Crop protection, Food, Feed and Flavor Chemicals

DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA)
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colorless liquid.


CAS Number: 123-42-2
EC Number: 204-626-7
Chemical formula: C6H12O2



4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, Diacetone alcohol, (CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3, 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone, 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 2-Methyl-3-pentanol-4-one, 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-ON, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-on, Diaceton alcohol, Alcohol de diacetona, Diacétone alcool, Álcool de diacetona, Diaceton-alkohol, Diacetone alcohol, DAA, Diacetone alcohol, 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-hyroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 4-Hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, Acetonyldimethylcarbinol, Diacetone, Diacetonyl Alcohol, Dimethyl Acetonyl Carbinol, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pentanone, 2-methyl-2-pentanol-4-one, 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, 4-hydroxy-2-keto-4-methylpentane, 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-hydroxyl-2-keto-4-ethylpentane, acetonyldimethylcarbinol, DAA, diacetone alcohol, diacetone alcohol, acetone free, diacetonyl alcohol, dicetone alcohol, diketone alcohol, G50CB116, pyranton, pyranton A, reducer, tyranton, 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, DAA, 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE, Diacetone, 4-HYDROXY-4-METHYLPENTAN-2-ONE, Tyranton, Diketone alcohol, Acetonyldimethylcarbinol, Pyranton a, Diacetone alcohol,



Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is available in two grades: a commercial grade containing 15% acetone and an acetone-free grade.
Both solvent grades of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) may acquire a yellow color on aging; both are good solvents for nitrocellulose, cellulose esters, and several other types of resins.


The much slower evaporating Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is similar to acetone in its solvency.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colourless liquid.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has been isolated from Achnatherum robustum.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Flash point of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is below 141°F.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is less dense than water.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA)'s vapors are heavier than air.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is soluble in water.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is made from aldol condensation reaction of acetone.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent used in painting, can coating, optical discs and IT related products manufacturing.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other chemical compounds.
In addition, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can serve as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes.


In order to develop and maintain our Diacetone alcohol (DAA) market in Europe, TASCO had REACH pre-registration certificate of DAA product.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is made from acetone through aldol condensation reaction.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functions.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a high purity.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound sometimes called DAA.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a high purity.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is colourless and odourless and has a low evaporation rate.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a multifunctional grade, having both a ketone and hydroxyl group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) acts as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has significantly higher solvent strength than a solvent with similar evaporation time and only one functional group.


Because of the additional hydroxyl group, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is completely miscible with water.
The ketone group makes Diacetone alcohol (DAA) an excellent solvent for polar resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is bifunctional ketone in its molecule structure which confers specific properties on it, producing a solvent with a low evaporation rate and good solubility in the main resins on the market for paints, varnishes and printing inks.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
This colorless liquid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a synthetic compound.
The fluid is often a chemical intermediate to create other compounds.
The formula is CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, and it is very pure.


Moreover, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent, finds its roots in Acetone and is also often used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta-hydroxy ketones.


These are ketones containing a hydroxyl group attached to the beta-carbon atom, relative to the C=O group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta-hydroxy ketones.
These are ketones containing a hydroxyl group attached to the beta-carbon atom, relative to the C=O group.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a synthetic compound.


The fluid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is often a chemical intermediate to create other compounds.
The formula is CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, and Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is very pure.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint, minty odor.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a versatile solvent that has a slow evaporation rate, low viscosity, and is soluble with most organic substances.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) offers low toxicity, low volatility, and good stability.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colorless liquid ketone-alcohol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a diacetone alcohol.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) offers high solvent power and slow evaporation rate.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a solvent evaporating ketone which can reduce VOC emissions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has low volatility.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is completely miscible in water.


Diacetone Alcohol (DAA) is a unique solvent for water-based coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used for the solvent of a variety of liquid cationic dyes and coatings industry resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has many other uses including in the making of artificial silk, leather and imitation gold lead, in gravure printing inks, wood stains, wood preservatives and also in degreasers and metal cleaning compounds.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also important as a chemical intermediate as it can be condensed to produce mesityl oxide (MO) and water.
This carbon-carbon double bond of MO is then selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) which is, itself, a valuable industrial solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has slow evaporation rates.


The production volume of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) in Japan is 3,236 tonnes/year in past years.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is produced under the well-controlled closed system, amount of release to air phase is negligibly small.
The waste of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) from the production system is released to water phase after treated its own wastewater treatment plant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can prepare metal cleaners, wood preservatives, preservatives for photographic films and medicines, antifreeze, hydraulic oil solvents, extractants and fiber finishing agents, etc.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is widely used as a solvent for electrostatic spray paint, celluloid, nitrocellulose, fat, grease, wax and resin, etc.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used in paints and coatings (coil coatings, wood varnishes, architectural coatings…).
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for organic peroxides and can also be used for the treatment of textiles and leather, in chemical synthesis, or as a cleaning solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent and paint remover for cellulose ester paint, printing ink, synthetic resin coating, etc.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used in lacquer thinners, wood staines, dopes, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial leather and silk and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an excellent organic solvent and is mainly used in coatings, can coatings, optical discs and related IT products.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.
This colorless liquid, Diacetone alcohol (DAA), is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is mainly used in paints and coatings (coil coatings, wood varnishes, architectural coatings…).


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for organic peroxides and can also be used for the treatment of textiles and leather, in chemical synthesis, or as a cleaning solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in water based low VOC adhesives.


The principal end uses of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) are in industrial coatings, household cleaners, inks, paints, paint removers, paint thinners, pharmaceutical preparations, sealants, primer and pesticides.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Hexylene Glycol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol and ketone functionalities.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is the solvent of choice for many inks and coatings, including coil coatings, wood varnishes, and architectural coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used in the treatment of textiles and leather and is an excellent cleaning solvent.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a good solvent for many organic peroxides.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is found in the highest concentration in cow milk but it has also been detected, not quantified, in several different foods, such as fruits, mung beans, papaya, and soybeans.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes, in coating compositions for paper and textiles, permanent markers, in making artificial silk and leather, in imitation gold leaf, in celluloid cements, as a preservative for animal tissue, in metal cleaning compounds, in the manufacture of photographic film, and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a colorless liquid, used as a solvent and a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds.
Moreover, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is an oxygenated solvent, finds its roots in Acetone and is also often used as a solvent.
The principal end uses of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) are in industrial coatings, household cleaners, inks, paints, paint removers, paint thinners, pharmaceutical preparations, sealants, primer and pesticides.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is commercially used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and a hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Hexylene Glycol.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used paints, Coatings, Solvent, Chemical Synthesis, Cleaners.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a common synthetic intermediate used for the preparation of other compounds and is also used as a solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in lacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions for paper and textiles; permanent markers; in making artificial silk and leather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloid cements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulic brake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume of castor oil.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is a clear, colourless liquid with a mild odour, that is soluble in water and miscible in oil.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has the formula C6H12O2.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) occurs naturally in the plant Sleepy Grass (achnatherum robustum) and is prepared synthetically for use in the chemical and industrial industries.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent in industrial applications like for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, various oils In resins, waxes, fats, dyes, lacquers, coating compositions.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in wood preservatives and water treatment.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in consumer products such as adhesives, inks, paints, household cleaners and agrochemicals.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in metal cleaning compounds, hydraulic compression fluids, in textiles.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of other compounds.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent for both hydrogen bonding and polar substances.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is miscible in water and used as a solvent for water-based coatings.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can be prepared from acetone by the action of alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide.


Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a valuable industrial solvent produced commercially in a three-stage process from an acetone feedstock.
First, acetone is dimerized to produce Diacetone alcohol (DAA)). Second, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) undergoes a condensation reaction to produce mesityl oxide (MO) and water.


Third, the carbon-carbon double bond of MO is selectively hydrogenated to produce MIBK.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is more suitable for use in applications as a component of gravure printing inks, with proving favorable flow and leveling characteristics.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA), having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule is used as a chemical intermediate.
Over 90% of the Diacetone alcohol (DAA) produced is used as a coatings solvent.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used asa solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate,resins, fats, oils, and waxes; and in hydraulicfluids and antifreeze solutions.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in cellulose ester lacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used Solvent for pigments, cellulose, resins, oils, fats, and hydrocarbons; hydraulic brake fluid; antifreeze.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, celluloid, fats, oils, waxes, resins.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as a preservative in pharmaceutical preparations.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in some antifreeze solutions and in hydraulic fluids.


Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used in brushing-type cellulose ester lacquers to produce hard and brilliant gloss films.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is also used as lacquer thinner and in coating compositions for paper and textiles.
Mesityl oxide, the unsaturated medium boiling point ketone that is prepared by the dehydration of Diacetone alcohol (DAA), will darken and form a solid residue on aging.



FEATURES OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Colorless and odorless liquid
*Soluble in organic solvents
*Free from foreign matters



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Tertiary alcohols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
*Beta-hydroxy ketone
*Tertiary alcohol
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PRODUCTION METHODS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is manufactured through the action of barium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide on acetone.
Commercial materials may contain up to 15% acetone.



HOW IS DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA) PRODUCED?
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can be prepared from acetone by the action of the alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide.



STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is stored in mild steel and /or stainless steel tanks and/or drums and can be transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) should be stored in an area that is well ventilated and that is away from sunlight, ignition sources, and other forms of heat.
For transportation purposes, Diacetone alcohol (DAA) comes into packing group III, hazard class 3.3 and is an irritant.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) has a specific gravity of 0.938 and a flashpoint of 59 °C (closed cup).



WHAT IS DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA) USED FOR?
The main use for Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is as a solvent for water-based coatings with approximately 90% of all the DAA produced used in this way.
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) can also be added to cellulose ester lacquers where it produces a brilliant gloss and hard film, with little odour.



OCCURRENCE AND USE OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
Diacetone alcohol (DAA) is used as an industrial solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, celluloid, pigments, waxes, fats, and oils, and in antifreeze and brake fluid.
The odor threshold has been reported to be near 0.3 ppm.



SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
First identified by Heintz, one standard laboratory preparation of Diacetone alcohol (DAA) entails the Ba(OH)2-catalyzed condensation of two molecules of acetone.
It undergoes dehydration to give the α,β-unsaturated ketone called mesityl oxide.
Hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol gives hexylene glycol.
Condensation with urea give "diacetone-monourea", i.e. the heterocycle 3,4-dihydro- 4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidone.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
CAS Number: 123-42-2
Beilstein Reference: 1740440
EC Number: 204-626-7
Chemical formula: C6H12O2
Molar mass: 116.160 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 0.938 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C (−53 °F; 226 K)
Boiling point: 166 °C (331 °F; 439 K)
Solubility in water: moderate
Solubility: most organic solvents
Refractive index (nD): 1.4235

Molecular Weight: 116.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H12O2
Appearance Colorless: Liquid
Freezing Point: -47°C (-52.6°F)
Boiling Point: @ 760mm Hg 168°C (334°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup: 61-65.6°C (142-150°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 640°C
Density: @ 20°C 0.938 kg/L
7.83 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 20°C 0.12 kPa
Solubility in Water: @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension: @ 20°C 30 dyne/cm
Refractive Index: @ 20°C 1.421

Viscosity: @ 20°C 2.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.8 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 6.9 v/v%
Conductivity: @ 20°C 20 μS/m
Dielectric Constant: @ 20°C 18.2
Specific Heat: @ 20°C 1.9 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization: @ normal boiling point: 377 J/g
Heat of Combustion: @ 25°C 28.5 kJ/g
Odor Threshold: 0.27 ppm
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.15
Water Solubility: 145 g/L
logP: 0.04
logP: 0.22
logS: 0.1
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.21
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.7

Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Refractivity: 31.65 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 12.76 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C6H12O2

IUPAC name: 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H12O2/c1-5(7)4-6(2,3)8/h8H,4H2,1-3H3
InChI Key: SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O
Average Molecular Weight: 116.1583
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 116.083729628
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -44 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 166 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,9 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,8 %(V)

Flash point: 58 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0,931 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,01 - (Air = 1.0)
Formula: (CH3)2C(OH)CH2COCH3
CAS number: 123-42-2
Form: Colorless, flammable liquid with pleasant odor
Molecular weight: 116.16
Boiling point: 168°C
Melting point: -43°C
Specific gravity: 0.94
Vapor pressure: 1.2 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Miscible in water
Melting point: -42.8 °C
Boiling point: 166 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.938 g/mL at 20 °C

vapor density: 4 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.423(lit.)
Flash point: 132 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether,
and many other solvents,
particular ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone.
pka: 14.57±0.29(Predicted)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
Odor: Mild, pleasant.
Evaporation Rate: 0.14
Relative density, gas (air=1): 4.01
explosive limit: 1.8-6.9%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE

λmax: 249nm(lit.)
Merck: 14,2964
BRN: 1740440
Specific Activity: 25-50 mCi/mmol
Solvent: Ethanol
Concentration: 0.1 mCi/ml
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 240 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 2100 ppm (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant: 18.2(Ambient)
Stability: Stable.
LogP: -0.09 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: DIACETONE ALCOHOL
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 123-42-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: Q7WP157PTD
NIST Chemistry Reference: 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one(123-42-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (123-42-2)



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIACETONE ALCOHOL (DAA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


DIALLYL PHTHALATE
DESCRIPTION:

Diallyl phthalate is a clear pale-yellow liquid.
Diallyl phthalate is Odorless.
Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.

CAS: 131-17-9
European Community (EC) Number: 205-016-3
IUPAC Name: bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Molecular Formula: C14H14O4
Molecular Weight: 246.26



Diallyl phthalate is of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.
Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

Diallyl Phthalate resin is a filled thermoset resin recommended for mounting moderately hard materials and provides good edge retention.
Diallyl Phthalate is available as either glass or mineral filled.

Diallyl phthalate (DAP) and diallyl iso-phthalate (DAIP) are thermosetting ester resins produced by the reaction of allyl alcohol with ortho-phthalic anhydride and meta-phthalic anhydride, respectively.
The cured resins have excellent electrical insulating properties including high insulation resistance and low electrical losses, even when subjected to to high heat and humidity over long periods of time.
Diallyl Phthalate also have excellent dimensional stability and do not warp in high-heat applications.
Furthermore, Diallyl Phthalate has low moisture absorption, excellent weathering properties, and good chemical resistance to many chemicals and solvents including aliphatic hydrocarbons, oils, alcohols, acids, and alkalis.

The monomers are often used as cross-linking agents in unsaturated (alkyd) polyester resins.
As polymers, DAP and DAIP prepolymers are mainly used as molding resins for electrical and electronic parts such as switches, connectors, control panels, circuit breakers, terminal boards, resistors, and insulators.
Other (potential) applications include laminates, prepregs, headlight lamp reflectors, bathtubs, sinks, appliance handles and control knobs.




USES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Diallyl Phthalate is used both for the monomeric and polymeric forms.
Diallyl Phthalate is used as a cross-linking agent in unsaturated polyester resins.
As a polymer, Diallyl Phthalate is used in the production of thermosetting molding powders, casting resins and laminates.

This is the material of choice for critical, high-performance military and commercial electrical components where long-term reliability is demanded due to its ability to retain its superior insulating properties, even when subjected to extreme environmental conditions of high heat and high humidity over long time periods.
Additionally, Diallyl Phthalate compounds will resist dimensional change in high-heat soldering environments where competitive materials may warp.





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product





CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Molecular Weight 246.26 g/mol
XLogP3 3.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 8
Exact Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count 18
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 290
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Chemical NameDiallyl Phthalate
CAS Number131-17-9
Molecular FormulaC₁₄H₁₄O₄
AppearanceClear Colourless Oil
Molecular Weight246.26
Storage: 4°C, Light sensitive, Light sensitive
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Category: Building Blocks; Miscellaneous; Phthalates;
Applications: Diallyl Phthalate is used as a reagent in ring-closing ruthenium based reactions.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.12000 to 1.12200 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.330 to 9.347
Refractive Index: 1.51600 to 1.52000 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 329.07 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 1.160000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.230
Soluble in:
water, 182 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
water, 43.27 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)


SYNONYMS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
DIALLYL PHTHALATE
131-17-9
Allyl phthalate
Diallylphthalate
Dapon 35
Dapon R
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
Phthalic Acid Diallyl Ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
NCI-C50657
NSC 7667
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
CCRIS 1361
25053-15-0
HSDB 4169
Diallylester phthalic acid
EINECS 205-016-3
143318-73-4
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
UNII-F79L0UL6ST
BRN 1880877
F79L0UL6ST
AI3-02574
DTXSID7020392
DIPROP-2-ENYL BENZENE-1,2-DICARBOXYLATE
NSC-7667
EC 205-016-3
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID70392
CAS-131-17-9
DAP monomer
di-allyl phthalate
Phtalate de diallyle
MFCD00008646
Phthalic acid diallyl
Diallyl phthalate, 97%
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
SCHEMBL15174
o-phthalic acid diallyl ester
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
MLS002415725
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1329372
DIALLYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
NSC7667
HMS2267F17
LS-30
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
Tox21_201961
Tox21_300135
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
Diallyl phthalate, analytical standard
AKOS015891274
NCGC00091365-01
NCGC00091365-02
NCGC00091365-03
NCGC00091365-04
NCGC00254197-01
NCGC00259510-01
BS-14891
SMR001253767
FT-0624597
P0290
F87052
J-005948
Q2161731
1,2-bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
1,2-di-2-Propen-1-yl Ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid
di-2-Propenyl Ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid
Allyl Phthalate
DAP Monomer
DAP-M
DT 170
Daiso DAP Monomer
Dap Tohto DT 170
Dapon R
Dappu
Diallyl Phthalate
NSC 7667


DIALLYL PHTHALATE
DESCRIPTION:
Diallyl phthalate is a clear pale-yellow liquid and Odorless.
Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.
Phthalate esters are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.

CAS:131-17-9
European Community (EC) Number:205-016-3
Molecular Formula: C14H14O4
IUPAC Name: bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate

Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

The term Diallyl phthalate is used both for the monomeric and polymeric forms.
The monomer is used as a cross-linking agent in unsaturated polyester resins.
As a polymer, Diallyl phthalate is used in the production of thermosetting molding powders, casting resins and laminates.

This is the material of choice for critical, high-performance military and commercial electrical components where long-term reliability is demanded due to its ability to retain its superior insulating properties, even when subjected to extreme environmental conditions of high heat and high humidity over long time periods.
Additionally, Diallyl phthalate compounds will resist dimensional change in high-heat soldering environments where competitive materials may warp.
Diallyl phthalate has high hardness and superior chemical resistance.
Diallyl phthalate is excellent for applications where edge retention is a concern.
Copper diallyl phthalate is electrically conductive for SEM and spectrometer applications.

Diallyl phthalate is a phthalate ester.
Phthalate esters are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride.

Diallyl phthalate is found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles.
Diallyl phthalate is hazardous due to their ability to act as endocrine disruptors.
Diallyl phthalate is being phased out of many products in the United States and European Union due to these health concerns.

APPLICATIONS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Diallyl phthalate is used as Cross-linking agent
Diallyl phthalate is used as thermosetting molding powders
Diallyl phthalate is used as casting resins, and laminates

Diallyl phthalate is used in military
Diallyl phthalate is used in electronic components.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
Molecular Weight 246.26 g/mol
XLogP3 3.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 8
Exact Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 246.08920892 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count 18
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 290
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
vapor density: 8.3 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure:2.3 mmHg ( 150 °C)
Assay:97%
Form: liquid
autoignition temp.:725 °F
refractive index: n20/D 1.519 (lit.)
bp: 165-167 °C/5 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.121 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Physical state Colorless, transparent liquid
Melting point –70 ºC
Boiling point 157 ºC at 6.7 hPa*
Relative density 1.12
Vapour pressure 2.13 × 10–4 hPa at 25 ºC
Water solubility 148 mg/L at 20 ºC (pH 6.9–7.3)
Partition coefficient noctanol/water (log value)
3.23 at 20 ºC
Henry’s law constant 3.86 × 10-7 atm-m³/mole Estimated by EPI WIN 3.11**
Flash point 166 ºC (closed cup)
Melting Point -70°C
Density 1.12
Boiling Point 160°C to 163°C (4mmHg)
Flash Point 166°C (330°F)
Odor Pungent, Makes Eyes Water
Refractive Index 1.519
Quantity 500 g
UN Number UN3082
Beilstein 1880877
Formula Weight 246.27
Density (g/cm3).:1.6
Surface Hardness:RM90
Tensile Strength (MPa): 45
Flexural Modulus (GPa): 6.8
Notched Izod (kJ/m): 0.38
Linear Expansion (/°C x 10-5): 3.4
Elongation at Break (%): 1.1
Max. Operating Temp. (°C): 160
Water Absorption (%): 0.3
Oxygen Index (%): 25
Flammability UL94:HB
Volume Resistivity (log ohm.cm): 15
Dielectric Strength (MV/m): 16
Dissipation Factor1kHz: 0.035
Dielectric Constant 1kHz: 5
HDT @ 0.45 MPa (°C): 260+
HDT @ 1.80 MPa (°C): 170
Material Drying hrs @ °C: 4 @ 40
Melting Temp. Range (°C): 60 - 90
Mould Shrinkage (%): 0.6
Mould Temp. Range (°C): 150 - 180

SYNONYMS OF DIALLYL PHTHALATE:
DIALLYL PHTHALATE
131-17-9
Allyl phthalate
Diallylphthalate
Dapon 35
Dapon R
Phthalic Acid Diallyl Ester
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
NCI-C50657
NSC 7667
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
25053-15-0
F79L0UL6ST
143318-73-4
DTXSID7020392
DIPROP-2-ENYL BENZENE-1,2-DICARBOXYLATE
NSC-7667
DTXCID70392
CAS-131-17-9
CCRIS 1361
HSDB 4169
Diallylester phthalic acid
EINECS 205-016-3
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
UNII-F79L0UL6ST
BRN 1880877
AI3-02574
DAP monomer
di-allyl phthalate
MFCD00008646
Phthalic acid diallyl
Diallyl phthalate, 97%
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
EC 205-016-3
SCHEMBL15174
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
MLS002415725
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1329372
DIALLYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
NSC7667
HMS2267F17
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
Tox21_201961
Tox21_300135
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
Diallyl phthalate, analytical standard
AKOS015891274
NCGC00091365-01
NCGC00091365-02
NCGC00091365-03
NCGC00091365-04
NCGC00254197-01
NCGC00259510-01
BS-14891
SMR001253767
FT-0624597
P0290
J-005948
Q2161731
1,2-bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propen-1-yl ester [ACD/Index Name]
1,2-Bis(prop-2-en-1-yl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
131-17-9 [RN]
205-016-3 [EINECS]
25053-15-0 [RN]
CZ4200000
Diallyl phthalate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Diallyl phthalate resin
Diallyl-phthalat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
diprop-2-en-1-yl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
MFCD00008646 [MDL number]
Phtalate de diallyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester (8CI)
[131-17-9] [RN]
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-di-2-propen-1-yl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-2-propenyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicaciddi-2-propenylester
124743-27-7 [RN]
143318-73-4 [RN]
3,5-diiodo-2-methyl benzoic acid
3,5-Diiodo-2-methylbenzoic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-09-00-03188 [Beilstein]
4-09-00-03188 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
ALLYL PHTHALATE
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diallyl ester
bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
C049098
Dap
DAP monomer
Dapon R
dapon r.
Di-2-propenyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
diallyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diallyl ester of phthalic acid
Diallyl ester o-phthalic acid
Diallyl Phthalate Monomer, DAP
Diallyl phthalic acid
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove
Diallylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
diallylester phthalic acid
DIALLYLPHTHALATE
diprop-2-enyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
EINECS 205-016-3
NCGC00091365-02
Nonflammable decobest da
Nonflammable decobest DA (Salt/Mix)
o-phthalic acid diallyl ester
o-Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
phthalic acid diallyl ester
Phthalic acid, bis-allyl ester
Phthalic acid, diallyl ester
POLY(DIALLYL PHTHALATE)
prop-2-enyl 2-(prop-2-enyloxycarbonyl)benzoate
RX 1-501N (Salt/Mix)
RX 3-1-530 (Salt/Mix)
ST5405391
WLN: 1U2OVR BVO2U1



DIAMMONIUM PERSULFATE ( AMMONIUM PERSULFATE)
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a strong oxidizing agent that is used as a catalyst in polymer chemistry, as an etchant, and as a cleaning and bleaching agent.

CAS: 7727-54-0
MF: H8N2O8S2
MW: 228.2
EINECS: 231-786-5

Synonyms
AP;APS;AMMONIUM PEROXODISULFATE;AMMONIUM PEROXODISULPHATE;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE, POUCHES;Ammonium persulfat;7727-54-0;Ammonium peroxydisulfate;Diammonium peroxydisulfate;Diammonium peroxydisulphate;Diammonium persulfate;Diammonium peroxodisulphate;Ammonium persulphate;Persulfate d'ammonium;Ammonium peroxodisulfate;CCRIS 1430;Ammonium peroxydisulphate;EINECS 231-786-;PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID, DIAMMONIUM SALT;UNII-22QF6L357F;HSDB 7985;22QF6L357F;Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), diammonium salt;DTXSID9029691;EC 231-786-5;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE (MART.);AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [MART.];Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), ammonium salt (1:2);Persulfate d'ammonium [French];diammonium ((sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl)oxidanide;diammonium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide;UN1444;ammonium persuiphate;ammonium per sulphate;PANREAC PA;ammonium peroxidisulfate;ammonium persulphate-d8;diazanium;sulfonatooxy sulfate;Bis(Ammonium) Peroxodisulfate;DTXCID209691;AMMONIUM PEROXIDODISULFATE;ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [INCI];AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF];Tox21_201161;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE [MI];AKOS025243328;NCGC00258713-01;CAS-7727-54-0;Ammonium persulfate [UN1444] [Oxidizer];AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE ((NH4)2S2O8);Ammonium peroxydisulfate, Electrophoresis Grade;D95341

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is white, odorless single crystal, the formula is (NH4) 2S2O8, it has strong oxidation and corrosion, when heated, it decomposes easily, moisture absorption is not easy, it is soluble in water, the solubility increases in warm water, it can hydrolyze into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution.
The dry product has good stability, storage is easy, and Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) has the advantage of convenience and safety and so on.
When heated to 120 °C, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can decompose, it is easily damped and it can cake in moist air.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is mainly used as an oxidizing agent and the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfate.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as free initiator of polymerization reaction, particularly vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization of polymerizable compound and redox polymerization.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used to prepare aniline dyes and dye oxidation and electroplating industry, photographic industry and chemical analysis.
For food-grade, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as metal etchant, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching at low temperature and desizing, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick bound to accelerate, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is non-flammable, but it can release of oxygen, so it has the role of combustion-supporting, storage environment must be dry and clean, and well-ventilated.
People should pay attention to moisture and rain, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should not be transported in rain.
Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should keep sealed packaging, clear and intact labels.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, a small amount of metal, and other reducing substances, it should avoid be mixed to prevent the decomposition of ammonium persulfate and cause explosion.
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents and hair bleaches.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used as a hair bleaching agent.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) may induce irritant dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
A white crystalline solid.
A strong oxidizing agent.
Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials.
Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 120 °C
Density: 1.98
Vapor density: 7.9 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.50
Storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
Solubility H2O: soluble
Form: powder
Color: White to yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.982
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 1 - 2
PH: 1.0-2.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Water Solubility: 582 g/L (20 ºC) decomposes
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
Merck: 14,541
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Oxidizing. May ignite combustible material. Incompatible with bases, combustible material, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy compounds, silver compounds, zinc. May decompose upon exposure to water or moist air.
InChIKey: ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 7727-54-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) (7727-54-0)

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is soluble in water, the solubility is 58.2g/100ml water at 0℃.

Uses
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as analytical reagents, photographic fixing agent and reducing agent.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator of high-molecular polymer.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as raw material of producting persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in chemical industry, inhibitor of polymerization organic polymer, initiator of during the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can also be used as corrodent in plate metals cutting eclipse and oil extraction in oil industry.
For food-grade, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used for flour modifier (Limited ≤0.3g/kg, the Japanese standard, 1999); Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungicide (limit 0.1%, FAO/WHO, 1984).

As oxidizer and bleacher; to remove hypo; reducer and retarder in photography; in dyeing, manufacture of aniline dyes; oxidizer for copper; etching zinc; decolorizing and deodorizing oils; electroplating; washing infected yeast; removing pyrogallol stains; making soluble starch; depolarizer in electric batteries; In animal chemistry chiefly for detection and determination of manganese.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a bleaching agent for food starch that is used up to 0.075% and with sulfur dioxide up to 0.05%.
As a source of radicals, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is mainly used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of certain alkenes.
Commercially important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene.
In solution, the dianion dissociates into radicals:

[O3SO–OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−

Regarding its mechanism of action, the sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel, hence being important for SDS-PAGE and western blot.
Illustrative of its powerful oxidizing properties, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution.
This property was discovered many years ago.
In 1908, John William Turrentine used a Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) solution to etch copper.
Turrentine weighed copper spirals before placing the copper spirals into the Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) solution for an hour.
After an hour, the spirals were weighed again and the amount of copper dissolved by Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) was recorded.
This experiment was extended to other metals such as nickel, cadmium, and iron, all of which yielded similar results.
The oxidation equation is thus: S2O2−8 (aq) + 2 e− → 2 SO2−4 (aq).

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a standard ingredient in hair bleach.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) are used as oxidants in organic chemistry.
For example, in the Minisci reaction and Elbs persulfate oxidation

Production methods
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be derived by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized.
Electrolytic process Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate goes through filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying to get ammonium persulfate product when the content reaches a certain concentration in the anode.

Anode reaction: 2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8
Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑
(NH4) 2S2O4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4

Contact allergens
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and hair bleaches.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used as a hair bleaching agent.
It may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly) nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
People reacting to Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) also react to other persulfates such as potassium persulfate.
Inhalation produces slight toxic effects.
Contact with dust irritates eyes and causes skin rash.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can decompose of oxygen when high heat; it can generate toxic nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and ammonia fumes when heated.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is strong oxidant, it can explode when mixed with reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus etc; it can explode when be heated, impacted, and meet fire.

Preparation and structure
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.
The method was first described by Hugh Marshall.
The ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography.
In the ammonium salt, the O-O distance is 1.497 Å.
The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 Å and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7783-28-0, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-987-8, Ses fonctions (INCI). Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage. Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection). Principaux synonymes Noms français : AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM MONOHYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE MONOACID Ammonium phosphate, secondary AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (DIBASIQUE) AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (MONOACIDE) DIAMMONIUM ACID PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium phosphate DIBASIC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Hydrogénoorthophosphate de diammonium Phosphate d'ammonium dibasique PHOSPHATE D'AMMONIUM MONOACIDE PHOSPHATE DE DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIACAL Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt SECONDARY AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Noms anglais : Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate Utilisation: Agent ignifuge, additif alimentaire et fertilisant.Diammonium phosphate [Wiki] ammonium phosphate [NF] 10LGE70FSU 231-987-8 [EINECS] 7783-28-0 [RN] Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (2:1:1) Ammonium hydrogenphosphate Ammonium phosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenphosphate di-Ammonium hydrogenphosphate (sec) Diammoniumhydrogenphosphat [German] dibasicammonium phosphate Hydrogénophosphate de diammonium [French] (NH4)2HPO4 [7783-28-0] Akoustan A Ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate ammonium monohydrogen phosphate Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate (NF) Ammonium phosphate [USAN] [USAN] ammonium phosphate, di- Ammonium phosphate, secondary Ammoniumhydrogenphosphate Coaltrol LPA 445 DAP, DAPLG diamine phosphate Diammonium acid phosphate Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) diammonium hydrogen phosphate; diazanium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium orthophosphate di-ammonium phosphate Diammonium Phosphate Food Grade Diammonium phosphate solution DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE|PHOSPHORIC ACID DIAMINE diammoniumhydrogenphosphate diazanium and hydron and phosphate diazanium hydrogen phosphate diazanium;hydrogen phosphate Dibasic ammonium phosphate EINECS 231-987-8 Fyrex Hydrogen diammonium phosphate I14-19729 K2 (phosphate) Pelor Phos-Chek 202A Phos-Chek 259 phosphoric acid diamine Phosphoric acid diammonium salt Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt
DIAZOLIDINYL UREA
Diazolidinyl Urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to protect them from bacterial and fungal contamination.

CAS Number: 78491-02-8
Molecular Formula: C8H14N4O7
Molecular Weight: 278.22
EINECS Number: 278-928-2

Synonyms:DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, 78491-02-8, Diazolidinylurea, 1-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N,N'-Bis(hydroxymethyl) urea, N-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N9VX1IBW6K, n-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-n,n'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, DTXSID0029559, Germall II, MFCD03547942, Urea, N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, Germall 11, DTXCID009559, Imidazolidinyl urea 11, Diazolidinyl Urea (Technical Grade), Urea, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, CAS-78491-02-8, EINECS 278-928-2, UNII-H5RIZ3MPW4, UNII-N9VX1IBW6K, N-[1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea; Diazolidinylurea; Germaben II-E; Germall II; N-Hydroxymethyl-N-[1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-N'-hydroxymethylurea, H5RIZ3MPW4, EC 278-928-2, Diazolidinyl urea, >=95%, N-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl) urea, N-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl)urea, SCHEMBL34370, CHEMBL3187032, N-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-, CHEBI:136014, SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Tox21_202068, Tox21_303365, AC1192, s5292, AKOS016010254, CCG-267223, CS-W010066, DB14173, HY-W009350, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, Urea, N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, NCGC00249159-01, NCGC00257237-01, NCGC00259617-01, AS-73729, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo(1,3-diazolidin-4-yl)]-N-(hydroxymethyl)[(hydroxymethyl)amino]carboxamide, SY033470, DB-056316, D3769, NS00001993, EN300-18632140, Q5272201, W-104279, 1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)ureido]hydantoin, N,N'-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-N'-(1,3-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2,5-DIOXO-4-IMIDAZOLIDINYL)UREA, N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-N'-hydroxy-methylurea, N-[1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea

Diazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde, which helps to prevent the growth of microbes, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Diazolidinyl urea is primarily used in cosmetics, such as lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care products.
Diazolidinyl urea can also be found in some pharmaceutical products.

Diazolidinyl urea works by slowly releasing formaldehyde, a potent antimicrobial agent, which inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective in preventing microbial growth, its use is sometimes controversial due to the formaldehyde release.
Formaldehyde can be an allergen and irritant, and in high concentrations, it is a known carcinogen.

However, the levels of formaldehyde released by Diazolidinyl urea in cosmetic products are typically low and regulated to be within safe limits.
Commercial Diazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers.
Diazolidinyl urea is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.

Diazolidinyl urea may release formaldehyde and cross-reactions to other formaldehyde-releasing substances may occur.
Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material.
Instead, new data indicate that one of the hydroxymethyl functional groups of the imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the urea nitrogen atom.

Diazolidinyl Urea is a synthetic preservative that protects formulations against harmful bacteria and fungi.
Diazolidinyl urea works by releasing formaldehyde in the products which prevents contamination - increasing the shelf life of the cosmetic products.
In its raw form, Diazolidinyl Urea appears as a fine white powder and acts as a crucial background ingredient in the beauty world.

However, it has considerable risks of allergies especially when used in higher concentrations. Proper formulation is necessary for its safe use.
Diazolidinyl Urea is a widely utilized preservative in the cosmetic industry, ensuring product stability and safety.
Its antimicrobial properties inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, extending the shelf life of various formulations, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.

By preventing microbial contamination, Diazolidinyl Urea helps maintain product integrity and efficacy, preserving the quality of cosmetics over time.
Despite some concerns about potential sensitivities, its effectiveness in preventing spoilage makes it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.

Diazolidinyl Urea is synthesized from two primary ingredients: allantoin and formaldehyde.
Allantoin, a compound found in plants and animals, undergoes a chemical reaction with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions to produce Diazolidinyl Urea.

An antimicrobial preservative that helps your products not to go wrong too quickly.
Diazolidinyl urea works especially well against bacteria, specifically gram-negative species, yeast, and mold.
Somewhat controversial, it belongs to an infamous family of formaldehyde-releasers.

That is, it slowly breaks down to form formaldehyde when it is added to a formula.
Diazolidinyl urea written more about formaldehyde-releasing preservatives and the concerns around them at Dmdm Hydantoin, but do not get too scared, those are more theories than proven facts.
Diazolidinyl urea is used as a preservative in cosmetics and medicated products.

Diazolidinyl urea can be found in creams, lotions, hair products and over-the-counter topical drugs such as medicated ointments.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
Diazolidinyl urea, a broad spectrum preservative, is a formaldehyde-releasing compound that releases formaldehyde through its decomposition.

Diazolidinyl urea is effective against most contaminating microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas.
Diazolidinyl Urea is a water soluble preservative, providing broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Diazolidinyl Urea acts as a preservative.

Diazolidinyl urea provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
It delivers efficient antimicrobial power and balanced, synergistic & boasting broad-spectrum protection.
Moreover, it is compatible with many other cosmetic ingredients.

Diazolidinyl urea is effective at low dose and can be used to bolster other preservatives.
Diazolidinyl Urea preservative finds application in formulating leave-on & rinse-off formulas, hair-care products (conditioners, gels, mousses, novel stylers, shampoos, styling lotions/creams), body-care, color cosmetics, face & body washes, facial care & wipes and sun-care products (after-sun, self-tanning, and sun-protection).
Found in products like moisturizers, sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and makeup.

Pharmaceuticals: Used as a preservative in some topical drugs.
Household Products: Included in some cleaning products and detergents to prevent microbial growth.
Diazolidinyl urea functions as a formaldehyde releaser.

When incorporated into formulations, it decomposes slowly over time to release small amounts of formaldehyde.
This formaldehyde acts as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Although effective as a preservative, the release of formaldehyde has raised safety concerns.

Diazolidinyl urea is a known carcinogen and can cause allergic reactions and skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
Regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the European Commission have established maximum allowable concentrations of formaldehyde in cosmetics.
For example, the European Union limits the concentration of free formaldehyde to 0.2% in cosmetic products.

People with formaldehyde allergies or sensitivities are advised to avoid products containing formaldehyde releasers like Diazolidinyl urea.
Due to the concerns surrounding formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, there is a growing trend towards using alternative preservatives.
Diazolidinyl urea a common preservative used in place of formaldehyde releasers.

Though controversial for other reasons, they do not release formaldehyde.
Such as essential oils, although they may not be as effective in all formulations.
Diazolidinyl urea is considered to be biodegradable.

Diazolidinyl urea is generally regarded as safe for the environment when used in recommended concentrations.
Diazolidinyl urea trade name for Diazolidinyl urea, often used in cosmetic formulations.
A combination of Diazolidinyl urea with other preservatives for enhanced efficacy.

Diazolidinyl urea is a white, odorless crystalline powder.
Its chemical formula is C8H14N4O7.
Diazolidinyl urea was first introduced in 1982.

Diazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde in the process of using a product, which makes its use little objectionable.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way.

Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.
It is used in many cosmetics, skin care products, shampoos and conditioners, as well as a wide range of products including bubble baths, baby wipes and household detergents.
Diazolidinyl urea is found in the commercially available preservative Germaben.

Diazolidinyl urea, a formaldehyde re1easer, is mainly contained in cosmetics and toiletries, and can be found in barrier creams.
Diazolidinyl urea is a synthetic preservative used in various preparations.

Diazolidinyl urea is a colorless, odorless, stable, and water-soluble preservative.
Diazolidinyl urea is reported to have a wider antimicrobial spectrum than imidazolidinyl urea, which is structurally related.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, molds, and yeast but has limited activity against fungi.


Boiling point: 421.04°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.4734 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.6590 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Water (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 11.22±0.46(Predicted)
color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: 1000g/L at 20℃
Merck: 14,3000
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.9 at 20℃

Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material.
Instead, new data indicate that the hydroxymethyl functional group of each imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the nitrogen atom.
Diazolidinyl urea, also known as eczema, describes a type of inflammation of the skin.

Contact dermatitis or contact eczema is a term used when this inflammation is caused by direct or indirect skin contact with something in your environment.
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when immune system causes allergy to a very specific chemical or substance that has been in contact with the skin.
Diazolidinyl urea is synthesized through a multi-step chemical process that involves the reaction of urea with formaldehyde and other reagents.

The specific steps can vary, but a general method includes:
Urea reacts with formaldehyde to form Diazolidinyl urea derivatives.
The Diazolidinyl urea derivatives undergo cyclization to form the imidazolidine ring structure.

The resulting product is Diazolidinyl urea, which contains the imidazolidine ring and multiple hydroxymethyl groups.
The FDA regulates the use of preservatives in cosmetics under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Diazolidinyl urea is allowed in cosmetic products, provided it meets safety requirements.

The European Union's Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 sets maximum allowable concentrations for formaldehyde in cosmetic products.
Diazolidinyl urea must be used in concentrations that ensure the free formaldehyde content does not exceed 0.2% in the final product.
Similar to the EU, Health Canada regulates the allowable levels of formaldehyde in cosmetics, ensuring safety for consumers.

Helps prevent microbial contamination in products that contain water and are prone to spoilage.
Preserves the product during prolonged storage and use.
Extends the shelf life of products like foundation, mascara, and eye shadows.

Ensures the product remains effective and safe for use over time.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in topical creams and ointments that require preservation against microbial contamination.
Included in some cleaning solutions and detergents to prevent bacterial and fungal growth during storage.

Individuals with formaldehyde sensitivity may experience allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis when exposed to products containing Diazolidinyl urea.
Manufacturers are required to use Diazolidinyl urea within regulated limits to ensure consumer safety.
Products must be tested for their formaldehyde content to comply with safety standards.

A glycol ether often used as a preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective against bacteria and yeast but less so against mold.
A class of preservatives that includes methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben.

Despite their effectiveness, parabens have faced scrutiny over potential health risks.
Preservatives like sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and their salts (potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate) are used for their antimicrobial properties.
Natural preservatives such as tea tree oil, lavender oil, and rosemary extract, although they may not be as potent and can affect the product's scent and stability.

Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to diazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way.
Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.

A study examined the effects of various cosmetic preservatives, including Diazolidinyl Urea, on healthy human skin cells, highlighting the cellular responses and potential implications for skin health.
An extensive clinical review discussed allergic contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers such as Diazolidinyl Urea, providing insights into allergic reactions and safety concerns in dermatological practice.
Research on potential carcinogens in makeup cosmetics included Diazolidinyl Urea, emphasizing the safety and regulatory aspects concerning its use in cosmetic formulations.

A study integrated Diazolidinyl Urea in a patch test series to evaluate skin sensitization and allergic reactions in patients, aiding in the assessment of its allergenic potential.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative that acts as a formaldehyde releaser in cosmetics and personal care products.
Diazolidinyl Urea prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.

Follow this link for more information about how preservatives protect cosmetics and personal care products.
Diazolidinyl urea is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative used in cosmetics and personal-care products, which has been identified as a sensitizing agent in contact dermatitis.
To determine whether DIAZ sensitization is secondary to formaldehyde release or due to its own allergenic properties, we reviewed 708 consecutive patch tests of patients with various dermatologic complaints.

Diazolidinyl urea is a water-soluble preservative.
This preservative is considered safe for use at concentrations up to 0.5%, although it’s usually present at lower concentrations because it’s typically part of a blend with other preservatives (such as parabens).
Diazolidinyl urea can be a formaldehyde-releasing preservative.

Uses:
Diazolidinyl urea is also used as a deodorizer because it helps by eliminating bacteria that produce foul smell in the sweat.
Diazolidinyl urea is commonly used in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products to prevent microbial contamination, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Diazolidinyl urea keeps water-based creams and lotions free from bacteria and mold.

Prevents the growth of microorganisms that can spoil the Diazolidinyl urea.
Maintains product integrity by preventing microbial growth.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in products like foundations, mascaras, eye shadows, and blushes to prevent contamination.

Ensures the product remains effective and safe for use over time.
Preserves the product to ensure it remains safe for skin application.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in some pharmaceutical formulations, especially topical products that require preservation against microbial contamination.

Ensures the product remains free from microbial contamination during use.
Prevents microbial growth in therapeutic shampoos.
This preservative is also found in various household items where microbial contamination is a concern.

Included in formulations like sprays and detergents to prevent bacteria and mold.
Helps maintain the product’s integrity by preventing microbial growth during storage.
In some industrial settings, Diazolidinyl urea is used to preserve products that may be stored for extended periods.

Diazolidinyl urea is used to prevent microbial growth in water-based paints and coatings.
Ensures the longevity and safety of water-based adhesives by preventing microbial contamination.
Certain specialized products also benefit from the preservative properties of Diazolidinyl urea.

Helps in preventing microbial growth in fabric treatments.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in shampoos and other grooming products for pets to prevent contamination.
Although less common, Diazolidinyl urea can be used in certain food packaging materials to prevent microbial growth, thereby extending the shelf life of the packaged goods.

Diazolidinyl urea is extensively used in the cosmetic and personal care industry due to its effectiveness as a preservative.
Diazolidinyl urea prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi in hydrating and anti-aging products.
Maintains the safety and effectiveness of facial washes and cleansing oils.

Diazolidinyl urea preserves the integrity of water-based toners and astringents.
Ensures shampoos remain free from microbial contamination.
Diazolidinyl urea keeps conditioners safe for extended use.

Diazolidinyl urea found in gels, mousses, and sprays to prevent spoilage.
Prevents microbial growth in liquid and powder foundations.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures eye makeup remains safe and free from bacteria.

Diazolidinyl urea preserves the product's integrity and safety.
Maintains the safety and effectiveness of body moisturizers.
Keeps these products free from contamination.

Diazolidinyl urea prevents microbial growth in products that are applied to sensitive areas.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures these products remain effective and free from contamination.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Diazolidinyl urea is used in topical formulations to prevent microbial contamination, which is crucial for patient safety.

Diazolidinyl urea keeps ointments free from additional bacterial contamination.
Maintains the integrity and safety of creams used for treating inflammation.
Ensures lotions for skin conditions remain uncontaminated.

Diazolidinyl urea is used in various household cleaning and maintenance products.
Prevents the growth of bacteria and mold in multi-surface cleaners.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures products used in high-moisture environments remain effective.

Diazolidinyl urea maintains the efficacy of liquid detergents over time.
Preserves the integrity and effectiveness of dishwashing soaps.
In industrial settings, Diazolidinyl urea helps maintain the quality of products that are prone to microbial contamination.

Diazolidinyl urea is an antiseptic and deodorizer.
Diazolidinyl urea is also a broadspectrum preservative against bacteria and fungi.
Generally, it is used in concentrations of 0.03 to 0.3 percent.

It has been found that diazolidinyl urea is a stronger sensitizer than imidazolidinyl urea for people sensitive or allergic to formaldehyde.
Diazolidinyl urea is a preservative used in cosmetic creams, lotions, shampoos, hair gels, etc.
Diazolidinyl urea is used as a preservative in self-care products like creams, lotions, baby wipes, hand washes, bubble bath, shampoos.

It is however used in safe concentration n any product to improve shelf life or stability of a product.
Diazolidinyl urea can be considered as a broad-spectrum antiseptic for bacteria as well as fungi.

Safety profile:
Diazolidinyl urea’s use is restricted to maximum concentrations of 0.5%.
This limit in concentration is mostly due to mild irritation that can occur on the skin in concentrations greater that this maximum.
Some people have a contact allergy to Diazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis.

Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea.
In addition to being an allergen, it is a formaldehyde releaser, since it generates formaldehyde slowly as it degrades.

Although the formaldehyde acts as a bactericidal preservative, it is a known carcinogen.
In 2005–06, Diazolidinyl urea was the 14th-most-prevalent allergen in patch tests (3.7%).
Diazolidinyl Urea has considerable risks involved in the form of skin sensitivities like irritation and redness, especially when used in concentrations higher than 0.5%.

Due to its formaldehyde-releasing nature, it can exacerbate symptoms in those sensitive to formaldehyde.
Individuals with existing skin conditions or compromised skin barriers may be more susceptible to these side effects.
Patch testing before use is mandated.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel evaluated the safety of diazolidinyl urea and found that the ingredient is safe for current uses and concentrations, and it has low eye irritation potential.
However, it has not been found to be sensitive to the skin or produce phototoxic effects.



DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic ester or DBE is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
Mixtures of different methyl Dibasic ester are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid.

CAS: 95481-62-2
MF: C21H36O12
MW: 480.51

They are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
Dibasic ester of phthalates, adipates, and azelates with C8 - C10 alcohols have found commercial use as lubricants, spin finishes, and additives.
Dibasic ester are a blend of dicarboxylic acid esters that are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
These properties make Dibasic ester a relatively safe solvent that can be used for a variety of purposes.
Dibasic ester is a refined mixture of dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids.
Dibasic ester is a liquid non-flammable, readily biodegradable and non-corrosive with mild fruity odor.

Dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but only slightly soluble in water and higher paraffins.
Dibasic ester’s are refined dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids.
Dibasic ester’s are clear, colourless liquids
having a mild, characteristic fruity odour.
They are readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but are only slightly soluble in water and hydrocarbons.
Dibasic ester is non-flammable, noncorrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly formulation options.

Dibasic ester Chemical Properties
Melting point: -20°C
Boiling point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Fp: 212 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Explosive limit: 8%
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H14O4.C7H12O4.C6H10O4/c1-11-7(9)5-3-4-6-8(10)12-2;1-10-6(8)4-3-5-7(9)11-2;1-9-5(7)3-4-6(8)10-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3;3-5H2,1-2H3;3-4H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(=O)(OC)CCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCC(=O)OC
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibasic ester (95481-62-2)

Dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Non-flammable, non-corrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly product.
Easily soluble in alcohol and only slightly soluble in water, Dibasic ester is colorless, clear and has a slightly fruity odor.

Uses
Dibasic ester was commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.
Dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.

