRIS 3800
HSDB 949
EINECS 203-856-5
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 043901
Glutaric dialdehyde solution
BRN 0605390
pentandial
Dioxopentane
Glutural
Ucarset
Verucasep
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~25% in H2O
Virsal
UNII-T3C89M417N
Glutaral(usan)
glutaric dihydride
GLUTARALDEHYDE, 25% SOLN
Glutaral concentrate
Bactron K31
Ucarcide 225
Glutaraldehyde solution (50% or less)
Pentanedial, homopolymer
pentane-1,5-dialdehyde
Protectol GDA, GT 50
SCHEMBL836
WLN: VH3VH
GLUTARAL [WHO-DD]
EC 203-856-5
GLUTARALDEHYDE [MI]
Pentane-1,5-dial solution
GLUTARALDEHYDE [FCC]
4-01-00-03659 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0299
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 50%
CHEMBL1235482
DTXSID6025355
AMY3308
Bio1_000462
Bio1_000951
Bio1_001440
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25% w/w
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50% w/w
Glutaraldehyde solution, 70% w/w
NSC13392
STR01121
ZINC1729593
Tox21_111083
Tox21_201742
Tox21_303295
STL281872
AKOS008967285
DB03266
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25%sol. In water
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25% sol. in water
NCGC00091110-02
NCGC00091110-03
NCGC00257231-01
NCGC00259291-01
GLUTARAL CONCENTRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25 wt. % in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O
FT-0626730
G0067
G0068
EN300-18037
D01120
Glutaraldehyde solution, for synthesis, 25.0%
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade II, 25% in H2O
A802339
Q416475
Glutaraldehyde solution, for in vitro diagnostic use
Q-201162
Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O, FCC
Z57127529
F2191-0161
Glutaraldehyde solution, SAJ first grade, 20.0-26.0%
Glutaraldehyde solution, technical, ~25% in H2O (2.6 M)
Glutaraldehyde solution, technical, ~50% in H2O (5.6 M)
Glutaraldehyde solution, 1.2 % (w/v) glutaraldehyde in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~50% in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~8% in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50% in H2O, suitable for photographic applications
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 25% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 50% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 70% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 8% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use
UN2810
glutaraldehyde
Pentanedial
Glutaral
Glutaric dialdehyde
Cidex
Glutardialdehyde
1,5-Pentanedial
Sonacide
Glutaric aldehyde
Pentane-1,5-dial
Glutaraldehyd
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaralum
Glutarol
Ucarcide
Aldesan
Alhydex
Hospex
1,3-Diformylpropane
Gluteraldehyde
1,5-Pentanedione
Aldesen
Novaruca
Sporicidin
Aldehyd glutarowy
NCI-C55425
Glutaclean
Sterihyde
Aqucar
Veruca-sep
Sterihyde L
Relugan GT
Relugan GTW
component of Cidex
Glutarex 28
NSC 13392
Sonacide (TN)
Cidex 7
Ucarcide 250
UNII-T3C89M417N
Relugan GT 50
Sterihyde L (TN)
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
Glutaral (JAN/USP/INN)
Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
CHEBI:64276
T3C89M417N
1, 5-Pentanedial
NSC-13392
NCGC00091110-01
DSSTox_CID_5355
DSSTox_RID_77761
DSSTox_GSID_25355
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 25%
Caswell No. 468
Glutaraldehyde solution
1,3-Diformyl propane
Diswart
Gludesin
Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial
Polyglutaraldehyde
Poly(glutaraldehyde)
CCRIS 3800
HSDB 949
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 043901
BRN 0605390
pentandial
Dioxopentane
Glutural
Ucarset
Verucasep
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~25% in H2O
Virsal
Glutaral(usan)
glutaric dihydride
GLUTARALDEHYDE, 25% SOLN
Glutaral concentrate
Bactron K31
Ucarcide 225
Glutaraldehyde solution (50% or less)
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25% in water
Pentanedial, homopolymer
pentane-1,5-dialdehyde
Glutaral, INN, USAN
Protectol GDA, GT 50
SCHEMBL836
WLN: VH3VH
BIDD:ER0299
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 50%
CHEMBL1235482
DTXSID6025355
AMY3308
Bio1_000462
Bio1_000951
Bio1_001440
NSC13392
STR01121
ZINC1729593
Tox21_111083
Tox21_201742
Tox21_303295
STL281872
AKOS008967285
DB03266
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25%sol. In water
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25% sol. in water
NCGC00091110-02
NCGC00091110-03
NCGC00257231-01
NCGC00259291-01
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25 wt. % in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O
FT-0626730
G0067
G0068
EN300-18037
D01120
Glutaraldehyde solution, for synthesis, 25.0%
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade II, 25% in H2O
A802339
Q416475
Glutaraldehyde solution, for in vitro diagnostic use
Q-201162
Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O, FCC
F2191-0161
Pentanedial
1,5-Pentanedial
5-Oxopentanal
Aldesan
Banicide
Biomate 743
Cidex
Cidex 7
Cidex-Dialyzer
Cidexplus
Cleancide 275
Diglutaric Aldehyde
Eimaldehyde
Floperm 665X1
Formula H
Glu-Cid
Glutaclean
Glutaral
Glutardialdehyde
Glutarex 28
Glutaric Acid Dialdehyde
Glutaric Dialdehyde
Glutohyde
Hospex
KS 02
Kcide 850
Maxicide Plus
Metricide Plus
NSC 13392
Panavirocide
Piror 850
Relugan GT
Relugan GT 50
Relugan GTW
Sonacide
Sporicidin
Sterihyde
Sterihyde L
Sterisol S
Surcide G 50
T 352
Ucarcide 250
Wavicide 01
glutaraldehyde
glutaric dialdehyde
1,5-pentanedione
glutardialdehyde
glutaclean
glutaral
glutaric acid dialdehyde
glutarex 28
pentanedial
Glutaraldehyde Solution BP
Pentanedial
1,5-Pentanedial
glutaraldehyde sol,F. E. M.,~50% in H2O
glutaraldehyde sol,for E. M.,~25% in H2O
glutaraldehyde grade I
glutaraldehyde 50% aqueous solution*photographic
glutaraldehyde grade I 50% aqueous*solution
glutaraldehyde grade I 70% aqueous*solution
Glutaraldehyde, 25% Aqueous Solution
Glutaraldehyde 50% solution
Glutarldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaraldehyde disinfectant
1,3-Diformylpropane
1,5-Pentanedial
1,5-Pentanedione
Aldehyd glutarowy
Aldesan
Aldesen
Alhydex
Aqucar
Cidex
Cidex 7
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
component of Cidex
Glutaclean
Glutaral
Glutaraldehyd
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaraldehyde solution
Glutaralum
Glutardialdehyde
Glutarex 28
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaric dialdehyde
Glutarol
Gluteraldehyde
Hospex
Novaruca
Pentane-1,5-dial
Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
Relugan GT
Relugan GT 50
Relugan GTW
Sonacide
Sporicidin
Sterihyde
Ucarcide
Ucarcide 250
Veruca-sep
BRN 0605390
CASWELL NO. 468
CCRIS 3800
EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE 043901
HSDB 949
NCI-C55425
NSC 13392
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaric dialdehyde
Pentanedial
1,3-diformylpropane
1,5-Pentanedial
Glutaric Aldehyde
Glutaric Acid Dialdehyde
Alhydex
Cidex
Dioxopentane
Glutaral
Glutardialdehyde
Glutarol
Sporicidin
Ucarcide
Veruca-sep
Gluteraldehyde
1,5-pentanedione
potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
sonacide
Pentane-1,5-dial
Aldesan
Coldcide-25 microbiocide

GLUTARALDEHYDE %24 Glutaraldehyde %24 the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Glutaraldehyde %24 Skeletal formula of Glutaraldehyde %24 Ball-and-stick model of the Glutaraldehyde %24 molecule Glutaraldehyde %24 Infobox references Glutaraldehyde %24, sold under the brandname Cidex and Glutaral among others, is a disinfectant, medication, preservative, and fixative.[3][4][5][6] As a disinfectant, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas of hospitals.[3] As a medication, it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet.[4] Glutaraldehyde %24 is applied as a liquid.[3] Side effects include skin irritation.[4] If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde %24 is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.[3][7] Glutaraldehyde %24 is a dialdehyde.[8] It works by a number of mechanisms.[7] Glutaraldehyde %24 came into medical use in the 1960s.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.[11] Disinfection Glutaraldehyde %24 is used as a disinfectant and medication.[3][4][12] Usually applied as a solution, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.[3] Fixative Glutaraldehyde %24 is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative prior to SDS-PAGE, staining, or electron microscopy. It kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins. It is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde[13] as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells. A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids. Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedding in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.[citation needed] Another application for treatment of proteins with Glutaraldehyde %24 is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines, e.g., the pertussis (whooping cough) toxoid component in the Boostrix Tdap vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline.[14] In a related application, Glutaraldehyde %24 is sometimes employed in the tanning of leather and in embalming.[citation needed] Safety Side effects include skin irritation.[4] If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde %24 is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.[3][7] As a strong sterilant, Glutaraldehyde %24 is toxic and a strong irritant.[16] There is no strong evidence of carcinogenic activity.[17] Some occupations that work with this chemical have an increased risk of some cancers.[17] Mechanism of action A number of mechanisms have been invoked to explain the biocidal properties of Glutaraldehyde %24.[7] Like many other aldehydes, it reacts with amines and thiol groups, which are common functional groups in proteins. Being bi-function, it is also a potential crosslinker.[18] Production and reactions Synthesis of Glutaraldehyde %24 via the Diels-Alder reaction. Glutaraldehyde %24 is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene. Alternatively it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.[19] Like many other dialdehydes, (e.g., glyoxal) and simple aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde), Glutaraldehyde %24 converts in aqueous solution to various hydrates that in turn convert to other equilibrating species.[clarification needed][20][19] Monomeric Glutaraldehyde %24 polymerizes by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha, beta-unsaturated poly-Glutaraldehyde %24. This reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values.[medical citation needed] History and culture Glutaraldehyde %24 came into medical use in the 1960s.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[10] There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.[11] A Glutaraldehyde %24 solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used as a biocide for system disinfection and as a preservative for long-term storage. It is a sterilant, killing endospores in addition to many microorganisms and viruses.[21] As a biocide, Glutaraldehyde %24 is a component of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") fluid. It is included in the additive called Alpha 1427.[22] Bacterial growth impairs extraction of oil and gas from these wells. Glutaraldehyde %24 is pumped as a component of the fracturing fluid to inhibit microbial growth.[medical citation needed] Publisher Summary This chapter describes the biological uses and importance of Glutaraldehyde %24. The modern industrial production of the aldehyde involves a two-step synthesis from an interaction of acrolein with vinyl ethyl ether to produce an ethoxy dihydropyran that is then hydrolyzed with water to form Glutaraldehyde %24 and ethanol. Glutaraldehyde %24 is used in three major areas: (1) leather tanning, (2) sterilization and disinfection, and (3) tissue fixation for electron microscopy. This chapter is discusses the latter two of these subjects. Investigation of the effects of a number of fixatives on plant cells from the root tip of Phaseolus vulgaris both at the light- and electron microscopic levels, including Glutaraldehyde %24, osmium tetroxide, formaldehyde, acrolein, potassium dichromate, Clarke's fluid and chromic acid, acetic and water showed that Glutaraldehyde %24 was an excellent general fixative. The chapter discusses the recently introduced Glutaraldehyde %24-containing fixatives. Overview CAS No. 111-30-8 Glutaraldehyde %24, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor. Exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24 may cause the following symptoms: throat and lung irritation, asthma and difficulty breathing, dermatitis, nasal irritation, sneezing, wheezing, burning eyes, and conjunctivitis. Workers may be harmed from exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24. Workers can be exposed to Glutaraldehyde %24 through inhalation or skin contact. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done. Glutaraldehyde %24 is used for a number of applications: NIOSH recommends that employers use Hierarchy of Controls to prevent injuries. If you work in an industry that uses Glutaraldehyde %24, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheet for hazard information. Visit NIOSH’s page on Managing Chemical Safety in the Workplace to learn more about controlling chemical workplace exposures. The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24. Useful search terms for Glutaraldehyde %24 include “glutaric dialdehyde,” and “1,5-pentanedial.” Related NIOSH Resources NIOSHTIC-2 search results on Glutaraldehyde %24 A searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. Aldehydes, screening (No. 2539) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) Selected Publications NIOSH Skin Notation Profiles: Glutaraldehyde %24 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011-149 (2011) NIOSH Glutaraldehyde %24: Occupational Hazards in Hospitals DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-115. Provides information about the adverse health effects of Glutaraldehyde %24, describes how hospital workers can be exposed to Glutaraldehyde %24, and identifies control methods and work practices to prevent or reduce exposure. En Español NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 55: Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde and Malonaldehyde, and Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 91-112 Information about the potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of acetaldehyde and malonaldehyde, the chemical reactivity and mutagenicity of nine related aldehydes, and includes guidelines for minimizing can be exposed to Glutaraldehyde %24, and identifies control methods and work practices to prevent or reduce exposure. NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 55: Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde and Malonaldehyde, and Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 91-112 Information about the potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of acetaldehyde and malonaldehyde, the chemical reactivity and mutagenicity of nine related aldehydes, and includes guidelines for minimizing occupational exposures. NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS): Glutaraldehyde %24 Includes detailed information about toxic health effects and official exposure recommendations and standards for Glutaraldehyde %24. Related Resources Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ASTDR): Glutaraldehyde %24 ASTDR Toxciological Profile for Glutaraldehyde %24 ASTDR ToxGuide: Glutaraldehyde %24pdf icon FDA-Cleared Sterilants and High Level Disinfectantsexternal icon EPA Chemistry Dashboard: Glutaraldeydeexternal icon EPA: Reducing Ethylene Oxide and Glutaraldehyde %24 Usepdf iconexternal icon Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Best Practices for the Safe Use of Glutaraldehyde %24 in Health Careexternal icon OSHA Hospital eTool: Glutaraldehyde %24external icon OSHA Hazard Communicationexternal icon New Jersey Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets: Glutaraldehyde %24external icon International Resources European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): Glutaraldehyde %24external icon INCHEM-International Chemical Safety Data Card: Glutaraldehyde %24external icon Gestis Substance Databaseexternal icon OECD Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substancesexternal icon Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Screening Information Data Sets (SIDS): Glutaraldehyde %24external icon Glutaraldehyde %24 has been a high-level disinfectant for over 50 years. As a disinfectant, it is used to eliminate harmful microorganisms on surgical instruments and has other uses as a fixative or preservative in other parts of a healthcare facility. However, it can get into the air from its use as a disinfectant and employees and patients can be exposed to the chemical. Prolonged exposure to employees can become a problem. At CHT we provide solutions to maintain the health of your employees with environmental monitoring to ensure their well-being. We understand it's crucial to keep your employees safe and your healthcare facility compliant. In this article, we discuss the health effects and managing the chemical safety of Glutaraldehyde %24 in the workplace. Glutaraldehyde %24 How is Glutaraldehyde %24 Used in Healthcare Facilities? Glutaraldehyde %24 is used as a cold sterilant to disinfect a variety of heat-sensitive instruments, such as endoscopes, dialysis equipment, and more. It is used as a high-level disinfectant for those surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized. Glutaraldehyde %24 is used for several applications in healthcare facilities: There are risks associated with exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24. Occupational Hazards in Healthcare Facilities Glutaraldehyde %24 has been linked with a variety of health effects – ranging from mild to severe – including asthma, breathing difficulties, respiratory irritation, and skin rashes (Pryor, 1984; Crandall, 1987). "Rooms in which Glutaraldehyde %24 disinfection/sterilization is performed should be large enough to ensure the adequate dilution of vapor and should have a minimum air exchange rate of ten air exchanges per hour." [source] PPE protects workers against the hazards of using high-level disinfectants such as Glutaraldehyde %24. Regardless of the type of disinfectant used, facilities should use the proper PPE designed to protect their skin and eyes from contact. One of the earliest indications of the potential antimicrobial activity of Glutaraldehyde %24 came from the results of a survey of sporicidal activity of saturated dialdehydes in a search for an efficient substitute for formaldehyde (Pepper & Lieberman 1962). Further studies by Pepper & Chandler (1963) revealed that Glutaraldehyde %24 in alcoholic solution was superior as a sporicidal agent to both formaldehyde and glyoxal. In their claims for Glutaraldehyde %24 as a chemical sterilizing solution, Stonehill et a/. (1963) pointed out that aqueous solutions of Glutaraldehyde %24 were mildly acidic and needed to be buffered by suitable alkalinating agents to a pH of 7.5-8.5 for antimicrobial activity. A 2.0% (w/v) Glutaraldehyde %24 buffered to alkaline pH by addition of 0.3‘j/, (w/v) sodium bicarbonate was advocated to provide the minimum concentration and conditions necessary for rapid sporicidal activity. This solution has a greater sporicidal activity than 8% formaldehyde (Table 3). The value of this alkaline solution was later confirmed by Snyder & Cheatle (1965). Subsequently Glutaraldehyde %24 has always been recommended for use as an alkaline solution at pH 7.5-8.5 and towards the end of 1963, a 2% solution (Cidex) was marketed by Ethicon Inc., requiring ‘activation’ with 0.3% (w/v) sodium bicarbonate before use as a chemosterilizer. The time required for sterilization by a chemical agent is based upon the killing time achieved by the agent against a reasonable challenge of spores which are considered to be the most resistant. At the use-dilution of 2%, Glutaraldehyde %24 was capable of killing spores of Bacillus and Clostridium sp. in 3 h (Stonehill et a/. 1963; Borick et al. 1964). Rubbo et a/. (1967) reported a 99.99% kill of spores of B. anthracis and CI. tetani in 15 and 30 min respectively. It was apparent from their results that not all species were equally susceptible and of those organisms tested B. pumilis was the most resistant. Boucher (1974) found that B. subtilis spores were the most resistant to treatment with Glutaraldehyde %24. Using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) sporicidal test and vacuum-dried spores, he found that 10 h was necessary for complete kill. Other work, however, using similar time-survivor measurements and aqueous suspensions of B.subtilis spores, indicated that a 3 h contact period gave approximately a six log drop in viable count (Sierra & Boucher 1971; Kelsey et al. 1974; Forsyth 1975; Miner et al. 1977). Vegetative bacteria are readily susceptible to the action of Glutaraldehyde %24. As shown in Table 4, a 0.02% aqueous alkaline solution is rapidly effective against Gram positive and Gram negative species, whilst a 2% solution is capable of killing many vegetative species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 2 min (Stonehill el al. 1963). McGucken & Woodside (1973) reported a complete kill in 10 min of Esch. coli (2 x lo8 cells/ml) by 100 pg/ml alkaline Glutaraldehyde %24 compared with a 45% kill produced by the unactivated acid solution. In a comparative study of Cidex and Savlon by Leers eta/. (1974) stainless steel penicylinders, neoprene '0' rings and polyvinyl tubing were used as carriers for a range of organisms including Ps.aeruginosa and Mycobacterium smegmatis to simulate in-use conditions for the sterilization of instruments, catheter tubing and anaesthetic equipment. Cidex was effective on all three carriers, whereas Savlon was only partially effective, especially against Ps.aeruginosa and Staph.aureus. The tubercle bacillus has gained a justified reputation for being one of the most difficult species to destroy and its resistance to antibacterial agents is considered to be intermediate between sporulating and non-sporing organisms (Spaulding et al. 1977). Although good tuberculocidal activity has been attributed to Glutaraldehyde %24 (Stonehill et al. 1963; Borick et al. 1964), subsequent studies have shown that it has a slow action against Myco.tuberculosis (Rubbo et al. 1967), being less effective than formaldehyde or iodine (Bergan & Lystad 1971). It has been claimed by Relyveld (1977) that the activity of Glutaraldehyde %24 is equivalent or superior to that of hypochlorite with the exception of its effectiveness against mycobacteria. The picture is somewhat confused by the findings of Collins & Montalbine (1976) that the dialdehyde was rapidly mycobactericidal at room temperature. It must be added that the experimental technique adopted by the latter authors leaves a very considerable doubt about the validity of the conclusions reached. B. Antifingal activity Antifungal activity of Glutaraldehyde %24 was first demonstrated by Stonehill et al. (1963), who reported that growth of Trichophyton interdigitale was inhibited by a 5 min exposure to a 2% alkaline solution and that this solution was more potent than a number of other commercially available preparations tested. A 1% solution is also fungicidal (Dabrowa et al. 1972), but porous surfaces contaminated with Candida albicans and Microsporium gypseum are significantly more difficult to disinfect with Glutaraldehyde %24 than are smooth surfaces (Tadeusiak 1976). Aspergillus niger is more resistant than other fungi to Glutaraldehyde %24 (Rubbo et al. 1967; Gorman & Scott 1977a). In common with a range of other fungal species, however, both mycelial growth and sporulation are inhibited by 0.5% alkaline Glutaraldehyde %24 while spore swelling is entirely halted by a 0.5% solution. Fungicidal activity is also demonstrated (Fig. 1). What Is Glutaraldehyde %24 Used For? Glutaraldehyde %24 has a variety of uses in many industries and occupations. It is most commonly found in the healthcare industry, used to disinfect medical equipment that cannot be heat sterilized. The main uses of Glutaraldehyde %24 include: Glutaraldehyde %24 (C5H8O2) is most often used in a diluted form with solutions ranging from 0.1 to 50 percent Glutaraldehyde %24 in water. It is a colorless, oily liquid and sometimes has an odor of rotten apples. In a vapor state, Glutaraldehyde %24 has a pungent odor, with an odor threshold level of 0.04 parts per million (ppm).Trade names for Glutaraldehyde %24-containing formulations include Cidex®, Sonacide®, Sporicidin®, Hospex®, Omnicide®, Metricide®, Rapicide® and Wavicide®. Exposure Limits OSHA has not established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for Glutaraldehyde %24. NIOSH has established a recommended exposure limit (REL) for Glutaraldehyde %24 of 0.2 ppm. This is a time-weighted average (TWA) exposure limit for up to a 10-hour workday during a 40-hour workweek. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has set a ceiling Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 0.05 ppm. This is the airborne concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the work shift. Does Glutaraldehyde %24 Present a Health Hazard? Glutaraldehyde %24 is an irritant to the skin, eyes and respiratory system. Exposure symptoms might include burning sensation, dermatitis, headache, coughing, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting. Continuous repeated exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24 might intensify the skin and respiratory irritant effects. Anyone with a history of skin or eye disorders might be at an increased risk from exposure. First Aid Eyes: If Glutaraldehyde %24 contacts the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Seek medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with Glutaraldehyde %24. Skin: If Glutaraldehyde %24 contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water for at least 15 minutes. If Glutaraldehyde %24 penetrates clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water for at least 15 minutes. Promptly seek medical attention. Inhalation: If large amounts of Glutaraldehyde %24 are inhaled, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Keep the person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Ingestion: Get medical attention immediately. What Type of Personal Protective Equipment Should Be Used with Glutaraldehyde %24? Personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used with engineering and administrative controls to help prevent Glutaraldehyde %24 exposure. Safety goggles should be considered where concentrated Glutaraldehyde %24 is used or where splashing may occur, it is best to use indirect-vented or non-vented goggles, and to avoid goggles with foam padding. Protective clothing should be worn when handling Glutaraldehyde %24. Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Viton™, butyl rubber, natural rubber latex, neoprene and nitrile rubber provide adequate protection from Glutaraldehyde %24 solutions and are compatible materials for gloves and aprons. Respiratory protection: Although an immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) exposure limit has not been established for Glutaraldehyde %24, several respirator manufacturers have issued guidelines. 3M’s respirator selection guide can be found here and while MSA’s can be found here. Air Monitoring Personal monitors, passive-gas monitors and vapor meters can help determine workers' exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24. A: A disinfectant is a chemical or physical agent that is applied to inanimate objects to kill microorganisms. Bleach (sodium hypochlorite), phenolic compounds, and formaldehyde are examples of disinfectants. A sterilant is a chemical or physical process that is applied to inanimate objects to kill all microorganisms as well as spores. Glutaraldehyde %24 and ethylene oxide are examples of sterilants. Q: Where is exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24 most likely? A: Exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24 is most likely in the healthcare industry. It is used in hospitals for cold sterilization of medical supplies and instruments, and also as a disinfectant in urology, endoscopy and dental departments. It is also used as a fixative in X-ray developing solutions. Q: Is Glutaraldehyde %24 considered a fire hazard? A: No, Glutaraldehyde %24 is a non-flammable liquid. Q: What is the recommended protective clothing when handling Glutaraldehyde %24? A: Aprons and other protective clothing made from materials such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Viton™, butyl rubber, natural rubber latex, neoprene or nitrile rubber can offer protection when handling Glutaraldehyde %24 solutions. Sources OSHA Occupational Chemical Database for Glutaraldehyde %24 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards-Glutaraldehyde %24" National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, “Workplace Safety and Health Topics – Glutaraldehyde %24”

Glutaraldehyde 35% Glutaraldehyde, sold under the brandname Cidex and Glutaral among others, is a disinfectant, medication, preservative, and fixative. As a disinfectant, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas of hospitals.[3] As a medication, it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet.[4] Glutaraldehyde is applied as a liquid.[3] Side effects include skin irritation.[4] If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.[3][7] Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde.[8] It works by a number of mechanisms.[7] Glutaraldehyde came into medical use in the 1960s.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.[11] Uses Disinfection Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant and medication.[3][4][12] Usually applied as a solution, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.[3] Fixative Glutaraldehyde is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative prior to SDS-PAGE, staining, or electron microscopy. It kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins. It is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde[13] as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells. A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids. Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedding in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.[citation needed] Another application for treatment of proteins with glutaraldehyde is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines, e.g., the pertussis (whooping cough) toxoid component in the Boostrix Tdap vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline.[14] In a related application, glutaraldehyde is sometimes employed in the tanning of leather and in embalming.[citation needed] Wart treatment As a medication it is used to treat plantar warts.[4] For this purpose, a 10% w/v solution is used. It dries the skin, facilitating physical removal of the wart.[15] Trade names include Diswart Solution and Glutarol.[citation needed] Safety Side effects include skin irritation.[4] If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.[3][7] As a strong sterilant, glutaraldehyde is toxic and a strong irritant.[16] There is no strong evidence of carcinogenic activity.[17] Some occupations that work with this chemical have an increased risk of some cancers.[17] Mechanism of action A number of mechanisms have been invoked to explain the biocidal properties of glutaraldehyde.[7] Like many other aldehydes, it reacts with amines and thiol groups, which are common functional groups in proteins. Being bi-function, it is also a potential crosslinker.[18] Production and reactions Synthesis of glutaraldehyde via the Diels-Alder reaction. Glutaraldehyde is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene. Alternatively it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.[19] Like many other dialdehydes, (e.g., glyoxal) and simple aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde), glutaraldehyde converts in aqueous solution to various hydrates that in turn convert to other equilibrating species General description Glutaraldehyde solution is 35% solution of glutaraldehyde in water. Antibacterial action of 2% solution of alkaline glutaraldehyde against various atypical mycobacteria has been investigated.[8] Related Categories Aldehydes, Biochemicals and Reagents, Building Blocks, C1 to C6, Carbohydrates, Carbohydrates A to Z, Carbohydrates G, Carbonyl Compounds, Chemical Synthesis, Core Bioreagents, Monosaccharide, Organic Building Blocks, Research Essentials Quality Level 200 vapor density 1.05 (vs air) vapor pressure 15 mmHg ( 20 °C) concentration 35 wt. % in H2O refractive index n20/D 1.42 density 1.106 g/mL at 25 °C SMILES string [H]C(CCCC([H])=O)=O InChI 1S/C5H8O2/c6-4-2-1-3-5-7/h4-5H,1-3H2 InChI key SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Application Cross-linking agent for gelatin,[1][2] poly(vinyl alcohol),[3] and polyheptapeptides.[4] Glutaraldehyde may be used in the following studies: • To compose the fixative solution (Glutaraldehyde + Paraformaldehyde + NaPO4) for use in high-resolution light microscopy and electron microscopy studies.[5] • To study the conjugation of goat anti-horseradish peroxidase with alkaline phosphatase by a reported method.[6] • To compose the primary fixative, which is employed to protect the deterioration of cytoplasmic features of yeast cells during permanganate fixation.[7] Packaging 1 L in glass bottle 25 mL in glass bottle Glutaraldehyde Skeletal formula of glutaraldehyde Ball-and-stick model of the glutaraldehyde molecule Names Preferred IUPAC name Pentanedial[1] Other names Glutaraldehyde Glutardialdehyde Glutaric acid dialdehyde Glutaric aldehyde Glutaric dialdehyde 1,5-Pentanedial Identifiers CAS Number 111-30-8 ☑ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 3365 ☑ DrugBank DB03266 ☑ ECHA InfoCard 100.003.356 KEGG D01120 ☑ PubChem CID 3485 UNII T3C89M417N ☑ CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID6025355 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C5H8O2 Molar mass 100.117 Appearance Clear liquid Odor pungent[2] Density 1.06 g/mL Melting point −14 °C (7 °F; 259 K) Boiling point 187 °C (369 °F; 460 K) Solubility in water Miscible, reacts Vapor pressure 17 mmHg (20°C)[2] Hazards Safety data sheet CAS 111-30-8 GHS pictograms GHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H302, H314, H317, H331, H334, H400 GHS precautionary statements P260, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+312, P330, P302+352, P332+313, P304+340, P305+351+338, P311, P403+233, P405, P351 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 220 Flash point noncombustible[2] Threshold limit value (TLV) 0.2 ppm (0.82 mg/m3) (TWA), 0.05 ppm (STEL) Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD35 (median dose) 134 mg/kg (rat, oral); 2,560 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): REL (Recommended) 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m3)[2] Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☑ verify (what is ☑☒ ?) Infobox references Glutaraldehyde, sold under the brandname Cidex and Glutaral among others, is a disinfectant, medication, preservative, and fixative.[3][4][5][6] As a disinfectant, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas of hospitals.[3] As a medication, it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet.[4] Glutaraldehyde is applied as a liquid.[3] Side effects include skin irritation.[4] If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.[3][7] Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde.[8] It works by a number of mechanisms.[7] Glutaraldehyde came into medical use in the 1960s.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[10] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$1.35–7.40 per liter of 2% solution.[11] There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.[12] Uses Disinfection Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant and medication.[3][4][13] Usually applied as a solution, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.[3] Fixative Glutaraldehyde is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative prior to SDS-PAGE, staining, or electron microscopy. It kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins. It is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde[14] as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells. A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids. Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedding in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.[citation needed] Another application for treatment of proteins with glutaraldehyde is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines, e.g., the pertussis (whooping cough) toxoid component in the Boostrix Tdap vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline.[15] In a related application, glutaraldehyde is sometimes employed in the tanning of leather and in embalming.[citation needed] Wart treatment As a medication it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet.[4] For this purpose, a 10% w/w solution is used. It dries the skin, facilitating physical removal of the wart.[16] Trade names include Diswart Solution and Glutarol.[citation needed] Safety Side effects include skin irritation.[4] If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.[3][7] As a strong sterilant, glutaraldehyde is toxic and a strong irritant.[17] There is no strong evidence of carcinogenic activity.[18] Some occupations that work with this chemical have an increased risk of some cancers.[18] Mechanism of action A number of mechanisms have been invoked to explain the biocidal properties of glutaraldehyde.[7] Like many other aldehydes, it reacts with amines and thiol groups, which are common functional groups in proteins. Being bi-function, it is also a potential crosslinker.[19] Production and reactions Synthesis of glutaraldehyde via the Diels-Alder reaction. Glutaraldehyde is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene. Alternatively it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.[20] Like many other dialdehydes, (e.g., glyoxal) and simple aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde), glutaraldehyde converts in aqueous solution to various hydrates that in turn convert to other equilibrating species.[clarification needed][21][20] GlutaldehydeHydrateEquilibria.png Monomeric glutaraldehyde polymerizes by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha, beta-unsaturated poly-glutaraldehyde. This reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values.[medical citation needed] History and culture Glutaraldehyde came into medical use in the 1960s.[22] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[10] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$1.35–7.40 per liter of 2% solution.[11] There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.[23] A glutaraldehyde solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used as a biocide for system disinfection and as a preservative for long-term storage. It is a sterilant, killing endospores in addition to many microorganisms and viruses.[24] As a biocide, glutaraldehyde is a component of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") fluid. It is included in the additive called Alpha 1427.[25] Bacterial growth impairs extraction of oil and gas from these wells. Glutaraldehyde is pumped as a component of the fracturing fluid to inhibit microbial growth.[medical citation needed] Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. Glutaraldehyde is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment. For example, it is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, waste water treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, in fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials. It may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent. CDC-ATSDR Toxic Substances Portal Glutaral is used as an antimicrobial agent in sugar mills and as a fixing agent in the immobilisation of glucose isomerase enzyme preparations for use in the manufacture of high fructose corn syrup A polymerized isomer of glutaraldehyde known as polycycloglutaracetal is a fertilizer for aquatic plants. It is claimed that it provides a bioavailable source of carbon for higher plants that is not available to algae. Though not marketed as such due to federal regulations, the biocidal effect of glutaraldehyde kills most algae at concentrations of 0. 5 - 5. 0 ppm. These levels are not harmful to most aquatic fauna and flora. Adverse reactions have been observed by some aquarists at these concentrations in some aquatic mosses, liverworts, and vascular plants. Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used to disinfect medical and dental equipment. It is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative. Glutaraldehyde is an oily liquid at room temperature (density 1. 06 g/mL), and miscible with water, alcohol, and benzene. It is used as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy. It is employed as an embalming fluid, is a component of leather tanning solutions, and occurs as an intermediate in the production of certain industrial chemicals. Glutaraldehyde is frequently used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker. The oligomeric state of proteins can be examined through this application. However, it is toxic, causing severe eye, nose, throat and lung irritation, along with headaches, drowsiness and dizziness. It is a main source of occupational asthma among health care providers. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. It has a role as a cross-linking reagent, a disinfectant and a fixative. Glutaraldehyde Glutaraldehyde is a commonly used chemical cross-linking agent that forms cross-links between the aldehyde and the e-amine groups of lysine or hydroxylysine in collagen. From: Peptides and Proteins as Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, 2018 Related terms: ResinAntibodyProteinFormaldehydeCacodylic AcidElectron MicroscopyParaformaldehydeUranyl Acetate ChEBI EC NUMBER: 203-856-5 Names and Identifiers of GLUTARALDEHYDE Computed Descriptors of GLUTARALDEHYDE IUPAC Name of GLUTARALDEHYDE pentanedial Molecular Formula Molecular Formula C5H8O2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUTARALDEHYDE PHYSICAL STATE: Clear to yellowish liquid MELTING POINT: -14 C BOILING POINT: 187 C SOLUBILITY IN WATER: soluble SOLVENT SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alcohol pH: 3.2 - 4.2 log P: -0.18 VAPOR PRESSURE: 0.6 (mmHg at 25 C) Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH2CHO)2. A pungent colorless oily liquid, glutaraldehyde is used to sterilise medical and dental equipment. It is also used for industrial water treatment and as a preservative. It is mainly available as an aqueous solution, and in these solutions the aldehyde groups are hydrated. Glutaraldehyde is a chemical frequently used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent against bacteria and viruses (2% solution), an embalming fluid and tissue fixative, a component of leather tanning solutions, and an intermediate in the production of certain sealants, resins, dyes, and electrical products (HSDB, 1996). For commercial purposes, solutions of 99%, 35%, and 20% are available. Glutaraldehyde is also an atmospheric reaction product of cyclohexene. The annual statewide industrial emissions from facilities reporting under the Air Toxics Hot Spots Act in California based on the most recent inventory were estimated to be 29,603 pounds of glutaraldehyde Glutaraldehyde can help to eliminate microbial contamination problems. Based on the powerful and unparalleled antimicrobial action of glutaraldehyde, these high-performance antimicrobials provide excellent control over a wide variety of microorganisms. It has antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria, mold, and yeast at low use concentrations (0.01-0.1% active ingredient). It shows excellent compatibility with anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants and biocidal activity over a broad pH and temperature range. Glutaraldehyde containing two aldehyde groups, is used as a disinfectant. It is used in sterilizing medical and dental equipment which cannot be heat sterilized. It is used as a fixative for biological tissues and for leather tanning. It is used as a chemical intermediate to produce other compounds. Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily, liquid-chemical with a pungent odor. It is used for a number of applications such as the following: -A cold sterilant in the health care industry -A cross-linking and tanning agent -A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines -An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems -A slimicide in paper manufacturing -A preservative in cosmetics -A disinfectant in animal housing -A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs -A hardening agent in the development of X-rays -In embalming solutions -In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses -In various clinical applications -In the health care industry, glutaraldehyde is most often used to disinfect equipment that cannot be heat sterilized such as dialysis instruments, surgical instruments, suction bottles, bronchoscopes, endoscopes, and ear, nose, and throat instruments. EC NUMBER: 203-856-5 Names and Identifiers of GLUTARALDEHYDE Computed Descriptors of GLUTARALDEHYDE IUPAC Name of GLUTARALDEHYDE pentanedial Molecular Formula Molecular Formula C5H8O2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUTARALDEHYDE PHYSICAL STATE: Clear to yellowish liquid MELTING POINT: -14 C BOILING POINT: 187 C SOLUBILITY IN WATER: soluble SOLVENT SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alcohol pH: 3.2 - 4.2 log P: -0.18 VAPOR PRESSURE: 0.6 (mmHg at 25 C) Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH2CHO)2. A pungent colorless oily liquid, glutaraldehyde is used to sterilise medical and dental equipment. It is also used for industrial water treatment and as a preservative. It is mainly available as an aqueous solution, and in these solutions the aldehyde groups are hydrated. Glutaraldehyde is a chemical frequently used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent against bacteria and viruses (2% solution), an embalming fluid and tissue fixative, a component of leather tanning solutions, and an intermediate in the production of certain sealants, resins, dyes, and electrical products (HSDB, 1996). For commercial purposes, solutions of 99%, 35%, and 20% are available. Glutaraldehyde is also an atmospheric reaction product of cyclohexene. The annual statewide industrial emissions from facilities reporting under the Air Toxics Hot Spots Act in California based on the most recent inventory were estimated to be 29,603 pounds of glutaraldehyde Glutaraldehyde can help to eliminate microbial contamination problems. Based on the powerful and unparalleled antimicrobial action of glutaraldehyde, these high-performance antimicrobials provide excellent control over a wide variety of microorganisms. It has antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria, mold, and yeast at low use concentrations (0.01-0.1% active ingredient). It shows excellent compatibility with anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants and biocidal activity over a broad pH and temperature range. Glutaraldehyde containing two aldehyde groups, is used as a disinfectant. It is used in sterilizing medical and dental equipment which cannot be heat sterilized. It is used as a fixative for biological tissues and for leather tanning. It is used as a chemical intermediate to produce other compounds. Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily, liquid-chemical with a pungent odor.