Dibasic ester and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
N/Aer (DBE) and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
These applications are growing rapidly as new uses are found for Dibasic ester's as building blocks.

Applications:
Plasticizers
Certain esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids (as mixtures or individually) are excellent plasticizers for various polymer systems including polyvinyl chloride resins.

Polymer Intermediate
As a source of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and their mixtures, Diabasic Esters provide unique polymer structures.
By the selection of the proper Dibasic ester fraction, properties, such as low temperature flexibility, can be tailored to meet specific needs.

Polyester Polyols for Urethanes
Polyols based on Dibasic ester are used to make polyurethane elastomers, coatings and both flexible and rigid foams.

Wet-Strength Paper Resins
Dibasic ester-2, Dibasic ester-5, and Dibasic ester-9 are particularly useful in the preparation of long-chain water soluble polyamides of the type which can be reacted with epichlorohydrin to form wet-strength paper resins.

Polyester Resins
Dibasic ester's are used extensively in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated polyester resins.

Specialty Chemical Intermediate
Dimethyl succinate (DBE-4), dimethyl glutarate (DBE-5) and dimethyl adipate (DBE-6) are abundant and economical sources of the adipic, glutarate and succinic moieties for organic synthesis.

1) Preparation of nano anti-scaling and anti-corrosion coatings for gathering and transportation pipelines, which are applied to anti-scaling and anti-corrosion in petroleum gathering and transportation pipelines.
Dibasic ester is characterized in that it is composed of 1 part by weight of agent A and 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight of agent B, agent A includes bisphenol A epoxy resin, n-butanol, xylene, divalent acid ester, polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, high molecular weight block copolymer containing pigment affinity group, foam-breaking polysiloxane, polyether siloxane co-polymer, polyacrylate, high molecular weight polycarboxylic acid containing amine derivatives, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, sericite, talc and flake graphite; Among them, agent B includes polyamide.

The effect is: the coating has excellent workability and storage stability, and the coating film has excellent anti-fouling performance and excellent corrosion resistance.
The scale inhibition rate of pipelines can reach above 80%.

2) an environment-friendly high-performance bait brightener was prepared, which was composed of divalent acid ester, PVC powder, free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water.
Dibasic ester uses divalent acid ester and PVC powder as the main raw materials, supplemented by free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water, and is refined by advanced production technology.
Among them, ethyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral mainly play a role in increasing viscosity, so that the brightener can adhere to the surface of the bait, and ethyl acetate has a fruity smell, which is easy to attract fish for food.
The main function of divalent acid ester is to dissolve PVC powder, which has the effects of brightening and improving gloss.
Dibasic ester is a degradable and environment-friendly solvent.
After the bait brightener is impregnated, heated and dried, the product can present a high-light state, with bright color, lifelike, and high fish lure rate, especially to attract fish in deep waters.

Production method
(1) continuous catalytic esterification: including the first catalytic esterification and the second catalytic esterification: a first catalytic esterification: according to the mass ratio of nylon acid, methanol and hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst of 1:1.3:0.02, weigh each raw material, add the raw materials nylon acid and methanol to the reaction kettle in sequence, then add the hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst, heat while stirring, heat to 120 ℃, keep the temperature unchanged, the pressure inside the reaction kettle is controlled to be 125KPa, and the reaction is carried out for 1 hour.

The aqueous cerium sulfate catalyst is composed of cerium sulfate active component and double mesoporous silicon carrier, wherein the mass percentage of cerium sulfate is 42%, and the balance is double mesopores.
The pore size of the small mesopores of the double mesopores is 3-5nm, and the pore size of the large mesopores is 10. B The second catalytic esterification: The reaction is carried out by continuously introducing methanol into the reaction kettle.
The water generated by the reaction is brought out with methanol to continue the reaction. The amount of methanol added is the amount of methanol added in the first catalytic esterification. 143%, this reaction stage is an atmospheric reaction.

The reaction temperature is controlled by controlling the methanol inlet speed.
The reaction temperature at this stage is 130 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and adding titanate catalysts, the addition amount is 8.2‰ of the total mass of the reactants, and the acid value is measured for 5 hours.
When the acid value reaches less than 5mgKOH/g, the temperature is rapidly reduced to 65 ℃, the reaction is stopped, and the crude product is obtained.
The titanate catalyst is a mixture of tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate, and the mass ratio is 2:5:3.

(2) alkali washing and neutralization: filter and separate the catalyst, slowly add 20% NaHCO3 to the crude product of the reaction kettle, stir at a rate of 100rad/min while adding at a temperature of 85 ℃, stop adding and continue stirring for 10min when the acid value of the crude product is lower than 0.5mgKOH/g; The separated catalyst is reused after simple treatment, and the number of times of use is recorded.

(3) standing at low temperature: place the above products at an ambient temperature of -3 ℃ and stand for 25min. after stratification, the water layer is separated to remove water.

(4) pump the crude product material after water removal into the light removal tower, reduce the pressure to -0.01MPa, set the top temperature to 105 ℃, remove the light components, and circulate the methanol in the light components to the catalytic esterification reactor for reuse after dehydration and impurity removal; The packing layer provided in the light removal tower adopts polypropylene plastic step ring, the diameter of the step ring used is 50mm, and the top part adopts reflux in tube.

(5) put the crude product with light components removed into the weight removal tower, and decompress to remove the heavy components; The pressure after decompression is controlled to-0.085MPa, the top temperature of the weight removal tower is controlled to 125 ℃, the bottom temperature of the tower is controlled to 150 ℃, the reflux ratio is set to 0.7, and the products at the top of the tower are collected.
The product processed by the above method, after testing, the color of the product is stable, the chromaticity is light, and the chromaticity is not much different.

The main component is NME (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate) The purity of NME is 99.82%, of which the content of methanol is 0.021%, and the content of mono-methyl ester is 0.012 ‰; after the quality analysis of the various components before, the selectivity of the reaction is 99.83%; the acid value of the product is 0.14mgKOH/g; the moisture content of the product is 0.020%; after the catalyst is used for 30 times, the activity decreases less than 10%, it is stable during use, and has good reuse performance.
It is not easy to be poisoned, will not corrode equipment, and will not pollute the environment.

Synonyms
Estasol
Dibasic ester
95481-62-2
RDPE
dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl hexanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate
DBE dibasic ester
Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
SCHEMBL4450294
dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate
dimethyl butanedioate,dimethyl hexanedioate,dimethyl pentanedioate
dimethyl adipate compound with dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate (1:1:1)
DBE
MADE
IMSOL
DIBASIC ACID
DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters
Dbe Dibasic Ester
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters(DBE)
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
Mixed Aliphatic Dimethyl Esters
DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
CAS number: 94-36-0
EC number: 202-327-6
Molecular formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of Dibenzoyl peroxides structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl peroxideis a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may cause skin irritation in people with sensitive skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a colorless, crystalline solid with a faint odor of benzaldehyde resulting from the interaction of benzoyl chloride and a cooled sodium peroxide solution.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is insoluble in water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in specified cheeses at 0.0002% of milk level.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the bleaching of flour, slowly decomposing to exert its full bleaching action, which results in whiter flour and bread.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a widely used organic compound of the peroxide family.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is often used in acne treatments , bleaching and polymerizing polyester and many other uses.
As a bleach, Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

Applications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely utilized as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.
Dibenzoyl peroxide finds applications for acne treatment, for bleaching flour, hair and teeth and for cross-linking polyester resins.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also has major applications in antiseptic and bleaching properties.
Dibenzoyl peroxide serves as a catalyst for polyester thermoset resins and as a hardener to start the polymerization process.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes.
Due to Dibenzoyl peroxides irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide appears as odorless white powder or granules.

Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide in a cool place in isolation, out of the sunlight and away from heat.
Dibenzoyl peroxide acts as an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory agent when applied topically to the human epithelium.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
-Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
-Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
-Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Binding agents, used in paint, sand, etc
-General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles (unclear if bleaching agents are for consumer or industrial use)
-Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
-Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes.
Due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl peroxide is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis on the WHO List of Essential Medicines, and, in the US, Dibenzoyl peroxideis available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the plastics industry and for bleaching flour, hair, and textiles.

History of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide was first prepared and described by Liebig in 1858.
Dibenzoyl peroxidewas the first organic peroxide prepared intentionally.

Medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl peroxidedoes not induce antibiotic resistance.
Dibenzoyl peroxidemay be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl peroxide, an unusual formulation considering most retinoids are deactivated by peroxides.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl peroxide was approved in 2021.

Dibenzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.

Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.
The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl peroxide can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Dibenzoyl peroxidecan cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making Dibenzoyl peroxidebactericidal, and Dibenzoyl peroxidewas thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.
Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory effect as well. In micromolar concentrations Dibenzoyl peroxideprevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne.

Other medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in dentistry as a tooth whitening product.

Non-medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is one of the most important organic peroxides in terms of applications and the scale of its production.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis often used as a convenient oxidant in organic chemistry.

Bleaching of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Like most peroxides, Dibenzoyl peroxideis a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used for the bleaching of flour, fats, oils, waxes, and cheeses, as well as a stain remover.

Polymerization of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions, such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

Reactivity of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide, a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2

Dibenzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2

The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.
The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92 °C.
At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23
Storage & Sensitivity: Ambient temperatures.
Solubility:
Soluble in ether and chloroform.
Slightlysoluble in ethanol.
Insoluble in water.

Use and Manufacturing of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products:
-Home Maintenance
-Inside the Home
-Personal Care

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry
-Plumbing, plumbing tools (home or industrial use)
-Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
-Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
-Caulk, mortar, or putty compounds
-Wall construction materials, or wall coverings
-Casting agents or molding compounds for plastics, sand, or metals
-Catalyst
-Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory

Industry Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Fillers
-Intermediates
-Oxidizing/reducing agents
-Plasticizers
-Process regulators
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealants
-Arts, crafts, and hobby materials
-Automotive care products
-Personal care products
-Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Industry Processing Sectors of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
-Plastic material and resin manufacturing
-Plastics product manufacturing
-Rubber product manufacturing
-Services

About Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of germs (bacteria) on the surface of your skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide comes as a gel or face wash containing 5% Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is available to buy from pharmacies under the brand name Acnecide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is sometimes mixed with potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an "antimicrobial" ingredient that kills micro-organisms on your skin.
Dibenzoyl peroxide's sold in pharmacies as Quinoderm cream.

Some Dibenzoyl peroxide products are available on prescription only.
This is because they contain other active ingredients such as antibiotics or retinoids (exfoliants).

Many popular skincare brands also make products that contain Dibenzoyl peroxide, but at a lower strength.
These are available to buy in pharmacies, supermarkets and shops.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
-Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Pharmaceutical related
-Fixatives or fixing agents
-Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
-Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
-Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Related to the activity of hunting

Key facts about Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% takes around 4 weeks to start working.
You'll usually use Dibenzoyl peroxide 1 or 2 times a day.
The most common side effect is skin irritation.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is better to use it less often at first, then build up as your skin gets used to it.
Pharmacy brands include Acnecide 5% gel and Acnecide Wash 5%.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also an ingredient in Duac Once Daily (with clindamycin, an antibiotic) and Epiduo gel (with adapalene, a retinoid).

Who can and cannot use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Most adults and children over 12 years old can use Dibenzoyl peroxide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is not suitable for some people.
To make sure Dibenzoyl peroxide is safe for you, tell your doctor before using this medicine if you:
-are allergic to Dibenzoyl peroxide or other medicines.
-have damaged or broken skin where you need to use the treatment.
-have very bad acne with nodules (large, hard lumps that build up beneath the surface of the skin and can be painful) or cysts (large, pus-filled lumps that look similar to boils).
These need to be treated by a doctor to avoid scarring.

How and when to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide is for use on your skin only.

Always wash your hands before and after using this medicine.
If your skin becomes dry or starts peeling, try using Dibenzoyl peroxide less often.
Put Dibenzoyl peroxide on once a day or once every 2 days, until your skin gets used to it.

Dibenzoyl peroxide can bleach or discolour your hair, as well as clothes, towels and bedding.
Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide away from hair and coloured fabrics.
How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% gel

Wash the affected area with a mild skin cleanser and water.
Gently pat your skin dry.
Put a thin layer of gel on all the affected areas.
If your whole face has acne, use a strip of gel (2.5cm long) each time.
You'll usually use the gel once or twice a day.
If you have sensitive skin, use the gel once a day, before going to bed.

Try to avoid strong sunlight while using Dibenzoyl peroxide gel.
Use an oil-free sunscreen, or a moisturiser or foundation with added SPF30.
In stronger sunlight, use SPF30 or above.
Ask a pharmacist to help you pick a sunscreen that's right for your skin type.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Term applied when source specifically indicates product is for industrial use, or use in the industrial sector
-Related to electrical work (such as wiring of a building), electric current insulation materials, or other electrical components
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives
-Related to manufacturing for export
-Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
-Beverages for human consumption (e.g., juice, water, alcohol), or related to beverages for human consumption (e.g. machinery for production of beverages, or facilities serving beverages)
-Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
-General medical instruments or medical facilities, spectacle lenses and optical instruments
-Related to metals - manufacturing of metals, casting of metals, production of metals, surface treatment of metals, etc

How long will I use Dibenzoyl peroxide for?
Dibenzoyl peroxide depends on how quickly your condition improves.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will usually start to work within 4 weeks, but once your acne is under control you may want to keep using it to stop your acne coming back.

What if I forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide does not matter if you forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide.
When you remember, start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again once or twice a day in the same way as before.

What if I use Dibenzoyl peroxide too much?
If you use too much Dibenzoyl peroxide, your skin may become irritated.
Wash off as much as you can and wait for the irritation to go away.

When your skin has calmed down again, you can start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again.
Be careful to follow the instructions on the package.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Inert ingredients in a pesticide
-Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Accelerators, activators, oxidation agents, reducing agents, etc
-Vulcanizing agents and rubberizing materials
-Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description)
-Bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, and waxes; polymerization catalyst; drying agent for unsaturated oils; pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes; rubber vulcanization without sulfur; burnout agent for acetate yarns; production of cheese; embossing vinyl flooring (proprietary).
-Source of free radicals for industrial processes. Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
-For Dibenzoyl peroxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128964) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

About Dibenzoyl peroxide Helpful information:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Article service life:
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dibenzoyl peroxide is most likely to be released to the environment.
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Formulation or re-packing:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.

Manufacture:
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Although the precise cause of acne is unclear, Dibenzoyl peroxide appears to be associated with at least four factors: increased sebum production, follicular keratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation.
The study suggests the prevalent bacterium implicated in the clinical course of acne is Propionibacterium acnes (P acnes), a gram-positive anaerobe that normally inhabits the skin and is implicated in the inflammatory phase of acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is mainly indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate acne and is often prescribed in conjunction with oral antibiotics (erythromycin or clindamycin) in the treatment of moderate to severe acne.

Dibenzoyl peroxide used in 2.5, 5, and 10 percent concentrations, depending on the acne severity.
Usually, these are in a gel spreading agent, but they can also be in a cream base or a drying paste.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is keratolytic, which means “keratin-dissolving” and works by loosening dead cells stuck in the follicles.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also releases oxygen in the follicle.
Because acne bacteria are anaerobic, they cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Dibenzoyl peroxide essentially works both as an interfollicular exfoliant and as an antibacterial.

Mode of action:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is lipophilic that can penetrate the stratum corneum and enter the pilosebaceous follicle.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is rapidly broken down to benzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide and generates free radicals that oxidize proteins in bacterial cell membranes, exerting a bactericidal action.
In addition, it has been shown that Dibenzoyl peroxide can reduce the free fatty acid content of sebum, which provides a useful marker for bacterial activity.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory action and vitro studies suggest that this action arises from its ability to kill polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN cells) in the pilosebaceous follicles and so prevent their release of reactive oxygen species such as peroxides which enhance tissue inflammation.

Involving equation about this process:
C6H5C(O)O-OC(O)C6H5 + H2O 2 C6H5COOH + ½ O2
Moreover, due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a bleaching agent for certain foods, an oxidizing agent, a polymerizing initiator in the manufacture of plastics, a curing agent for silicone rubber, and an ingredient in various industrial processes.
Dibenzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has a long history of use in the food industry as a bleaching agent added for flour, whey, and milk for cheese making.

Contact with fabrics or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately.
Even secondary contact can cause bleaching.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely used as a catalyst in the polymerisation of molecules like styrene (phenylethene) to form polystyrene, which used to make many things from drinking cups to packaging material.

Dibenzoyl peroxide and Pregnancy :
There are no studies looking at women who use topical Dibenzoyl peroxide during pregnancy.
When Dibenzoyl peroxide is applied topically, only 5% is absorbed through the skin, and then it is completely metabolized to benzoic acid within the skin and excreted unchanged in the urine.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is not likely to increase risk for birth defects or cause problems for the baby.
However, systemic effects on a pregnant woman and her child would not be expected and therefore use of this product during pregnancy would not be of concern.

Description of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide may affect workers in the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins and catalysts) industries, electricians, ceramic workers, dentists and dental technicians, laboratory technicians and bakers.
As it was contained in candles, Dibenzoyl peroxide also induced contact dermatitis in a sacristan.
However, some positive tests are of unknown occupational relevance.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an odorless, white or colorless crystalline powder.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial ingredient commonly used in acne treatments.
Dibenzoyl peroxide functions by forcing an oxidant (peroxide in this case) into the philosebaceous orifice where it releases oxygen, thereby diminishing the P. acnes population.
This reduces the level of free fatty acids and skin infection.

Source of free radicals for industrial processes.
Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a source offree radicals in many organic syntheses andto initiate polymerizations of styrene, vinylchloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylics; to curethermoset polyester resins and silicone rubbers;in medicine for treating acne; and forbleaching vegetable oil, cheese, flour, and fats.

Indications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is a potent oxidizing agent that has both antimicrobial and comedolytic properties; its primary use is in treating acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted in the skin to benzoic acid; clearance of absorbed drug is rapid, and no systemic toxicity has been observed.
The major toxicities are irritation and contact allergy.
Outgrowth of bacteria resistant to topical antibiotics used to treat acne can be reduced by the addition of Dibenzoyl peroxide in combination products such as erythromycin (Benzamycin) and clindamycin (Benzaclin).

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments:
Dibenzoyl peroxide products are used topically either as gels or in shampoos.
Shampoos are generally used for seborrheas, greasy skin (seborrhea oleosa), or crusty pyodermas (such as seborrheic dermatitis/pyoderma commonly seen in Cocker Spaniels).
Gels may be useful for treating recurrent localized skin infections (e.g., chin acne), localized Demodex lesions, superficial and deep pyodermas (adjunctive therapy), seborrhea oleosa, and Schnauzer comedo syndrome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide possesses antimicrobial (especially antibacterial), keratolytic and antiseborrheic actions.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also is Dibenzoyl peroxide has some mild antipruritic activity and wound healing effects, and is thought to increase follicular flushing.
Dibenzoyl peroxide’s antimicrobial activity is due to the oxidative benzoyl peroxy radicals formed that disrupt cell membranes.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Various types of paint for various uses
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Rubber products (e.g. tires) and their manufacture
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
-Subcategory of personal_care, includes fragrances, shampoos, make-up, etc.
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Chemicals on lists subject to restrictions of use (i.e. some use allowed, but use is limited) in Europe
-Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests

Storage of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide should be stored in acool and well-ventilated area, isolated fromother chemicals and free of heating andelectrical installations.
Dry compound maybe shipped in polyethylene-lined paper bagsor fiber containers packed in wooden boxeso.

Purification Methods of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dissolve Dibenzoyl peroxide in CHCl3 at room temperature and precipitate it by adding an equal volume of MeOH or pet ether.
Similarly Dibenzoyl peroxide is precipitated from acetone by adding two volumes of distilled water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has also been crystallised from 50% MeOH and from diethyl ether.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will give you more information about Dibenzoyl peroxide and will provide you with a full list of the side-effects which you could experience from using it.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is recommended that you use Dibenzoyl peroxide once or twice each day.

When you first start using it, you will be recommended to use a 4% or 5% strength preparation.
This will help keep any skin irritation to a minimum.
If you find Dibenzoyl peroxide does irritate then try the 2.5% strength once the irritation has settled.
These strength preparations often work as well as the higher 10% strength preparations and cause less skin irritation.
If necessary, you can increase the strength of the preparation as you go on, but do this gradually.

A general point is that you should apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to all of the area where your spots occur and not just to each spot.
Creams and gels should be applied about 15 minutes or so after washing the area with soap and water and gently drying with a towel.
At first you may want to wash the preparation off after a few hours, but gradually try to increase the length of time you leave it on the skin.
When your skin is used to the preparation, aim to put it on twice a day and leave it on.
If you are using a 'wash', wet your skin and then pour some of the liquid wash on to your hands and use it to wash the affected areas.
Leave Dibenzoyl peroxide on for a minute or so before you rinse it off.

Can Dibenzoyl peroxide cause problems?
Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them.
The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with preparations containing Dibenzoyl peroxide.
You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine.
The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may be used in combination with other acne treatments.
When applied to the skin, Dibenzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.

Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before.
The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients.
Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes.
Taking the wrong product could harm you.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide Gel
Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start using this product and each time you get a refill.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Before using this product for the first time, check if you are allergic to it.
To check, put a small amount on one or two small areas of acne for three days.
If you have an allergic reaction, stop using this product and get medical help right away (see the symptoms of an allergic reaction in the Side Effects section).
If you don't have an allergic reaction, you can use the product.

There are many Dibenzoyl peroxide products available.
Many can be purchased without a prescription. Some products (such as cleansers, foam, or lotions) may require a prescription.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist on the choice of the product that is best for you.
If you are using the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read and follow all directions on the product package before using this medication.
If you have any questions, consult your pharmacist.
If your doctor has prescribed this medication, use it as directed.

Some products require shaking before use.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be shaken.

Apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to the areas of your skin affected by acne.
Avoid getting this medication into your eyes, inside your nose or mouth, or on any areas of broken skin since it may cause irritation.
If this occurs, flush the area with plenty of water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may bleach hair or fabrics.
Use carefully, and avoid contact with hair, clothing, and furnishings.

If using cleansers containing Dibenzoyl peroxide, wet the affected area.
Gently rub the cleanser into the skin for 10-20 seconds.
Work into a full lather and rinse thoroughly and then pat dry.
If too much drying occurs, you may need to rinse the cleanser off sooner or use it less often.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist for further details.

If you are using the liquid wash, cleansing pad, or cleanser bar, use it instead of soap once or twice a day.
Wet the skin before applying, gently work up a lather for 10 to 20 seconds, and rinse thoroughly.
Do not scrub the skin.

If using the shaving cream, first wet the area to be shaved.
Apply a small amount of the medication, gently rub into the area, and then shave.

If you are using a cream, foam, lotion, or gel, apply it to the affected area as directed, usually once or twice a day.
Before applying each dose, gently wash the affected area with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Apply a small amount of medicine to the affected area and rub in gently.
Some products may require rinsing off after application for a certain amount of time.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be rinsed off.

If you are using the medicated pads or sponges, wash the affected skin with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Wipe the pad or sponge gently onto the skin to apply the medication, usually once or twice a day to the skin as directed.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy.
Improvement in acne is usually seen after 3 weeks of use, and maximum benefit after 8-12 weeks of use.
Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than directed.
Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used, in particular, for external treatment of acne.
About 5% is absorbed (Leachman 2006).
To some extent, Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted to benzoic acid in the skin.

Simultaneous topical therapy with retinoids increases the absorption.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the food and plastics industries.
There are insufficient epidemiological data for a risk assessment.
Despite the broad use, there are no indications of any teratogenic effects.

Most people with acne are aged between 12 and 25, but some older and younger people are affected too.
Small sebaceous glands lie just under your skin surface and make an oil (sebum) that keeps your skin supple and smooth.
Tiny pores on your skin allow the sebum to come on to the surface of your skin.
In acne, some of these pores become blocked, causing small pimples, blackheads and whiteheads.

Dibenzoyl peroxide has three actions - it kills germs (bacteria), it reduces inflammation and it helps to unplug blocked pores.
You can buy Dibenzoyl peroxide without a prescription at a pharmacy.
Dibenzoyl peroxide comes in different brand names and strengths - there is a 2.5%, 4%, 5% and 10% strength.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is also available in combination preparations used for acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide can be combined with an antibiotic called clindamycin, or with another medicine used for acne, called adapalene (brand name Epiduo®).
Both of these preparations need to be prescribed by a doctor, and should be used as directed by the doctor.

Before using Dibenzoyl peroxide:
To make sure that this is the right treatment for you, before you start using Dibenzoyl peroxide it is important that your doctor or pharmacist knows:

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, although Dibenzoyl peroxide is not known to be harmful in pregnancy.
If you are taking any medicines, or using any other skin preparations.
This includes any which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.
If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a skin product.

IUPAC NAMES:
AKPEROX BP75 POWDER
benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
Dibenzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)
Benzoyl Peroxide (wetted with ca. 25% Water)
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl Peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide (upper limit: 77% w/w; typical concentration: 75% w/w)
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxide
diphenylperoxyanhydride
LUPEROX A75
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide, dibenzoyl


SYNOYNMS:
Benzoyl peroxide Manufacturer
Luperox A98, Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide[51% < content ≤100%, inert solid content ≤48%]
Benzoyl peroxide[35% < content ≤52%, inert solid content ≥48%]
Benzoyl peroxide[36% < content ≤42%, type A diluent ≥18%, water content ≤40%]
Benzoyl peroxide[77% < content ≤94%, water content ≥6%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤42%, stable dispersion in water]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤62%, inert solid content ≥28%, water content ≥10%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤77%, water content ≥23%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste,52% < content ≤62%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste, no more than 52%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste, content ≤56.5%, water content ≥15%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤35%, inert solids ≥65%]
BENZOYL PEROXIDE(BPO)
Benzaknen
Benzaknew
Benzamycin
Benzoic acid, peroxide
Luperco A
Luperco AC
Luperco AFR
Luperco AFR-250
Luperco AST
lupercoaa
lupercoast
Luperox fl
luperoxfl
Luzidol
Mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide and calcium sulfate
Mytolac
NA 2085
Nayper B and bo
Nayper BO
nayperbandbo
nayperbo
Nericur
Nericur Gel 5
Norox bzp-250
Norox bzp-C-35
noroxbzp-250
noroxbzp-c-35
Novadeiox
Novadelox
NSC-675
Oxy 5
OXY WASH
OXY-10
oxy-10cover
oxy-5
Oxy-L
Oxylite
Panoxyl
Periygel
Perossido di benzoile
perossidodibenzoile
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide,dibenzoyl
Peroxyde de benzoyle

Regulatory process names:
Benzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide

Translated names:
bensoylperoxid (sv)
bensoüülperoksiid (et)
bentsoyyliperoksidi (fi)
benzoil peroksid (hr)
benzoil peroksid (sl)
benzoil-peroxid (hu)
benzoile perossido (it)
benzoilperoksidas (lt)
benzoilperoksīds (lv)
benzoylperoksid (no)
benzoylperoxid (da)
Benzoylperoxid (de)
benzoylperoxid (sk)
benzoylperoxide (nl)
dibensoylperoxid (sv)
dibensoüülperoksiid (et)
Dibentsoyyliperoksidi (fi)
dibenzoil peroksid (hr)
dibenzoil peroksid (sl)
dibenzoil-peroxid (hu)
Dibenzoilperoksidas (lt)
dibenzoilperoksīds (lv)
dibenzoylperoksid (no)
dibenzoylperoxid (cs)
dibenzoylperoxid (da)
Dibenzoylperoxid (de)
dibenzoylperoxid (sk)
dibenzoylperoxide (nl)
nadtlenek benzoilowy (pl)
nadtlenek dibenzoilowy (pl)
perossido di dibenzoile (it)
peroxid de benzoil (mt)
peroxid de benzoil (ro)
peroxid de dibenzoil (mt)
peroxid de dibenzoil (ro)
peroxyde de benzoyle (fr)
peroxyde de dibenzoyle;peroxyde de benzoyle (fr)
peróxido de benzoílo (es)
peróxido de benzoílo (pt)
peróxido de dibenzoílo (es)
peróxido de dibenzoílo (pt)
Ββενζοϋλυπεροξείδιο (el)
Δδιβενζοϋλυπεροξείδιο (el)
бензоил пероксид (bg)
дибензоил пероксид (bg)

CAS names:
Methanone, 1,1'-dioxybis[1-phenyl-

IUPAC names:
benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
BENZOYL PEROXIDE
Benzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO)
Benzoyl Peroxide (wetted with ca. 25% Water)
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl Peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide (upper limit: 77% w/w; typical concentration: 75% w/w)
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxide
diphenylperoxyanhydride
LUPEROX A75
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide, dibenzoyl

Trade names:
Benzoic acid, peroxide
Benzoperoxide
Benzoyl peroxide, remainder water
Benzoyl Superoxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
NOVIPER BP
Perkadox L-W75

Other identifiers:
117989-71-6
117989-71-6
132323-44-5
132323-44-5
143928-58-9
143928-58-9
37370-29-9
37370-29-9
617-008-00-0
94-36-0
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
benzoperoxide, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
Structure of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
Tube of a water-based 5% Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) preparation for the treatment of acne
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) formulation Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was introduced, which is a mixture of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) and filler.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiDibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
benzoperoxide, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
Structure of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
Tube of a water-based 5% Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) preparation for the treatment of acne
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) formulation Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was introduced, which is a mixture of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) and filler.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiDibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



DIBENZYL ETHER
Dibenzyl ether is an organic compound with the formula C14H14O.
Dibenzyl ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).


CAS Number: 103-50-4
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Chemical formula: C14H14O


Dibenzyl ether is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
Dibenzyl ether is produced by treating benzyl chloride with a base.
Dibenzyl ether, also known as benzyl oxide or fema 2371, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.


These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl ether is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.
Dibenzyl ether has been detected, but not quantified, in dills.


This could make Dibenzyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a liquid, Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl ether has a role as a metabolite.


Dibenzyl ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl ether is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.


Dibenzyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, dills (Anethum graveolens).
This could make Dibenzyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl ether is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.


Dibenzyl ether is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base.
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.


Dibenzyl ether has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl ether is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae with data available.
Dibenzyl ether is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.


Dibenzyl ether is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and acetone.
Dibenzyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBENZYL ETHER:
Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Dibenzyl ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Dibenzyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Dibenzyl ether is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzyl ether is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, plastic products, rubber products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Dibenzyl ether is used as flavor and fragrance.
Dibenzyl ether is also used as solvent for resins, rubber, wax, artificial musk.


Dibenzyl ether is used as a synthetic flavoring ingredient, a plasticizer for synthetic rubber, a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, and a solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl ether is used Chemical synthesis, Manufacturing of fragances, Manufacturing of rubber, latex, Plasticizers for polymers, and Polymer auxiliaries.


A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the main use of Dibenzyl ether is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl ether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Dibenzyl ether is used in the following products: air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.


Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).


Dibenzyl ether can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).
Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Cosmetic Uses: perfuming agents


Dibenzyl ether is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
A colorless, nearly odorless oil, Dibenzyl ether's main use is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl ether (CAS# 103-50-4) is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.
Dibenzyl ether is used as an effective GFP-friendly tissue clearing medium for mouse brains.


Dibenzyl ether is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl ether is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER:
*Dialkyl ethers
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER:
*Benzylether
*Ether
*Dialkyl ether
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
Molecular Weight: 198.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 137
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 1911156
MDL: MFCD00004780
CoE Number: 11856
XlogP3: 3.30 (est)
Molecular Weight: 198.26478000

Formula: C14 H14 O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Molecular Formula: C14H14O
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChIKey: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 298 ℃
Melting Point: 1.5-3.5°C
Flash Point: 135°C
Density: 1.04 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Appearance: Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 203-118-2
Log P: 3.40340
MDL: MFCD00004780
Refractive Index: 1.561-1.563
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Pressure:1 mmHg at 77 °F ; 4 mmHg at 122 °F; 31 mmHg at 203 °F
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.646 to 8.687
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 6.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.310
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: cream, lipstick, non-discoloring in most media, shampoo, soap
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: fruity
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1,5 - 3,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 298 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 137 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3,71 mPa.s at 35 °C
Water solubility: 0,042 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,31 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,043 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 3°C to 4°C
Density: 1.04
Boiling Point: 298°C
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F)
Refractive Index: 1.562
UN Number: UN3082
Beilstein: 1911156
Merck Index: 14,1132

Solubility Information: Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Miscible with ethanol,ether,chloroform and acetone.
Formula Weight: 198.27
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Dibenzyl ether
Density: 1.043 (204 c)
Practically Insoluble: in water
Specific gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 297.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 3.31
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 %
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C
Odor: sweet fruity cherry earthy mushroom rose plastic
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Density: 6.8
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC
Odor Type: earthy
Molecular weight: 198.28
Color: colorless to pale yellow unstable liquid
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min.97%

Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.041-1.043
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.561-1.563
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Exact Mass: 198.26
BRN: 1911156
EC Number: 203-118-2
UNII: 2O6CNO27RJ
NSC Number: 5931
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5025819
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID|VERY PALE YELLOW
HScode 2909309090
PSA: 9.2
XLogP3: 3.3
Appearance: Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid
Density: 0.99735 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: 3.6 °C
Boiling Point: 298 °C
Flash Point: 275 °F
Refractive Index: 1.569
Water Solubility: H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C.
Vapor Pressure: 1.03X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Vapor Density: 6.84 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
Odor: FAINT, ALMOND ODOR
Taste: MUSHROOM TASTE

Experimental Properties:
Liquid molar volume = 0.190344 cu m/kmol
Air and Water Reactions:
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.
Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group: Ethers
Reactivity Alerts Peroxidizable Compound
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filte: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H14O
IUPAC name: [(benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChI Key: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: C(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 198.2604
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 198.10446507



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene
Benzyl ether
DIBENZYL ETHER
103-50-4
Dibenzylether
Benzyl oxide
(Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene
Plastikator BA
BA (plasticizer)
phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Ether, dibenzyl
Plasticator BA
Dibenzylether [Czech]
Benzyl oxide [Czech]
FEMA No. 2371
FEMA Number 2371
Benzene, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
1,1-Oxybismethylene, bis benzene
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
1,1-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene
1,1-Oxybis methylene, bis benzene
BA (VAN)
CCRIS 6085
Benzene, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis-
HSDB 6030
Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis(methylene-
1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene
NSC 5931
EINECS 203-118-2
1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene
UNII-2O6CNO27RJ
BRN 1911156
2O6CNO27RJ
AI3-02269
DTXSID5025819
CHEBI:87411
NSC-5931
benzylether
EC 203-118-2
4-06-00-02240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
dibenzyl ester
ther de benzyle
?Benzyl ether
mono-benzyl ether
Benzyl ether, 8CI
ETHER,DIBENZYL
Benzyl ether, 98%
Bn2O
Tribenoside impurity D
DBN (CHRIS Code)
oxybis(methylene)dibenzene
BENZYL ETHER [MI]
phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
WLN: R1O1R
SCHEMBL27380
DIBENZYL ETHER [FCC]
MLS001050086
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene #
BIDD:ER0268
DIBENZYL ETHER [FHFI]
DIBENZYL ETHER [HSDB]
CHEMBL152299
DTXCID005819
FEMA 2371
NSC5931
Dibenzyl ether, analytical standard
Tox21_200903
Benzene,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
Benzyl ether, >=98%, FCC, FG
Ethyl?benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate
LS-363
MFCD00004780
1-benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
AKOS015914994
CS-W010535
NCGC00091363-01
NCGC00091363-02
NCGC00258457-01
BS-14196
CAS-103-50-4
SMR001216521
Dibenzyl ether, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI
B0418
FT-0624653
TRIBENOSIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY]
A800755
Q-200956
Q11309584
Tribenoside impurity D, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H
Benzene,1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
Benzyl ether
1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene]
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzyl ether
Plastikator BA
BA (plasticizer)
BA
NSC 5931
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
(Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9ci
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI
1-Benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
Benzyl ether, 8ci
Benzyl ether, 8CI
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzylether
FEMA 2371
Phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
1-Benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9ci
Benzyl ether, 8ci
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzylether
FEMA 2371
Phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
Dibenzylether
Dibenzyloxide
Di-(phenylmethyl)-ether
1,1'-(Oxybis-methylene)bis-benzene



DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE)
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.


CAS Number: 103-50-4
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Linear Formula: (C6H5CH2)2O
Chemical formula: C14H14O



Benzyl ether, Benzyl ether, DIBENZYL ETHER, 103-50-4, Dibenzylether, Benzyl oxide, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), Phenylmethoxymethylbenzene, FEMA No. 2371, Benzene, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, 1,1-Oxybismethylene, bis benzene, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, 1,1-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene, 1,1-Oxybis methylene, bis benzene, Benzene, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis-, Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis(methylene-, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene, 2O6CNO27RJ, DTXSID5025819, CHEBI:87411, NSC-5931, Benzylether, Ether, dibenzyl, Plasticator BA, FEMA Number 2371, BA (VAN), CCRIS 6085, HSDB 6030, NSC 5931, EINECS 203-118-2, 1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene, UNII-2O6CNO27RJ, BRN 1911156, dibenzyl ester, AI3-02269, ?Benzyl ether, mono-benzyl ether, Benzyl ether, 8CI, ETHER,DIBENZYL, Benzyl ether, 98%, Bn2O, Tribenoside impurity D, oxybis(methylene)dibenzene, BENZYL ETHER [MI], EC 203-118-2, phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene, WLN: R1O1R, SCHEMBL27380, DIBENZYL ETHER [FCC], 4-06-00-02240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS001050086, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene #, BIDD:ER0268, DIBENZYL ETHER [FHFI], DIBENZYL ETHER [HSDB], CHEMBL152299, DTXCID005819, FEMA 2371, NSC5931, Dibenzyl ether, analytical standard, Tox21_200903, Benzene,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, >=98%, FCC, FG, Ethyl?benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate, MFCD00004780, 1-benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether), AKOS015914994, CS-W010535, NCGC00091363-01, NCGC00091363-02, NCGC00258457-01, BS-14196, CAS-103-50-4, SMR001216521, Dibenzyl ether, purum, >=98.0% (GC), 1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI, B0418, FT-0624653, TRIBENOSIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY], A800755, Q-200956, Q11309584, Tribenoside impurity D, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H, DIBENZYL ETHER, (Oxybis(Methylene))dibenzene, FEMA 2371, benzyloxide, Benzyl oxide, BENZYL ETHER, ibenzylether, Dibenzylather, Dibenzyl ethe, plasticatorba, Benzene,1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, 1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene], Benzyl oxide, Dibenzyl ether, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), BA, NSC 5931, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene, Benzene, 1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, 1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene], Benzyl oxide, Dibenzyl ether, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), BA, NSC 5931, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene,



A colorless, nearly odorless oil, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s main use is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl ether is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae with data available.


Dibenzyl ether is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the main use of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is as a plasticizer.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is produced by treating benzyl chloride with a base.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a polymer that has been used as an additive in pharmaceutical preparations.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules and to be soluble in polyvinyl chloride.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also able to bind metal ions such as potassium and pyridoxine hydrochloride.
Store Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) away from oxidizing agents and light.
Keep Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE), also known as dibenzyl ether, is a chemical compound.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint aromatic odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s chemical structure consists of two benzyl groups (-C6H5CH2-) attached to an oxygen atom.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H14O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound with a chemical formula of C14H14O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, floral odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor., Colorless, unstable liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is immiscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has liquid a colorless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is insoluble in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of ethers.
Dibenzyl ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound with a chemical formula of C14H14O.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, floral odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a highly reactive chemical and is widely used as a reagent for organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is immiscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is liquid, Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a slightly earthy, mushroom-like odor with a rosy undertone.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a clear, almost colorless liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is insoluble in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of ethers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and it is used in wastewater treatment for the removal of methyl glycosides.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has also been shown to have biological properties when tested on human serum, as well as on benzyl and dibenzyl.
In a reaction solution, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can react with anhydrous sodium (NaOH) to form NaDBE and hydrogen gas (H2).
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) presents as a colorless, volatile liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is highly reactive and finds extensive usage as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) serves as a valuable solvent in polymer, plastic, and coating manufacturing processes, and it can also function as a fuel in specific applications.


The mechanism of action of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can be attributed to its propensity to form robust hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
These hydrogen bonds, characterized by their strength, enable Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) to act as a catalyst in specific reactions.
In addition to its application in the fragrance industry, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s versatile nature allows it to serve as a key ingredient in the production of resins, plastics, and polymers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s molecular structure and functional groups make it a valuable component in a wide range of chemical reactions.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is soluble in alcohol and ether, providing easy integration into formulations with these solvents.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s compatibility with commonly used solvents allows for smooth blending and enhances its versatility in different applications.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) exhibits a boiling point of 297-298 °C and a low melting point of -24.5 °C.
These physical properties facilitate Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s handling and usage in various industrial processes.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s density of 1.046 g/mL at 25 °C and refractive index of n20/D 1.548 further contribute to its desirable application characteristics.
These properties of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) assist in accurate measurements and formulation adjustments during the production process.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.|Liquid|Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been detected, but not quantified in, dills (Anethum graveolens).
This could make Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Dibenzyl ether.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations by gravimetric analysis.
The molecular weight of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can be determined by measuring the increase in weight of the polymer after exposure to hydrogen plasma.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been found to have a low degree of splay and good solubility properties.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor and is commonly used as a solvent, plasticizer, and intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential biological activity and applications in various fields.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is utilized as a solvent for various reactions in organic synthesis.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) serves as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and other chemicals.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as special solvent and delustering agent for textiles.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used plasticizer for nitrocellulose; solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) was used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a highly reactive chemical and is widely used as a reagent for organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a solvent in the production of polymers, plastics, and coatings.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a fuel in some applications.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and it is used in wastewater treatment for the removal of methyl glycosides.
Dibenzyl ether has also been shown to have biological properties when tested on human serum, as well as on benzyl and dibenzyl.


In a reaction solution, Dibenzyl ether can react with anhydrous sodium (NaOH) to form NaDBE and hydrogen gas (H2).
X-ray diffraction data shows that Dibenzyl ether contains nitrogen atoms.
Structural analysis reveals that the molecule consists of two benzene rings connected by two ethylene bridges.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a solvent in the production of polymers, plastics, and coatings.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a fuel in some applications.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as special solvent and delustering agent for textiles.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used plasticizer for nitrocellulose; solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) and is widely used in the production of fragrances, perfumes, and personal care products due to its pleasant aromatic odor.


With its aromatic fragrance, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) finds extensive use in the production of perfumes, colognes, and other personal care products.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s unique scent contributes to the overall appeal, providing a pleasing sensory experience to the users.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a solvent for resins, rubbers, waxes, and artificial musk
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is applied to daily fragrance and food flavor.



FEATURES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a high boiling point (around 303°C), making it useful in high-temperature reactions.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is relatively stable under normal conditions and can withstand certain reaction conditions.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a slightly earthy, mushroom-like odor with a rosy undertone.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a clear, almost colorless liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water.



SOLUBILITY OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and acetone.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
*Dialkyl ethers
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
*Benzylether
*Ether
*Dialkyl ether
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PURIFICATION METHODS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Reflux the ether over sodium, then distil Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) under reduced pressure.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) been purified by fractional freezing.



SYNTHESIS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is formed when benzyl alcohol is heated with strong acids or bases.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is produced almost exclusively by the alkaline hydrolysis of benzyl chloride.
Heat treatment decomposes Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) into benzaldehyde and toluene.



PREPARATION OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a by-product in the preparation of benzyl alcohol by hydrolysis of benzyl chloride; by using a concentrated caustic instead of carbonate, yields can be improved to 50% or higher.



KEY FEATURES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Molecular formula: C14H14O
Colorless liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor
Soluble in alcohol and ether
Boiling point: 297-298 °C
Melting point: -24.5 °C
Flash point: 140 °C
Density: 1.046 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.548
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is renowned for its exceptional purity, making it a popular choice in the food and flavor industry.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) complies with the highest quality standards and regulations, ensuring its safety and suitability for various applications.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
CAS Number: 103-50-4
Molecular Weight: 198.26
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Chemical formula: C14H14O
Molecular Weight: 198.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 137
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 1911156
MDL: MFCD00004780
CoE Number: 11856
XlogP3: 3.30 (est)
Molecular Weight: 198.26478000
Formula: C14 H14 O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Molecular Formula: C14H14O

Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChIKey: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 298 ℃
Melting Point: 1.5-3.5°C
Flash Point: 135°C
Density: 1.04 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Appearance: Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 203-118-2
Log P: 3.40340
MDL: MFCD00004780

Refractive Index: 1.561-1.563
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Pressure:1 mmHg at 77 °F ; 4 mmHg at 122 °F; 31 mmHg at 203 °F
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų

Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Experimental Properties:
Liquid molar volume = 0.190344 cu m/kmol
Air and Water Reactions:
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.
Insoluble in water.
Solubility Information: Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Miscible with ethanol,ether,chloroform and acetone.
Formula Weight: 198.27
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Dibenzyl ether
Density: 1.043 (204 c)

Practically Insoluble: in water
Specific gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 297.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 3.31
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 %
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C
Odor: sweet fruity cherry earthy mushroom rose plastic
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Density: 6.8
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC
Odor Type: earthy
Molecular weight: 198.28
Color: colorless to pale yellow unstable liquid

Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min.97%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.041-1.043
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.561-1.563
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Exact Mass: 198.26
BRN: 1911156
EC Number: 203-118-2
UNII: 2O6CNO27RJ
NSC Number: 5931
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5025819
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID|VERY PALE YELLOW
HScode 2909309090
PSA: 9.2
XLogP3: 3.3

Appearance: Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid
Density: 0.99735 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: 3.6 °C
Boiling Point: 298 °C
Flash Point: 275 °F
Refractive Index: 1.569
Water Solubility: H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C.
Vapor Pressure: 1.03X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Vapor Density: 6.84 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
Odor: FAINT, ALMOND ODOR
Taste: MUSHROOM TASTE
Reactive Group: Ethers
Reactivity Alerts Peroxidizable Compound
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5

pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filte: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H14O
IUPAC name: [(benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChI Key: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Isomeric SMILES: C(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 198.2604
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 198.10446507
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.646 to 8.687
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 6.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.310
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: cream, lipstick, non-discoloring in most media, shampoo, soap
Physical state: clear, liquid

Color: colorless
Odor: fruity
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1,5 - 3,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 298 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 137 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3,71 mPa.s at 35 °C
Water solubility: 0,042 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,31 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,043 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 3°C to 4°C
Density: 1.04
Boiling Point: 298°C
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F)
Refractive Index: 1.562
UN Number: UN3082
Beilstein: 1911156
Merck Index: 14,1132



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


DIBUTYL MALEATE
Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.
Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.

CAS Number: 105-76-0
EC Number: 203-328-4
Molecular Formula: C12h20o4
Molecular Weight: 228.29

Synonyms: 105-76-0, Butyl maleate, Staflex DBM, RC Comonomer DBM, Maleic acid, dibutyl ester, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, Maleic Acid Dibutyl Ester, di-n-Butyl maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, dibutyl ester, UNII-4X371TMK9K, Dibutylmaleate, PX-504, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove, MFCD00009447, 4X371TMK9K, Dibutyl maleate, 105-76-0, Butyl maleate, Staflex DBM, RC Comonomer DBM, Maleic acid, dibutyl ester, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, di-n-Butyl maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester, Maleic Acid Dibutyl Ester, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, dibutyl ester, Dibutylmaleate, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, PX-504, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove, maleic acid di-n-butyl ester, 4X371TMK9K, DTXSID3026724, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, 1,4-dibutyl ester, NSC-6711, DBM (VAN), CCRIS 4136, NSC 6711, EINECS 203-328-4, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove [Czech], BRN 1726634, UNII-4X371TMK9K, Bibutyl maleate, AI3-00644, Bisomer DBM, Octomer DBM, MFCD00009447, Dibutyl maleate, 96%, VINAVIL CF 5, bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)maleate, EC 203-328-4, SCHEMBL28153, BUTYL MALEATE [INCI], MLS000515953, WLN: 4OV1U1VO4-C, dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, DTXCID206724, CHEMBL1466826, Dibutyl (2Z)-2-butenedioate #, NSC6711, HMS2270N17, Tox21_200779, 1,4-dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, AKOS015950672, CS-W010404, HY-W009688, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, cis-, NCGC00164013-01, NCGC00164013-02, NCGC00258333-01, CAS-105-76-0, SMR000112422, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, (2Z)-, M0009, D78204, W-108779, Q27260622, 29014-72-0,

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate chemical is also used in organic synthesis, like the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless liquid with a characteristic "ester" odor.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a derivative of butyl maleate.
Dibutyl maleate’s an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Dibutyl maleate is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Dibutyl maleate is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dibutyl maleate transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Dibutyl maleate contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Dibutyl maleate is acts as a plasticizer.

Dibutyl maleate is also known as Maleic Acid or Dibutylester.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.

Dibutyl maleate has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Dibutyl maleate is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Dibutyl maleate is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.
Another common application is Dibutyl maleate use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.

Dibutyl maleate is suitable for vinyl resins and copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in paints.
Dibutyl maleate is used in plastisols, dispersions and coatings.

Dibutyl maleate is also known as Maleic Acid or Dibutylester.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.

Dibutyl maleate has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Dibutyl maleate is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Butyl maleates are ester compounds with a wide range of properties.
There are five main derivatives of butyl maleate-.

These derivatives have a wide range of applications, not limiting to, from the polymer industry to the pharmaceutical industry.
Dibutyl maleate popularly known as DBM is the most widely used compound among butyl maleates.

Dibutyl maleate is a synthetic colorless organic chemical with a characteristic odor.
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used in the manufacturing of adhesives, paints, copolymers & films, finishing agents, and cosmetics.
The global market is expected to increase as the production of polymers & other derivatives of Dibutyl maleate are increasing.

Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.
With the invention of polyaspartic technology Dibutyl maleate found another use.

In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate - usually diethyl maleate but also Dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.
The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.

Dibutyl maleate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibutyl maleate is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.

Dibutyl maleate is a chemical that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
Dibutyl maleate is a glycol ether and an alkanoic acid.

Dibutyl maleate has been shown to be effective at removing p-hydroxybenzoic acid from water samples.
Dibutyl maleate reacts with the p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form an ester and glycol, which can be removed from the solution by extraction with organic solvents.
Dibutyl maleate has also been found to have high resistance against human serum, making Dibutyl maleate useful for sample preparation prior to analysis by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate is also used in organic synthesis for the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a known skin irritant and allergen, causing dermatitis on contact.
Dibutyl maleate apparently facilitates the trafficking of FITC-presenting CD11c(+) dendritic cells from the skin to draining lymph nodes and increases the cytokine production by draining lymph nodes.

Dibutyl maleate it’s a derivative of butyl maleate.
Dibutyl maleate an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Dibutyl maleate is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Dibutyl maleate is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dibutyl maleate transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Dibutyl maleate contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Dibutyl maleate is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Other applications of Dibutyl maleate include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Uses of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate is used in the preparation of lactones, which is used for the synthesis of antibacterial compounds.
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.

With the invention of polyaspartic technology Dibutyl maleate found another use.
In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate usually diethyl maleate but also Dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.

The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.
Dibutyl maleate is widely used as a liquid plasticizer for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC, plastisols and vinyl acetates for paints, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Dibutyl maleate is used in various resins and in the preparation of emulsions for the paper industry, textile and lubricant additives.
Dibutyl maleate is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Dibutyl maleate offers excellent rheological properties, and Dibutyl maleate can improve adhesion, flexibility and waterproofing in inks and paints.

Dibutyl maleate also improves the UV filtration power.
Hydrophobicity and water resistance of the PVAc latex films were increased by using Dibutyl maleate as comonomer.
Dibutyl maleate is used in synthesis resin and dope material, and is used in petroleum industry, fabric, plastic, and paper industrial dipping agent, dispersive agent, adhesive, accelerant, pesticide, surface active agent and others.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibutyl maleate is used in the following products: polymers.
Dibutyl maleate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dibutyl maleate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Dibutyl maleate can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of Dibutyl maleate.

Industry Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Consumer Uses:
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Applications of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, liquid plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Dubutyl Maleate is also used as a comonomer in paints and adhesives for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization.
Other applications of Dibutyl maleate include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Dibutyl maleate is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Another common application is Dibutyl maleate use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.
Dibutyl maleate is widely used as a plasticizer in vinyl resins.

About 90% of the global plasticizers produce are used for the manufacturing of PVC as plasticizers improve flexibility and durability.
Dibutyl maleate is used in paints to improve the stability of paint towards water & ultraviolet light.

The demand for Dibutyl maleate from the paints & coating industry is expected to grow as demand for water-resistant paints & coatings is increasing.
The construction projects in developing economies will also further increase the demand for such paints & coatings.

Dibutyl maleate is now being used in the cosmetic industry as well.
Dibutyl maleate acts as an SPF enhancer in skincare products and hair flexibility & gloss enhancer in hair products.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a co-monomer with vinyl acetate monomer in polymer emulsion to improve the properties.
Dibutyl maleate reduces the hardness and brittleness in resulting polymers.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a co-monomer in acrylic emulsions for the manufacturing of various adhesives and resins including food-grade additives.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in the production of derivatives of succinic acid, whose global production is expected to grow over 10% annually.

Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry.
The changing prices of raw materials and the development of new eco-friendly coatings can reduce the market of Dibutyl maleate.

Dibutyl maleate is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Preparation of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate can be prepared by the reaction of maleic acid anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.

Apperance of Dibutyl maleate:
clear colourless to slightly yellowish liquid

Physical state of Dibutyl maleate:
Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid

Function of Dibutyl maleate:
Plasticizers

Classification of Dibutyl maleate:
Plasticizers
Industrial Chemicals

Handling and storage of Dibutyl maleate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and reactivity of Dibutyl maleate:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

increased reactivity with:
Strong oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First aid measures of Dibutyl maleate:

General advice:
Show Dibutyl maleate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Dibutyl maleate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Foam Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Dibutyl maleate:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dibutyl maleate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergencyprocedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Dibutyl maleate:
CAS Number: 105-76-0
3DMet: CCCCOC(=O)/C=C\C(=O)OCCCC
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1466826
ChemSpider: 4436356
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.027
EC Number: 203-328-4
MeSH: maleate Dibutyl maleate
PubChem CID: 5271569
UNII: 4X371TMK9K
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3026724
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H20O4/c1-3-5-9-15-11(13)7-8-12(14)16-10-6-4-2/h7-8H,3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3/b8-7-
Key: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N
SMILES: CCCCOC(=O)/C=C\C(=O)OCCCC

Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3OCOCH=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3
CAS Number: 105-76-0
Molecular Weight: 228.28
Beilstein: 1726634
EC Number: 203-328-4
MDL number: MFCD00009447
PubChem Substance ID: 24893895
NACRES: NA.22

CAS No.: 105-76-0
Chemical Name: Dibutyl maleate
CBNumber: CB9673524
Molecular Formula: C12H20O4
Molecular Weight: 228.28
MDL Number: MFCD00009447
MOL File: 105-76-0.mol

Properties of Dibutyl maleate:
Chemical formula: C12H20O4
Molar mass: 228.288 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish liquid with a characteristic odor
Density: 0.99 g·cm−3
Melting point: −85 °C (−121 °F; 188 K)
Boiling point: 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
Solubility in water: Very hardly soluble (0.17 g·l−1 at 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.0027 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.445 (20 °C)

Melting point: -85°C
Boiling point: 281 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.988 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.0027 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 0.17g/l slightly soluble
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to light yellow
explosive limit: 0.5-3.4%(V)
Water Solubility: insoluble
FreezingPoint: <-85℃
BRN: 1726634
LogP: 3.39 at 25℃

Quality Level: 200
assay: 96%
refractive index: n20/D 1.445 (lit.)
Boiling Point: 281 °C (lit.)
density: 0.988 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: [H]C(=C(/[H])C(=O)OCCCC)C(=O)OCCCC
InChI: 1S/C12H20O4/c1-3-5-9-15-11(13)7-8-12(14)16-10-6-4-2/h7-8H,3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3/b8-7-
InChI key: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N

Molecular Weight: 228.29
Molecular Formula: C12H20O4
InChIKey: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N
Boiling Point: 161 °C
Melting Point: -85 °C
Flash Point: 140 °C
Purity: 95%
Density: 0.99 (23°C)

Molecular Weight: 228.28 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 16
Complexity: 209
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Dibutyl maleate:
Melting Point: -85°C
Color: Colorless
Boiling Point: 161°C
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 228.29
Percent Purity: ≥95.0% (GC)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Dibutyl maleate

Related Products of Dibutyl maleate:
5,5-Dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one
2,2-Dimethylchroman
4-(2-(2-((1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine
2-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]acetic Acid Methyl Ester
4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one

Names of Dibutyl maleate:

Regulatory process names:
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate

IUPAC names:
1,4-dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-,dibutyl ester
Di-n-butyl maleate
dibutyl (E)-but-2-enedioate
dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate
dibutyl but-2-enedioate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate

Trade names:
2-Butendisaeure (Z)-
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester
DBM
Di-n-butyl maleinate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl-ester
Dibutylmaleinat
Maleic acid, dibutyl ester
Maleinsaeure-di-n-butylester
Maleinsaeuredibutylester

Other names:
Maleic acid dibutyl ester
DBM

Other identifiers:
105-76-0
193362-56-0
220713-30-4
57343-98-3
77223-90-6
79725-21-6
DIBUTYL OXALATE
Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane; 2,2-Dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxastannepin-4,7-dione; Dibutylzinndilaurat; Dilaurato de dibutilestaño; Dilaurate de dibutylétain; Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy) Tin; Dibutyltin didodecanoate; Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane; Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane CAS NO:77-58-7
DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE)
DESCRIPTION:
Dibutyltin di(laurate) (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)2.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is used as a catalyst .


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number: 201-039-8
Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2Sn[OCO(CH2)10CH3]2
Molecular Weight: 631.56


SYNONYMS OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Butynorate,Davainex[1],DBTDL,DBTL[1],Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin[1],Dibutylstannylene dilaurate[1],Dibutyltin didodecanoate[1],Dibutyltindilaurate,Lauric acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester[1]Stabilizer D-22[1],T 12 (catalyst)[1]Tinostat[1]DIBUTYLSTANNYLENE DILAURATEDIBUTYLTIN DIDODECANOATEDibutyltin dilaurateDibutyltin laurateLAURIC ACID, DIBUTYLSTANNYLENE SALTTIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

According to some authors, this compound is a dibutyltin(IV) ester of lauric acid.

Dibutyltin di(laurate), also known as dibutyltin didodecanoate, is a dibutyltin laurate hydroxide intermediate that is commonly used as a catalyst.

Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also used in the transesterification reaction. [1]


DECOMPOSITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C[2]), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.


USES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is used as a paint additive.[1]
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.

Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride,[ vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.[1]
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.


APPLICATIONS OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in:
The synthesis of polyurethane (PU) and polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) prepolymers and lignin urethane.
A protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates



BENEFITS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYSTS FOR POLYURETHANE COATINGS:
Dibutyltin di(laurate) improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
This catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.



FEATURES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is Suitable to accelerate the cross-linking process of solvent-based two-component PU coatings
Dibutyltin di(laurate) Improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water

Dibutyltin di(laurate) Enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties
Dibutyltin di(laurate) Can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Chemical formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass 631.570 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor Fatty[2]
Density 1.066 g/cm3[2]
Melting point 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K) [1]
Boiling point 205 °C at 1.3 kPa[1][2]
Solubility in water Practically insoluble (0.00143 g/l at 68 °F (20 °C))[1][2]
Solubility Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure Refractive index (nD) 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)[1]
Viscosity 42 cP[1]
vapor pressure
0.2 mmHg ( 160 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
95%
refractive index
n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
density
1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC
InChI
1S/2C12H24O2.2C4H9.Sn/c2*1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14;2*1-3-4-2;/h2*2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14);2*1,3-4H2,2H3;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InChI key
UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CAS number 77-58-7
CE number 201-039-8
Formula de Hill C₃₂H₆₄O₄Sn
Molar Mass 631.56 g/mol
Code SH 2931 90 49
Boiling point >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 191 °C
Ignition temperature >200 °C
Fusion point 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure Solubility


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



DIBUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE
Dibutyltin dichloride (usually referred to simply as DBTC) is an organotin substance that appears colorless to slightly yellowish-brownish at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dichloride is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether and alcohols but is very difficult to dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin dichloride is flammable, low volatile and has a pungent odor.

CAS Number: 683-18-1
EC Number: 211-670-0
Chemical Formula: (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂SnCl₂
Molar Mass: 303.83 g/mol

DIBUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, 683-18-1, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Di-n-butyltin dichloride, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutyltin chloride, dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, Dichlorodibutyltin, Dichlorodibutylstannane, Dibutyl tin dichloride, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, UNII-J4AQN88R8P, Stannane, dibutyldichloro, J4AQN88R8P, DSSTox_CID_7292, DSSTox_RID_78390, DSSTox_GSID_27292, Dibutylstannium dichloride, C8H18Cl2Sn, Tin, dibutyl-, dichloride, CAS-683-18-1, CCRIS 6321, HSDB 6071, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, NSC 2604, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, EINECS 211-670-0, dibutyl tin chloride, MFCD00000518, Bu2SnCl2, dibutyl-tin-dichloride, (DBTC), EC 211-670-0, Dibutyltin dichloride, 96%, SCHEMBL37123, dibutyl-bis(chloranyl)stannane, D.B.T.C., WLN: G-SN-G4&4, DTXSID8027292, NSC2604, NSC-2604, Tox21_201675, Tox21_303112, AKOS015839512, ZINC169743073, NCGC00164348-01, NCGC00164348-02, NCGC00164348-03, NCGC00257160-01, NCGC00259224-01, M266, NCI60_002078, DB-055133, FT-0632794, D95356, Dibutyltin dichloride, purum, >=97.0% (AT), A836096, Q18411326, 211-670-0, 683-18-1, Dibutyl(dichlor)stannan, Dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, Dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutyltin dichloride, J4AQN88R8P, MFCD00000518, Stannane, dibutyldichloro, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, WH7100000, [683-18-1], Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, D.B.T.C., DBTC dichloride, Dibutyl dichloro tin, Dibutyl tin dichloride, Dibutyl(dichlor)stannan, dibutyl-dichlorostannane, dibutyl-dichloro-stannane, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutylstannium dichloride, Dibutyltin chloride, Dibutyltin dichloride 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane, dibutyltin(2+) and dichloride, dibutyltindichloride, Dibutyltin-dichloride, Dibutyltin-dichloride 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane, Dibutyltin-dichloride 10 µg/mL in Cyclohexane, Dichlorodibutylstannane, DICHLORODIBUTYLTIN, Di-n-butyldichlorostannane, DI-n-BUTYLDICHLOROTIN, DI-N-BUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, Di-n-butyltin Dichloride, 1000 mg/L, 1 ml (RM, ISO GUIDE 34), Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, EINECS 211-670-0, NCGC00164348-01, stannane, dichlorodibutyl-, Tin, dibutyl-, dichloride, TL8004797, UNII:J4AQN88R8P, UNII-J4AQN88R8P, WLN: G-SN-G4&4, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dinbutyltindichloride, chloriddi-n-butylcinicity, chloriddi-n-butylcinicity, dibutyldichloro-stannan, dibutylstanniumdichloride, dibutyl-tidichloride, dibutyltinchloride, dichlorodibutylstannane, dichlorodibutyltin, Di-n-butyldichlorotin, dibutyl(dichloro)stannane

Dibutyltin dichloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 tonnes per annum.
Dibutyltin dichloride is used in articles, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dibutyltin dichloride (usually referred to simply as DBTC) is an organotin substance that appears colorless to slightly yellowish-brownish at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dichloride is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether and alcohols but is very difficult to dissolve in water.
Decomposition (hydrolysis) occurs in hot water.

Dibutyltin dichloride is flammable, low volatile and has a pungent odor.

Produced by reacting tetrabutyltin with tin(IV) chloride, Dibutyltin dichloride is a catalyst and stabilizer with a wide range of applications and even acts as a fungicide.

Dibutyltin Dichloride is a chemical compound comprising two bromine atoms and two chlorine atoms.
Dibutyltin dichloride is a colorless and odorless substance, with relatively low toxicity.

Dibutyltin dichloride serves as a catalyst for the production of polymeric materials, as well as lubricants and other industrial products.
Dibutyltin Dichloride has been proposed as an enzyme inhibitor, offering insight into Dibutyltin dichloride is impact on polymer synthesis and organic compound production.

Hydrolysis products of dibutyltin dichlorides:
The hydrolysis of di-s-butyltin dichloride yields similar products to those found for the di-n-butyl compound whereas the hydrolysis behaviour of di-t-butyltin dichloride is markedly different.
Distannoxanes are not found in the latter case but instead di-t-butyltin hydroxide chloride is obtained.
Under strongly basic conditions di-t-butyltin oxide is formed which has unusual structural properties and can easily be converted into a ‘dihydroxide'.

Variants of Dibutyltin dichloride:

In addition to the normal Dibutyltin dichloride, BNT also offers dibutyltin dichloride in various versions:
In DIDP solution (diisodecyl phthalate) as a catalyst for adhesives based on polyurethane and for silicone sealants; or in xylene as a catalyst for the production of silicones.

BNT-CAT 410:
Dibutyltin dichloride from the production of BNT is shipped in polyethylene-lined drums of 30 liters or in barrels of 205 liters.
In the closed original packaging, Dibutyltin dichloride has a minimum shelf life of 6 months without loss of quality.

BNT-CAT 411:
BNT-CAT 411 (dibutyltin dichloride in DIDP solution) is liquid at room temperature and colorless to slightly yellowish.
Crystallizations can occur below 10°C, which is why Dibutyltin dichloride must be heated to 35 to 40°C before use and a sample must be taken to determine the homogeneity.

BNT-CAT 411 is supplied in polyethylene-lined drums and can be stored in the sealed, original containers at storage temperatures above 20°C for at least 6 months without quality deviations.
If the temperature is or has been lower, Dibutyltin dichloride may need to be heated for homogenization.

BNT-CAT 413:
BNT-CAT 413 is a colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Dibutyltin dichloride is not or only slightly miscible with water.

BNT-CAT 413 is shipped in steel cans with a polyethylene lining.
If the original packaging remains closed, Dibutyltin dichloride can be stored for at least 6 months without loss of quality (storage temperature > 0°C).

If stored at a temperature below 0°C, crystallization may occur.
To homogenize the product again, Dibutyltin dichloride must be heated at 35 to 40°C for approx. 30 minutes before use.

Application Fields of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride areas of application are diverse, ranging from intermediate products for the production of other tin compounds to being the decisive component of important end applications on the other.

Dibutyltin dichloride is for example, a precursor substance from which a number of other tin compounds are made, including products for coating container glass bottles.
Dibutyltin dichloride serves as a processing aid, process regulator and ion exchanger.

As a catalytic active ingredient, Dibutyltin dichloride is used in esterification reactions, the production of silicones and polyurethanes, foam plastics, adhesives or sealants.
In this way, dibutyltin dichloride is used in a wide variety of end products: thermal insulation and coatings, food packaging, medical devices or electronics.
In silicones, Dibutyltin dichloride finds its way into sealants, paper coatings and even dental products.

For the modification of synthetic rubbers, Dibutyltin dichloride is a reactive process additive that improves the solubility of the soot black additives in the compound.

Another area in which Dibutyltin dichloride is processed is the light and heat stabilization of PVC plastics.
Concentrations between 0.3% and about 3% are common here. End-use applications include, for example, packaging materials or textile products.

Uses of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride is used as organotin intermediate, a general-purpose stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, an esterification catalyst, and a veterinary vermicide and tapeworm remedy.
Dialkyltin compounds are the best general-purpose stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, esp if colorlessness and transparency are required.
Dibutyltin as well as monobutyltins are used increasingly as esterification catalysts for the mfr of organic esters used in plasticizers, lubricants, & heat-transfer fluids.

Industry Uses:

Intermediates:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Properties of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride is a flammable, slightly volatile, white to yellow solid with a pungent odor, which is very sparingly soluble in water and slowly decomposes in Dibutyltin dichloride.
Dibutyltin dichloride has a dipole moment of 4.38 Debye in benzene.

Manufacturing Methods of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Prepared by any of 3 different reactions, (Grignard, Wurtz-Fittig, or aluminum exchange) all of which employ tin tetrachloride as a reactant in a two-step synthesis that first produces tetrabutyltin as an intermediate.

Dibutyltin dichloride is mfr by Kocheshkov redistribution from crude tetrabutyltin and stannic chloride and usually is catalyzed with aluminum trichloride.

General Manufacturing Information of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing

With regard to heat stabilizing efficacy, Dibutyltin dichloride is generally accepted that the dialkyltin compounds containing 2 anionic substituents are better than either the monoalkyl- or trialkyltin derivatives.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Dibutyltin dichloride:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Teratogens:
An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

Immunosuppressive Agents:
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action.
Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS.
While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Handling and storage of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Storage conditions:
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1A: Combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

Stability and reactivity of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Dibutyltin dichloride is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with: Oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Heat.
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First aid measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Dibutyltin dichloride safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.

In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.
Do not attempt to neutralise.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Tin/tin oxides
Combustible.

Fire may cause evolution of:
Hydrogen chloride gas
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.

Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid generation and inhalation of dusts in all circumstances.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Disposal Methods:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Preventive Measures:
If employees' clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.
Clothing contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be placed in closed containers for storage until Dibutyltin dichloride can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of contaminant from the clothing.

If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the contaminant, the person performing the operation should be informed of contaminant's hazard properties.
Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be removed promptly & not reworn until the contaminant is removed.

Where exposure of an employee's body to dibutyltin dichloride or liquids containing dibutyltin dichloride may occur, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use.
Skin that becomes contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water to remove any contaminant.

Workers subject to skin contact with solid dibutyltin dichloride should wash with soap or mild detergent & water any areas of the body that may have contacted any contaminant at the end of each work day.
Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where dibutyltin dichloride is handled, processed, or stored.
Employees who handle dibutyltin dichloride should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent & water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.

Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing.
Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.
All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Wherever possible, safer substitutes should be used in the place of alkyltin compounds.
When Dibutyltin dichloride is necessary to make and use them handling should be done in enclosed systems equipped with exhaust ventilation.

Engineering control should ensure that exposure limits are not exceeded.
Personal protective equipment should be worn, & in appropriate circumstances respiratory protection should be used.
Emergency showers should be installed to allow workers to wash immediately after splashes.

Identifiers of Dibutyltin dichloride:
CAS number: 683-18-1
EC index number: 050-022-00-X
EC number: 211-670-0
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₈Cl₂Sn
Chemical formula: (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂SnCl₂
Molar Mass: 303.83 g/mol
HS Code: 2931 90 00

Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2SnCl2
MDL Number: MFCD00000518
EC No.: 211-670-0
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 3535484
Pubchem CID: 12688
IUPAC Name: dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
SMILES: InChI=1S/2C4H9.2ClH.Sn/c2*1-3-4-2;;;/h2*1,3-4H2,2H3;2*1H;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InchI Identifier: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(Cl)Cl
InchI Key: RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS: 683-18-1
MDL Number: MFCD00000518
InChI Key: RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID: 12688
IUPAC Name: dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
SMILES: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(Cl)Cl

Properties of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Boiling point: 148 °C (16 hPa)
Density: 1.4 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 144 - 148 °C
Melting Point: 37 - 38 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.0016 hPa (25 °C)
Solubility: 0.32 g/l

Molecular Weight: 303.84 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 303.980759 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 303.980759 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 84.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

vapor pressure: 0.0016 hPa ( 25 °C)
Quality Level: 200
form: crystals
potency: 50 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
bp: 148 °C/16 hPa
mp: 37-38 °C
transition temp: flash point 144-148 °C
solubility: 0.32 g/L
density: 1.4 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.: 2-30°C
InChI: 1S/2C4H9.2Cl.Sn/c2*1-3-4-2;;;/h2*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;
InChI key: QBJCDRCOQAVMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Compound Formula: C8H18Cl2Sn
Molecular Weight: 303.85
Appearance: White to off-white crystals or crystalline solid
Melting Point: 37-38 °C
Boiling Point: 135-148 °C
Density: 1.43 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 0.32 g/l
Exact Mass: 303.981 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 303.981 g/mol

Specifications of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Assay (argentometric): ≥ 98.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 37 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 41 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 39.0°C to 41.0°C
Color: White to Beige
Density: 1.4000g/mL
Boiling Point: 135.0°C (10.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: 112°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 97%
Packaging: Glass bottle
Molecular Formula: C8H18Cl2Sn
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3]2SnCl2
Quantity: 250 g
Fieser: 01,213; 01,1294; 05,622
Specific Gravity: 1.4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 303.842
Formula Weight: 303.83
Percent Purity: 97%
Physical Form: Crystalline Low Melting Solid
Chemical Name or Material: Dibutyltin dichloride

Names of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Regulatory process names:
(DBTC)
Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity
Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid
Di-n-butyltin dichloride
Dibutyldichlorostannane
Dibutyldichlorotin
Dibutylstannium dichloride
Dibutyltin chloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC)
dibutyltin dichloride; (DBTC)

Translated names:
(DBTC) (bg)
(DBTC) (da)
(DBTC) (el)
(DBTC) (es)
(DBTC) (et)
(DBTC) (fi)
(DBTC) (fr)
(DBTC) (hr)
(DBTC) (hu)
(DBTC) (it)
(DBTC) (lt)
(DBTC) (lv)
(DBTC) (mt)
(DBTC) (nl)
(DBTC) (no)
(DBTC) (pl)
(DBTC) (pt)
(DBTC) (ro)
(DBTC) (sk)
(DBTC) (sl)
(DBTC) (sv)
DBTC (cs)
dibutil-ón-diklorid (hu)
dibutilalavo dichloridas (lt)
dibutilalvas dihlorīds (lv)
dibutilkositrov diklorid (hr)
dibutilkositrov diklorid (sl)
dibutylcíndichlorid (cs)
dibutyldichlórstanán (sk)
dibutyltenndiklorid (sv)
dibutyltin dichloride (mt)
dibutyltindichlorid (da)
dibutyltindichloride (nl)
dibutyltinndiklorid (no)
Dibutylzinnchlorid (de)
Dibutylzinndichlorid (de)
Dibutyylitinadikloridi (fi)
dibutüültinadikloriid (et)
dichlorek dibutylocyny (pl)
dichlorure de dibutylétain;(DBTC) (fr)
dicloreto de dibutilestanho (pt)
dicloruro de dibutilestaño (es)
dicloruro di dibutilstagno (it)
diclorură de dibutil staniu (ro)
χλωριούχος διβουτυλοκασσίτερος (el)
дибутилкалаен дихлорид (bg)

CAS names:
Stannane, dibutyldichloro-

IUPAC names:
dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
dibutylstannanebis(ylium) dichloride
Dibutyltin Dichloride
dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
Stannane, dibutyldichloro-

Trade names:
Axion CS 2430
DBTCl
DIBUTYLDICHLOROSTANNANE
dibutyltindichloride; (DBTC)
Tin dibutyl-dichloride

Other name:
DBTC
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE = DBTDL = [DIBUTYL(DODECANOYLOXY)STANNYL] DODECANOATE


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number: 201-039-8
MDL number: MFCD00008963
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn / (C4H9)2Sn(OOC(CH2)10CH3)2



Dibutyltin dilaurate is a clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is colorless or yellowish transparent liquid


Tin content of Dibutyltin dilaurate is 18.2±0.2%.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound that is usually abbreviated to DBTL or DBTDL.
The colorless to yellowish liquid, Dibutyltin dilaurate, has an oily consistency, is extremely flammable and gives off a fatty acid-like smell.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in acetone, methanol or other organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a light yellow or colorless oily liquid, low temperature into a white crystalline powder.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, in most common solvents and various industrial plasticizer, insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent transparency, lubricity and weather resistance.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a water insoluble oily liquid which can be produced by heating lauric acid with dibutyltin oxide.


Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be produced from dibutyltin chloride and sodium laurate.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also known as di-n-butyldilauryltin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane and dibutyltin didodecanoate.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a yellow liquid which has C32H64O4Sn as chemical formula.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.


Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent transparency and lubricating property.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is resistant to weathering.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate promotes the urethane (polyol-isocyanate) reaction for the production of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives and sealants.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colourless oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two laurate groups attached to a dibutyltin(IV) center.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the carbonyl oxygen centers are weakly bonded to tin.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is light yellow transparent liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's relative density was 1. 066.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's Freezing point is 8 ℃.


Dibutyltin dilaurate's density is 1. 0425kg/L, flash point 226.7 ℃.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in acetone and benzene, insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.


Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.
Dibutyltin dilaurate compound takes on the appearance of a colourless oily liquid.


Each year, imports and manufacture of Dibutyltin dilaurate in the European Economic Area are in the order of 100 to 1000 tonnes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is PVC plastic additives, with excellent lubricity, transparency and weather resistance.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is resistance to sulfide pollution is better, but the heat resistance is poor.


Dibutyltin dilaurate acts as a primary stabilizer in soft transparent articles and as a lubricant in hard transparent articles.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a clear yellow viscous liquid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as a stabilizer of PVC, mainly used for soft and semi-soft PVC products
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a polyurethane catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used for synthesis.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, DBTDL is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in the vulcanizing cure of silicones at room temperatures.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.


Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst .
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as polyurethane foam plastic, PVC foam, silicon rubber composite material is used as a catalyst and foaming activator.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a variety of adhesives used in synthesis catalyst.


Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyzes esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and polycondensation reactions and has become the industry standard for coatings, adhesives, solvents and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride, curing agent for silicone rubber, catalyst for polyurethane foam, etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a stabilizer (polyvinyl chloride resins, vinyl resins, lacquers, and elastomers), a catalyst for urethane and silicones, and a drug (anthelmintic and coccidiostat).


Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for polyurethane coatings, inks, adhesives and sealants.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for room temperature vulcanized silica gel, adhesives, and caulking agents.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in polyurethane rigid foam, spraying, pouring, plate, etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as heat stabilizer in PVC soft products


Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for silane cross-linked products.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a polymerization catalyst used in the preparation of a variety of polymers, such as ureidopyrimidone polymer networks.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in chain extensions of certain telechelic polymers.
Dibutyl tin dilaurate is a versatile catalyst that can be used in various urethen crosslinking reaction and silanol condensation reactions.


Dibutyltin dilaurate drives the addition of alcohols with isocyanates to accelerate and complete the formation of urethanes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is stable to hydrolysis but will hydrolyze in the presence of aqueous caustic at roomtemperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is incorporated into the final product and does not require removal.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a liquid catalyst for ease of processing.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink two-component urethane coating systems for automotive, industrial and refinish coatings.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink RTV silicon systems for the caulk and sealants markets.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink polyethylene / silane co polymer systems for the wire and cable industry.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is absorbed on silica is used to crosslink urethane powder coating for exterior applications.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for curing silicones, as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in veterinary use, to treat tapeworms in chickens.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as catalyst in the production of polyurethane and curing of room temperature vulcanising silicon rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate also finds application as catalyst in the manufacture of silane-crosslinking polyolefins.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in heat stabilisers in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in soft and transparent PVC products.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a very useful catalyst for the production of urethane foams, PU foams, silicone, and other applications.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst for curing silicones, as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in veterinary use, to treat tapeworms in chickens.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as catalyst for polymerizing lactide and glycolide and isocyanate reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants and coating products.


Other release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Dibutyltin dilaurate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as heat stabilizer for PVC, curing agent for silicone rubber, catalyst for polyurethane foam, etc
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyurethane foams.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in the production of polyether and polyester based polyurethanes.
Further Dibutyltin dilaurate finds its application as catalyst in both adhesives and sealants.


Other uses of Dibutyltin dilaurate include heat stabilizer for PVC and room temperature vulcanization (RTV) of sillicone polymers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.


Dibutyltin Dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound used as a catalyst or preservative in various industrial applications.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used, for example, in the production of polyurethane.
Releases of dibutyltin dilaurate (CAS: 77-58-7) into the environment can occur on industrial sites and in the construction sector, but also in domestic use when using detergents, cleaning products, paints and adhesives.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an important PU catalyst for catalyzing the reaction of carboxyl groups with isocyanates.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also widely used in PU related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers and so on.
Effectively promote the chain growth, speed up the curing process.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also applied to PU soft and rigid foam, use with tertiary amine can improve the balance of foam and gel efficiency.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethane foam, silicone rubber curing agent.


Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of polyurethane and the curing of room temperature vulcanising silicon rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst in the production of silane-crosslinking polyolefins.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in PVC heat stabilizers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a highly reactive solvent-free catalyst for varied chemical cross-linking systems and chemical syntheses.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used for polyurethane- and silicone-syntheses as well as for PURcoatings, PUR-foams and silicone cross linking.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used for solvent-borne and solvent-free, one- and two-component polyurethane coatings, e.g. for automotive refinish coatings and industrial coatings as well as for coil- and cancoatings.
Further applications are the manufacturing of PUR-foams and silicon polymers.


-Other Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
The catalytic effect of the dibutyltin dilaurate is used in other areas, such as acrylic acid esters, the production of silica esters or alkyd resins.
For screen printing processes, print shop chemicals with Dibutyltin dilaurate content can be used.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
*PU catalyst
*PU resin reaction synthesis catalyst
*PU foam catalyst
*Polyurethane series related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers
*Soft and rigid foam


-Dibutyltin Dilaurate uses and applications include:
Heat stabilizer for vinyl resins, lacquers, elastomers; lubricant for flexible vinyls; catalyst for PU foam and silicone elastomers; catalyst for food-contact PU resins and PU resins in food packaging adhesives; plasticizer


-As PVC Stabilizer:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is only through the use of stabilizers that PVC plastics are given a durability with which they can be used economically.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has such stabilizing properties and protects the final product from heat and UV irradiation.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
PVC stabilizer products and lubricants soft PVC transparent products or semi soft products, with stearic acid barium, cadmium stearic acid and other metal soap or epoxy compound and has good lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and plasticizer compatibility, spray cream, no curing pollution, on the heat resistance and printing without adverse effects.
Such as: soft film, film, plastic shoes, PVC hose and conveyor belt.
Especially can be used as catalyst for polyurethane foam products. In rigid PVC products, this product can be used as, and maleic acid organic tin or thiol organic tin and use, improve resin fluidity.


-Polyurethane:
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst finds greatest use in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams.
In demanding applications where amine catalysis alone is inadequate, the extra activity obtained by the synergistic combination of organometallics like Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst with an amine catalyst permits the required rapid catalysis.
Examples include high-density structural foam, sprayup wall insulation and rigid boardstock run at high line speeds.
Even when used at levels as low as 0.1 phr based on polyol, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is especially effective in promoting rapid gel and tack-free times.
Tetravalent diorganotins like Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst are known throughout the industry as promoters of the reaction of isocyanates with polyols to form polyurethanes, and of the secondary crosslinking reactions to form allophonate and biuret linkages.


-Thermoplastics:
The grafted polyethylene can then be immediately crosslinked in the presence of a tin catalyst.
-Other applications:
Polyamide and phenolic resins, light and heat stabilizers.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
*Crosslinked Coatings of two- component PU for Automobile Coatings, Industrial Paint, Finish Paint .etc.
*Room Temperature Vulcanization(RTV) for Adhesive, Joint mixture
*Catalysts for Cross-linking reaction of Polyurethane and Condensation reaction of Silanol
*Heat-stabilizer of soft PVC products
*RPUF, Spraying, pouring etc
*Curing agent



PROPERTIES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a kind of catalyst with strong gel properties.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a catalyst with strong gel properties, suitable for paints and inks.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for elastomer, silicone rubber, adhesive, sealant, coating, soft and hard foam, foam forming, RIM etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC thermal stabilizer for soft and semi-soft polyvinyl chloride products, such as transparent film, PVC pipe and artificial leather.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as catalyst in silicone rubber or rubber to prevent priducts from yellowing at high temperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as catalyst for crosslinking reaction of actylate rubber and carboxyl rubber, synthesis of polyirethane foam and polyester synthesis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used in the high-density structure foam, spraying hard foam and hard foam sheet with amine catalyst together.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used photothermal stabilizer suitalbe for polyamide and phenolic resin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as an effective lubricant in hard transparent products.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless to yellow liquid, low-temperature white crystals.

Dibutyltin dilaurate soluble in the most common ,such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether and other solvents and various industrial plasticizers, Dibutyltin dilaurate is insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate promotes rapid gelation and tack-free times.

Dibutyltin dilaurate improves mechanical properties in molded and slabstock foams.
Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates the chemical reactions of syntheses processes and technical applications, based on chemical reactive groups, especially polyol- and isocyanate-groups.

This allows optimal control of cross linking reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurateensures fast blocking stability and earlier processing of polyurethane coatings (provides increased film hardness, earlier chemical resistance and allows earlier sanding of the coating).

The use of Dibutyltin dilaurate in stoving enamels results in lower reaction temperatures or reduced reaction time, even for systems formulated with blocked reaction components.
In case of special silicones, Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates the cross linking of individual components and enables to build-up a certain required polymer structure.



DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE AS CATALYST FOR SILICONES:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a universally applicable catalyst for the crosslinking of cold vulcanizing silicone rubbers and silane-modified polymers and is widely used: from “construction market” silicone for sealing tiles at home to industrial applications such as in the production of cables, cast resin systems or RTV sealants used in the automotive industry.
Two modes of action are possible:

The DBTL catalyst supports the curing of room temperature crosslinking silicone rubbers.
Exposed to the air, the ambient humidity reacts with the tin compound and the silicone mass solidifies.
Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates this reaction and provides better processing properties.
Alternatively used two-component silicones harden not only by contact with the humidity, but require a second reaction partner to be supplied.



DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE AS CATALYST FOR POLYURETHANE SYSTEMS:
Another application of dibutyltin dilaurate is the production of polyurethanes for a wide variety of end applications: hard foams, sealants, adhesives, paints and coatings or large floors, ….
As an additive, DBTL accelerates the connection of the individual reaction partners in order to reduce the curing time.
For example, it is a common crosslinking catalyst that can be used for 2-component urethanes in the automotive industry or for other industrial applications, such as the coating of tanks, pipelines or floor coverings.

On silica adsorbed, DBTL is used in urethane-based powder coatings for areas that have to withstand high weather loads.
Soft and solid PU foams are a standard solution for plastic molded parts that have to withstand loads in everyday life, such as seats or cladding.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also a widely used gelling catalyst.
The application possibilities also include elastomers.



PREPARATION METHOD of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
ethyl iodide is produced by the reaction of butanol with iodine and phosphorus.
Iodoethane reacts with tin powder and magnesium powder to produce iodobutyltin, which is refined and treated with caustic soda to obtain dibutyltin oxide.
Dibutyltin oxide and lauric acid are condensed at 60 °c to form dibutyltin laurate.



DECOMPOSOTION of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.



REACTIVITY of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is very stable in aqueous solution, but in alkaline solution at room temperature, hydrolysis.



ADVANTAGES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Excellent weather resistance
*Outstanding heat resistance
*Great transparency
*Odorless
*Superb catalyst reaction efficiency



COMPOUND TYPE of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Household Toxin
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Organic Compound
*Organometallic
*Synthetic Compound
*Tin Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Straight chain fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organotin compounds
*Organic salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Straight chain fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic salt
*Organotin compound
*Organooxygen compound
*Organometallic compound
*Organic post-transition metal moeity
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Chemical formula: (CH3(CH2)10CO2)Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass: 631.570 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor: Fatty
Density: 1.066 g/cm3
Melting point: 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point: 205 °C at 1.3 kPa
Solubility in water: Practically insoluble (less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (20 °C))
Solubility: Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in: petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure:
Refractive index (nD): 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)
Viscosity: 42 cP
Appearance: colorless to yellow liquid
Tin content: 17.0~19.0%
Density at 25℃: 1.06g/ml
Boiling point at 12mmHg: >205℃
Flash point, Tag closed cup: 113℃
Refractive index (25℃): 1.471
Compound Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.56
Appearance: Yellow liquid

Melting Point: 22-24 °C
Boiling Point: 205 °C
Density: 1.066 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 632.382655
Monoisotopic Mass: 632.382655
Molecular Weight: 631.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 30
Exact Mass: 632.382663
Monoisotopic Mass: 632.382663
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6 Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 37
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 477
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance: yellow liquid to paste (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.06600 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.47100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 23.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 560.00 to 561.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.120
Soluble in: water, 3 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Physical state: solid
Color: colorless, to, light yellow
Odor: fatty odor
Melting point: 28,5 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 205 °C at 130 hPa - (ECHA)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 189 - 193 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 250 °C -
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility 0,00143 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water Pow: 27.700; log Pow: 4,44 at 21 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,066 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Appearance: Yellowish oily liquid
Tin Content: 18.2
Density: 1.05±0.02
Refractive Index: 1.468±0.001
Boiling Point: >204℃/12mm
Melting Point: 22-24℃
Freezing Point: ≤8℃
Flash Point: >230℃
Volatile: ≤0.4%

Boiling point: >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 191 °C
Ignition temperature: >200 °C
Melting Point: 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility:
Formula: (C4H9)2Sn(OOC(CH2)10CH3)2 / C32H64O4Sn
Molecular mass: 631.6
Boiling point at 1.3kPa: 205°C
Melting point: 22-24°C
Vapour pressure: negligible
Solubility in water: none
Flash point: 191°C
Density (at 20°C): 1.05 g/cm³
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 4.44
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 560.5±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg

Melting Point: 22-24°C
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.558
Flash Point: 292.8±21.5 °C
Exact Mass: 632.382690
PSA: 52.60000
LogP: 17.44
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Stability: Stability Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
[Dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Butynorate
Davainex
DBTDL
DBTL
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Dibutyltindilaurate
Lauric acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
Stabilizer D-22
T 12 (catalyst)
Tinostat
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
DSSTox_CID_4961
DSSTox_RID_77599
DSSTox_GSID_24961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
DTXSID6024961
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
ZINC169743348
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane
Dibutyl bis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylzinnbislaurat
Butylzinn Dilaurat
Dibutylbis (lauroyloxy) stannan
Dibutylbis ((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannan
DBTDL
DBTL
DI-N-BUTYLDILAURYLTIN
DI-N-BUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY)STANNANE
DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY)TIN
DIBUTYLTIN DIDODECANOATE
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN(IV) DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE
DBTDL, Dabco T-12, DBTL
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Butynorate
Cata-Chek 820
DBTL
DXR 81
Davainex
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Fomrez sul-4
KS 20
Kosmos 19
Lankromark LT 173
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
Laustan-B
Mark 1038
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Neostann U 100
Ongrostab BLTM
SM 2014C
Stabilizer D-22
Stanclere DBTL
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Stavincor 1200 SN
Stavinor 1200 SN
T 12
T 12 (VAN)
T 12 (catalyst)
TN 12
TN 12 (catalyst)
TVS Tin Lau
TVS-TL 700
Therm chek 820
Thermolite T 12
Tin dibutyl dilaurate
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Tinostat
UN2788 (liquid)
UN3146 (solid)
Aids010213
Aids-010213
Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane)
dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate
Two dibutyltin dilaurate
The two butyltintwo lauricacid;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Di-n-butylin dilaurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
DBTL
BT-25
dibutyltin
dodecanoate
Dibutyltin Laurate
Dibutyltindilaurate
Dibutyltin Dilaurate
Di-n-butyldilauryltin
Di-N-Butyltin Dilaurate
Dibutyltin(Iv) Dilaurate
Dibutyltin Didodecanoate
Dibutylbis(Lauroyloxy)Tin
dibutyl(didodecyl)stannane
Dibutylbis(Lauroyloxy)Stannane










DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Nom INCI : DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of dibutyltin dilaurate are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst.

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

Dibutyltin dilaurate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and Dibutyltin dilaurate has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now it has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is toxic materials.

Stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
Catalyst for curing certain silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Production method
Dibutyltin dilaurate is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.
After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin dilaurate is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be absorbed through the skin.
It irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
It is a neurotoxin.
It can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's vapor is denser than air, so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin dilaurate emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Laustan-B
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
TN 12 (catalyst)
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Stavincor 1200 SN
KS 20
TN 12
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
DTXSID6024961
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
MFCD00008963
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
AI3-26331
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane
CAS-77-58-7
Butyl norate
Stabilizer D 22
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
LS-1710
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL)
DESCRIPTION:
Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst .


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number, 201-039-8
IUPAC Name: [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn

SYNONYMS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):

DBTDL;dbtl;t12;tn12;davainex;tinostat;butynorate;DI-N-BUTYLTIN DILAURATE;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%;bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-stannan, Di-n-butyltin dilaurate, Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane, Dibutylbis(laurato)tin, Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin, Dibutylstannylene dilaurate, Dibutyltin didodecanoate, Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate, Tin dibutyl dilaurate, Dodecanoic acid,1,1′-(dibutylstannylene) ester;Dibutyltin dilaurate;Stannane,dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Stannane,dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-;Tin,dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Lauric acid,dibutylstannylene deriv.;Butynorate;DBTL;Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin;Stabilizer D 22;Tin dibutyl dilaurate;Stanclere DBTL;Davainex;TVS Tin Lau;Dibutyltin didodecanoate;Dibutylbis(laurato)tin;Mark 1038;Tinostat;Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate;Stavinor 1200SN;Dibutylstannylene dilaurate;T 12;TVS-TL 700;Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane;Stann SB 430A;KS 20;Neostann U 100;Stanclere TL;DBTDL;Cata-Chek 820;Mark BT 18;TN 12 (catalyst);TN 12;Thermolite T 12;SM 2014C;Di-n-butyltin dilaurate;Stann BL;DXR 81;Lankromark LT 173;Ongrostab BLTM;Kosmos 19;Mark BT 11;TVS-TL 800;Advastab T 12P;BL 42A;Dabco T 12;CAT 11;SCAT 1;CAT 11 (catalyst);Fascat 4202;Metacure T 12;U 100;Meister ZL 4401;BT 18;TL 1000;ADK Stab BT 11;Nitto 8501;BT 11;Cotin 200;Tegokat 218;Thorcat 401;C 101;C 101 (stabilizer);Fomrez SUL 4;NSC 2607;Metatin 712;Jeffcat T 12;TL 1000 (catalyst);DOD-D 82727;Dabco T 12N;SD-L 101;Liocat 118;SUL 4;TL 10;TL 10 (catalyst);DBTD;TinStab BL 277;Desmorapid Z;ZT 102;Octaflow BT 71;SCAT 1W;Baerostab DBTL/C;Reatinor 932;Metatin K 712;Mark DBTL;Liocat 119;Niax T 12;CP;K 1 Type A;CP (catalyst);D 22;KS 1260;DBTL-KS 1260;Mark BT 1;Embilizer L 101;L 101;Reaxis C 218;Addocat 210;KS 120;A 201;Gleck TL;Foamate S 9;D 80;358-50-9;7428-79-7;8028-83-9;70620-28-9;125199-87-3;185915-28-0;211990-09-9;1204812-53-2;1542381-47-4;1702279-08-0;1702279-15-9;2056906-49-9
Butynorate
Davainex
dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
dibutyltin dilaurate
Tinostat
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959








Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of dibutyltin dilaurate are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, Dibutyltin dilaurate also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.


PRODUCTION METHOD OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.
After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.


DECOMPOSITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C[2]), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom

USES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For it is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.

Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin dilaurate has developed a number of modified varieties.

Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
The product is toxic materials.
Rat oral is LD50 of 175mg/kg.


Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is an organotin compound that is used as a catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colourless oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two laurate groups attached to a dibutyltin(IV) center.


Dibutyltin Dilaurate, also known as DBTDL, is an organotin compound used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from diols and isocyanates.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.




BENEFITS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYSTS FOR POLYURETHANE COATINGS:
Dibutyltin Dilaurate improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
This catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.

APPLICATIONS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Ideal applications for Dibutyltin Dilaurate include solvent-based, chemical cross-linking, two-component polyurethane systems.


FEATURES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is Suitable to accelerate the cross-linking process of solvent-based two-component PU coatings
Dibutyltin Dilaurate Improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water

Dibutyltin Dilaurate Enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties
Dibutyltin Dilaurate Can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Chemical formula, (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass, 631.570 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor, Fatty
Density, 1.066 g/cm3
Melting point, 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point, 205 °C at 1.3 kPa
Solubility in water, Practically insoluble (less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (20 °C))
Solubility, Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure, Refractive index (nD), 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)
Viscosity, 42 cP
vapor pressure
0.2 mmHg ( 160 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
95%
refractive index
n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
density
1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Metal content , Sn: 18.2 – 18.9 %
Non-volatile content , >= 95.00 % ASTM D 1644
Viscosity , A-3 to C ASTM D 2373
Specific gravity , 1.02 – 1.07 (25°C) ASTM D 1963
STORAGE
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from sources of ignition.
Store in original container.
Store in accordance with local regulations.
Keep at temperatures between 5 °C and 30 °C.
CAS number, 77-58-7
EC number, 201-039-8
Hill Formula, C₃₂H₆₄O₄Sn
Molar Mass, 631.56 g/mol
HS Code, 2931 90 00
Boiling point, >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point, 191 °C
Ignition temperature, >200 °C
Melting Point, 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure, Solubility, Molecular Weight
631.6 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
30
Exact Mass
632.382663 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
632.382663 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
37
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
477
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Melting point, 22-24°C
Boiling point, >204°C/12mm
Density, 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure, 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
refractive index, n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Flash point, >230 °F
storage temp., Store below +30°C.
solubility, <1.43mg/l
form, Oily Liquid
color, Clear pale yellow
Specific Gravity, 1.066
Water Solubility, FreezingPoint, 8℃
Merck, 14,3038
BRN, 4156980
Exposure limits, ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability, Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey, UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP, 3.120
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances, DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
FDA 21 CFR, 175.300; 177.1680
CAS DataBase Reference, 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII, L4061GMT90
EPA Substance Registry System, Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)
Boiling point, 205 °C
Density, 1.043 g/ml @ 28.50 ºC
Flash point, ± 191.00 °C
Melting point, 28.50 °C
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 4.44
Solubility in water, Insoluble (< 0.1 mg/l)
Vapour pressure, 7.7 x 10-6 Pa @ 25°C
PSA:
52.60000
XLogP3:
10.95700
Appearance:
yellow liquid
Density:
1.05 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point:
22-24 °C
Boiling Point:
205 °C @ Press: 9.8 Torr
Flash Point:
226ºC
Refractive Index:
n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Water Solubility:
H2O: Vapor Pressure:
0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Vapor Density:
21.8 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)|21.8 (Air = 1)
Toxicity:
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 175 mg/kg
Air and Water Reactions:
This compound may be sensitive to air or heat. (NTP, 1992). Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group:
Salts, Basic
Reactivity Profile:
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE is strongly reactive with many other groups. Incompatible with acids and bases. Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTL)
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Synonyms
DBTDL;Aids010213;Aids-010213;Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane);dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate;Two dibutyltin dilaurate;The two butyltintwo lauricacid;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%;Dibutyltin dilaurate;77-58-7;Di-n-butyltin dilaurate;Butynorate;Davainex;Tinostat;Stanclere DBTL;Dibutyltin laurate;Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin;Stabilizer D-22;TVS Tin Lau;DBTL;T 12 (catalyst);Dibutylbis(laurato)tin;Dibutyltin didodecanoate;Stavinor 1200 SN;Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate;Ongrostab BLTM;Fomrez sul-4;Dibutylstannylene dilaurate;Thermolite T 12;Mark 1038;Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane;Kosmos 19;Therm chek 820;Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-;TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE;Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat;Neostann U 100;Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Cata-Chek 820;Lankromark LT 173;TVS-TL 700;Dibutylstannium dilaurate;Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-;Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Laudran di-n-butylcinicity;Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt;Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.;dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate;Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-;T 12;[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate;KS 20;TN 12;Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate);Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane;Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.;DTXSID6024961;MFCD00008963;NCGC00166115-01;Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-;Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester;dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester;DTXCID404961;Laustan-B;CAS-77-58-7;Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate;TN 12 (catalyst);Stavincor 1200 SN;Mark BT 11;Mark BT 18;Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane;Butyl norate;CCRIS 4786;DXR 81;Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German];HSDB 5214;T 12 (VAN);Stabilizer D 22

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Uses
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.