Glutaraldehyde 50% Glutaraldehyde 50%, sold under the brandname Cidex and Glutaral among others, is a disinfectant, medication, preservative, and fixative. As a disinfectant, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas of hospitals.[3] As a medication, it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet.[4] Glutaraldehyde 50% is applied as a liquid. Side effects include skin irritation. If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde 50% is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores. Glutaraldehyde 50% is a dialdehyde.[8] Glutaraldehyde 50% works by a number of mechanisms.[7] Glutaraldehyde 50% came into medical use in the 1960s. Glutaraldehyde 50% is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning. Uses of Glutaraldehyde 50% Disinfection of Glutaraldehyde 50% Glutaraldehyde 50% is used as a disinfectant and medication. Usually applied as a solution, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas. Fixative of Glutaraldehyde 50% Glutaraldehyde 50% is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative prior to SDS-PAGE, staining, or electron microscopy. It kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins. It is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde[13] as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells. A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids. Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedding in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.[citation needed] Another application for treatment of proteins with Glutaraldehyde 50% is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines, e.g., the pertussis (whooping cough) toxoid component in the Boostrix Tdap vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline.[14] In a related application, Glutaraldehyde 50% is sometimes employed in the tanning of leather and in embalming. Wart treatment of Glutaraldehyde 50% As a medication it is used to treat plantar warts.[4] For this purpose, a 10% w/v solution is used. It dries the skin, facilitating physical removal of the wart.[15] Trade names include Diswart Solution and Glutarol. Safety of Glutaraldehyde 50% Side effects include skin irritation.[4] If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde 50% is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.[3][7] As a strong sterilant, Glutaraldehyde 50% is toxic and a strong irritant.[16] There is no strong evidence of carcinogenic activity.[17] Some occupations that work with this chemical have an increased risk of some cancers.[17] Mechanism of action of Glutaraldehyde 50% A number of mechanisms have been invoked to explain the biocidal properties of Glutaraldehyde 50%.[7] Like many other aldehydes, it reacts with amines and thiol groups, which are common functional groups in proteins. Being bi-function, it is also a potential crosslinker.[18] Production and reactions of Glutaraldehyde 50% Synthesis of Glutaraldehyde 50% via the Diels-Alder reaction. Glutaraldehyde 50% is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene. Alternatively it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.[19] Like many other dialdehydes, (e.g., glyoxal) and simple aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde), Glutaraldehyde 50% converts in aqueous solution to various hydrates that in turn convert to other equilibrating species. Monomeric Glutaraldehyde 50% polymerizes by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha, beta-unsaturated poly-Glutaraldehyde 50%. This reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values. History and culture of Glutaraldehyde 50% Glutaraldehyde 50% came into medical use in the 1960s.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[10] There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.[11] A Glutaraldehyde 50% solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used as a biocide for system disinfection and as a preservative for long-term storage. It is a sterilant, killing endospores in addition to many microorganisms and viruses. As a biocide, Glutaraldehyde 50% is a component of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") fluid. It is included in the additive called Alpha 1427.[22] Bacterial growth impairs extraction of oil and gas from these wells. Glutaraldehyde 50% is pumped as a component of the fracturing fluid to inhibit microbial growth. RESULTS: An outbreak of six patients occurred in April 2002 and one cirrhotic patient was admitted in July 2008. All patients developed a self-limited syndrome of abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea within 48 h of uncomplicated endoscopy. One severely ill patient required hospitalization to receive intravenous fluid and antibiotics. After the investigation in April 2002, Glutaraldehyde 50%-induced colitis was diagnosed due to a defect in the endoscope-cleansing procedure. There were no deficiencies in the cleansing procedure in July 2008. Considering the patient's concomitant disease, we postulated that ischemic colitis with cirrhosis-related intestinal inflammation and endotoxemia was the possible diagnosis in this sporadic case. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopists should be aware of this iatrogenic complication in patients presenting with acute rectocolitis, especially in those who have undergone recent endoscopic examination. An outbreak of acute rectocolitis following endoscopy should be considered Glutaraldehyde 50%-induced and should lead to an investigation of cleansing and equipment-disinfection procedures. In the absence of strong evidence of an outbreak, an infectious disease, or contamination of Glutaraldehyde 50%, a sporadic case should be considered ischemic colitis especially in patients with relevant concomitant diseases or predisposing factors. Dermal and intravenous studies in the rat with dilute aqueous Glutaraldehyde 50% solutions (0.075-7.5%) showed that, in dermal tests, approx 5% was absorbed in the rat, and 30-50% in the rabbit. In the intravenous injection tests, approx 12% was absorbed in the rat and approx 33% in the rabbit. There were no significant differences between males and females in the study. The dermal absorption rate constant was low (0.2-2 hr) in each species. The elimination times were long for both intravenous injection (t0.5 for the rat 10 hr, rabbit 15-30 hr) and dermal application (t0.5 for the rat 40-110 hr, rabbit 20-100 hr), possibly due to the binding of Glutaraldehyde 50% to protein and the slow excretion of metabolites. The principal metabolite in both species was CO2 with other metabolites not identified. /It was/ proposed that the metabolism probably involved initial oxidation to corresponding carboxylic acids by aldehyde dehydrogenase, and then further oxidation to CO2. IDENTIFICATION: Glutaraldehyde 50% is a colorless oily liquid with a strong, rotten apple odor. It is very soluble in water. USE: Glutaraldehyde 50% is an antimicrobial chemical commonly used as a disinfectant in hospitals, agriculture and aquaculture, food handling and food storage establishments, and water treatment plants. It is used as a preservative in the manufacture of several consumer products, including cosmetics, cleaners, adhesives, paper, textiles and leathers, paints and coatings, and inks and dyes. Glutaraldehyde 50% is also used as a tissue fixative in laboratories and embalming fluid and in photographic and X-ray development fluids. Glutaraldehyde 50% is used in hydraulic fracturing and off-shore oil operations. EXPOSURE: Workers in hospitals, janitorial services, nursing homes, veterinary hospitals, and commercial and industrial businesses may be exposed to Glutaraldehyde 50% by breathing vapors in air or skin contact. General population exposure may occur by breathing in air and skin contact with consumer products containing Glutaraldehyde 50%. Glutaraldehyde 50% is also present in gasoline and diesel engine exhaust. If Glutaraldehyde 50% is released to air, it will be degraded by reaction with other chemicals and light. If released to water or soil, it is expected to bind to soil particles or suspended particles. Glutaraldehyde 50% is not expected to move into air from wet soils or water surfaces, but may move to air from dry soils. Glutaraldehyde 50% is expected to be degraded by microorganisms and not build up in aquatic organisms. RISK: Runny nose, headache, facial and eye irritation, respiratory problems, skin irritation, and allergic skin reactions have been reported in medical and agricultural workers exposed to Glutaraldehyde 50% liquid or vapor during disinfection and sanitization activities. Asthma has been found in workers repeatedly exposed to Glutaraldehyde 50% vapors. Swelling, burning pain, and sensitivity to light can occur with direct eye contact. The risk of death from cancer was not increased with a history of occupational Glutaraldehyde 50% exposure. Eye irritation and skin irritation/sensitization occur with direct skin contact with diluted Glutaraldehyde 50% in laboratory animals. Severe irritation and burns occur with contact to undiluted gluraraldehyde. Stomach lesions, liver damage, and decreased body weight occurred in laboratory animals given repeated moderate doses of Glutaraldehyde 50% in water. Death occurred at high oral doses. Nasal, throat, and lung lesions and decreased body weights were found in laboratory animals repeatedly exposed to low air concentrations of Glutaraldehyde 50%. Birth defects and abortions were observed in laboratory animals at high oral doses that were also toxic to the mothers. Fertility was not affected in laboratory animals given high oral doses prior to mating. Tumors were not induced in laboratory animals given high oral doses in water or exposed to moderate air concentrations for their lifetime. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists determined that Glutaraldehyde 50% is not classifiable as a human carcinogen. The US EPA Carcinogenicity Assessment Review Committee classified Glutaraldehyde 50% as 'Not Likely to be Carcinogenetic to Humans" by any route of exposure, based on the lack tumor induction in several 2-year laboratory animal studies. The potential for Glutaraldehyde 50% to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens. Microscopy/histology. Glutaraldehyde 50% is used as a tissue fixative in histology and electron and light microscopy, generally as a 1.5-6% aqueous solution. Aquaculture. Glutaraldehyde 50% is used, generally in conjunction with wetting agents, to control viruses and other micro-organisms in fish farming. Cosmetics. Glutaraldehyde 50% is allowed as a preservative in cosmetics in Europe at concentrations up to 0.1%. It is not allowed in aerosols and sprays. The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) identifies 24 companies with active labels for products containing the chemical Glutaraldehyde 50%. To view the complete list of companies, product names and percent Glutaraldehyde 50% in formulated products click the following url and enter the CAS Registry number in the Active Ingredient field. In Australia, it is estimated that Glutaraldehyde 50% is distributed in end-use as follows: 55% as a cold disinfectant in the health care industry, 20% in x-ray film processing, 10% in water treatment, 5% in animal housing, 5% in tanning and 5% in other uses such as toilet disinfection, microscopy, aquaculture and air duct disinfection. In France, 50% is used in disinfection/control, 40% in the photographic industry, 5% in the leather industry and 5% in the paper industry. In Norway, 80% is used in industrial cleaning agents and 14% in photocopying developers. In the UK, Glutaraldehyde 50% is used mainly as a cold disinfectant and as a biocide in off-shore oil operations. Glutaraldehyde 50% is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. Glutaraldehyde 50% is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment. For example, it is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, waste water treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, in fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials. It may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent. Usage disinfectant The critical effects /of Glutaraldehyde 50% exposure/ are eye, skin, and respiratory irritation, skin sensitization and occupational asthma. Nose and throat irritation has been observed in humans at vapor concentrations below 0.2 ppm. Occupational asthma has also been reported in workers exposed to dilute solutions of Glutaraldehyde 50% ... Contact dermatitis and eye irritation have been reported in workers using Glutaraldehyde 50% solutions, usually 2% or higher. Skin sensitization has been confirmed in workers using dilute solutions. Application restrictions. Use: paint preservative. Maximum application rate of 100 ppm. Use: medical premises disinfection. Maximum application rate of 0.1% of the active ingredient by weight of material being treated. All Glutaraldehyde 50% once-through cooling tower uses, Glutaraldehyde 50% macrofoulant control uses and all critical medical equipment/instrument uses are cancelled. Critical medical equipment use is defined as use of a pesticide in or on any equipment that comes into contact with bodily fluids. Examples of critical medical equipment/instruments include, but are not limited to hemodyalysis tubing, dental instruments. Glutaraldehyde 50% may discolor on exposure to air. It polymerizes on heating. This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It polymerizes in the presence of water. Strong oxidizers, strong bases [Note: Alkaline solutions of Glutaraldehyde 50% (i.e., activated Glutaraldehyde 50%) react with alcohol, ketones, amines, hydrazines and proteins]. The Agency has completed its assessment of the dietary, occupational, drinking water, and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticide products containing the active ingredient Glutaraldehyde 50%. Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient Glutaraldehyde 50%, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of Glutaraldehyde 50% to make decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that Glutaraldehyde 50%-containing products are eligible for reregistration provided that: (i) confirmatory data needs are addressed; (ii) the risk mitigation measures outlined in this document are adopted; and (iii) label amendments are made to reflect these measures. ... Based on its evaluation of Glutaraldehyde 50%, the Agency has determined that Glutaraldehyde 50% products, unless labeled and used as specified in this document, would present risks inconsistent with FIFRA. Accordingly, should a registrant fail to implement the risk mitigation measures identified in this document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from the use of Glutaraldehyde 50%. If all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the product labels, then all current risks for Glutaraldehyde 50% will be substantially mitigated for the purposes of this determination. Once an Endangered Species assessment is completed, further changes to these registrations may be necessary as explained in Section III of this document. IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Glutaraldehyde 50% is a colorless liquid. It is registered for pesticide use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. It is used as algaecide, bacteriocide and fungicide. Glutaraldehyde 50% is used as a tissue fixative in histology and electron and light microscopy, generally as a 1.5-6% aqueous solution. Glutaraldehyde 50% is used, generally in conjunction with wetting agents, to control viruses and other micro-organisms in fish farming. Glutaraldehyde 50% is allowed as a preservative in cosmetics in Europe at concentrations up to 0.1%. It is not allowed in aerosols and sprays. Glutaraldehyde 50% is a biocide commonly used in a 2% concentration for cold sterilization of surgical and dental equipment. Biocides, such as Glutaraldehyde 50%, are added to eliminate bacterial growth in fracturing fluids. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Exposure to concentrations < 1 ppm by inhalation or skin contact may cause irritation of the skin and/or mucous membranes. The critical effects of Glutaraldehyde 50% exposure are eye, skin, and respiratory irritation, skin sensitization and occupational asthma. Nose and throat irritation has been observed in humans at vapor concentrations below 0.2 ppm. Occupational asthma has also been reported in workers exposed to dilute solutions of Glutaraldehyde 50%. Contact dermatitis and eye irritation have been reported in workers using Glutaraldehyde 50% solutions, usually 2% or higher. Skin sensitization has been confirmed in workers using dilute solutions. Other symptoms that may be brought on by Glutaraldehyde 50% exposure include heart palpitations and tachycardia. The incidence of death and incidence of cancer deaths in 186 male employees at a Glutaraldehyde 50% production unit were compared to those of US white males and to 29,000 other chemical workers during the period 1959 - 1978. All subjects were observed for 10 yr. The number of deaths was less than expected, as was the incidence of cancer deaths. ANIMAL STUDIES: Glutaraldehyde 50% was corrosive to the skin and eyes of rabbits at high concentrations, with signs of skin irritation evident at 2%, and eye irritation at 0.2%. In an inhalation study where mice were exposed to Glutaraldehyde 50% at concentrations of 33 or 133 ppb for 24 hours, the animals exhibited panting and increased grooming, mice that inhaled the highest concentration developed toxic hepatitis. Following a single whole-body inhalation exposure at 1 ppm for 1 day, rats and mice developed coagulation pathology of the upper respiratory tract squamous epithelium. After 4 days of such exposures, inflammatory granulocytic infiltrate into the squamous epithelium and lamina propria with thickened epithelium of the nasal lumen ensued. In those animals inhaling 0.5 or 1 ppm Glutaraldehyde 50% for four days, the nasal passages became obstructed with intraluminal debris; degenerative/hyperplastic erosions with epithelial abscesses extended as far as the nasopharyngeal meatus in the 1-ppm exposure group. A study of male and female rats given Glutaraldehyde 50% in drinking water at concentrations of 0, 50, 250, or 100 ppm through two generations indicated a dose-related decrease in parental water consumption and body weight (attributed to adverse taste) and decrease in offspring (1000-ppm group) body weights. No adverse reproductive effects were observed. In other study there was a significant dose-dependent reduction in the average of maternal body weight gain and a significant increase in the number of stunted (body weight) and malformed fetuses at the 5 mL/mg/day dose level. Early mutagenicity studies were negative, but more recent studies have indicated that Glutaraldehyde 50% is mutagenic in vitro in bacterial assays and tests in mammalian cells. In vivo genotoxicity tests to date have proven negative. Groups of 50 male and 50 female rats and mice were exposed to Glutaraldehyde 50% vapor at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75 (rats) and 0, 0.062, 0.12, or 0.25 ppm (mice) 6 hr/day, 5 days /week. The incidences of non-neoplastic lesions of the nose were reported to be significantly increased in the 0.50 and 0.75-ppm exposed rats and in the 0.12 and 0.25-ppm exposed male and female mice. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Available chronic toxicity data for Glutaraldehyde 50% indicate that continuous exposure results in measurable effects on coldwater fish at a concentration of 5.1 mg a.i./L. A second study on coldwater fish resulted in measurable effects at 2.5 mg a.i./L. Measurable effects on freshwater invertebrates were noted at concentrations of 8.5 mg/L product and 4.9 mg a.i./L. /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Occluded contact /in rabbit/ with 50% Glutaraldehyde 50% solutions in water. Two products tested: Ucarcide 250 and BASF 50% Glutaraldehyde 50%. Severity of irritation was dependent on the duration of contact. Application of 50% Glutaraldehyde 50% for 60 min caused severe irritation and necrosis; 3 min produced transient minor irritation and some discoloration of the skin. In genetic toxicity studies, Glutaraldehyde 50% was mutagenic with and without S9 metabolic activation in S. typhimurium strains TA100, TA102, and TA104. Glutaraldehyde 50% was mutagenic in mouse L5178Y lymphoma cells in the absence of S9 and induced sister chromatid exchanges in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells with and without S9. No increase in chromosomal aberrations was induced by Glutaraldehyde 50% in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells with or without S9 at one laboratory; at another laboratory, chromosomal aberrations were induced in the absence of S9 only. Glutaraldehyde 50% did not induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in germ cells of male /Drosophila/ melanogaster treated as adults by feeding or injection or treated as larvae by feeding. In vivo, Glutaraldehyde 50% induced a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells 36 hr after a single intraperitoneal injection. In a subset of the 36 hr chromosomal aberrations test, there was a small increase in the number of micronucleated bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes, which was judged to be equivocal. Additional short-term (3 day) and subchronic (13 week) micronucleus tests in mice, using the intraperitoneal or inhalation routes, respectively, yielded negative results. Glutaraldehyde 50%'s production and use as a disinfectant, as a cross-linking agent, as a tanning agent for leather and use in the paper and textile industries to improve wet strength and dimensional stability of fibers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as a biocide in water treatment, hydraulic fracturing fluids and oil-field applications and as a preservative in cosmetics and personal-care products will result in its direct release to the environment. Glutaraldehyde 50% has been detected in gasoline and diesel engine emissions. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.6 mm Hg at 30 °C indicates Glutaraldehyde 50% will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Glutaraldehyde 50% will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 16 hours. Glutaraldehyde 50% may be susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere based upon aqueous photolysis studies. If released to soil, Glutaraldehyde 50% is expected to have very high to moderate mobility based upon measured Koc values ranging from 5.1 to 500. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Glutaraldehyde 50% is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure and it has been reported that small amounts of Glutaraldehyde 50% will volatilize to the atmosphere. Results of biodegradation screening tests indicate that Glutaraldehyde 50% is readily biodegradable. A soil degradation study using a loamy sand soil observed a pseudo-first order dissipation half-life of 1.7 days due primarily to soil microorganisms. If released into water, Glutaraldehyde 50% is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. In a closed bottle test using seawater as inoculum, Glutaraldehyde 50% showed 73% degradation in 28 days indicating that biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. At 25 °C, Glutaraldehyde 50% has measured hydrolysis half-lives of 508-628, 102-394 and 46-63.8 days at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9 respectively. The measured half-life for the photolysis of aqueous solutions of Glutaraldehyde 50% exposed to natural sunlight was 196 days. Occupational exposure to Glutaraldehyde 50% may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Glutaraldehyde 50% is produced or used. Use and limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Glutaraldehyde 50% via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with consumer products containing Glutaraldehyde 50%. TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 5.1 to 500(2,3) indicate that Glutaraldehyde 50% is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Glutaraldehyde 50% from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(2). Glutaraldehyde 50% is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.6 mm Hg at 30 °C(4), and it has been reported that small amounts of Glutaraldehyde 50% will volatilize to the atmosphere(4). Results of biodegradation screening tests indicate that Glutaraldehyde 50% is readily biodegradable(2,3,5). A soil degradation study using a loamy sand soil and and initial Glutaraldehyde 50% concentration of 10 ppm observed a pseudo-first order dissipation half-life of 1.7 days due primarily to soil microorganisms(3). AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 5.1 to 500(2,3) indicate that Glutaraldehyde 50% is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(2). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.33(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Results of biodegradation screening tests indicate that Glutaraldehyde 50% is readily biodegradable(2,3,7). In a closed bottle test using seawater as inoculum, Glutaraldehyde 50% showed 73% degradation in 28 days(2). At 25 °C, Glutaraldehyde 50% has measured hydrolysis half-lives of 508-628, 102-394 and 46-63.8 days at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9 respectively(2,3). The measured half-life for the photolysis of sterile aqueous solutions of Glutaraldehyde 50% exposed to natural sunlight was 196 days(2). ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Glutaraldehyde 50%, which has a vapor pressure of 0.6 mm Hg at 30 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Glutaraldehyde 50% is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.52X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Aqueous solutions of Glutaraldehyde 50% have an observed photolysis half-life of 196 days when exposed to sunlight(4) suggesting that direct photolysis may occur in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). AEROBIC: Glutaraldehyde 50%, present at 100 mg/L, reached 59% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). Using OECD Guideline 301C (Ready biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I)), Glutaraldehyde 50% reached 74% of its theoretical BOD in 28 days and 80% DOC in 15 days with classified the compound as readily biodegradable(2). Glutaraldehyde 50% was found to be readily biodegradable using OECD Guideline 301D (Closed Bottle Test)(2). In a DOC die-away test, glutaradehyde, present at 25 mg/L, showed 83% degradation in 5 days using a sewage inoculum(3). Glutaraldehyde 50%, present at 8.3 mg/L, degraded 60% in 28 days using sewage inoculum in a CO2 evolution test(3). In a closed bottle test, Glutaraldehyde 50% present at 2.0 mg/L, degraded 64% in 28 days using a Polyseed inoculum(3). A higher biodegradability with a short lag time was observed when the Glutaraldehyde 50% concentrations in the test systems were low (<2 mg/L) than when the concentrations were high (>8 mg/L). Since bacterial inhibition for Glutaraldehyde 50% occurs at about 5 mg/L, the lower biodegradation rates observed in studies where high concentrations of Glutaraldehyde 50% were used were likely due to inhibition of the inoculum(3). In a closed bottle test using seawater as inoculum, Glutaraldehyde 50% showed 73% degradation in 28 days(3). The major metabolite of Glutaraldehyde 50% produced by microbes in an aerobic sediment-river water system was carbon dioxide, with glutaric acid formed as an intermediate in the water phase(3). The calculated pseudo-first-order half-life of Glutaraldehyde 50% catabolism in water (based on the loss of the parent compound) under aerobic conditions was 10.6 hours(3). A soil degradation study using a loamy sand soil and initial Glutaraldehyde 50% concentration of 10 ppm observed a pseudo-first order biodegradation half-life of 1.7 days due primarily to soil microorganisms(4). ANAEROBIC: The major metabolites of Glutaraldehyde 50% produced by microbes in an anaerobic sediment-river water system were 1,5-pentanediol with 5-hydroxypentanal formed as an intermediate, and 3-formyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-propanal, a cyclicized dimer of Glutaraldehyde 50%. The calculated pseudo-first-order half-life of Glutaraldehyde 50% catabolism in water (based on the loss of the parent compound) under anaerobic conditions was 7.7 hours(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Glutaraldehyde 50% with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 2.52X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The measured first-order rate constants of the hydrolysis of Glutaraldehyde 50% at pH 5 and 7 were 0.0014 and 0.0068 per day (at 25 °C), which corresponds to half-lives of 508 and 102 days, respectively(3). At pH 9, the first-order rate constant was measured to be 0.015 per day, corresponding to a half-life of 46 days(4). The only major degradate observed and identified was a cyclized dimer of Glutaraldehyde 50%, 3-formyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-propanal(3). Hydrolysis tests conducted at 40 and 50 °C and pH 9 for 165 hours determined the hydrolysis half-life is >24 hours at 50 °C and >59 hours at 40 °C(4). An hydrolysis test according to OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH) reported Glutaraldehyde 50% to be hydrolytically stable at pH 4 and pH 7 with decomposition at pH 9(4). At 25 °C, hydrolysis half-lives were 628, 394 and 63.8 days respectively at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9(4). The measured first-order rate constant for the photolysis of sterile aqueous solutions of Glutaraldehyde 50% exposed to natural sunlight was 0.0035 per day with a corresponding half life was 196 days(3). The Henry's Law constant for Glutaraldehyde 50% has been experimentally determined to be 3.30X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that Glutaraldehyde 50% is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Glutaraldehyde 50%'s Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Glutaraldehyde 50% is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.6 mm Hg(3), and

Glutaric Acid Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. When present in sufficiently high levels, Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, and Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type III. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I (Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type I, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA1, or GAT1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1. 3. 99. 7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e. g. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyGlutaric acid (glutarik asit), glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs). Babies with Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Macrocephaly is amongst the earliest signs of GA1. GA1 also causes secondary carnitine deficiency because Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), like other organic acids, is detoxified by carnitine. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7. 35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. Treatment of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria is mainly based on the restriction of lysine intake, supplementation of carnitine, and an intensification of therapy during intercurrent illnesses. The major principle of dietary treatment is to reduce the production of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) and 3-hydroxyGlutaric acid (glutarik asit) by restriction of natural protein, in general, and of lysine, in particular (PMID: 17465389, 15505398). Production of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be prepared by the ring-opening of butyrolactone with potassium cyanide to give the mixed potassium carboxylate-nitrile that is hydrolyzed to the diacid.[1] Alternatively hydrolysis, followed by oxidation of dihydropyran gives Glutaric acid (glutarik asit). It can also be prepared from reacting 1,3-dibromopropane with sodium or potassium cyanide to obtain the dinitrile, followed by hydrolysis. Uses of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) 1,5-Pentanediol, a common plasticizer and precursor to polyesters is manufactured by hydrogenation of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) and its derivatives.[2] Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) itself has been used in the production of polymers such as polyester polyols, polyamides. The odd number of carbon atoms (i.e. 5) is useful in decreasing polymer elasticity.[citation needed] Uvitonic acid is obtained by the action of ammonia on Glutaric acid (glutarik asit). Safety Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.[3] Acute hazards include the fact that this compound may be harmful by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. Application of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may be employed as starting reagent in the synthesis of glutaric anhydride. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may be used for the following studies: • Complexation with DL-lysine. Complexes have been reported to possess zwitterionic lysinium ions (positively charged) and semi-glutarate ions (negatively charged).[8] • Synthesis of complexes with L-arginine and L-histidine.[7] • Preparation of glycine-Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) co-crystals. Phase transition studies of these cocrystals have been reported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, polarized Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.[1] General description Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (Pentanedioic Acid) is a linear dicarboxylic acid. It has been prepared by oxidizing cyclopentane, cyclopentanol and cyclopentanone.[9] Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is a pentanedioic acid. On exposure to X-rays, Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) crystals generate two stable free radicals. These free radicals have been investigated by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) technique.[5] Presence of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) in urine and plasma is an indicator of type I Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria (GA-I).[6] Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is formed as an intermediate during the catabolism of lysine in mammals.[3] Electron spin resonance spectra of radical (CO2H)CH2CH2CH(CO2H formed in Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) crystal after γ-irradiation is reported to remains trapped in it.[2] Polymorphism of Glycine-Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) co-crystals has been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.[4] Low-temperature phase transition in glycine-Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) co-crystals studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type 1 (OMIM #231670) due to glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency is associated with accumulation of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), glutaryl carnitine, and secondary metabolites in body fluids. The clinical picture is variable. Most patients are macrocephalic. The authors selected the Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) cocrystal2 for further evaluation because of the relatively high melting point of the cocrystal and the expected high water solubility of the cocrystal because of the high water solubility of the coformer. A solvent-based Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria Type 1 (OMIM 231670) The metabolism of lysine, hydroxylsine, and tryptophan is disrupted secondary to deficiency in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial enzyme. This results in the accumulation of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) and 3-hydroxyGlutaric acid (glutarik asit). Investigation Neuroimaging is characteristic, with frontotemporal atrophy and often subdural effusions or hematomas. This may lead to initial suspicion of child abuse. There is excessive glutaric and 3-hydroxyGlutaric acid (glutarik asit) in the urine. Plasma free carnitine is reduced and glutaryl carnitine is elevated. Reduced enzyme activity is demonstrated in fibroblasts. Urine organic acid analysis detects a wide range of compounds. It is an excellent diagnostic test for the organic acidemias involving propionic, methylmalonic, and isovaleric acids. It also detects Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), which is a progressive neurotoxic defect in biomolecule conversion. The fatty acid oxidation defects also result in abnormal compounds in the urine. The presence of succinylacetone is a hallmark of tyrosinemia; similarly, the presence of isoleucine metabolites is a hallmark of maple syrup urine disease. Lactic acid and ketones are also detectable on organic acid analysis but are not always well correlated with plasma levels. Common Name Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) Class Small Molecule Description Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. When present in sufficiently high levels, Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, and Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type III. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I (Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type I, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA1, or GAT1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyGlutaric acid (glutarik asit), glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs). Babies with Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Macrocephaly is amongst the earliest signs of GA1. GA1 also causes secondary carnitine deficiency because Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), like other organic acids, is detoxified by carnitine. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to h ...Read more Mechanism of Toxicity Accumulation of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) in the body has been shown to be toxic. The accumulation of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) ranging from slightly or intermittently elevated urinary Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) to gross organic aciduria occurs in Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type 1 is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is involved in the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, Uses/Sources This is an endogenously produced metabolite found in the human body. It is used in metabolic reactions, catabolic reactions or waste generation. Minimum Risk Level Not Available Health Effects Chronically high levels of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) are associated with at least 3 inborn errors of metabolism including: Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria Type I and Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria Type III. Clinical Information Acylcarnitine analysis is included in newborn screening blood testing and is utilized for detection of several inborn errors of metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAOD) and organic acidemias (OA). A limitation of this analytic method is its inability to differentiate between several isomers. Additional testing of 2-hydroxy Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (2OH-GA), 3-hydroxy Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (3OH-GA), Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (GA), methylsuccinic acid (MSA), and ethylmalonic acid (EMA) by LC-MS/MS allows better differentiation among C4-acylcarnitine and glutarylcarnitine/C10-OH isomers. Glutarylcarnitine (C5-DC) is elevated in Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type 1 (GA-1), but is not differentiated from C10-OH acylcarnitine. GA-1, is caused by a deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase and is characterized by bilateral striatal brain injury leading to dystonia, often a result of acute neurologic crises triggered by illness. Individuals with GA-1 typically show elevations of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) and 3OH-GA, even in those considered to be "low excretors." Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) Class Small Molecule Description Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. When present in sufficiently high levels, Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, and Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type III. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I (Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type I, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA1, or GAT1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH). Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyGlutaric acid (glutarik asit), glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs). Babies with Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly). Macrocephaly is amongst the earliest signs of GA1. GA1 also causes secondary carnitine deficiency because Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), like other organic acids, is detoxified by carnitine. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to h ...Read more DRUG INTERACTION Acetazolamide The excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be decreased when combined with Acetazolamide. Acetylsalicylic acid The excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid. Acyclovir The excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be decreased when combined with Acyclovir. Adefovir dipivoxil The excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be decreased when combined with Adefovir dipivoxil. Allopurinol The excretion of Allopurinol can be decreased when combined with Glutaric acid (glutarik asit). Alprostadil The excretion of Alprostadil can be decreased when combined with Glutaric acid (glutarik asit). Aminohippuric acid The excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be decreased when combined with Aminohippuric acid. Aminophenazone The excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be decreased when combined with Aminophenazone. Amoxicillin The excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be decreased when combined with Amoxicillin. Antipyrine The excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be decreased when combined with Antipyrine. A limitation of this analytic method is its inability to differentiate between several isomers. Additional testing of 2-hydroxy Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (2OH-GA), 3-hydroxy Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (3OH-GA), Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (GA), methylsuccinic acid (MSA), and ethylmalonic acid (EMA) by LC-MS/MS allows better differentiation among C4-acylcarnitine and glutarylcarnitine/C10-OH isomers. Glutarylcarnitine (C5-DC) is elevated in Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type 1 (GA-1), but is not differentiated from C10-OH acylcarnitine. GA-1, is caused by a deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase and is characterized by bilateral striatal brain injury leading to dystonia, often a result of acute neurologic crises triggered by illness. Individuals with GA-1 typically show elevations of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) and 3OH-GA, even in those considered to be "low excretors." Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia (GA-2), also known as multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), is caused by defects in either the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. This disease can be severe and is often fatal in the first weeks of life, with typical symptoms of hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, metabolic acidosis, dysmorphic features, cardiac defects or arrhythmias, renal cysts, and fatty infiltration of the liver. GA-2 can have a milder presentation, also known as ethylmalonic-adipic aciduria, with Reye-like illnesses in childhood and muscle weakness in childhood and adulthood. In addition to elevations in Glutaric acid (glutarik asit), individuals with GA-2 can also show increased EMA, MSA, and 2OH-GA. Reference Values 2-OH Glutaric acid (glutarik asit): < or =25 nmol/mL 3-OH Glutaric acid (glutarik asit): < or =1.5 nmol/mL Glutaric acid (glutarik asit): < or =1.5 nmol/mL Methylsuccinic acid: < or =0.45 nmol/mL Ethylmalonic acid: < or =3.5 nmol/mL Normal levels of EMA in the context of elevated C4 is consistent with a diagnosis of isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IBDH) deficiency. Elevation of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (GA) and 3-hydroxy Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (3OH-GA) are consistent with a diagnosis of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia type 1 (GA-1). Elevation of GA, 2-hydroxy Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (2OH-GA), 3OH-GA, EMA, and MSA are consistent with a diagnosis of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia (GA-2). 2. Kolker S, Christensen E, Leonar JV, et al: Diagnosis and management of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I-revised recommendations. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011;34:677-694 3. Frerman FE, Goodman SI: Chapter 103: Defects of electron transfer flavoprotein and electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase: Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia Type II. In Scriver's Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. Edited by CR Scriver, AL Beaudet, D Valle, et al. Accessed 8/17/17. Available at Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria Type I 1) Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria IIA (GA IIA) is the neonatal form of glutaricaciduria II. This form of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria II is a very rare, X-linked hereditary disorder characterized by large amounts of glutaric and other acids in blood and urine. The disorder is caused by dysfunction of the electron-transferring flavoprotein in the mitochondria. 2) Glutarica aciduria IIB (GA IIB; ethylmalonic adipicaciduria) is the adult form of glutaricaciduria II. This milder form of the disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Acidity of the body tissues (metabolic acidosis), and a low blood sugar level (hypoglycemia) without an elevated level of ketones in body tissues (ketosis), occur during adulthood. Large amounts of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) in the blood and urine are caused by a deficiency of the enzyme multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria II" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.) Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria III is an autosomal recessive genetic condition characterized by accumulation or excretion of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) and caused by mutations in the C7ORF10 gene. Symptoms vary and some individuals show no symptoms Goodman SI, Frerman FE. Organic acidemias due to defects in lysine oxidation: 2-ketoadipic acidemia and Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)emia. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, et al. Eds. The Metabolic Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill Companies. New York, NY; 1995:1451-60. 3.6. Effect of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) on Caspase 3 Transcript and Protein Levels Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to monitor mRNA expression of the apoptotic executioner caspase 3 (Figure 9(a)). The comparative method was used to analyse relative expression levels. Caspase 3 mRNA expression at 6 hours after treatment with 1, 10, 25, and 50 mM GA was upregulated about 1.40-fold, 1.67-fold, and 1.95-fold, respectively, compared to control. Thus GA might induce apoptosis via caspase 3 activation. 4. Discussion Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by high levels of GA, 3-hydroxyGlutaric acid (glutarik asit) (3-OHGA), glutaconic acid, and glutaryl-CoA in body fluids as well as degenerative changes in the striatal and frontotemporal cortical neurons. A deficiency of cerebral GCDH activity is attributed to the development of neurological damage in GA I patients. However, the comprehension of the degeneration mechanism in the basal ganglia still remains partial. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is the organic compound with the formula C3H6(COOH)2 . Although the related "linear" dicarboxylic acids adipic and succinic acids are water-soluble only to a few percent at room temperature, the water-solubility of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is over 50% (w/w). Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan. Defects in this metabolic pathway can lead to a disorder called Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria, where toxic byproducts build up and can cause severe encephalopathy. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can be prepared by the ring-opening of butyrolactone with potassium cyanide to give the mixed potassium carboxylate-nitrile that is hydrolyzed to the diacid.[1] Alternatively hydrolysis, followed by oxidation of dihydropyran gives Glutaric acid (glutarik asit). It can also be prepared from reacting 1,3-dibromopropane with sodium or potassium cyanide to obtain the dinitrile, followed by hydrolysis. 1,5-Pentanediol, a common plasticizer and precursor to polyesters is manufactured by hydrogenation of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) and its derivatives.[2] Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) itself has been used in the production of polymers such as polyester polyols, polyamides. The odd number of carbon atoms (i.e. 5) is useful in decreasing polymer elasticity.[citation needed] Uvitonic acid is obtained by the action of ammonia on Glutaric acid (glutarik asit). Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.[3] Acute hazards include the fact that this compound may be harmful by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption.[3] Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) (Pentanedioic Acid) is a linear dicarboxylic acid. It has been prepared by oxidizing cyclopentane, cyclopentanol and cyclopentanone.[9] Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is a pentanedioic acid. On exposure to X-rays, Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) crystals generate two stable free radicals. These free radicals have been investigated by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) technique.[5] Presence of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) in urine and plasma is an indicator of type I Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria (GA-I). Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is formed as an intermediate during the catabolism of lysine in mammals.[3] Electron spin resonance spectra of radical (CO2H)CH2CH2CH(CO2H formed in Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) crystal after γ-irradiation is reported to remains trapped in it.[2] Polymorphism of Glycine-Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) co-crystals has been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.[4] Application of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may be employed as starting reagent in the synthesis of glutaric anhydride.[9] Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. When present in sufficiently high levels, Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. Chronically high levels of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including Glutaric acid (glutarik asit)uria type I Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is the organic compound with the formula C3H6(COOH)2 . Although the related "linear" dicarboxylic acids adipic and succinic acids are water-soluble only to a few percent at room temperature, the water-solubility of Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) is over 50% (w/w). Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) has the lowest melting point among dicarboxylic acids (98 C); it is very soluble in water and the solution in water is a medium strong acid. Short-term exposure to Glutaric acid (glutarik asit) may cause irritation to the eyes, skin and the respiratory tract.