In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is toxic materials.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.
Stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
Catalyst for curing certain silicones.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.

After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Hazards and Toxicity
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is combustible.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL)'s vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYST
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a catalyst.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is an organotin compound that is usually abbreviated to DBTL or DBTDL.
The colorless to yellowish liquid has an oily consistency, is extremely flammable and gives off a fatty acid-like smell.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is soluble in acetone, methanol or other organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst catalyzes esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and polycondensation reactions and has become the industry standard for coatings, adhesives, solvents and elastomers.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (77-58-7)

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.

Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now it has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.

Hazards and toxicity
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst's vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE (POLYURETHANE CATALYST)
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) (77-58-7)
It is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.

Uses
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is a neurotoxin.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is combustible.
Its vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE (POLYURETHANE CATALYST)
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.

Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) (77-58-7)
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.

Uses
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.

In hard products, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Hazards and Toxicity
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is combustible.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst)'s vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE
CALCII HYDROGENOPHOSPHAS DIHYDRICUS; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE-2-HYDRATE; CALCIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC, DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, DIBASIC; DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; PHOSPHORIC ACID CALCIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE; Calciumhydrogenphosphate,dih; Calciumhydrogenphosphate,medicinal; Phosphoricacid,calciumsalt(1:1),dihydrate; DICALCIUM PHOSPHAT; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE-2-HYDRATEEXTRA PURE, DAB, PH.; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC DIHYDRATE PH EUR; CALCIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE 98%; CalciumPhosphateDibasicDihydrateUsp; Dicalciumphosphate,precipitate; Calciumhydrogenphosphatedihyrdate,98%min CAS NO:7789-77-7
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE
DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, N° CAS : 7757-93-9 / 7789-77-7, Nom INCI : DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, Nom chimique : Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-826-1, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)
DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE
Carbonic acid,dioctyl ester; Di-n-octyl-carbonate; Kohlensaeure-di-n-octylester; Dioctyl carbonate; octyl carbonate; Dioctylcarbonat; cas no: 1680-31-5
DICAPRYLYL ETHER
DICAPRYLYL ETHER, N° CAS : 629-82-3, Nom INCI : DICAPRYLYL ETHER, Nom chimique : Dioctyl ether, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-112-6, Classification : Huile estérifiée. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. 1-(Octyloxy)octan [German] 1-(Octyloxy)octane 1-(Octyloxy)octane [French] 1,1'-Oxybisoctane 1748226 211-112-6 [EINECS] 629-82-3 [RN] 8O8 [WLN] Caprylic ether Dicaprylyl ether Di-n-octyl ether Dioctyl ether Ether, di-n-octyl- MFCD00009563 n-Dioctyl ether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis- [ACD/Index Name] Octyl ether RH8800000 [629-82-3] 1-octoxyoctane Antar [Wiki] Cetiol OE dicapryl ether Di-n-Octylether dioctylether EINECS 211-112-6 n-Octyl Ether n-Octylether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis-, octyloxyoctane TL8004344
DICAPRYLYL MALEATE
Dicaprylyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate is classified as : Emollient Skin conditioning Solvent CAS Number 2915-53-9 EINECS/ELINCS No: 220-835-6 COSING REF No: 75673 Chem/IUPAC Name: Dioctyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. Molecular Weight of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.5 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Dicaprylyl maleate 7 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 18 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Dicaprylyl maleate 52.6 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 24 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Dicaprylyl maleate 305 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Dicaprylyl maleate Is Canonicalized Yes Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. NCI name: Dicaprylyl maleate Alternative names: Bernel EsterDom, Dicaprylylmaleat Origin: Different Definition:Dioctyl maleate INCI function:Emollient, Solvent CAS-No.2915-53-9 EINECS/EILINCS-No.220-835-6 Dicaprylyl maleate is an intermediate used in several chemical production processes. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used in coating applications, and as a phthalate-free alternative to common phthalate-based plasticizers such as Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) Dicaprylyl maleate is a clear, virtually colorless liquid with an ester-like odor.Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives. Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dicaprylyl maleate transposes into the corresponding fumaric-acid dialkyl ester. Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) CAS# 142-16-5 DOWNLOAD SPECSREQUEST QUOTE PROPERTY Appearance Color Ester Content Specific Gravity Moisture UNIT APHA % % SPECIFICATION Clear 50 Maximum 98.5 Minimum 0.939-0.945 0.20 Maximum APPLICATION Dicaprylyl maleate is a maleic acid that can act as a plasticizer and is used in resins to provide elasticity and flexibility. Dicaprylyl maleate is a co-monomer which can be polymerized with vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride (PVC), acrylates as well as stearates. These types of polymerizations with Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in the production of adhesives, emulsion paints, surfactants, textile coatings and wetting agents. GRADES AVAILABLE Technical SYNONYMS Bis(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate (DEHM), Maleic Acid Di(2-ethylhexyl) Ester, Maleic Acid Dioctyl Ester
DICETYL PEROXYDICARBONATE
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat.
Storage of Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is also mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.

CAS: 26322-14-5
MF: C34H66O6
MW: 570.88
EINECS: 247-611-0

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat.
Storage of this material must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is also mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is an initiator for polymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, (meth)acrylates and HMS-PP production by reactive extrusion process.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is used in the temperature range between 45°C and 65°C.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate may be used in combination with other peroxides such as 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxyneodecanoate (Trigonox 423), Cumyl peroxyneodecanoate (Trigonox 99) or Dilauroyl peroxide (Laurox) to increase reactor efficiency.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate possesses low water solubility, low vapor pressure and is quickly and evenly distributed into the monomer.
The shelf life of the Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is 3 months.

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 52 °C
Boiling point: 592.2±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 0.936±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Water Solubility: 1μg/L at 20℃
LogP: 15.1 at 25℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate (26322-14-5)

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is a white powder with faint odor.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate presents a bulk density of 0.6 g/cm3 andmelting point of 52°C.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat and its storage must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate decomposes violently or explosively at temperatures 0–10°C owing to self-accelerating exothermic decomposition.
Several recorded explosions were due to shock, heat, or friction; amines and certain metals can cause accelerated decomposition (12d).

Uses
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is an imitator for the copolymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylates, and methacrylates.
No information was located for this compound.
Decomposition or combustion products include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hexadecanol.

Reactivity Profile
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate decomposes violently or explosively at temperatures 0-10° C.
Lowing to self-accelerating exothermic decomposition; Several explosions were due to shock, heat or friction; amines and certain metals can cause accelerated decomposition.

Synonyms
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate
26322-14-5
Perkadox 24W40
Dihexadecyl peroxydicarbonate
DIHEXADECYL PEROXODICARBONATE
Peroxydicarbonic acid, dihexadecyl ester
Peroxydicarbonic acid, C,C'-dihexadecyl ester
XE3V3NKT2E
Lupersol 216
EINECS 247-611-0
UNII-XE3V3NKT2E
hexadecoxycarbonyloxy hexadecyl carbonate
EC 247-611-0
SCHEMBL261987
DTXSID1051937
Q27293802
DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.
Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

CAS Number: 111-44-4
EC Number: 203-870-1
Chemical Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol

Dichloroethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Dichloroethyl ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and oils, and as a soil fumigant, wetting agent, cleaning compound and textile finishing agent.

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether dissolves easily in water, and some of Dichloroethyl ether will slowly evaporate to the air.

Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally.
Dichloroethyl ether is made in factories, and most of Dichloroethyl ether is used to make pesticides.
Some of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.

Dichloroethyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet pleasant or nauseating odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is denser than water and insoluble in water.

Dichloroethyl ether is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an ether.

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless non-flammable liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

Limited amounts of Dichloroethyl ether dissolve in water and also slowly evaporate into air.
In the environment, Dichloroethyl ether is broken down by bacteria in soil and water and by chemical reactions in the air, so Dichloroethyl ether does not tend to persist for long periods.

Dichloroethyl ether is a chemical compound (an ether), which contains two 2-chloroethyl groups.
Dichloroethyl ether is a clear liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dichloroethyl ether is a clear man-made liquid with a strong, fruity smell.

Dichloroethyl ether is made by industry and used as a solvent.
Solvents help dissolve other substances.
Dichloroethyl ether is used to make pesticides and other chemicals.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an obsolete fumigant.
Very little information has been published regarding Dichloroethyl ether environmental fate although Dichloroethyl ether is highly soluble in water.

Dichloroethyl ether is not highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
Dichloroethyl ether is highly toxic to mammals and Dichloroethyl ether may be considered to be a neurotoxin.

Dichloroethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Dichloroethyl ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent and soil fumigant.
Dichloroethyl ether may be used in the preparation of macrocyclic polyethers, dibenzo-18-crown-6 polyether and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 polyether.

Dichloroethyl ether is a man-made chemical that does not occur naturally.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether dissolves easily in water, and some will slowly evaporate to the air.

Dichloroethyl ether is mostly used as an intermediate to make pesticides and other chemicals.
Dichloroethyl ether can also be used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, and rust inhibitor.

In the environment, bis(2-chlorethyl) ether slowly evaporate from surface water and soil into the air.
Because bis(2-chlorethyl) ether dissolves in water, Dichloroethyl ether is removed from the air by rain creating a cycle between water, soil, and air.

Dichloroethyl ether does not stick strongly to the soil so some may move into the groundwater.
Dichloroethyl ether can be broken down by bacteria in water and soil.
Dichloroethyl ether does not build up (accumulate) in plants or animals.

Uses of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent, dewaxing agent, wetting agent, soil fumigant, and chemical intermediate.
Dichloroethyl ether is used to control earworms on corn silks; No longer used as a soil fumigant.

Dichloroethyl ether is used in pesticides.
Dichloroethyl ether is also used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.
Exposure occurs from consumption of drinking water that contains Dichloroethyl ether, breathing Dichloroethyl ether vapors, and dermal contact.

Dichloroethyl ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent.

In the past, Dichloroethyl ether was used as a solvent for fats, waxes, greases, and esters.
Dichloroethyl ether has also been used as a constituent of paints and varnishes, as a cleaning fluid for textiles, and in the purification of oils and gasoline.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dichloroethyl ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Dichloroethyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dichloroethyl ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dichloroethyl ether can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Farming (Pesticides)

Physical Properties of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
The odor threshold for Dichloroethyl ether is 0.049 ppm.

The chemical formula for Dichloroethyl ether is C4H8Cl2O, and Dichloroethyl ether has a molecular weight of 143.04 g/mol.
The vapor pressure for Dichloroethyl ether is 0.71 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Dichloroethyl ether has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) of 1.58.

Reactions and applications of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is less reactive than the corresponding sulfur mustard S(CH2CH2Cl)2.
In the presence of base, Dichloroethyl ether reacts with catechol to form dibenzo-18-crown-6.

Dichloroethyl ether can be used in the synthesis of the cough suppressant fedrilate.
Dichloroethyl ether is combined with benzyl cyanide and two molar equivalents of sodamide in a ring-forming reaction.

When treated with strong base, Dichloroethyl ether gives divinyl ether, an anesthetic:
O(CH2CH2Cl)2 + 2 KOH → O(CH=CH2)2 + 2 KCl + 2 H2O

Sampling Procedures of Dichloroethyl ether:
Air samples containing sym-Dichloroethyl ether are taken with a glass tube, 7 cm x 4 mm ID, containing two sections of activated coconut shell charcoal (front= 100 mg, back= 50 mg) separated by a 2 mm urethane foam plug.
A silylated glass wool plug precedes the front section and a 3 mm urethane foam plug follows the back section.
A sampling pump is connected to this tube and accurately calibrated at a flow rate of 0.01 to 1 l/min for a total sample size of 2 to 15 liters.

Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are best taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of Dichloroethyl ether.

Each measurement should consist of a fifteen (15) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totaling fifteen (15) minutes in the employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee).
A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate of the employee's exposure.

EPA Method 625: Grab samples of water in municipal and industrial discharges must be collected in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l or 1 qt fitted with a screw cap lined with Teflon, except that the bottles must not be prerinsed with sample before collection.
Fill the sample bottles, and if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well.

All samples must be iced or refrigerated from the time of collection until analysis.
All samples must be extracted within 7 days of collection and completely analyzed within 40 days of extraction.

Extraction is performed by adding 60 ml of methylene chloride to the sample in a separatory funnel and shaking.
The combined extract is then concentrated using a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.

EPA Method 1625: Collect water samples in municipal and industrial discharges in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l minimum with threaded caps lined with Teflon.
Maintain samples at 0-4 °C from the time of collection until extraction.

If residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg sodium thiosulfate per liter of water.
Extraction is performed by adding methylene chloride to the samples in a continuous liquid-liquid extractor and concentrated with a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.
Begin sample extraction within seven days of collection, and analyze all extracts within 40 days of extraction.

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Dichloroethyl ether:
A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of sym-Dichloroethyl ether consists of a stainless steel column, 3 m x 3 mm ID, packed with DMCS Chromosorb W-AW (80/100 mesh) coated with 10% FFAP, with hydrogen-air flame ionization detector, and nitrogen or helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 30 ml/min, is a NIOSH approved method.
A sample injection volume of 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is 100 °C, the injection temperature is 200 °C, and the detection temperature is 250 °C.
This method has an estimated detection limit of 0.01 mg/sample, and a relative standard deviation of 0.007, over a working range of 10 to 270 mg/cu m for a 15 liter air sample.

EPA Method 611: A gas chromatography method for the analysis of haloethers in municipal and industrial discharges, consists of a glass column, 1.8 m x 2 mm ID, packed with Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) coated with 3% SP-1000, with a halide specific detector (electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric), and helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 40 ml/min.
A sample injection volume of 2 to 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is held isothermal at 60 °C for two min after injection then programmed at 8 °C/min to 230 °C and held for four min.
For Dichloroethyl ether the method has a detection limit of 0.3 ug/l and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery +0.36, over a working range of 1.0 to 626 ug/l.

EPA Method 8250: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Packed Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Dichloroethyl ether has a detection limit of 5.7 ug/l, a retention time of 8.4 min, and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

EPA Method 8270: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Capillary Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Dichloroethyl ether has a retention time of 5.82 min and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

Handling and Storage of Dichloroethyl ether:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Stop leak if you can do Dichloroethyl ether without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage stability:

Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Reactivity Profile of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether may form phosgene or hydrogen when heated to high temperature.
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.

Mixing in equal molar portions with the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid and oleum.

First aid measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Dichloroethyl ether safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.

Fire Fighting of Dichloroethyl ether:
Wear full protective clothing.
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Use water, foam, mist, fog, spray, or dry chemical.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Small fires:
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam.

Large fires:
Water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk.
Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out.

Fight fire from maximum distance.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter Dichloroethyl ether.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

In case of fire:
Keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.
NO direct contact with water.

Firefighting measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Dichloroethyl ether no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Dichloroethyl ether:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air at elevated temperatures.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Water, foam, mist, fog, spray, dry chemical.

If material is on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water and apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire:
Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving Dichloroethyl ether.

Accidental Release Measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

Isolation and Evacuation:
1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels.

Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood).
Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork.

Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials.
Large quantities can be reclaimed.

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Dichloroethyl ether:

Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit.
Ventilation.

Remove all ignition sources.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of Dichloroethyl ether:
CAS Number: 111-44-4
ChEBI: CHEBI:34573
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1613350
ChemSpider: 21106016
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.519
EC Number: 203-870-1
KEGG: C14688
PubChem CID: 8115
RTECS number: KN0875000
UNII: 6K7D1G5M5N
UN number: 1916
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9020168
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: ClCCOCCCl

CAS number: 111-44-4
EC index number: 603-029-00-2
EC number: 203-870-1
Hill Formula: C₄H₈Cl₂O
Chemical formula: (ClCH₂CH₂)₂O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 19 90

Synonym(s): Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Linear Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
CAS Number: 111-44-4
Molecular Weight: 143.01
Beilstein: 605317
EC Number: 203-870-1
MDL number: MFCD00000975
PubChem Substance ID: 24892662
NACRES: NA.22

Boiling point: 177 - 178 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 %(V)
Flash point: 55.0 °C
Ignition temperature: 365 °C
Melting Point: -47.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.95 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.01 g/l

Properties of Dichloroethyl ether:
Chemical formula: C4H8Cl2O
Molar mass: 143.01 g·mol−1
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: Chlorinated, solvent-like
Density: 1.22 g/mL
Melting point: −50 °C; −58 °F; 223 K
Boiling point: 178 °C; 352 °F; 451 K decomposes
Solubility in water: 10,200 mg/L
Vapor pressure: 0.7 mmHg (20 °C)

vapor pressure: 0.4 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.456 (lit.)
bp: 65-67 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −47 °C (lit.)
density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: ClCCOCCCl
InChI: 1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
InChI key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 143.01 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 28.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Dichloroethyl ether:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.218 - 1.219
Identity (IR): passes test

Related compounds of Dichloroethyl ether:
Sulfur mustard
Nitrogen mustard
2-Bromoethyl ether

Names of Dichloroethyl ether:

Regulatory process names:
2,2'-DICHLORODIETHYL ETHER
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-

Translated names:
2,2’-Dichlor-diethylether (de)
bi(2-cloretil) eter (ro)
bis(2-chloorethyl)ether (nl)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (cs)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (da)
bis(2-chloretil)eteris (lt)
bis(2-chloroéthyl)éther (fr)
bis(2-chlóretyl)éter (sk)
bis(2-cloroetile) etere (it)
bis(2-kloorietyyli)eetteri (fi)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (no)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (sv)
bis(2-kloroetil) eter (sl)
bis(2-kloroetil)-eter (hr)
bis(2-kloroetüül)eeter (et)
bisz(2-klóretil)-éter (hu)
eter bis(2-chloroetylowy) eter 2,2'-dichlorodietylowy (pl)
eteru tal-bis(2-kloroetil) (mt)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (es)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (pt)
δις(2-χλωροαιθυλ)αιθέρας (el)
бис(2-хлорoетил) етер (bg)

IUPAC names:
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane

Other names:
Oxygen mustard;
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Chlore
Khloreks
DCEE
2-Chloroethyl ether
1,1'-oxybis[2-chloroethane]

Other identifiers:
111-44-4
603-029-00-2
92091-28-6

Synonyms of Dichloroethyl ether:
111-44-4
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
2-Chloroethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
DCEE
Chlorex
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Chloroethyl ether
Dichloroether
Khloreks
Clorex
sym-Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl oxide
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
Ether dichlore
BCEE
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
Rcra waste number U025
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
Caswell No. 309
ENT 4,504
Bis-2-chloroethylether
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Ether dichlore [French]
Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether
CCRIS 88
Dicholoroethyl ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC 406647
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether
HSDB 502
s-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
2,2-dichlorodiethylether
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichloroethyl ether
EINECS 203-870-1
UN1916
1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane
RCRA waste no. U025
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 029501
BRN 0605317
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
Di(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether (BCEE)
AI3-04504
Bis(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
6K7D1G5M5N
beta,beta'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
DTXSID9020168
CHEBI:34573
MFCD00000975
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC-406647
1-Chloro-2-(.beta.-chloroethoxy)ethane
EC 203-870-1
DTXCID70168
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
CAS-111-44-4
2-dichlorodiethyl ether
2-chloroethylether
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
O(CCCl)CCCl
2,2'-Diklordietyleter
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
DEE (CHRIS Code)
bis-(2chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethylether
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
bis-(2-choroethyl)ether
bis (2-chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethyl ether
bis(beta-chloroethyl)ether
2,2'Dichlorodiethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
2,2'-Dichlor-diethylether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2-Chloroethyl ether, 99%
WLN: G2O2G
SCHEMBL58439
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)-
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
MLS002454390
BIDD:ER0300
Ethane,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
ther bis (chloro-2 thylique)
ETHER, DI(CHLOROETHYL)
CHEMBL1613350
Ethane, 1,1'oxybis[2-chloro-
AMY9389
beta ,beta'-dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis (chloroethyl) ether (BCEE)
BIS(2 CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
HMS3039G11
Etano, 1,1'-oxibis [2-cloro-
1-(2-chloroethoxy)-2-chloroethane
BCP22801
Tox21_202074
Tox21_300514
LS-533
NA1916
NSC406647
STL282719
SYM-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER [MI]
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethane
1-chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
AKOS000118954
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane #
BCP9000069
UN 1916
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER [IARC]
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER [HSDB]
NCGC00090856-01
NCGC00090856-02
NCGC00090856-03
NCGC00254256-01
NCGC00259623-01
AS-11884
SMR001372006
B0472
Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)
EN300-19202
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
Q-200159
Q2509768
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
Dichloroethyl ether; (1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane)
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H
F0001-0241
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Second Source
111-44-4 [RN]
1-Chlor-2-(2-chlorethoxy)ethan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroéthoxy)éthane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
203-870-1 [EINECS]
2-Chloroethyl ether
6K7D1G5M5N
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether [Wiki]
ethane, 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)-
Ethane, 2,2'-oxybis[1-chloro- [ACD/Index Name]
MFCD00000975 [MDL number]
[111-44-4] [RN]
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
1-Chloro-2-(b-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
2, 2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2`-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
2,2'-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, ß
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
2,2-Dichlorodiethylether
2,2'-dichloroethyl ether
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2-ChloroethylEther
4-01-00-01375 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
92091-28-6 [RN]
93952-02-4 [RN]
b,b'-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b'-Dichloroethyl Ether
BCEE
Bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)-d8 Ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (d8)
Bis(b-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
bis(ß-chloroethyl) ether
bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis-2-chloroethylether
Chlorex
CHLOROETHYL ETHER
clorex
dcee
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Di(b-chloroethyl) ether
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
Di(β-chloroethyl) ether
Di(β-chloroethyl)ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
dichloroether
'-Dichloroethyl ether
DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
Dichloroethyl oxide
Dicholoroethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
EINECS 203-870-1
Ether dichlore
Ether dichlore [French]
ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
ETHERBISCHLOROETHYL
G2O2G [WLN]
Khloreks
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
s-Dichloroethyl ether
sym-Dichloroethyl Ether
UN 1916
UNII:6K7D1G5M5N
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
WLN: G2O2G
β ,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl Ether
β,β-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
β-chloroethyl ether
DICHLOROHYDROXYDIPHENYLETHER ( DCPP )
Cyanoguanidine; 1-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamide; Dicy; DCD; N-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamin; Cyanguanidin; Cianoguanidina; Cyanoguanidine; 2-Cyanoguanidine; Araldite XB; 1-CYANOGUANIDINE; 2-Cyanoguanidine; AKOS NCG-0013; CYANOGUANIDINE; DCD; DICY; DICYANDIAMIDE; DICYANODIAMIDE; DYHARD(R) 100; DYHARD(R) 100 S; DYHARD(R) 100 SF; DYHARD(R) 100 SH; DYHARD(R) G 03; DYHARD(R) T 03 CAS NO:461-58-5
DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate contains pentaerythritol (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol) as an alcoholic component in esters or condensed with other (poly) alcohols or sugars.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has excellent lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing abilities.


CAS Number: 25496-72-4, 57-55-6


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate contains stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol) as an alcoholic component.
Citrates are salts or esters of citric acid.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a synthetic Substance, a Synthetic ingredient derived from coconut oil.


The name component "Cocoyl" means that the ingredient contains fatty acids from coconut oil (Cocos Nucifera Oil) as fatty acid components (usually introduced via an acylation reaction).
The conditioning efficacy, the hydro-balance performance and the gloss effects of a Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate formulation were compared with a lanolin-containing formula and a market benchmark conditioner.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is white solid.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is insoluble in water.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is stable.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has under strong acid or strong alkali condition, easily hydrolyzed.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is easily oxidized.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has excellent lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing abilities.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a mixture of higher molecular fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil binding additives.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a yellowish, wax-like fat product which is supplied in pellets, with an inherent odor.
This product is Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has a dropping point of 45-60°C, an iodine number of 20-30, and a saponification value of 160-175.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate may or may not be vegan.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a compound of Citric Acid, Stearyl Alcohol, and coconut, used in some cosmetics as an emollient.
Claims: Emulsifiers > Emulsifiers W/O (Water in oil)



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is mixture of higher molecular fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil binding additives
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is yellowish, wax-like pellets with an inherent odor
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is an O/W cream base.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a mixture of consistency giving factors and emulsifiers.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is used in face cleansing, baby care & cleansing, face-, color & body care products and sun-care (sun-protection, after-sun & self-tanning) products.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is ideally used for hair care, hair conditioning and hair treatments.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is suitable for skin care emulsions.


-Application(s)of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: Hair
Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: After Sun Care, Body Care, Face Care, Hand & Nail Care, Skin Care, Sun Protection
-General Use of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Performance claims, Sustainability claims, Function, Applications, Usage level


-Technical Use of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Chemical group, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Appearance, Colors, Origin, Origin Species
-Cosmetic Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*skin conditioning
*skin conditioning - emollient


-Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*W/O cream base suitable for various
*W/O skin care emulsions
*Baby Care and Cleansing
*Body Care
*Face Care
*Self Tanning
*Sun Protection


-Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Emollient, skin conditioning.
-Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*Emollient, skin conditioning


-cosmetic action of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Softens the skin, cleanses, does not leave irritation
-Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: Baby Care, Body Care, Face Care, Hand & Nail Care, Sun Care



FUNCTIONS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*Emollient: Softens and softens the skin
*Skin conditioning agent: Keeps the skin in good condition
*Conditioner
*Consistency Factor
*fat soluble
*Emollients/Emollients - soften and soften the skin



FUNCTION IN COSMETICS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*Emollient
*Conditioning substance
*Film-forming substance
*Greasing substance
*Moisturizing substance
*Emollient



ACTION IN COSMETICS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate that softens calloused epidermis. Used e.g. cracked heel products.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has an indirect moisturizing effect (reduces water loss by creating an occlusive layer), smoothing.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate restores the skin's natural barrier function.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate makes the skin soft, elastic and smooth.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is used in creams with a heavier consistency, e.g. oiling creams.



OTHER FEATURES OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*emollient
*skin conditioner



FUNCTIONS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONER:
Keeps the skin in good condition
*SKIN CONDITIONER - EMOLLIENT:
Makes the skin soft and supple



CATEGORY OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Non-ionic surfactant
> Ester
>> Fatty Alcohol Ester
>>> Pentaerythritol Ester



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
citric acid, 1,2-dodecyl ester
ester with bis(coco acyl)pentaerythrytol
Dehymuls Fce
Dicocoylpentaerythrityl Distearylcitrat
Dicocoyl Pentaerytrhityl Distearyl Citrate
Citric acid, 1,2-stearyl ester
ester with bis(coco acyl)pentaerythritol
ALUMINUM STEARATES
MICROCRISTALLINA CERA
DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE
GLYCERYL OLEATE
PROPYLENE GLYCOL


DICORANTIL
Dicorantil is an organoammonium phosphate.
Dicorantil belongs to a group of medicines called anti-arrhythmic agents used to treat irregular heartbeats.
Dicorantil is available in both oral and intravenous forms and has a low degree of toxicity.

CAS Number: 3737-09-5
Formula: C21H29N3O
Molar mass: 339.483 g·mol−1

Dicorantil is an antiarrhythmic chemical used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia.
Dicorantil is a sodium channel blocker and is classified as a Class 1a anti-arrhythmic agent.

Dicorantil has a negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium and significantly reduces contractility.
Dicorantil also has an anticholinergic effect on the heart, which is responsible for many negative side effects.
Dicorantil is available in both oral and intravenous forms and has a low degree of toxicity.

Dicorantil is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.
Dicorantil is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dicorantil is an organoammonium phosphate.

Dicorantil is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent with cardiac depressant properties.
Dicorantil exerts Dicorantil actions by blocking both sodium and potassium channels in cardiac membrane during phase 0 of the action potential.

This slows the impulse conduction through the AV node and prolongs the duration of the action potential of normal cardiac cells in atrial and ventricular tissues.
Dicorantil prolongs the QT interval and causes a widening of the QRS complex.

Dicorantil also possesses some anticholinergic and local anaesthetic properties.
Dicorantil is used in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia.

A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine.
Dicorantil also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.

Dicorantil belongs to a group of medicines called anti-arrhythmic agents used to treat irregular heartbeats.
An irregular heartbeat is a condition in which your heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slow.
Dicorantil helps slow the heart rate and prevent arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).

Dicorantil sulphate contains Dicorantil, ie anti-arrhythmic agents.
Dicorantil helps bring irregular heartbeats to a normal rhythm by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart.
Irregular heartbeat treatment reduces the risk of blood clots, heart attack or stroke.

Dicorantil should be taken as prescribed by the doctor.
Your doctor may monitor EKGs and blood pressure during treatment to monitor your dose.

Some people may experience common side effects such as blurred or double vision, stomach pain, little or no urination, and low blood sugar.
Most of these side effects of Dicorantil do not require medical attention and will gradually improve over time.
However, if the side effects persist, please consult your doctor.

Please tell your doctor if you are known to be allergic to Dicorantil or any other medicines.
Dicorantil is not recommended for use in children.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to consult a doctor before taking Dicorantil.

Before taking Dicorantil, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, enlarged prostate, glaucoma (increased eye pressure) or low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalaemia).
Do not take Dicorantil if you are already taking other medicines to regulate your heartbeat.

Do not drive or operate machinery as Dicorantil may cause blurred vision, dizziness and low blood pressure.
Use Dicorantil with caution if you are elderly (over 65 years of age), have a low body weight, or have kidney or liver problems.

Dicorantil is used to treat certain irregular heartbeats).
Dicorantil is in a class of medications called antiarrhythmic drugs.
Dicorantil works by making your heart more resistant to abnormal activity.

Continuing Education Activity:
Dicorantil is a chemical used to treat heart rhythm abnormalities that can be life-threatening, such as ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, or associated with increased morbidity and mortality, such as atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
This activity reviews several important aspects of this chemical, including indications, mechanism of action, applications, side effects, contraindications, monitoring, and toxicity.
This important knowledge of this chemical can improve interprofessional healthcare team outcomes.

Objectives:
Describe the mechanism of action of Dicorantil.
Describe possible side effects of Dicorantil.

Explains the importance of monitoring when using Dicorantil as an antiarrhythmic chemical.
Outline professional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication when using Dicorantil to maximize the benefits of this chemical and minimize Dicorantil side effects.

Indications:
In 1962, new antiarrhythmic drugs were needed apart from quinidine and procainamide, which were the main antiarrhythmic agents available at the time.
Dicorantil is the selected agent among more than 500 compounds synthesized for the research program of new antiarrhythmic agents.
The chemical structures of Dicorantil are similar to the synthetic muscarinic antagonist lacquer, which explains Dicorantil anticholinergic property.

Although Dicorantil is rarely used for heart rhythm abnormalities due to the availability of newer drugs that provide better efficacy and favorable side-effect profiles, Dicorantil is still the drug of choice for vagal-mediated atrial fibrillation such as sleep-induced or atrial fibrillation in athlete groups.
The effectiveness of Dicorantil in these conditions is due to Dicorantil anticholinergic activity, which abolishes the parasympathetic tone.

Dicorantil is also a third-line antiarrhythmic agent for a patient with coronary artery disease.
Also, a patient with left ventricular hypertrophy has impaired depolarization, which can induce torsade de pointes.

Therefore, antiarrhythmics that prolong the QT interval are avoided, but if sotalol or amiodarone is unsuccessful or unsuitable, Dicorantil may be an alternative.
In a patient with atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), Dicorantil is the agent of choice, other than amiodarone, as Dicorantil may decrease the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient (off-label use).

Data from a multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of Dicorantil in obstructive cardiomyopathy showed that Dicorantil significantly reduced the SVOT gradient from 75+/- 33 to 40+/-32 mmHg in 78 patients (66% of study subjects) (P<0.0001). has shown. ) and raises the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) from 23+/-07 to 17+/-06 (P<0.0001).
When Dicorantil is used in combination with a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker or beta blocker, they can effectively prevent recurrence of AF in HCOM patients.

Patients with ventricular premature beat (VPB) or premature ventricular complexes (PVC) may have a high symptom burden.
Dicorantil can be used in patients without structural heart disease, although Dicorantil efficacy is less than ablation.
In addition, based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled one-year follow-up study, Dicorantil (n=44) was effective in maintaining sinus rhythm after electro cardioversion for atrial fibrillation compared to placebo (n=46) and was significantly different (%) at one-month follow-up. 70 vs 39%) and continues after twelve months (54% vs 30%).

Uses of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as sustained ventricular tachycardia).
Dicorantil is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat.

Dicorantil is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug.
Dicorantil works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat.
Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

Usage of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil comes as a capsule and an extended-release (long-acting) capsule to take by mouth.
Dicorantil capsules may be taken every 6 or 8 hours.

The extended-release capsule is usually taken every 12 hours.
Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.

Take Dicorantil exactly as directed.
Do not take more or less of Dicorantil or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Swallow the extended-release capsules; do not open, crush, or chew them.

Dicorantil helps control your condition but will not cure it.
Continue to take Dicorantil even if you feel well.
Do not stop taking Dicorantil without talking to your doctor.

Mechanism of action of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil's Class 1a activity is similar to that of quinidine in that Dicorantil targets sodium channels to inhibit conduction.
Dicorantil depresses the increase in sodium permeability of the cardiac myocyte during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, in turn decreasing the inward sodium current.

This results in an increased threshold for excitation and a decreased upstroke velocity.
Dicorantil prolongs the PR interval by lengthening both the QRS and P wave duration.

This effect is particularly well suited in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia as Dicorantil slows the action potential propagation through the atria to the ventricles.
Dicorantil does not act as a blocking agent for beta or alpha adrenergic receptors, but does have a significant negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium.
As a result, the use of Dicorantil may reduce contractile force up to 42% at low doses and up to 100% in higher doses compared to quinidine.

Levites proposed a possible secondary mode of action for Dicorantil, against reentrant arrhythmias after an ischemic insult.
Dicorantil decreases the inhomogeneity between infarcted and normal myocardium refractory periods; in addition to lengthening the refractory period.

This decreases the chance of re-entry depolarization, because signals are more likely to encounter tissue in a refractory state which cannot be excited.
This provides a possible treatment for atrial and ventricular fibrillation, as Dicorantil restores pacemaker control of the tissue to the SA and AV nodes.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Dicorantil:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents:
Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias.
They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, Dicorantil excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers.
Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease, occurring in 1:500 individuals in the general population.
Dicorantil is estimated that there are 600,000 individuals in the United States with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The most common variant of HCM presents with left ventricular (LV) intracavitary obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and mitral-septal contact, diagnosed readily with echocardiography.
Pharmacologic treatment with negative inotropic drugs is first-line therapy.

Beta-blockers are used first, and while they improve symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain and exercise intolerance, they do not reduce resting LV intraventricular pressure gradients and often are inadequate to control symptoms.
Many investigators and clinicians believe that Dicorantil controlled release is the most potent agent available for reducing resting pressure gradients and improving symptoms.

Dicorantil has been actively used for more than 30 years.
Dicorantil administration for obstructive HCM has a IB recommendation in the 2020 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guidelines for treatment of obstructive HCM.
A IB treatment recommendation indicates that a treatment is recommended, and may be useful, and beneficial.

Negative inotropes improve LV obstruction by decreasing LV ejection acceleration and hydrodynamic forces on the mitral valve.
Dicorantil's particular efficacy is due to Dicorantil potent negative inotropic effects; in head-to-head comparison, Dicorantil is more effective for gradient reduction than either beta-blocker or verapamil.

Dicorantil is most often administered with beta-blockade.
When used in patients resistant to beta-blockade, Dicorantil is effective in 60% of cases, reducing symptoms and gradient to the extent that invasive procedures such as surgical septal myectomy are not required.

Dicorantil, despite Dicorantil efficacy, has one main side effect that has limited Dicorantil use in the US, though Dicorantil has seen wider application in Canada, UK and Japan.
Vagal blockade predictably causes dry mouth, and in men with prostatism, may cause urinary retention.
Teichman et al. showed that pyridostigmine used in combination with Dicorantil substantially alleviates vagolytic side effects without compromising antiarrhythmic efficacy.

This combination has also been shown to be effective and safe in obstructive HCM in a large cohort of patients.
Some clinicians prescribe pyridostigmine sustained release (marketed in the US as Mestinon Timespan) to every patient begun on Dicorantil.
This combination increases acceptance of higher Dicorantil dosing, important since there is a dose-response correlation in obstructive HCM, higher doses yielding lower gradients.

Another concern about Dicorantil has been the hypothetical potential for inducing sudden death from Dicorantil type 1 anti-arrhythmic effects.
However, a multicenter registry and two recent cohort registries have largely reduced this concern, by showing sudden death rates lower than that observed from the disease itself.

These concerns about the drug must be viewed from the clinical perspective that Dicorantil is generally the last agent that is tried for patients before they are referred for invasive septal reduction with surgical septal myectomy (an open-heart operation) or alcohol septal ablation (a controlled heart attack).
Both of these invasive procedures have risk of morbidity and mortality.

For selected patients, a trial of oral Dicorantil is a reasonable approach before proceeding to invasive septal reduction.
Patients who respond to Dicorantil are continued on the drug.

Those who continue to have disabling symptoms or who experience side effects are promptly referred for septal reduction.
Using such a stepped strategy, investigators have reported that survival does not differ from that observed in the age-matched normal United States population.

Extracardiac effects:
Atropine like effects (anticholinergic)
Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention – Dicorantil should not be given to patients with symptomatic prostatism.
Blurred vision
Glaucoma
Rash
Agranulocytosis

Additionally, Dicorantil may enhance the hypoglycaemic effect of gliclazide, insulin, and metformin.

Metabolism of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil can cause hypoglycemia, perhaps due to increased secretion of insulin, and can also potentiate the effects of conventional hypoglycemic drugs.
This effect may be due to Dicorantil chief metabolite mono-N dealkylDicorantil, since many of the reported cases of hypoglycemia have been in patients with renal impairment, in which the metabolite accumulates.

In six subjects who were being considered for treatment with Dicorantil, serum glucose concentrations were measured at 13, 15, 17, and 19 hours after supper, with no further food, with and without the added administration of two modified-released tablets of Dicorantil 150 mg with supper and 12 hours later.
Dicorantil significantly reduced the serum glucose concentration at all measurement times by an average of 0.54 mmol/l.
The fall in serum glucose concentration was not related to the serum concentration of Dicorantil or the serum creatinine concentration; Dicorantil was greater in older patients and in underweight patients.

Hypoglycemia has also been reported in a 70-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Dicorantil.

Clinical data of Dicorantil:
Trade names: Norpace
AHFS/Drugs.com: Monograph
MedlinePlus: a682408
Pregnancy category: AU: B2
Routes ofadministration: Oral, intravenous
ATC code: C01BA03 (WHO)

Legal status:
UK: POM (Prescription only)
US: ℞-only

Pharmacokinetic data of Dicorantil:
Bioavailability: High
Protein binding: 50% to 65% (concentration-dependent)
Metabolism: Hepatic (CYP3A4-mediated)
Elimination half-life: 6.7 hours (range 4 to 10 hours)
Excretion: Renal (80%)

Identifiers of Dicorantil:
IUPAC name: (RS)-4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
CAS Number: 3737-09-5
PubChem CID: 3114
IUPHAR/BPS: 7167
DrugBank: DB00280
ChemSpider: 3002
UNII: GFO928U8MQ
KEGG: D00303
ChEBI: CHEBI:4657
ChEMBL: ChEMBL517
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1045536
ECHA InfoCard: 100.021.010

Properties of Dicorantil:
Formula: C21H29N3O
Molar mass: 339.483 g·mol−1
Melting point: 94.5 to 95 °C (202.1 to 203.0 °F)
SMILES: O=C(N)C(c1ncccc1)(c2ccccc2)CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H29N3O/c1-16(2)24(17(3)4)15-13-21(20(22)25,18-10-6-5-7-11-18)19-12-8-9-14-23-19/h5-12,14,16-17H,13,15H2,1-4H3,(H2,22,25)
Key:UVTNFZQICZKOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 437.5 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 437.20795813 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 437.20795813 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 137Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 30
Complexity: 459
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Dicorantil:

Regulatory process names:

Disopyramide
Disopyramide

IUPAC names:
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
Disopyramide

Other identifiers:
3737-09-5

Synonyms of Dicorantil:
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE
22059-60-5
Norpace
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE SALT
Rythmodan
Norpace Cr
SC 7031 phosphate
Dirythmin sa
Diso-duriles
DisopyramidePhosphate
EINECS 244-756-1
SC 7031 (phosphate)
NSC-756744
SC-13957
SC-7031 PHOSPHATE
CHEBI:4658
N6BOM1935W
22059-60-5 (phosphate)
SC 13957
Norpace (TN)
2-(1-(Ammoniocarbonyl)-3-(diisopropylammonio)-1-phenylpropyl)pyridinium phosphate
Disopyramid phosphate
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide phosphate
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide;phosphoric acid
alpha-(2-Diisopropylaminoethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate
(+-)-alpha-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate
alpha-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, (+-)-, phosphate (1:1)
SR-01000003039
Disopyramide (phosphate)
UNII-N6BOM1935W
SCHEMBL41810
MLS000028431
SPECTRUM1500261
C21H29N3O.H3O4P
CHEMBL1201020
HMS501I11
DTXSID30944685
Disopyramide phosphate (JAN/USP)
HMS1920I14
HMS2094K15
HMS2234B16
HMS3259J21
HMS3261C04
HMS3369L05
HMS3652M20
HMS3885J07
Pharmakon1600-01500261
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [MI]
XAA05960
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [JAN]
Tox21_500411
CCG-40209
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USAN]
HY-12533A
NSC756744
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [VANDF]
AKOS040744844
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [MART.]
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USP-RS]
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [WHO-DD]
LP00411
NC00683
NSC 756744
Disopyramide phosphate [USAN:BAN:JAN]
NCGC00093836-01
NCGC00093836-02
NCGC00093836-03
NCGC00093836-04
NCGC00261096-01
SMR000058438
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [ORANGE BOOK]
LS-130131
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Disopyramide phosphate [USAN:USP:BAN:JAN]
EU-0100411
FT-0630479
S4143
SW196836-3
SW196836-4
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
C07740
D 6035
D00637
SR-01000003039-2
SR-01000003039-6
Q27106430
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
(R)-4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide phosphate
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide,phosphoric acid
4-DIISOPROPYLAMINO-2-PHENYL-2-(2-PYRIDYL)BUTYRAMIDE PHOSPHATE
Disopyramide phosphate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Disopyramide phosphate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
(+/-)-.ALPHA.-(2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL)-.ALPHA.-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE PHOSPHATE (1:1)
2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE, .ALPHA.-(2-(BIS(1-METHYLETHYL)AMINO)ETHYL)-.ALPHA.-PHENYL-, (+/-)-, PHOSPHATE (1:1)
223-110-2 [EINECS]
2-pyridineacetamide, a-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-a-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl- [ACD/Index Name]
3737-09-5 [RN]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamide [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phényl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamide [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-(dipropan-2-ylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
a-[2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl]-a-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
a-[2-[Bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]a-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
disopiramida [Spanish] [INN]
Disopyramide [French] [INN]
Disopyramide [BAN] [INN] [JAN] [JP15] [USAN] [Wiki]
Disopyramide, (R)-
Disopyramide, (S)-
disopyramidum [Latin] [INN]
Isorythm
Lispine
MFCD00057366 [MDL number]
Norpace [Trade name]
Rythmodan [Trade name]
α-[2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL]-α-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE
α-Diisopropylaminoethyl-α-phenylpyridine-2-acetamide
дизопирамид [Russian] [INN]
ديسوبيراميد [Arabic] [INN]
丙吡胺 [Chinese] [INN]
Disopyramide free base
NORPACE CR
Rythmodan-La
ξ-Disopyramide
[3737-09-5] [RN]
1309283-08-6 [RN]
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl-
3737-09-5 (free base)
38236-46-3 [RN]
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
4-[bis(methylethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanimidic acid
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
492056 [Beilstein]
4-Diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-butyramide
54687-36-4 [RN]
74464-83-8 [RN]
74464-84-9 [RN]
BS-17145
DB00280
Dicorantil
Disopiramida
Disopiramida [INN-Spanish]
Disopyramide-d5
Disopyramidum
Disopyramidum [INN-Latin]
MFCD00069254 [MDL number]
n-desalkyl Disopyramide
Norpace®
Ritmodan
Rythmodan P [Trade name]
Rythmodan®
Searle 703
α-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
α-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
γ-Diisopropylamino-α-phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
γ-Diisopropylamino-α-phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
дизопирамид
ديسوبيراميد
丙吡胺
DICUMYL PEROXIDE
DICUMYL PEROXIDE The aim of this article was to determine the effect of the dicumyl peroxide (dicumyl peroxide) content on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA). Reactive extrusion of the PLA and dicumyl peroxide blends was performed. The dicumyl peroxide content varied from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%. The extruded samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analyses of gel content and swelling degree, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile and impact strength tests. It was found that dicumyl peroxide caused crosslinking of PLA as well as contributed to formation of low-molecular weight products of decomposition and degradation processes. These products caused plasticization of PLA, which led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature. An increase in tensile strength and decrease in impact strength were observed as the dicumyl peroxide content increased. Dicumyl peroxide price More Price(4) Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 100g $50 2020-08-18 Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 500g $154 2020-08-18 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 100g $35.9 2020-06-24 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 500g $140 2020-06-24 Buy Dicumyl peroxide Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties white powder Chemical Properties Dicumyl peroxide is a crystalline solid that melts at 42°C. It is insoluble in water and soluble in vegetable oil and organic solvents . It is used as a high-temperature catalyst in production of polystyrene plastics. The deflagration hazard potential of this peroxide was tested using 5 g of igniter in the revised time–pressure test, but no pressure rise was produced . Noller et al. found it to be an intermediate fire hazard. General Description White powder with a characteristic odor. Reactivity Profile The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides. Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides. Dicumyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 2nd ed., p 44 1979. Safety Profile Mildly toxic by ingestion. See also PEROXIDES. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Purification Methods Crystallise the peroxide from 95% EtOH (charcoal). Store it at 0o. Potentially EXPLOSIVE. [Beilstein 6 IV 3220.] Dicumyl peroxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Cumene Ethanol Sodium sulfite PERCHLORIC ACID Cumyl hydroperoxide Preparation Products microdispersoid acrylate resin filling emulsion dimethylacrolyl phenoxy propanestyrene copolymer optical plastics 80-43-3(Dicumyl peroxide)Related Search: ethyl hydroperoxide TERT-BUTYL CUMYL PEROXIDE Methyl acrylate Methyl Methanol Di-tert-butyl peroxide Dicumyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide DIISOPROPYLBENZENE Acetonitrile Methylparaben 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) Hydrogen peroxide Aluminum oxide 3,5-Diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide 1,3-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole) Vulcanizator Description and features Iniper DCP (dicumyl peroxide), is a white crystal which has C18H22O2 as chemical formula. This dialkyl peroxide is used for the (co)polymerization of styrene, besides it is used to crosslink polymers and elastomers. Further it finds its application as flame retardant synergist in EPS. Dicumyl Peroxide is also known as Diisopropylbenzene peroxide, Bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide and Dicumene hydroperoxide. Storage Store Dicumyl Peroxide in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area and in line with legal requirements. Keep Iniper DCP away from heat sources, avoid contact with acids, alkalines, heavy metal compounds and reducing agents. The Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) in original packaging is 75ºC. The aim of this article was to determine the effect of the dicumyl peroxide (dicumyl peroxide) content on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA). Reactive extrusion of the PLA and dicumyl peroxide blends was performed. The dicumyl peroxide content varied from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%. The extruded samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analyses of gel content and swelling degree, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile and impact strength tests. It was found that dicumyl peroxide caused crosslinking of PLA as well as contributed to formation of low-molecular weight products of decomposition and degradation processes. These products caused plasticization of PLA, which led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature. An increase in tensile strength and decrease in impact strength were observed as the dicumyl peroxide content increased. Dicumyl peroxide price More Price(4) Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 100g $50 2020-08-18 Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 500g $154 2020-08-18 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 100g $35.9 2020-06-24 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 500g $140 2020-06-24 Buy Dicumyl peroxide Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties white powder Chemical Properties Dicumyl peroxide is a crystalline solid that melts at 42°C. It is insoluble in water and soluble in vegetable oil and organic solvents . It is used as a high-temperature catalyst in production of polystyrene plastics. The deflagration hazard potential of this peroxide was tested using 5 g of igniter in the revised time–pressure test, but no pressure rise was produced . Noller et al. found it to be an intermediate fire hazard. General Description White powder with a characteristic odor. Reactivity Profile The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides. Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides. Dicumyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 2nd ed., p 44 1979. Safety Profile Mildly toxic by ingestion. See also PEROXIDES. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Purification Methods Crystallise the peroxide from 95% EtOH (charcoal). Store it at 0o. Potentially EXPLOSIVE. [Beilstein 6 IV 3220.] Dicumyl peroxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Cumene Ethanol Sodium sulfite PERCHLORIC ACID Cumyl hydroperoxide Preparation Products microdispersoid acrylate resin filling emulsion dimethylacrolyl phenoxy propanestyrene copolymer optical plastics 80-43-3(Dicumyl peroxide)Related Search: ethyl hydroperoxide TERT-BUTYL CUMYL PEROXIDE Methyl acrylate Methyl Methanol Di-tert-butyl peroxide Dicumyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide DIISOPROPYLBENZENE Acetonitrile Methylparaben 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) Hydrogen peroxide Aluminum oxide 3,5-Diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide 1,3-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole) Vulcanizator Description and features Iniper DCP (dicumyl peroxide), is a white crystal which has C18H22O2 as chemical formula. This dialkyl peroxide is used for the (co)polymerization of styrene, besides it is used to crosslink polymers and elastomers. Further it finds its application as flame retardant synergist in EPS. Dicumyl Peroxide is also known as Diisopropylbenzene peroxide, Bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide and Dicumene hydroperoxide. Storage Store Dicumyl Peroxide in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area and in line with legal requirements. Keep Iniper DCP away from heat sources, avoid contact with acids, alkalines, heavy metal compounds and reducing agents. The Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) in original packaging is 75ºC.
DICUMYL PEROXIDE
Dicumyl peroxide is a pale yellow to white granular solid with a characteristic odor.
Dicumyl peroxide is used as a polymerization catalyst and vulcanizing agent.
Dicumyl peroxide is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CMe2O)2 (Me = CH3).

CAS: 80-43-3
MF: C18H22O2
MW: 270.37
EINECS: 201-279-3

Classified as a dialky peroxide, Dicumyl peroxide is produced on a large scale industrially for use as an initiator for the production of low density polyethylene.

Production
Dicumyl peroxide is synthesized as a by-product in the autoxidation of cumene, which mainly affords cumene hydroperoxide.
Alternatively, Dicumyl peroxide can be produced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide to α-methylstyrene.
Of the ca. 60,000 ton/y production of dialkyl peroxides, dicumyl peroxide is dominant.

Dicumyl Peroxide Chemical Properties
Melting point: 39-41 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 130°C
Density: 1.56 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 9.3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 15.4 mm Hg ( 38 °C)
Refractive index: 1.5360
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: flakes
Color: White
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
BRN: 2056090
Stability:: Reacts violently with reducing agents, heavy metals, concentrated acids, concentrated bases.
May ignite organic materials on contact.
May decompose violently upon exposure to sunlight or if heated.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 5.6 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 80-43-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicumyl peroxide (80-43-3)

Dicumyl peroxide is relatively stable compound owing to the steric protection provided by the several substituents adjacent to the peroxide group.
Upon heating, Dicumyl peroxide breaks down by homolysis of the relatively weak O-O bond.
Dicumyl peroxide is a crystalline solid that melts at 42°C.
Dicumyl peroxide is insoluble in water and soluble in vegetable oil and organic solvents .
Dicumyl peroxide is used as a high-temperature catalyst in production of polystyrene plastics.
The deflagration hazard potential of Dicumyl peroxide was tested using 5 g of igniter in the revised time–pressure test, but no pressure rise was produced .
Noller et al. found Dicumyl peroxide to be an intermediate fire hazard.

Uses
Dicumyl peroxide is used:
in vulcanization of rubber
as a crosslinking agent in the synthesis of polylactic acid composite fibers
in the preparation of polyethylene composites
in the synthesis of polyamide 112/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer blends.

Reactivity Profile
The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides.
Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides.

Synonyms
DICUMYL PEROXIDE
80-43-3
Cumene peroxide
Cumyl peroxide
dicumylperoxide
Di-Cup
Percumyl D
Perkadox B
Perkadox BC
Perkadox SB
Dicumenyl peroxide
Peroxide, bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)
Luperox
Percumyl D 40
Luperox 500
Luperox 500R
Luperox 500T
Dicumene hydroperoxide
Diisopropylbenzene peroxide
Kayacumyl D
Di-cupr
DiCup 40KE
Active dicumyl peroxide
Di-cup 40C
Varox dcp-R
Varox dcp-T
Isopropylbenzene peroxide
Luperco 500-40C
Luperco 500-40KE
Perkadox BC 9
Di-cup R
Di-cup T
Di-cup 40haf
Perkadox BC 40
Perkadox BC 95
Bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) peroxide
Bis(2-phenyl-2-propyl) peroxide
NSC 56772
Bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)peroxide
Bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide
.alpha.-Cumyl peroxide
2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene
Di-.alpha.-cumyl peroxide
M51X2J0U9D
DTXSID1025017
.alpha.,.alpha.'-Dicumyl peroxide
NSC-56772
Bis(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide
Samperox DCP
Perkadox 96
Lupersol 500
DTXCID605017
Di-cup 40ke
Dicup 40
Dicumyl peroxide, dry
Di-Cup 40 KE
MFCD00036227
CAS-80-43-3
1,1'-(dioxydipropane-2,2-diyl)dibenzene
CCRIS 4616
DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%
DESCRIPTION:
Dicumyl peroxide is a 40% inert polymer bound formulation in granular form.

CAS No.: 80-43-3
Einecs Number: 201-279-3
Molecular weight: 270.4

APPLICATIONS OF DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%:
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used in vulcanization of rubber
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used as a crosslinking agent in the synthesis of polylactic acid composite fibers
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used in the preparation of polyethylene composites
Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) is used in the synthesis of polyamide 112/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer blends.


Dicumyl peroxide is a monofunctional peroxide which is used for the crosslinking of natural rubber and synthetic rubbers, as well as polyolefins.
Rubber compounds containing Dicumyl peroxide have excellent scorch safety, and under certain conditions one step mixing is possible.
Safe processing temperature: 130°C (rheometer ts2 > 20 min.).
Typical crosslinking temperature: 170°C (rheometer t90 about 12 min.)


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%:
Appearance: white powder
Peroxide assay: appx. 40%
Active oxygen assay: appx. 2.37%
Bulk density at 20°C: 400 kg/m³
CAS No.: 80-43-3
Molecular weight: 270.4
vapor density
9.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure
15.4 mmHg ( 38 °C)
Assay: 98%
Form: solid
reaction suitability
reagent type: oxidant
mp: 39-41 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.56 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
Testing Item First Glass
Calcium carbonate content 59-61%
Total volatile content ≤0.01%
Concentration 39-41%
Screen residue rate A.28.5% max(80meshes)
B.5%max(40meshes)
C.0%(30meshes)
Appearance White powder
Active oxygen content,% 2.28-2.4
Name
Dicumyl peroxide
EINECS 201-279-3
CAS No. 80-43-3
Density 1.026 g/cm3
PSA 18.46000
LogP 4.80520
Solubility insoluble in water
Melting Point 39-41 °C(lit.)
Formula C18H22O2
Boiling Point 351.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 270.371
Flash Point 99.6 °C
Transport Information UN 2121/3110
Appearance white powder
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
80-43-3
Physical form
Granules
Molecular Weight
270.4
Concentration
2.31-2.43%
Chemical name
Dicumyl peroxide


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product








SYNONYMS OF DICUMYL PEROXIDE 40%:
Peroxide,bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl) (8CI);
Bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) peroxide;
C 3 (crosslinkingagent);
D 40C;
DCP 40C;
DCP 99;
Di-Cup 40;
Di-Cup 40HAF;
Di-Cup 60;
Di-Cup 90;
Di-Cup T;
Dicumylperoxide;
Interox DCUP 1;
Kayacumyl D 40C;
LX 500;
Luperco 500-40KE;
Luperox 500;
Luperox500T;
Luperox 505R;
Luperox DC 40KEP;
Luperox DC40P-SP;
Luperox DCP;
Luperox PP 20;
NSC 56772;
PO-D;
Percumyl D;
Perkadox B;
Perkadox BC 40;
Perkadox BC40B-PD;
Perkadox BC 40KPD;
Perkadox BC 95;
Perkadox BC-FF;
Peroximon DC;
Peroximon DC/SC;
RC 3;
Retic DCP;
Sanperox DCP;
Trigonox 239A;
Varox 40KE;
Varox DCP 40C-SP2;
Varox DCP-R;
a,a'-Dicumyl peroxide;



DICYANDIAMIDE

Dicyandiamide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4N4.
Dicyandiamide is composed of two cyano groups (CN) linked by two amidine groups (NH).
The chemical structure of dicyandiamide can be represented as H2N-C(=NH)-N=C(=NH)-NH2.

CAS Number: 461-58-5
EC Number: 207-312-8



APPLICATIONS


Dicyandiamide is a key component in the production of melamine, a versatile industrial resin used in laminates and coatings.
Dicyandiamide serves as a curing agent for epoxy resins, enhancing the durability and strength of various composite materials.

In agriculture, Dicyandiamide is employed as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, contributing to efficient nutrient utilization by plants.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the synthesis of guanidine derivatives, which are used in pharmaceuticals and organic chemistry.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in the manufacturing of flame retardants, enhancing the fire resistance of polymers and textiles.

Dicyandiamide is a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of dyestuffs, contributing to the vibrant colors in textiles and other materials.
In the wood and laminating industries, the compound is used in adhesives to improve bonding properties.

Dicyandiamide plays a role in the production of color fixatives for dyed fabrics in the textile industry.
Dicyandiamide is used as an additive in electroplating processes to enhance the properties of metal coatings.

Dicyandiamide serves as a stabilizer and crosslinking agent in the formulation of certain polymers.
Dicyandiamide is employed in soil conditioning practices due to its gradual release of nitrogen, improving crop yields in agriculture.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, including corrosion inhibitors and biocides.

In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as a building block for the synthesis of certain drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the production of adhesives for various industrial applications.
Dicyandiamide has been studied for its potential use in inhibiting microbial activity in certain processes and applications.

Dicyandiamide is employed as a reducing agent in specific chemical reactions, showcasing its versatile reactivity.
Dicyandiamide is used as a stabilizing agent in the production of nitrogen-containing compounds.

In the electrochemical industry, it finds application in the production of batteries and other energy storage devices.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in wastewater treatment processes to control microbial growth and improve water quality.
Dicyandiamide contributes to the formulation of coatings and paints with enhanced durability and adhesion properties.

Dicyandiamide is studied for its potential use in the synthesis of high-performance polymers with unique properties.
In the food industry, Dicyandiamide may find applications in certain food additives and processing aids.

Dicyandiamide is utilized in the synthesis of resins and polymers with specific chemical and physical properties.
Dicyandiamide has been explored for its potential use in the production of nanomaterials with tailored properties.
Dicyandiamide continues to be researched for new and innovative applications in various industries, showcasing its adaptability and potential.

In the electronics industry, Dicyandiamide is used in the production of printed circuit boards as a resin curing agent.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the synthesis of melamine formaldehyde resins, widely used in the manufacturing of durable laminates and coatings.

Dicyandiamide is utilized as a stabilizer in the production of nitrocellulose-based explosives, enhancing their safety and shelf life.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the formulation of slow-release fertilizers, ensuring a sustained and controlled nutrient supply for plants.

Dicyandiamide is employed in the textile industry for the preparation of flame-resistant fabrics, contributing to improved safety in various applications.
Dicyandiamide is used as a nitrogen source in the production of nitrogen-rich organic compounds, such as cyanuric acid.
In water treatment processes, it serves as a biocide and corrosion inhibitor, helping maintain the integrity of water systems.

Dicyandiamide plays a role in the synthesis of polyfunctional amines, which find applications in the production of surfactants and detergents.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the manufacturing of slow-release tablets in the pharmaceutical industry, controlling the release of active ingredients.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, which are essential in medicinal chemistry.

In adhesive formulations, it acts as a crosslinking agent, enhancing the bonding strength of adhesives in various applications.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the production of automotive coatings, providing durable and protective finishes for vehicles.

Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of resins for powder coatings, contributing to the corrosion resistance of coated surfaces.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the formulation of epoxy molding compounds, used in encapsulating electronic components.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the creation of slow-release biocides, contributing to long-lasting antimicrobial properties in certain materials.

Dicyandiamide is utilized in the synthesis of high-performance plastics, offering improved mechanical and thermal properties.
In the construction industry, it is employed in the production of cement admixtures to enhance strength and durability.
Dicyandiamide serves as a key ingredient in the synthesis of dicyandiamide-formaldehyde resins, used as wood adhesives.

Dicyandiamide is involved in the creation of ink formulations, providing improved adhesion and durability on various surfaces.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the manufacturing of encapsulating materials for electronic components, ensuring their protection from environmental factors.

Dicyandiamide finds use in the creation of fire-retardant coatings, contributing to enhanced fire safety in various applications.
Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of guanidine-based pharmaceuticals, demonstrating its significance in drug development.
In the rubber industry, it is applied in the production of vulcanization accelerators, improving the performance of rubber products.

Dicyandiamide is involved in the creation of water-based paints, offering eco-friendly alternatives with low volatile organic compound (VOC) content.
Dicyandiamide is explored for potential applications in nanotechnology, showcasing its adaptability to emerging fields of study.

Dicyandiamide is utilized in the manufacturing of effervescent salts, contributing to their controlled release of gases in various applications.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the synthesis of cyanoguanidine, an intermediate used in the production of herbicides and fungicides.
Dicyandiamide is employed in the creation of thermosetting plastics, contributing to their strong and heat-resistant properties.
Dicyandiamide plays a role in the production of cyanuric acid, a stabilizer used in swimming pool water treatment.

In the rubber and tire industry, it is used as a vulcanization activator, improving the elasticity and strength of rubber compounds.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the creation of nitrogen-rich polymers, which find use in specialty coatings and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors for various metals and alloys.

Dicyandiamide serves as a processing aid in the manufacturing of melamine-formaldehyde molding compounds for tableware and utensils.
In the field of environmental protection, it is used in the removal of nitrogen compounds from industrial wastewater.

Dicyandiamide is applied in the synthesis of crosslinked polymers for controlled drug release in pharmaceutical formulations.
Dicyandiamide is utilized as a crosslinking agent in the production of water-based emulsions for coatings and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide plays a role in the creation of slow-release coatings for seeds, enhancing nutrient availability during germination.

Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymers with flame-retardant properties.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the formulation of adhesives for the bonding of rubber to metal in industrial applications.

Dicyandiamide serves as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions, facilitating the synthesis of diverse organic compounds.
In the creation of specialty chemicals, it acts as a building block for the synthesis of high-value intermediates.

Dicyandiamide is utilized in the formulation of flocculants for water treatment, aiding in the removal of impurities.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the synthesis of guanidinium salts, which find use in organic synthesis and catalysis.

In the paper and pulp industry, it is used in the creation of wet-strength additives for paper products.
Dicyandiamide is involved in the formulation of coatings for steel structures, providing corrosion protection.
Dicyandiamide is utilized in the creation of encapsulating materials for electronic devices, offering insulation and protection.
Dicyandiamide finds application in the creation of dental materials, such as adhesives and restorative composites.

Dicyandiamide is involved in the synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymers used in the aerospace industry.
Dicyandiamide is applied in the formulation of inkjet inks, contributing to their stability and color vibrancy.
In the creation of slow-release pharmaceutical formulations, it is used to control the release of active ingredients over time.



DESCRIPTION


Dicyandiamide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4N4.
Dicyandiamide is composed of two cyano groups (CN) linked by two amidine groups (NH).
The chemical structure of dicyandiamide can be represented as H2N-C(=NH)-N=C(=NH)-NH2.

Dicyandiamide is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water.
Dicyandiamide is known for its versatile applications, including use in the production of fertilizers, resins, and as a curing agent for epoxy resins.
Dicyandiamide is also employed in the synthesis of various organic compounds and as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Additionally, dicyandiamide has applications in the pharmaceutical and textile industries.

Dicyandiamide is a white, odorless, and crystalline compound with the chemical formula C2H4N4.
Dicyandiamide is soluble in water, providing versatility in various applications.

Dicyandiamide is known for its high melting point, typically around 209 degrees Celsius.
Dicyandiamide is a derivative of cyanamide and is composed of two cyano groups connected by two amidine groups.

Dicyandiamide is commercially produced through the cyanamide dimerization process.
Dicyandiamide plays a crucial role in the production of melamine, a widely used industrial resin.
Dicyandiamide is utilized as a curing agent in the manufacture of epoxy resins, enhancing their durability and strength.

In the agricultural sector, it is employed as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer due to its gradual decomposition.
Dicyandiamide is known for its low toxicity, making it suitable for various industrial and agricultural applications.

Dicyandiamide is often used in the synthesis of guanidine compounds and other organic derivatives.
Dicyandiamide serves as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs.
Dicyandiamide is a key component in the production of adhesives, particularly those used in the wood and laminating industries.

Due to its ability to release nitrogen gradually, it is used in soil conditioning and fertilization practices.
Dicyandiamide is an essential building block in the synthesis of flame retardants and specialty chemicals.
In the textile industry, it finds application in the creation of color fixatives for dyed fabrics.

Dicyandiamide exhibits stability under various environmental conditions, contributing to its widespread use.
Dicyandiamide has been studied for its potential role in inhibiting microbial activity in certain applications.
Dicyandiamide undergoes decomposition upon heating, releasing ammonia and cyanamide as byproducts.

Dicyandiamide is employed in the electroplating industry as an additive to enhance the properties of metal coatings.
Dicyandiamide is classified as a non-hazardous substance, adhering to safety and environmental regulations.
Dicyandiamide is recognized for its ability to function as a reducing agent in certain chemical processes.
Dicyandiamide is a white, free-flowing powder with good storage stability.

Dicyandiamide is used as a stabilizer and crosslinking agent in the production of certain polymers.
Dicyandiamide is subject to quality control measures to ensure purity and consistency in various applications.
Due to its multifaceted properties, Dicyandiamide continues to be a valuable compound in the chemical, agricultural, and industrial sectors.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight: 84.08 g/mol
Appearance: White, crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 209 degrees Celsius
Solubility in Water: Soluble
Density: 1.40 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Vapor Density: Not applicable
pH: Neutral (around 7 in water)
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Refractive Index: 1.633
Crystal Structure: Crystalline lattice
Hygroscopicity: Non-hygroscopic
Viscosity: Not applicable (solid at room temperature)
Electrical Conductivity: Low electrical conductivity
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Low toxicity
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur
Compatibility: Compatible with many organic solvents and water
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes upon heating



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhalation occurs, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Ensure proper ventilation.

Seek Medical Attention:
If respiratory irritation persists or if symptoms are severe, seek medical attention promptly.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Remove contaminated clothing, including shoes and accessories, while avoiding further exposure.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.

Seek Medical Advice:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes Immediately:
Rinse eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that eyelids are held open.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If present and easily removable, remove contact lenses during the eye-rinsing process.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other eye-related symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the medical personnel with information about the substance ingested.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses or goggles, protective gloves, and suitable protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Engineering Controls:
Use adequate ventilation, such as local exhaust systems, to control airborne concentrations and prevent inhalation exposure.

Avoiding Ingestion:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling the substance, and wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Avoiding Inhalation:
Avoid breathing dust or vapors.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask, if ventilation is insufficient.

Preventing Contamination:
Prevent contamination of clothing, personal items, and work surfaces.
Use dedicated equipment for handling Dicyandiamide.

Safe Handling Procedures:
Follow safe handling procedures and adhere to good industrial hygiene practices.
Do not use compressed air for cleaning surfaces.

Static Electricity:
Ground equipment and containers to prevent the buildup of static electricity.

Storage Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, strong bases, and reducing agents.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label containers with the substance name, hazard information, and appropriate safety symbols.


Storage:

Temperature Control:
Store in a cool, dry place.
Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and heat.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store away from incompatible substances to prevent cross-contamination.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriately labeled and compatible containers made of materials resistant to Dicyandiamide.

Preventing Leaks and Spills:
Use containment measures, such as spill trays or secondary containment, to prevent and contain spills.

Avoiding Container Damage:
Inspect containers regularly for damage or leaks, and replace damaged containers promptly.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations and safety showers, is readily available in the storage area.

Handling Procedures:
Follow proper handling procedures during loading, unloading, and transportation to minimize the risk of spills.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access and tampering with stored substances.

Emergency Response Plan:
Have a comprehensive emergency response plan in place, including procedures for handling spills, leaks, and exposure incidents.

Regulatory Compliance:
Ensure compliance with local, national, and international regulations regarding the storage of hazardous substances.



SYNONYMS


Cyanoguanidine
Carbamidine
N-Cyanoguanidine
DCD
Dicyandiamin
N-Carbamimidoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine
DCDA (Dicyandiamide)
N-Carbamimidoyl-cyanamide
Didroguanidine
4,6-Diamino-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-1,3,5-triazine
Guanidine, N-cyanoguanidino-
2-Cyanoguanidine
N-Cyano-N'-amidino-guanidine
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine
Guanidine, N-cyanimidoyl-
4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine
Guanidine, dicyano-
Amide, (aminoiminomethyl)-
NCN
Guanidine, 2-cyano-
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoimidic acid
4,6-Diamino-s-triazine
Didroguanidin
Cyanoguanidin
N-Cyano-N'-amidinoguanidine
Dicyan
Guanidine, N'-cyano-
Guanidine, N-cyanomethylene-
Guanidine, dicyanoimid
Carbamidoformamidine
Cyanoguanidin
Dicyanimide
Dicyanoguanidine
Guanidine, dicyanamidine-
Amidinoformamidine
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoimidic acid
Guanidine, N'-cyanoformamidine-
N-Carbamoylcyanoguanidine
Carbamoylformamidine
2-Cyanoamidinoimidazoline
Amidinoimidocarbonimidic diamide
4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-carbonitrile
Guanidine, N-cyano-N'-amidino-
Cyanoguanidinimid
Guanidine, dicyanamide, 2- (9CI)
N-Carbamimidoyl-N-cyanoformamidine
Guanidine, amidinocyano-
N-Carbamimidoyl-cyanoguanidine
Amidinoformamidine
2-Cyano-2-iminoacetamide
Amidinoformamidinium
N'-Cyanoformamidine
N-Carbamimidoyl-N-cyanoguanidine
Dicyanoguanidin
Dicyanamide
Cyanoguanidine, N-cyanoformamidinyl-
Guanidine, N'-cyano-N-amidino-
Guanidine, N-carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine-
Dicyanimid
Amidinocyanoguanidine
Guanidine, N-cyanomethylene-N'-cyanoformamidine
Guanidine, dicyanoformamidine-
Amidinecyanoguanidine
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine
2-Cyanoamidinoamidazoline
Amidinecyanoguanidine
Carbamoylaminomethylene dicyanide
Dicyanoformamidine
Guanidine, N-carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidine
N-Carbamoyl-N'-cyanoformamidin
Guanidine, N'-cyano-N-amidino-
Guanidine, N-cyano-N'-amidino-N-carbamoyl-
Amidinoformamidinium
Carbamoylaminomethylene dicyanide
Dicyanoformamidine
DICYANDIAMIDE
Dicyandiamide is a white crystalline powder.
Dicyandiamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2C=NH.
Dicyandiamide is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.


CAS Number: 461-58-5
EC Number: 207-312-8
MDL number: MFCD00008066
Linear Formula: NH2C(=NH)NHCN
Molecular Formula : C2H4N4


Dicyandiamide is a white crystal powder.
Dicyandiamide is soluble in water,alcohol,ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide,insoluble in ether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is nonflammable.


Dicyandiamide is stable when dry.
Dicyandiamide is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of cyanoguanidine.
Dicyandiamide is the dimer of cyanamide or cyanoguanidine, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.


Dicyandiamide is an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins.
Commonly known as dicyandiamide, the white crystalline compound, Dicyandiamide, is the dimer for cyanamide or for cyanoguanidine.
Dicyandiamide crystals melt at 210° C, and are soluble in water and alcohol.


Dicyandiamide, also known as Cyanoguanidine, is a non-hazardous, non-volatile, white crystalline powder with the molecular formula of C2H4N4 and CAS number 461-58-5.
Dicyandiamide is a nitrogen-based molecule (66% by weight) with high reactivity that is used in a wide variety of applications across multiple industries.


Dicyandiamide is a nitrile derived from guanidine.
Dicyandiamide is a dimer of cyanamide, from which it can be prepared.
Dicyandiamide is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents.


Dicyandiamide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Dicyandiamide is an organic compound with the chemical formula (NH2)2C=NH.


Dicyandiamide is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Dicyandiamide is a white crystalline powder.
The solubility in water is 2.26% at 13 C, and the solubility in hot water is larger.


Ammonia gas is produced when the aqueous solution is gradually decomposed at 80 °c.
The solubility of anhydrous ethanol and ether in 13 degrees C, respectively, 1.26% and 0.01%.
Dicyandiamide is soluble in liquid ammonia, insoluble in benzene and chloroform.


Relative density of Dicyandiamide is (d254) 1.40.
Melting point of Dicyandiamide is 209.5 °c.
Dicyandiamide is white crystal powder.


Dicyandiamide is soluble in water,alcohol,ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide, insoluble in ether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is nonflammable.
Dicyandiamide is stable when dry.


Dicyandiamide is stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse.
Dicyandiamide should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and alkalis, avoiding mixed storage.
Dicyandiamide, abbreviation DICY or DCD, is a dimer of cyanamide and is also a cyano derivative of guanidine.


Chemical Formula of Dicyandiamide is C₂H₄N₄.
Dicyandiamide is white crystal powder, which soluble in water, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl formamide, almost insoluble in ether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is nonflammable, stable when dry.


Dicyandiamide, abbreviated DICY or DCDA, which is also known as 2-Cyanoguanidine, is a alkaline, hydrophilic white crystalline compound.
Dicyandiamide is a dimer of cyanogen and a cyanogen derivative of guanidine.
The solubility of Dicyandiamide in water is 2.26% at 13℃, which is higher in hot water.


When aqueous solution is at 80℃, Dicyandiamide will decomposed gradually to produce ammonia.
The solubility in anhydrous ethanol is 1.2% at 13℃, which is soluble in liquid ammonia but insoluble in benzene and chloroform.
Dicyandiamide is a kind of White crystal. Relative density is 1.40. Melting point of Dicyandiamide is 209-212°C.


Dicyandiamide is soluble in water and alcohol, slightly insoluble in aether and benzene.
Dicyandiamide is Stable in dry condition.
Dicyandiamide is an intermediate for synthesis of medicines.


Dicyandiamide is produced from the polymerization of cyanamide in the presence of a base.
Dicyandiamide is typically pure white crystals, stable when dry and soluble in liquid ammonia.
Dicyandiamide is partly soluble in hot water.


Dicyandiamide is non-flammable.
Dicyandiamide is white prismatic crystalline powder.
Dicyandiamide is readily soluble in water, alcohol, and diethyl ether.


Dicyandiamide is soluble in Water (32g/L ) at 20°C
Dicyandiamide is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of cyanoguanidine.
Dicyandiamideis an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICYANDIAMIDE:
Dicyandiamide is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Release to the environment of Dicyandiamide can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Other release to the environment of Dicyandiamide is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Dicyandiamide can be found in products with material based on: leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: fertilisers, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and adhesives and sealants.


Dicyandiamide is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development.
Dicyandiamide is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of Dicyandiamide is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, laboratory chemicals, anti-freeze products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, fertilisers, leather treatment products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Dicyandiamide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: leather treatment products, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Dicyandiamide is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Dicyandiamide is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and chemicals.


Release to the environment of Dicyandiamide can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Dicyandiamidee can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Dicyandiamide is used as fertilizer, nitrocellulose stabilizer, rubber vulcanization accelerator, also used in the preparation of guanidine salt, melamine, barbituric acid, etc.
Dicyandiamide is also the raw material of melamine and the intermediate of synthetic medicine, pesticide and dye


Dicyandiamide, commonly known as dicyandiamide, is a latent curing agent that has long been used, and is widely used in coatings, single packaging adhesives, film adhesives, etc.
Dicyandiamide is white crystal, melting point 207~209 ℃, toxicity is small, but difficult to dissolve in epoxy resin.


It is reported that Dicyandiamide can be dissolved in epoxy resin with a solvent, but dicyandiamide is still mixed with epoxy resin after being pulverized, heated and mixed on a triple roll, or processed by an extruder.
Usually no accelerator mixture, the applicable period of more than half a year.


The curing mechanism of Dicyandiamide is more complex, in addition to four active hydrogen in the reaction, cyano also has reactivity.
In addition, dicyandiamide also has the role of catalytic curing agent.
For E-51 epoxy resin, the theoretical dosage of Dicyandiamide is 11g per g resin, while the actual dosage is 4~10G, especially for Solid epoxy resin.


Dicyandiamide is used epoxy resin curing agent, Starch paste additive, Synthetic detergent stabilizer, Dyestuff, etc.
Dicyandiamide is used in the production of melamine and other chemicals, as well as in the treatment of water and waste.
Dicyandiamide is also used as a flame retardant and a curing agent in the production of adhesives and coatings.


Dicyandiamide is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.


Other uses for Dicyandiamide are in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, oil well-drilling muds, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs.
Dicyandiamide is called DCDA, CAS NO. is 461-58-5, it can be used to produce sewage decolorization agent, used as a fertilizer, cellulose nitrate stabilizers, rubber vulcanization accelerators, etc.


The big advantage of Dicyandiamide is that it is extremely reactive but nevertheless non-hazardous, and because of this it is used in a wide variety of applications.
The largest application field is as a synthetic component for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s), inter alia for the manufacture of the type II anti-diabetes drug Metformin.


Dicyandiamide is used as a raw material in forward-integrated intermediate products for the production of a diverse range of guanadine salts, guanamines and DCD based condensation products; used in air bags, water treatment, flame retardants, textiles, leather tanning and finishing, and pulp and paper finishing auxiliaries.


Dicyandiamide can be used to produce sewage decolorization agent, used as a fertilizer, cellulose nitrate stabilizers, rubber vulcanization accelerators, also used to make plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic varnish, cyanide compound, or a raw material for producing melanin, used for verification of cobalt, nickel, copper and palladium, organic synthesis , nitrocellulose stabilizer, hardener, detergent, vulcanization accelerator, resin synthesis.


Dicyandiamide is primarily used as raw material for active pharmaceutical ingredients production for making anti-diabetic drugs. Dicyandiamide is also used as a curing agent in epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide is also used in production of organic chemicals, which include, water treatment chemicals, slow and controlled nitrogen release fertilizers, dye fixing agents, and pharmaceuticals.


Dicyandiamide is used as an intermediate in the production of fertilizers, flame retardants, coatings, and adhesives.
Dicyandiamide is primarily used in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are used in production of metformin, a preferred drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Electronic grade Dicyandiamide is used as epoxy resin curing agent in copper cladding of electronic information industry, inner film of metal package in food and drink industry, super grade in noxious flame-retardant, plastic additives in package of foodstuff and intermediates in pharmaceutical industry.
Dicyandiamide is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.


Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals, including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizer, pesticides, dye fixing, fire proofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.


Another popular use of Dicyandiamide (DICY) is as a flame retardant additive in the paper and textile industries.
Dicyandiamide can be used as a slow-release fertilizer.
Dicyandiamide also finds applications in the adhesive industry, powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.


Another major application field is the hot-curing of epoxy resins for industrial applications, and in recent years Dicyandiamide has a growing importance as a nitrogen stabiliser for agicultural fertilisers.
Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of barbiturates.


Dicyandiamide is used as a stabilizer of ammonium dinitramide melt.
Dicyandiamide is used as hardener.
Dicyandiamide is the dimer of cyanamide or cyanoguanidine, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.


Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.
Dicyandiamide is also used as a slow fertilizer.


Formerly, Dicyandiamide was used as a fuel in some explosives
Dicyandiamide is used as a slow-release fertilizer.
In the adhesive industry, Dicyandiamide is used as a curing agent for epoxies.


Dicyandiamide is also used as a flame retardant additive in paper and textile industries.
Additional applications of Dicyandiamide include use in powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.


Dicyandiamide is also used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.
Dicyandiamide is used as fertilizer, nitrocellulose stabilizer, rubber vulcanization accelerator, also used in the preparation of guanidine salt, melamine, barbituric acid and so on.


-Applications of Dicyandiamide include:
*Flame retardant additive in timer, paper, and textile industries
*Slow/continuous release nitrogen fertilizer
*Hardener/curing agent in Epoxy resins
*Powder coatings
*Dielectric coatings
*Adhesives
*Water treatment chemicals
*Dye fixing
*Pharmaceutical applications
*Stabilizer compound for PVC flooring
*Floatation depressant in copper ores


-Fertilizer Applications of Dicyandiamide:
Dicyandiamide is used in fertilizer formulations as a slow/continuous release nitrogen source.
There are two major ways in which nitrogen is lost from soil – denitrification and leeching.
Denitrification is loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Leeching is when nitrogen is washed from soil through rain or irrigation.
Dicy has been shown to prevent nitrogen loss through both leeching and de-nitrification in soil.
This helps reduce the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission such as nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching into waterways.



DICYANDIAMIDE FOR EPOXY LAMINATES:
Dicyandiamide, also known as cyanoguanidine, has long been used as a latent curing agent in powder coatings, adhesives and other fields.
Dicyandiamide can be stored at room temperature for up to 6 months after mixing with epoxy resin.
The curing mechanism of dicyandiamide is complex.

Besides the four hydrogens on dicyandiamide, the cyanogroup also has some reactivity.
When Dicyandiamide is used as curing agent of epoxy resin, the curing temperature is very high, generally between 150 ℃ and 170℃.
At this temperature, many devices and materials cannot be used because they cannot bear such temperature, or the curing temperature of one-component epoxy resin must be reduced due to the requirements of the production process.



DICYANDIAMIDE FOR WATER TREATMENT:
Dicyandiamide is white prismatic crystalline powder with a solubility of 2.26% in water at 13℃.
Dicyandiamide is easily soluble in hot water, and it will decompose slowly to produce ammonia when the aqueous solution is above 80℃.
Dicyandiamide is stable when dry, does not burn, low toxicity.

Dicyandiamide is also used in production of organic chemicals, which include, water treatment chemicals, slow and controlled nitrogen release fertilizers, dye fixing agents, and pharmaceuticals.
Dicyandiamide is used as an intermediate in the production of fertilizers, flame retardants, coatings, and adhesives.



APPLICATION METHOD OF DICYANDIAMIDE:
1. Dicyandiamide should be prepared for the water solution of 0.1% as concentration.
Dicyandiamide is better to use neutral and desalted water.
2. Dicyandiamide should be scattered evenly in the stirring water, and the dissolving can be accelerated by warming the water (below 60℃).
3. The most economical dosage can be determined based on a preliminary test.
The pH value of the water to be treated should be adjusted before the treatment.



PRODUCTION AND USE OF DICYANDIAMIDE
Dicyandiamide is produced by treating cyanamide with base. It is produced in soil by decomposition of cyanamide.
A variety of useful compounds are produced from Dicyandiamide, guanidines and melamine.
For example, acetoguanamine and benzoguanamine are prepared by condensation of cyanoguanidine with the nitrile:
(H2N)2C=NCN + RCN → (CNH2)2(CR)N3

Dicyandiamide is also used as a slow fertilizer.
Formerly, Dicyandiamide was used as a fuel in some explosives.
Dicyandiamide is used in the adhesive industry as a curing agent for epoxy resins.



CHEMISTRY OF DICYANDIAMIDE:
Two tautomeric forms exist, differing in the protonation and bonding of the nitrogen to which the nitrile group is attached.
Dicyandiamide can also exist in a zwitterionic form via a formal acid–base reaction among the nitrogens.
Loss of ammonia (NH3) from the zwitterionic form, followed by deprotonation of the remaining central nitrogen atom, gives the dicyanamide anion, [N(CN)2]−.
Dicyandiamide is used as an element of synthesis for production of plastics, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and technical chemicals.



ULTRA-FINE DICYANDIAMIDE:
Ultra-fine Dicyandiamide is primarily used for epoxy powder coatings, film adhesives, electronic potting, etc.
The ultra-fine particles have the storage stability of more than six months, which helps prevent settling and promotes uniform curing.
Epoxy systems cured with ultra-micronized dicyandiamide offer superior adhesion, making it a preferred option for adhesive formulations.
Furthermore, ultra-micronized dicyandiamide is compatible with all epoxy resins such as bisphenol A, novolac, etc. along with a varied range of pigments and fillers.
Moreover, ultra-micronized dicyandiamide is non-toxic.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICYANDIAMIDE:
Appearance : Crystalline powder
Physical State : Solid
Solubility : Soluble in Water: 0.1 g/mL
Storage : Store at 4° C
Melting Point : 208-211° C (lit.)
Molecular Weight: 84.08
Melting Point: 208.0°C to 211.0°C
Color: White
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99.5%
Merck Index: 15, 3103
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 32g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: 38g/L in methanol (20°C)
IUPAC Name: 2-cyanoguanidine
Formula Weight: 84.08
Percent Purity: 99.5%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
EINECS: 207-312-8

Density: 1.42 g/cm3
Melting Point: 208-211 `C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 229.8 `C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 92.8 `C
Solubility: 32 g/L (20 `C) in water
Appearance: white powder
Appearance: White Powder
Heating Loss ,% ≤: 0.3
Calcium Content ,%. ≤: 0.020
Solubility: Easy Dissolving in Water
Dicyandiamide Content ,% ≥: ≥99.5
Shelf Life: 12 Months
Safety: Harmless No-Flammable
EINECS: 207-312-8
Density: 1.42 g/cm3
Melting Point: 208-211 `C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 229.8 `C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 92.8 `C
Solubility: 32 g/L (20 `C) in water
Appearance: white powder

Physical state: solid
Color: colorless
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 208 - 211 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas):
The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 170 °C
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Pow: 0,1; log Pow: -1 at 20 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,4 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Dissociation constant: 2,69 at 20 °C
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molar Mass: 84.08
Density: 1.40
Melting Point: 208-211 °C (lit.)
Boling Point: 144.35°C (rough estimate)
Flash Point: 92.8°C
Water Solubility: 32 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: Soluble in Water: 0.1 g/mL
Vapor Presure: 0.001Pa at 20℃
Appearance: White powder
Color: White
Merck: 14,3092
BRN: 605637

pKa: 0.73±0.70(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.
Sensitive: Easily absorbing moisture
Refractive Index: 1.6260 (estimate)
MDL: MFCD00008066
Melting Point: 209 to 212 degc
Ash: Max0.05%
Storage Temperature: +20 ° C
Molecular Weight: 84
Assay: Min99.5%
Calcium: Max200ppm
Moisture: Max0.3%
Appearance: White crystalline



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICYANDIAMIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Cyanoguanidine
DCD
DCDA
xb2879b
Pyroset DO
epicuredicy7
epicuredicy15
Dicyandiamide
Dicyanodiamide
Cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
N-Cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine, cyano-
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
diamino(cyanoiminio)methane
DCD, Cyanoguanidine
Dicyanodiamide
Guanidine, cyano-
Cyanoguanidine
Dicyanodiamide
N-Cyanoguanidine
Pyroset DO
1-Cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
NCN=C(NH2)2
Dicyanediamide
Dicyandiamin
ACR-H 3636
Araldite HT 986
Araldite XB 2879B
Araldite XB 2979B
Bakelite VE 2560
Epicure DICY 15
Epicure DICY 7
Guanidine, N-cyano-
NSC 2031
XB 2879B
Cyanoguanidine
dicyanodiamide
N-cyanoguanidine
1-cyanoguanidine
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
dicyandiamin
Didin
DCD
Dicy
2-Cyanoguanidine
DCD
cyano-(diaminomethylidene)azanium
XB 2879B
Dyhard 100S
Dyhard 100
Araldite HT 986
Ajicure AH 150
Epicure DICY 7
Epicure DICY
Amicure AH 162
H 3636S
Adeka HT 2844
N-Cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
Amicure CG 1400
Didin
Dicy 100S
Dicyanex 1400B
Dyhard 100SF
Dicyandiamido
Sodium Dicyandiamide
Bakelite VE 2560
Amicure CG 325
1-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine,cyano-
Dicy
Dyhard RU 100
Dicyandiamid
DICYANDIAMIN
3,3-Diaminodenzidein
Dicyanex 200
Dicyanodiamide
N-Cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
CGNA
Dicyandiamide




DICYANDIAMIDE
DICYCLOHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE, N° CAS : 23386-52-9, Nom INCI : DICYCLOHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE, Nom chimique : Sodium 1,4-dicyclohexyl sulphonatosuccinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 245-629-3. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité. Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau.Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Dicyclohexylamine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclohexylamines.
Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine is an inhibitor of spermidine biosynthesis and aminopropyl transferases.


CAS Number: 101-83-7
EC Number: 202-980-7
MDL number: MFCD00011658
Linear Formula: (C6H11)2NH
Chemical formula: C12H23N


Dicyclohexylamine, also known as dicyclohexylammonium, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclohexylamines.
These are organic compounds containing a cyclohexylamine moiety, which consist of a cyclohexane ring attached to an amine group.
Dicyclohexylamine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Dicyclohexylamine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclohexylamines.
These are organic compounds containing a cyclohexylamine moiety, which consist of a cyclohexane ring attached to an amine group.
Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.


Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and a useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid.


Dicyclohexylamine has a characteristic ammonical odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine with CAS No. 101-83-7 is an aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water (0.8 g/L).


Dicyclohexylamine is manufactured by reacting equimolar quantities of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine or cyclohexanone and ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses.
Dicyclohexylamine is reportedly used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, rubber vulcanization accelerators, textiles, and varnishes.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an aliphatic amine.
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
Dicyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine.


Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is slightly soluble in water.
Dicyclohexylamine may be sensitive to air.


Dicyclohexylamine is nonflammable.
Dicyclohexylamine, a secondary amine, is a colorless liquid with a fishy odor that can be used as a precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is a combustible, colorless liquid with a faint amine odor.


Dicyclohexylamine is strongly basic with reactive amine groups which readily form TV-substituted derivatives.
Dicyclohexylamine also forms salts with inorganic and organic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine will also form crystalline hydrates and alcoholates.


Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is less dense than water.
Dicyclohexylamine is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Dicyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare with data available.
Dicyclohexylamine is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.


Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow.
Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dicyclohexylamine is used in the following products: metal working fluids.
Dicyclohexylamine is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.


Other release to the environment of Dicyclohexylamine is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Dicyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Dicyclohexylamine is used in the following products: metal working fluids, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases and polymers.
Dicyclohexylamine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Dicyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Dicyclohexylamine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Dicyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.


Release to the environment of Dicyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Dicyclohexylamine is widely used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to prepare dye intermediates, rubber accelerators, nitrocellulose lacquers, insecticides, catalysts, preservatives, gas phase corrosion inhibitors, and fuel antioxidant additives.


Dicyclohexylamine is also used as an extractant.
The fatty acid salts and sulfates of Dicyclohexylamine have the detergency properties of soaps used in the printing and dyeing and textile industries.
Dicyclohexylamine's metal complex is used as a catalyst for inks and paints.


Dicyclohexylamine is the raw material of food additive sweetener:
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to produce cyclohexylamine sulfonate and sodium cyclamate, which is a sweetener 30 times sweeter than sucrose.
The product name is cyclamate.


Dicyclohexylamine is used for the synthesis of desulfurizers, corrosion inhibitors, vulcanization promoters, emulsifiers, antistatic agents, latex coagulants, petroleum product additives, corrosion inhibitors, fungicides, pesticides, and so on.
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to make paints, varnishes, and detergents.


As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
One of the main uses is in the rubber industry where the Dicyclohexylamine is used as a vulcanization accelerator.
In lubricants and cutting fluids, Dicyclohexylamine does function as a corrosion inhibitor.


Other applications of Dicyclohexylamine are e.g. dyes (as of dye precursor) or use as a plasticizer.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate for the production of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerator.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as a catalyst for flexible polyurethane foams.


Dicyclohexylamine is also used in agrochemicals and textile chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
Dicyclohexylamine is used to make paints, varnishes, and detergents.


Dicyclohexylamine is used as a vulcanization accelerator.
In lubricants and cutting fluids it does function as a corrosion inhibitor.
Reagent for preparation of crystalline amino acid derivative salts.


Dicyclohexylamine was used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
Dicyclohexylamine was used to develop a new palladium catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine was used as extractant in determination of gold(III) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.


Dicyclohexylamine is used Industrial solvent; corrosion inhibitor.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


Dicyclohexylamine is used mainly to manufacture corrosion inhibitors, paper and textile additives and vulcanization accelerators.
The numerous other applications of Dicyclohexylamine include oil additives, plasticizers and dye precursors.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as organic intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pyroxyline varnish, insecticides, catalysts etc.


Dicyclohexylamine is used to make drugs, soaps, detergents, vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors, dyestuffs, emulsifying agents, and acid gas absorbents.
Dicyclohexylamine is also used in insecticides and as a plasticizer, antioxidant (rubber, lubricating oils, and fuels), catalyst (paints, varnishes, and inks), and extractant (natural products).


-Applications of Dicyclohexylamine:
Dicyclohexylamine has applications that are similar to those of cyclohexylamine, namely the production of:
*antioxidants in rubber and plastics
*vulcanization accelerators for rubber
*corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers
*agrochemicals
*textile chemicals
*catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams


-Industrial uses of Dicyclohexylamine:
Dicyclohexylamine is a widely used chemical intermediate.
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to absorb acidic gases, to preserve rubber latex, to plasticize casein, and to neutralize plant and insect poisons.
Metal complexes of Dicyclohexylamine are catalysts used in the paint, varnish, and ink industries.
Dicyclohexylamine salts of fatty acids and sulfuric acid have soap and detergent properties used in the printing and textile industries.
One of the most important uses of Dicyclohexylamine is as a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine is used to protect packaged or stored ferrous metals from atmospheric corrosion



SYNTHESIS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine, as a mixture with cyclohexylamine, is prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline (phenylamine), with a catalyst of ruthenium and/or palladium.
This method produces mainly cyclohexylamine with little Dicyclohexylamine.
Better results have been reported when the catalyst is applied to a support of niobic acid and/or tantalic acid.
Dicyclohexylamine is also obtained by reductive amination of cyclohexanone with ammonia or cyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine may also be prepared by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium catalyst, or by the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst under a hydrogen pressure of about 4 mm Hg.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
*Dialkylamines
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
*Cyclohexylamine
*Secondary amine
*Secondary aliphatic amine
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Amine
*Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine is a combustible, colorless liquid with a faint amine odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is strongly basic with reactive amine groups which readily form TV-substituted derivatives.
Dicyclohexylamine also forms salts with inorganic and organic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine will also form crystalline hydrates and alcoholates.