Glutaric acid is a linear dicarboxylic acid. 
On exposure to X-rays, glutaric acid crystals generate two stable free radicals. 
Glutaric acid is formed as an intermediate during the catabolism of lysine in mammals. 

CAS Number: 110-94-1
EC Number: 203-817-2
Chemical formula: C5H8O4
Molar mass: 132.12 g/mol

GLUTARIC ACID, Pentanedioic acid, 110-94-1, 1,5-Pentanedioic acid, glutarate, 1,3-Propanedicarboxylic acid, Pentandioic acid, n-Pyrotartaric acid, propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, UNII-H849F7N00B, CHEBI:17859, MFCD00004410, Carboxylic acids, C6-18 and C5-15-di-, NSC9238, H849F7N00B, DSSTox_CID_1654, DSSTox_RID_76266, DSSTox_GSID_21654, CAS-110-94-1, HSDB 5542, NSC 9238, EINECS 203-817-2, BRN 1209725, Glutarsaeure, Pentandioate, AI3-24247, 1czc, 1,5-Pentanedioate, Glutaric acid, 99%, 4lh3, 1,3-Propanedicarboxylate, WLN: QV3VQ, (C4-C6) Dibasic acids, pentanedioate;Glutaric acid, bmse000406, Glutaric Acid and Anhydride, SCHEMBL7414, 4-02-00-01934, Pentanedioic acid Glutaric acid, Carboxylic acids, di-, C4-6, CHEMBL1162495, DTXSID2021654, ZINC388706, NSC-9238, Tox21_202448, Tox21_302871, BDBM50485550, s3152, AKOS000118800, CS-W009536, DB03553, HY-W008820, LS41863, MCULE-4286022994, NCGC00249226-01, NCGC00256456-01, NCGC00259997-01, 68937-69-9, AS-13132, BP-21143, H402, SY029948, FT-0605446, G0069, G0245, C00489, D70283, A802271, Q409622, Glutaric Acid (ca. 50% in Water, ca. 4.3mol/L), J-011915, Q-201163, Z57127454, 78FA13BF-E0C0-4EFC-948C-534CF45044E3, F2191-0242, Glutaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Glutaric acid, 1,3-Propanedicarboxylate, 1,5-Pentanedioate, 1,5-Pentanedioic acid, 110-94-1, 1209725, 203-817-2, Acide glutarique, Glutarsäure, hydrogen glutarate, MFCD00004410, n-Pyrotartaric acid, Pentanedioic acid, 1,3-PROPANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, 111-16-0, 154184-99-3, 19136-99-3, 203-817-2MFCD00004410, 271-678-5, 273-081-5, 4-02-00-01934, 43087-19-0, 68603-87-2, 68937-69-9, 8065-59-6, Glutaric acid (Pentanedioic acid), glutaric acid, reagent, Gua, hydron, Pentandioate, Pentandioic acid, pentanedioate, Pentanedioic-2,2,4,4-d4 Acid, Pentanedioic-3,3-d2 Acid, Pentanedioic-d6 Acid, Propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, Propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid|Pentanedioic acid,Glutaric acid, WLN: QV3VQ

Glutaric acid (Pentanedioic Acid) is a linear dicarboxylic acid.
Glutaric acid has been prepared by oxidizing cyclopentane, cyclopentanol and cyclopentanone.

Glutaric acid is a pentanedioic acid.
On exposure to X-rays, glutaric acid crystals generate two stable free radicals.

These free radicals have been investigated by electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) technique.
Presence of glutaric acid in urine and plasma is an indicator of type I glutaric aciduria (GA-I).

Glutaric acid is formed as an intermediate during the catabolism of lysine in mammals.
Electron spin resonance spectra of radical (CO2H)CH2CH2CH(CO2H formed in glutaric acid crystal after γ-irradiation is reported to remains trapped in Glutaric acid.
Polymorphism of Glycine-glutaric acid co-crystals has been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid.
Glutaric acid is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan.

Glutaric acid may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.
When present in sufficiently high levels, glutaric acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin.

An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems.
A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels.

Chronically high levels of glutaric acid are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including glutaric aciduria type I, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, and glutaric aciduria type III.
Glutaric aciduria type I (glutaric acidemia type I, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, GA1, or GAT1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan due to a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH).

Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (e.g. glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs).
Babies with glutaric acidemia type I are often born with unusually large heads (macrocephaly).

Macrocephaly is amongst the earliest signs of GA1.
GA1 also causes secondary carnitine deficiency because glutaric acid, like other organic acids, is detoxified by carnitine.

Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis.
Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35.

In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy).
These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death.

These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated glutaric aciduria.
Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development.

In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures.
Treatment of glutaric aciduria is mainly based on the restriction of lysine intake, supplementation of carnitine, and an intensification of therapy during intercurrent illnesses.

The major principle of dietary treatment is to reduce the production of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid by restriction of natural protein, in general, and of lysine, in particular.
Glutaric acid has also been found in Escherichia

Glutaric acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid which has simple 5 carbon linear dicarboxylic acid (HO2C−R−CO2H).
The molecular or chemical formula of Glutaric acid is C5H8O4.

When pentanedioic acid is present in a high amount Glutaric acid acts as a metabotoxin and as an acidogen.
Glutaric acid can be synthesized by the following process

The ring-opening of butyrolactone (C4H6O2) with potassium cyanide (KCN) to produce potassium carboxylate-nitrile.
Glutaric acid is hydrolyzed further to diacid.

Oxidizing dihydropyran will produce glutaric acid.
Glutaric acid can also be synthesized by treating 1,3-dibromopropane with potassium or sodium cyanide to produce dinitrile.
Further, Glutaric acid is hydrolysed to obtain glutaric acid.

Glutaric acid is used as the raw material for organic synthesis, pharmaceutical intermediate and synthetic resin.
Glutaric acid serves as a precursor in the production of polyester polyols, polyamides, ester plasticizers and corrosion inhibitors.

Glutaric acid is useful to decrease polymer elasticity and in the synthesis surfactants and metal finishing compounds.
Glutaric acid acts as an intermediate during the catabolism of lysine in mammals.

Glutaric acid, also known as 1,5-pentanedioate or pentanedioic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.

Glutaric acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Glutaric acid is an odorless tasting compound.

Glutaric acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as eddoes (Colocasia antiquorum), pitangas (Eugenia uniflora), narrowleaf cattails (Typha angustifolia), chicory leaves (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum), and wax apples (Eugenia javanica).
This could make glutaric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Glutaric acid, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis and irritable bowel syndrome; glutaric acid has also been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including glutaric aciduria I, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency, and short chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency.

Glutaric acid is a dinucleotide phosphate that exists in two forms: the alpha form, which has a high phase transition temperature and is insoluble in water; and the beta form, which has a low phase transition temperature and is soluble in water.
Glutaric acid can be used as an analytical reagent to identify the type of nucleotides present in samples.

Glutaric acid can also be used as an experimental solvent for other compounds that are not soluble in water.
The toxicity of glutaric acid has been studied extensively and found to be low.

This compound does not appear to have any adverse effects on human health or animals at doses up to 1g/kg body weight.
Glutaric acid has been shown to have anti-infectious properties by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
The effectiveness of glutaric acid against infectious diseases appears to depend on Glutaric acid ability to block protein synthesis by inhibiting enzymes such as glutathione reductase

Glutaric acid is the organic compound with the formula C3H6(COOH).
Although the related "linear" dicarboxylic acids adipic and succinic acids are water-soluble only to a few percent at room temperature, the water-solubility of glutaric acid is over 50% (w/w).

Physical Description of Glutaric acid:
Glutaric acid appears as colorless crystals or white solid.

Applications of Glutaric acid:
Glutaric acid may be employed as starting reagent in the synthesis of glutaric anhydride.
Glutaric acid may be used for the following studies:

Complexation with DL-lysine.
Complexes have been reported to possess zwitterionic lysinium ions (positively charged) and semi-glutarate ions (negatively charged).

Synthesis of complexes with L-arginine and L-histidine.
Preparation of glycine-glutaric acid co-crystals.
Phase transition studies of these cocrystals have been reported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, polarized Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.

Glutaric acid is used as the raw material for organic synthesis, pharmaceutical intermediate and synthetic resin.
Glutaric acid serves as a precursor in the production of polyester polyols, polyamides, ester plasticizers and corrosion inhibitors.

Glutaric acid is useful to decrease polymer elasticity and in the synthesis surfactants and metal finishing compounds.
Glutaric acid acts as an intermediate during the catabolism of lysine in mammals.

Uses of Glutaric acid:
We prepare 1, 5-Pentanediol that is a common plasticizer and a precursor to polyesters by hydrogenation of glutamic acid and Glutaric acid derivatives.
In addition, we use glutaric acid itself in the production of polymers such as polyamides, and polyols.

Also, the odd number of the carbon atom that is 5 is very useful in decreasing the polymer elasticity.
Moreover, we get uvitonic acid by the action of ammonia on glutaric acid.

Hydrogenation of glutaric acid and Glutaric acid derivatives produces a placticizers.
Used to produce many polymers such as polyesters, polyamides.

1,5-Pentanediol, a common plasticizer and precursor to polyesters is manufactured by hydrogenation of glutaric acid and Glutaric acid derivatives.
Glutaric acid itself has been used in the production of polymers such as polyester polyols, polyamides.

The odd number of carbon atoms (i.e. 5) is useful in decreasing polymer elasticity.
Uvitonic acid is obtained by the action of ammonia on glutaric acid.
Pyrogallol can be produced from glutaric diester.

Industry Uses:
Adsorbents and absorbents
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Intermediates
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Adhesives and sealants
Water treatment products

Other Uses:
Buffering
Flavouring
Processing aid not otherwise specified
Processing aids and additives

Glutaric Acid Formula and Structure:
The chemical formula of glutaric acid is C3H6(COOH)2.
Glutaric acid is an alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid that has linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.

In addition, Glutaric acid plays a role as a human metabolite and Daphnia Magna metabolite.
Furthermore, Glutaric acid is the conjugate acid of glutarate(1- ) and glutamate.
Glutaric acid molecular weight is 132.12 g/mol.

Biochemistry of Glutaric acid:
Glutaric acid is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids, including lysine and tryptophan.
Defects in this metabolic pathway can lead to a disorder called glutaric aciduria, where toxic byproducts build up and can cause severe encephalopathy.

Naturally, the body produces glutaric acid during the metabolism of some amino acids that include tryptophan and lysine.
In addition, defects in this metabolic pathway can lead to a disorder called glutaric aciduria, where toxic byproducts build up and can cause severe encephalopathy.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Glutaric acid:

Human Metabolite Information:

Tissue Locations:
Placenta
Prostate

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm

Properties of Glutaric Acid:
Glutaric acid appears as a colorless crystal or white solid.
Also, Glutaric acid boiling point is 303oC or 200oC at 20 mmHg.

On the other hand, Glutaric acid melting point is in between 97.5to98oC.
While the relating ‘linear’ dicarboxylic acids adipic and succinic acids are soluble in water only to a few percent at room temperature.

However, glutaric acid is soluble in water and freely soluble in absolute alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and sulfuric acid.
In contrast, Glutaric acid is slightly soluble in petroleum ether.
Glutaric acid has a density of 1.4 g/cm3.

Production of Glutaric acid:
Glutaric acid can be prepared by the ring-opening of butyrolactone with potassium cyanide to give the mixed potassium carboxylate-nitrile that is hydrolyzed to the diacid.
Alternatively hydrolysis, followed by oxidation of dihydropyran gives glutaric acid.
Glutaric acid can also be prepared from reacting 1,3-dibromopropane with sodium or potassium cyanide to obtain the dinitrile, followed by hydrolysis.

We can produce glutaric acid by the ring-opening of butyrolactone with potassium cyanide to provide the mixed potassium carboxylate-nitrile that is hydrolyzed to the diacid.

An alternative method is a hydrolysis that is followed by oxidation of dihydropyran that gives glutaric acid.
We can also prepare by reacting 1, 3-dibromopropane with sodium or potassium cyanide to acquire the dinitrile followed by hydrolysis.

Manufacturing Methods of Glutaric acid:
Manufactured from cyclopentanone by oxidative ring fission with hot 50% nitric acid in the presence of vanadium cyanide.
Lab prepn by acid hydrolysis of trimethylene cyanide or of methylenedimalonic ester.

Oxidation of cyclopentanone with 50% nitric acid in the presence of vanadium pentoxide or with air in the presence of a catalyst; by-product in the production of adipic acid from cyclohexane by oxidation with air & nitric acid

General Manufacturing Information of Glutaric acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Utilities

15,000 cu m/hr offgas containing 10-15% sulfur dioxide & 0.5-2 mg h2s/cu m is scrubbed in 4 successive packed columns @ 35 °c with 40-55 cu m/hr 30% aq glutaric acid.
A composition for neutralizing or destroying a susceptible virus on infected tissue of a living mammal contains an effective concn of glutaric acid in pharmaceutical vehicle as well as paper or cloth coated or impregnated with the virucide.
Glutaric acid may be an essential precursor in the biosynthesis of biotin by a species of agrobacterium.

Solubility of Glutaric acid:
Soluble in water, alcohol, benzene and chloroform.
Slightly soluble in petroleum ether.

Reactivity Profile of Glutaric acid:
Glutarıc Acıd is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.

They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.
Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.

Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0.

Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.
Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.

Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Glutaric acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.

Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.

Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.

Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat.

A wide variety of products is possible.
Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions This compound reacts with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.

Safety of Glutaric acid:
Glutaric acid may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.
Acute hazards include the fact that this compound may be harmful by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption.

First Aid of Glutaric acid:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Glutaric acid:
Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.
A water spray may also be used.

Spillage Disposal of Glutaric acid:
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Then wash away with plenty of water.

Handling and Storage of Glutaric acid:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.

Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this chemical at ambient temperatures, and keep Glutaric acid away from oxidizing materials.

Safe Storage of Glutaric acid:
Separated from bases.

Glutaric Acid Health and Safety Hazards:
Glutaric acid can cause irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin.
The compound has an acute/chronic effects like Glutaric acid is harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.

Also, when heated to decomposition Glutaric acid may emit acrid smoke, toxic fumes of carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, and irritating fumes.
If someone inhales Glutaric acid then Glutaric acid can also cause sore throat and cough also Glutaric acid touches the skin or eyes then Glutaric acid causes redness and pain in the area.
Glutaric acid ingestion can cause abdominal pain.

Identifiers of Glutaric acid:
CAS Number: 110-94-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:17859
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1162495
ChemSpider: 723
DrugBank: DB03553
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.471
EC Number: 203-817-2
KEGG: C00489
PubChem CID: 743
UNII: H849F7N00B
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2021654
InChI:
InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c6-4(7)2-1-3-5(8)9/h1-3H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9) check
Key: JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C5H8O4/c6-4(7)2-1-3-5(8)9/h1-3H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)
Key: JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYAU
SMILES: C(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O

Properties of Glutaric acid:
Chemical formula: C5H8O4
Molar mass: 132.12 g/mol
Melting point: 95 to 98 °C (203 to 208 °F; 368 to 371 K)
Boiling point: 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) /20 mmHg

Molecular Weight: 132.11
XLogP3: -0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 132.04225873
Monoisotopic Mass: 132.04225873
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 104
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physicochemical Information of Glutaric acid:
Boiling point: 302 - 304 °C (1013 hPa) (slow decomposition)
Density: 1.429 g/cm3 (15 °C)
Melting Point: 97.5 - 98 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.022 hPa (18.5 °C)
Solubility: 640 g/l

Specifications of Glutaric acid:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99,0 %(m)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 95 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 99 °C
Identity (IR): conforms

Names of Glutaric acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Pentanedioic acid

Other names:
Glutaric acid
Propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
1,3-Propanedicarboxylic acid
Pentanedioic acid
n-Pyrotartaric acid

wheat Peptide; Glutens; WHEAT GLUTEN; GLUTEN; Gluten (wheat); gluten crude; TRITICUM VULGARE (WHEAT) GLUTEN; from wheat 80% protein cas no: 8002-80-0

GLYCERETH-17 COCOATE GLYCERETH-17 COCOATE GLYCERETH-17 COCOATE is classified as : Emulsifying Surfactant COSING REF No: 76272 Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.,.alpha'.,.alpha''.-1,2,3-propanetriyltris[.omega.-hydroxy- (17 mol EO average molar ratio), ester with fatty acids derived from coconut oil GLYCERETH-17 COCOATE is an extra-mild non-ionic surfactant with co-emulsifying and solubilizing properties. Ecological product. It doesn’t need any risk or safety warnings on its label. What Is Glycereth-17 Cocoate? Glycereth-17 cocoate is a slightly soluble liquid or solid that is derived from coconut oil.[1,2] What Does Glycereth-17 Cocoate Do in Our products? Glycereth-17 cocoate is an emulsifier and a surfactant.[3,4] It is often found in foaming hand sanitizers.[5] Why Puracy Uses Glycereth-17 Cocoate We use glycereth-17 cocoate as a cleanser and to keep ingredients from separating. Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care and cleaning product quality standards.[7,8] How Glycereth-17 Cocoate Is Made Glycereth-17 cocoate is an ester of coconut acid and a polyethylene glycol either of glycerin. Glycereth-17 Cocoate Laundry & Cleaning (Home Care), Laundry & Cleaning (Industrial & Institutional Cleaning) Non-Ionic surfactant with emulsifying properties for concentrated formulations. Glycereth-17 Cocoate Personal Care (Hair Care), Personal Care (Skin Care) Mild solubilizer. Category Non-ionic surfactant > Polyether >> Ester Polyether >>> Ester Polyoxyethylene Ether >>>> Polyoxyethylene Glyceryl Esters Properties Appearance (1), liquid to solid. Solubility slightly soluble in water to soluble in water. The solubility increases with the increase of EO number. Stability stable. Easily oxidized. Under strong acid or strong alkali condition, easily hydrolyzed. Risk Solid (or liquid) form: flammable material; irritation, irritation to skin, eye, respiratory system. Harmful products of combustion are CO, CO2 and so on. Contact with strong oxidants, can cause to burn. GHS (Rev.8) label: Ecology may be hazardous to environment. Water body should be given special attention. Biodegradability biodegradable. Characteristics excellent emulsifying, dispersing, solubilizing, lubricating abilities. Performance is related to EO number. Note (1), The by-product 1,4-dioxane is a possible carcinogen. Generally, can be acceptable when concentration of 1,4-dioxane is less than 30ppm or less. (2), Be careful with using in children's products. Further explanation (a), On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight. (b), Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances or furtherly test for microorganisms, according to local regulations and standards. Major Uses 1, Typical applications Use as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent. Use as solubilizing agent. Use as plasticizer. Use as lubricant. 2, Personal care products Conditioning agent, emulsifying agent, humectant in personal care products. Product members Glycereth-2 Cocoate; Glycereth-5 Cocoate; Glycereth-7 Cocoate; Glycereth-17 Cocoate; Glycereth-20 Cocoate INCI name GLYCERETH-17 COCOATE Alternative names No information available Origin Chemical Definition Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),.alpha.,.alpha'.,.alpha".-1,2,3-propanetriyltris[.omega.-hydroxy(17 mol EO average molar ratio), ester with fatty acids derived from coconut oil INCI function Surfactant, Emulsifying The INCI function describes solely the purpose of a cosmetic ingredient. It does not reveal its actual effects and skin compatibility. You'll find these and other characteristics below. Applications Products application: hard surface cleaners, laundry products, HDLD, HDPD,···. Properties Non-ionic mild surfactant. Ecological and toxicological advantages against typical non-ionic (ethoxylated fatty alcohols). Natural source - Vegetable origin.

Glycerin tripalmitate is a white, solid compound with a waxy texture.
Glycerin tripalmitate has a characteristic odor and is odorless.

CAS number: 555-44-2
EC number: 209-008-0



APPLICATIONS


Glycerin tripalmitate is commonly used as a texturizer and stabilizer in the production of margarine and spreads.
Glycerin tripalmitate enhances the smoothness, spreadability, and mouthfeel of food products.
Glycerin tripalmitate acts as an emulsifier in bakery products, helping to blend fat and water-based ingredients.

Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the formulation of confectionery, providing a creamy texture and improving shelf stability.
Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a moisturizing and emollient agent in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and balms.
Glycerin tripalmitate helps prevent moisture loss from the skin, keeping it hydrated and supple.

Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in lipsticks, providing a smooth application and long-lasting wear.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used as a binder in pharmaceutical tablet formulations, ensuring the integrity and strength of the tablets.
Glycerin tripalmitate is employed in solid dosage forms such as capsules, providing controlled release of active ingredients.

Glycerin tripalmitate acts as a lubricant in industrial applications, reducing friction and improving machinery performance.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in metalworking processes to enhance machining operations and reduce wear on cutting tools.

Glycerin tripalmitate finds application as a mold release agent in manufacturing processes, preventing sticking or adhesion.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in the formulation of printing inks, providing smoothness and gloss to the printed surface.

Glycerin tripalmitate acts as a carrier or matrix material in encapsulation processes, protecting and controlling the release of active ingredients.
Glycerin tripalmitate is employed in the production of candles, improving burn time, texture, and fragrance retention.
Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a coating ingredient in paint formulations, enhancing adhesion and durability.

Glycerin tripalmitate finds application as a release agent in the production of rubber and plastic products, facilitating demolding.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in the formulation of polishes and waxes for surfaces such as wood and leather, providing shine and protection.
Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a lubricant and processing aid in the plastic industry, aiding in molding and extrusion processes.

Glycerin tripalmitate acts as an adhesive component in industrial adhesives, providing tackiness and bonding properties.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in animal feed formulations, serving as a concentrated energy source for livestock.

Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the research and development of lipid-based drug delivery systems.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the study of emulsion science and formulation of stable emulsions for various applications.

Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a calibration standard in analytical techniques such as chromatography and spectroscopy.
Glycerin tripalmitate has versatile applications in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, industrial processes, and research, making it a valuable compound in multiple industries.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used as a plasticizer in the plastic industry, improving flexibility and reducing brittleness in plastic materials.

Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the formulation of adhesives for woodworking and construction purposes.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the production of wax-based coatings for surfaces such as paper, cardboard, and textiles.

Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a conditioning agent in hair care products, providing softness and manageability to the hair.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in the formulation of lip balms, providing hydration and protection to the lips.

Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the production of ointments and creams for pharmaceutical and dermatological use.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the formulation of sunscreen products, enhancing the dispersion of UV filters and improving their efficacy.
Glycerin tripalmitate is employed in the production of pressed powders in the cosmetic industry, providing binding and smoothing properties.

Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a lubricant in the processing of polymers, facilitating extrusion and injection molding.
Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the production of resin-based art materials, providing texture and workability.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used as a film-forming agent in the coating of tablets to improve swallowability and mask unpleasant tastes.

Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the production of solid perfumes, providing a long-lasting fragrance release.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the formulation of stick foundations, providing a creamy texture and smooth application.
Glycerin tripalmitate acts as a suspending agent in oral suspensions, helping to disperse insoluble particles uniformly.
Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the production of suppositories, enhancing their stability and ease of insertion.

Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a lubricant and release agent in the production of rubber goods and molded parts.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in the formulation of personal lubricants, providing smoothness and reducing friction during intimate activities.
Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the production of specialty soaps, contributing to their texture and cleansing properties.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the formulation of wax-based crayons, improving color transfer and durability.

Glycerin tripalmitate acts as a spreading agent in agricultural applications, aiding the uniform distribution of pesticides and fertilizers.
Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the production of biodegradable plastics, contributing to their mechanical and thermal properties.

Glycerin tripalmitate is used in the formulation of pharmaceutical creams and gels for topical drug delivery.
Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the production of flavor and fragrance encapsulation systems, improving stability and release characteristics.
Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins and nutraceuticals in food and dietary supplements.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the production of specialty inks, such as those used for gravure printing and flexography.


Glycerin tripalmitate (tripalmitin) has several applications across different industries.
Some of its main applications include:

Food Industry:
Glycerin tripalmitate is used as a food additive and ingredient.
Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a texturizer, stabilizer, and emulsifier in various food products, such as margarine, spreads, baked goods, confectionery, and processed meats.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:
Glycerin tripalmitate is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Glycerin tripalmitate is employed as a thickening agent, emollient, and moisturizer in creams, lotions, balms, lipsticks, and other skincare formulations.

Pharmaceuticals:
Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the pharmaceutical industry.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized as a binder in tablet formulations, helping to hold the active ingredients together and provide cohesive tablets.

Industrial Lubricants:
Glycerin tripalmitate has lubricating properties, making it suitable for use in industrial lubricants, greases, and cutting fluids.
Glycerin tripalmitate helps reduce friction and enhance the performance of machinery and equipment.

Research and Development:
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in research and development activities as a standard reference material.
Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a calibration standard for analytical techniques, such as chromatography and spectroscopy.

Encapsulation:
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in encapsulation processes, where it acts as a carrier or matrix material for encapsulating active ingredients, flavors, or fragrances.
Glycerin tripalmitate helps protect the encapsulated substances and control their release.

Coatings and Inks:
Glycerin tripalmitate can be found in coatings and inks, particularly in the formulation of wax-based coatings and printing inks.
Glycerin tripalmitate imparts gloss, smoothness, and moisture resistance to the coatings and inks.

Industrial Applications:
Glycerin tripalmitate is employed in various industrial applications, including metalworking, lubricant additives, plasticizers, and mold release agents.

Candle Making:
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in candle making as a component of wax formulations.
Glycerin tripalmitate helps improve the texture, burn time, and fragrance retention of candles.

Paints and Coatings:
Glycerin tripalmitate is employed in the formulation of paints and coatings, particularly in oil-based systems.
Glycerin tripalmitate acts as a binder, providing adhesion and durability to the paint film.

Release Agent:
Glycerin tripalmitate is used as a release agent in various manufacturing processes.
Glycerin tripalmitate helps prevent sticking or adhesion of materials to molds, surfaces, or equipment during production.

Polishing and Finishing Products:
Glycerin tripalmitate is found in polishes, waxes, and finishing products for surfaces such as wood, leather, and furniture.
Glycerin tripalmitate enhances the shine, protection, and smoothness of these surfaces.

Industrial Adhesives:
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the formulation of industrial adhesives, providing tackiness and adhesive properties to the products.

Plastic Industry:
Glycerin tripalmitate finds application in the plastic industry as a lubricant, processing aid, and anti-blocking agent during plastic molding and extrusion processes.

Animal Nutrition:
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in animal feed formulations.
Glycerin tripalmitate provides a concentrated source of energy and helps improve the texture and palatability of feed pellets.

Research and Development:
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in various research and development applications, including lipid studies, emulsion science, and drug delivery systems.

Surfactant Systems:
Glycerin tripalmitate can be employed as an ingredient in surfactant systems, where it helps stabilize emulsions and improve the texture of personal care and household cleaning products.

Seed Coating:
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in seed coating formulations to improve the flowability, dispersibility, and adherence of active ingredients onto seeds.



DESCRIPTION


Glycerin tripalmitate is a white, solid compound with a waxy texture.
Glycerin tripalmitate has a characteristic odor and is odorless.

Glycerin tripalmitate has a high melting point, typically around 63-65 degrees Celsius.
Glycerin tripalmitate is insoluble in water.
Glycerin tripalmitate is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and ether.

Glycerin tripalmitate appears as small crystals or flakes.
Glycerin tripalmitate is derived from the esterification of glycerol with three molecules of palmitic acid.
Glycerin tripalmitate is a triglyceride, belonging to the class of neutral lipids.
Glycerin tripalmitate formula of glycerin tripalmitate is C₅₃H₁₀₀O₆.

Glycerin tripalmitate is commonly found in natural fats and oils, particularly palm oil and animal fats.
Glycerin tripalmitate serves as an energy source in living organisms.
Glycerin tripalmitate is used in various industrial applications, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Glycerin tripalmitate acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients.
Glycerin tripalmitate serves as a stabilizer, enhancing the consistency and shelf life of products.

Glycerin tripalmitate functions as a thickening agent, providing viscosity and texture to formulations.
Glycerin tripalmitate is utilized in the production of margarine, spreads, and baked goods, improving their texture and stability.
Glycerin tripalmitate is commonly found in skincare products, providing moisturizing and smoothing properties.
Glycerin tripalmitate contributes to the creamy texture and emollient effects of lotions, creams, and lip balms.

Glycerin tripalmitate is used in the formulation of solid dosage forms in the pharmaceutical industry.
Glycerin tripalmitate acts as a binder, helping to hold tablets together and maintain their integrity.

Glycerin tripalmitate, also known as glycerol tripalmitate or tripalmitin, is a chemical compound classified as a triglyceride.
Glycerin tripalmitate is an ester formed from the esterification of glycerol (glycerin) with three molecules of palmitic acid.
The chemical formula of glycerin tripalmitate is C₅₃H₁₀₀O₆.

Glycerin tripalmitate is a solid substance with a white or off-white color, and it has a melting point of approximately 63-65 degrees Celsius.
Glycerin tripalmitate is primarily found in natural fats and oils, such as palm oil and animal fats.
Glycerin tripalmitate is widely used in various industries, including food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and research, due to its functional properties as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickening agent.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C₅₃H₁₀₀O₆
Molecular Weight: 853.43 g/mol
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: White or off-white solid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 63-65 degrees Celsius
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and ether
Density: 0.942 g/cm³
Refractive Index: 1.433-1.437
Viscosity: 6.17 mPa·s at 20 degrees Celsius
Flash Point: >200 degrees Celsius (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 400 degrees Celsius
pH Value: Not applicable (pH neutral)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Flammability: Not flammable
Explosion Limits: Not applicable (non-explosive)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhalation of the compound occurs, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If respiratory symptoms develop, seek medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing, and administer oxygen if available.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical advice if irritation or any adverse effects persist.


Eye Contact:

If the compound comes into contact with the eyes, rinse them gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring to remove any contact lenses if present and easy to do so.
Seek immediate medical attention and continue rinsing the eyes during transport to the medical facility.


Ingestion:

If glycerin tripalmitate is ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and give the affected person a small amount of water to drink if they are conscious and able to swallow.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the medical staff with as much information as possible.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
When handling glycerin tripalmitate, it is advisable to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize the risk of exposure.
This may include gloves, safety goggles or glasses, and protective clothing.

Ventilation:
Ensure that the handling area is well-ventilated to prevent the accumulation of vapors or dust.
Use local exhaust ventilation or mechanical ventilation if necessary.

Avoid Direct Contact:
Avoid direct contact with the compound.
If handling in powder form, minimize the generation of dust by using appropriate handling techniques, such as closed systems or dust collection equipment.

Good Hygiene Practices:
Practice good hygiene measures, such as washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
Avoid touching the face, eyes, or mouth with contaminated hands.

Avoid Incompatible Materials:
Keep glycerin tripalmitate away from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkalis, as they may react with or degrade the compound.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to prevent the buildup of static electricity, as it may result in ignition or fire hazards.
Use grounding techniques and avoid frictional activities.


Storage:

Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Store glycerin tripalmitate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
Maintain storage temperatures below 40 degrees Celsius.

Fire Protection:
Keep the compound away from potential ignition sources, such as open flames, sparks, and heat-generating equipment.
Follow appropriate fire protection measures in the storage area.

Chemical Compatibility:
Store glycerin tripalmitate separately from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkalis, to prevent reactions or degradation.

Container Selection:
Store the compound in tightly sealed containers made of suitable materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or stainless steel, to prevent leakage or contamination.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers with the correct product name, hazards, and handling instructions.
This helps prevent confusion and ensures safe storage and handling.

Accessibility:
Store glycerin tripalmitate in a location that is only accessible to authorized personnel who are trained in its handling and aware of the associated hazards.