PROPERTIES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine is a strongly basic, clear, colorless liquid amine.
Dicyclohexylamine has a characteristic amine odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine is readily miscible in common organic solvents, but is only slightly miscible in water.
Dicyclohexylamine is inflammable.
Specific wt. of Dicyclohexylamine is (d1515℃)0.913-0.919; freezing point: -0.1℃; refractive index: (nd23℃)1.4823; flash point: 210°W.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Several methods are employed for the manufacture of Dicyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine can be manufactured by hydrogenation of equimolar amounts of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine.
Alternatively, Dicyclohexylamine can be prepared by vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unreacted aniline, and a high boiling residue comprised of N-phenylcyclohexylamine and Dicyclohexylamine.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine reacts with oxidizing agents.
Dicyclohexylamine forms crystalline salts with many N-protected amino acids.
Dicyclohexylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
Dicyclohexylamine may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -2 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 256 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point 96 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 255 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 11 at 1 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,8 g/l at 25 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: -0,4 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 16 hPa at 37,7 °C
Density: 0,91 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 7,26
Molecular Wt.: 181.32
Sp. Gr. at 20ºC: 0.91-0.92
Refractive Index at 20ºC: 1.483-1.485
Boiling Point: 256°C
Freezing Point: -1°C
Solubility in water: Sparingly soluble
Flash Point (closed cup): 98-103°C
Vapour Pressures
Pressure in mm of Hg Temperature in °C
40 148
100 176
300 213
760 256
Melting point: -2 °C
Boiling point: 256 °C
Density: 0.912 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 6 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 12 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)

refractive index: n20/D 1.4842(lit.)
Flash point: 205 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: organic solvents: soluble
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 10.4(at 25℃)
color: White to off-white
Odor: amine odor
PH: 11 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 0.8-4.6%(V)
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)
Freezing Point: -2℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,3095
BRN: 605923
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-NLogP: 2.724 at 25℃
Molecular Weight: 181.32 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 181.183049738 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 181.183049738 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 12Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 116
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting Point: -2.0°C
Color: White
Density: 0.9100g/mL
Boiling Point: 256.0°C
Flash Point: 103°C

Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99% min. (GC)
Linear Formula: (C6H11)2NH
Refractive Index: 1.4832 to 1.4852
Quantity: 2.5 L
Beilstein: 12,6
Fieser: 01,231
Merck Index: 15,3106
Specific Gravity: 0.91
Solubility Information:
Solubility in water: 0.8g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: miscible with most common organic solvents
Viscosity: 7.4 mPa.s (20°C)
Formula Weight: 181.32
Percent Purity: 99+%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Dicyclohexylamine
CAS number: 101-83-7
EC index number: 612-066-00-3
EC number: 202-980-7

Hill Formula: C₁₂H₂₃N
Chemical formula: (C₆H₁₁)₂NH
Molar Mass: 181.32 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 30 99
Boiling point: 256 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.91 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 - 4.6 %(V)
Flash point: 96 °C
Ignition temperature: 240 °C
Melting Point: -0.1 °C
pH value: 11 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 16 hPa (37.7 °C)
Solubility: 1 g/l
Chemical formula: C12H23N
Molar mass: 181.323 g·mol−1
Appearance: Pale yellow liquid
Density: 0.912 g/cm3
Melting point: −0.1 °C (31.8 °F; 273.0 K)
Boiling point: 255.8 °C (492.4 °F; 529.0 K)
Solubility in water: 0.8 g/L

Boiling point, °C: 256
Flash point, °C: 96
Upper Explosive Limit, %: 4.6
Lower Explosive Limit, %: 0.8
Density, g.cm⁻³: 0.912
Ionisation Energy, eV: 8.5
Molecular Weight: 181.31800
Exact Mass: 181.32
EC Number: 202-980-7
UNII: 1A93RJW924
ICSC Number: 1339
NSC Number: 3399
UN Number: 2565
DSSTox ID: DTXSID6025018
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID
HScode: 2921300090
PSA: 12.03000
XLogP3: 3.63230
Density: 0.9104 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: -0.1 °C

Boiling Point: 255.8 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point: 103ºC
Refractive Index: 1.4832-1.4852
Water Solubility: Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25°C: 0.08
Storage Conditions: Store at RT.
Vapor Pressure: 12 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)
Vapor Density: 6 (vs air)
Explosive limit: vol% in air: 0.9.9
Odor: FAINT FISHY ODOR
PH: STRONG BASE
Dissociation Constants: pKa = 10.4
Experimental Properties: READILY FORMS ADDUCTS WITH SOLVENTS
Air and Water Reactions:
Slightly soluble in water.
May be sensitive to air.
Reactive Group: Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines
Autoignition Temperature: 255 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
101-83-7
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
DCHA
Dicha
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
Dicyklohexylamin
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
NSC 3399
CCRIS 6228
HSDB 4018
EINECS 202-980-7
UN2565
UNII-1A93RJW924
BRN 0605923
MLS002174250
CHEBI:34694
AI3-15334
1A93RJW924
NCGC00090955-03
SMR001224510
DCH
DTXSID6025018
NSC-3399
C12H23N
EC 202-980-7
4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID005018
CAS-101-83-7
dicydohexylamine
dicylohexylamine
dicylcohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Cyclohexanamine, N -cyclohexyl-
di-cyclohexylamine
dicyclohexyl-amine
Dicyclohexyl amine
Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP)
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Sodium Cyclamate Impurity D
bis-cyclohexylamine
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cy2NH
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamine, 99%
Dicyclohexylamine, 99+%
DSSTox_CID_5018
SCHEMBL500
cid_7582
DSSTox_RID_77630
NCIOpen2_002862
DSSTox_GSID_25018
Oprea1_024913
N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE
MLS002152900
BIDD:ER0258
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ
Ciclohexanamina, N-ciclohexil-
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CHEMBL1451838
BDBM74256
NSC3399
HMS3741I15
STR04129
Tox21_111044
Tox21_201771
Tox21_303097
BBL002970
LS-340
MFCD00011658
NA2565
STK379549
Dicyclohexylamine, analytical standard
AKOS000119059
Tox21_111044_1
UN 2565
NCGC00090955-01
NCGC00090955-02
NCGC00090955-04
NCGC00090955-05
NCGC00090955-06
NCGC00257081-01
NCGC00259320-01
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565]
Dicyclohexylamine Dodecahydro diphenylamine
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565]
D0435
FT-0624742
EN300-17273
A11830
AG-617/02036022
Q425368
J-000503
F2190-0312
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (SEE ALSO DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE NITRITE 3129-91-7)
InChI=1/C12H23N/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-13H,1-10H
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-, sulfate (1:1)
Dicyclohexylamine hydrochloride
Dicyclohexylamine nitrate
Dicyclohexylamine nitrite
Dicyclohexylamine phosphate (3:1)
Dicyclohexylamine sulfate
Dicyclohexylamine sulfate (1:1)
Dicyclohexylammonium
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
D-CHA-T
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
NSC 3399
Dicyclohexylamin
N,N-Dicyclohexylamin
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamin
Dodecahydrodiphenylamin
DCHA
Aminodicyclohexane
Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyklohexylamin
DCH
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
Dcha
Dicha
N,N-Diclohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
DCHA
N-cyclohexyl-Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
n,n-dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamin
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA)
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
(2S,4R)-4-(tert-butoxy)-1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Dicha
Cyclohexanamine,N-cyclohexyl-
Dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
NSC 3399
D-CHA-T
111487-88-8
111487-93-5
111522-94-2
157973-63-2
856793-27-6
878781-89-6
N,N-dicyclohexylamine
dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
dicyklohexylamin
DCH
N-cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
N,N-diclohexylamine
Dcha
dicha
aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
DCH
DCHA
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine






DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
DESCRIPTION:
Dicyclohexylamine is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.
Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow.
Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.

CAS Number: 101-83-7
EC Number: 202-980-7

Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.


Dicyclohexylamine appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is Less dense than water.
Dicyclohexylamine May be toxic by ingestion.

Dicyclohexylamine Severely irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Dicyclohexylamine is Used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.

Dicyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare with data available.


Dicyclohexylamine has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and a useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine can be used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.

Dicyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid.
Dicyclohexylamine has a characteristic ammonical odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate for the production of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerator.

Dicyclohexylamine is used as a catalyst for flexible polyurethane foams.
Dicyclohexylamine is also used in agrochemicals and textile chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is Used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) with CAS No. 101-83-7 is an aliphatic amine.
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
One of the main uses is in the rubber industry where the DCHA Dicyclohexylamine is used as a vulcanization accelerator.

In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine does function as a corrosion inhibitor.
Here it should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Other applications of DCHA Dicyclohexylamine are in e.g dyes (as of dye precursor) or the use as a plasticizer.


Dicyclohexylamine is a strongly basic, clear, colorless liquid amine.
The material has a characteristic amine odor and tends to darken on standing. Dicyclohexylamine is readily miscible in common organic solvents, but is only slightly miscible in water.
Dicyclohexylamine is inflammable, highly toxic. Specific wt.(d1515℃)0.913-0.919; freezing point: -0.1℃; refractive index: (nd23℃)1.4823; flash point: 210°W.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and cutting fluids.
Amines are added to the lubricant and fluid emulsions to act as a pH stabilizer and keep the pH high DHCA has the benefit that it does not form nitrosamines when being used.


Dicyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine with chemical formula C12H23N.
Dicyclohexylamine appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.






SYNTHESIS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine, as a mixture with cyclohexylamine, is prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline (phenylamine), with a catalyst of ruthenium and/or palladium.
This method produces mainly cyclohexylamine with little dicyclohexylamine.
Better results have been reported when the catalyst is applied to a support of niobic acid and/or tantalic acid.

Dicyclohexylamine is also obtained by reductive amination of cyclohexanone with ammonia or cyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine may also be prepared by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium catalyst, or by the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst under a hydrogen pressure of about 4 mm Hg.



APPLICATIONS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Dicyclohexylamine has applications that are similar to those of cyclohexylamine, namely the production of:
• antioxidants in rubber and plastics
• vulcanization accelerators for rubber
• corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers
• agrochemicals
• textile chemicals
• catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams

Dicyclohexylamine was used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry
Dicyclohexylamine was used to develop a new palladium catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids
Dicyclohexylamine was used as extractant in determination of gold(III) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry


Dicyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate for the production of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerator.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as a catalyst for flexible polyurethane foams.
Dicyclohexylamine is also used in agrochemicals and textile chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine is Used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.


Dicyclohexylamine is used mainly to manufacture corrosion inhibitors, paper and textile additives and vulcanization accelerators.
The numerous other applications of Dicyclohexylamine include oil additives, plasticizers and dye precursors.
Dicyclohexylamine is used as organic intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pyroxyline varnish, insecticides, catalysts etc.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product







CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
Chemical formula C12H23N
Molar mass 181.323 g•mol−1
Appearance Pale yellow liquid
Density 0.912 g/cm3
Melting point −0.1 °C (31.8 °F; 273.0 K)
Boiling point 255.8 °C (492.4 °F; 529.0 K)
Solubility in water 0.8 g/L
Molecular Weight 181.32 g/mol
XLogP3-AA 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 2
Exact Mass 181.183049738 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 181.183049738 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 12Ų
Heavy Atom Count 13
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 116
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
CAS number 101-83-7
EC index number 612-066-00-3
EC number 202-980-7
Hill Formula C₁₂H₂₃N
Chemical formula (C₆H₁₁)₂NH
Molar Mass 181.32 g/mol
HS Code 2921 30 11
Boiling point 256 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.91 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 0.8 - 4.6 %(V)
Flash point 96 °C
Ignition temperature 240 °C
Melting Point -0.1 °C
pH value 11 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 16 hPa (37.7 °C)
Solubility 1 g/l
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 0.911 - 0.914
Water (K. F.) ≤ 0.30 %
Identity (IR) passes test
Empirical Formula C12H23N
Molecular Wt. 181.32
Sp. Gr. at 20ºC 0.91-0.92
Refractive Index at 20ºC 1.483-1.485
Boiling Point 256°C
Freezing Point -1°C
Solubility in water Sparingly soluble
Flash Point (closed cup) 98-103°C
Appearance (Clarity) Clear
Appearance (Colour) Colourless
Appearance (Form) Liquid
Assay (GC) min. 99%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C 0.910-0.912
Refractive Index (20°C) 1.484-1.485
Water (KF) max. 0.1%
Dicyclohexylamine 99.5429 %
Moisture 0.0200 %
Chromaticity 15 Hz
Aniline 0.0000
Cyclohexylamine 0.0181 %
Cyclohexanol 0.0140 %
Cyclohexane 0.0000 %








SYNONYMS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE:
cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-, sulfate (1:1)
dicyclohexylamine
dicyclohexylamine hydrochloride
dicyclohexylamine nitrate
dicyclohexylamine nitrite
dicyclohexylamine phosphate (3:1)
dicyclohexylamine sulfate
dicyclohexylamine sulfate (1:1)
dicyclohexylammonium
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
101-83-7
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
DCHA
Dicha
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
Dicyklohexylamin
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
Dicyklohexylamin [Czech]
NSC 3399
CCRIS 6228
HSDB 4018
EINECS 202-980-7
UN2565
UNII-1A93RJW924
BRN 0605923
MLS002174250
CHEBI:34694
AI3-15334
1A93RJW924
NCGC00090955-03
SMR001224510
DCH
DTXSID6025018
NSC-3399
C12H23N
EC 202-980-7
4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID005018
CAS-101-83-7
dicydohexylamine
dicylohexylamine
dicylcohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Cyclohexanamine, N -cyclohexyl-
di-cyclohexylamine
dicyclohexyl-amine
Dicyclohexyl amine
Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP); N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine; Sodium Cyclamate Impurity D
bis-cyclohexylamine
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cy2NH
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamine, 99%
Dicyclohexylamine, 99+%
DSSTox_CID_5018
SCHEMBL500
cid_7582
DSSTox_RID_77630
NCIOpen2_002862
DSSTox_GSID_25018
Oprea1_024913
N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE
MLS002152900
BIDD:ER0258
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ
Ciclohexanamina, N-ciclohexil-
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CHEMBL1451838
BDBM74256
NSC3399
HMS3741I15
STR04129
Tox21_111044
Tox21_201771
Tox21_303097
BBL002970
LS-340
MFCD00011658
NA2565
STK379549
Dicyclohexylamine, analytical standard
AKOS000119059
Tox21_111044_1
UN 2565
NCGC00090955-01
NCGC00090955-02
NCGC00090955-04
NCGC00090955-05
NCGC00090955-06
NCGC00257081-01
NCGC00259320-01
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565] [Corrosive]
Dicyclohexylamine Dodecahydro diphenylamine
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565] [Corrosive]
D0435
FT-0624742
EN300-17273
A11830
AG-617/02036022
Q425368
J-000503
F2190-0312
Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP): N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (SEE ALSO DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE NITRITE 3129-91-7)
InChI=1/C12H23N/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-13H,1-10H
AMINODICYCLOHEXANE
BIS(CYCLOHEXYL)AMINE
DCHA
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
DODECAHYDRODIPHENYLAMINE
N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
N-CYCLOHEXANAMINE
N-CYCLOHEXYLCYCLOHEXANAMIDE
N-CYCLOHEXYLCYCLOHEXANAMINE
PERHYDRODIPHENYLAMINE
101-83-7 [RN]
1A93RJW924
202-980-7 [EINECS]
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl- [ACD/Index Name]
Dicyclohexylamine [Wiki]
HY4025000
MFCD00011658 [MDL number]
N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine [ACD/IUPAC Name]
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
122-39-4 [RN]
4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
DCH
DCHA
Dicha
Dicyclohexyl-amine
Dicyclohexylamine;Dodecahydro diphenylamine
dicyclohexylammonium
Dicyklohexylamin
Dodecahydro diphenylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
dodecahydrophenylamine
N, N-Dicyclohexylamine
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE
NCGC00090955-03
n-cyclohexanamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
Oprea1_024913
perhydrodiphenylamine
ST5207418
STR04129
UN 2565
UNII-1A93RJW924
WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ



DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA)
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) with CAS No. 101-83-7 is an aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a primary aliphatic amine.


CAS Number: 101-83-7
EC Number: 202-980-7
MDL number: MFCD00011658
Linear Formula: (C6H11)2NH
Chemical formula: C12H23N


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is less dense than water.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a primary aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare with data available.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.


As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) may also be prepared by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium catalyst, or by the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst under a hydrogen pressure of about 4 mm Hg.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) with CAS No. 101-83-7 is an aliphatic amine.
Other applications of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) are in e.g dyes (as of dye precursor) or the use as a plasticizer.
Connect Chemicals does have its own REACh registration for Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) so that supplies in Europe are fully compliant.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a fishy odor, typical for amines.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and a useful precursor to other chemicals.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a characteristic ammonical odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an aliphatic amine.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a primary aliphatic amine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is less dense than water.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is non flammable.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a strongly basic, clear, colorless liquid amine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a characteristic amine odor and tends to darken on standing.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is readily miscible in common organic solvents, but is only slightly miscible in water.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is inflammable.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), more commonly recognized as DCHA, stands as an exceptional cyclic secondary amine that has evolved to become an essential foundation in a myriad of organic synthesis operations.


Displaying itself as a transparent to yellow liquid, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) permeates an unmistakable amine-based scent.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a clear, colorless liquid that belongs to the amine family of organic compounds.
The Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market has been witnessing significant growth in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue in the future.


The increasing demand for specialty chemicals and the growing pharmaceutical industry are the major drivers for market growth.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)’s diverse range of applications in these industries, including its use as a catalyst, solvent, or raw material, contributes to its market expansion.


Additionally, the rising investment in research and development activities for the development of new drugs and specialty chemicals is anticipated to boost the demand for Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Moreover, the growing focus on sustainable and eco-friendly processes is leading to the replacement of traditional chemicals with Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) due to its low toxicity and environmental impact.


Geographically, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to dominate the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market during the forecasted period.
The region’s rapidly expanding pharmaceutical industry, supported by the presence of key market players and increasing investments in infrastructure development, is driving the demand for Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).


Furthermore, the growing population and urbanization in emerging economies like China and India are also contributing to market growth.
Overall, the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of % during the forecasted period.
Factors such as the increasing demand for specialty chemicals, the growth of the pharmaceutical industry, and the shift towards sustainable practices are expected to propel the market forward.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless to pale yellow transparent oily liquid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a slight smell of ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is slightly soluble in water, Miscible with organic solvents.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) exhibits its usefulness across diverse sectors such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals among others.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)'s salient features owe to the unique properties it bears.
DCHA is a colorless clear liquid with strong alkalinity and harsh amine odor.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is inflammable.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be dissolved in water and organics.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless transparent oily liquid with a faint odor of ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is slightly soluble in water and can be mixed with organic solvents.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a vulcanization accelerator.
In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does function as a corrosion inhibitor.


Here it should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Reagent for preparation of crystalline amino acid derivative salts.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used to develop a new palladium catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used as extractant in determination of gold(III) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is manufactured by reacting equimolar quantities of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine or cyclohexanone and ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is reportedly used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, rubber vulcanization accelerators, textiles, and varnishes.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an aliphatic amine.
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a vulcanization accelerator.


In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does function as a corrosion inhibitor.
Here it should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and cutting fluids.


Amines are added to the lubricant and fluid emulsions to act as a pH stabilizer and keep the pH high Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has the benefit that it does not form nitrosamines when being used.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has applications that are similar to those of cyclohexylamine, namely the production of: antioxidants in rubber and plastics, vulcanization accelerators for rubber, corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers, agrochemicals, textile chemicals, and catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams.


As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
One of the main uses is in the rubber industry where the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a vulcanization accelerator.
In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does function as a corrosion inhibitor.


Here it should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) salts of fatty acids and sulfuric acid have soap and detergent properties useful to the printing and textile industries.
Metal complexes of DI-CHA are used as catalysts in the paint, varnish, the ink industries.


Several vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors are solid DI-CHA derivatives.
These compounds are slightly volatile at normal temperatures and are used to protect packaged or stored ferrous metals from atmospheric corrosion.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also used for a number of other purposes: plasticizers, insecticidal formulations; antioxidant in lubricating oils, fuels, and rubber; and as an extractant.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used industrial solvent; corrosion inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used mainly to manufacture corrosion inhibitors, paper and textile additives and vulcanization accelerators.


The numerous other applications of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) include oil additives, plasticizers and dye precursors.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as organic intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pyroxyline varnish, insecticides, catalysts etc.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used antioxidants in rubber and plastics, vulcanization accelerators for rubber, corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers, textile chemicals, catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams, corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and cutting fluids.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has the benefit that it does not form nitrosamines when being used.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Agricultural Chemicals, Chemical Synthesis, Corrosion Inhibitors, Flame Retardants, Industrial Chemicals, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Polyurethane coatings, Polyurethane foams, Textile Auxiliaries, Accelerators, Antioxidants, Catalysts.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as an intermediate for the production of antioxidants and vulcanization accelerator.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a catalyst for flexible polyurethane foams.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also used in agrochemicals and textile chemicals.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used in organic synthesis, also used as pesticides, acid gas absorbers and steel rust inhibitor.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as natural products, synthetic organic extractants, acid gas absorbents.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a specialty chemical intermediate and has a number of uses in various industries ranging from automotive, oil, petrochemicals and energy to plastics, polymers, and water treatment.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and other specialty chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is known for its high stability, low volatility, and compatibility with a wide range of substances, making it a preferred choice in various industrial applications.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Preparation of dyes intermediate.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Rubber accelerator, nitro fiber paint.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Nitro fiber paint.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Pesticides, catalysts, preservatives.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Vapor phase inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used Fuel antioxidant additives.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used in organic synthesis and as pesticides, acid gas absorbent, steel anti-rust agents etc.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used in synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as organic intermediate for the manufacture of dyes, pyroxyline varnish, insecticides, catalysts etc.


Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a catalyst for paints, varnishes and inks.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also used to produce corrosion inhibitors, textile and paper additives and vulcanization accelerators.



INDUSTRIAL USES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a widely used chemical intermediate.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used to absorb acidic gases, to preserve rubber latex, to plasticize casein, and to neutralize plant and insect poisons.
Metal complexes of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) are catalysts used in the paint, varnish, and ink industries.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) salts of fatty acids and sulfuric acid have soap and detergent properties used in the printing and textile industries.
One of the most important uses of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is as a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to protect packaged or stored ferrous metals from atmospheric corrosion



FEATURES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
*Purity: Astoundingly high, peaking at 99%
*Stability: Composed to endure with a comprehensive shelf life
*Reactivity: Maintains an inert stance against a variety of laboratory reagents
*Soluble: Dissolves easily in a broad spectrum of organic solvents
*Boiling Point: Structured to support high-temperature reactions



DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA) - MARKET:
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), an aliphatic amine, is a versatile intermediate with an wide range of applications.
The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) in various end use industries.

The expanding demands from the Dyes, Rubber Accelerator, Pestcide and Others, are propelling Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) market.
98% Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), one of the segments analysed in this report, is projected to record % CAGR and reach US$ million by the end of the analysis period.
Growth in the 99% Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.

Asia Pacific shows high growth potential for Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) market, driven by demand from China, the second largest economy with some signs of stabilising, the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) market in China is forecast to reach US$ million by 2029, trailing a CAGR of % over the 2023-2029 period, while the U.S. market will reach US$ million by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of % during the same period.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is strongly basic with reactive amine groups which readily form TV-substituted derivatives.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) also forms salts with inorganic and organic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) will also form crystalline hydrates and alcoholates.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a combustible, colorless liquid with a faint amine odor.



SYNTHESIS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), as a mixture with cyclohexylamine, is prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline (phenylamine), with a catalyst of ruthenium and/or palladium.
This method produces mainly cyclohexylamine with little Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Better results have been reported when the catalyst is applied to a support of niobic acid and/or tantalic acid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also obtained by reductive amination of cyclohexanone with ammonia or cyclohexylamine.



METABOLISM OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
The extensive use of cyclamates as artificial sweeteners a number of years ago led to extensive study on the metabolism and carcinogenicity of cyclohexylamine, a metabolic product of cyclamate.
However, there is little such information available concerning Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).

Filov (1968) investigated the metabolism of cyclohexylamine and Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Both amines were readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract.
In addition, they rapidly entered the bloodstream following inhalation and penetrated intact skin.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Several methods are employed for the manufacture of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be manufactured by hydrogenation of equimolar amounts of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine.
Alternatively, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be prepared by vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unreacted aniline, and a high boiling residue comprised of N-phenylcyclohexylamine and Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).



AIR AND WATER RECTIONS OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is slightly soluble in water.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) may be sensitive to air.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) reacts with oxidizing agents.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) forms crystalline salts with many N-protected amino acids .
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.



DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA) MARKET ANALYSIS AND LATEST TRENDS:
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH2)6NH.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor and is soluble in organic solvents but immiscible with water.

The Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period.
The market of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is driven by the increasing demand for corrosion inhibitors in various end-use industries such as oil & gas, petrochemicals, and power generation.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as an effective corrosion inhibitor in these industries to protect metal equipment and structures from deterioration caused by corrosion.

Moreover, the growing demand for rubber accelerators, mainly in the automotive industry, is further fueling the market growth.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an important component in the production of rubber accelerators, which are used to improve the processing and performance characteristics of rubber in various applications, including tires and automotive components.

Furthermore, the rising focus on sustainable development and environmental regulations is driving the demand for bio-based and eco-friendly chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) derived from bio-based sources is gaining popularity in the market due to its lower environmental impact.
This trend is expected to drive the growth of the market during the forecast period.

In conclusion, the Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.3% during the forecast period.
The market of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is driven by the increasing demand for corrosion inhibitors, rubber accelerators, and the shift towards bio-based chemicals.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
Molecular Weight: 181.32 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 181.183049738 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 181.183049738 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 12Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 116
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 101-83-7
EC index number: 612-066-00-3
EC number: 202-980-7
Hill Formula: C₁₂H₂₃N
Chemical formula: (C₆H₁₁)₂NH
Molar Mass: 181.32 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 30 11
Boiling point: 256 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.91 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 - 4.6 %(V)

Flash point: 96 °C
Ignition temperature: 240 °C
Melting Point: -0.1 °C
pH value: 11 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 16 hPa (37.7 °C)
Solubility: 1 g/l
Chemical formula: C12H23N
Molar mass: 181.323 g·mol−1
Appearance: Pale yellow liquid
Density: 0.912 g/cm3
Melting point: −0.1 °C (31.8 °F; 273.0 K)
Boiling point: 255.8 °C (492.4 °F; 529.0 K)
Solubility in water: 0.8 g/L
Formula: C12H23N

CAS No.: 101-83-7
EC No.: 202-980-7
Empirical Formula: C12H23N
Molecular Wt.: 181.32
Sp. Gr.: at 20ºC 0.91-0.92
Refractive Index at 20ºC: 1.483-1.485
Boiling Point: 256°C
Freezing Point: -1°C
Solubility in water: Sparingly soluble
Flash Point (closed cup): 98-103°C
Vapour Pressures:
Pressure in mm of Hg Temperature in °C
40 148
100 176
300 213
760 256

CBNumber:CB6852609
Molecular Formula:C12H23N
Molecular Weight:181.32
MDL Number:MFCD00011658
MOL File:101-83-7.mol
Melting point: -2 °C
Boiling point: 256 °C
Density: 0.912 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 6 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 12 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.4842(lit.)
Flash point: 205 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: organic solvents: soluble

form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 10.4(at 25℃)
color: White to off-white
Odor: amine odor
PH: 11 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 0.8-4.6%(V)
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)
FreezingPoint: -2℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,3095
BRN: 605923
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.724 at 25℃

Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
CAS DataBase Reference: 101-83-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 1A93RJW924
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-(101-83-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicyclohexylamine (101-83-7)
Melting Point: -2.0°C
Color: White
Density: 0.9100g/mL
Boiling Point: 256.0°C
Flash Point: 103°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99% min. (GC)

Linear Formula: (C6H11)2NH
Refractive Index: 1.4832 to 1.4852
Beilstein: 12,6
Fieser: 01,231
Merck Index: 15,3106
Specific Gravity: 0.91
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 0.8g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: miscible with most common organic solvents
Viscosity: 7.4 mPa.s (20°C)
Formula Weight: 181.32
Percent Purity: 99+%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Dicyclohexylamine



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE
101-83-7
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
DCHA
Dicha
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
Dicyklohexylamin
N,N-Diclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
NSC 3399
MLS002174250
CHEBI:34694
1A93RJW924
NCGC00090955-03
SMR001224510
DCH
DTXSID6025018
NSC-3399
Dicyklohexylamin [Czech]
DTXCID005018
CCRIS 6228
HSDB 4018
EINECS 202-980-7
UN2565
CAS-101-83-7
UNII-1A93RJW924
BRN 0605923
AI3-15334
dicydohexylamine
dicylohexylamine
dicylcohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
di-cyclohexylamine
dicyclohexyl-amine
Dicyclohexyl amine
Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP)
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Sodium Cyclamate Impurity D
bis-cyclohexylamine
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
Cy2NH
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamine, 99%
SCHEMBL500
EC 202-980-7
cid_7582
NCIOpen2_002862
Oprea1_024913
N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE
4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002152900
BIDD:ER0258
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CHEMBL1451838
BDBM74256
NSC3399
HMS3741I15
STR04129
Tox21_111044
Tox21_201771
Tox21_303097
MFCD00011658
Dicyclohexylamine, analytical standard
AKOS000119059
Tox21_111044_1
UN 2565
NCGC00090955-01
NCGC00090955-02
NCGC00090955-04
NCGC00090955-05
NCGC00090955-06
NCGC00257081-01
NCGC00259320-01
Dicyclohexylamine Dodecahydro diphenylamine
Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565]
D0435
FT-0624742
EN300-17273
A11830
AG-617/02036022
Q425368
J-000503
F2190-0312
InChI=1/C12H23N/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-13H,1-10H
Dicyclohexylamin
N,N-Dicyclohexylamin
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamin
Dodecahydrodiphenylamin
DCHA
Aminodicyclohexane
Cyclohexanamine
DCHA
N-cyclohexyl-Cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-
n,n-dicyclohexylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyclohexylamin;DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA)
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
(2S,4R)-4-(tert-butoxy)-1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Dicha
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-Dicyclohexylamine
Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
N,N-Dicyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
Dicyklohexylamin
DCH
N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine
Dcha
Dicha
N,N-Diclohexylamine
Aminodicyclohexane
Bis(cyclohexyl)amine
DCHA
Aminodicyclohexane
di-cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-




DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (DCHA)
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(C6H11)2.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has a fishy odor, typical for amines.

CAS: 101-83-7
MF: C12H23N
MW: 181.32
EINECS: 202-980-7

Synonyms
DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE;DCHA;DODECAHYDRODIPHENYLAMINE;AURORA KA-7610;Dicyclohexylamin;CYCLOHEXANAMINE,N-CYCLOHEXY;DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE (SEE 2560);DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE, 99% (SEE 2551);DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE;N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine;101-83-7;Cyclohexanamine, N-cyclohexyl-;DCHA;Dicha;N,N-Dicyclohexylamine;Dodecahydrodiphenylamine
;Dicyklohexylamin;N,N-Diclohexylamine;N-Cyclohexyl-cyclohexylamine;NSC 3399;MLS002174250;CHEBI:34694;1A93RJW924;NCGC00090955-03;SMR001224510;DCH;DTXSID6025018;NSC-3399;Dicyklohexylamin [Czech];DTXCID005018;CCRIS 6228;HSDB 4018;EINECS 202-980-7;UN2565;CAS-101-83-7;UNII-1A93RJW924;BRN 0605923;AI3-15334;dicydohexylamine;dicylohexylamine;dicylcohexylamine;Aminodicyclohexane;di-cyclohexylamine;dicyclohexyl-amine;Dicyclohexyl amine;Sodium Cyclamate Imp. D (EP); N-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine; Sodium Cyclamate Impurity D;bis-cyclohexylamine;Bis(cyclohexyl)amine;Cy2NH;Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine;Dicyclohexylamine, 99%;SCHEMBL500;EC 202-980-7;cid_7582;NCIOpen2_002862;Oprea1_024913;N,N-DICYCLOHXYL-AMINE;4-12-00-00022 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);MLS002152900;BIDD:ER0258;DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI];WLN: L6TJ AM-AL6TJ
;DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE[HSDB];CHEMBL1451838;BDBM74256;NSC3399;HMS3741I15;STR04129;Tox21_111044;Tox21_201771;Tox21_303097;MFCD00011658;Dicyclohexylamine, analytical standard;AKOS000119059;Tox21_111044_1
;UN 2565;NCGC00090955-01;NCGC00090955-02;NCGC00090955-04;NCGC00090955-05;NCGC00090955-06;NCGC00257081-01;NCGC00259320-01;Dicyclohexylamine Dodecahydro diphenylamine;Dicyclohexylamine [UN2565] [Corrosive];D0435;NS00011452;EN300-17273;A11830;AG-617/02036022;Q425368;J-000503;F2190-0312;InChI=1/C12H23N/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)13-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-13H,1-10H

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is sparingly soluble in water.
As an amine, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Less dense than water.
May be toxic by ingestion.
Severely irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Used to make paints, varnishes and detergents.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) scavenger that inhibits HIV infection by blocking the reaction solution.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a by-product of the industrial production of solanum tuberosum, and has been shown to inhibit plant enzyme activity.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of enzymes such as phosphodiesterase, lipases, and proteases in detergent compositions.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) also inhibits the activity of a number of enzymes in organic solutions and chemical reactions.

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -2 °C
Boiling point: 256 °C
Density: 0.912 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 6 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 12 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4842(lit.)
Fp: 205 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: organic solvents: soluble
Form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 10.4(at 25℃)
Color: White to off-white
Odor: amine odor
PH: 11 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 0.8-4.6%(V)
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)
FreezingPoint: -2℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,3095
BRN: 605923
Stability:: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.724 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 101-83-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)(101-83-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) (101-83-7)

Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a combustible, colorlessliquid with a faint amine odor.
Molecular weight=181.36;Boiling point=256℃; Flash point $99℃.
HazardIdentification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health3, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0. Slightly soluble in water.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a combustible, colorless liquid with a faint amine odor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is strongly basic with reactive amine groups which readily form TV-substituted derivatives.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) also forms salts with inorganic and organic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) will also form crystalline hydrates and alcoholates.

Synthesis
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), as a mixture with cyclohexylamine, is prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline (phenylamine), with a catalyst of ruthenium and/or palladium.
This method produces mainly cyclohexylamine with little dicyclohexylamine.
Better results have been reported when the catalyst is applied to a support of niobic acid and/or tantalic acid.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is also obtained by reductive amination of cyclohexanone with ammonia or cyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) may also be prepared by pressure hydrogenation of diphenylamine using a ruthenium catalyst, or by the reaction of cyclohexanone with cyclohexylamine in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst under a hydrogen pressure of about 4 mm Hg.

Applications
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) has applications that are similar to those of cyclohexylamine, namely the production of:

antioxidants in rubber and plastics
vulcanization accelerators for rubber
corrosion inhibitors in steam pipes and boilers
agrochemicals
textile chemicals
catalysts for flexible polyurethane foams

Dicyclohexylamine is manufactured by reacting equimolar quantities of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine or cyclohexanone and ammonia.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is reportedly used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, rubber vulcanization accelerators, textiles, and varnishes.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is an aliphatic amine.
As an intermediate, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used in a broad range of applications in different industries.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used as a vulcanization accelerator.

In lubricants and cutting fluids Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) does function as a corrosion inhibitor.
Here Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) should be mentioned that Dicyclohexylamine does not form Nitrosamines when being used.
Reagent for preparation of crystalline amino acid derivative salts.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used to constitute ionic liquid matrices for bacterial analysis in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used to develop a new palladium catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) was used as extractant in determination of gold(III) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

Industrial uses
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a widely used chemical intermediate.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be used to absorb acidic gases, to preserve rubber latex, to plasticize casein, and to neutralize plant and insect poisons.
Metal complexes of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) are catalysts used in the paint, varnish, and ink industries.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) salts of fatty acids and sulfuric acid have soap and detergent properties used in the printing and textile industries.
One of the most important uses of Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is as a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is used to protect packaged or stored ferrous metals from atmospheric corrosion.

Production Methods
Several methods are employed for the manufacture of dicyclohexylamine.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be manufactured by hydrogenation of equimolar amounts of cyclohexanone and cyclohexylamine.
Alternatively, Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) can be prepared by vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unreacted aniline, and a high boiling residue comprised of N-phenylcyclohexylamine and Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).

Reactivity Profile
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) reacts with oxidizing agents.
Forms crystalline salts with many N-protected amino acids.
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) is a strong irritant to skin and mucous membranes.
Direct skin contact with the liquid or vapor should be avoided.
Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)'s systemic effects in man include nausea and vomiting, anxiety, restlessness and drowsiness.
Individuals repeatedly exposed to this chemical may develop sensitivity to Dicyclohexylamine (DCHA).
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Containers may explode when heated.
Runoff may pollute waterways.
Substance may be transported in a molten form.
DICYCYLOHEXYLPEROXYDICARBONATE

Dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate, commonly known as Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H22O8.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is an organic peroxide that contains two peroxy functional groups (-O-O-) in its structure.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is often used as a radical initiator in various polymerization reactions, particularly in the production of thermosetting resins and cross-linked polymer materials.

CAS Number: 27138-31-4
EC Number: 248-795-8



APPLICATIONS


Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is commonly used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of unsaturated monomers, such as styrene and vinyl acetate, in the production of thermosetting plastics.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP) used in applications ranging from boat hulls to automotive parts.

In the composites industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used to create strong and lightweight composite materials for aerospace and marine structures.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of heat-resistant and impact-resistant plastics used in automotive components, electrical enclosures, and consumer goods.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the production of thermosetting resins, which are essential for making durable laminates and coatings.
The automotive industry utilizes Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate to manufacture high-performance composite components for vehicle interiors and exteriors.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of elastomers and rubber products, improving their mechanical properties and durability.

In the construction sector, it aids in the formulation of weather-resistant coatings and sealants for buildings and infrastructure.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is essential in the creation of durable coatings for industrial equipment, protecting against corrosion and wear.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the development of specialized adhesives used in the bonding of materials in construction and manufacturing.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the creation of advanced composite materials for the aerospace industry, including aircraft components and structural parts.
In the marine industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used to produce composite materials for boat hulls, ensuring strength and durability.

The electrical and electronics sector utilizes Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in the production of insulating materials and cable sheathing.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the manufacture of high-performance sports equipment, including tennis rackets and golf club shafts.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for pipes and pipelines used in the oil and gas industry.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the formulation of coatings for industrial equipment and machinery, enhancing their longevity and performance.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the creation of composite materials for wind turbine blades, ensuring structural integrity and efficiency.

The chemical industry utilizes Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in research and development for the controlled initiation of polymerization reactions.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of adhesives for bonding various materials, including metals, plastics, and composites.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the production of friction materials used in automotive brake pads and clutches.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the manufacturing of gaskets and seals used in industrial and automotive applications.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of coatings for cookware, providing non-stick and heat-resistant properties.
The aerospace industry relies on Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate for the production of composite materials for satellite components and spacecraft.

In the renewable energy sector, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used to create composite materials for solar panels and wind turbine components.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate's versatility and reactivity make it a valuable component in various industries, contributing to the development of high-performance materials and products.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of thermosetting resins for the creation of high-strength, heat-resistant laminates used in the construction of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the formulation of epoxy-based adhesives used in bonding electronic components to PCBs.
In the aerospace industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the manufacturing of composite materials for aircraft interiors, including cabin components and lightweight seats.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the production of sports equipment such as bicycle frames, ensuring strength and durability in lightweight designs.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the development of high-performance, impact-resistant helmets for various sports and activities.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the formulation of high-temperature-resistant coatings for industrial ovens and equipment used in the food processing industry.

The automotive sector utilizes Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in the manufacture of composite engine components and lightweight structural parts.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate aids in the creation of durable coatings for pipelines and tanks used in the chemical and petrochemical industries.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the production of heat-resistant gaskets and seals for use in high-temperature industrial applications.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the formulation of specialty resins for 3D printing, enabling the creation of complex and durable prototypes and parts.
In the medical industry, it plays a role in the development of materials used in dental prosthetics, ensuring biocompatibility and strength.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the production of composite materials for prosthetic limbs, making them lightweight and durable.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of high-strength, lightweight components for the automotive racing industry.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of coatings for industrial rollers used in printing and manufacturing processes.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the production of structural materials for architectural applications, including lightweight panels and cladding.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the development of specialized composites for the construction of racing boats and marine vessels.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the creation of high-performance bicycle wheels, providing strength and reducing weight.
In the electronics industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used to manufacture lightweight and impact-resistant housings for electronic devices.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the production of impact-resistant and durable cases for consumer and industrial tools.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of coatings for chemical storage tanks and containers used in various industries.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the creation of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable automotive body panels.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of aerospace components, including satellite housings and structural parts for spacecraft.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the development of materials used in the fabrication of high-performance sports equipment, including skis and snowboards.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of coatings for industrial rollers used in the paper and packaging industry.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable wind turbine blades for renewable energy applications.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of composite materials for the aerospace industry, including aircraft components, ensuring lightweight and high-strength structures.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the manufacturing of durable, impact-resistant body armor used by military and law enforcement personnel.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of specialized coatings for industrial machinery and equipment, providing corrosion resistance.
In the renewable energy sector, it contributes to the creation of composite materials for solar panel frames, enhancing durability and stability.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the production of lightweight and impact-resistant parts for electric and hybrid vehicles, reducing overall vehicle weight and improving efficiency.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a crucial role in the development of lightweight and durable casings for consumer electronics, protecting sensitive components.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the formulation of high-performance adhesives for bonding materials in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.
In the marine industry, it aids in the creation of composite materials for boat hulls, ensuring strength and longevity.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the production of fire-resistant materials used in the construction of fire doors and safety barriers.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the formulation of composite materials for the production of lightweight and durable bicycle frames.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the creation of strong and lightweight components for drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the development of composite materials for the construction of high-performance racing cars and components.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the formulation of impact-resistant and durable coatings for the automotive aftermarket, including custom parts and accessories.
In the oil and gas industry, it aids in the production of corrosion-resistant materials for offshore platforms and pipelines.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable conveyor belts used in material handling.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for architectural glass, providing UV resistance and easy cleaning properties.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the production of advanced composite materials for prosthetic limbs, ensuring strength and flexibility.
In the packaging industry, it contributes to the creation of lightweight and impact-resistant packaging materials for fragile goods.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is employed in the development of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable sports equipment, such as tennis racquets.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the formulation of coatings for industrial rollers used in the printing and packaging industry.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in the creation of strong and lightweight components for the automotive racing industry, including chassis and suspension parts.
In the aviation industry, it contributes to the production of lightweight and durable interior components for aircraft cabins.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is used in the formulation of corrosion-resistant coatings for storage tanks and containers in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a role in the development of composite materials for the construction of lightweight and durable prosthetic limbs.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the creation of high-performance, impact-resistant helmets for a wide range of sports and activities, ensuring safety and comfort for users.



DESCRIPTION


Dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate, commonly known as Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H22O8.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is an organic peroxide that contains two peroxy functional groups (-O-O-) in its structure.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is often used as a radical initiator in various polymerization reactions, particularly in the production of thermosetting resins and cross-linked polymer materials.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly sensitive to temperature changes and mechanical shock.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate decomposes at elevated temperatures, releasing free radicals that initiate chemical reactions, such as the curing and cross-linking of polymers.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in industries such as plastics, composites, and rubber to facilitate the polymerization of monomers and the formation of strong, heat-resistant materials. It is crucial to handle Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate with care due to its reactivity and potential hazards, following proper safety precautions and guidelines.

Dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate, often abbreviated as Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate, is a chemical compound known for its use as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a white crystalline solid that is highly sensitive to temperature changes and mechanical shock.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate has a molecular formula of C12H22O8, and its structure contains two peroxy functional groups (-O-O-).

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a versatile reagent used in various industrial applications, particularly in the production of cross-linked polymer materials.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is commonly employed in the manufacture of thermosetting resins and elastomers.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate plays a critical role in the curing and cross-linking of polymer matrices, resulting in the formation of strong and heat-resistant materials.
Due to its reactivity, it is essential to store and handle Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate with care and adhere to safety guidelines.
When exposed to elevated temperatures, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate decomposes to generate free radicals that initiate chemical reactions.

These free radicals are instrumental in the polymerization process, leading to the formation of three-dimensional polymer networks.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is utilized in industries such as plastics, composites, and rubber for enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of materials.

In the plastics industry, it aids in the production of heat-resistant and impact-resistant plastics.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is also employed in the formulation of composite materials, which find applications in aerospace, automotive, and construction.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate contributes to the development of durable and weather-resistant coatings used in various industries.
In the rubber industry, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate helps create vulcanized rubber with improved strength and elasticity.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a valuable tool in the manufacturing of molded and extruded rubber products.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is subject to strict regulations and safety guidelines due to its potential hazards, including flammability and sensitivity to shock.

When handling Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate, appropriate personal protective equipment, such as safety goggles and chemical-resistant gloves, is recommended.
Storage of Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate should be in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

Containers holding Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate should be tightly sealed to prevent contamination and moisture ingress.
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is crucial to label containers and storage areas with hazard warnings and safety information.

Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is also utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, enhancing their adhesive properties.
In the electrical and electronics industry, it contributes to the production of insulating materials and cable sheathing.
The chemical reactivity of Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate makes it a valuable asset in research and development for initiating controlled polymerization reactions.

Overall, Dicyclohexylperoxydicarbonate is a versatile chemical compound with a broad range of applications across various industries, improving the properties of materials and enhancing their performance.
Its role as a radical initiator is instrumental in the creation of durable and high-performance polymer products used in everyday life and advanced technologies.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C12H22O8
Molecular Weight: Approximately 310.3 g/mol
Appearance: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Odor: It generally has a mild odor.
Solubility: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in various organic solvents, such as acetone, ether, and alcohols.
Melting Point: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate has a melting point typically around 98-100°C (208-212°F).
Boiling Point: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate decomposes before reaching a specific boiling point.
Density: The density of Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate can vary with different grades but is typically around 1.19 g/cm³.
Reactivity: Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is highly sensitive to temperature changes and mechanical shock, making it a hazardous chemical.
Decomposition: At elevated temperatures, Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate decomposes, releasing free radicals that initiate chemical reactions.



FIRST AID


Inhalation (Breathing in Vapors or Dust):

Remove to Fresh Air:
If a person inhales Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate vapors or dust, immediately move them to an area with fresh air.
Ensure the person can breathe comfortably.

Seek Medical Attention:
If the person experiences difficulty breathing, coughing, or other respiratory symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate comes into contact with the skin, remove contaminated clothing promptly.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of mild soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Seek Medical Attention:
If skin irritation, redness, or burns develop, or if a large area is affected, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
If Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing.

Seek Medical Attention:
If eye irritation or discomfort persists after flushing, or if there are signs of injury or damage, seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion (Swallowing):

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting if Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is ingested.
It is essential to seek immediate medical attention.

Rinse Mouth:
If Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is swallowed, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
In case of ingestion, it is crucial to seek prompt medical attention, as Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate ingestion can lead to serious health effects.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personnel Training:
Only trained and qualified personnel should handle Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate.
Provide employees with proper training on the safe handling, storage, and disposal of the chemical.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, a lab coat or coveralls, and chemical-resistant footwear, when handling Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate.

Avoid Direct Contact: Avoid any direct skin contact with Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate.
In case of skin contact, follow the recommended first aid procedures and remove contaminated clothing promptly.

Respiratory Protection:
When working with Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in areas with inadequate ventilation, wear a NIOSH-approved respirator with appropriate filters or cartridges to prevent inhalation of vapors or dust.

Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation systems to capture and remove vapors or dust at the source to minimize exposure.

No Smoking or Open Flames:
Prohibit smoking, open flames, and sparks in areas where Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is handled or stored, as it is flammable.

Avoid Mechanical Shock:
Handle Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate containers and packages with care to avoid mechanical shock or impact, as it is sensitive to such disturbances.

Use Non-Sparking Tools:
When opening or handling containers, use non-sparking tools to reduce the risk of sparks and ignition.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label containers and storage areas with hazard warnings, safety information, and proper identification of Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency eyewash stations, safety showers, and fire extinguishing equipment are readily available in areas where Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate is handled.


Storage:

Cool, Dry Location:
Store Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition sources.

Temperature Control:
Keep the storage area at a temperature below the recommended maximum storage temperature specified in the safety data sheet (SDS).

Sealed Containers:
Keep Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate containers tightly sealed to prevent contamination and moisture ingress.
Replace damaged or leaking containers immediately.

Incompatible Materials:
Store Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate away from incompatible materials such as reducing agents, strong acids, and strong bases.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment measures, such as chemical spill trays or pallets, to contain any potential spills or leaks.

Labeling:
Ensure that all containers are labeled with the correct product name, hazard warnings, and safety information.

Segregation:
Segregate Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate from other hazardous materials to prevent incompatible chemical reactions.



SYNONYMS


DicycylohexylperoxydicarbonateC
Peroxydicarbonic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Peroxycarbonate of dicyclohexyl
Bis(cyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate
Cyclohexyl peroxycarbonate
Dibenzoyl peroxide (incorrect, but sometimes used interchangeably)
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate dioxane solution
1,1'-Oxybis(cyclohexaneperoxycarbonyl) peroxide
Dicyclohexyl dicarbonate peroxide
Bis(1-cyclohexylperoxycarbonyl) peroxide
Dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate
1,1'-Dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate
DCBEC
DCP peroxide
Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid peroxide
DCP ester
Peroxydicarbonate of dicyclohexyl
Dibenzoyl peroxide dicyclohexyl ester (not to be confused with dibenzoyl peroxide)
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 99%
Bis(cyclohexanecarbonyl) peroxide
Bis(peroxycyclohexyl) carbonate
DCP dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate
DCHP
Bis(cyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate)
DCP-40
Peroxidicarbonic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Bis(cyclohexyl)dicarbonate peroxide
Dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate 99%
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 98%
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate peroxide
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 50% solution in dioctyl phthalate
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 75% solution in dioctyl phthalate
Peroxocarbonate of dicyclohexyl
Dicyclohexylperoxycarbonate
Peroxydicarboxylic acid, dicyclohexyl ester
Bis(1-cyclohexylperoxycarbonyloxy)ethylene
Bis(cyclohexylperoxycarbonyloxy)ethylene
Bis(cyclohexylperoxydicarbonyl) peroxide
Bis(cyclohexylperoxydicarbonic acid) peroxide
Cyclohexyl peroxydicarbonic acid
Bis(1-cyclohexylperoxycarbonyloxy)ethylene peroxide
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in dimethyl phthalate
Dicyclohexyl diperphthalate
Dicyclohexyl peroxymonocarbonate
Peroxocarbonate of dicyclohexyl in dioctyl phthalate
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 50% solution in dimethyl phthalate
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate 75% solution in dimethyl phthalate
Bis(1-cyclohexylperoxycarbonyl)ethylene
Peroxydicarbonate of bis(cyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate
Dicycylohexylperoxydicarbonate in 2-ethylhexyl phthalate
DIDECANOYLPEROXIDE

DESCRIPTION:

Didecanoyl peroxide appears as white wet solid.
Didecanoyl peroxide May float or sink in water.
Didecanoyl peroxide is particularly sensitive to temperature rises, contamination, and friction.
Above a given "Control Temperature" Didecanoyl peroxide decompose violently.

CAS: 762-12-9
European Community (EC) Number: 212-092-1
Molecular Formula: C20H38O4

Didecanoyl peroxide is Initiator for (co)polymerization of ethylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinylacetate and (meth)acrylates.


APPLICATIONS OF DIDECANOYLPEROXIDE:
Didecanoyl peroxide can be used for the high pressure polymerization of ethylene in autoclaves or tubular reactors.
Because of the good solubility in mineral oils and aliphatic hydrocarbons the peroxide is easy to handle in the pressure injection system.
Didecanoyl peroxide can also be used as initiator for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in the temperature range between 60°C and 75°C.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIDECANOYLPEROXIDE:
Molecular Weight
342.5 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
8.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
19
Exact Mass
342.27700969 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
342.27700969 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
24
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
272
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Synonym: Decanoyl peroxide; Peroxide; bisdecanoyl peroxidebis; (1-oxodecyl); EC 212-092-1; EINECS 212-092-1; UNII-5YFN3ID35B.
IUPAC/Chemical Name: decanoic peroxyanhydride
InChi Key: XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C20H38O4/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19(21)23-24-20(22)18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-18H2,1-2H3
SMILES Code: O=C(OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCC
Appearance: Solid powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life: >3 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
Name DECANOYL PEROXIDE
Source of Sample Cadet Chemical Corporation
CAS Registry Number 762-12-9
Classification OXIDES AND PEROXIDES
Copyright Copyright © 1980, 1981-2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Formula C20H38O4
InChI InChI=1S/C20H38O4/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19(21)23-24-20(22)18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-18H2,1-2H3
InChIKey XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point 40-42C (dec)
Freezing Point= -41C
Molecular Weight 342.52
Synonyms BIS(1-OXODECYL) PEROXIDE
CADOX C-10
Technique MELT-BETWEEN SALTS




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIDECANOYLPEROXIDE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product













SYNONYMS OF DIDECANOYLPEROXIDE:
DECANOYL PEROXIDE
Peroxide, bis(1-oxodecyl)
762-12-9
decanoic peroxyanhydride
5YFN3ID35B
Bisdecanoyl peroxide
didecanoyl peroxide
decanoyl decaneperoxoate
UNII-5YFN3ID35B
caproyl peroxide
EINECS 212-092-1
DECANOX F
PERKADOX SE 10
EC 212-092-1
SCHEMBL23375
DTXSID0061084
XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Q27263048



DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
DESCRIPTION:

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound used as antiseptic/disinfectant.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride causes the disruption of intermolecular interactions and the dissociation of lipid bilayers.
The bacteriostatic (prevent growth) or bactericide (kill microorganism) activity of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride depends on its concentration and the growth phase of the microbial population.