Spill and Leak Response:
Develop and implement procedures for spill and leak response, including containment measures and appropriate clean-up methods.
Dispose of waste material in accordance with local regulations.

Inventory Control:
Maintain proper inventory control to monitor storage conditions, expiration dates, and quantities of glycerin tripalmitate to minimize the risk of degradation or stock depletion.



SYNONYMS


Tripalmitin
Glyceryl Tripalmitate
Triglyceride Palmitin
Palmitic Acid Triglyceride
Glycerol Tripalmitate
Glycerol Palmitate
Glyceryl Palmitate Triester
Triglycerol Palmitate
Palmitoyl Glycerol
1,2,3-Tri-palmitoyl-glycerol
Glyceryl Tris(palmitate)
Triglyceride of Palmitic Acid
Palmitoyl Glycerin
1,2,3-Tri-palmitin
Glycerol Palmitate Triester
Glycerin Palmitate Triester
Tris(palmitoyl) Glycerol
Triglyceride C16
Tripalmitin Glyceride
Glycerin Palmitin
Glycerol Ester of Palmitic Acid
Palmitin
Palmitin Triglyceride
Glycerol Palmitic Acid Ester
Triglycerol Ester of Palmitic Acid
Palmitic Triglyceride
Tri-palmitoyl Glycerol
Palmitic Acid Glycerol Ester
Glyceryl Tripalmitate Palmitate
Glycerol Trihexadecanoate
Triglycerol Palmitate Ester
Glycerol Triester of Palmitic Acid
Glycerol Triglyceride Palmitate
Palmitoyl Glycerol Triester
Glycerol Tripalmitin
Tripalmitoyl Glycerol
Glyceryl Tri-palmitate
Triglycerol Palmitic Acid Ester
Glycerol Palmitic Acid Triester
Palmitoyl Glycerol Tri-palmitate
Glycerol Ester of Hexadecanoic Acid
Tri-palmitin Glyceride
Glycerol Esters of Palmitic Acid
Triglyceride Palmitate Ester
Glycerol 1,2,3-Tripalmitate
Palmitic Triglycerol
Tripalmitin Glyceride
Glycerol Tripalmitoyl Ester
Palmitic Acid Glycerol Triester
Glycerol Palmitic Triester
Tris(palmitoyl) Glycerol Ester
Glyceryl Palmitate Triglyceride
Triglyceride of Hexadecanoic Acid
Glycerol Tripalmitoylglycerol
Glycerin Tri-palmitoyl Ester
Palmitoyl Glycerol Palmitate
Triglyceride Palmitic Acid Triester
Glycerol Hexadecanoate Ester
Glycerol 1,2,3-Trihexadecanoate
Trihexadecanoyl Glycerol

SYNONYMS Glycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; Glyceritol; Glycic Alcohol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane; Trihydroxypropane; Clyzerin, Wasserfrei; Glyrol; Glysanin; Grocolene;CAS NO. 56-81-5

Glycerine; Glycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; Glyceritol; Glycic Alcohol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane; Trihydroxypropane; Clyzerin, Wasserfrei; Glyrol; Glysanin; Grocolene cas no: 56-81-5

Glycerine Monostearate Glycerine monostearate is composed of primary and auxiliary emulsifiers for a wide variety of personal care formulas. It is supplied as cream flakes. Glycerine monostearate is an emulsifier for a wide variety of personal care applications. Product: Cerasynt Stearates Industries: Personal Care Form: White to off-white flakes Use level: 0.25 - 3.0% Features & Benefits Nonionic auxiliary emulsifier Emulsion stabilizer Biodegradable 100% Natural Vegan suitable Impurities and other Glycerine monostearate risks According to a report in the International Journal of Toxicology by the cosmetic industry’s own Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) committee, impurities found in various PEG compounds include ethylene oxide; 1,4-dioxane; polycyclic aromatic compounds; and heavy metals such as lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, and arsenic. Many of these impurities are linked to cancer. PEG compounds often contain small amounts of ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide (found in PEG-4, PEG-7, PEG4-dilaurate, and PEG 100) is highly toxic — even in small doses — and was used in World War I nerve gas. Exposure to ethylene glycol during its production, processing and clinical use has been linked to increased incidents of leukemia as well as several types of cancer. Finally, there is 1,4-dioxane (found in PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG-32, PEG-75, PEG-150, PEG-14M, and PEG-20M), which, on top of being a known carcinogen, may also combine with atmospheric oxygen to form explosive peroxides — not exactly something you want going on your skin. Even though responsible manufacturers do make efforts to remove these impurities (1,4-dioxane that can be removed from cosmetics through vacuum stripping during processing without an unreasonable increase in raw material cost), the cosmetic and personal care product industry has shown little interest in doing so. Surprisingly, PEG compounds are also used by natural cosmetics companies. Properties Chemical formula C21H42O4 Molar mass 358.563 g·mol−1 Appearance White solid Density 1.03 g/cm3 Melting point (Mix) 57–65 °C (135–149 °F) (1-) 81 °C (178 °F) [1] (2-) 73–74 °C (163–165 °F) Solubility in water Insoluble If you find Glycerine monostearate in your cosmetics… Although you might find conflicting information online regarding Polyethylene Glycol, PEGs family and their chemical relatives, it is something to pay attention to when choosing cosmetic and personal care products. If you have sensitive or damaged skin it might be a good idea to avoid products containing PEGs. Using CosmEthics app you can easy add PEGs to personal alerts. In our last blog post we wrote about vegan ingredients. Natural glycols are a good alternative to PEGs, for example natural vegetable glycerin can be used as both moisturiser and emulsifier. CosmEthics vegan list can help you find products that use vegetable glycerin as wetting agent. At present, there is not enough information shown on product labels to enable you to determine whether PEG compounds are contaminated. But if you must buy a product containing PEGs just make sure that your PEGs are coming from a respected brand. Glyceryl stearate and Glycerine monostearate is a combination of two emulsifying ingredients. The stabilising effect of both means that the product remains blended and will not separate. Description Glyceryl stearate is a solid and waxy compound. It is made by reacting glycerine (a soap by-product) with stearic acid (a naturally occurring, vegetable fatty acid). Glycerine monostearate is an off-white, solid ester of polyethylene glycol (a binder and a softener) and stearic acid. Applications Ideal for styling creams/lotions, conditioners, body care, facial care, sun care Related Applications Personal Care Cosmetics Hair Care Skin Care Sun Care Related Benefits Personal Care Natural Vegan Suitable Related Functions Personal Care Emulsifiers Glyceryl Stearate. Glycerine monostearate ester acts as an emulsion stabilizer and non-ionic auxiliary emulsifier. Glycerine monostearate ester is suggested for use in creams and lotions, conditioners and styling creams/lotions, body care, face and body washes, facial care, after-sun, self-tanning, and sunscreen applications. The Cerasynt esters range provides a variety of emulsifiers to meet formulation requirements. PROPERTIES Auxiliary emulsifiers. APPLICATIONS A wide variety of personal care formulas. Glycerine monostearate is a premium quality nonionic stabilizer and emulsifier. Manufactured using the highest quality raw materials for batch-to-batch reproducibility. What Is Glycerine monostearate? Glycerine monostearate and Glycerine monostearate SE are esterification products of glycerin and stearic acid. Glycerine monostearate is a white or cream-colored wax-like solid. Glycerine monostearate is a "Self-Emulsifying" form of Glycerine monostearate that also contains a small amount of sodium and or potassium stearate. In cosmetics and personal care products, Glycerine monostearate is widely used and can be found in lotions, creams, powders, skin cleansing products, makeup bases and foundations, mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner, hair conditioners and rinses, and suntan and sunscreen products. Why is Glycerine monostearate used in cosmetics and personal care products? Glycerine monostearate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. It also slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin's surface. Glycerine monostearate, and Glycerine monostearate SE help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified. Scientific Facts: Glycerine monostearate is made by reacting glycerin with stearic acid, a fatty acid obtained from animal and vegetable fats and oils. Glycerine monostearate SE is produced by reacting an excess of stearic acid with glycerin. The excess stearic acid is then reacted with potassium and/or sodium hydroxide yielding a product that contains Glycerine monostearate as well as potassium stearate and/or sodium stearate. What Is Glycerine monostearate Glycerine monostearate is esterification products of glycerin and stearic acid. Glycerine monostearate is a white or cream-colored wax-like solid. Glycerine monostearate SE is a "Self-Emulsifying" form of Glycerine monostearate that also contains a small amount of sodium and or potassium stearate. In cosmetics and personal care products, Glycerine monostearate is widely used and can be found in lotions, creams, powders, skin cleansing products, makeup bases and foundations, mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner, hair conditioners and rinses, and suntan and sunscreen products. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Glycerine monostearate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. It also slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin's surface. Glycerine monostearate, and Glycerine monostearate SE help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified. Glycerine monostearate is derived from palm kernel, vegetable or soy oil and is also found naturally in the human body. It acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. It easily penetrates the skin and slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin's surface. It has been shown to protect skin from free-radical damage as well. Functions of Glycerine monostearate Glycerine monostearate is derived from palm kernel, vegetable or soy oil and is also found naturally in the human body. It acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance (Source). It easily penetrates the skin and slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin's surface. It has been shown to protect skin from free-radical damage as well. Chemically, Glycerine monostearate is used to stabilize products, decrease water evaporation, make products freeze-resistant, and keep them from forming surface crusts. Description: Glycerine monostearate SE (self-emulsifying as it contains a small amount 3-6% of potassium stearate) is the monoester of glycerin and stearic acid. Vegetable origin. It is an emulsifier with a HLB value of 5.8 and thus useful for making water-in-oil emulsions. It can also be used as a co-emulsifier and thickener for oil- in-water formulations. Off-white flakes, bland odor. Soluble in oil. CAS: 123-94-4 INCI Name: Glycerine monostearate Properties: Emulsifies water and oil phase, acts as stabilizer and thickener in o/w formulations, widely used in a variety of different cosmetic formulations. Use: Add to oil/emulsifier phase of formulas, melts at 55°C/130°F. Use level: 1-10%. For external use only. Applications: Moisturizing creams, lotions, ointments, antiperspirant, hair care and sunscreen. Glycerine monostearate (GMS) is one of the most commonly used ingredients in personal care formulations. But it's a material that is not well understood by most formulators. GMS (EU) is normally used as a low-HLB thickening agent in lamellar gel (EU) network (LGN)-based oil-in-water emulsions, often combined with fatty alcohols. Glycerine monostearate, also known as Glycerine monostearate, or GMS, is EcoCert certified. Glycerine monostearate is the natural glyceryl ester from stearic acid (glycerin and stearic acid) which offers skin conditioning, moisturization and hydration due to the glycerin component. Functions as a non-ionic opacifier, thickener, and formulation stabilizer, where it also imparts a softer, smoother, feel to your emulsions. Glycerine monostearate is one of the best choices, for thickening and stabilizing, to use in combination with the lactylates, where it also functions as an emollient, and gives the emulsion more smoothness. Glycerine monostearate is the end result of reaction between glycerin and stearic acid. We all know what glycerin is and does (generally vegetable based humectant), and stearic acid is a fatty acid compound extracted from a variety of vegetable, animal, and oil sources such as palm kernel and soy. The end result of the reaction with glycerin and stearic acid is a cream-colored, waxy like substance. Details A super common, waxy, white, solid stuff that helps water and oil to mix together, gives body to creams and leaves the skin feeling soft and smooth. Chemically speaking, it is the attachment of a glycerin molecule to the fatty acid called stearic acid. It can be produced from most vegetable oils (in oils three fatty acid molecules are attached to glycerin instead of just one like here) in a pretty simple, "green" process that is similar to soap making. It's readily biodegradable. NAMELY Glycerol stearate is used as a non-ionic emulsifier or emollient in cosmetic products. It is widely used in moisturizers and is also found in hair care products for its antistatic properties. It can be derived from palm, olive or rapeseed oil... It is authorized in bio. Its functions (INCI) Emollient : Softens and softens the skin Emulsifying : Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil) This ingredient is present in 11.81% of cosmetics. Hand cream (46.51%) Moisturizing cream box (46.15%) Anti-aging night face cream (45.88%) Anti-aging hand cream (43.75%) Mascara (42.73%) Glycerine monostearate Glycerine monostearate is the natural glyceryl ester of glycerin and stearic acid. It offers excellent hydration and moisturization. It acts as a non-ionic opacifier, thickener, emollient and formulation stabilizer. It is used in skin care and body care applications. Glycerine monostearate is classified as : Emollient Emulsifying CAS Number 31566-31-1 EINECS/ELINCS No: 250-705-4 COSING REF No: 34103 INN Name: Glycerine monostearate PHARMACEUTICAL EUROPEAN NAME: glyceroli monostearas Chem/IUPAC Name: Glycerine monostearate Glycerine monostearate Learn all about Glycerine monostearate, including how it's made, and why Puracy uses Glycerine monostearate in our products. Derived from: coconut Pronunciation: (\ˈglis-rəl\ \stē-ə-ˌrāt\) Type: Naturally-derived Other names: monostearate What Is Glycerine monostearate? Glycerine monostearate, also called Glycerine monostearate, is a white or pale yellow waxy substance derived from palm kernel, olives, or coconuts. What Does Glycerine monostearate Do in Our products? Glycerine monostearate is an emollient that keeps products blended together; it can also be a surfactant, emulsifier, and thickener in food — often it’s used as a dough conditioner and to keep things from going stale.[1] In our products, however, Glycerine monostearate is used for its most common purpose — to bind moisture to the skin. For this reason, it is a common ingredient in thousands of cosmetic products, including lotions, makeup, skin cleansers, and other items. Why Puracy Uses Glycerine monostearate We use Glycerine monostearate in several of our products as a moisturizer; it also forms a barrier on the skin and prevents products from feeling greasy. As an emulsifier, it also allows products to stay blended.[5] Several studies and clinical tests find that Glycerine monostearate causes little or no skin or eye irritation and is not a danger in formulations that might be inhaled.[6,7,8] In addition, a number of clinical trials have found that Glycerine monostearate in moisturizers can lessen symptoms and signs of atopic dermatitis, including pruritus, erythema, fissuring, and lichenification.[9] In 1982 and again in 2015, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review deemed the ingredient safe for use in cosmetics.[10] Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards.[11] How Glycerine monostearate Is Made Glycerine monostearate is formed through a reaction of glycerin with stearic acid, which is a fatty acid that comes from animal and vegetable fats and oils. Glycerine monostearate SE, the self-emulsifying form of the substance, is made by reacting an excess of stearic acid with glycerin. The excess stearic acid is then reacted with potassium and/or sodium hydroxide. That produces a substance that contains Glycerine monostearate, potassium stearate, and/or sodium stearate Glycerine monostearate (GMS) is one of the most commonly used ingredients in personal care formulations. But it’s a material that is not well understood by most formulators. GMS (EU) is normally used as a low-HLB thickening agent in lamellar gel (EU) network (LGN)-based oil-in-water emulsions, often combined with fatty alcohols. LGN-based emulsions containing thickening polymers are the most common type of oil-in-water formulations sold globally. Most GMS used in personal care products should actually be called glyceryl distearate (EU), since many common grades only contain around 40% alpha monostearate (EU), 5% glyceryl tristearate (EU), and 50% glyceryl distearate. There are also grades commercially available that contain 30%, 60%, and 90% GMS. The 90% alpha mono grades can only be produced by molecular distillation and are widely used in the food industry. Functionally, there is a big difference in performance if you use a 90% versus 40% mono. A 90% mono has a higher melting point (69°C versus 58-63°C), lighter skin feel, and a higher HLB (EU) (~4-5, versus ~3). The higher HLB of the 90% mono enables you to form LGNs much easier with lower emulsifier levels and energy than when using cetyl (EU)/stearyl alcohol (EU). There are also self-emulsifying (SE) grades of GMS available, which are typically combined with PEG 100 stearate (EU), potassium stearate (EU), or sodium lauryl sulfate (EU). Glycerine monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.[3] It takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic. Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid. Structure, synthesis, and occurrence Glycerine monostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-Glycerine monostearate and 2-Glycerine monostearate. Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar. Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol. Glycerine monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase. It is present at very low levels in certain seed oils. Uses Glycerine monostearate is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant. It is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.[5] Glycerine monostearate is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food. It is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture. It is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread. What Is It? Glycerine monostearate and Glyceryl Stearate SE are esterification products of glycerin and stearic acid. Glycerine monostearate is a white or cream-colored wax-like solid. Glycerine monostearate SE is a "Self-Emulsifying" form of Glycerine monostearate that also contains a small amount of sodium and or potassium stearate. In cosmetics and personal care products, Glycerine monostearate is widely used and can be found in lotions, creams, powders, skin cleansing products, makeup bases and foundations, mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner, hair conditioners and rinses, and suntan and sunscreen products. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Glycerine monostearate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. It also slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin's surface. Glycerine monostearate, and Glycerine monostearate SE help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified. Scientific Facts: Glycerine monostearate is made by reacting glycerin with stearic acid, a fatty acid obtained from animal and vegetable fats and oils. Glyceryl Stearate SE is produced by reacting an excess of stearic acid with glycerin. The excess stearic acid is then reacted with potassium and/or sodium hydroxide yielding a product that contains Glycerine monostearate as well as potassium stearate and/or sodium stearate. Glycerine monostearate is the natural glyceryl ester of glycerin and stearic acid. It offers excellent hydration and moisturization. It acts as a non-ionic opacifier, thickener, emollient and formulation stabilizer. It is used in skin care and body care applications. Glycerine monostearate is classified as : Emollient Emulsifying Learn all about Glycerine monostearate, including how it's made, and why Puracy uses Glycerine monostearate in our products. Derived from: coconut Pronunciation: (\ˈglis-rəl\ \stē-ə-ˌrāt\) Type: Naturally-derived Other names: monostearate What Is Glycerine monostearate? Glycerine monostearate, also called Glycerine monostearate, is a white or pale yellow waxy substance derived from palm kernel, olives, or coconuts. What Does Glycerine monostearate Do in Our products? Glycerine monostearate is an emollient that keeps products blended together; it can also be a surfactant, emulsifier, and thickener in food — often it’s used as a dough conditioner and to keep things from going stale.[1] In our products, however, Glycerine monostearate is used for its most common purpose — to bind moisture to the skin. For this reason, it is a common ingredient in thousands of cosmetic products, including lotions, makeup, skin cleansers, and other items.[2,3] Why Puracy Uses Glycerine monostearate We use Glycerine monostearate in several of our products as a moisturizer; it also forms a barrier on the skin and prevents products from feeling greasy. As an emulsifier, it also allows products to stay blended.[5] Several studies and clinical tests find that Glycerine monostearate causes little or no skin or eye irritation and is not a danger in formulations that might be inhaled.[6,7,8] In addition, a number of clinical trials have found that Glycerine monostearate in moisturizers can lessen symptoms and signs of atopic dermatitis, including pruritus, erythema, fissuring, and lichenification.[9] In 1982 and again in 2015, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review deemed the ingredient safe for use in cosmetics.[10] Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards. How Glycerine monostearate Is Made Glycerine monostearate is formed through a reaction of glycerin with stearic acid, which is a fatty acid that comes from animal and vegetable fats and oils. Glycerine monostearate SE, the self-emulsifying form of the substance, is made by reacting an excess of stearic acid with glycerin. The excess stearic acid is then reacted with potassium and/or sodium hydroxide. That produces a substance that contains Glycerine monostearate, potassium stearate, and/or sodium stearate. Glyceryl stearate (Glycerine monostearate) is one of the most commonly used ingredients in personal care formulations. But it’s a material that is not well understood by most formulators. Glycerine monostearate (EU) is normally used as a low-HLB thickening agent in lamellar gel (EU) network (LGN)-based oil-in-water emulsions, often combined with fatty alcohols. LGN-based emulsions containing thickening polymers are the most common type of oil-in-water formulations sold globally. Most Glycerine monostearate used in personal care products should actually be called glyceryl distearate (EU), since many common grades only contain around 40% alpha monostearate (EU), 5% glyceryl tristearate (EU), and 50% glyceryl distearate. There are also grades commercially available that contain 30%, 60%, and 90% Glycerine monostearate. The 90% alpha mono grades can only be produced by molecular distillation and are widely used in the food industry. Functionally, there is a big difference in performance if you use a 90% versus 40% mono. A 90% mono has a higher melting point (69°C versus 58-63°C), lighter skin feel, and a higher HLB (EU) (~4-5, versus ~3). The higher HLB of the 90% mono enables you to form LGNs much easier with lower emulsifier levels and energy than when using cetyl (EU)/stearyl alcohol (EU). There are also self-emulsifying (SE) grades of Glycerine monostearate available, which are typically combined with PEG 100 stearate (EU), potassium stearate (EU), or sodium lauryl sulfate (EU). Glycerine monostearate Glycerine monostearate is created by the esterification of glycerin and stearic acid. Glycerine monostearate creates an excellent emulsion and when used in combination with other emulsifiers, creates a stable lotion. Characteristics An interesting characteristic of Glycerine monostearate is the ability to make the oils which are combined in the emulsion non greasy, so for example Sunflower can be combined, without adding greasiness to the final product, allowing creams and lotions to be produced which carry the properties of the oil without the greasiness. Glycerine monostearate can be used to pearlise shower gel, shampoo and hand wash if added in combination with glycerine. How to use Heat the Glycerine monostearate to 60c - 70c within the oil stage of your formulations. Ensure the Glycerine monostearate is fully dissolved into your oil stage (use agitation if required) in order to minimise the risk of graininess in your final formulation. Precautions At pure usage levels it can cause irritation to the skin. When blending always take the following precautions: Use gloves (disposable are ideal) Take care when handling hot oils Wear eye protection Work in a well ventilated room Keep ingredients and hot oils away from children If ingested, seek immediate medical advice If contact made with eyes, rinse immediately with clean warm water and seek medical advice if in any doubt. Safety First In addition to our precautions and general safety information, we always recommend keeping a first aid kit nearby. You are working with hot water and oils, accidents can happen, so always be prepared! Is Glycerine monostearate Safe? Toxicity The safety of PEG compounds has been called into question in recent years. The questioning of the safety of this ingredient is due to toxicity concerns that result from impurities found in PEG compounds. The impurities of concern are ethylene oxide and 1,4 dioxane, both are by-products of the manufacturing process. Both 1,4 dioxane and ethylene oxide have been suggested to be linked with breast and uterine cancers. While these impurities may have been a concern previously, ingredient manufacturers and improved processes have eliminated the risk of impurities in the final product. The level of impurities that were found initially in PEG manufacturing was low in comparison to the levels proposed to be linked to cancers. Longitudinal studies or studies over a long period of use of PEG compounds have not found any significant toxicity or any significant impact on reproductive health. When applied topically, Glycerine monostearate is not believed to pose significant dangers to human health. It doesn’t penetrate deeply into the skin and isn’t thought to have bioaccumulation concerns when used topically. Irritation Through research, PEG compounds have exhibited evidence that they are non-irritating ingredients to the eyes or the skin. This research used highly concentrated forms of the ingredient, concentrations that would not be found in your skincare products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel found PEG compounds to be non-photosensitizing and non-irritating at concentrations up to 100%. However, despite the evidence suggesting that PEG compounds are non-irritating, some research has indicated that irritation can occur when the skin is broken or already irritated. In a study that was trialing the use of PEG containing antimicrobial cream on burn patients, some patients experienced kidney toxicity. The concentration of PEG compounds was identified to be the culprit. Given that there was no evidence of toxicity in any study of PEGs and intact skin, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel amended their safety guidelines to exclude the use of PEG containing products on broken or damaged skin. Is Glycerine monostearate Vegan? Depending on the source of the stearic acid used to make Glycerine monostearate, it may be vegan. Most of the time, stearic acid is derived from plants. However, it can also be derived from animal origin. If it is of animal origin, the product has to comply with animal by-product regulation. Check with the brand you are thinking of using to determine whether their Glycerine monostearate is derived from a plant or animal source. Why Is Glycerine monostearate Used? Emulsifier Glycerine monostearate is included in skincare and beauty products for a variety of reasons, ranging from making the skin softer to helping product formulations better keep their original consistency. As an emollient, Glycerine monostearate is included within skincare product formulations to give the skin a softer feel. It achieves this through strengthening the skin’s moisture barrier by forming a thin fatty layer on the skin’s surface, which prevents moisture loss and increases overall hydration. This moisturizing effect increases the hydration of skin cells, which in turn makes the skin softer and boosts skin health. Texture Another use for Glycerine monostearate has to do with its emulsification properties. Emulsifiers are valued in the skincare and personal care industries because of their ability to mix water and oils. Without this ability, the oils in many formulations would begin to separate from the water molecules, thus undermining product texture and consistency. Glycerine monostearate is also used to help to cleanse through mixing oil and dirt so that it can be rinsed away. Surfactant Lastly, Glycerine monostearate can also act as a surfactant, when used in body and facial cleansers. Surfactants disrupt surface tension, helping to mix water and oil. This characteristic helps the ingredient cleanse the skin by mixing oil with water, lifting dirt trapped inside the skin’s oils, and rinsing it away from the skin. What Types of Products Contain Glycerine monostearate? There are many products in the skin and personal care industry that are formulated with Glycerine monostearate because of its benefits to formulations and its relative safety. Facial cleansers, shampoos, lotions, and face creams have all been known to contain this ingredient. If you’ve had problems with this ingredient before, or if your doctor has advised you to stay away from Glycerine monostearate, it’s vital to read ingredient labels for any personal care product as it has many applications. What are PEGs? You have probably noticed that many of cosmetics and personal care products you use have different types of PEGs among ingredients. PEG, which is the abbreviation of polyethylene glycol, is not a definitive chemical entity in itself, but rather a mixture of compounds, of polymers that have been bonded together. Polyethylene is the most common form of plastic, and when combined with glycol, it becomes a thick and sticky liquid. PEGs are almost often followed by a number, for example PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG 100 and so on. This number represents the approximate molecular weight of that compound. Typically, cosmetics use PEGs with smaller molecular weights. The lower the molecular weight, the easier it is for the compound to penetrate the skin. Often, PEGs are connected to another molecule. You might see, for example, Glycerine monostearate as an ingredient. This means that the polyethylene glycol polymer with an approximate molecular weight of 100 is attached chemically to stearic acid. In cosmetics, PEGs function in three ways: as emollients (which help soften and lubricate the skin), as emulsifiers (which help water-based and oil-based ingredients mix properly), and as vehicles that help deliver other ingredients deeper into the skin. What effect do Glycerine monostearate have on your skin? Polyethylene glycol compounds have not received a lot of attention from consumer groups but they should. The most important thing to know about PEGs is that they have a penetration enhancing effect, the magnitude of which is dependent upon a variety of variables. These include: both the structure and molecular weight of the PEG, other chemical constituents in the formula, and, most importantly, the overall health of the skin. PEGs of all sizes may penetrate through injured skin with compromised barrier function. So it is very important to avoid products with PEGs if your skin is not in best condition. Skin penetration enhancing effects have been shown with PEG-2 and PEG-9 stearate. This penetration enhancing effect is important for three reasons: 1) If your skin care product contains a bunch of other undesirable ingredients, PEGs will make it easier for them to get down deep into your skin. 2) By altering the surface tension of the skin, PEGs may upset the natural moisture balance. 3) Glycerine monostearate are not always pure, but often come contaminated with a host of toxic impurities. Emulsifiers Emulsifiers are used to aid the incorporation and stabilization of air bubbles in the batter, especially in the presence of fats or oils. The most commonly used emulsifiers for this purpose are glycerol monostearate (Glycerine monostearate) and polyglycerol esters, with the former being the more effective of the two on a weight-for-weight basis. Both emulsifiers are commonly used in a paste form, i.e., dispersed in water with other ingredients which promote gel stability. Emulsifiers like Glycerine monostearate may exist in a number of forms when dispersed in water and it is important it is in the active alpha-gel form when used for cake making. Without Glycerine monostearate the egg protein will largely stabilize the air bubbles and the sponge will have a reasonable volume, but often with an area of coarse open-cell structure in the crumb. The addition of a small level of Glycerine monostearate somewhat unexpe

Glycerin; Glycerine; Propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane; 1,2,3-Propanetriol cas no: 56-81-5

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a broadly antimicrobial fatty acid monoester, killing bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is an organic compound that belongs to the class of monoglycerides, specifically a monoglyceride ester.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a fatty acid monoglyceride, which richly exists in coconut oil, palm oil, and human milk.

CAS Number: 27215-38-9
Molecular Formula: C15H30O4
Molecular Weight: 274.4
EINECS Number: 248-337-4

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is composed of glycerol (also known as glycerin) and lauric acid.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) (abbreviated GML; also called Monolaurin, glyceryl laurate, and 1-lauroyl-glycerol) is a monoglyceride.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is the mono-ester formed from glycerol and lauric acid.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is chemical formula is C15H30O4.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is found in coconut oil and may be similar to other monoglycerides found in human breast milk.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) can be ingested in coconut oil and the human body converts it into monolaurin.
Furthermore, coconut oil, coconut cream, grated coconut and others products are sources of lauric acid and, consequently, monolaurin.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid widely utilized in food, cosmetics, and homeopathic supplements.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a potent antimicrobial agent that targets a range of bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses but select findings suggest that Glycerol monolaurate (GML) also has immunomodulatory functions.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid which is commonly used in food, cosmetics, and homoeopathic supplements.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is considered as an effective antibacterial drug that kills a variety of bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses.
This offering is a naturally occurring fatty acid molecule and antibacterial agent which acts as an ingredient in several goods, including deodorants, lotions, and cosmetics.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) GML is highly effective food preservative and emulsifier.

The said product is also widely accessible as a homoeopathic supplement.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring surfactant that has potential use as an additive to tampons and wound dressings to reduce the incidence of certain bacterial toxin-mediated illnesses.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) emulsifier for sale is a versatile ingredient that has many applications in the food industry.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) can be used as an emulsifier, antimicrobial, texture enhancer, flavor enhancer, and clean-label ingredient and is found in a wide range of products, including baked goods, dairy products, and beverages.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s versatility makes it an ideal ingredient for many different types of foods, and its natural properties make it a safe and healthy choice.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is an advanced food emulsifiers preservatives nowadays, exists in breast milk naturally ,and it is recognized as a fine food emulsifier internationally.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a safe, effective, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is LD50> 10g/kg, is a non-toxic food additive.
In April 2005, Chinese Ministry of Health approved that GML can be used in all kinds of food, and no dosage limit, it can be added according to actual needs.

The biggest advantage of Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is the "not preservatives, but more than preservative".
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is bacteriostatic effect will not change with the change of pH value supose pH value is within the scope of 4 ~ 8.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is antibacterial spectrum was wide, it has strong interaction in the common bacteria, fungi, yeast in food, and also can inhibit variety of viruses and protozoa.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is an antimicrobial agent that has potent activity against gram-positive bacteria.
This study examines GML antibacterial activity in comparison to lauric acid, in broth cultures compared to biofilm cultures, and against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative, and non-gram staining bacteria.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) 90% min is an advanced food emulsifiers preservatives nowadays, exists in breast milk naturally .

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) it is recognized as a fine food emulsifier internationally.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a safe, effective, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
In April 2005, Chinese Ministry of Health approved that GML can be used in all kinds of food, and no dosage limit, it can be added according to actual needs.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) (GB15612-95 (GML-90)) is in the form of milky white beads or powder.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has a monoglyceride content of 90-95%.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) can be used to prevent dough from aging, provide foaming stability, and improve texture, stability, and taste.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) can be used in breads, flour products, peanut butter, and beverages.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) Glycerol Laurate E471 (GML) CAS No.:142-18-7 is not merely an excellent emulsifier,but also a safe and efficient antibacterial agent with wide spectrum and it is also not limited by pH value.
In the condition of neutral or slightly alkaline conditions,it still has a good antibacterial effect.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a compound that has gained significant attention in recent years.
As more and more people are following gluten-free diets, there is a growing concern whether or not GML is gluten-free.
In this article, will delve into the world of Glycerol monolaurate (GML) and gluten, exploring the chemical composition of Glycerol monolaurate (GML), its common uses, the concept of gluten-free, and the connection between GML and gluten.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML), also known as dodecanoic acid monoglyceride, is an esterophilic nonionic surfactant that is naturally found in breast milk, coconut oil, and American sylvestris.
The food emulsifier has an HLB value of 5.2 and is a safe, efficient and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent with dual functions of emulsifying and antiseptic.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used as a surfactant, preservative and emulsifier in food, besides it can be used in cosmetics and medicines.

This study obtained to optimize Glycerol monolaurate (GML) synthesis from glycerol and lauric acid. It consisted of two steps, dealumination of zeolite Y catalyst and optimization of GML synthesis.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML), is glyceryl laurate or 1-lauroyl-glycerol, is a monoglyceride.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is shortly termed as GML.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is the mono-ester derived from glycerol and lauric acid.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is also widely known as monolaurin.
Chemical formula of Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is C15H30O4.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring fatty acid that has wide range of application in food, cosmetics, personal care and homeopathic supplements.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a broadspectrum antimicrobial agent that has effective reaction against the grampositive bacteria and targets a variety of bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a type of lipophilicity nonionic surfactant, which naturally exists in breast milk and palmetto, a type of palm tree.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) well-known as a good food emulsifier and also a safe and efficient antibacterial agent.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has a glycerol molecule attached to a single lauric acid molecule through an ester linkage.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is typically a white to light yellowish solid or a waxy substance.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is soluble in fats and oils but has limited solubility in water.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is known for its antimicrobial properties. It exhibits inhibitory effects against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
This makes it useful in applications where microbial contamination needs to be controlled.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is commonly used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in the food and cosmetic industries.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) helps improve the texture and shelf life of certain products by preventing the separation of water and oil phases.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is utilized in food preservation to inhibit the growth of bacteria and extend the shelf life of certain food products, especially those prone to microbial spoilage.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is found in various personal care products, such as creams, lotions, and cosmetics, where it serves as an emulsifier and stabilizing agent.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has been studied for its potential applications in medicine.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has shown promise in inhibiting the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria and viruses, making it a subject of interest in the development of antimicrobial agents.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is available as a dietary supplement and is sometimes marketed for its potential health benefits, including immune system support.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a broadly antimicrobial fatty acid monoester, killing bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a 1-monoglyceride and a dodecanoate ester.

Melting point: 50 °C
storage temp.: −20°C
LogP: 4.029 (est)
FDA UNII: Y98611C087

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a kind of broad antibiotic, which is safe, efficient and extensive.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) can inhibit some kinds of virus and a lot of bacteria and bioplasm.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is better than pentadiene carboxylic acid, benzene carboxylic acid and P-hydroxy benzoic acid ester.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is insoluble in water and has emulsifying and lubricating properties.
Widely used in food, cosmetics, textiles, leather, and other industries.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) antiviral mechanism is that lauric acid can cause viral membrane protein leakage, monolaurate can be inserted into the membrane of the virus, both of which lead to reduced or loss of replication.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is commonly said that monoglyceride destroys the membrane structure of the virus and inhibits its ability to replicate, that is, it leaves the virus in a half-dead resting state, in which the non-replicating virus acts as an antigen and stimulates the production of corresponding antibodies in animals.
Several studies have illustrated that GML is ≥ 200 times more effective in bactericidal activities or several chemical reactions than lauric acid.

Some cliquey reports and findings have illuminated that Glycerol monolaurate (GML) also has immunomodulatory functions.
A few detailed researches have shed light on an astonishing research which reveals that the widely used anti-microbial agent Glycerol monolaurate (GML) also alters the lipid dynamics of human T cells, leading to their defective signaling and function.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is chemical having potent antimicrobial properties and so has a wide range of applications pharmaceutical or healthcare sectors for medical and sterilizing purposes.

Along with this, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a well-known food emulsifier thus, witnessing demand of product from food or dietary sectors.
In recent years, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is also being majorly used to make a number of cosmetics and beauty care products, due to its antibacterial, antifungal, etc. properties.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a fascinating compound that occurs naturally in coconuts and breast milk.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a monoester of lauric acid and glycerol, which gives it unique properties and makes it highly versatile in various industries.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is composed of a glycerol molecule esterified with a single lauric acid molecule.
This means that GML consists of one Glycerol monolaurate (GML) and one lauric acid molecule bonded together.