CAS Number, 7173-51-5
European Community (EC) Number: 230-525-2
Molecular Formula: C22H48ClN
Preferred IUPAC name: N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium chloride


SYNONYMS OF DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
DDAC,Dimethyldidecylammonium chloride,1-Decanaminium,N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride,Didecyldimethylammonium chloride,Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,Quaternium-12,Ammonium, didecyldimethyl-, chloride,Bardac 22,deciquam 222,didecyldimethylammonium,didecyldimethylammonium bromide,didecyldimethylammonium chloride,7173-51-5,Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,Didecyldimethylammonium chloride,-decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium chloride,Astop,DDAC,Arquad 10,Bardac 22,Britewood Q,Bardac 2250,Bio-Dac,Quaternium 12,Quaternium-12,Odex Q,Quartamin D 10E,Quartamin D 10P,Timbercote 2000,Nissan Cation 2DBSlaoff 91,Acticide,Aliquat 203,Querton 210CL,Sporekill,KleenGrow,Dodigen 1881,Bardac 2270E,Calgon H 130,Maquat 4480E,Bardac 2280,Britewood XL,Caswell No. 331A,Acticide DDQ,Catiogen DDM,1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride,Cation DDC,H 130 (molluscicide),Catiogen DDM-PG,Arquad 210-50,Asepas 3,Bio-dac 50-22,Tret-O-Lite XC 507,Septapav KhS 70,Acticide DDQ 40,Microbiocide B 74,Stenquat 1010,Cation DDC 50,Cation DDC-80,Macrotrol MT 200,Arquad 210,Microbiocide N 750,DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE,New Des 50,Bardac 2240,BTC 99,DDC 80,K-Sanit BP 80,Kamin RM 2D50A,N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium chloride,didecyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride,BTCO 1010,Arquad 210-50E,Arquad 210-80E,Arquad 210-85E,Fentacare 1021-80,Arquad 210-80,D 10P,Nissan Cation 2DB500E,Nissan Cation 2DB800E,UNII-JXN40O9Y9B,BTC 1010,EINECS 230-525-2,DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE,JXN40O9Y9B,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 069149,Didecyldimethylammounium chloride,didecyl dimethylammonium chlorideDTXSID9032537,HSDB 7611,2DB500E,BTC 2250,AQ 210,MAQUAT 4450-E,DICAPRYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE,DTXCID7012537,H 130,CHEBI:79935,EC 230-525-2,N,N-DIDECYL-N,N-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE,M 21080,DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORID,Dimethyldidecylammonium chloride,N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium (chloride),1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride (1:1),DDAC-C10; Didecyldimethylammonium-chloride,DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE (MART.),DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE [MART.],Ammonium, didecyldimethyl-, chloride,C22H48ClN,Dairyland brand chg teat dip,Alfa Bergamon,didecyl(dimethyl)azanium chloride,didecyl(dimethyl)ammonium chloride,OKGO Disinfectant,Surface Disinfectant,Bardac-22,Alfa Bergamon (TN),Calgon H130,Querton 2100L,didecyl(dimethyl)ammonium,Surface Disinfectant Spray,SCHEMBL20265,CHEMBL224987,Chloroqcare Antiseptic Hand Care,bis(decyl)dimethylazanium chloride,Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile,Steri Hand sanitizer without washing,Tox21_300598,MFCD00066262,AKOS015901447,CS-W022921,DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE [INCI],HY-W042181,DIDECYLDIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE,USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 069149,NCGC00254240-01,CAS-7173-51-5,N-decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminiumchloride,DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE [MI],NS00075672,N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl 1-decanaminium chloride,D07822,DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORID [WHO-DD],N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-ammonium chloride,DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE [HSDB],EN300-7386480,A837307,Q418930,Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, analytical standard,W-104509,N-Decyl-N pound notN-dimethyldecan-1-aminium chloride







Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is a broad spectrum biocidal against bacteria and fungi and can be used as disinfectant cleaner for linen, recommended for use in hospitals, hotels and industries.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is also used in gynaecology, surgery, ophthalmology, pediatrics, OT, and for the sterilization of surgical instruments, endoscopes and surface disinfection.

In mice this disinfectant was found to cause infertility and birth defects when combined with Alkyl (60% C14, 25% C12, 15% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC).
These studies contradict the older toxicology data set on quaternary ammonia compounds which was reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the EU Commission.
In addition, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, as well as other quaternary ammonia compounds, can lead to the acquisition of resistance by microorganisms when employed in sub-lethal concentrations



Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is an organic molecular entity.
Didehyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound used as an antiseptic/disinfectant.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride causes disruption of intermolecular interactions and dissociation of lipid bilayers.

The bacteriostatic (prevents growth) or bactericidal (kills micro-organisms) activity of DDAC depends on its concentration and the growth phase of the microbial population.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is a broad-spectrum biocide against bacteria and fungi, and can be used as a disinfectant laundry cleaner, recommended for use in hospitals, hotels, and industry



Didecyldimethylammonium chloride stands out as a versatile and effective disinfectant/antiseptic, recognized for its prowess in surface sanitization and microbial sterilization.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is a cationic surfactant, meaning it carries a positive charge on the nitrogen atom, which enables it to interact effectively with negatively charged surfaces.
As an antimicrobial cleaner, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride offers broad-spectrum disinfection capabilities, making it a trusted choice for ensuring hygiene in various environments.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is commonly used as a disinfectant and biocide in various applications due to its broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
This quaternary ammonium compound serves as a hard surface disinfectant, excelling in hospital-grade disinfection protocols.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used for its potent antimicrobial properties.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride has several biocidal applications.
In addition to these applications, sometimes Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used as plant strengtheners.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, often abbreviated as DDAC, is a quaternary ammonium compound widely employed for its potent antimicrobial properties.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is a cationic surfactant, meaning it carries a positive charge on the nitrogen atom, which enables it to interact effectively with negatively charged surfaces.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is commonly used as a disinfectant and biocide in various applications due to its broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Utilization Sectors of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride:
With its focus on broad-spectrum disinfection, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is an ideal choice for commercial-grade sanitization, addressing the need for comprehensive microbial control. Its role as an industrial disinfectant is crucial in maintaining a sanitized environment across diverse sectors, ranging from agriculture to manufacturing.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used in diverse roles, functioning as a fungicide for coolants, an antiseptic for wood, and a cleaning disinfectant also used for surface disinfection such as floors, walls, tables, equipment, etc., and also for water disinfection in various applications throughout food and beverage, dairy, poultry, pharmaceutical industries, and institutions.
In water treatment, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride aids in controlling the growth of algae and bacteria.
Additionally, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride serves as a preservative in the formulation of various consumer products.



APPLICATIONS OF DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:

In beekeeping, didehyldimethylammonium chloride is used to treat brood when it is attacked by blight.
Brood rot (European or American foulbrood) is an infectious disease of initially uncovered and later covered brood.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is caused by Bacterium pluton, Bacillus alvei, Streptococcus apis.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride acts as a broad-spectrum antiseptic by disrupting the nutrition of the foulbrood bacteria, thus preserving the bee colony.
In medicine, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl chloride is used extensively: concentrations ranging from 0.004% to 0.01% are used in eye drops.
Higher concentrations are used in hand disinfection products, for the removal of unpleasant odours (from legs, feet, armpits).

Even higher concentrations are used for a wide range of microbial and viral disinfection.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is also used in gynaecology, surgery, ophthalmology, paediatrics, OT, as well as for the sterilisation of surgical instruments, endoscopes and surface disinfection.

In cosmetics, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used as a disinfectant, and at the same time as an emulsifier to increase the miscibility of fats with water.
Dimethyldimethyldecylammonium chloride is often used as an additive in emulsions to obtain clear emulsions, e.g. for dilution of fragrance concentrates, for mixing essential oils, or for the addition of water-based extracts to fat-based products.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is also used as a foaming agent and conditioner because its cationic nature makes wool fabrics and hair soft, and is therefore found in shampoos, hair masks and conditioners. INCI Key Functions:
Antistatic:
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride reduces static electricity by neutralising the electrical charge on the surface
Emulsifying:
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying surface tension (water and oil)

Hair Conditioner:
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride makes hair easy to comb, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
Surfactant:
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride reduces tension on the surface of the cosmetic and contributes to the even distribution of the product during application

In water treatment, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used in ornamental pools and rock gardens to protect them from algae formation and reproduction.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride can also be found in some aquarium and aquaculture products.
Concentrations of 0,5-5 mg/l of active quaternary ammonium are encountered in the treatment of bacterial type fish diseases.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is also used as an algaecide in swimming pools to inhibit water mutilation and algal growth.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is more popular than BAC because it has a lower foaming capacity.

In the wood industry, didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used as an antiseptic or antiseptic impregnant to protect wood from rotting or fungal decay.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is also used to destroy rot in damaged wood.
The advantage of using Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is its transparency, i.e. the wood does not discolour, but this is also a disadvantage because when the wood is treated it is not visible where it has been treated.

In the paper industry, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used in the preparation of paper to reduce biofouling and at the same time to give strength and anti-static properties to the paper produced.
In horticulture, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride has a wide range of uses due to its effectiveness against moulds, mildews, mosses, fungi and algae, and is used for their control both as a plant protection agent and as a disinfectant for a wide range of surfaces.


In the polymer and coatings industry, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used as an antistatic agent, emulsifier and preservative, which helps to make surfaces more hydrophobic, and to make hydrophobic surfaces more easily and uniformly coated with various coatings.
In animal husbandry, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used in various veterinary preparations for the treatment of fungal diseases of hooves and horns, for the disinfection of animal housing, and for the treatment of certain skin diseases.






BENEFITS OF USING DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used in disinfection and detergency
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is Non-corrosive to system metallurgy
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is Highly concentrated for low dosage

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is Eco-friendly, biodegradable and skin-friendly
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is High efficacy against SPC, Coliform, Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria, and Yeast





Chemical and physical Properties of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride:
Chemical formula, C22H48ClN
Molar mass, 362.08 g/mol
Appearance, liquid[3]
Density, 0.87 g/cm3 (20 °C)[3]
Molecular Weight
362.1 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
18
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
361.3475282 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
361.3475282 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
0Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
24
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
200
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
2
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Boiling point, 88 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 0.90 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point, 29 °C
pH value, 6.5 - 8.0 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C22H48ClN
CAS Number:
7173-51-5
Molecular Weight:
362.08
EC Number:
230-525-2
Form, Clear liquid
Appearance, Colourless
Odour, Alcohol like
CAS No., 7173-51-5
Solubility, Completely soluble with water & alcohol
Water Solubility, 4.48e-06 mg/mL, ALOGPS
logP, 3.33, ALOGPS
logP, 4.01, Chemaxon
logS, -7.9, ALOGPS
Physiological Charge, 1, Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count, 0, Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count, 0, Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area, 0 Å2, Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count, 18, Chemaxon
Refractivity, 118.86 m3•mol-1, Chemaxon
Polarizability, 47.18 Å3, Chemaxon
Number of Rings, 0, Chemaxon
Bioavailability, 1, Chemaxon
Rule of Five, Yes, Chemaxon
Ghose Filter, No, Chemaxon
Veber's Rule, No, Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule, No,
grade
analytical standard
Quality Level
100
shelf life
limited shelf life, expiry date on the label
application(s)
clinical testing
format
neat
SMILES string
C[N+](C)(CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCC.[Cl-]
InChI
1S/C22H48N.ClH/c1-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23(3,4)22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-2;/h5-22H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
InChI key
RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Physical Description, Pale yellow solid or paste
Assay, ≥ 95.0%
Water, ≤ 5.0%
Heavy Metals, ≤ 20ppm
Specification Version, 1.1



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE (DDAC)
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound used as detergent/disinfectant in hospitals, as algicide in swimming pools, and as a fungicide and against termites in wood.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) caused contact dermatitis in a hospital employee, also sensitive to glyoxal and bis-(aminopropyl)- laurylamine.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is an organic molecular entity.

CAS: 7173-51-5
MF: C22H48ClN
MW: 362.08
EINECS: 230-525-2

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) can be used as an algicide, slimicide in swimming pools, industrial water reservoirs and cooling towers and for the preparation of wood preserving formulations intended for primary treatment and secondary preservation.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound used as antiseptic/disinfectant.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) causes the disruption of intermolecular interactions and the dissociation of lipid bilayers.
The bacteriostatic (prevent growth) or bactericide (kill microorganism) activity of DDAC depends on its concentration and the growth phase of the microbial population.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a broad spectrum biocidal against bacteria and fungi and can be used as disinfectant cleaner for linen, recommended for use in hospitals, hotels and industries.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is also used in gynaecology, surgery, ophthalmology, pediatrics, OT, and for the sterilization of surgical instruments, endoscopes and surface disinfection.

In mice Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) was found to cause infertility and birth defects when combined with Alkyl (60% C14, 25% C12, 15% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC).
These studies contradict the older toxicology data set on quaternary ammonia compounds which was reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the EU Commission.
In addition, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), as well as other quaternary ammonia compounds, can lead to the acquisition of resistance by microorganisms when employed in sub-lethal concentrations.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a twin chain quaternary ammonium.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a modern and safe biocide.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) features broad spectrum activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, fungicide and mildewcide, active against enveloped viruses (e.g. Hepatitis B, HIV), tolerance for anionic contaminants, high tolerance to hard water, maintains efficacy in presence of heavy organic soiling such as blood and protein, good surfactant and wetting properties.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) has an amine content of approximately 1.5%.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) stands out as a versatile and effective disinfectant/antiseptic, recognized for its prowess in surface sanitization and microbial sterilization.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a cationic surfactant, meaning it carries a positive charge on the nitrogen atom, which enables it to interact effectively with negatively charged surfaces.
As an antimicrobial cleaner, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) offers broad-spectrum disinfection capabilities, making it a trusted choice for ensuring hygiene in various environments.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is commonly used as a disinfectant and biocide in various applications due to its broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) serves as a hard surface disinfectant, excelling in hospital-grade disinfection protocols.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used for its potent antimicrobial properties.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) has several biocidal applications. In addition to these applications, sometimes DDAC is used as plant strengtheners.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), often abbreviated as DDAC, is a quaternary ammonium compound widely employed for its potent antimicrobial properties.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a cationic surfactant, meaning it carries a positive charge on the nitrogen atom, which enables it to interact effectively with negatively charged surfaces.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) operates through the disruption of microorganisms′ cell membrane, resulting in their demise.
This mechanism occurs by attaching to the negatively charged phospholipids within the cell membrane, inducing heightened permeability and subsequent leakage of intracellular components.
Additionally, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) hampers the growth of microorganisms by impeding essential metabolic processes like DNA replication and protein synthesis.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 88 °C
Density: 0.87[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0.006Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 248g/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
Form: Gel
Color: Light Beige to Brown
Water Solubility: 650mg/L at 25℃
Stability: Hygroscopic
LogP: 2.8 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 7173-51-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) (7173-51-5)

Uses
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) 22 is a quaternary ammonium based antimicrobial used as a bacteriostat, deodorant, disinfectant and(or) a microbiocide.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) 2250 is an effective cationic surfactant that can be used in a variety of cleaning systems.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a compound that exhibits some fungacidal and antimirobial functions.
General purpose disinfectant, sanitizer; mildew preventative in commercial laundries; water treatment in cooling towers and oil field flood waters; wood preservative.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is readily soluble in ethanol, IPA, and acetone.
Although dissolution in water is slow, aqueous solutions are easier to handle and are preferred.
Solutions should be neutral to slightly alkaline, with colour ranging from colourless to a pale yellow.
Solutions should foam when shaken.

Agricultural Uses
Biocide, Fungicide, Bactericide, Herbicide, Algaecide, Algaecide, Bacteriocide, Fungistat, Microbiocide, Microbiostat disinfectant, Viricide, Tuberculocide, Molluscide, Insecticide: Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) used on hard, nonporous surfaces as a sanitizer; mildew preventative, wood preservative, and to kill algae, phytopathogenic fungi, phytopathogenic bacteria.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) in a large number of disinfectant products registered with USEPA and labeled with a claim to inactivate “avian influenza A” viruses on hard surfaces.

Synonyms
7173-51-5
Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride
N-decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium chloride
Astop
DDAC
Arquad 10
Bardac 22
Britewood Q
Bardac 2250
Bio-Dac
Quaternium 12
Quaternium-12
Odex Q
Quartamin D 10E
Quartamin D 10P
Timbercote 2000
Nissan Cation 2DB
Slaoff 91
Acticide
Aliquat 203
Querton 210CL
Sporekill
KleenGrow
Dodigen 1881
Bardac 2270E
Calgon H 130
Maquat 4480E
Bardac 2280
Britewood XL
Caswell No. 331A
Acticide DDQ
Catiogen DDM
1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride
Cation DDC
H 130 (molluscicide)
Catiogen DDM-PG
Arquad 210-50
Asepas 3
Bio-dac 50-22
Tret-O-Lite XC 507
Septapav KhS 70
Acticide DDQ 40
Microbiocide B 74
Stenquat 1010
Cation DDC 50
Cation DDC-80
Macrotrol MT 200
Arquad 210
Microbiocide N 750
DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE
New Des 50
Bardac 2240
BTC 99
DDC 80
K-Sanit BP 80
Kamin RM 2D50A
didecyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride
BTCO 1010
Arquad 210-50E
Arquad 210-80E
Arquad 210-85E
Fentacare 1021-80
Arquad 210-80
D 10P
Nissan Cation 2DB500E
Nissan Cation 2DB800E
UNII-JXN40O9Y9B
BTC 1010
EINECS 230-525-2
JXN40O9Y9B
N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium chloride
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 069149
Didecyldimethylammounium chloride
didecyl dimethylammonium chloride
DTXSID9032537
HSDB 7611
2DB500E
BTC 2250
DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE
AQ 210
MAQUAT 4450-E
DICAPRYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE
DTXCID7012537
H 130
CHEBI:79935
EC 230-525-2
N,N-DIDECYL-N,N-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
M 21080
DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORID
Dimethyldidecylammonium chloride
N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium (chloride)
1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride (1:1)
DDAC-C10; Didecyldimethylammonium-chloride
DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE (MART.)
DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE [MART.]
Ammonium, didecyldimethyl-, chloride
C22H48ClN
Dairyland brand chg teat dip
Alfa Bergamon
didecyl(dimethyl)azanium chloride
didecyl(dimethyl)ammonium chloride
OKGO Disinfectant
Surface Disinfectant
Bardac-22
Alfa Bergamon (TN)
Calgon H130
Querton 2100L
didecyl(dimethyl)ammonium
Surface Disinfectant Spray
SCHEMBL20265
CHEMBL224987
Chloroqcare Antiseptic Hand Care
bis(decyl)dimethylazanium chloride
RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Steri Hand sanitizer without washing
Tox21_300598
MFCD00066262
AKOS015901447
CS-W022921
DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE [INCI]
HY-W042181
DIDECYLDIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 069149
NCGC00254240-01
CAS-7173-51-5
N-decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminiumchloride
DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE [MI]
FT-0629457
N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl 1-decanaminium chloride
D07822
DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORID [WHO-DD]
N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-ammonium chloride
DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE [HSDB]
EN300-7386480
A837307
Q418930
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, analytical standard
W-104509
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE (DDAC)
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound used as antiseptic/disinfectant.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) causes the disruption of intermolecular interactions and the dissociation of lipid bilayers.
The bacteriostatic (prevent growth) or bactericide (kill microorganism) activity of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) depends on its concentration and the growth phase of the microbial population.

CAS: 7173-51-5
MF: C22H48ClN
MW: 362.08
EINECS: 230-525-2

Synonyms
DIDECYL-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE;DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE;didecyl dimethyl Ammonium Chloride 50% solution in Toluene;didecyl dimethyl Ammonium Chloride 70% solution;Didecildimethylammonium chloride;Bardac(R) 22;N,N-Didecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium Chloride (in 20% Isopropanol / 30% Water);Bardac(R) 2240;7173-51-5;Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride;Didecyldimethylammonium chloride;N-decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium chloride
;Astop;DDAC;Arquad 10;Bardac 22;Britewood Q;Bardac 2250;Bio-Dac;Quaternium 12;Quaternium-12;Odex Q;Quartamin D 10E;Quartamin D 10P;Timbercote 2000;Nissan Cation 2DB;Slaoff 91;Acticide;Aliquat 203;Querton 210CL;Sporekill;KleenGrow;Dodigen 1881;Bardac 2270E;Calgon H 130;Maquat 4480E;Bardac 2280;Britewood XL;Caswell No. 331A;Acticide DDQ;Catiogen DDM;1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride;Cation DDC;H 130 (molluscicide);Catiogen DDM-PG
;Arquad 210-50;Asepas 3;Bio-dac 50-22;Tret-O-Lite XC 507;Septapav KhS 70;Acticide DDQ 40;Microbiocide B 74;Stenquat 1010;Cation DDC 50;Cation DDC-80;Macrotrol MT 200;Arquad 210
;Microbiocide N 750;DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE;New Des 50;Bardac 2240;BTC 99;DDC 80;K-Sanit BP 80;Kamin RM 2D50A;N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium chloride
(dimethyl)azanium;chloride;BTCO 1010;Arquad 210-50E;Arquad 210-80E;Arquad 210-85E;Fentacare 1021-80;Arquad 210-80;D 10P;Nissan Cation 2DB500E;Nissan Cation 2DB800E;UNII-JXN40O9Y9B;BTC 1010;EINECS 230-525-2;DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE;JXN40O9Y9B;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 069149;Didecyldimethylammounium chloride;didecyl dimethylammonium chloride;DTXSID9032537;HSDB 7611;2DB500E;BTC 2250;AQ 210;MAQUAT 4450-E;DICAPRYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE;DTXCID7012537;H 130;CHEBI:79935;EC 230-525-2;N,N-DIDECYL-N,N-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE;M 21080;DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORID

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a broad spectrum biocidal against bacteria and fungi and can be used as disinfectant cleaner for linen, recommended for use in hospitals, hotels and industries.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is also used in gynaecology, surgery, ophthalmology, pediatrics, OT, and for the sterilization of surgical instruments, endoscopes and surface disinfection.
In mice this disinfectant was found to cause infertility and birth defects when combined with Alkyl (60% C14, 25% C12, 15% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC).
These studies contradict the older toxicology data set on quaternary ammonia compounds which was reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the EU Commission.

In addition, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), as well as other quaternary ammonia compounds, can lead to the acquisition of resistance by microorganisms when employed in sub-lethal concentrations.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound used as detergent/disinfectant in hospitals, as algicide in swimming pools, and as a fungicide and against termites in wood.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) caused contact dermatitis in a hospital employee, also sensitive to glyoxal and bis-(aminopropyl)- laurylamine.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is an organic molecular entity.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) stands out as a versatile and effective disinfectant/antiseptic, recognized for its prowess in surface sanitization and microbial sterilization.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a cationic surfactant, meaning it carries a positive charge on the nitrogen atom, which enables it to interact effectively with negatively charged surfaces.
As an antimicrobial cleaner, Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) offers broad-spectrum disinfection capabilities, making it a trusted choice for ensuring hygiene in various environments.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is commonly used as a disinfectant and biocide in various applications due to its broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

This quaternary ammonium compound serves as a hard surface disinfectant, excelling in hospital-grade disinfection protocols.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used for its potent antimicrobial properties.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) has several biocidal applications.
In addition to these applications, sometimes Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used as plant strengtheners.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, often abbreviated as Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), is a quaternary ammonium compound widely employed for its potent antimicrobial properties.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a cationic surfactant, meaning it carries a positive charge on the nitrogen atom, which enables it to interact effectively with negatively charged surfaces.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is commonly used as a disinfectant and biocide in various applications due to its broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound that has been shown to have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) has been used in disinfectants and as an active ingredient in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is not toxic to humans or animals at concentrations up to 50%.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) has been shown to be effective against infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) also has an effect on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) can be prepared by titration calorimetry or analytical method.
The preparation of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) can be done using chloroform and benzalkonium chloride or glycol ether.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used in many types of biocidal products including tableware, carpets, humidifiers, and swimming pools.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) shows a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is also effective on fungi and viruses, including those that are enveloped.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 88 °C
Density: 0.87[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0.006Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 248g/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
Form: Gel
Color: Light Beige to Brown
Water Solubility: 650mg/L at 25℃
Stability: Hygroscopic
LogP: 2.8 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 7173-51-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) (7173-51-5)

Uses
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a quaternary ammonium based antimicrobial used as a bacteriostat, deodorant, disinfectant and(or) a microbiocide.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is an effective cationic surfactant that can be used in a variety of cleaning systems.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a compound that exhibits some fungacidal and antimirobial functions.
General purpose disinfectant, sanitizer; mildew preventative in commercial laundries; water treatment in cooling towers and oil field flood waters; wood preservative.

Agricultural Uses
Biocide, Fungicide, Bactericide, Herbicide, Algaecide, Algaecide, Bacteriocide, Fungistat, Microbiocide, Microbiostat disinfectant, Viricide, Tuberculocide, Molluscide, Insecticide: General purpose disinfectant used on hard, nonporous surfaces as a sanitizer; mildew preventative, wood preservative, and to kill algae, phytopathogenic fungi, phytopathogenic bacteria.
An active ingredient in a large number of disinfectant products registered with USEPA and labeled with a claim to inactivate “avian influenza A” viruses on hard surfaces.

Contact allergens
This quaternary ammonium compound is used as a detergent-disinfectant in hospitals, as an algaecide in swimming pools, as a fungicide, and against termites in wood.
Immediate-type manifestations like urticaria and dyspnoea have been reported.
DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE 80 %

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80% is a chemical compound primarily used as a disinfectant and biocide.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is part of the quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) family, which are widely used as antimicrobial agents due to their broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.

CAS Number: 7173-51-5
EC Number: 230-525-2

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, DDAC, DDADMAC, DDA, N,N-Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, Dimethyldidecylammonium chloride, N-Decyldimethyl-N-octylammonium chloride, Didecylmethylammonium chloride, Dimethyloctyldecylammonium chloride, Dimethyldidecyloctylammonium chloride, Dimethyloctyldodecylammonium chloride, Dimethyldecyloctadecylammonium chloride, Dimethyldecyloctadecylammonium chloride, Decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Dimethyldidecyl ammonium chloride, N-Decyldimethylamine chloride, N-Octyldimethyldecylamine chloride, Didecyldimethylammonium dichloride, Didecyldimethylammonium chlorochromate, Decyltrimethylammonium chloride, Dimethyloctadecylmethylammonium chloride, Dimethyldioctadecylmethylammonium chloride, Octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride, N-Octyldimethyldecylammonium chloride, Dimethyldidecylammonium chloride, Dimethyloctyldodecylammonium chloride, Dimethyldecylammonium chloride, Dimethyldecyldodecylammonium chloride, Dimethyldecyloctylammonium chloride, Dimethyloctyldodecylammonium chloride, Didecyldimethylammonium chlorite, Didecyldimethylammonium chlorate, Didecyldimethylammonium bromide, Didecyldimethylammonium fluoride, Didecyldimethylammonium iodide, Dimethyldecyloctadecylammonium bromide, Dimethyldecyloctadecylammonium fluoride, Dimethyldecyloctadecylammonium iodide, Decyltrimethylammonium bromide, Didecyldimethylammonium sulfamate, Didecyldimethylammonium sulfate, Didecyldimethylammonium nitrate, Didecyldimethylammonium phosphate, Didecyldimethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, Didecyldimethylammonium hydroxide, Didecyldimethylammonium acetate, Didecyldimethylammonium formate, Didecyldimethylammonium carbonate, Didecyldimethylammonium bicarbonate, Didecyldimethylammonium citrate



APPLICATIONS


Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is widely used as a disinfectant in healthcare facilities.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed for surface disinfection in hospitals, clinics, and dental offices to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the food industry to sanitize food contact surfaces and processing equipment.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is utilized in dairy processing plants, breweries, and wineries for sanitation purposes.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to cooling towers and water treatment systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in swimming pools and spas as a sanitizer to maintain water quality.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is employed in the agricultural sector for disinfecting farm equipment and livestock housing.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in veterinary clinics and animal husbandry facilities for disinfection and biosecurity measures.
This compound is incorporated into household cleaning products such as disinfectant sprays and wipes.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in institutional settings such as schools, daycare centers, and prisons for surface disinfection.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to industrial cleaning formulations for sanitizing manufacturing equipment and production areas.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the pharmaceutical industry for disinfection of cleanrooms and sterile manufacturing environments.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the cosmetics industry for disinfecting tools and equipment used in beauty salons.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the hospitality industry for sanitation of hotel rooms, restaurants, and catering facilities.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to HVAC systems and air ducts to control microbial contamination and mold growth.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is utilized in water treatment plants for disinfection of potable water supplies.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in wastewater treatment facilities for microbial control and odor mitigation.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in recreational facilities such as gyms and sports centers for disinfection of equipment and locker rooms.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to mold remediation products for killing mold spores and preventing regrowth.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in public transportation vehicles such as buses and trains for disinfection of seating areas and high-touch surfaces.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the marine industry for disinfection of ships, boats, and maritime equipment.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in laboratories and research facilities for sterilization of equipment and workspaces.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to agricultural sprays and sanitizers for disinfection of fruits, vegetables, and crop storage facilities.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the textile industry for antimicrobial treatment of fabrics and textiles.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in emergency response situations for disinfection of contaminated surfaces and environments.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in drilling fluids and production equipment.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the pulp and paper industry for disinfection of pulp processing equipment and papermaking machinery.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to industrial cooling water systems to prevent microbial fouling and corrosion.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the automotive industry for disinfection of vehicle interiors and manufacturing facilities.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the aerospace industry for sanitation of aircraft cabins, cockpits, and maintenance areas.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the electronics industry for disinfection of cleanroom environments and semiconductor manufacturing facilities.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to mold-resistant coatings and paints for protection against mold and mildew growth.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is utilized in the construction industry for disinfection of construction sites, tools, and equipment.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the pharmaceutical compounding industry for disinfection of compounding areas and equipment.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the funeral and mortuary industry for disinfection of embalming rooms and equipment.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to water-based paints and coatings as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the preservation of wood and timber products to prevent mold and fungal growth.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the preservation of textiles and leather goods to inhibit microbial degradation.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products to prevent microbial spoilage.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to air purifiers and HVAC systems for disinfection of indoor air and ventilation ducts.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the preservation of museum artifacts and archival materials.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the preservation of food packaging materials to prevent microbial contamination during storage and transport.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to water-based lubricants and metalworking fluids to prevent microbial growth and degradation.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the preservation of photographic films and papers to inhibit microbial deterioration.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the preservation of pharmaceutical and medical products to maintain sterility and shelf life.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to agricultural pesticides and herbicides for microbial control and product preservation.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is employed in the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products to prevent microbial spoilage.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in the preservation of paints, coatings, and adhesives to prevent microbial contamination and degradation.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is added to metalworking fluids and cutting oils to prevent microbial growth and degradation.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is employed in the preservation of plastics and polymers to prevent microbial degradation and discoloration.



DESCRIPTION


Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80% is a chemical compound primarily used as a disinfectant and biocide.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is part of the quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) family, which are widely used as antimicrobial agents due to their broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is often found in disinfectant formulations for various applications, including healthcare facilities, food processing plants, water treatment systems, and agricultural settings.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, making it a popular choice for disinfection and sanitization purposes.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is typically supplied as a solution containing 80% of the active ingredient in water.
The remaining percentage consists of other components and stabilizers to enhance its stability and efficacy.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is a quaternary ammonium compound with a long chemical name.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is a cationic surfactant known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % appears as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % has a characteristic ammonium odor and a slightly oily texture.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is soluble in water and organic solvents like ethanol.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is commonly used as a disinfectant and sanitizer in various industries.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % disrupts the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their inactivation.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is widely used in healthcare settings for surface disinfection and sterilization.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is also employed in food processing facilities to sanitize equipment and surfaces.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is an essential ingredient in household disinfectants and cleaning products.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is utilized in water treatment systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is known for its long-lasting residual activity, providing prolonged protection against pathogens.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is compatible with a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and rubber.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is often incorporated into formulations for fabric softeners and textile treatments.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is used in agricultural settings for crop protection and disinfection of farm equipment.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is regulated by health and environmental agencies due to its potential hazards.
Proper handling and dilution are essential to ensure safe use of this compound.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is important to follow recommended concentrations and contact times for effective disinfection.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact.
Prolonged exposure or inhalation of vapors should be avoided to prevent health risks.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % should be stored in tightly sealed containers away from heat and incompatible substances.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is commonly used in combination with other disinfectants for synergistic effects.

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % is an integral part of infection control strategies in healthcare, food processing, and water treatment industries.
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 80 % plays a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in various applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C22H48ClN
Molecular Weight: Approximately 362.08 g/mol
Appearance: Clear to slightly yellow liquid
Odor: Ammoniacal odor
Solubility in Water: Soluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in polar organic solvents
Density: Approximately 0.91 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Approximately 290°C (554°F)
Melting Point: Approximately -50°C (-58°F)
pH: Typically alkaline, around 9-10 in aqueous solutions
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid
Surface Tension: Typically around 25-30 mN/m
Refractive Index: Approximately 1.45
Hygroscopicity: Low to moderate
Corrosivity: Corrosive to metals in concentrated form
Biodegradability: Moderately biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Toxicity: Moderate acute toxicity, can cause skin and eye irritation
Flammability: Non-flammable
Oxidizing Properties: Non-oxidizing
Miscibility: Miscible with water and polar organic solvents
Hydrophobicity: Moderately hydrophobic
Surface Wetting: Exhibits good wetting properties on solid surfaces
Chloride Content: Typically around 22-24% by weight



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If Didecyldimethylammonium chloride vapors are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Ensure Breathing:
Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation.
If breathing is difficult, ensure an open airway and provide rescue breathing if necessary.

Seek Medical Attention:
If symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, or respiratory distress persist, seek medical attention promptly.

Provide Oxygen:
If available and trained to do so, administer oxygen to the affected person while awaiting medical assistance.

Keep Calm and Reassure:
Keep the affected person calm and reassure them while waiting for medical help.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If Didecyldimethylammonium chloride comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove any contaminated clothing.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring thorough rinsing to remove any traces of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride.

Use Mild Soap:
Use a mild soap or detergent to gently cleanse the skin, avoiding harsh chemicals that may exacerbate irritation.

Apply Moisturizer:
After washing, apply a soothing moisturizer or emollient to the affected area to help soothe and hydrate the skin.

Seek Medical Advice:
If skin irritation persists or worsens, seek medical advice or consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

Flush with Water:
Immediately flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If wearing contact lenses, remove them as soon as possible to facilitate irrigation of the eyes.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact an eye specialist if irritation, pain, or redness persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting if Didecyldimethylammonium chloride has been ingested, as it may lead to further complications.

Do Not Drink Water:
Refrain from giving anything by mouth to the affected person unless instructed by medical personnel.

Seek Medical Assistance:
Immediately contact a poison control center or seek medical assistance for further guidance and treatment.

Provide Information:
Provide medical personnel with details regarding the amount ingested, the time of ingestion, and any symptoms experienced by the affected person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing (such as long sleeves and pants), when handling Didecyldimethylammonium chloride to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation or work in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Avoid breathing in Didecyldimethylammonium chloride vapors or mists.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin contact with Didecyldimethylammonium chloride.
In case of skin contact, promptly wash affected areas with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect eyes from potential splashes or mists of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride.
In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Handling Equipment:
Use equipment made of compatible materials, such as stainless steel, glass, or plastic, for handling and transferring Didecyldimethylammonium chloride.
Avoid the use of reactive metals like aluminum or copper.

Prevent Spills:
Handle Didecyldimethylammonium chloride containers with care to prevent spills or leaks.
Use appropriate containment measures, such as secondary containment trays or spill kits, in areas where spills may occur.

Do Not Mix:
Avoid mixing Didecyldimethylammonium chloride with incompatible substances, such as strong bases, oxidizing agents, or reactive metals, as it may result in hazardous chemical reactions or releases of toxic gases.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride with the product name, hazard symbols, handling instructions, and storage conditions to ensure proper identification and safe handling.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not ingest Didecyldimethylammonium chloride.
Keep food, beverages, and tobacco products away from areas where Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is handled or stored.

Training:
Provide training to personnel handling Didecyldimethylammonium chloride on safe handling procedures, emergency response protocols, and the use of personal protective equipment.


Storage:

Container Selection:
Store Didecyldimethylammonium chloride in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), or glass, to prevent moisture ingress and contamination.

Temperature Control:
Store Didecyldimethylammonium chloride in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain storage temperatures between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).

Avoid Freezing:
Protect Didecyldimethylammonium chloride from freezing temperatures, as freezing may result in crystallization or solidification of the solution.
If frozen, allow the solution to thaw completely before use.

Separation:
Store Didecyldimethylammonium chloride away from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizing agents, bases, and reactive metals, to prevent chemical reactions or hazards.

Stability:
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride solutions may degrade over time, especially in the presence of air or light. Store containers tightly closed to minimize air exposure and degradation.

Handling Precautions:
Handle containers with care to prevent damage or leakage.
Store containers on shelves or racks with adequate support and spacing to prevent tipping or falling.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures, such as locked storage areas or restricted access, to prevent unauthorized handling or tampering with Didecyldimethylammonium chloride.

Emergency Response:
Have appropriate spill containment and cleanup materials readily available in case of spills or leaks.
Train personnel on proper spill response procedures and emergency protocols.

DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE

Didecyldimonium chloride is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound.
Didecyldimonium chloride appears as a clear, colorless liquid.
Didecyldimonium chloride has a characteristic ammoniacal odor.
Didecyldimonium chloride is soluble in water.

CAS Number: 7173-51-5
EC Number: 230-525-2

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, DDAC, Dimethyldidecylammonium chloride, Decyldimethylammonium chloride, Didecyldimonium chloride, N,N-Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, N-Decyldimethyl-N-dodecylammonium chloride, Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride



APPLICATIONS


Didecyldimonium chloride is widely used as a disinfectant in healthcare facilities.
Didecyldimonium chloride is commonly employed for surface disinfection in hospitals, clinics, and laboratories.

Didecyldimonium chloride is utilized for sanitizing medical equipment, including surgical instruments and hospital furniture.
Didecyldimonium chloride is an effective biocide in water treatment applications.
Didecyldimonium chloride is added to cooling water systems to control microbial growth and biofouling.

Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the food industry for sanitation and disinfection purposes.
Didecyldimonium chloride helps maintain hygiene standards in food processing plants and commercial kitchens.
Didecyldimonium chloride is added to cleaning products for its antimicrobial properties.

Didecyldimonium chloride is found in household disinfectants, surface cleaners, and sanitizing wipes.

Didecyldimonium chloride is used in agricultural settings for disinfecting equipment and livestock facilities.
Didecyldimonium chloride is employed in the preservation of industrial fluids, such as metalworking fluids and lubricants.
Didecyldimonium chloride helps prevent microbial contamination and degradation in these fluids.

Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the preservation of paints, coatings, and adhesives to inhibit microbial growth.
Didecyldimonium chloride is added to personal care products, such as shampoos and body washes, as an antimicrobial agent.

Didecyldimonium chloride helps prevent microbial spoilage and contamination in these products.
Didecyldimonium chloride is utilized in the preservation of textiles and leather goods to inhibit microbial degradation.

Didecyldimonium chloride helps extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of these materials.
Didecyldimonium chloride is employed in the preservation of cosmetics and toiletries to prevent microbial growth.
Didecyldimonium chloride is added to disinfectant sprays and aerosols for household and commercial use.

Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the preservation of paints, coatings, and adhesives to inhibit microbial growth.
Didecyldimonium chloride is applied to hard surfaces for disinfection and sanitization.
Didecyldimonium chloride is used in institutional settings such as schools, daycare centers, and gyms to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Didecyldimonium chloride is used in water treatment plants for disinfecting drinking water and wastewater.
Didecyldimonium chloride is employed in the preservation of wood and timber products to prevent mold and fungal growth.
Didecyldimonium chloride plays a crucial role in various industries for maintaining hygiene, sanitation, and product quality.

Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the preservation of paper and pulp products to prevent microbial degradation.
Didecyldimonium chloride helps maintain the quality and extend the lifespan of paper-based materials.

Didecyldimonium chloride is added to industrial cooling towers to prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.
Didecyldimonium chloride is employed in the preservation of wooden structures and buildings to inhibit mold and mildew growth.
Didecyldimonium chloride helps protect wood from decay and deterioration caused by microbial activity.

Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the preservation of household products such as paints, varnishes, and sealants.
Didecyldimonium chloride is added to air fresheners and deodorizers for its antimicrobial properties.

Didecyldimonium chloride helps prevent microbial growth and odors in indoor environments.
Didecyldimonium chloride is utilized in the preservation of textiles and fabrics to inhibit the growth of mold, mildew, and bacteria.

Didecyldimonium chloride is applied to swimming pools and spas as a disinfectant and algaecide.
Didecyldimonium chloride helps maintain water clarity and prevent the growth of algae and bacteria.
Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the preservation of plastic and polymer products to prevent microbial degradation.

Didecyldimonium chloride is added to industrial fluids such as cutting oils and hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination.
Didecyldimonium chloride helps maintain the performance and integrity of these fluids.

Didecyldimonium chloride is employed in the preservation of fuel and oil storage tanks to inhibit microbial growth and biofilm formation.
Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the preservation of marine vessels and structures to prevent marine fouling and corrosion.

Didecyldimonium chloride helps protect ships, boats, and offshore platforms from the effects of microbial colonization.
Didecyldimonium chloride is applied to agricultural equipment and machinery to disinfect and sanitize surfaces.
Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the preservation of animal feed and bedding materials to inhibit mold and fungal growth.
Didecyldimonium chloride helps maintain the quality and safety of feed products.

Didecyldimonium chloride is employed in the preservation of HVAC systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofilm formation.
Didecyldimonium chloride is added to wastewater treatment processes to disinfect and sanitize effluent streams.

Didecyldimonium chloride helps ensure the safety and quality of treated wastewater before discharge.
Didecyldimonium chloride is used in the preservation of recreational water facilities such as water parks and hot tubs to prevent microbial contamination.
Didecyldimonium chloride has diverse applications across various industries for maintaining cleanliness, hygiene, and product integrity.



DESCRIPTION


Didecyldimonium chloride, also known as Didecyldimethylammonium chloride or DDAC, is a quaternary ammonium compound widely used as a disinfectant, biocide, and surfactant.
Didecyldimonium chloride is derived from the reaction between didecyldimethylamine and hydrochloric acid.

Didecyldimonium chloride is cationic in nature and exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.
Due to its efficacy and relatively low toxicity, Didecyldimonium chloride is commonly utilized in various industries, including healthcare, food processing, water treatment, and household cleaning.

In addition to its antimicrobial properties, Didecyldimonium chloride also functions as a surfactant, helping to lower surface tension and facilitate the removal of dirt, grease, and other contaminants from surfaces.
Didecyldimonium chloride is often found in disinfectant formulations, sanitizing solutions, antiseptic products, and industrial cleaners.
Didecyldimonium chloride is typically supplied as a clear, colorless liquid and may be diluted with water for use at various concentrations depending on the application.

Didecyldimonium chloride is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound.
Didecyldimonium chloride appears as a clear, colorless liquid.

Didecyldimonium chloride has a characteristic ammoniacal odor.
Didecyldimonium chloride is soluble in water.
Didecyldimonium chloride is also soluble in polar organic solvents.

Didecyldimonium chloride has low viscosity.
Didecyldimonium chloride exhibits moderate to high surface tension.
Didecyldimonium chloride is stable under normal storage conditions.

Didecyldimonium chloride is corrosive to metals in concentrated form.
Didecyldimonium chloride is classified as a biocide and disinfectant.

Didecyldimonium chloride is effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
Didecyldimonium chloride disrupts the cell membranes of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.
Didecyldimonium chloride is commonly used in healthcare settings for surface disinfection.
Didecyldimonium chloride is also employed in the food industry for sanitation purposes.

Didecyldimonium chloride is used in water treatment to control microbial growth.
Didecyldimonium chloride is added to cleaning products for its antimicrobial properties.
Didecyldimonium chloride is sometimes found in personal care products as an antimicrobial agent.

Didecyldimonium chloride may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact.
Didecyldimonium chloride is important to handle the compound with care and use appropriate personal protective equipment.

Didecyldimonium chloride is often diluted with water before use.
Didecyldimonium chloride is effective at relatively low concentrations.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C22H48ClN
Molecular Weight: Approximately 362.08 g/mol
Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Ammoniacal odor
Solubility in Water: Soluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in polar organic solvents
Melting Point: Approximately -40°C
Boiling Point: Approximately 130-135°C
Density: Approximately 0.98-1.0 g/cm³
pH: Typically alkaline (pH > 7)
Viscosity: Low to moderate viscosity
Surface Tension: Moderate to high surface tension
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Refractive Index: Approximately 1.42-1.44
Corrosivity: Corrosive to metals in concentrated form
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Flammability: Non-flammable
Vapor Pressure: Low vapor pressure
Hygroscopicity: Minimal to none
Acidity/Basicity: Basic (alkaline)
Toxicity: Low to moderate toxicity
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations
Biodegradability: Relatively low biodegradability



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If Didecyldimonium chloride vapors are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Ensure Breathing:
Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation.
If breathing is difficult, ensure an open airway and provide rescue breathing if necessary.

Seek Medical Attention:
If symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, or respiratory distress persist, seek medical attention promptly.

Provide Oxygen:
If available and trained to do so, administer oxygen to the affected person while awaiting medical assistance.

Keep Calm and Reassure:
Keep the affected person calm and reassure them while waiting for medical help.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If Didecyldimonium chloride comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove any contaminated clothing.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring thorough rinsing to remove any traces of Didecyldimonium chloride.

Use Mild Soap:
Use a mild soap or detergent to gently cleanse the skin, avoiding harsh chemicals that may exacerbate irritation.

Apply Moisturizer:
After washing, apply a soothing moisturizer or emollient to the affected area to help soothe and hydrate the skin.

Seek Medical Advice:
If skin irritation persists or worsens, seek medical advice or consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

Flush with Water:
Immediately flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If wearing contact lenses, remove them as soon as possible to facilitate irrigation of the eyes.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact an eye specialist if irritation, pain, or redness persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting if Didecyldimonium chloride has been ingested, as it may lead to further complications.

Do Not Drink Water:
Refrain from giving anything by mouth to the affected person unless instructed by medical personnel.

Seek Medical Assistance:
Immediately contact a poison control center or seek medical assistance for further guidance and treatment.

Provide Information:
Provide medical personnel with details regarding the amount ingested, the time of ingestion, and any symptoms experienced by the affected person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing (such as long sleeves and pants), when handling Didecyldimonium chloride to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation or work in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Avoid breathing in Didecyldimonium chloride vapors or mists.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin contact with Didecyldimonium chloride.
In case of skin contact, promptly wash affected areas with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect eyes from potential splashes or mists of Didecyldimonium chloride.
In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Handling Equipment:
Use equipment made of compatible materials, such as stainless steel, glass, or plastic, for handling and transferring Didecyldimonium chloride.
Avoid the use of reactive metals like aluminum or copper.

Prevent Spills:
Handle Didecyldimonium chloride containers with care to prevent spills or leaks.
Use appropriate containment measures, such as secondary containment trays or spill kits, in areas where spills may occur.

Do Not Mix:
Avoid mixing Didecyldimonium chloride with incompatible substances, such as strong bases, oxidizing agents, or reactive metals, as it may result in hazardous chemical reactions or releases of toxic gases.

Labeling: Clearly label containers of Didecyldimonium chloride with the product name, hazard symbols, handling instructions, and storage conditions to ensure proper identification and safe handling.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not ingest Didecyldimonium chloride.
Keep food, beverages, and tobacco products away from areas where Didecyldimonium chloride is handled or stored.

Training:
Provide training to personnel handling Didecyldimonium chloride on safe handling procedures, emergency response protocols, and the use of personal protective equipment.


Storage:

Container Selection:
Store Didecyldimonium chloride in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), or glass, to prevent moisture ingress and contamination.

Temperature Control:
Store Didecyldimonium chloride in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain storage temperatures between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).

Avoid Freezing:
Protect Didecyldimonium chloride from freezing temperatures, as freezing may result in crystallization or solidification of the solution.
If frozen, allow the solution to thaw completely before use.

Separation:
Store Didecyldimonium chloride away from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizing agents, bases, and reactive metals, to prevent chemical reactions or hazards.

Stability:
Didecyldimonium chloride solutions may degrade over time, especially in the presence of air or light.
Store containers tightly closed to minimize air exposure and degradation.