This unique molecular structure is what gives Glycerol monolaurate (GML) its distinct properties and makes it an excellent emulsifier and preservative.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used as an emulsifier, it helps blend oil and water-based ingredients together, creating a smooth and stable mixture.
This property is highly valued in the food and cosmetic industries, where Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is extensively used to improve the texture and stability of various products.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s antimicrobial properties make it an effective preservative.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has the ability to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi, making it an ideal choice for extending the shelf life of food and cosmetic products.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) interacts with lipids, and its antimicrobial properties are attributed to its ability to disrupt the lipid bilayers of microbial cell membranes.

This disruption can lead to the inhibition of microbial growth.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) acts as a stabilizing agent in certain food products, preventing the separation of oil and water phases.
This property is particularly useful in emulsified products like salad dressings and mayonnaise.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML), is naturally found in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) derived from these sources is sometimes preferred for products marketed as natural or organic.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may have antiviral properties, making it a subject of interest in the development of interventions against certain viruses.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has been studied in the context of viral infections, including those caused by enveloped viruses.
Some studies have explored the anti-inflammatory effects of Glycerol monolaurate (GML).
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may modulate immune responses and inflammatory processes, making it potentially relevant in conditions associated with inflammation.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is employed as a preservative in certain food products, helping to inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms and extending the product's shelf life.
Due to its emulsifying and stabilizing properties, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is utilized in skin care products. It may contribute to the overall texture and stability of creams and lotions.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) can be compatible with other food additives, such as antioxidants and preservatives, enhancing its effectiveness in food preservation.

Some studies have explored Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s potential in modulating the immune system, making it an area of interest in immunology research.
The regulatory status of Glycerol monolaurate (GML) varies by region, and it is important for manufacturers to comply with local regulations and safety standards when using Glycerol monolaurate (GML) in food, cosmetics, or other products.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has demonstrated antifungal properties in some studies.

This makes it relevant in inhibiting the growth of certain fungi, extending its potential applications to products where fungal contamination is a concern.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is sometimes incorporated into animal feed as an antimicrobial agent to help control microbial growth and improve feed hygiene.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is effective in stabilizing water-in-oil emulsions, a property that finds application in various food and cosmetic formulations.

In some applications, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other antimicrobial agents.
This can enhance its overall effectiveness in inhibiting microbial growth.
Some research suggests that Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may influence biofilm formation, a consideration in environments where microbial biofilms can lead to contamination or product spoilage.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is generally considered biodegradable, contributing to its environmentally friendly profile compared to some synthetic additives.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s surfactant properties make it suitable for use in certain detergent formulations, contributing to emulsification and stabilization.
In addition to its use in cosmetics, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be found in topical formulations for its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on the skin.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has been explored in encapsulation technologies, where it can be used to encapsulate and deliver bioactive compounds in a controlled manner.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, it's essential to be aware that some microorganisms may develop resistance over time, highlighting the importance of responsible and judicious use.
Some studies have investigated the impact of Glycerol monolaurate (GML) on gut health.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may influence the gut microbiota and potentially offer benefits in maintaining a balanced microbial environment.
Ongoing research explores the therapeutic potential of Glycerol monolaurate (GML) in various health conditions, including its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.

Uses:
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a monoglyceride emulsifier produced by the esterification of glycerin and lauric acid.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has a melting point of 56°c, a maximum iodine value of 0.5, and a saponification value of 200–206.
In a highly purified form, it shows antimicrobial properties against microorganisms with the exception of gram-negative organisms.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is effective against gram-negative organisms when formulated with bha or edta.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used in baked goods, whipped toppings, frosting, glazes, and cheese products.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is most commonly used as a surfactant in cosmetics, such as deodorants.

As a food additive Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is also used as an emulsifier or preservative.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is also marketed as a dietary supplement.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) exists in breast milk, having the ability of resist pathogenic microbe inflection, extensively be applied in the infant milk powder, rice flour etc.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is explored in the development of medical and health products due to its potential antimicrobial properties.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may find applications in wound care and other medical formulations.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has been studied for its impact on biofilm formation.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may serve as an anti-biofilm agent, which is important in preventing the formation of bacterial biofilms in various settings.
Some research suggests that GML exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.
This property may be relevant in formulations aimed at addressing inflammatory conditions.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s antimicrobial properties make it a potential ingredient in oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, for its role in inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is investigated for its biomedical applications, including its use in biomaterials and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and biofilm formation on medical devices.

In food packaging materials, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be incorporated to provide antimicrobial protection, helping to prevent the growth of spoilage microorganisms and enhance the safety of packaged food.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML), as a dietary supplement, may be considered for its potential role in supporting the immune system and overall health.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is sometimes included in formulations aimed at dietary management.

In the oil and gas industry, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be explored for its antimicrobial properties to control microbial growth in various processes and equipment.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s properties may be harnessed in anti-corrosion formulations to inhibit microbial-induced corrosion in certain industrial settings.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used in the beverage industry to prevent microbial contamination and enhance the shelf life of beverages, such as juices and sports drinks.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be incorporated into pet care products, such as shampoos and grooming items, for its emulsifying and stabilizing properties.
In agriculture, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be explored for its potential role in plant protection, controlling microbial growth in certain agricultural formulations.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s biodegradable nature may be considered in environmental remediation efforts, where it could potentially contribute to the management of microbial populations in contaminated environments.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) mechanism is that lauric acid can cause viral membrane protein leakage, monolaurate can be inserted into the membrane of the virus, both of which lead to reduced or loss of replication.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is commonly said that monoglyceride destroys the membrane structure of the virus and inhibits its ability to replicate, that is, it leaves the virus in a half-dead resting state, in which the non-replicating virus acts as an antigen and stimulates the production of corresponding antibodies in animals.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used in baked product extensively, having the function for increase the quality of rice and flour production.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) in capsule form as a dietary supplement.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is sold as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain foods.
The United States Food and Drug Administration categorizes it as generally recognized as safe.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used as an emulsifier in sanitarian foods and other foods such as bread, cake, streamed bread and moon-cake.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used in meat product, dairy product, spicy products and fruit and vegetable for make the time of preservation longer.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) 90% is used to improve the texture and uniformity of baked goods like cakes, bread, and pastries.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is often used to increase the stability of dairy products such as cheese, cream, and ice cream.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) plays a significant role in the food industry, where it is widely used as a food additive and preservative.
In addition to its applications in the food industry, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is also utilized in the production of cosmetics and personal care products.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) can be found in items such as lotions, creams, and soaps, where it acts as an emulsifier, helping to blend different ingredients together and create stable formulations.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) even finds its way into animal feeds. Its antimicrobial properties make it a valuable additive in animal nutrition, helping to protect animals from harmful bacteria and fungi that can affect their health and well-being.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used as an emulsifier to create uniformity and to keep the product from separating.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used to improve the texture and mouthfeel of snack foods, such as cookies, crackers, and candy.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used in sports drinks and protein shakes to prevent separation and improve the mouthfeel.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used in salad dressings, mayonnaise, and sauces to improve the emulsification and texture.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is used as an antimicrobial agent in food products to inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms, extending the shelf life of items like baked goods, dairy products, and beverages.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) acts as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food products, particularly in items where oil and water need to be combined and maintained in a stable state, such as salad dressings and mayonnaise.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifying agent to blend water and oil-based ingredients, enhancing product stability and texture.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) helps stabilize formulations, preventing separation of components and maintaining product integrity.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is added to animal feed as an antimicrobial agent to control microbial growth and improve the hygiene of the feed, contributing to animal health.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is explored for use in pharmaceuticals and drug delivery systems, particularly in encapsulation technologies where it can encapsulate and release bioactive compounds.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be found in topical formulations, such as creams and lotions, for its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on the skin.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s surfactant properties make it suitable for use in certain detergent formulations, contributing to emulsification and stabilization.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is available as a dietary supplement, marketed for its potential health benefits, including immune system support.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s potential therapeutic applications, including its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be explored for its antimicrobial properties in water treatment processes to control bacterial contamination.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is generally considered biodegradable, contributing to its use in formulations where environmental considerations are important.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is involved in encapsulation technologies, where it can be utilized to encapsulate and deliver bioactive compounds in controlled-release systems.
Ongoing studies investigate Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s impact on gut health, influencing the gut microbiota and potentially offering benefits in maintaining a balanced microbial environment.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has been studied for its potential antiviral properties.

Research suggests Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may have inhibitory effects on certain viruses, making it a subject of interest in antiviral formulations.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is utilized as a food additive in various food products.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may serve multiple functions, including emulsification, stabilization, and as an antimicrobial agent for food preservation.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be included in the formulation of functional foods, where its potential health benefits, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, can contribute to the overall functionality of the product.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may find application in air fresheners and deodorizers to inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is investigated for its potential use in biomedical coatings to prevent microbial contamination on surfaces of medical devices and implants.

In the oil and gas industry, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be explored for its ability to control microbial growth in oilfield processes, pipelines, and equipment.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is studied for its potential use in the poultry industry to control bacterial contamination and improve hygiene in poultry feed and processing.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be considered in the plastic industry for its potential antimicrobial properties, contributing to the development of antimicrobial plastics in various applications.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s antimicrobial properties may be explored in pesticide formulations to enhance their efficacy and control microbial populations in agricultural settings.
In industrial applications such as metalworking, Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be considered for its potential use in metalworking fluids to inhibit microbial growth and prevent degradation.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) can be used in the textile industry as an antimicrobial agent, contributing to the development of textiles with enhanced resistance to microbial growth and odors.

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may be incorporated into anti-acne formulations in skincare products due to its antimicrobial properties, potentially aiding in the control of acne-causing bacteria.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s emulsifying properties make it suitable for use in water-based coatings, contributing to stability and performance in various coating applications.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s stability and antimicrobial properties may be explored in heat transfer fluids, contributing to the prevention of microbial contamination in industrial heat exchange systems.

Safety Profile:
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes, especially in its pure form or at high concentrations.
Direct contact with the skin or eyes should be avoided, and appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, should be used.
Inhalation of Glycerol monolaurate (GML) dust or vapors may lead to respiratory irritation.

Adequate ventilation is important in areas where GML is handled to minimize the risk of inhalation exposure.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is generally regarded as safe for consumption in regulated amounts, ingesting large quantities could lead to gastrointestinal discomfort.
Ingestion should be avoided, and Glycerol monolaurate (GML)-containing products should be used according to recommended guidelines.

Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Glycerol monolaurate (GML), and exposure could lead to allergic reactions.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s important to be aware of any known allergies or sensitivities when using products containing Glycerol monolaurate (GML).

Environmental Impact:
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is considered biodegradable, but large spills or improper disposal could have environmental consequences.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)'s important to follow proper waste disposal procedures in accordance with local regulations.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) may release products that could be harmful.

Synonyms:
Monolaurin
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
142-18-7
1-Monolaurin
Glyceryl monolaurate
Lauricidin
GLYCERYL LAURATE
1-Glyceryl laurate
Glycerol 1-laurate
27215-38-9
1-Monolauroyl-rac-glycerol
1-Monododecanoylglycerol
Glycerol monolaurate (GML)
Laurin, 1-mono-
Glycerin 1-monolaurate
Glycerol 1-monolaurate
Lauric acid 1-monoglyceride
Dodecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl laurate
Glyceryl monododecanoate
1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol
DL-alpha-Laurin
Glycerides, C12-18
.alpha.-monolaurin
67701-26-2
3-Dodecanoyloxy-1,2-propanediol
(+-)-Glyceryl 1-monododecanoate
Dodecanoic acid alpha-monoglyceride
glyceryl 1-laurate
Glycerin monolaurate
(+-)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
Dodecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
Glycerol .alpha.-monolaurate
WR963Y5QYW
40738-26-9
DTXSID5041275
CHEBI:75543
Lauric acid .alpha.-monoglyceride
1-Monolaurin;1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol
Lauric acid, monoester with glycerol
Dodecanoic acid .alpha.-monoglyceride
NSC698570
NSC-698570
NCGC00164528-01
alpha-Monolaurin
1-monolauroylglycerol
DTXCID3021275
Glucerol alpha-monolaurate
Monolauroylglycerin
CAS-142-18-7
Lauric acid alpha-monoglyceride
C15H30O4
EINECS 205-526-6
UNII-WR963Y5QYW
Lauricidin R
Cithrol GML
rac-1-monolaurin
MG 12:0
Hodag GML
Glycerox L 8
Lauricidin 802
Lauricidin 812
1-dodecanoylglycerol
EINECS 266-944-2
Grindtek ML 90
Dimodan ML 90
Imwitor 312
Sunsoft 750
Sunsoft 757
Monomuls 90L12
rac-1-lauroylglycerol
Aldo MLD-K-FG
Glycerol 1-dodecanoate
Tegin L 90
rac-1-dodecanoylglycerol
AI3-03482
SDA 16-001-00
rac-1-monolauroylglycerol
Glycerol alpha-monolaurate
Poem M 300
EC 205-526-6
EC 266-944-2
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) (VAN)
Glycerol .alpha.-dodecanoate
SCHEMBL16042
MLS004773952
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl laurate #
CHEMBL510533
CHEBI:75539
GLYCEROL 1-MONODODECANOATE
1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%
UNII-Y98611C087
1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-dodecanoate
MAG 12:0
NSC 4837
rac-2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
EINECS 248-337-4
Tox21_112159
Tox21_300759
MFCD00037815
(.+/-.)-Glyceryl 1-monododecanoate
AKOS016005827
Dodecanoic acid,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
NCGC00164528-02
NCGC00164528-03
NCGC00164528-04
NCGC00254663-01
5-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-2-PYRIMIDINAMINE
AS-60593
NCI60_035284
SMR001254002
(+/-)-GLYCERYL 1-MONODODECANOATE
(.+/-.)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
HY-121620
FT-0625428
FT-0626744
FT-0774814
G0081
M 300
Y98611C087
(+/-)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL DODECANOATE
H10813
L-1475
A885218
Q2113676

2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; Glyceryl monostearate; Glycerin monostearate; Monostearin; Glyceryl monostearate; 3-Stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol; Glyceryl stearate; Alpha-Monostearin; Monostearin; Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; Glycerin 1-monostearate; Glycerin 1-stearate; Glycerol alpha-monostearate; Glyceryl 1-monostearate; Stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride; Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monostearin; 1-Monostearoylglycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-octadecanoyl ester CAS NO:123-94-4; 11099-07-3

DESCRIPTION:

1-monostearoylglycerol is a 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.
Glycerol monostearate (GMS) has a role as an algal metabolite and a Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite.
Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is the glycerol ester of stearic acid .


CAS: 123-94-4
European Community (EC) Number: 250-705-4
IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
Molecular Formula: C21H42O4



Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.
Glycerol monostearate takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Glycerol monostearate is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas


Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.
Glyceryl monostearate is a natural product found in Aristolochia cucurbitifolia, Lobelia longisepala, and other organisms with data available.


Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is an effective emulsifier used in the baking industry available in the form of small beads, flakes, or powders.
In addition to emulsification, Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is a thickening agent and a stabilizer.
In baking, Glycerol monostearate (GMS) is used to improve dough quality and stabilize fat/protein emulsions.



Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is a waxy ingredient that is obtained from coconuts, palm kernels, or olives.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is usually pale yellow or white in color.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is used in skin care and cosmetic products because of its great moisturizing properties.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) traps moisture on the skin and hair to prevent dehydration and damage.
Moreover, Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) also binds other ingredients together in a formulation.
Further, this ingredient is mildly comedogenic and may cause acne on some skin types.
The chemical formula of Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is C21H42O4.



Glyceryl monostearate is a self emulsifying wax.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is located in dozens of personal care products, including moisturizers, eye cream, sunscreen, makeup and hand creams.
Direct Chems provide Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) SE which is self emulsifying in pearl form and can be used as a viscosity enhancer adding emollient properties which makes skin softer and supple.


Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) also acts as a fast penetrating emollient which helps retain hydration, lubricate, condition and soften skin.
They slow loss of moisture so is ideal when adding to natural formulations.
The presence of Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) enables other ingredients in the formulation to continue functioning effectively in order to excel their beneficial properties by extending shelf life, preventing products from freezing and developing crusts on the surface.
One important factor is Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) allows oils to be added to products but decreases the greasiness so the final product is a smooth, creamy texture.


STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS, AND OCCURRENCE OF GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate.
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.

Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is present at very low levels in certain seed oils




ORIGIN OF GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
The first known emulsifier was egg yolk, often used to disperse liquid oil into an acidic aqueous phase.
Mono- and diglycerides were first synthesized in 1853 and were extensively used in shortening and margarine formulations by the 1930s.


COMPOSITION OF GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is a non-ionic ester of glycerol and stearic acid.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is soluble in ethanol at 122°F (50°C) but immiscible with water.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) often consists of a mixture of mono, di, and triesters of fatty acids occurring in food oils and fats.
They may contain small amounts of free fatty acids and glycerol.



COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is produced either through heating oils/fats with excess glycerol or by direct esterification of glycerol (of animal or plant sources) with stearic acid.
The proportion of monoester formed is dependent on the proportion of glycerol and reaction temperature range of 86-140°F (60-80°C).
Further purification is carried out by high vacuum distillation.



FUNCTION OF GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
The ratio of hydrophilic to lipophilic moieties, called hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is used in classifying emulsions.
HLB values range from 0-20 with lower values indicating dominant lipophilic character while higher values indicate hydrophilic character.
GMS has a HLB value of 3.8, making it lipophilic and suitable for uses in w/o emulsions, such as batters and doughs, dairy and other products.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is used in a paste form, i.e. mixed with water and other ingredients to improve gel stability.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is an unsaturated monoglyceride and offers better stability than other unsaturated monoglycerides, such as oleic acid.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is used in the baking industry to:
Help in the formation and maintenance of uniform dispersions of immiscible solvents.
Stabilize emulsions via displacing proteins from oil, wax or solvent surfaces.


Improve bread texture, and retard staling due to its complexation with starch amylopectin
Improve aeration of doughs and batters.


APPLICATIONS OF GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) has been used in the following applications:
To improve the physical and rheological properties of the batter and thus better-quality cakes
In breads such as pain courant Français, Friss búzakenyér, naan and roti

In sponge cakes and pancakes for aeration.
Dairy products such as cream, whipped cream, ice cream, cream powder, imitation creams, etc.
Fruit/vegetable spreads, jams, jellies, marmalades



Application in plastics industry:

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is used As a lubricant, anti-static agent, non-toxic plasticizer, anti-aging in the production of polymers, plastics and packaging films.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) Can improve the flexibility, plasticity and anit-static properties.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) Is used e.g. in the manufacturing of of polypropylene-caps to provide a slip/lubricant effect in addition to anti-static effect.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) In agriculture plastic films as anti fogging agent.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is used as a process aid in production of expanded polyethylene to improve gas
exchange.


PRODUCT BENEFITS OF GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) Reduces the friction during the extrusion process, giving a uniform cell size distribution and is improving the gas exchange.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is compatible with anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants and has exceptional electrolyte tolerance.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) has effects of emulsification, dispersion, foaming, defoaming, starch antiaging.


Product dosing:
We strongly recommend testing of your own system under the actual conditions of processing and end-use prior to full scale testing.
Exact loading must be determined by composition of the specific polymer system.


Other applications:

Cosmetic uses, as a co-emulsifier of emulsions, to modify viscosity and improve stability.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is used As an emulsifier in the production of foods, including ice cream, chewing gum, toffee, shortening, margarine, starch etc.

Anti-aging agent for starch.
Protective coating for hygroscopic powders.











USES OF GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) provides multiple benefits for the skin and hair.
This is why Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is used in thousands of cosmetic, skin care, and hair care products such as skin cleansers, foundations, eyeliners, and shampoos.

Skin care:
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is a humectant that draws water to the top most layer of the skin and binds it there to provide intense hydration.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) also acts as a thickener to maintain the texture and spreadability of the products

Hair care:
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is used to bring luster and shine to the shafts by bringing back the lost water content.
This ingredient also has foaming properties that make it a great choice for products such as shampoos


Cosmetic products:
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) acts as a surfactant.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is a good preservative that keeps cosmetic products from going bad by increasing their shelf life.
Cosmetics with Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) do not dry easily and provide hydration to the skin


Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) is a mixture of monoacylgcerols, mostly monosteroylglycerol, together with quantities of di-and triacylglycerols.
In the Ph.Eur, Glyceryl monostearate is distinguished into different grades, namely Type I, II and III depending on their fatty acid composition.
When supplied as an excipient, Glyceryl monostearate occurs as a hard, waxy mass or greasy powder, flakes or beads.


APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS OR TECHNOLOGY:
Glyceryl monostearate is principally used as an emollient, mild emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent, stabilizing agent, and tablet and capsule lubricant.
Owing to its lipid nature as well as the availability of many different grades, Glyceryl monostearate exhibits thickening, emulsifying and protective properties, making it a versatile excipient across multiple applications and dosage forms.

A summary of the different applications of Glyceryl monostearate in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications is outlined below:
• Formulation stabilizer (for water-in-oil emulsions containing polar and nonpolar ingredients)
• Dispersant for pigments in oils or solids in fats
• Solvent and co-solvent for phospholipids, such as lecithin
• Hot melt granulation excipient
• Matrix former for sustained-release tablets
• Lubricant for tablets
• Suppository base
• Hydrophobic agent in tablet coatings (prevents tablet sticking)

Incidences of polymorph formation when Glyceryl monostearate is used in product formulation are an important consideration.
Generally, the α-form tends to disperse easily and foams, rendering it useful as an emulsifying agent.
The β-form, being more stable, is suitable for use in sustained-release matrices.


Note that Glyceryl monostearate is not an efficient emulsifier.
Its usefulness resides in the fact that it is a useful emollient and co-emulsifier.
It is readily emulsified by common emulsifying agents and by the incorporation of other fatty materials into the formulation.

When added to creams, Glyceryl monostearate imparts to creams smoothness, and fineness, while improving the formulation stability.

About Glyceryl Monostearate – Self-emulsifying
Self-emulsifying Glyceryl monostearate is a grade of Glyceryl monostearate to which an emulsifying agent has been added.
A specification for self-emulsifying Glyceryl monostearate was previously included in the Ph.Eur (it still remains in the B.P).
This material is mainly used as an emulsifying agent for oils, fats, solvents, and waxes.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Thickening agent
• Emulsifier
• Preservant
• Surfactant
• Moisturizer
• Dispersant
• Emollient
• Lubricant
• Anti-caking agent


AREAS OF APPLICATIONS
• Food manufacturing and beverage industry
• Textile industry
• Plastic industry
• Pharmaceuticals
• Cosmetics
• Personal care products



PRODUCT FEATURES
• Eco-friendly
• Water insoluble
• High Efficiency
• Non-toxic
• Cost competitive








SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
Molecular Weight
358.6 g/mol
XLogP3
7.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
20
Exact Mass
358.30830982 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
358.30830982 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
66.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count
25
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
281
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Physical form, Solid, powder
Appearance, White or whitish, waxy solid
HLB Value, 3 (IMWITOR® 900 K)
Flash point, 240oC
Melting point, 55-60 oC
Boiling point, 238-240 oC
Relative density, 1.03 g/ml
Solubility, Insoluble in water
Melting point, 78-81 °C
Boiling point, 410.96°C (rough estimate)
Density, 0.9700
refractive index, 1.4400 (estimate)
storage temp., Sealed in dry,Store in freezer, under -20°C
solubility, Soluble in hot ethanol, ether, chloroform, hot acetone, mineral oil, and fixed oils. Practically insoluble in water, but may be dispersed in water with the aid of a small amount of soap or other surfactant.
form, Powder
color, Pure-white or cream-colored, wax-like solid
Odor, faint odor
Water Solubility, Soluble in hot organic solvents.Soluble in hot water. Slightly soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in aliphatic solvents.
Content of monoester (%):, Min. 95
Colour (Hazen):, Max. 190
Iodine value (gI2/100g):, Max. 3.0
Melting range (°C):, 60.0 - 70.0
Free acid (stearic acid) (%):, Max. 2.5
Free glycerol (%):, Max. 1.2
Water (%):, Max. 0.3
Arsenic (ppm):, Max. 1
Heavy metals (Pb, ppm):, Max. 5




SYNONYMS OF GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE (GMS):
glyceryl monostearate
monostearin
Glyceryl monostearate
123-94-4
Monostearin
GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE
31566-31-1
Glyceryl stearate
Tegin
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol
1-MONOSTEARIN
Glycerin 1-monostearate
Stearin, 1-mono-
Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride
2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
Glycerol 1-monostearate
1-Glyceryl stearate
Glycerin 1-stearate
Sandin EU
1-Monostearoylglycerol
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
Aldo MSD
Aldo MSLG
Glyceryl 1-monostearate
Stearoylglycerol
Glycerol 1-stearate
alpha-Monostearin
Tegin 55G
Emerest 2407
Aldo 33
Aldo 75
Glycerin monostearate
Arlacel 165
3-Stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol
Cerasynt SD
Stearin, mono-
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate
.alpha.-Monostearin
Monoglyceryl stearate
Glycerol alpha-monostearate
Cefatin
Dermagine
Monelgin
Sedetine
Admul
Orbon
Citomulgan M
Drewmulse V
Cerasynt S
Drewmulse TP
Tegin 515
Cerasynt SE
Cerasynt WM
Cyclochem GMS
Drumulse AA
Protachem GMS
Witconol MS
Witconol MST
FEMA No. 2527
Glyceryl stearates
Monostearate (glyceride)
Unimate GMS
Glyceryl monooctadecanoate
Ogeen M
Emcol CA
Emcol MSK
Hodag GMS
Ogeen GRB
Ogeen MAV
Aldo MS
Aldo HMS
Armostat 801
Kessco 40
Stearic monoglyceride
Abracol S.L.G.
Arlacel 161
Arlacel 169
Imwitor 191
Imwitor 900K
NSC 3875
11099-07-3
Atmul 67
Atmul 84
Starfol GMS 450
Starfol GMS 600
Starfol GMS 900
Cerasynt 1000-D
Emerest 2401
Aldo-28
Aldo-72
Atmos 150
Atmul 124
Estol 603
Ogeen 515
Tegin 503
Grocor 5500
Grocor 6000
Glycerol stearate, pure
Stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride
Cremophor gmsk
Glyceryl 1-octadecanoate
Cerasynt-sd
Lonzest gms
Cutina gms
Lipo GMS 410
Lipo GMS 450
Lipo GMS 600
glycerol stearate
1-MONOSTEAROYL-rac-GLYCEROL
Nikkol mgs-a
Glyceryl monopalmitostearate
USAF KE-7
1-octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
EMUL P.7
EINECS 204-664-4
EINECS 245-121-1
UNII-230OU9XXE4
Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
Glycerol .alpha.-monostearate
Glyceroli monostearas
Glycerol monostearate, purified
Imwitor 491
Sorbon mg-100
22610-63-5
Cithrol gms 0400
UNII-258491E1RZ
NSC3875
Stearic acid .alpha.-monoglyceride
(1)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate
MONOSTEARIN (L)
NSC-3875
1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol
EINECS 250-705-4
1,2,3-Propanetriol monooctadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
GLYCERYL 1-STEARATE
1-O-Octadecanoyl-2n-glycerol
AI3-00966
MG(18:0/0:0/0:0)[rac]
230OU9XXE4
DTXSID7029160
CHEBI:75555
EC 250-705-4
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE 40-50
Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
258491E1RZ
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90per cent)
83138-62-9
NCGC00164529-01
(+/-)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL OCTADECANOATE
DTXCID909160
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (A+/-)-
MFCD00036186
Celinhol - A
CAS-123-94-4
Myvaplex 600
rac-Glycerol 1-stearate
C21H42O4
1-Monooctadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
Celinhol-A
Glyceryl monostearate [JAN:NF]
MG 18:0
(+/-)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol; 1-Monostearin
Eastman 600
1-O-stearoylglycerol
1-octadecanoylglycerol
85666-92-8
rac-octadecanoylglycerol
glycerol 1-octadecanoate
rac-glyceryl monostearate
Glycerol .alpha.-sterate
rac-1-monostearoylglycerol
DSSTox_CID_9160
Monoglycerides, c16-18
(+-)-1-stearoylglycerol
SCHEMBL4488
(+-)-glyceryl monostearate
Geleol mono and diglycerides
DSSTox_RID_78757
DSSTox_GSID_29304
Glycerol monostearate (GMS)
(+-)-1-monostearoylglycerol
(+-)-1-octadecanoylglycerol
Glycerides, C16-18 mono-
Glycerol monostearate 40-55
GLYCERYL STEARATE (II)
CHEMBL255696
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate #
DTXSID7027968
CHEBI:75557
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90%)
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (II)
Glyceryl monostearate (JP17/NF)
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%
MAG 18:0
EINECS 238-880-5
EINECS 293-208-8
Tox21_112160
Tox21_202573
Tox21_301104
LMGL01010003
rac-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
AKOS015901589
Tox21_112160_1
DB11250
(+-)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
NCGC00164529-02
NCGC00164529-03
NCGC00164529-04
NCGC00255004-01
NCGC00260122-01
Octadecanoic acid,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-octadecanoyl ester
BS-50505
CAS-11099-07-3
FT-0626740
FT-0626748
FT-0674656
G0085
Octadecanoic acid, 2.3-dihydroxypropyl ester
D01947
EC 293-208-8
F71433
S-7950
A890632
A903419
SR-01000944874
Q-201168
Q5572563
SR-01000944874-1
W-110285
()-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol; 1-Monostearin
342394-34-7
InChI=1/C21H42O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h20,22-23H,2-19H2,1H

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Glycerol Monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier and thickener.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is derived from glycerol (glycerin) and stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid.

CAS Number: 123-94-4
Molecular Formula: C21H42O4
Molecular Weight: 358.56
EINECS Number: 204-664-4

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), also called monstearin or glyceryl stearate, is a hard, waxy mass, powder or flake ingredient, which is typically white.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is derived from vegetable oils.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS)e is often used as an emulsifier.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is found in dozens of personal care products, such as moisturizers, eye cream, sunscreen, makeup, hand cream, and other products.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used in foods as a thickener.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), also known as glyceryl monostearate or mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471 when used as a food additive), is a chemical compound commonly used in various industries, including the food industry and cosmetics.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) appears as a white or slightly yellowish waxy solid or powder at room temperature.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a long chain molecule typically occurring in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is one of the panels of serum metabolic biomarkers for detecting and diagnosing cancer, especial ovarian cancer.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used in the development of drug delivery vehicles such as nanoparticles and microemulsions.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can also be used as an emulsifying agent, which allows the suspension of pharmaceuticals in a biodegradable form.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is an effective emulsifier used in the baking industry available in the form of small beads, flakes, or powders.
In addition to emulsification, GMS is a thickening agent and a stabilizer.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate.
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a fatty acid ester seen in food, cosmetics, and beauty products (hair and skin) for various uses, including as a: thickening agent, emulsifier, anti-sticking agent, dispersing agent, solvent, greasing agent, and perfume dilutant.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a Glyceryl Ester; Glyceryl Monostearate specifically occurs naturally in the body and fatty foods and is formed during the breakdown of fats in the body.
When applied topically, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) constituent makes Glyceryl Stearate a fast-penetrating emollient that helps create a protective barrier on the skin's surface.
This helps retain hydration and slow the loss of moisture.

This reduced rate of water evaporation helps to lubricate, condition, soften, and smooth the skin.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS)s protective properties extend to its antioxidant qualities, which help protect the skin against damage caused by free radicals.
When added to natural formulations, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) has stabilizing effects on the final product, which means it helps the other ingredients in the formulation continue functioning effectively to exhibit their beneficial properties.

In this way, it helps to balance the product’s pH value and thereby prevents the product from becoming overly acidic or alkaline.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) also helps increase shelf life, prevents products from freezing or from developing crusts on their surfaces, and it helps lessen the greasy nature of some oils that may be added to cosmetics formulations.
In formulations that are oil-based, the thickening properties of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) help to scale down the need for co-emulsifiers and, in emulsions with big water phases, Glyceryl Stearate can help develop liquid crystal phases as well as crystalline gel phases.

As an opacifier, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) makes transparent or translucent preparations opaque, thus protecting them from or increasing their resistance to being penetrated by visible light.
This also helps to boost or balance the appearance of pigments and improve the final product's density for a luxuriously smooth and creamy texture.
Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is present at very low levels in certain seed oils.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a non-ionic ester of glycerol and stearic acid.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is soluble in ethanol at 122°F (50°C) but immiscible with water.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) often consists of a mixture of mono, di, and triesters of fatty acids occurring in food oils and fats.
They may contain small amounts of free fatty acids and glycerol.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is produced either through heating oils/fats with excess glycerol or by direct esterification of glycerol (of animal or plant sources) with stearic acid.
The proportion of monoester formed is dependent on the proportion of glycerol and reaction temperature range of 86-140°F (60-80°C).
Further purification is carried out by high vacuum distillation.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a self emulsifying wax. It is located in dozens of personal care products, including moisturizers, eye cream, sunscreen, makeup and hand creams.
Direct Chems provide Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) SE which is self emulsifying in pearl form and can be used as a viscosity enhancer adding emollient properties which makes skin softer and supple.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Chemically Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate.

Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.
Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is present at very low levels in certain seed oils.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a
protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can also be used as an additive in plastic, where GMS works as an antistatic and antifogging agent.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) also acts as a fast penetrating emollient which helps retain hydration, lubricate, condition and soften skin.
They slow loss of moisture so is ideal when adding to natural formulations.

The presence of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) enables other ingredients in the formulation to continue functioning effectively in order to excel their beneficial properties by extending shelf life, preventing products from freezing and developing crusts on the surface.
One important factor is Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) allows oils to be added to products but decreases the greasiness so the final product is a smooth, creamy texture.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), commonly known as GMS, is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a glycerol ester of stearic acid.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) occurs naturally in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats, and is also found in fatty foods.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is often used as an emulsifier, helping to combine ingredients that would normally not mix well, such as oil and water.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS)'s used in products like salad dressings, mayonnaise, and creamy sauces to prevent separation and improve texture.
In baked goods like bread, cakes, and pastries, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can improve the texture, crumb structure, and moisture retention.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) helps create a softer and more tender texture in these products.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can stabilize foams and whipped products, enhancing the volume and stability of products like whipped cream, meringues, and ice creams.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS)can be used to prevent the formation of ice crystals in ice cream and frozen desserts, resulting in a smoother and creamier texture.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used in reduced-fat or low-fat products to mimic some of the texture and mouthfeel lost when fat is reduced.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can improve the quality of cake mixes by helping to disperse ingredients evenly and enhance the overall texture.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used to stabilize and emulsify flavor oils in beverages, helping to create a consistent flavor experience.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used in some candies and confections to improve texture, prevent crystallization, and provide a smoother mouthfeel.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a white or yellowish white, hard waxy mass or unctuous powder or flakes; odourless or slight, agreeable, fatty odour.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) should be kept in a tightly closed container, protected from light.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) may contain a suitable antioxidant.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides of stearic and palmitic acids.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) contains not less than the equivalent of 35.0% of monoglycerides, calculated as C20H40O4, and not morethan the equivalent of 6.0% of free glycerol.
Fatty acid esters, such as Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and more particularly ‘high-mono GMS’ containing more than 95% monoester; GMS is in accordance with most food contact regulations.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a high-quality and high-efficiency edible emulsifier, which has the functions of emulsification, dispersion, stabilization, foaming, defoaming and starch anti-aging.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is widely used the the manufacturing of ice cream, peanut butter, cake gel, bread and cakes.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), commonly referred to as GMS, is an odorless white flake with a sweet flavor profile.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is produced by combining glycerin and stearic acid and has a minimum of 40% Monoglyceride content.
The primary application for Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is to act as an emulsifier in foods such as breads, cakes, biscuits, margarine, shortening, peanut butter, among a wide range of other consumable goods that require an overall improvement in volume, texture, and consistency.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is often added to food and beverage formulations to thicken the composition of a recipe in addition to preventing the product from drying out.

In addition to food and beverage manufacturing, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) finds use for industrial applications.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is an internationally recognized non-toxic, harmless and safe food ingredient used in various food processing.
In addition, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) has a wider range of applications in the plastics industry, mainly used as mold release agents, plasticizers, antistatic additives, anti-shrinkage agents for plastic foam products, and internal lubricants in compound lead salt stabilizers.

In the production of PVC pipes and profiles, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used as an internal lubricant instead of stearic acid, which reduces the surface precipitation of PVC products and acts as a plasticizer.
In recent years, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) has been well used in the PVC pipe and profile industry.

Melting point: 78-81 °C
Boiling point: 476.9±25.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 0.9678 g/cm3
FEMA: 2527 | GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 13.16±0.20(Predicted)
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00 %. mild fatty waxy
Odor Type: fatty
JECFA Number: 918
Merck: 4489
BRN: 1728685
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 5.5
InChIKey: VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.23

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is widely used as an emulsifying agent in the food industry.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) helps mix ingredients that would otherwise separate, such as oil and water.
This property is particularly valuable in the production of various food products, including ice cream, salad dressings, and baked goods, where it can improve texture and stability.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can act as a stabilizer, helping to prevent the crystallization of fats and oils in certain products.
This is especially important in frozen desserts like ice cream, where it enhances creaminess and prevents the formation of ice crystals.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can also function as a thickening agent in food products, giving them a desirable texture or mouthfeel.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is often used in cake batters, pudding, and other desserts to improve consistency.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products, such as creams, lotions, and cosmetics, as an emulsifier, thickener, and moisturizing agent.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) helps create stable and creamy formulations.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can serve as a binding agent in tablet production, helping to hold the active ingredients together and improve the tablet's disintegration properties.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used as a processing aid in the production of plastics and rubber, where it can act as a lubricant, release agent, and antistatic agent.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used as a softening agent for textiles and fabrics, improving their texture and feel.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) may be incorporated into paint and coating formulations to modify their rheological properties and improve their spreadability.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in candle manufacturing as a wax additive to improve the candle's burn time and texture.
Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) is a mixture of monoacylgcerols, mostly monosteroylglycerol, together with quantities of di-and triacylglycerols.

In the Ph.Eur, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is distinguished into different grades, namely Type I, II and III depending on their fatty acid composition.
When supplied as an excipient, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) occurs as a hard, waxy mass or greasy powder, flakes or beads.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in a paste form, i.e. mixed with water and other ingredients to improve gel stability.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is an unsaturated monoglyceride and offers better stability than other unsaturated monoglycerides, such as oleic acid.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a single-tailed lipidic monoglyceride commonly used as a nontoxic food additive.
In this study, we have investigated Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), specifically its self-assembling properties and subsequent application in drug delivery.

Results from in silico modeling, corroborated by complementary small-angle neutron scattering, demonstrated vesicle formation; associated phase transitions were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry; dynamic light scattering revealed particle size alterations that occurred in the transition region.
Spherical morphology of unilamellar vesicles was visualized using transmission electron microscopy imaging.
Further, hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug loading in GMS vesicles and their amenability to surface modification for hepatic targeting have, in this study, been both predicted through molecular simulation study and demonstrated experimentally.

The influence of hepatotropic ligands on the stability of drug-loaded Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) vesicles vis-à-vis cholesterol has also been investigated; the resulting GMS based drug delivery vehicle, its properties enhanced through surface decoration, is envisaged to achieve targeted delivery of its payload to hepatocytes.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) objective of the present investigation was to study the spontaneous self-assembling behavior of stearic acid in the presence of its monoglyceride and to evaluate its potential to be used as drug delivery vehicle.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) interesting feature of this system lies in spontaneous formation of vesicles on hydration of molten mixture of stearic acid (SA) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) without using any solvent.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) 1H NMR spectrum of a sample was devoid of signals from fatty acid side chain protons, suggesting that upon interaction between SA and GMS, it adopts an orientation in which fatty acid side chains exists in hydrophobic domains separated from hydrophilic headgroup.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is composed of naturally occuring lipid ingredients glycerol and stearic acid.
Fragrance ingredient, skin-conditioning agent - emollient, surfactant - emulsifying agent, emollient, and emulsifying Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), C21H42O4, also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate , and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid.

Glyceryl Stearate, also referred to as Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), is a fatty acid derived from vegetable oil, Soy Oil, or Palm Kernel Oil; however, it is also naturally occurring in the human body.
This wax-like substance appears white or cream in color and is produced when Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) undergo esterification.
Traditionally, it is used in formulations for its emulsifying properties.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) also contains Sodium Stearate and/or Potassium Stearate.
The “SE” of Glyceryl Stearate SE stands for “Self-Emulsifying,” as it is a self-emulsifying form of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS).
While the names Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and mono- and diglycerides are used for a variety of esters of long-chain fatty acids, the esters fall into two distinct grades.

40–55 percent monoglycerides The PhEur 6.0 describes Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) 40–55 as a mixture of monoacylglycerols, mostly monostearoylglycerol, together with quantities of di- and triacylglycerols.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) contains 40–55% of monoacylglycerols, 30–45% of diacylglycerols, and 5–15% of triacylglycerols.
This PhEur grade corresponds to mono- and di-glycerides USP– NF, which has similar specifications (not less than 40% monoglycerides).

90 percent monoglycerides The USP32–NF27 describes Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides of saturated fatty acids, chiefly glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4) and glyceryl monopalmitate (C19H38O4).
The commercial products are mixtures of variable proportions of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and glyceryl monopalmitate.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a white to cream-colored, wax-like solid in the form of beads, flakes, or powder.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is waxy to the touch and has a slight fatty odor and taste.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is an emulsifier that helps form neutral, stable emulsions.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also a solvent, humectant, and consistency regulator in water-in-oil and oil-in-water formulations.

In addition, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used as a skin lubricant and imparts a pleasant skin feel.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of palmitic and stearic acids, and is made from glycerin and stearic fatty acids.
Derived for cosmetic use from palm kernel or soy oil, it is also found in the human body.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is very mild with a low skin-irritation profile; however, a slight risk of irritation exists if products contain poor quality glyceryl stearate.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate, and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and Glyceryl StearatejSE are the esterification products of glycerine and stearic acid.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) contains excess stearic acid reacted with potassium hydroxide to produce a self-emulsifying product.
Both Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and Glyceryl Stearate/SE are white to creamcolored wax-like solids.

Either ingredient may contain mono-, di-, and triglyceride impurities and fatty acid impurities.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and Glyceryl StearateISE are widely used in cosmetic formulations as emollients, auxiliary emulsifiers, viscosifiers, stabilizers, bases, and surfactants.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in more than 1200 cosmetic formulations at concentrations of rO.1-50%; Glyceryl Stearate/ SE is used in over 200 cosmetic products at concentrations of z 0.1-50%.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also widely used in foods as a surfactant, emulsifier, and thickener.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is an antistalant and dough conditioner in breads and is also used in pharmaceutical bases.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) has been granted regulatory status as GRAS ingredient, an indirect food additive, a direct food additive, and as an OTC substance.
In acute oral toxicity studies in rats, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and Glyceryl Stearate/SE were nontoxic or mildly toxic.

In chronic studies, 15-25% Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) in the diet of rats for three consecutive generations had no adverse effects.
Rats fed a diet containing 25% Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) for two years developed renal calcifications.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and Glyceryl Stearate/SE at concentrations of up to 100% were reported to be mildly irritating or nonirritating to the skin of rabbits.

In subchronic and chronic dermal toxicity tests, 4-5% Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) was nontoxic to rabbits but did cause moderate irritation (slight to moderate erythema, edema, atonia, desquamation, and/or fissuring).
In seven guinea pig sensitization studies, it was concluded that neither Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) nor Glyceryl Stearate/SE was capable of inducing sensitization.
In primary eye irritation studies, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and Glyceryl Stearate/SE at concentrations up to 100% were mildly irritating or nonirritating when instilled in the eyes of rabbits.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), fed to mice in doses of 50-100 mg/day or 1.5% in the diet until they died, did not induce significant brain or gastric tumor formation, respectively.
Five percent Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) did not promote the carcinogenicity of DMBA in mouse skin.
Single and Repeated Insult Patch Tests used to evaluate human skin irritation and sensitization potential of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and Glyceryl Stearate/SE showed both ingredients to be nonse'3ritizing and nonirritating.

Products containing 2% Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) were nonphototoxic anu ionphotoallergic.
Worker experience shows that Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) and Glyceryl Stearate/SE are nonirritating to human skin.
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), a nonionic amphiphilic monoglyceride of glycerol and stearic acid is widely used as emulsifier in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and textile industry.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate.
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.
Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.

Uses
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is self-emulsifying glyceryl stearate.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) provides a stable, uniform oil-in-water emulsion.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in the development of drug delivery vehicles such as nanoparticles and microemulsions.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.
In industry, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used as an emulsifier.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) also occurs naturally in the body as a fat metabolite, and is present in foods with high fat content.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) pharmaceuticals, Glycerin monostearate is used as a protective coating for hygroscopic powders, and a solidifier and control release agen.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is widely used in the food industry as an emulsifying agent to create stable mixtures of ingredients that would otherwise separate, such as oil and water.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is commonly found in salad dressings, sauces, and mayonnaise.
In frozen desserts like ice cream, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) helps prevent the crystallization of fats, improving the texture and preventing the formation of ice crystals.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can thicken food products, providing a desirable texture in items like puddings, custards, and soups.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in baked goods like bread, cakes, and cookies to improve texture, moisture retention, and shelf life.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is added to dairy products such as yogurt and cream to enhance creaminess and consistency.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be found in chocolates and candies to prevent fat bloom and ensure a smooth texture.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) commonly known as GMS, is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a colorless, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a glycerol ester of stearic acid.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) occurs naturally in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats, and is also found in fatty foods.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking, and preservative agent, an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes and solvents, a
protective coating for hygroscopic powders, a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals, and a resin lubricant.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.GMS is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream its smooth texture.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can, therefore, be used in all plastics employed for food packaging fatty amine polyglycol ethers (e.g., cocoamine + 2 EO) fatty acid diethanolamides (e.g., coconut fatty acid diethanolamide) fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (can be used as internal antistats and viscosity modifiers in PVC plastisols or as external antistats in mold release formulations for green tires)

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used as an emulsifier, resin lubricant, opacifier, emollient, bodying agent in a variety of cosmetic formulations for skincare and haircare.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used as a thickening, anti-caking and preservative agent.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also useful for preventing ice creams from drying out or being too sweet.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is further used as a foaming agent for the foam-mat drying of papaya.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also used as an anti-staling agent in bread.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in cosmetics and personal care products, including creams, lotions, and makeup, to create stable emulsions and improve product consistency.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used as both emulsifier and stabilizer in the food industry. It is commercially available in powder or bead forms.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a food additive with a distinctive odor, white or sometimes beige in color and known in the food industry with the food code e 471.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a highly effective emulsifier in emulsifying the oil-water phase.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is also effective in extending the stratification and shelf life of food products.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is especially used in the bread and bakery products and pastry industry, in the oil industry.
Apart from the food industry, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) finds use in the cosmetics, detergent, plastic and pharmaceutical industries.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), which is involved in the formulations of ice cream, starchy products, dairy products, chewing gum, chocolate and other food products.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used as a softener in textile products and as a lubricant in plastic products.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used as an emulsifier in ice cream, GMS prevents the development of coarse ice crystals and gives a smooth texture.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), which ensures the formation of stable emulsions that do not break down during freezing, improves the shelf life by keeping the ice cream firm and dry without hardening.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) for bakery products such as bread and cake; It causes soft, moist, good pore structure in the product, gives white shine and volume to the products, retains moisture, delays spongy structure and staleness, and increases the shelf life of the product.
With the use of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), the amount of egg yolk used in the products decreases and thus reduces the cost.

In chocolate products, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) provides a good oil dispersion even at high temperatures, reduces stickiness and separation during production and storage, improves texture and consistency, reduces sugar crystallization, reduces the loss of flowering and product-specific shine, prevents products such as caramel and nougat from precipitation on the tooth, It provides better dispersion and stabilization and acts as a plasticizer in chewing gums.
In margarine products, on the other hand, it reduces the tension between oil and water interfaces, which leads to the formation of stable emulsions.

When used with soy lecithin, the solubility of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is increased.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS), which leads to a better mouthfeel in the product and increases its spreadability, emulsifies the water in margarine and stabilizes the water in the oil.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is widely used in cosmetics.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is an emulsifying and solubilizing ingredient, dispersing agent, emollient, formula stabilizer, and surface-action agent.
Employed in baby creams, face masks, foundation, and hand lotions, it is often derived from hydrogenated soybean oil.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) has little or no G toxicity.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is prepared by the reaction of glycerin with triglycerides from animal or vegetable sources, producing a mixture of monoglycerides and diglycerides.
The diglycerides may be further reacted to produce the 90% monoglyceride grade.

Another process involves reaction of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) with stearoyl chloride.
The starting materials are not pure substances and therefore the products obtained from the processes contain a mixture of esters, including palmitate and oleate.
Consequently, the composition, and therefore the physical properties, of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) may vary considerably depending on the manufacturer.

The many varieties of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) are used as nonionic emulsifiers, stabilizers, emollients, and plasticizers in a variety of food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) acts as an effective stabilizer, that is, as a mutual solvent for polar and nonpolar compounds that may form water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) has moisturizing properties, making it suitable for skincare products, lip balms, and hair conditioners.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can thicken formulations, providing a luxurious and creamy texture in products like body lotions and shower gels.
In pharmaceutical tablets and capsules, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) serves as a binding agent to hold the active ingredients together and improve tablet disintegration properties.
In the manufacturing of plastics and rubber, Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) acts as a processing aid, lubricant, and antistatic agent.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in the textile industry as a softening agent for fabrics, enhancing their texture and feel.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be incorporated into paint and coating formulations to modify rheological properties and improve spreadability.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in candle production as a wax additive to improve burn time and candle texture.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used as a binding agent in tablet production, helping to hold the active ingredients together and improve tablet disintegration properties.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can also be used as an additive in plastic, where Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) works as an antistatic and antifogging agent.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used in tablet coating formulations to provide a smooth and consistent coating on pharmaceutical tablets, making them easier to swallow and improving their appearance.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is found in some toothpaste formulations as a thickening and stabilizing agent to provide the desired texture and consistency.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in the pet food industry as an emulsifier and stabilizer in various pet food products, including wet and dry pet foods.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be employed in the paper industry as a paper coating additive to improve printability, reduce dusting, and enhance the paper's surface properties.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used as a slip agent to reduce friction between layers of film and improve the film's handling and processing characteristics.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) may be added to adhesive formulations to improve their tackiness and adhesion properties, making them more effective in bonding various materials.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can serve as a base material for suppositories in pharmaceutical applications, helping to solidify and shape the suppository for rectal administration.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) can be used as a component of metalworking fluids to provide lubrication and cooling properties in machining processes.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) may be used as a component in lubricants to reduce friction and wear in machinery.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is added to shoe polish formulations to enhance the shine and water resistance of leather shoes.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is used in some pyrotechnic compositions to control the burning rate of fireworks and produce specific effects.

Safety Profile:
Concentrated or prolonged contact with Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) may cause skin and eye irritation in some individuals.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is advisable to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) in its concentrated form.

Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) powder or dust can lead to respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation is important when working with powdered GMS.
Although rare, some individuals may have allergies or sensitivities to Glycerol Monostearate (GMS).

Allergic reactions could include skin rashes or other symptoms.
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) itself is not flammable, but it can release flammable gases (siloxanes) if subjected to high temperatures or open flames.

Therefore, it should be stored away from heat sources and open flames.
To minimize hazards, follow safe handling practices, such as wearing appropriate PPE, avoiding contact with eyes and skin, and taking measures to prevent inhalation of dust or powder during handling.

Synonyms:
Glyceryl monostearate
123-94-4
Monostearin
GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE
31566-31-1
Glyceryl stearate
Tegin
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol
1-MONOSTEARIN
Glycerin 1-monostearate
Stearin, 1-mono-
Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride
2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
Glycerol 1-monostearate
1-Glyceryl stearate
Glycerin 1-stearate
Sandin EU
1-Monostearoylglycerol
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
Aldo MSD
Aldo MSLG
Glyceryl 1-monostearate
Stearoylglycerol
Glycerol 1-stearate
alpha-Monostearin
Tegin 55G
Emerest 2407
Aldo 33
Aldo 75
Arlacel 165
3-Stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol
Cerasynt SD
Stearin, mono-
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate
.alpha.-Monostearin
Monoglyceryl stearate
Glycerol alpha-monostearate
Cefatin
Dermagine
Monelgin
Sedetine
Admul
Orbon
Citomulgan M
Drewmulse V
Cerasynt S
Drewmulse TP
Tegin 515
Cerasynt SE
Cerasynt WM
Cyclochem GMS
Drumulse AA
Protachem GMS
Witconol MS
Witconol MST
FEMA No. 2527
Glyceryl stearates
Monostearate (glyceride)
Unimate GMS
Glyceryl monooctadecanoate
Ogeen M
Emcol CA
Emcol MSK
Hodag GMS
Ogeen GRB
Ogeen MAV
Aldo MS
Aldo HMS
Armostat 801
Kessco 40
Stearic monoglyceride
Abracol S.L.G.
Arlacel 161
Arlacel 169
Imwitor 191
Imwitor 900K
NSC 3875
11099-07-3
Atmul 67
Atmul 84
Starfol GMS 450
Starfol GMS 600
Starfol GMS 900
Cerasynt 1000-D
Emerest 2401
Aldo-28
Aldo-72
Atmos 150
Atmul 124
Estol 603
Ogeen 515
Tegin 503
Grocor 5500
Grocor 6000
Glycerol stearate, pure
Stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride
Cremophor gmsk
Glyceryl 1-octadecanoate
Cerasynt-sd
Lonzest gms
Cutina gms
Lipo GMS 410
Lipo GMS 450
Lipo GMS 600
glycerol stearate
1-MONOSTEAROYL-rac-GLYCEROL
Nikkol mgs-a
Glyceryl monopalmitostearate
USAF KE-7
1-octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
EMUL P.7
EINECS 204-664-4
EINECS 245-121-1
UNII-230OU9XXE4
Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
Glycerol .alpha.-monostearate
Glyceroli monostearas
Glycerol monostearate, purified
Imwitor 491
Sorbon mg-100
22610-63-5
Cithrol gms 0400
UNII-258491E1RZ
NSC3875
Stearic acid .alpha.-monoglyceride
(1)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate
MONOSTEARIN (L)
C21H42O4
NSC-3875
1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol
EINECS 250-705-4
1,2,3-Propanetriol monooctadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
GLYCERYL 1-STEARATE
1-O-Octadecanoyl-2n-glycerol
AI3-00966
MG(18:0/0:0/0:0)[rac]
230OU9XXE4
DTXSID7029160
CHEBI:75555
EC 250-705-4
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE 40-50
Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
258491E1RZ
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90per cent)
83138-62-9
NCGC00164529-01
(+/-)-2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL OCTADECANOATE
DTXCID909160
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (A+/-)-
MFCD00036186
Celinhol - A
CAS-123-94-4
GMS
Myvaplex 600
rac-Glycerol 1-stearate
1-Monooctadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
Celinhol-A
Glyceryl monostearate [JAN:NF]
MG 18:0
(+/-)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol; 1-Monostearin
Eastman 600
1-O-stearoylglycerol
1-octadecanoylglycerol
85666-92-8
rac-octadecanoylglycerol
glycerol 1-octadecanoate
rac-glyceryl monostearate
Glycerol .alpha.-sterate
rac-1-monostearoylglycerol
DSSTox_CID_9160
Monoglycerides, c16-18
(+-)-1-stearoylglycerol
SCHEMBL4488
(+-)-glyceryl monostearate
Geleol mono and diglycerides
DSSTox_RID_78757
DSSTox_GSID_29304
Glycerol monostearate (GMS)
(+-)-1-monostearoylglycerol
(+-)-1-octadecanoylglycerol
Glycerides, C16-18 mono-
Glycerol monostearate 40-55
GLYCERYL STEARATE (II)
CHEMBL255696
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate #
DTXSID7027968
CHEBI:75557
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol (90%)
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE (II)
Glyceryl monostearate (JP17/NF)
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%
MAG 18:0
EINECS 238-880-5
EINECS 293-208-8
Tox21_112160
Tox21_202573
Tox21_301104
LMGL01010003
rac-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
AKOS015901589
Tox21_112160_1
DB11250
(+-)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
NCGC00164529-02
NCGC00164529-03
NCGC00164529-04
NCGC00255004-01
NCGC00260122-01
Octadecanoic acid,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-octadecanoyl ester
BS-50505
CAS-11099-07-3
FT-0626740
FT-0626748
FT-0674656
G0085
Octadecanoic acid, 2.3-dihydroxypropyl ester
D01947
EC 293-208-8
F71433
S-7950
A890632
A903419
SR-01000944874
Q-201168
Q5572563
SR-01000944874-1
W-110285
()-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monooctadecanoylglycerol; 1-Monostearin
342394-34-7
InChI=1/C21H42O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h20,22-23H,2-19H2,1H

Glyceryl monostearate; Glyceryl monostearate 90; 3-Stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol; Glyceryl stearate; Alpha-Monostearin; Monostearin; Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; Glycerin 1-monostearate; Glycerin 1-stearate; Glycerol alpha-monostearate; Glyceryl 1-monostearate; Stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride; Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride; 1-Glyceryl stearate; 1-Monostearin; 1-Monostearoylglycerol; 1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-octadecanoyl ester; cas no: 123-94-4

CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 27214-00-2 / 126-95-4 / 1336-00-1 / 58409-70-4 - Glycérophosphate de calcium, Nom INCI : CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE Nom chimique : Calcium glycerophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 248-328-5 / 204-813-3 / 215-643-4 / 261-240-1, Le glycérophosphate de calcium aussi appelé glycérophosphate de chaux, se présente sous la forme d'une poudre blanche. Il est utilisé en cosmétique dans les dentifrices en tant qu'actif anti-plaques et anti-caries, il optimise l'action des fluorures.Antiplaque : Aide à protéger contre la formation de plaque dentaire Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

DESCRIPTION:

Glycerol triacetate, is the organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
Glycerol triacetate is classified as a triglyceride, i.e., the triester of glycerol.
Glycerol triacetate is a colorless, viscous, and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low melting point.

CAS Number:102-76-1
EC Number: 203-051-9
IUPAC name: Propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate
Molecular Weight: 218.20
Linear Formula: (CH3COOCH2)2CHOCOCH3


GLYCEROL TRIACETATE= TRIACETIN

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE:
Chemical formula: C9H14O6
Molar mass: 218.205 g•mol−1
Appearance: Oily liquid
Density :1.155 g/cm3[3]
Melting point: −78 °C (−108 °F; 195 K)
at 760 mmHg
Boiling point: 259 °C (498 °F; 532 K)
at 760 mmHg
Solubility in water: 6.1 g/100 mL
Solubility: Miscible in EtOH
Soluble in C6H6, (C2H5)2O, acetone
Vapor pressure: 0.051 Pa (11.09 °C)
0.267 Pa (25.12 °C)
2.08 Pa (45.05 °C)[4]
ln(P/Pa)=22.819-4493/T(K)-807000/T(K)²
Refractive index (nD): 1.4301 (20 °C)
1.4294 (24.5 °C)
Viscosity: 23 cP (20 °C)
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C): 389 J/mol•K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 458.3 J/mol•K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −1330.8 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 4211.6 kJ/mol
Assay: ≥99.0% (GC)
Form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.431
bp: 258-260 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.158 g/mL at 20 °C
Molecular Weight: 218.20
XLogP3: 0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 218.07903816
Monoisotopic Mass: 218.07903816
Topological Polar Surface Area: 78.9 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 229
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point: 258 °C (1013 hPa)
Density : 1.161 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.1 - 7.7 %(V)
Flash point: 148 °C
Ignition temperature: 430 °C
Melting Point: -78 °C
pH value: 5.0 - 6.0 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.003 hPa (25 °C)
Solubility: 64 g/l


Glycerol triacetate has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations.
Glycerol triacetate is one of the glycerine acetate compounds.
Glycerol triacetate is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.

Glycerol triacetate has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.
Glycerol triacetate has a role as a plant metabolite, a solvent, a fuel additive, an adjuvant, a food additive carrier, a food emulsifier, a food humectant and an antifungal drug.

Glycerol triacetate is functionally related to an acetic acid.
Glycerol triacetate is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera with data available.
A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.
Glycerol triacetate is a triacetin compound that is used in the production of glycerol and glycerin.
The water vapor-resistant nature of this compound makes it an excellent candidate for use in projects where water vapor may be present.

Glycerol triacetate has been shown to have a high resistance to solid phase microextraction and can be used as a model system for studying the interactions of triacetates with other materials.
The reaction solution containing glycerol triacetate is acidic, which may lead to problems with water permeability if not properly treated.
This analytical method utilizes hydrogen bonding interactions between glycerol and glycerine molecules to measure the concentration of each component in the sample.

USES OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE:
Glycerol triacetate is a common food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.
Glycerol triacetate is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.

POTENTIAL USES OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE:
The plasticizing capabilities of triacetin have been utilized in the synthesis of a biodegradable phospholipid gel system for the dissemination of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX).
In the study, triacetin was combined with PTX, ethanol, a phospholipid and a medium chain triglyceride to form a gel-drug complex.
This complex was then injected directly into the cancer cells of glioma-bearing mice.
The gel slowly degraded and facilitated sustained release of PTX into the targeted glioma cells.

Glycerol triacetate can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.
It has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.
It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from triacetin.

SYNTHESIS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE:
Glycerol triacetate was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
Glycerol triacetate was prepared in the 19th century from glycerol and acetic acid.
Its synthesis from acetic anhydride and glycerol is simple and inexpensive.
3 (CH3CO)2O + 1 C3H5(OH)3 → 1 C3H5(OCOCH3)3 + 3 CH3CO2H

This synthesis has been conducted with catalytic sodium hydroxide and microwave irradiation to give a 99% yield of triacetin.
It has also been conducted with a cobalt(II) Salen complex catalyst supported by silicon dioxide and heated to 50 °C for 55 minutes to give a 99% yield of triacetin.

Safety:
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved it as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) food additive and included it in the database according to the opinion from the Select Committee On GRAS Substances (SCOGS).
Glycerol triacetate and two types of acetooleins have been found to be without toxic effects in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels that were several orders of magnitude greater than those to which consumers are exposed.

Three types of acetostearins have been found to be without toxic effects in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels up to 5 g per kg per day.
This contrasts with an estimated human consumption of a fraction of a milligram per kg per day.
It is recognized that at an even higher feeding level (10 g per kg per day) male rats developed testicular atrophy and female rats, uterine discoloration.

However, such a level which would amount to 50 g or more for an infant and 600 g for an adult per day, is vastly higher than would be possible in the consumption of foods to which acetostearins are added for functional purposes.
Glycerol triacetate is included in the SCOGS database since 1975.

Glycerol triacetate was not toxic to animals in studies of exposure through repeated inhalation over a relatively short period.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLYCEROL TRIACETATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



SYNONYMS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE:
MeSH Entry Terms:
Enzactin
Triacetin
Triacetyl glycerol
Triacetyl-glycerol
Triacetylglycerol
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
triacetin
102-76-1
Glyceryl triacetate
Glycerol triacetate
Enzactin
Glycerin triacetate
Triacetine
Triacetylglycerol
Fungacetin
Glyped
Triacetyl glycerine
Vanay
Kesscoflex TRA
Kodaflex triacetin
1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate
1,2,3-triacetoxypropane
Acetin, tri-
propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate
1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2,3-triacetate
Triacetina
Triacetinum
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate
Triacetin [INN]
Ujostabil
Estol 1581
FEMA No. 2007
Triacetyl glycerin
Triacetyl glycerol
1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate
1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol
2,3-diacetyloxypropyl acetate
Glyceryltriacetate
NSC 4796
Triacetin (USP/INN)
Acetic, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester
ENZACTIN (TN)
NSC-4796
Ins no.1518
1,2,3-triacetyl-glycerol
2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate
Ins-1518
1,2,3-triacetyl-sn-glycerol
CHEBI:9661
XHX3C3X673
E1518
E-1518
NCGC00091612-04
Triacetin (1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate)
DSSTox_CID_6691
DSSTox_RID_78184
DSSTox_GSID_26691
FEMA Number 2007
Triacetine [INN-French]
Triacetinum [INN-Latin]
Triacetina [INN-Spanish]
CAS-102-76-1
HSDB 585
EINECS 203-051-9
TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE)
BRN 1792353
Triacetin [USP:INN:BAN]
UNII-XHX3C3X673
Enzacetin
Euzactin
Fungacet
Motisil
Blekin
tri-acetin
AI3-00661
CCRIS 9355
Triacetin, CP
Triacetin, FCC
Triacetin, USP
3-Triacetoxypropane
Glycerine triacetate
MFCD00008716
Triacetin, 99%
Spectrum_000881
TRIACETIN [FCC]
TRIACETIN [II]
TRIACETIN [MI]
TRIACETIN [FHFI]
TRIACETIN [HSDB]
TRIACETIN [INCI]
Spectrum2_000939
Spectrum3_001368
Spectrum4_000362
Spectrum5_001376
TRIACETIN [VANDF]
TRIACETIN [MART.]
EC 203-051-9
Triacetin, >=99.5%
SCHEMBL3870
TRIACETIN [USP-RS]
TRIACETIN [WHO-DD]
BSPBio_002896
Glycerol triacetate tributyrin
KBioGR_000823
KBioSS_001361
4-02-00-00253 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002152946
1,3-Propanetriol, triacetate
DivK1c_000740
Glyceryl triacetate, >=99%
SPECTRUM1500585
Triacetin, analytical standard
SPBio_000878
Triacetin, 99%, FCC, FG
1,2,3-propanediol triethanoate
CHEMBL1489254
DTXSID3026691
TRIACETIN [EP MONOGRAPH]
FEMA 2007
HMS502E22
KBio1_000740
KBio2_001361
KBio2_003929
KBio2_006497
KBio3_002116
NSC4796
TRIACETIN [USP MONOGRAPH]
NINDS_000740
HMS1921G05
HMS2092O09
HMS2232I22
Pharmakon1600-01500585
Triacetin, >=99%, natural, FG
HY-B0896
ZINC1530705
Tox21_111155
Tox21_201745
Tox21_300111
WLN: 1VO1YOV1 & 1OV1
CCG-39680
LMGL03012615
NSC757364
s4581
Triacetin, 8CI, BAN, INN, USAN
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate, 9CI
AKOS009028851
Tox21_111155_1
Glyceryl triacetate, >=99.0% (GC)
NSC-757364
1,3-bis(acetyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate
IDI1_000740
NCGC00091612-01
NCGC00091612-02
NCGC00091612-03
NCGC00091612-05
NCGC00091612-06
NCGC00091612-07
NCGC00091612-09
NCGC00254207-01
NCGC00259294-01
LS-13668
SMR001224538
SBI-0051540.P002
FT-0626753
G0086
EN300-19216
D00384
E 1518
E75962
Q83253
AB00052112_06
A800614
SR-05000002079
J-000781
SR-05000002079-1
2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate #
Z104473192
Triacetin, GTA F.G (1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL TRIACETATE)
Triacetin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Triacetin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate; Glycerol Triacetate, USP Grade(1.03000); TRIACETINE; Glycerol triacetate; Glyceryl triacetate; propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate

Glycerol triacetate is a clear, viscous liquid with a sweet and fruity odor.
Glycerol triacetate is a colorless to pale yellow compound.
Glycerol triacetate has a molecular weight of approximately 218.21 grams per mole.

CAS Number: 102-76-1
EC Number: 203-051-9



APPLICATIONS


Glycerol triacetate is commonly used as a food additive and flavoring agent in the food industry.
Glycerol triacetate is employed as a solvent and excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.
Glycerol triacetate finds application in the production of confectionery items, providing enhanced flavor and mouthfeel.
Glycerol triacetate serves as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of plastics and films, improving their flexibility and durability.

Glycerol triacetate is utilized in the printing industry for the formulation of inks, improving ink flow and print quality.
Glycerol triacetate is used in the cosmetics industry as an emollient and fragrance enhancer in various personal care products.
Glycerol triacetate acts as a humectant in tobacco products, maintaining moisture levels and enhancing flavor.

Glycerol triacetate finds application in the production of adhesives and sealants, improving flexibility and adhesion properties.
Glycerol triacetate is used in the textile industry as a softening agent and lubricant for fibers and fabrics.
Glycerol triacetate serves as a solvent for various chemical reactions and experiments in laboratory settings.
Glycerol triacetate is employed in the agricultural industry as a formulation component in pesticides and herbicides.

Glycerol triacetate is used as a biodiesel additive, improving the performance and stability of biodiesel fuels.
Glycerol triacetate finds application in the leather industry as a softening agent and lubricant for leather processing.
Glycerol triacetate is utilized in metalworking fluids, improving lubricity and reducing friction during machining.

Glycerol triacetate serves as a coalescing agent in water-based coatings, aiding in film formation and performance.
Glycerol triacetate is used as a formulation component in insecticides and repellents in the pest control industry.
Glycerol triacetate finds application in the production of electrical capacitors and electronic components.
Glycerol triacetate is employed in metal plating processes as a leveling agent and brightener.

Glycerol triacetate can be used as a dielectric fluid or insulating material in electrical applications.
Glycerol triacetate is utilized in fuel cells as an electrolyte additive to enhance conductivity.
Glycerol triacetate finds application in gas chromatography as a reference standard or calibration compound.
Glycerol triacetate is used in smoke generators for special effects in theatrical productions or training simulations.

Glycerol triacetate serves as a solvent for resins, polymers, and cellulose derivatives in various applications.
Glycerol triacetate finds use in the inkjet printing industry for the formulation of stable inks.
Glycerol triacetate can be used as a solvent for cleaning and degreasing applications in automotive and manufacturing industries.


Some of its common applications include:

Food Industry:
Glycerol triacetate is used as a food additive and flavoring agent.
Glycerol triacetate enhances the taste and aroma of various food products, including confectionery, baked goods, beverages, and dairy products.

Pharmaceutical Industry:
Glycerol triacetate is utilized as a solvent and excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.
Glycerol triacetate helps improve the solubility and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients in oral and topical medications.

Cosmetic and Personal Care Products:
Glycerol triacetate finds application in cosmetics and personal care products as a solvent, emollient, and fragrance enhancer.
Glycerol triacetate is used in items like lotions, creams, perfumes, and hair care products.

Plastics and Packaging:
Glycerol triacetate acts as a plasticizer in the production of plastics, films, and coatings.
Glycerol triacetate enhances flexibility, durability, and transparency in various plastic materials.

Printing Inks:
Glycerol triacetate is used in the formulation of printing inks, including those for flexographic and gravure printing.
Glycerol triacetate helps control ink viscosity and enhances ink transfer properties.

Tobacco Industry:
Glycerol triacetate is employed as a humectant and plasticizer in tobacco products, such as cigarettes and cigars.
Glycerol triacetate helps maintain moisture levels, enhance flavor, and improve the burning characteristics of tobacco.

Industrial Applications:
Glycerol triacetate serves as a solvent and intermediate in various industrial processes.
Glycerol triacetate is used in the production of adhesives, sealants, coatings, and lubricants.

Textile Industry:
Glycerol triacetate finds application in the textile industry as a softening agent and lubricant for fibers, yarns, and fabrics.
Glycerol triacetate helps improve the flexibility and handling of textile materials.

Specialty Chemicals:
Glycerol triacetate is used as a raw material for the synthesis of other chemicals and esters.
Glycerol triacetate serves as an important intermediate in the production of fragrances, flavors, and pharmaceutical ingredients.

Adhesives and Sealants:
Glycerol triacetate is used as a plasticizer and solvent in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Glycerol triacetate helps improve the flexibility and adhesion properties of these products.

Agricultural Industry:
Glycerol triacetate is used as a formulation component in agricultural products such as pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides.
Glycerol triacetate can aid in improving the stability and efficacy of these formulations.

Fuel and Energy:
Glycerol triacetate is utilized as a biodiesel additive and fuel oxygenate.
Glycerol triacetate can enhance the performance and stability of biodiesel fuels.

Leather Industry:
Glycerol triacetate finds application in the leather industry as a softening agent and lubricant for leather processing.
Glycerol triacetate helps improve the pliability and durability of leather goods.

Metalworking Fluids:
Glycerol triacetate is added to metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and coolants, to improve lubricity and reduce friction during machining operations.

Water-based Coatings:
Glycerol triacetate can be used as a coalescing agent in water-based coatings and paints.
Glycerol triacetate aids in film formation and enhances the performance of these coatings.

Smoke Generation:
Glycerol triacetate is sometimes used in smoke generators for special effects, such as theatrical productions or training simulations.

Solvent for Resins and Polymers:
Glycerol triacetate serves as a solvent for various resins, polymers, and cellulose derivatives.
Glycerol triacetate helps dissolve these materials and facilitates their processing.

Electrical and Electronics Industry:
Glycerol triacetate is utilized in the manufacturing of electrical capacitors and electronic components as a dielectric fluid or insulating material.

Metal Plating:
Glycerol triacetate is employed in electroplating processes as a leveling agent and brightener for metal coatings.

Fuel Cell Electrolyte:
Glycerol triacetate is used as an electrolyte additive in fuel cells to enhance the performance and conductivity of the electrolyte solution.

Gas Chromatography:
Glycerol triacetate can be used as a reference standard or calibration compound in gas chromatography analysis.

Inkjet Printing:
Glycerol triacetate is utilized in the formulation of inks for inkjet printers, providing improved stability and ink flow characteristics.

Cleaning and Degreasing:
Glycerol triacetate can be used as a solvent for cleaning and degreasing applications, particularly in industries such as automotive and manufacturing.

Water Treatment:
Glycerol triacetate may be used in water treatment processes as a dispersant or solvent for certain chemicals or contaminants.



DESCRIPTION


Glycerol triacetate is a clear, viscous liquid with a sweet and fruity odor.
Glycerol triacetate is a colorless to pale yellow compound.
Glycerol triacetate has a molecular weight of approximately 218.21 grams per mole.

Glycerol triacetate is soluble in many organic solvents but has limited solubility in water.
Glycerol triacetate has a boiling point of around 258 degrees Celsius.

Glycerol triacetate is derived from the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid.
Glycerol triacetate is commonly used as a food additive, primarily as a flavoring agent and solvent.
Glycerol triacetate is considered safe for consumption in regulated quantities.

Glycerol triacetate is known for its ability to enhance the aroma and taste of food products.
Glycerol triacetate is used in the production of confectionery, baked goods, and beverages.

Glycerol triacetate acts as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of plastics, films, and coatings.
Glycerol triacetate exhibits low volatility, making it suitable for various applications.
Glycerol triacetate is often employed as a solvent in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Glycerol triacetate is used in the production of printing inks and dyes.

Glycerol triacetate is compatible with a wide range of materials, including cellulose derivatives and resins.
Glycerol triacetate is known for its stability and resistance to oxidation and discoloration.
Glycerol triacetate has a relatively low freezing point, making it useful in low-temperature applications.
Glycerol triacetate can act as a viscosity modifier and lubricant.

Glycerol triacetate is often utilized as a humectant to retain moisture in products.
Glycerol triacetate is biodegradable and has low toxicity.
Glycerol triacetate is subject to regulatory guidelines and specifications regarding its use in various industries.

Glycerol triacetate may undergo hydrolysis under certain conditions, releasing acetic acid and glycerol.
Glycerol triacetate is stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
Glycerol triacetate has a wide range of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
Glycerol triacetate is recognized for its versatility, combining desirable properties as a solvent, plasticizer, and flavor enhancer.

Glycerol triacetate, also known as triacetin or triacetyl glycerol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H14O6.
Glycerol triacetate is an ester derived from glycerol and acetic acid.
Glycerol triacetate is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a slightly sweet odor.
Glycerol triacetate is commonly used as a food additive, a plasticizer, and a solvent in various industries.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C9H14O6
Molecular Weight: 218.21 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Slightly sweet and fruity odor
Density: 1.16 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Approximately 258 °C (496 °F)
Melting Point: -78 °C (-108.4 °F)
Solubility: Soluble in many organic solvents; limited solubility in water
Viscosity: High viscosity liquid
Refractive Index: 1.433 (at 20 °C)


Chemical Properties:

Glycerol triacetate is an ester derived from glycerol and acetic acid.
It undergoes esterification, forming three acetyl groups on the glycerol molecule.
The compound is stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
Glycerol triacetate is relatively resistant to oxidation and does not easily undergo discoloration.
It can undergo hydrolysis under certain conditions, breaking down into glycerol and acetic acid.
The compound is combustible and may emit acrid smoke and fumes when heated to decomposition.
Glycerol triacetate has low toxicity and is considered safe for specific applications and regulated quantities.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected area gently with mild soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical advice.
In case of chemical burns or extensive exposure, seek immediate medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes immediately and thoroughly with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring to remove any contact lenses.
Keep the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if there are no immediate symptoms.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.


General First Aid:

Ensure that the affected person is taken to a well-ventilated area.
Keep the person calm and provide reassurance.
If the person is unconscious, lay them in the recovery position and seek medical attention immediately.
In all cases of exposure, whether through inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, or ingestion, it is important to seek medical advice or consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Glycerol triacetate.

Prevent Inhalation:
Avoid inhaling vapors or mists.
Use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection if necessary.

Spill Management:
In case of spills, contain and absorb the material with an inert absorbent.
Avoid spreading the material or allowing it to enter drains or waterways.

Grounding and Bonding:
Use appropriate grounding and bonding techniques to prevent the buildup of static charges, as Glycerol triacetate is flammable.

Handling Equipment:
Use suitable equipment, such as pumps or closed systems, to transfer or handle Glycerol triacetate safely.

Avoid High Temperatures:
Store and handle the compound away from heat sources, open flames, and high temperatures to prevent ignition or decomposition.

Separate from Incompatible Materials:
Store Glycerol triacetate away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and alkalis to prevent reactive hazards.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers with the name of the substance and appropriate hazard warnings.


Storage:

Containers:
Store Glycerol triacetate in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as stainless steel, glass, or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Temperature:
Keep storage temperatures below 40°C (104°F) to maintain stability and prevent decomposition.

Ventilation:
Provide adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Fire Safety:
Store away from ignition sources and flammable materials. Follow local fire codes and regulations.

Sunlight Exposure:
Protect containers from direct sunlight or UV radiation, as it may degrade the compound over time.

Segregation:
Store Glycerol triacetate away from incompatible substances to prevent cross-contamination or reactive hazards.

Spill Containment:
Implement measures to contain spills, such as bunding or secondary containment, to prevent environmental contamination.

Storage Stability:
Follow recommended shelf-life guidelines and storage conditions provided by the manufacturer.

Accessibility:
Store Glycerol triacetate in a secure area, out of reach of unauthorized personnel, children, or animals.

Inventory Management:
Keep an inventory of stored quantities and conduct regular inspections to ensure proper storage conditions and identify any signs of deterioration or leakage.



SYNONYMS


Acetylated glycerol
Glycerin triacetate
Glyceryl triacetate
Triacetyl glycerol
Triacetin
Triacetate of glycerol
Glyceryl triacetate ester
Glycerol triacetic acid ester
Glycerol triacetyl ester
E1518 (E number)
TAA (abbreviation for Triacetin Acetate)
Acetyl glyceryl triester
Triacetate glycerin
Glycerol acetate triester
1,2,3-triacetoxypropane
Glycerin acetic acid ester
Glycerol acetate ester
Acetic acid glycerol ester
Triacetate of glycerin
Triacetate of glycerine
Acetin
Triglycol acetate
Glycerol triacetate ester
Glyceryl triacetic ester
Acetic acid triester of glycerol
Glycerol triethanoate
Triacetylglycerol
Glyceryl triethanoate
Glycerol acetate triester
Triacetin glyceryl ester
Acetyl glycerin triester
Acetic acid triester of glycerin
Glycerin triacetic acid ester
Glyceryl acetic acid ester
Acetylated glycerin
Glyceryl triacetyl ester
Triacetate glycerin
Glycerol acetate ester
Glycerin acetic acid ester
Acetic acid glycerin ester
Glyceryl acetyl ester
Glycerol triacetic ester
Triacetin glycerol ester
Triacetate of glycerine
Glycerol triacetate acetate
Glycerol triacetate ester
Acetic acid triester of glycerol
Triacetate of glycerol
Glycerol acetate triester
Acetylated glyceryl ester
Glyceryl triacetic ester
Glycerin triacetyl ester
Triacetate of glycerine
Acetin glycerol ester
Triacetyl glycerol
Triacetyl glycerine
Acetylated glyceryl triester
Acetic acid ester of glycerol
Triacetate of glyceric acid
Glycerol acetic acid ester
Glyceryl triethanoic ester
Acetyl glyceryl triethanoate
Glycerin triacetic acid ester
Triacetate of glyceric acid
Acetylated glycerol triester
Glycerol acetyl ester
Glycerin triacetyl ester
Acetylated glycerol acetate
Glycerol triacetyl acetate
Triacetin glyceryl acetate
Glycerol triethanoic acid ester
Acetyl glycerin triethanoate
Glycerin triacetyl acetate
Triacetate of glyceryl acetate
Glycerol triethanoic ester

Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a very faint, fruity odor.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a mild, sweet taste that is bitter above 0.05%.


CAS Number: 102-76-1
EC Number: 203-051-9
MDL number: MFCD00008716
E number: E1518 (additional chemicals)
Linear Formula: (CH3COOCH2)2CHOCOCH3
Molecular Formula: C9H14O6 / C3H5(OCOCH3)3


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) derives from an acetic acid.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a very faint, fruity odor.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a mild, sweet taste that is bitter above 0.05%.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless liquid; slight fatty odor; bitter taste.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is slightly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol, ether, and other organicsolvents.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly fatty odor.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is an organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, oily substance with a faint greasy smell.
Its high solvency power and low volatility makes Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is obtained from acetic acid and glycerol.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is more generally known as glycerin triacetate.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is the triester of glycerol and acetic acid.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is an artificial chemical compound, commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also a component of casting liquor with TG.


In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) was listed as one of the 599 cigarette additives.
The Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is applied to the filter as a plasticizer.
Because Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is in some sense the simplest possible fat, it is being considered a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topic.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a good solubilizer for insoluble ingredients and a fragrance fixative or carrier in perfume.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has low volatility and color, high solvent power, and low toxicity.


It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from Glycerol triacetate (triacetin).
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is commercially prepared from acetic acid and glycerol.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is non-toxic and non-irritating.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin), CAS No.102-76-1, food emulsifier, manufacturing process through chemical synthesis from glycerol and Acetic Acid, available as Clear transparent oily liquid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin), also known as glyceryl triacetate, is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, oily substance with a faint greasy smell.
The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) and glycerin triacetate.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid, a food-grade ingredient used as a solvent and carrier in pharmaceutical preparations and as a solvent and fixative in the compounding of perfumes and flavors.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triester formed by the combination of glycerol and acetic acid.


This colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic liquid, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin), possesses a pleasant sweet taste.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) finds extensive use as a plasticizer and solvent across various applications, including the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, oily liquid of slight fatty odor and bitter taste.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is soluble with water and is miscible with alcohol and ether.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) functions in foods as a humectant and solvent.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colourless, viscous and odorless liquid with a high boiling point.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a glyceryl triacetate.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) acts as a plasticizer.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a clear liquid, free of suspended matter with a slight odor.
Its high solvency power and low volatility makes Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is the organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is classified as a triglyceride, i.e., the triester of glycerol with acetic acid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, viscous, and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low melting point.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid that occurs naturally in papaya.
The United States Food and Drug Administration affirmed Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in human food.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also generally recognized as safe in animal feeds, as a pesticide adjuvant, and in food packaging.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a liquid, and has been approved by the FDA as a food additive.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a water-soluble short-chain triglyceride that may also have a role as a parenteral nutrient according to animal studies.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is listed on the FDA Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) List.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triacetin compound that is used in the production of glycerol and glycerin.
The water vapor-resistant nature of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) makes it an excellent candidate for use in projects where water vapor may be present.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is one of the glycerine acetate compounds.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera with data available.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.


It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from Glycerol triacetate (triacetin).
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is an organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is classified as a triglyceride, i.e., the triester of glycerol.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, viscous, and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low melting point.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also known as triacetin, and it appears as a clear colorless oily liquid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a trihydric alcohol; the term “glycerol” generally applies only to the pure chemical compound 1,2,3-propanetriol, while the term “glycerine” applies to the purified commercial products normally containing more than 99,5% of glycerol.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is one of the glycerine acetate compounds
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is the triester of glycerol.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid at room temperature.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, oily liquids with a sweet, creamy and fruity taste.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a natural ingredient from papayas.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also a Fungicide and a fragrance and flavor solvent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is affirmed by US FDA as GRAS(generally recognized as safe) and widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries with E number E1518.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a short-chain triglyceride, also known as glyceryl triacetate, which is obtained by a chemical process of acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Glyceryl triacetate, also known as triacetin, is the triester of glycerol and acetic acid.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a synthetic compound that produces a clear, combustible, and oily liquid with a bitter taste that is used as a food additive with E number E1518.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is slightly soluble in water but very soluble in ether or alcohol.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a glycerin triacetate molecule.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triglyceride, triester of glycerol, food additive with E number E1518.
The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as triacetin and glycerin triacetate.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is an artificial chemical compound, commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid, a food-grade ingredient used as a solvent and carrier in pharmaceutical preparations and as a solvent and fixative in the compounding of perfumes and flavors.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) also serves as an ingredient in inks for printing on plastics and other nonabsorbent surfaces.


In nature, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is found in wine grapes and approved by FDA as a food additive.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is easily hydrolyzed, releasing free acetic acid.
Processes requiring in situ generation of acid, such as textile dyeing, can utilize Glycerol triacetate (triacetin).


In skin care preparations, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) exhibits fungistatic properties thanks to acetic acid released after hydrolysis.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.


The most important use of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is as a plasticizer for cigarette filters.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as a plasticizer and solvent for acetate fiber and nitrocellulose.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also used for natural rubber and synthetic rubber.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used plasticizing and does not affect vulcanization operations.
In the Food Industry: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has low toxicity and can be used as a mild fungicide for vegetables, fruits, animal glue and synthetic glue, and as a food additive, it can increase by 75% in volume.


In the Daily Chemical Industry: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as a fixative and a moisturizing base for cosmetics, and can also be formulated into a non-alkaline and chlorine-free household bleach.
As a Gasoline Additive: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can reduce the amount of lead discharged in the air.


As an Additive to Anti-corrosion Materials: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has excellent corrosion resistance to hydrocarbons.
In the Printing and Dyeing Industry: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as a swelling agent and stabilizer for cellulose acetate;Ink, cellulose, film and some alkaline solvents are also used as plasticizers for synthetic plastic films.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products, Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry.
Food grade Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets, used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in Tobacco industry, Dairy food, hard candy, butter and beverage, Chewing gum, Bakes food.


In skin and hair care applications Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as an antimicrobial agent, film forming, hair dyeing, plasticizer, or a solvent that is also compatible with cellulose.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a role as a plant metabolite, a solvent, a fuel additive, an adjuvant, a food additive carrier, a food emulsifier, a food humectant and an antifungal drug.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as cellulose plasticizer for cigarette filters; in binders for solid rocket fuels; as fixative in perfumes; to make cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as solvent for celluloid and photographic films; to remove carbon dioxide from natural gas; and as topical antifungal medication.


In Food: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as humectant, emlusifier, binder in food such as in baked goods, beverages, chewing gum, flavoring agents, dairy desserts, cheese, processed fruit, dried vegetables, confectionery.
In Beverage: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as emulsifier, flavor enhancer in beverage.


In Pharmaceutical: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent in Pharmaceutical.
In Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry feed: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as feed ingredients in agriculture/animal feed/poultry feed.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as core sand binder in metal foundry sector.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as solvent in printing inks.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a highly effective plasticizer for cellulose-based plastics.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as solvent in building wall coating.
Mostly, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in the food and cosmetics industry.
Here Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be found in chewing gum as a softener or as a flavor carrier.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) as an antimicrobial effect which is why it is used as an emollient and as a humectant.
Within the European Union Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is allowed to be added to food solely in chewing gum and as a flavor carrier.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be identified by its e-number (E1518).


Technical Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) (mixture of mono-, di-, and small quantities of triacetin) used as a solvent for basic dyes (especially indulines) and tannin in dyeing.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in cigarette filters.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used skin sensitization reported in a worker at a cigarette manufacturing plant.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as chromatographic fixative, solvent, toughening agent and fragrance fixative.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as plasticizer and fragrance fixative, ink solvent.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also used in the synthesis of medicine and dyes; humectant; carrier solvent; plasticizer; natural gas absorb carbon dioxide.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is allowed to be used in spices.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used food additive as a solvent for other additives, especially flavors.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin), also known as glyceryl triacetate, is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also used in the food, perfume and cosmetic industries.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a carrier, solvent or as a wetting agent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is added to chewing gum, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, food additives.
In addition to food, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is added to toothpaste, hair dyes, cigarette filters or perfumes.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a binder for solid rocket fuels.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used Fungicide, humectant and solvent for flavours derived from glycerol and acetic acid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of bio diesel.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as spice fixative, solvent, toughening agent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in the production of cosmetics, medicines and dyes, as a plasticizer for cigarette filter rods, etc.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used Substrate for determination of lipase, fragrance fixative.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as fixative in perfumery; solvent in manufacture of celluloid, photographic films.
Technical Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) (a mixture of mono-, di-, and small quantities of triacetin) as a solvent for basic dyes, particularly indulines, and tannin in dyeing.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also a component of casting liquor with TG and as an excipient in pharmaceutical products where it is used as a humectant, a plasticiser, and as a solvent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used to coat fresh fruit in the US, essences, cigarette filters, as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in chewing gum and other food contact related plastic compound.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a role as a plant metabolite, a solvent, a fuel additive, an adjuvant, a food additive carrier, a food emulsifier, a food humectant and an antifungal drug.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also used for natural rubber and synthetic rubber.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is functionally related to an acetic acid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a common food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.
The plasticizing capabilities of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) have been utilized in the synthesis of a biodegradable phospholipid gel system for the dissemination of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX).


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is mainly used as a synthetic flavoring agent in ice-creams, nonalcoholic beverages and baked goods.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as plasticizer.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as curing agent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as fragrance fixing agent.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as fiber solvent.
The most important use of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is as a plasticizer for cigarette filters.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as a plasticizer and solvent for acetate fiber and nitrocellulose.


In the study, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) was combined with PTX, ethanol, a phospholipid and a medium chain triglyceride to form a gel-drug complex.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) was then injected directly into the cancer cells of glioma-bearing mice.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) slowly degraded and facilitated sustained release of PTX into the targeted glioma cells.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used Solvent for flavors & fragrance, Cosmetic fixative, Food additive (E1518), Plasticizer in chewing gu, and Plasticizer for cigarette filter tips.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in ink coating, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate butyrate plasticizer and solvent, and Plasticizer and curing agent in foundry resins.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used primarily for flavors and extracts, as well as chewing pastes.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used Softening agents in thickeners.
Since Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) also has a moisturizing effect, it is used as a plasticizer for plastics and as a solubilizer for paint, textile, paper and leather treatment agents.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is plasticizing and does not affect vulcanization operations.
In the Food Industry: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has low toxicity and can be used as a mild fungicide for vegetables, fruits, animal glue and synthetic glue, and as a food additive, it can increase by 75% in volume.


In the Daily Chemical Industry: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as a fixative and a moisturizing base for cosmetics, and can also be formulated into a non-alkaline and chlorine-free household bleach.
As a Gasoline Additive: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can reduce the amount of lead discharged in the air.


As an Additive to Anti-corrosion Materials: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has excellent corrosion resistance to hydrocarbons.
In the Printing and Dyeing Industry: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as a swelling agent and stabilizer for cellulose.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also widely employed in laboratory settings as a buffer, stabilizer, or solvent.


Both substances are readily absorbed, broken down and used calorically by the body.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as an emulsifier, an agent that forms or preserves a mixture of substances that are normally immiscible, such as oil and water.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also used as a humectant, a substance that helps prevent food from drying out.
In beverage, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as emulsifier and flavor enhancer.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is one of the few food grade carrier for flavors and fragrances.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in food and cosmetic products.
It’s high solvency power and high volatility make Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) a good solvent and fixative for flavors and fragrances.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a triester of glycerol manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as Clear transparent oily liquid.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is widely used as emulsifier.
Cosmetics and fragrances: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used Humectant, plasticiser, solvent and fixative for fragrances, also used in dye synthesis and perfume fixative.


Antimicrobial agent: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is able to suppress or inhibit the growth and replication of a broad spectrum of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses by making the stratum corneum temporarily bactericidal and fungicidal.
Film-forming agent: Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) produces, upon application, a very thin continuous film with an optimal balance of cohesion, adhesion and stickiness on skin, hair or nails to counteract or limit damage from external phenomena such as chemicals, UV rays and pollution.


Notably, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) displays amphiphilic properties, enabling it to interact with both polar and non-polar molecules. his unique characteristic allows for the dissolution and stabilization of a wide range of compounds.
Moreover, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has been found to have diverse biochemical and physiological effects.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has demonstrated the ability to inhibit specific enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase.
Additionally, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has shown a reduction in the expression of certain genes involved in inflammation and cancer.
Moreover, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has exhibited a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is often used as a food additive because of its wetting, solvent and plasticizer properties.
In pharmaceuticals, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a plasticizer in the production of gelatin capsules.
In cosmetics, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used for its moisturizing and emollient properties.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin)-mediated acetate supplementation may provide a new safe chemotherapeutic adjuvant to reduce the growth of glioma tumours, particularly the more rapidly proliferating glycolytic and hypoacetylated mesenchymal glioma tumours.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a substrate for lipase determination.


Labelled as a humectant with the number E1518 in the European food additives list.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in cooking food and dairy products to promote fermentation.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used Chromatographic fixative, solvent, hardener, curing agent that can absorb carbon dioxide from natural gas.


Furthermore, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has demonstrated the ability to hinder the growth of specific cancer cells and mitigate the toxicity of certain drugs.
Thus, in the realm of scientific research, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) finds extensive applications in vitro studies.


In summary, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a versatile triester utilized as a plasticizer, solvent, and stabilizer.
With its amphiphilic nature, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can interact with a wide range of molecules, dissolve various compounds, and stabilize solutions.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has shown significant biochemical and physiological effects, such as enzyme inhibition and gene expression modulation.
Furthermore, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin)'s applications extend to diverse areas of scientific research, offering valuable contributions to in vitro studies.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used Environmentally friendly plasticiser containing no phthalates.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used as a plasticiser and solvent of printing ink, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, ethacellulose and ellulose acetate butyrate.
In casting, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a moulding sand hardener.


Application generally takes place in a spray chamber where Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is applied to the filter in the form of an aqueous aerosol.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in the food industry as a solvent for flavouings, and is used as a humectant in pharmaceutical products.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also used as a plasticiser and a solvent.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is approved to use as food additive in EU.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used Plasticizer for paints and adhesives, additive for special hardeners, adhesive for cigarette filter production, plasticizer for chewing gum or as a flavor carrier, food additive E 1518.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also a component of casting liquor with TG and as an excipient in pharmaceutical products where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used food ingredients, HTF - food/feed/beverage processing, Other-food chemicals, and Packaging inks non-food contact.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as an ingredient in many food and cosmetic products.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin)'s high solvency power and low volatility make triacetin a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances.


Glycerol is a very well-known substance which counts a great variety of applications: HUMECTANT, solvent, and SWEETENER in foodstuff, additive or solvent in the manufacture of perfumes, inks or automobile antifreeze, humectant in tobacco industry, plasticizer and lubricants for the plastic industry, smoothing agent, emollient, lubricant and humectant in personal care preparations and pharmaceutical products where in some cases has the function of ACTIVE PRINCIPLE INGREDIENT, such as in GLYCEROL SUPPOSITORIES.


One of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin)'s main uses is as a plasticizer in chewing gum.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is often used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is mainly used in dairy products, cheese, processed fruit, dried vegetables, confectionery, etc.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.
It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from Glycerol triacetate (triacetin).
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) also has some anti-fungal activity.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a plasticizer and fragrance fixative, ink solvent, also used in medicine and dye synthesis.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a chromatographic fixative, solvent, toughener and fragrance fixative.
Humectants; carrier solvents; plasticizers; Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can absorb carbon dioxide from the natural gas.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in the production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and dyes, plasticizers for cigarette filter rods, and so on.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used applied in cosmetics, casting, medicine, dyes and other industries.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is non-toxic, non-irritating.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as the substrate for the determination of lipase, perfume fixative, solvent, gas chromatographic fixative (maximum temperature of 85 ℃, solvent: methanol, chloroform), separation of gas and aldehyde analysis.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is an organic compound which is widely used in food, flavors & fragrances, pharmaceutical, cigarette, plasticiser, foundry, and textiles.


Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has been shown to have a high resistance to solid phase microextraction and can be used as a model system for studying the interactions of triacetates with other materials.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets, and has been used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent.


The reaction solution containing Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is acidic, which may lead to problems with water permeability if not properly treated.
This analytical method utilizes hydrogen bonding interactions between glycerol and glycerine molecules to measure the concentration of each component in the sample.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also used in the perfume and cosmetic industries.


-Pharmaceutical Applications:
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is mainly used as a hydrophilic plasticizer in both aqueous and solvent-based polymeric coating of capsules, tablets, beads, and granules; typical concentrations used are 10–35% w/w.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in cosmetics, perfumery, and foods as a solvent and as a fixative in the formulation of perfumes and flavors.


-In Health and Personal care
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin), an oil, is the triester of Glycerol and Acetic Acid.
In cosmetics and personal-care products, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used in makeup as well as in nail polish and nail enamel removers.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) helps cleanse the skin or prevent odor by destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is also a plasticizer and commonly used carrier for flavors and fragrances.


-Fragrance:
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) plays a decisive and important role in the formulation of cosmetic products as it provides the possibility of enhancing, masking or adding fragrance to the final product, increasing its marketability.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is able to create a perceptible pleasant odour, masking a bad smell.
The consumer always expects to find a pleasant or distinctive scent in a cosmetic product.


-Clinical Use of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, oilyliquid with a slight odor and a bitter taste.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) issoluble in water and miscible with alcohol and most organicsolvents.
The activity of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a result of the acetic acid releasedby hydrolysis of the compound by esterases presentin the skin.
Acid release is a self-limiting process because the esterases are inhibited below pH 4.


-Plasticiser uses of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin).
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is added to the formulation with the purpose of retaining fragrance and colour, increasing flexibility, flowability, deformability, durability of various ingredients allowing better processing.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) softens and makes flexible synthetic polymers that otherwise could not be easily processed, stretched or deformed.


-Solvent uses of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is the substance for dissolving or dispersing surfactants, oils, dyes, flavourings, bactericidal preservatives in solution.
In fact, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) dissolves other components present in a cosmetic formulation.
Solvents are generally liquid (aqueous and non-aqueous).


-Medical uses of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is both the shortest chain triglyceride (SCT), which contains fatty acids with two carbon atoms, and the only triglyceride that is up to 6 per cent soluble in water.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin)'s approval by the Food and Drug Administration as a safe human food ingredient has led to a series of studies examining its potential as a therapeutic agent.



FOOD USES OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
As a food additive, the influence of the choice of aromatic solvent between propylene glycol (PG) or Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) (TA) was investigated during the accelerated shelf life test (ASL) of biscuits and tartlets.
In particular, the differential effect on the stability of added vanillin, the natural baked marker compound 5- (hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF), specific oxidative rancidity markers (2,4-decadienal, 2,4-heptadienal) and the structural parameters of hardness and fractureability.

More HMF was formed during baking of biscuits prepared with Glycerol triacetate (triacetin); these biscuits were also more stable to oxidative degradation and vanillin loss during ageing than biscuits prepared with PG.
Fresh Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) biscuits were significantly more brittle than fresh PG biscuits.

There was no impact of the choice of solvent on hardness.
Sensory evaluation of hardness, vanilla flavour and oily note were tested during the ASL-tests.
There was no significant impact on the retention of sensory ratings for PG or Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) biscuits.



FUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is used as a solvent for flavours; it also has some anti-fungal activity.


DIETARY RESTRICTIONS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be used by all religious groups, vegetarians and vegans.



FUNCTIONS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
1. Flavor / Flavoring / Flavor Enhancer - Provides or enhances a particular taste or smell.
2. Fragrance / Fragrance Component - Provides or enhances a particular smell or odor.
3. Humectant - Binds with water to increase skin hydration. Also enhances water absorption of the skin



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a very faint, fruity odor. It has a mild, sweet taste that is bitter above 0.05%.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless liquid; slight fatty odor; bitter taste.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is slightly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol, ether, and other organic solvents.

Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly fatty odor.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless, odorless oily liquid. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents, soluble in acetone, insoluble in mineral oil.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is slightly soluble in water. 25 ° C in water solubility of 5.9g / 100ml.



FUNCTIONS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
*Fatty Acids & Lipids
*Flavoring Agent
*Solubilizer
*Solvent
*Carrier
*Antiseptic



WHAT IS GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN) AND HOW DOES GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN) WORK?
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) (glycerine triacetate and 1,2,3-propanetriyl triacetate) is an ester compound of glycerin and acetic acid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is a colorless liquid that smells oily to rancid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin)´s used as an emollient, as a humectant or as a flavor carrier in various industries.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has a viscosity (7.83 cSt at 40 oC) .



FUNCTIONAL CLASS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
*Flavouring Agent
*FLAVOURING_AGENT
*Food Additives
*CARRIER_SOLVENT
*HUMECTANT



MORE ADDITIVES AND FOOD ADDITIVES OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
*Shellac wax
*Conditioning agents
*Solvents
*Fumaric acid
*Flame retardants
*Maleic anhydride functionalized polymers



PRODUCTION METHODS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is prepared by the esterification of glycerin with acetic anhydride.


PREPARATION OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
By direct reaction of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of Twitchell’s reagent, or in benzene solution of glycerol and boiling acetic acid in the presence of a cationic resin (Zeo-Karb H) pretreated with dilute H2SO4.



MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
200 grams of allyl acetate, 450 grams of glacial acetic acid and 3.71 grams of cobaltous bromide were charged to the reactor and the mixture was heated to 100°C.
Pure oxygen was then introduced into the reactor below the surface of the liquid reaction mixture at the rate of 0.5 standard cubic feet per hour.

Initially, all of the oxygen was consumed, but after a period of time oxygen introduced into the mixture passed through unchanged.
During the course of the reaction, a small quantity of gaseous hydrogen bromide (a total of 1.9 grams) was introduced into the reaction zone, along with the oxygen.

The reaction was allowed to continue for 6 hours following which the reaction mixture was distilled.
Essentially complete conversion of the allyl acetate took place.
A yield of 116 grams of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) was obtained, this being accomplished by distilling the Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) overhead from the reaction mixture, at an absolute pressure of approximately 13 mm of mercury.



PRODUCTION OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) can be derived from the esterification of glycerol and acetic acid.
After preheating glycerol to 50-60 ° C, add acetic acid, benzene and sulfuric acid.
Heat and stir for refluxing dehydration, and recycle the benzene.
Then add acetic anhydride for heating of 4h.

After cooling, the mixture was neutralized with 5% sodium carbonate to pH 7, and the crude layer was dried and the crude oil was dried with calcium chloride.
Distill under reduced pressure, collect the 128-131 ° C (0.93 kPa) fraction, namely Glycerol triacetate (triacetin).



FOOD ADDITIVES OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
*Polyglycerol polyricinoleate
*Citrate
*Potassium metabisulphite / Potassium disulphite
*Sugar substitutes
*Flavorants / fragrances
*E vitamins



PRODUCTION OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
For commercial use, Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is produced synthetically from acetic acid and glycerol.



SYNTHESIS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) was prepared in the 19th century from glycerol and acetic acid.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin)'s synthesis from acetic anhydride and glycerol is simple and inexpensive.
3 (CH3CO)2O + 1 C3H5(OH)3 → 1 C3H5(OCOCH3)3 + 3 CH3CO2H

This synthesis has been conducted with catalytic sodium hydroxide and microwave irradiation to give a 99% yield of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin).
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) has also been conducted with a cobalt(II) Salen complex catalyst supported by silicon dioxide and heated to 50 °C for 55 minutes to give a 99% yield of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin).



SAFETY OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved it as Generally Recognized as Safe food additive and included it in the database according to the opinion from the Select Committee On GRAS Substances (SCOGS).
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is included in the SCOGS database since 1975.



CONTENT ANALYSIS OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Accurately weigh about 1g of the sample, put it into a suitable pressure bottle, add 25 mL of 1mol / L. potassium hydroxide solution and 15 mL of isopropyl alcohol, add stopper, wrap with cloth and put it in a canvas bag.
Put it into the water bath of 98 ℃ ± 2 ℃ for 1h, and the water level in the water bath should be slightly higher than the bottle level.

Take the bottle out from the bag, cool it to room temperature in the air, unfold the cloth and stopper to release the residual pressure in the bottle, and then remove the cloth.
Add 6 to 8 drops of phenolphthalein test solution (TS-167), apply 0.5mol / L sulfuric acid for titration of excess alkali until the pink could just disappeared.

At the same time, perform a blank test.
Each mL of 0.5mol / L sulfuric acid is equivalent to 36.37 mg of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) (C9H14O6).



THE NAME DEFINES THE STRUCTURE OF GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN) MOLECULE:
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) refers to a triester that is derived from glycerol and acetic acid.
The prefix "tri-" indicates that there are three acetic acid molecules esterified to each glycerol molecule.
The synthesis process of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) takes place in several stages:

*Preparation of glycerin:
The process begins with the preparation of glycerin, which is commercially available.

*Esterification:
Glycerol reacts with acetic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst, often sulfuric acid.
The reaction is heated, which initiates the esterification process.
This reaction causes the formation of Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) and water.

*Separation:
The reaction mixture is allowed to cool.
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin), being less polar than water, will separate from the reaction mixture.

*Purification:
Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is then purified.
This typically involves distillation, where Glycerol triacetate (triacetin) is heated and vapors are collected and condensed.
This process helps to remove any remaining impurities.

*Quality control:
The final product is tested to ensure it meets the specifications required for use in the intended applications.
This includes checking its purity, color and smell.

It is in the form of an odourless and colourless clear liquid, starts to sublimate when heated to 160°C and at 300°C, decomposes to chlorine and phosphorus trichloride.
Soluble in water, soluble in carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride and benzoyl chloride.
In moist air it is hydrolysed into phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
Appearance: Clear, colorless, odorless liquid
Triacetin content: ≥99.5%
Acidity (As HAC): ≤0.01%
Moisture: ≤0.05%
Color, Pt-Co: ≤15
Refractive Index (20℃): 1.430-1.433
Specific Gravity (20℃): 1.157-1.162
As: ≤0.0001
Pb: ≤0.0005
Residue on Ignition: ≤0.05
CAS: 102-76-1
Molecular Formula :C9H14O6
Molecular Weight: 218.20
Storage Details: Ambient
Harmonised Tariff Code: 29153900
Refractive Index: 1.4300 - 1.4332 @ 20 Deg C
Specific Gravity: 1.150 - 1.166 @ 20 Deg C
Purity: >95%
Appearance: Colourless liquid

Formula: C₉H₁₄O₆
MW: 218,21 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 258 °C (1013 hPa)
Melting Pt: –78 °C
Density: 1,1596 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Flash Pt: 138 °C (closed cup)
Storage Temperature: Ambient
MDL Number: MFCD00008716
CAS Number: 102-76-1
EINECS: 203-051-9
Merck Index: 12,09721
Melting point: 3 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 258-260 °C(lit.)
Densit: 1.16 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 7.52 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.00248 mm Hg @ 250C
FEMA: 2007 | (TRI-)ACETIN
refractive index: n25/D 1.429-1.431(lit.)
Flash point: 300 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature

solubility: Soluble in water, miscible with ethanol (96 per cent) and toluene.
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
Odor: Characteristic odour
Odor Type: fruity
explosive limit 1.05%, 189°F
Water Solubility: 64.0 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,9589
JECFA Number: 920
BRN: 1792353
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.25
FDA 21 CFR: 184.1901; 582.1901; 175.300; 175.320; 310.545
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE)
CAS DataBase Reference: 102-76-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: XHX3C3X673
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate(102-76-1)

EPA Substance Registry System: Glyceryl triacetate (102-76-1)
Molecular Weight： 218.20400
Exact Mass： 218.20
EC Number： 203-051-9
UNII： XHX3C3X673
ICSC Number： 1203
NSC Number： 757364|4796
DSSTox ID： DTXSID3026691
Color/Form： Colorless liquid|Colorless somewhat oily liquid
HScode： 2915390090
PSA： 78.90000
XLogP3： 0.2
Appearance： Liquid
Density： 1.1562 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point： -78 °C
Boiling Point： 258-260 °C

Flash Point： 148ºC
Refractive Index： 1.429-1.433
Water Solubility： H2O: 64.0 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions： Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Vapor Pressure： 0.0141mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density： 7.52 (vs air)
Flammability characteristics： Lower flammable limit: 1.0% by volume at 373 deg F (189 deg C)
Explosive limit： 1.05%, 189°F
Odor： Slightly fatty odor
Taste： MILD, SWEET TASTE, BITTER ABOVE 0.05%
Henrys Law Constant： Henry's Law constant = 1.2X10-8 at 25 °C atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)
Experimental Properties： Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 8.5X10-12 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)
Autoignition Temperature： 812 °F (433 °C)|433 °C
Flammable Limits： Lower flammable limit: 1.0% by volume at 373 °F (189 °C)



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
-Extinguishing media:
--Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
--Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Use impervious clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLYCEROL TRIACETATE (TRIACETIN):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate
Acetin, tri-
Enzactin
Fungacetin
Glycerin triacetate
Glycerol triacetate
Glyceryl triacetate
Glyped
Kesscoflex TRA
Triacetine
Vanay
Kodaflex triacetin
Triacetyl glycerine
Triacetyl glycerin
Triacetyl glycerol
1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2,3-triacetate
NSC 4796
Glycerol, acetylated
2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate
GLYCEROL TRIACETATE
Triacetine
GLYCERYL TRIACETATE
triacetate
GLYCERIN TRIACETATE
Vanay
Enzactin
Fungacetin
1,2,3-TRIACETOXYPROPANE
2,3-diacetyloxypropyl acetate
1,2,3-Propanetriol Triacetate
1,2,3-Propanetriyl Triacetate
1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane
1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol
2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(Acetyloxy)Methyl]Ethyl Acetate
Glycerin Triacetate
Glycerol Triacetate
Glyceryl Triacetate
1,2,3-Propanetriol,1,2,3-triacetate
Acetin,tri-
1,2,3-Propanetriol,triacetate
Enzactin
Fungacetin
Glycerol triacetate
Glyceryl triacetate
Kesscoflex TRA
Triacetin
Triacetine
Triacetylglycerin
Vanay
Glycerin triacetate
Glyped
1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane
Estol 1581
Ujostabil
Triacetylglycerol
Priacetin 1580
Priacetin 1581
NSC 4796
Edenor GTA
DRA 150
Speziol GTA
Kollisolv GTA
Triacetin 1584
Triacetain glycerol
Captex 500
Alphacure 920
DAR 150
Edenor GTA Kosher
106C
GTA
2,3-Diacetyloxypropyl acetate
1,3-Bis(acetyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate
DRA-150
2102168-03-4

Glycerol tripalmitate is a solid, waxy substance at room temperature.
It is derived from the esterification of glycerol and palmitic acid.
Glycerol tripalmitate has a white or off-white color.
Glycerol tripalmitate is odorless.

CAS number: 555-44-2
EC number: 209-008-0



APPLICATIONS


Glycerol tripalmitate (tripalmitin) finds various applications in different industries.
Here are some of its key applications:

Food Industry:
Glycerol tripalmitate is used as a food additive, functioning as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer.
Glycerol tripalmitate improves the texture and stability of food products like margarine, spreads, confectionery items, and baked goods.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:
Glycerol tripalmitate is utilized in skincare and cosmetic formulations as an emollient and moisturizing agent.
Glycerol tripalmitate helps to enhance the smoothness and softness of skin, making it an ingredient in creams, lotions, lip balms, and moisturizers.

Pharmaceuticals:
In the pharmaceutical industry, glycerol tripalmitate acts as a binder in tablet manufacturing.
Glycerol tripalmitate helps to hold the active ingredients together and ensure the integrity and stability of solid dosage forms.

Industrial Lubricants:
Due to its lubricating properties, glycerol tripalmitate is used as a lubricant in various industrial applications.
Glycerol tripalmitate can reduce friction and provide lubrication in machinery and equipment, particularly under high-temperature conditions.

Biofuel Production:
Glycerol tripalmitate can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production.
Through transesterification, it can be converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which are commonly used as biofuels.

Research and Laboratory Use:
Glycerol tripalmitate is used in scientific research and laboratory settings as a reference compound or as a substrate for various enzymatic studies and lipid metabolism research.

Release Agent:
Glycerol tripalmitate can act as a release agent in various industries, including food processing and mold release applications.
Glycerol tripalmitate helps prevent sticking and adhesion of materials to surfaces, molds, or equipment during production processes.

Candle Manufacturing:
Due to its waxy nature and solid form, glycerol tripalmitate can be utilized in candle manufacturing.
Glycerol tripalmitate can serve as a component in candle formulations, contributing to the texture, hardness, and burn characteristics of the candles.

Carbon Paper Production:
Glycerol tripalmitate has been employed in the production of carbon paper, a type of paper used for creating duplicate copies of written or printed documents.
Glycerol tripalmitate acts as a coating on the paper surface, allowing the transfer of ink or graphite impressions to subsequent sheets.

Calibration Standards:
In analytical laboratories, glycerol tripalmitate can be used as a calibration standard for certain analytical techniques and instruments.
Glycerol tripalmitate serves as a reference compound for the identification and quantification of specific analytes or for verifying instrument performance.

Biomedical Research:
Glycerol tripalmitate has been studied for its potential applications in drug delivery systems and as a carrier for bioactive compounds.
Research is being conducted to explore its use in controlled-release formulations and nanostructured lipid carriers.

Energy Storage:
Triglycerides, including glycerol tripalmitate, have gained attention as a potential renewable energy storage medium.
They have been investigated as a source of stored energy, where the fatty acids can be converted back into usable energy through processes like biodiesel production or direct combustion.


Glycerol tripalmitate is used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer in the food industry.
Glycerol tripalmitate improves the texture and stability of food products like margarine, spreads, and baked goods.

In cosmetics and personal care products, glycerol tripalmitate acts as an emollient, enhancing the smoothness and softness of the skin.
Glycerol tripalmitate is commonly found in creams, lotions, lip balms, and moisturizers.
Glycerol tripalmitate serves as a binder in the pharmaceutical industry, ensuring the integrity and stability of tablets.
Glycerol tripalmitate is utilized in the production of solid dosage forms, such as tablets and capsules.

Glycerol tripalmitate acts as a release agent, preventing sticking and adhesion in food processing and mold release applications.
Glycerol tripalmitate finds use in candle manufacturing, contributing to the texture and burn characteristics of candles.
Glycerol tripalmitate can be employed in the production of carbon paper, facilitating the transfer of impressions to subsequent sheets.

In analytical laboratories, glycerol tripalmitate can be used as a calibration standard for certain analytical techniques and instruments.
Glycerol tripalmitate serves as a reference compound for identification and quantification purposes.
Glycerol tripalmitate has potential applications in drug delivery systems and as a carrier for bioactive compounds in biomedical research.

Glycerol tripalmitate has been studied for its use in controlled-release formulations and nanostructured lipid carriers.
Glycerol tripalmitate can act as a lubricant in various industrial applications, reducing friction and providing lubrication in machinery and equipment.
Glycerol tripalmitate is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production, contributing to renewable energy sources.
Glycerol tripalmitate is being explored for its use in energy storage, where the fatty acids can be converted back into usable energy.

Glycerol tripalmitate is used in the calibration of instruments and analytical techniques in scientific research.
Glycerol tripalmitate finds application in the production of specialty papers, including carbonless copy paper.

Glycerol tripalmitate is utilized in the formulation of coatings and paints, enhancing their texture and performance.
Glycerol tripalmitate is a component in the production of industrial adhesives and sealants.
Glycerol tripalmitate is used in the development of specialty chemicals, such as surfactants and lubricants.
Glycerol tripalmitate can be utilized as a carrier or encapsulating agent in the encapsulation of flavors, fragrances, or active ingredients.

Glycerol tripalmitate is employed in the production of lipsticks and other cosmetic products with desirable consistency and texture.
Glycerol tripalmitate is used in the manufacturing of soap, contributing to its texture and moisturizing properties.
Glycerol tripalmitate finds application in research and development, serving as a reference compound and substrate for lipid metabolism studies.



DESCRIPTION


Glycerol tripalmitate, also known as tripalmitin, is a chemical compound classified as a triglyceride.
Glycerol tripalmitate is composed of three fatty acid chains, specifically palmitic acid, esterified to a glycerol molecule.
Each of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol is esterified with one palmitic acid molecule.

The chemical formula of glycerol tripalmitate is C₅₃H₁₀₀O₆, indicating its composition of 53 carbon atoms, 100 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.
Glycerol tripalmitate is an example of a saturated fat due to the presence of palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid.

Glycerol tripalmitate is a solid at room temperature and is insoluble in water.
Glycerol tripalmitate is commonly found in various natural sources, including animal fats and vegetable oils.
Glycerol tripalmitate serves as a form of energy storage in organisms and can be hydrolyzed by enzymes called lipases to release glycerol and three molecules of palmitic acid.

In industrial applications, glycerol tripalmitate is used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer in food products, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Its properties and functionality make it useful in enhancing texture, viscosity, and stability of formulations.

Glycerol tripalmitate is a solid, waxy substance at room temperature.
It is derived from the esterification of glycerol and palmitic acid.
Glycerol tripalmitate has a white or off-white color.
Glycerol tripalmitate is odorless.

Glycerol tripalmitate is insoluble in water.
Glycerol tripalmitate has a high melting point, typically around 63-65 degrees Celsius.

Glycerol tripalmitate is classified as a triglyceride due to its composition of three fatty acid chains.
Glycerol tripalmitate is primarily found in natural sources such as animal fats and vegetable oils.
Glycerol tripalmitate is considered a saturated fat due to the presence of palmitic acid.

Glycerol tripalmitate is a major component of many solid fats and oils.
Glycerol tripalmitate serves as an energy storage molecule in organisms.
Glycerol tripalmitate can be hydrolyzed by enzymes called lipases to release glycerol and three palmitic acid molecules.

Glycerol tripalmitate is used as an emollient in skincare and cosmetic products.
Glycerol tripalmitate helps to improve the texture and moisturizing properties of creams and lotions.
Glycerol tripalmitate is also utilized as a thickening agent in food products.

Glycerol tripalmitate can enhance the mouthfeel and stability of various food formulations.
Glycerol tripalmitate acts as a binder in the production of tablets in the pharmaceutical industry.

Glycerol tripalmitate helps to hold the active ingredients together in solid dosage forms.
Glycerol tripalmitate is non-toxic and considered safe for consumption and topical use.
Glycerol tripalmitate has a long shelf life and is resistant to oxidation.
Glycerol tripalmitate is often used as a lubricant in industrial applications.

Glycerol tripalmitate has low volatility, making it suitable for use in high-temperature processes.
Glycerol tripalmitate is biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
Glycerol tripalmitate has a wide range of applications, including in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.
Glycerol tripalmitate is subject to quality control measures to ensure its purity and safety in various applications.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Physical State: Solid
Appearance: White or off-white color
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 63-65 degrees Celsius
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, chloroform, and ether
Density: Varies depending on temperature and crystalline form


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C₅₃H₁₀₀O₆
Molecular Weight: Approximately 809.43 g/mol
Chemical Family: Triglyceride (ester of glycerol and palmitic acid)
Lipid Class: Neutral lipid
Fatty Acid Composition: Comprised of three palmitic acid molecules (C₁₆H₃₁COOH) esterified to a glycerol molecule
Saponification Value: The amount of alkali required to hydrolyze the compound to yield glycerol and fatty acids


Thermal and Stability Properties:

High Melting Point: Gives it a solid form at room temperature
Stability: Relatively stable under normal conditions, resistant to oxidation
Decomposition: Subject to thermal decomposition at elevated temperatures


Functional Properties:

Thickening Agent: Enhances viscosity and texture in food and cosmetic formulations
Emulsifier: Helps stabilize emulsions by promoting the dispersion of oil and water phases
Stabilizer: Improves the stability and shelf life of food and cosmetic products
Lubricating Properties: Exhibits lubricating characteristics, reducing friction in industrial applications
Moisturizing Agent: Provides hydration and moisturization in skincare and cosmetic products
Binding Agent: Holds together active ingredients in pharmaceutical tablet formulations



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and wipe off excess glycerol tripalmitate from the skin.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical advice.
In case of extensive skin contact or if irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, keeping the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, after the initial rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention and bring the Safety Data Sheet or product container for reference.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water, but do not swallow any liquid.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical attention and bring the Safety Data Sheet or product container for reference.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves and safety goggles, to prevent direct contact with the substance.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to minimize inhalation of vapors or dust particles.

Avoid Ingestion and Inhalation:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling glycerol tripalmitate.
Avoid inhalation of dust or vapors. Use appropriate respiratory protection if needed.

Avoid Skin and Eye Contact:
Prevent direct skin contact by wearing appropriate protective clothing, including gloves and long-sleeved clothing.
In case of accidental contact, promptly wash the affected area with soap and water.
Use safety goggles or a face shield to protect the eyes from potential splashes or contact.

Spill and Leak Response:
In the event of a spill or leak, contain the material and prevent it from spreading.
Absorb or collect spilled substance using suitable absorbent materials.
Dispose of the collected material in accordance with applicable regulations.


Storage:

Storage Temperature:
Store glycerol tripalmitate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Keep the substance away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.

Avoid Incompatible Materials:
Store glycerol tripalmitate away from strong oxidizing agents and incompatible materials.
Ensure proper segregation and storage to prevent chemical reactions or hazards.

Packaging:
Store the substance in tightly sealed, properly labeled containers or drums.
Use appropriate packaging materials to avoid leakage or damage during storage or transportation.

Fire Precautions:
Keep the substance away from open flames, sparks, or hot surfaces.
Implement suitable fire protection measures in the storage area, such as fire-resistant construction and extinguishing systems.

Specific Storage Recommendations:
Follow any specific storage recommendations provided by the manufacturer or stated in the Safety Data Sheet.
Comply with local regulations and guidelines for the safe storage of glycerol tripalmitate.



SYNONYMS


Glycerin tripalmitate
Tripalmitin
Trihexadecanoin
Glyceryl palmitate
Palmitin
Glyceryl trihexadecanoate
Triglyceride of palmitic acid
Glyceryl palmitic acid ester
Palmitic acid glyceride
Glycerol tris(palmitate)
Glyceryl tripalmitate
Trihexadecyl glycerol
Tristearin
Glyceryl tristearate
Stearin
Triglyceride of stearic acid
Glycerin tristearate
Glycerol tristearate
Triglycerol palmitostearate
Tri(palmitoyloxy)propane
Glyceryl palmitostearate
Palmitostearin
Glyceryl trin-hexadecanoate
Triglyceride of hexadecanoic acid
Hexadecanoyl glycerol
Glycerin trin-hexadecanoate
Glyceryl hexadecanoate
Glycerol trin-hexadecanoate
Triglycerol stearopalmitate
Glycerin tristearopalmitate
Glyceryl tristearopalmitate
Tristearo-palmitin
Glycerol trin-octadecanoate
Triglyceride of octadecanoic acid
Octadecanoyl glycerol

Glycerol tristearate is a solid, waxy substance at room temperature.
Glycerol tristearate is odorless and has a faint characteristic taste.
Glycerol tristearate has a white to off-white color.

CAS number: 555-43-1



APPLICATIONS


Glycerol tristearate, or tristearin, has various applications in different industries.
Here are some of its common applications:

Food Industry:
Glycerol tristearate is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food products.
Glycerol tristearate helps improve the texture and consistency of processed foods such as margarine, spreads, chocolate, confectionery, and baked goods.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:
Glycerol tristearate is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products for its emollient and moisturizing properties.
Glycerol tristearate can be found in creams, lotions, lipsticks, and other skincare formulations.

Pharmaceuticals:
Glycerol tristearate acts as a lubricant in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in tablet formulations.
Glycerol tristearate aids in the easy release of tablets from molds and enhances their swallowability.

Industrial Lubricants:
Due to its lubricating properties, glycerol tristearate is used as a component in industrial lubricants and greases.
Glycerol tristearate helps reduce friction and wear between moving parts in machinery and equipment.

Candle Making:
Glycerol tristearate is commonly used in the production of candles.
Glycerol tristearate serves as a key ingredient in candle wax formulations, providing structure, stability, and a slow-burning characteristic.

Rubber and Plastics:
Glycerol tristearate acts as a release agent in the manufacturing of rubber and plastic products.
Glycerol tristearate prevents sticking of the material to molds during the production process.

Textile Industry:
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the textile industry as a softening agent and lubricant for fabrics.
Glycerol tristearate can improve the hand feel and flexibility of textiles, making them more comfortable to wear.

Metal Processing:
Glycerol tristearate is employed in metalworking processes as a lubricant and anti-weld agent.
Glycerol tristearate helps reduce friction during machining and prevents metal particles from sticking to tools and surfaces.


Glycerol tristearate is commonly used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in the food industry.
Glycerol tristearate helps maintain the texture and consistency of margarine and spreads.
Glycerol tristearate is used in chocolate production to improve viscosity and prevent fat bloom.

Glycerol tristearate serves as a vital ingredient in confectionery items like candies and chocolate coatings.
Glycerol tristearate is utilized in bakery products to enhance dough handling and improve crumb texture.

Glycerol tristearate is a key component in the formulation of lipstick, providing structure and texture.
Glycerol tristearate acts as a moisturizing agent in creams and lotions, helping to nourish the skin.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the production of soaps and cleansing bars to create a creamy lather.
Glycerol tristearate is employed in the pharmaceutical industry as a lubricant in tablet manufacturing.

Glycerol tristearate aids in the smooth release of tablets from molds and prevents sticking.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the production of candles, providing a slow-burning and solid wax base.

Glycerol tristearate is used as a release agent in the manufacturing of rubber and plastic products.
Glycerol tristearate helps prevent adhesion and sticking of the material to molds and equipment.
Glycerol tristearate serves as an emollient in cosmetic formulations, providing a soft and smooth texture.

Glycerol tristearate is used in haircare products to improve manageability and add shine to the hair.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the formulation of sunscreen products, contributing to their water resistance.

Glycerol tristearate is used in the production of industrial lubricants, reducing friction and wear in machinery.
Glycerol tristearate serves as a thickening agent in certain paint and coating formulations, improving their consistency.

Glycerol tristearate finds application in the textile industry as a softening agent for fabrics.
Glycerol tristearate is used in metalworking processes as a lubricant and anti-weld agent.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the production of paper and paperboard, enhancing their printability and surface properties.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, providing viscosity and stability.

Glycerol tristearate is employed in the production of plasticizers, improving the flexibility and workability of plastic materials.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the manufacturing of wax-based polishes for furniture and floors.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the leather industry for conditioning and softening leather products.

Glycerol tristearate is utilized in the production of chewing gum to improve its texture and mouthfeel.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the formulation of lip balms and lip care products for its moisturizing properties.

Glycerol tristearate is employed as a binder in the production of pressed powders and cosmetic compacts.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the manufacture of cold creams and ointments, providing emollient and occlusive properties.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the production of adhesives for improved tack and bond strength.

Glycerol tristearate serves as a plasticizer in the rubber industry, enhancing the flexibility and elasticity of rubber products.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the production of gel capsules, enabling easy swallowing of medications and supplements.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the formulation of shaving creams and foams to provide lubrication and a smooth shaving experience.

Glycerol tristearate is employed in the production of printing inks for its viscosity and pigment dispersion properties.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the textile printing industry as an auxiliary agent to improve color fastness and print quality.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the manufacture of wax-based crayons and colored pencils for their smooth application.

Glycerol tristearate serves as a release agent in the production of molded plastic products, ensuring easy demolding and preventing surface defects.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the production of inkjet inks for its compatibility with dye and pigment dispersion.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the formulation of metal coatings to provide corrosion resistance and improve adhesion.
Glycerol tristearate is employed in the production of dietary supplements as a carrier for fat-soluble vitamins and nutrients.

Glycerol tristearate finds application in the formulation of polishes for shoes and leather goods, providing shine and protection.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the production of wax-based modeling compounds for arts and crafts.
Glycerol tristearate serves as a lubricant in wire and cable manufacturing, facilitating smooth wire drawing and reducing friction.
Glycerol tristearate is employed in the production of molded chocolates and pralines for their glossy appearance and snap texture.

Glycerol tristearate finds application in the production of solid oral dosage forms, such as sustained-release tablets and capsules.
Glycerol tristearate is used in the production of animal feeds as an energy source and binder for pellets.

Glycerol tristearate serves as a plasticizer in PVC (polyvinyl chloride) formulations, improving flexibility and processability.
Glycerol tristearate finds application in the production of thermal transfer ribbons for printing on labels and packaging materials.

Glycerol tristearate is used in the formulation of face masks and skincare products for its moisturizing and nourishing properties.
Glycerol tristearate is employed in the production of specialty waxes, such as investment casting waxes and dental waxes.



DESCRIPTION


Glycerol tristearate, also known as tristearin, is a chemical compound belonging to the ester group.
Its chemical formula is C57H110O6, and its systematic name is 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane tristearate.
Glycerol tristearate is formed by esterification of glycerol (a triol) with stearic acid (a long-chain saturated fatty acid).

In simpler terms, glycerol tristearate consists of three stearic acid molecules chemically linked to a glycerol molecule.
The stearic acid molecules provide the fatty nature to the compound, while the glycerol molecule acts as a backbone.
This combination results in a solid, waxy substance at room temperature.

Glycerol tristearate is a solid, waxy substance at room temperature.
Glycerol tristearate is odorless and has a faint characteristic taste.
Glycerol tristearate has a white to off-white color.

Glycerol tristearate is insoluble in water.
Glycerol tristearate is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and chloroform.

Glycerol tristearate has a high melting point, typically around 68-70°C.
Glycerol tristearate is a triglyceride composed of three stearic acid molecules and one glycerol molecule.

Glycerol tristearate is derived from natural sources such as animal fats and vegetable oils.
Glycerol tristearate is commonly found in various food products as a food additive and emulsifier.

Glycerol tristearate is used in the cosmetic industry for its emollient and moisturizing properties.
Glycerol tristearate is also utilized in the pharmaceutical industry as a lubricant in tablet formulations.
Glycerol tristearate has excellent stability and resistance to oxidation.
Glycerol tristearate exhibits good heat resistance and is often used in high-temperature applications.
Glycerol tristearate is a common ingredient in the production of candles and other wax-based products.

Glycerol tristearate is used as a release agent in the manufacturing of rubber and plastics.
Glycerol tristearate acts as a thickening agent in certain formulations, such as creams and lotions.

Glycerol tristearate can enhance the texture and mouthfeel of food products, providing a smooth and creamy sensation.
Glycerol tristearate is employed as a binder in the production of pressed powders and cosmetics.
Glycerol tristearate is biodegradable and environmentally friendly.

Glycerol tristearate is considered safe for use in various applications, including food and personal care products.
Glycerol tristearate has low toxicity and is not known to cause significant health risks.
Glycerol tristearate has good compatibility with other ingredients, making it versatile in formulation.

Glycerol tristearate has a long shelf life and can withstand storage and transportation conditions.
Glycerol tristearate is a valuable ingredient in the production of lubricants and greases.
Glycerol tristearate plays a crucial role in numerous industries, contributing to the functionality and quality of various products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C57H110O6
Molecular Weight: 891.50 g/mol
Appearance: White to off-white solid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 70-75°C (158-167°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 0.86 g/cm3
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform
Refractive Index: 1.438 (at 20°C)
Flash Point: >200°C (>392°F)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Viscosity: High viscosity in molten state
pH: Neutral
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Flammability: Non-flammable
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Hydrogen Bonding: Exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of hydroxyl groups
Emulsifying Properties: Acts as an emulsifier, aiding in the mixing of immiscible substances
Lubricating Properties: Provides lubrication and reduces friction between surfaces
Solidification Behavior: Forms a solid with a crystalline structure upon cooling



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air and ensure they are in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide artificial respiration if necessary.


Skin Contact:

Remove any contaminated clothing and immediately rinse the affected area with plenty of water.
Gently wash the skin with mild soap and water.
If irritation occurs or persists, seek medical advice.
Apply a suitable moisturizer or skin cream to help restore skin moisture.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring to remove any contact lenses if present and easily removable.
Seek immediate medical attention and bring the product label or safety data sheet for reference.
Avoid rubbing the eyes to prevent further irritation or damage.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and drink plenty of water to dilute the product.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the medical personnel with detailed information about the product.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate protective clothing, including gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective suit, to minimize exposure.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if handling the product in powdered or aerosol form.

Ventilation:
Ensure good ventilation in the working area to prevent the buildup of vapors or dust concentrations.
If necessary, use local exhaust ventilation or wear respiratory protection to control exposure levels.

Avoiding Contact:
Avoid direct contact with the skin, eyes, and clothing.
Handle the product with clean, dry tools or equipment to prevent contamination.

Storage and Handling:
Store Glycerol tristearate in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from heat sources, open flames, sparks, and direct sunlight.
Prevent the entry of moisture or water into the storage container to maintain product quality.
Follow all relevant safety guidelines and regulations when handling the substance.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Glycerol tristearate at room temperature, preferably between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F).

Container:
Use suitable containers, such as tightly sealed plastic or metal containers, to store the product.
Ensure the containers are labeled correctly with the product name, batch number, and hazard information.

Separation:
Store Glycerol tristearate away from incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents or acids, to prevent chemical reactions.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid dropping or mishandling containers to prevent spills or breakages.
Use appropriate equipment, such as drum pumps or scoops, to transfer the product and minimize the risk of exposure.

Fire Safety:
Keep Glycerol tristearate away from potential ignition sources and flammable materials.
In the event of a fire involving the substance, use suitable extinguishing media, such as carbon dioxide or dry chemical powder.



SYNONYMS


Tristearin
Glyceryl tristearate
Glycerin tristearate
Glyceryl tristearin
1,2,3-Propanetriol tristearate
Glycerol tristearin
Glycerol tristearyl ester
Triglyceride tristearin
Triglycerol tristearate
Tri(stearoyl) glycerol
Glycerin trioctadecanoate
Triglyceride of stearic acid
Glycerol trioctadecanoate
Triglyceride 50 C18:0
Glycerin trioctadecyl ester
Glyceryl tristearyl ether
Glycerin trioctadecyl ether
Triglyceride stearic acid ester
Glycerol trioctadecyl ester
Triglycerol trioctadecanoate
Glycerol trioctadecyl ether
Tristearate of glycerol
Glycerol ester of stearic acid
Glyceryl trioctadecanoate
Triglyceride of octadecanoic acid
Tri(stearinyl) glycerol
Triglyceride C18:0
Glyceryl tristearylate
Glycerol trioctadecanoic ester
Triglycerol trioctadecyl ester
Glycerol trioctadecylate
Tristearoylglycerol
Stearic acid triglyceride
Glycerin tristearylate
Glyceryl tristearate ester
Triglyceride of stearin
Glycerol trioctadecanoate ester
Tri(stearoyloxy) glycerol
Glycerol trioctadecyl stearate
Triglycerol trioctadecyl stearate
Glyceryl trioctadecanoate ester
Tristearin glyceride
Glycerin trioctadecanoate ester
Tri(stearoyloxy)glycerol
Glycerol trioctadecyl stearate ester
Triglycerol trioctadecyl stearate ester
Glycerol tristearate triglyceride
Tristearin triester
Glycerin trioctadecyl stearate triglyceride
Tri(stearoyloxy) glyceryl ester

DESCRIPTION:
Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is a food additive with the E number E1517.
This diglyceride is more generally known as diacetin.
Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is the diester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.

CAS Number, 25395-31-7
EC Number, 246-941-2


SYNONYMS OF GLYCERYL DIACETATE (DIACETIN):
Diacetin; Glycerol diacetate, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2-diacetate; 2-(Acetyloxy)-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl acetate; 1,2-Diacetin; Acetin, 1,2-di-; Acetic acid, diglyceride; (Hydroxymethyl)ethylene acetate; 1,2-Diacetylglycerol; 2,3-Diacetin; 2,3-Diacetoxypropan-1-ol; NSC 2348, 1,2,3-Propanetriol,diacetate;Acetin,di-;Diacetin;Glycerol diacetate;Glyceryl diacetate;Diacetylglycerol;Glycerine diacetate;Glycerin diacetate;Estol 1583;Estol 1582;Diacetain glycerol;1300-63-6;29860-16-0;1202865-19-7, Glycerol Diacetate; 1,2,3-Propanetriol, Diacetate;
Diacetylglycerol; Glycerin diacetate; Glycerine Diacetate; Glyceryl Diacetate; Glycerol 1,3-diacetate; 2-(Acetyloxy)-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl acetate; 1,3-Di(acetato) de glicerol (Spanish); 1,3-di(acétate) de glycerol (French); GLYCERYL DIACETATE;Glycerin diacetate;GLYCEROL DIACETATE;Glycerol 1,3-diacetate;3-Hydroxypropane-1,2-diyl diacetate;2-(Acetyloxy)-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl acetate;di-aceti;DIACETIN;Carset 555;Carset 533



Glycerine (glycerin, glycerol, or 1,2,3-propanetriol) is the simplest trihedric alcohol.
Pure glycerine, with a specific gravity of 1.26, is a colorless, odorless, sweet, viscous liquid melting at 17.8 C boiling at 290 C.
Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) decomposes at boiling point and produce corrosive fumes of acrolein.

Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is miscible in water and forms a solution in any proportion.
Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is also soluble alcohol but only partially soluble in common organic solvents such as ether and ethyl acetate.
Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) resists freezing.

Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is hygroscopic, which favors as a humectant to retain moisture in cosmetics.
Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) reacts violently with acetic anhydrides in the presence of a catalyst.
Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is obtained as a byproduct when fats and oils are hydrolyzed to yield fatty acids or soaps.

Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is also commercially synthesized from propylene (Dow Chemical).
Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) can also be obtained based on a proprietary fermentation processing.
Glycerol is widely used; as a solvent, food additive, sweetening agent and emollient and emulcent with magnesium sulphate used in the treatment of septic wounds and boils; in the manufacture of alkyd resin, cellophane, ester gums, plasticizer, dynamite, nitroglycerine, cosmetics, liquid soap, perfume and toothpaste (good solubility and taste give glycerine an edge on sorbitol in toothpastes, which are estimated to make up almost one-third of glycerine's market in personal care products); as a component of antifreeze mixtures; to keep fabrics pliable, to preserve printing on cotton, to keep frost from windshields; as a source of nutrients for fermentation cultures in the production of antibiotics; as a preservative in some pharmaceutical and biological preparations and in non-alcoholic extracts and tinctures.

Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) has many other applications.









Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is Clear, colourless, hygroscopic, somewhat oily liquid with a slight, fatty odour, consisting predominantly of a mixture of the 1,2- and 1,3-diacetates of glycerol, with minor amounts of the mono- and tri-esters

Glyceryl diacetate (Diacetin) is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid with a high boiling point.
Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) is typically a mixture of two isomers, 1,2-glyceryl diacetate and 1,3-glyceryl diacetate.

USES OF GLYCEROL DIACETATE (DIACETIN):
Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) is Used in the food industry, it gives dishes a buttery taste.
Diacetin is also used as a solvent, plasticizer, and softening agent.

Diacetin has been used to design and evaluate gliclazide push-pull osmotic pump (PPOP) coated with aqueous colloidal polymer dispersions
Diacetin is used as a solvent, plasticizer, and softening agent.

Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin), triacetate ester of glycerol, is a clear, combustible and oily liquid with a bitter taste and a fatty odor.
Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) is slightly soluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether.

Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) has properties of both glycerol and acetate.
Diacetin (CAS RN: 25395-31-7) and nonoacetin (CAS RN: 26446-35-5) are glycerin diacetate and glycerin monoacetate respectively.

Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) is found in some food like butter as it is used as a food additive for the solvency of flavourings for the function of humectant.
Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) is used in perfumery and cosmetics for these applications.

Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) is used as an antifungal agent in external medicine for topical treatment of superficial fungal infections of the skin.
Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) is applied to cigarette filter as a plasticizer.
Glycerol diacetate (Diacetin) is used as a gelatinizing agent in explosives.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLYCEROL DIACETATE (DIACETIN):
Chemical formula, C7H12O5
Molar mass, 176.168 g•mol−1
Melting point, −30 °C (−22 °F; 243 K)
Boiling point, 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
CAS Number, 25395-31-7 (mixture)
102-62-5 (1,2)
105-70-4 (1,3)
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
ChemSpider, 59412 (1,2)60286 (1,3)
ECHA InfoCard, 100.042.659
EC Number, 246-941-2
E number, E1517
grade
technical grade
Quality Level
100
vapor density
6.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure
form
liquid
concentration
50%
refractive index
n20/D 1.440 (lit.)
solubility
alcohol: soluble(lit.)
benzene: soluble(lit.)
carbon disulfide: insoluble (practically)(lit.)
diethyl ether: soluble(lit.)
water: soluble(lit.)

density
1.17 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Molecular Weight：
176.17
Exact Mass：
176.068466
HScode：
2918199090
PSA：
72.83000
XLogP3：
-0.52650
Appearance：
absorption near colorless, transparent oily liquid
Density：
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Melting Point：
-30 °C
Boiling Point：
259 °C
Flash Point：
90.7±11.7 °C
Refractive Index：
1.444
Water Solubility：
Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, benzene
Storage Conditions：
Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Vapor Pressure：
Vapor Density：
6.1 (vs air)
PHYSICAL STATE, clear oily liquid
MELTING POINT, -30 C
BOILING POINT, 259 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY, 1.18 - 1.195
SOLUBILITY IN WATER, slightly soluble (soluble alcohol; slightly soluble in ether, carbon disulfide; insoluble in benzene)
NFPA RATINGS, Health: 1 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 0
STABILITY, Stable under ordinary conditions
Density, 1.19
Boiling Point, 250°C to 280°C (decomposition)
Flash Point, 141°C (285°F)
Refractive Index, 1.444
Quantity, 250 g
Beilstein, 1706903
Sensitivity, Hygroscopic
Merck Index, 14,2961
Solubility Information, Fully miscible in water.
Formula Weight, 176.17
Percent Purity, ≈50%
Grade, Technical
Assay, remainder triacetin and monoacetin
Chemical Name or Material, Diacetin, mixed isomers
Physical State :
Liquid
Storage :
Desiccate at room temperature
Density :
1.17 g/mL at 25° C (lit.)
Refractive Index :
n20D 1.440 (lit.)
-30 °C
Boiling point:
280 °C
Density
1.17 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density
6.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure
refractive index
n20/D
Melting point, -30 °C
Boiling point, 280 °C
Density, 1.17 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density, 6.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure, refractive index, n20/D 1.440(lit.)
Flash point, >230 °F
storage temp., Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility, alcohol: soluble(lit.)
form, Liquid
color, Clear colorless
PH, 5-6 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor, at 100.00 %. very mild alcoholic
Odor Type, alcoholic
Water Solubility, Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, benzene
Sensitive, Hygroscopic
Merck, 14,2961
BRN, 1706903
LogP, -0.640
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances, GLYCEROL DIACTATE
FDA 21 CFR, 177.1200
CAS DataBase Reference, 25395-31-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores, 1
FDA UNII, GJ0544W99Q
NIST Chemistry Reference, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, diacetate(25395-31-7)
EPA Substance Registry System, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, diacetate (25395-31-7)



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLYCERYL DIACETATE (DIACETIN):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product