Handling Precautions:
Handle containers with care to prevent damage or leakage.
Store containers on shelves or racks with adequate support and spacing to prevent tipping or falling.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures, such as locked storage areas or restricted access, to prevent unauthorized handling or tampering with Didecyldimonium chloride.

Emergency Response:
Have appropriate spill containment and cleanup materials readily available in case of spills or leaks.
Train personnel on proper spill response procedures and emergency protocols.

DIDODECYL 3,3'-THIODIPROPIONATE
2,2'-Iminobisethanol; Diethylolamine; DEA; Diolamine; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Diethanolamine; Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine; iminodiethanol; Diaethanolamin (German); Diethanolamin (Czech); 2,2'-iminobis-Ethanol; Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Iminodiethanol; 2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine; 2,2'-Iminobis[ethanol]; 2,2'-Iminodi-1-ethanol; 2,2'-Iminodiethanol; N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; cas no: 111-42-2
DIETANOLAMIN %99-(DEA %99)
2,2'-Iminobisethanol; Diethylolamine; DEA; Diolamine; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Diethanolamine; Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine; iminodiethanol; Diaethanolamin (German); Diethanolamin (Czech); 2,2'-iminobis-Ethanol; Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Iminodiethanol; 2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine; 2,2'-Iminobis[ethanol]; 2,2'-Iminodi-1-ethanol; 2,2'-Iminodiethanol; N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; cas no: 111-42-2
DIETANOLAMINE %99
Diethyl Isopropanol Amine; DiethanolisopropanolaMine (DEIPA); 2,2'-(2-Hydroxypropylimino)bisethanol; 2,2'-[(2-Hydroxypropyl)imino]bisethanol; 2-Propanol, 1-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-; 1-[BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINO]-2-PROPANOL; N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ISOPROPANOLAMINE; 1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propane-2-ol; 1-[bis-2-hydroxy-ethyl-amino]-propan-2-ol; 1-(N,N-bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino)propan-2-ol; 1-[bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-propan-2-ol; 1-[N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINO]-2-PROPANOL; 1-[N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol,94%; 1-[N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol 94% CAS NO:6712-98-7
DIETHANOL ISOPROPANOLAMINE ( deipa)
2,2'-DIHYDROXYDIETHYLAMINE; 2,2'-IMINODIETHANOL; 2,2-IMINODIETHANOL; 2,2'-IMINODIETHANOL,BIS(BETA-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE IMINODIETHANOL; DI(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; DI-BETA-HYDROXYETHYLAMINE; DIETHANOLAMINE; DIETHANOLAMINE SUBSTRATE BUFFER; DIETHYLOLAMINE; LABOTEST-BB LTBB000446; 2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethanol; 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethanol; 2-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-ethanol; 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-ethanol; 2,2’-dihydroxy-diethylamin; 2,2’-iminobis-ethano; 2,2’-iminobisethanol; 2,2’-iminobis-Ethanol CAS NO:111-42-2
DIETHANOL ISOPROPANOLAMINE 85% (DEIPA 85%)
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is a chemical compound used as a cement grinding aid and performance enhancer in the cement industry.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is an alkanol amine that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ethanolamines.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is often employed in the production of Portland and blended cements, where it helps improve the grinding efficiency, resulting in enhanced cement properties.

CAS Number: 6712-98-7
EC Number: 229-470-3

Diisopropanolamine, N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)isopropanolamine, Diisopropylolamine, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, Dipropylene glycol monoisopropanolamine, 2-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-ethanamine, 2-Isocyanatoethyl-2,2-diisopropyl-1-oxa-2-silacyclopentane, Propanolamine,diethoxy-, 2-Diisopropanolaminoethanol, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, Diethanolisopropanolamine, N,N-Diisopropanolamine, 2,2'-Iminodiethanol, 2,2'-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)imino]bis(propan-1-ol), 2-Propanol, 1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-, Diethanol-isopropanolamine, Diisopropanol-amine, 2,2'-Iminodiethanol, 2,2'-Iminodiethanol, Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)isopropanolamine, 2,2'-Iminodiethanol, Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)isopropanolamine, 2-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-ethanamine, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), Diisopropylolamine, Diethanolisopropanolamine, Diisopropanolamine, 2,2'-Iminodiethanol, 2-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-ethanamine, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, Diethanolisopropanolamine, N,N-Diisopropanolamine, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), 2-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-ethanamine, 2-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-ethanamine, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, Diisopropanolamine, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), Diisopropylolamine, Diethanolisopropanolamine, N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, Diethanolisopropanolamine, N-Ethylmonoethanolamine, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), 2-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-ethanamine, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), Diisopropanolamine, N,N-Diisopropanolamine, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), 2-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-ethanamine, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol), Diisopropanolamine, 2,2'-Iminodi(ethanol).



APPLICATIONS


Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is extensively used as a cement grinding aid in the construction industry.
One of its primary applications is to enhance the efficiency of the cement grinding process during the production of Portland and blended cements.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) plays a crucial role in reducing the energy consumption associated with cement milling.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed to improve the grindability of clinker, leading to finer particles and increased surface area.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the overall performance of cement by promoting better particle dispersion and preventing agglomeration.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is known for its ability to increase the early and late strength of cement, resulting in improved quality.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is used to optimize various cement production parameters, including setting time and rheological properties.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is compatible with different types of cement, allowing its versatile application in various manufacturing processes.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed in controlled dosages, ensuring efficient performance without negatively affecting the properties of the final cement product.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized in combination with other cement additives to achieve specific performance targets and characteristics.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%)'s application is vital for cement manufacturers seeking to meet industry standards and regulatory requirements.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is an integral part of the ongoing efforts in the cement industry to enhance sustainability and reduce environmental impact.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is used in the formulation of cement additives, contributing to the development of innovative and high-performance construction materials.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) finds application in optimizing the properties of specialty cements designed for specific construction needs.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed in research and development activities aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of cement grinding aids.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized to achieve desired properties in the final cement product, such as increased strength, durability, and workability.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the reduction of clinker usage in cement production, supporting efforts to conserve natural resources.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is involved in the production of tailor-made cements for specific construction applications and environmental conditions.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is crucial in the development of sustainable and high-performance concrete mixes used in infrastructure projects.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) plays a role in the optimization of cement production processes, contributing to the overall cost-effectiveness of manufacturing.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed in the formulation of cement admixtures to enhance the workability and flow characteristics of concrete.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is part of quality control measures to ensure consistent and reliable performance across different cement formulations.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%)'s applications extend to the improvement of cement properties in various environmental conditions and climatic challenges.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is used by cement manufacturers as a key ingredient to achieve specific performance characteristics required by construction standards.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) continues to be a subject of study and innovation, with ongoing research aimed at expanding its applications and improving its efficiency in the cement industry.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed to optimize the cement milling process, ensuring finer particle size distribution for improved cement quality.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) acts as a dispersing agent, preventing the agglomeration of cement particles during grinding.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) enhances the fluidity of cement, making it easier to handle and transport during construction.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the reduction of clinker consumption, supporting sustainability goals in the cement industry.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized in the production of low-temperature cements, enabling applications in cold weather conditions.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) finds application in the formulation of specialty cements used in the oil and gas industry, including well cementing processes.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is integral in the development of high-performance concrete mixes for demanding structural applications.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized in the manufacturing of self-leveling and self-compacting concrete, enhancing workability and performance.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is applied to achieve specific rheological properties in cement, allowing for precise control over the flow characteristics.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) plays a role in reducing the water demand of cement, leading to more sustainable and eco-friendly construction practices.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is involved in the production of blended cements with improved durability and resistance to chemical attacks.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed in the production of sulfate-resistant cements for applications in aggressive environments.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is used in the formulation of cement admixtures to enhance the setting time and early strength of concrete.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the development of low-alkali cements, reducing the risk of alkali-silica reaction in concrete.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) finds application in the production of high-strength and high-performance concrete for critical infrastructure projects.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized in precast concrete manufacturing to improve the efficiency of molding and casting processes.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is applied in the production of decorative and architectural concrete, enhancing surface finish and aesthetics.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is used to modify the properties of pozzolanic cements, influencing their reactivity and performance.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) plays a role in the production of rapid-setting cements, allowing for faster construction processes.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the development of environmentally friendly cements with reduced carbon footprint.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed in the formulation of cementitious grouts for applications such as structural repairs and foundation stabilization.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized in the production of specialty mortars for specific construction requirements.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is applied to optimize the performance of shotcrete used in tunneling and underground construction.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is involved in research endeavors exploring its potential applications in novel and advanced cementitious materials.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) continues to be a subject of exploration in the field of green building materials, contributing to sustainable and resilient construction practices.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is instrumental in the production of high-performance concrete used in demanding structural applications like bridges and skyscrapers.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is applied to enhance the durability and resistance to chemical attacks in various types of specialized cement.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) finds application in the formulation of low-alkali cements, reducing the risk of alkali-silica reaction in concrete structures.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the development of self-healing concrete, improving the longevity and maintenance of infrastructure.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized in the production of expansive cements, aiding in controlling volume changes during the setting and hardening processes.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) plays a role in creating high-strength mortar used in the construction of load-bearing walls and other structural elements.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is involved in the production of non-shrink grouts, ensuring a stable and durable foundation for heavy machinery and equipment.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is applied in the production of colored concrete, allowing for a wide range of decorative and aesthetic possibilities.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) finds use in the manufacturing of fiber-reinforced concrete, improving tensile strength and crack resistance.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the development of lightweight concrete used in applications where reduced structural weight is critical.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed in the production of high-performance shotcrete, providing reliable support in tunneling and slope stabilization projects.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is used in the formulation of underwater concrete, ensuring proper cohesion and setting even in submerged conditions.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is applied in the production of polymer-modified concrete, enhancing flexibility, and reducing permeability.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) plays a role in the formulation of fire-resistant concrete, contributing to the safety of structures in fire-prone environments.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized in the development of pervious concrete, allowing for improved water drainage and reduced runoff.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is involved in the manufacturing of air-entrained concrete, enhancing freeze-thaw resistance in cold climates.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) finds application in the production of high-density concrete, commonly used in radiation shielding applications.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the development of low-heat concrete, reducing the risk of thermal cracking during the hydration process.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is applied in the production of high-volume fly ash concrete, utilizing industrial by-products for sustainable construction.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is used in the formulation of special purpose concretes for applications in the nuclear and waste containment industries.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) finds application in the production of geopolymer concrete, offering an alternative to traditional Portland cement-based materials.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) plays a role in the manufacturing of concrete pipes, ensuring optimal strength and durability in water and wastewater systems.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is utilized in the production of pre-stressed concrete, improving the structural integrity of beams and columns.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is involved in the formulation of expansive grouts, aiding in soil stabilization and foundation repair projects.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) continues to be explored for its potential applications in emerging trends, such as 3D printing of concrete structures and sustainable construction practices.



DESCRIPTION


Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is a chemical compound used as a cement grinding aid and performance enhancer in the cement industry.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is an alkanol amine that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ethanolamines.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is often employed in the production of Portland and blended cements, where it helps improve the grinding efficiency, resulting in enhanced cement properties.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is a versatile chemical compound with applications in the cement industry.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is known for its role as a cement grinding aid and performance enhancer.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) belongs to the ethanolamine family, containing both amine and alcohol functional groups.

With a molecular weight of approximately 163.21 g/mol, DEIPA is soluble in water.
The chemical formula for DEIPA is C7H17NO3, reflecting its composition of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is often used to improve the efficiency of cement grinding processes, leading to enhanced cement properties.

The 85% concentration in DEIPA 85% indicates the strength of the solution commonly available in the market.
As a grinding aid, DEIPA contributes to the reduction of the viscosity of cement during the grinding process, improving its fluidity.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is compatible with various types of cement, including Portland and blended cements.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is chosen for its ability to enhance both early and late strength of cement, resulting in improved overall quality.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is used in controlled dosages based on specific cement formulations and production requirements.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) plays a vital role in the reduction of energy consumption during cement grinding.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is known for its relatively low toxicity compared to some alternative grinding aids.
The chemical compatibility of DEIPA allows its use in combination with other cement additives.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed to increase the grindability of clinker and improve the overall efficiency of the cement production process.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is often handled in industrial settings with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) contributes to the performance of cement by promoting better particle dispersion and reducing agglomeration.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) serves as a valuable tool for cement manufacturers aiming to achieve specific quality and performance targets.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%)'s application is crucial in optimizing cement production parameters for varying environmental conditions.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is part of the ongoing efforts in the cement industry to enhance sustainability and resource efficiency.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) undergoes strict quality control measures to ensure consistent performance in different cement formulations.

Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is employed as a key ingredient in the formulation of cement additives to meet specific industry requirements.
The use of Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) aligns with industry standards and regulations governing cement production.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) is stored and transported in accordance with safety guidelines to prevent any potential hazards.
Diethanol Isopropanolamine 85% (DEIPA 85%) continues to be a subject of research and development, with ongoing efforts to improve its efficiency and applicability in the cement manufacturing process.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C7H17NO3
Molecular Weight: Approximately 163.21 g/mol
Appearance: Clear liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Characteristic amine-like odor
Solubility in Water: Soluble
pH (1% solution): Approximately 9.0 - 11.0
Boiling Point: Not readily available
Melting Point: Not readily available
Density: Approximately 1.03 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Flash Point: Not readily available
Autoignition Temperature: Not readily available
Vapor Pressure: Not readily available
Viscosity: Not readily available
Refractive Index: Not readily available
Freezing Point: Not readily available
Vapor Density: Not readily available
Flammability: Not readily available
Explosive Properties: Not classified as explosive
Corrosivity: May cause corrosion in metals under certain conditions
Partition Coefficient (Log P): Not readily available
Critical Temperature: Not readily available
Critical Pressure: Not readily available
Evaporation Rate: Not readily available
Stability: Stable under normal conditions



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Allow the person to rest in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if trained to do so.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists or if symptoms worsen.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, flush eyes with plenty of lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists or if there is evidence of injury.


Ingestion:

If DEIPA is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly and drink plenty of water.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Provide the medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid Measures:

If someone shows signs of irritation or an allergic reaction after exposure to DEIPA, remove the person from the source of exposure.
Provide comfort and reassurance to the affected individual.
If there are visible signs of chemical burns, rinse the affected area with copious amounts of water.
If the person is unconscious or experiencing difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical assistance immediately.
Do not administer any medication or other substances unless directed by medical professionals.


Notes for Medical Personnel:

DEIPA is an alkanolamine, and exposure may cause irritation to the respiratory system, skin, and eyes.
Provide supportive care based on the individual's symptoms and the severity of exposure.
If skin burns occur, assess the extent of the burns and provide appropriate wound care.
In case of ingestion, monitor vital signs and provide treatment based on the symptoms.


Additional Information:

Always have a copy of the safety data sheet (SDS) readily available for emergency responders.
Follow workplace protocols and emergency response procedures in case of accidental exposure.
If there is uncertainty about the extent of exposure or the severity of symptoms, seek professional medical advice promptly.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Conditions:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area, or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Avoid inhaling vapors or mists.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact.
If contact occurs, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling DEIPA.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.
Provide eye wash stations and safety showers in areas where DEIPA is handled.

Spill Response:
In case of spills, contain the spill using suitable absorbent materials.
Avoid contact with spilled material, and follow proper cleanup procedures.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations.

Equipment Handling:
Use appropriate handling equipment and tools to minimize direct contact with DEIPA.
Ensure equipment is properly maintained to prevent leaks or spills.

Transportation:
Transport DEIPA in accordance with local and international regulations.
Use suitable containers that are compatible with the substance.


Storage Conditions:

Storage Location:
Store DEIPA in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from incompatible materials and sources of heat.

Temperature Control:
Store at temperatures specified by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Container Type:
Use containers made of materials compatible with DEIPA.
Consult the SDS for guidance.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Protection from Elements:
Protect DEIPA from direct sunlight, moisture, and sources of ignition.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store DEIPA away from incompatible substances, such as strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.
Follow compatibility information provided in the SDS.

Handling of Large Quantities:
If handling large quantities, use appropriate storage facilities with containment measures to prevent spills and leaks.
Implement spill response and containment measures.

Labeling:
Ensure that storage containers are clearly labeled with the product name, hazard symbols, and other relevant information.
Clearly mark containers with appropriate hazard warnings.

Security Measures:
Implement appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the storage area.
Comply with local regulations and facility security protocols.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response procedures in place, including spill cleanup measures and contact information for relevant authorities.
Train personnel on emergency response protocols.

DIETHANOLAMINE
Diethanolamine is an organic base which has been used as an emulsifying and dispersing agent.
Diethanolamine can also be used as a basic buffer, with optimal pH about pH 9, if titrated with HCl or other acid.
Other uses include: to "scrub" gases, as a chemical intermediate, as humectant or softening agent.

CAS: 111-42-2
MF: C4H11NO2
MW: 105.14
EINECS: 203-868-0

Synonyms
DIETHANOLAMINE;111-42-2;2,2'-Iminodiethanol;Diolamine;Iminodiethanol;2-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)ethanol;Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine;Diethylolamine;2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine;N,N-Diethanolamine;Diethanolamin;Ethanol, 2,2'-iminobis-;2,2'-Iminobisethanol;2,2'-Azanediyldiethanol;Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine;N,N'-Iminodiethanol;Niax DEOA-LF;Diaethanolamin;Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine;Dabco DEOA-LF;N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine;2,2'-Iminodi-1-ethanol;2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethan-1-ol;N,N-Di(hydroxyethyl)amine;61791-44-4;H2dea;NCI-C55174;Di(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine;Bis-2-hydroxyethylamine;Diethylamine, 2,2'-dihydroxy-;Diolamine [INN];Tegoamin deoa 85;Ethanol, 2,2'-iminodi-;NSC 4959;2,2'Iminobisethanol;MFCD00002843;CCRIS 5906;HSDB 924

Diethanolamine, often abbreviated as DEA or DEOA, is an organic compound with the formula HN(CH2CH2OH)2.
Pure diethanolamine is a white solid at room temperature, but its tendencies to absorb water and to supercool meaning that it is often encountered as a colorless, viscous liquid.
Diethanolamine is polyfunctional, being a secondary amine and a diol.
Like other organic amines, diethanolamine acts as a weak base.
Reflecting the hydrophilic character of the secondary amine and hydroxyl groups, DEA is soluble in water.

Diethanolamine Chemical Properties
Melting point: 28 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 217 °C/150 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.097 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 3.6 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.477(lit.)
Fp: 280 °F
Storage temp: 2-8°C
Solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: Viscous Liquid or Low Melting Solid
Color: APHA: ≤15
Specific Gravity: 1.09
Odor: Mild ammoniacal; faint, fishy; characteristic.
PH: 11.0-12.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Pka: 8.88(at 25℃)
Explosive limit: 2.1-10.6%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.02
Merck: 14,3107
BRN: 605315
LogP: -2.46 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 111-42-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Diethanolamine(111-42-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diethanolamine (111-42-2)

Uses
Diethanolamine is used as a surfactant and a corrosion inhibitor.
Diethanolamine is used to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from natural gas.

Diethanolamine is widely used in the preparation of diethanolamides and diethanolamine salts of long-chain fatty acids that are formulated into soaps and surfactants used in liquid laundry and dishwashing detergents, cosmetics, shampoos and hair conditioners.
In oil refineries, Diethanolamine in water solution is commonly used to remove hydrogen sulfide from sour gas.
Diethanolamine has an advantage over a similar amine, ethanolamine, in that a higher concentration may be used for the same corrosion potential.
This allows refiners to scrub hydrogen sulfide at a lower circulating amine rate with less overall energy usage.

To scrub gases as indicated under ethanolamine.
Diethanolamine can be used with cracking gases and coal or oil gases which contain carbonyl sulfide that would react with monoethanolamine.
As rubber chemicals intermediate.
In the manufacture of surface active agents used in textile specialties, herbicides, petroleum demulsifiers.
As emulsifier and dispersing agent in various agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
In the production of lubricants for the textile industry.
As humectant and softening agent.

Diethanolamine undergoes reactions characteristic of secondary amines and of alcohols.
Two industrially important reactions of the ethanolamines involve reaction with carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide to yield water soluble salts, and reaction with long chain fatty acids to form neutral ethanolamine soaps.
Substituted ethanolamine compounds, such as soaps, are used extensively as emulsifiers, thickeners, wetting agents, and detergents in cosmetic formulations (including skin cleaners, creams, and lotions).
Diethanolamine is used as a dispersing agent in various agricultural chemicals, as an absorbent for acidic gases (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide), as a humectant, as an intermediate in the synthesis of morpholine, as a surface-active agent in cutting fluids, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a component in textile specialty agents, and as a secondary vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry.
Diethanolamine is also used in cleaners and pharmaceutical ointments, in polyurethane formulations, in herbicides, and in a variety of organic syntheses.
Diethanolamine is permitted in articles intended for use in the production, processing, or packaging of food, and is permitted as a secondary direct food additive from use in delinting cottonseed in the production of cottonseed oil or meal cake.
Because of the wide industrial and consumer uses, large amounts of this chemical are discharged into water and sewage in an unaltered form.

Preparation
Diethanolamine is prepared commercially by the ammonolysis of ethylene oxide.
The reaction yields a mixture of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine which is separated to obtain the pure products.

Production Methods
Diethanolamine is produced with monoethanolamine and triethanolamine by ammonolysis of ethylene oxide; Diethanolamine is then separated by distillation.
DIETHANOLAMINE
DIETHANOLAMINE Diethanolamine Diethanolamine Skeletal formula of Diethanolamine Ball-and-stick model of the Diethanolaminemolecule Names IUPAC name 2,2'-aminodiethanol Other names Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine β,β'-Dihydroxydiethylamine Diolamine 2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol 2,2'-Iminobisethanol Iminodiethanol Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)amine 2,2'-Iminodiethanol Identifiers CAS Number 111-42-2 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image 3DMet B01050 Beilstein Reference 605315 ChEBI CHEBI:28123 check ChEMBL ChEMBL119604 check ChemSpider 13835604 check ECHA InfoCard 100.003.517 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 203-868-0 KEGG D02337 check MeSH Diethanolamine PubChem CID 8113 RTECS number KL2975000 UNII AZE05TDV2V check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID3021932 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C4H11NO2 Molar mass 105.137 g·mol−1 Appearance Colourless crystals Odor Ammonia odor Density 1.097 g·mL−1 Melting point 28.00 °C; 82.40 °F; 301.15 K Boiling point 271.1 °C; 519.9 °F; 544.2 K Solubility in water Miscible log P -1.761 Vapor pressure <1 Pa (at 20 °C) UV-vis (λmax) 260 nm Refractive index (nD) 1.477 Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C) 137 J·K−1·mol−1 Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) −496.4 – −491.2 kJ·mol−1 Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) −26.548 – −26.498 MJ·kmol−1 Hazards Safety data sheet sciencelab.com GHS pictograms GHS05: Corrosive GHS07: Harmful GHS08: Health hazard GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H302, H315, H318, H373 GHS precautionary statements P280, P305+351+338 Flash point 138 °C (280 °F; 411 K) Autoignition temperature 365 °C (689 °F; 638 K) Explosive limits 1.6–9.8%[1] Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose) 120 mg·kg−1 (intraperitoneal, rat) 710 mg·kg−1 (oral, rat) 778 mg·kg−1 (intravaneous, rat) 12.2 g·kg−1 (dermal, rabbit) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible) None[1] REL (Recommended) TWA: 3 ppm (15 mg/m3)[1] IDLH (Immediate danger) N.D.[1] Related compounds Related alkanols N-Methylethanolamine Dimethylethanolamine Diethylethanolamine N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol Methyl Diethanolamine Triethanolamine Bis-tris methane Meglumine Related compounds Diethylhydroxylamine Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Diethanolamine, often abbreviated as Diethanolamineor DEOA, is an organic compound with the formula HN(CH2CH2OH)2. Pure Diethanolaminei s a white solid at room temperature, but its tendencies to absorb water and to supercool[2] mean it is often encountered as a colorless, viscous liquid. Diethanolamine is polyfunctional, being a secondary amine and a diol. Like other organic amines, Diethanolamine acts as a weak base. Reflecting the hydrophilic character of the secondary amine and hydroxyl groups, Diethanolamine is soluble in water. Amides prepared from Diethanolamine are often also hydrophilic. In 2013, the chemical was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2B). Production The reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia first produces ethanolamine: C2H4O + NH3 → H2NCH2CH2OH which reacts with a second and third equivalent of ethylene oxide to give Diethanolamineand triethanolamine: C2H4O + H2NCH2CH2OH → HN(CH2CH2OH)2 C2H4O + HN(CH2CH2OH)2 → N(CH2CH2OH)3 About 300M kg are produced annually in this way.[3] The ratio of the products can be controlled by changing the stoichiometry of the reactants.[4] Uses Diethanolamine is used as a surfactant and a corrosion inhibitor. It is used to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from natural gas. Diethanolamineis widely used in the preparation of diethanolamides and Diethanolaminesalts of long-chain fatty acids that are formulated into soaps and surfactants used in liquid laundry and dishwashing detergents, cosmetics, shampoos and hair conditioners.[5]In oil refineries, a Diethanolaminein water solution is commonly used to remove hydrogen sulfide from sour gas. It has an advantage over a similar amine, ethanolamine, in that a higher concentration may be used for the same corrosion potential. This allows refiners to scrub hydrogen sulfide at a lower circulating amine rate with less overall energy usage. Diethanolamineis a chemical feedstock used in the production of morpholine.[3][4] Morpholine from DEA.png Amides derived from Diethanolamineand fatty acids, known as diethanolamides, are amphiphilic. The reaction of 2-chloro-4,5-diphenyloxazole with Diethanolaminegave rise to Ditazole. The reaction of Diethanolamineand Isobutyraldehyde with water removed produces an Oxazolidine. Commonly used ingredients that may contain DEA Diethanolamineis used in the production of diethanolamides, which are common ingredients in cosmetics and shampoos added to confer a creamy texture and foaming action. Consequently, some cosmetics that include diethanolamides as ingredients contain DEA. [6]Some of the most commonly used diethanolamides include: Cocamide DEA DEA-Cetyl Phosphate DiethanolamineOleth-3 Phosphate Lauramide DEA Myristamide DEA Oleamide DEA Safety Diethanolamineis a potential skin irritant in workers sensitized by exposure to water-based metalworking fluids.[7] One study showed that Diethanolamineinhibits in baby mice the absorption of choline, which is necessary for brain development and maintenance;[8] however, a study in humans determined that dermal treatment for 1 month with a commercially available skin lotion containing Diethanolamineresulted in Diethanolaminelevels that were "far below those concentrations associated with perturbed brain development in the mouse".[9] In a mouse study of chronic exposure to inhaled Diethanolamineat high concentrations (above 150 mg/m3), Diethanolaminewas found to induce body and organ weight changes, clinical and histopathological changes, indicative of mild blood, liver, kidney and testicular systemic toxicity.[10] A 2009 study found that Diethanolaminehas potential acute, chronic and subchronic toxicity properties for aquatic species. Properties of diethanolamine Molecular Formula:C4H11NO2 Molecular Weight:105.137 g/mol Flash Point:176°(349°F) Boiling Point:268-270° Flash Point:176°(349°F) Density:1.097 Diethanolamine (DEA or DEOA) is a colorless, viscous liquid organic chemical compound that is both a secondary amine and a dialcohol. According to the International Agency for Research, the compound is a suspected carcinogen to humans. The hydrophilic liquid is used as a surfactant as well as a corrosion inhibitor. DEA is also used to remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. Reactivity Profile Diethanolamine is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. This compound is hygroscopic. It may be sensitive to exposure to air and light. This compound can react with oxidizing materials, acids, CO2, copper alloys, aluminum, zinc, galvanized iron and copper. Applications Diethanolamine is used in the preparation of morpholine and diethanolamides, which is an active ingredient in cosmetics and shampoos. It acts as a surfactant and a corrosion inhibitor. It is utilized to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from natural gas. Further, it is an intermediate used in the rubber chemicals, as a humectant and a softening agent, and as an emulsifier and dispersing agent in agricultural chemicals. In addition to this, it is used in cutting oils, cleaners, soaps, polishers, and pharmaceuticals. Health Hazard Information Acute Effects: Acute inhalation exposure to diethanolamine in humans may result in irritation of the nose and throat, and dermal exposure may result in irritation of the skin. Animal studies indicate that exposure to diethanolamine by intravenous injections can cause increased blood pressure, pupillary dilatation, and salivation. At very high doses in animals, sedation, and coma may result. Acute animal studies have shown that dermal exposure to diethanolamine may burn skin, and eye contact with the chemical may impair vision. Acute animal tests in rats have shown diethanolamine to have moderate acute toxicity from oral exposure. Chronic Effects (Noncancer): No information is available on the chronic effects of diethanolamine in humans. Animal studies have reported effects on the liver, kidney, blood, and CNS from chronic oral exposure to diethanolamine. Skin lesions were observed in mice following daily topical administration of diethanolamine. EPA has not established a Reference Concentration (RfC) or a Reference Dose (RfD) for diethanolamine. The California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) has established a chronic reference exposure level of 0.02 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m ) for diethanolamine based on effects on the blood in rats. The CalEPA reference exposure level is a concentration at or below which adverse health effects are not likely to occur. It is not a direct estimator of risk but rather a reference point to gauge the potential effects. At lifetime exposures increasingly greater than the reference exposure level, the potential for adverse health effects increases. Reproductive/Developmental Effects: No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of diethanolamine in humans. Animal studies have reported testicular degeneration and reduced sperm motility and count from oral exposure to diethanolamine. Cancer Risk: No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of diethanolamine in humans. EPA has not classified diethanolamine for carcinogenicity. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble. Fire Hazard Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors are generated when heated. Health Hazard Irritation of eyes and skin. Breathing vapors may cause coughing, a smothering sensation, nausea, headache. Diethanolamine appears as oily colorless liquid or solid white crystals. Slight rotten fish or ammonia odor. Denser than water. (USCG, 1999) CAMEO Chemicals Diethanolamine is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It derives from an ethanolamine. ChEBI Diethanolamine is used in a number of consumer products, such as shampoos, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Limited information is available on the health effects of diethanolamine. Acute (short- term) inhalation exposure to diethanolamine in humans may result in irritation of the nose and throat, and dermal exposure may irritate the skin. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of diethanolamine in humans. Animal studies have reported effects on the liver, kidney, blood, and central nervous system (CNS) from chronic oral exposure to diethanolamine. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) reported an increased incidence of liver and kidney tumors in mice from dermal exposure to diethanolamine. EPA has not classified diethanolamine for carcinogenicity. Molecular Weight of Diethanolamine 105.14 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3 -1.4 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Diethanolamine 3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Diethanolamine 3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Diethanolamine 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Diethanolamine 105.078979 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Diethanolamine 105.078979 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Diethanolamine 52.5 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Diethanolamine 7 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Diethanolamine 28.9 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Diethanolamine 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Diethanolamine Is Canonicalized Yes Technical products and impurities Diethanolamine is commercially available with the following specifications: purity, 99% min.; monoethanolamine, 0.5% max.; triethanolamine 0.5% max.; and water content, 0.15% max. (Huntsman Corporation, 2008). A lower grade of diethanolamine is commercially available with the following specifications: purity, 55% min.; monoethanolamine, 5% max.; triethanolamine 40% max.; and water content, 1% max. (Elarum, 2010). In Europe, diethanolamine is typically marketed with the following specifications: purity, > 99%; triethanolamine, 1% max.; monoethanolamine, 0.5% max.; and water content, 0.2% max. (OECD, 2007). Diethanolamine is also available as a blend of 83–87% diethanolamine and 13–17% deionized water with monoethanolamine and triethanolamine present as impurities at a maximum concentration of 1% (Huntsman Corporation, 2007). 1.1.5. Analysis Diethanolamine can be determined in workplace air by drawing the air sample through aqueous hexanesulfonic acid and analysing with ion chromatography. The range for this method is 0.30–19.5 mg for a 100-L air sample (NIOSH, 2003). Diethanolamine can be determined in air by drawing the air sample through sampling tubes containing XAD-2 resin coated with 10% 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. Samples are analysed by desorbing the adsorbent with dimethylformamide and quantitating the amine derivative by high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection (OSHA, 2010). Exposure to diethanolamine from metal working fluids has been determined by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of aqueous hand-washing solutions and personal air samples collected on acid-treated glass fibre filters (Henriks-Eckerman et al., 2007). Levels of diethanolamine in shampoo products can be determined by liquid chromatography/thermal energy analysis after conversion to N-nitrosodiethanolamine with acetic acid and sodium nitrite (Chou, 2005). 1.2. Production and use 1.2.1. Production Diethanolamine is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with ammonia. In most production facilities, ethylene oxide and ammonia are reacted in a batch process that yields a crude mixture of ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. The mixture is then distilled to separate and purify the individual compounds (Edens & Lochary, 2004). Ethanolamines became available commercially in the early 1930s; they assumed steadily growing commercial importance as intermediates after 1945, because of the large-scale production of ethylene oxide. Since the mid-1970s, economical production of very pure, colourless ethanolamines has been possible (IARC, 2000). It has been estimated that 45 900 and 75 400 tonnes of diethanolamine were produced in the USA in 1972 and 1983, respectively (HSDB, 2010). Estimated annual production of diethanolamine in the USA over three decades is presented in Table 1.1. Table 1.1. Estimated annual production of diethanolamine in the USA (thousand tonnes). Table 1.1 Estimated annual production of diethanolamine in the USA (thousand tonnes). Worldwide production of ethanolamines in 1985 was approximately (thousand tonnes per year): USA, 220; western Europe, 145; south-eastern Asia, 40; South America, 18; and eastern Europe, 4. Of the world production of ethanolamines in 1985, approximately 50% was mono-ethanolamine, 30–35% diethanolamine and 15–20% triethanolamine (Hammer et al., 1987). The annual world capacity for the ethanolamines in 2005 was estimated at 1 510 000 tonnes, subdivided into 400 000 tonnes for Europe (eight production sites), 780 000 tonnes for North and South America (seven production sites), 30 000 tonnes for the Middle East (one production site) and 300 000 tonnes for the Asia/Pacific region (11 production sites). No data on individual capacities for diethanolamine were available (OECD, 2007). Information available in 2010 indicated that diethanolamine was manufactured by 29 companies in the USA, seven companies in Mexico, three companies each in the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom, two companies each in Canada, Germany, China (Hong Kong SAR) and India, and one company each in Belgium, Slovak Republic and Switzerland (Chemical Sources International, 2010). Other sources indicated that diethanolamine was produced by five companies in the USA (HSDB, 2010), five companies in Germany, three companies in the United Kingdom, three companies in the Netherlands and one company each in Austria, Belgium, Denmark and Sweden (IUCLID, 2000). 1.2.2. Use Diethanolamine is widely used in the preparation of diethanolamides and diethanolamine salts of long-chain fatty acids that are formulated into soaps and surfactants used in liquid laundry and dishwashing detergents, cosmetics, shampoos and hair conditioners. Diethanolamine is also used in the production of lubricants in the textile industry, in industrial gas purification to remove acid gases and as an emulsifer and dispersing agent in preparations of agricultural chemicals. Diethanolamine is used in metalworking fluids for cutting, stamping and die-casting operations as a corrosion inhibitor. In the production of detergents, cleaners, fabric solvents and metalworking fluids, diethanolamine is used for acid neutralization and soil deposition. Aqueous diethanolamine solutions are used as solvents for numerous drugs that are administered intravenously. Shampoos and hair dyes may contain free diethanolamine as a component and/or as a contaminant of fatty acid alkanolamides, generally in the range of 0.2–10% (Bailey, 2007). Diethanolamine is used with sulfolane in the sulfinol process to absorb carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gases The database for substances in preparations in Nordic countries lists a wide variety of uses of diethanolamine registered in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. In 2004, 520 preparations containing diethanolamine, accounting for a total volume of 19 865.8 tonnes, were registered in Denmark. In Norway, Sweden, and Finland, 103 (856.8 tonnes), 307 (459.0 tonnes), and 75 (132.7 tonnes) products were registered, respectively. Use categories included intermediates, cleaning/washing agents, paints, lacquers and varnishes, surface treatments, cutting fluids, pH-regulation agents, impregnation materials, surface-active agents, corrosion inhibitors, process regulators, colouring agents, reprographic agents, lubricants and additives. Its use in consumer preparations was indicated for products registered in Norway and Sweden (SPIN, 2006; OECD, 2008). 1.3. Occurrence and exposure 1.3.1. Natural occurrence Diethanolamine is not known to occur as a natural product. 1.3.2. Occupational exposure Diethanolamine is present in water-based machining and grinding fluids (soluble oils, semi-synthetic and synthetic metalworking fluids) and has been detected in workplace air in the metal manufacturing industry. It was detected in bulk metalworking fluids at levels ranging from 4 to 5% (Kenyon et al., 1993). Recent exposure to diethanolamine can be inferred from studies showed dermal sensitivity among workers exposed to metalworking fluids (Geier et al., 2004a, b). Moreover, the presence of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in bulk fluids and in the urine of exposed workers may provide indirect evidence for the exposure to diethanolamine from these fluids (Ducos & Gaudin, 2003). According to the 1981–83 National Occupational Exposure Survey (NIOSH, 1999), 800 000 workers (many of whom were metalworkers) in the USA were potentially exposed to diethanolamine. The median air concentration of diethanolamine in nine machine shops in Finland was found to be 64 µg/m3 (Henriks-Eckerman et al., 2007). The presence of diethanolamine has also been reported in wetting fluids used in road paving. A level of 0.05 mg/m3 was detected in a stationary sample at a slurry machine discharging a bitumen emulsion containing 0.2% of the amine. All personal exposures were below the limit of detection (0.02 mg/m3) (Levin et al., 1994). In a study in Germany (1992–94), diethanolamine was detected in samples of metalworking fluids at a range of 0–44% (n = 69). The proportion of samples in which diethanolamine was present steadily declined from 90 to 60% over the study period (Pfeiffer et al., 1996). In 1996, 51 samples of cooling lubricant concentrates from the German market were analysed. Of these, six (12%) showed diethanolamine concentrations of more than 0.2%, with a maximum concentration reaching 0.85%. The occurrence of diethanolamine levels above 0.2% in these concentrates declined from 80% (1991–92), to 53% (1993), 25% (1994), 21% (1995), and 12% (1996). The reduction was due to a change in the composition of the coolant fluids that followed regulatory requirements in Germany (see Section 1.4). The detected residues above 0.2% were not due to the direct addition of diethanolamine as an ingredient, but to contamination by other components in the coolant fluids (Kaup et al., 1997). At a site in Germany, diethanolamine is produced in one production plant and is processed further within eight other operations and plants. Between January 2001 and December 2006, data on 53 workplace exposures covering all operations were collected by means of personal air sampling. The reported data are 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) values for shifts. In the production plant, the highest value recorded was 0.026 mg/m3; at the filling stations, the maximum value recorded was 0.062 mg/m3; and the overall range of the measurements (53) was < 0.019–0.062 mg/m3 (OECD, 2008). 1.3.3. Environmental occurrence Production of diethanolamine and its wide use in industrial and consumer products may result in its release into the environment (Yordy & Alexander, 1981; Beyer et al., 1983; Environment Canada, 1995; Mathews et al., 1995; Knaak et al., 1997). (a) Air According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory, air emissions of diethanolamine from 358 industrial facilities in 1994 were approximately 149 200 kg in the USA (US EPA, 1996). According to the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) of Canada, on-site releases of diethanolamine into the air from 74 facilities amounted to about 40 000 kg/year (Environment Canada, 1995). (b) Water Surface water discharges of diethanolamine from 358 industrial facilities in 1994 in the USA amounted to 100 350 kg, as reported in the Toxics Release Inventory (US EPA, 1996). On-site releases of diethanolamine (and its salts) to water from 74 facilities in Canada amounted to about 26 000 kg/year, as reported to the NPRI (Environment Canada, 1995). Because of the spectrum of industrial and consumer uses of diethanolamine and its miscibility with water, large amounts of the chemical can be discharged into wastewater and sewage in an unaltered form (Yordy & Alexander, 1981; Mathews et al., 1995). Diethanolamine was not detected in a study carried out in 1978 in any of the 21 samples taken from surface water in Japan (Japanese Department of Environmental Health, 1985). Diethanolamine was detected in German surface waters of the Rivers Elbe at 0.34–0.58 µg/L, Mulde at 2.54–4.6 µg/L, Neibe at 0.72–1.8 µg/L and Rhine at 0.30–0.59 µg/L (Pietsch et al., 2001; OECD, 2008). (c) Soil Releases of diethanolamine to the land and underground from 358 industrial facilities in the USA in 1994 (as reported to the Toxics Release Inventory) amounted to 77 050 kg and 36 850 kg, respectively (US EPA, 1996). Canadian on-site releases of diethanolamine (and its salts) to land and underground amounted to about 118 000 kg and 497 000 kg/year, respectively, as reported to the NPRI (Environment Canada, 1995). 1.3.4. Occurrence in personal care products Free diethanolamine is reported to be a contaminant in fatty acid-diethanolamine condensates (amides of coconut oil acid, oleic acid and lauric acid) at levels ranging from < 1% to nearly 19%. Diethanolamine also occurs as a contaminant in triethanolamine products (see Table 1.3). Table 1.3. Diethanolamine content of several condensates. Table 1.3 Diethanolamine content of several condensates. Potential exposure to diethanolamine in personal care products arises from the use of alkanolamides of diethanolamine, which are condensation products of diethanolamine and fatty acids (e.g. cocamide diethanolamine, a reaction product of diethanolamine and coconut oil-derived fatty acids). Cocamide diethanolamine, lauramide diethanolamine, linoleamide diethanolamine and oleamide diethanolamine are fatty acid diethanolamides that may contain 4r33% diethanolamine, and are present in cosmetics at concentrations of < 0.1–50% (Dea, 1986). Twenty shampoo products were analysed and 19 were found to contain diethanolamine at levels ranging from 140 to 15 200 ppm (Chou, 2005). In a substudy to assess skin absorption, a commercially available body lotion was found to contain 1.8 mg/g diethanolamine (Craciunescu et al., 2009). In a study of skin penetration, two representative shampoo formulations containing coconut diethanolamide at a concentration of 4% were found to contain 0.98% diethanolamine; two shampoos and a bubble bath containing 4.75% lauramide diethanolamine contained 0.25% diethanolamine; a leave-on emulsion containing 2% triethanolamine contained 0.008% diethanolamine; and an oxidative hair dye containing 4.7% lauramide diethanolamine contained 0.25% diethanolamine, while two other hair dye products containing 1.4% lauramide diethanolamine contained 0.075% diethanolamine (Brain et al., 2005). In a study of the penetration of cosmetic products through intact human skin, a shampoo containing cocamide diethanolamine was found to include 0.092% free diethanolamine, and a second shampoo containing lauramide diethanolamine included 0.28% free diethanolamine (Kraeling et al., 2004). 1.3.5. Detection in body fluids and daily exposure estimates After about 3 or 4 weeks of using a body lotion containing 1.8 mg/g diethanolamine, plasma concentrations of the compound in three volunteer subjects ranged from 3 to 7 nmol/mL (Craciunescu et al., 2009) [data were read from a graph]. Craciunescu et al., (2006) provided exposure estimates of 8–200 mg/kg per day from daily use of shampoo. An alternative calculation using a lower diethanolamine content in shampoo and lower skin penetration rates suggested that the exposure to diethanolamine for a 60-kg adult would be in the range of 0.2–2 µg/kg per day (Bailey, 2007). [The Working Group noted the large discrepancy in the estimated values between the two studies.] 1.4. Regulations and guidelines Occupational exposure limits and guidelines for diethanolamine are presented in Table 1.4. Table 1.4. Occupational exposure limits and guidelines for diethanolamine. Table 1.4 Occupational exposure limits and guidelines for diethanolamine. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permits the use of diethanolamine as a component of adhesives in food packaging, as an indirect food additive, as a component of uncoated or coated food contact surfaces of paper and paperboard for use with dry solid foods with no free fat or oil on the surface, and for use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbance and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard or for use only in paper mill boilers in the USA (FDA, 2010). A technical standard in Germany limits the level of diethanolamine in water-mixable cooling lubricants to 0.2% (Kaup et al., 1997). Go to: 2. Cancer in Humans The Working Group was not aware of any study that specifically examined the risk of cancer among persons exposed to diethanolamine. While diethanolamine is found in personal care products, no epidemiological studies evaluating human cancer in association with diethanolamine were identified. However, ethanolamines have been used as additives in metalworking fluids since the 1950s and are present in wetting fluids used in asphalt paving. Exposures to these agents occur as complex mixtures and there is a large database of studies on workers exposed in these occupational settings. In light of the complex mixtures, and concomitant occupational exposures, any observed elevations in risk cannot be specifically attributed to diethanolamine or to any other constituent of the complex mixtures. The Working Group, therefore, did not make a detailed evaluation of these studies. The data on metalworking fluids are reviewed below, although a formal evaluation by the Working Group is not provided. There are four major types of metalworking fluid: straight (generally mineral oils), soluble and semi-synthetic (straight oils diluted with water and additives) and synthetic (water and additives with no oil). [Exposure assessments for soluble and synthetic are often combined for analysis.] Ethanolamines — either diethanolamine or triethanolamine — are common additives to soluble, semi-synthetic and synthetic metal-working fluids (see Section 1). Diethanolamine may also be present as an unintended impurity of intended triethanolamine or fatty acid diethanolamide additives. Metalworking fluids are complex mixtures that may vary considerably, depending on the type of fluid and the additives used. These mixtures may contain many potential carcinogens and, in particular, potential exposure to N-nitrosodiethanolamine occurred in all of the studies considered. The use of diethanolamine and nitrites together as additives to metalworking fluids can lead to the formation of N-nitrosodiethanolamine. Therefore, workers in any study that noted exposure to N-nitrosodiethanolamine would also have been exposed to the diethanolamine from which the nitroso derivative was formed. In this review, only studies that included workers exposed to water-based (soluble, synthetic and semi-synthetic) metalworking fluids were included.
DIETHYL ADIPATE
Diethyl adipate is an organic solvent that can be used in organic synthesis, plasticizer, polymer and fragrance synthesis.
Diethyl adipate can also be used as a plasticizer in the development of ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE) based membranes for the pervaporation of water and toluene based blends.
When exposed to air, Diethyl adipate undergoes oxidation reactions catalyzed by chlorine or hydrochloric acid, producing nitrogen oxides and water vapor.

EC Number: 205-477-0
CAS Number: 141-28-6
Molecular Formula: C10H18O4
Molar Mass: 202.25 g/mol

Diethyl adipate is a clear colorless liquid product, mainly used as plasticizer or solvent.
Diethyl adipates ignificantly increase the elongation of the sheets and slightly increased the water vapor permeability.

Diethyl adipate is a fatty acid ester.
Diethyl adipate is generally utilized as a plasticizer.
Diethyl adipate appears as a Clear, colorless to yellow colored liquid with a molecular formula of C10H18O4.

Diethyl adipate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.
Diethyl adipate is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Diethyl adipate is a fatty acid ester.
Diethyl adipate can also be used as a plasticizer in the development of ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE) based membranes for the pervaporation of water and toluene based blends.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) gels in Diethyl adipate with fibrillar morphology is presented.
Gelation process obeys the three-dimensional percolation mechanism.
Combustion and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine is fueled with diesel-Diethyl adipate blends.

Diethyl adipate is a film-forming polymer that is used in the production of polyurethanes.
Diethyl adipate is produced by reacting diethyl ether with adipic acid, which creates a hydroxyl group on the molecule.

Diethyl adipate has been shown to be chemically stable and can be used as a surface methodology for the detection of fatty acids in human serum.
The film-forming properties of Diethyl adipate allow Diethyl adipate to be used as a coating agent for various surfaces such as paper, textiles, and plastics.

When exposed to air, Diethyl adipate undergoes oxidation reactions catalyzed by chlorine or hydrochloric acid, producing nitrogen oxides and water vapor.
Diethyl adipate has three different chemical structures: one with two hydroxyl groups (-OCH2-), one with one hydroxyl group (-OCH-) and one without hydroxyl groups (-O-).

Diethyl adipate is an organic solvent that can be used in organic synthesis, plasticizer, polymer and fragrance synthesis.
Diethyl adipate can also be used in the synthesis of hexanediol and oligoadipamide, which can be layered with perfluoropolyether networks for protective coating applications.

Diethyl adipate, a fatty ester, is processed from the esterification of adipic acid and ethanol.
Diethyl adipatecan be used as a plasticizer.

Diethyl adipate a fatty ester, is processed from the esterification of adipic acid and ethanol.
Diethyl adipate can be used as a plasticizer.

Diethyl adipate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is used as a solvent, food preservative, and as a plasticizer for plastics intended for direct contact with food and beverages.

Diethyl adipate can be used as a plasticizer for the formation of ethylcellulose based coating membranes which can be potentially used in drug delivery systems.
Diethyl adipate may also be used as a plasticizer during the fabrication of electronic artificial tongue sensors for analyzing the intensity of olive oils.

Applications of Diethyl adipate:
Diethyl adipate can be used in the synthesis of oligoadipamide, which can be layered with perfluoropolyether networks for protective coating applications.
Diethyl adipate can also be used as a plasticizer in the development of ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE) based membranes for the pervaporation of water and toluene based blends.

Poly(vinylidene flouride) (PVF2) gels in Diethyl adipate with fibrillar morphology is presented.

Gelation process obeys the three-dimensional percolation mechanism.
Combustion and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine is fueled with diesel-Diethyl adipate blends.

Uses of Diethyl adipate:
Diethyl adipate is an organic solvent that can be used in organic synthesis, plasticizer, polymer and fragrance synthesis.
Diethyl adipate can also be used in the synthesis of hexanediol and oligoadipamide, which can be layered with perfluoropolyether networks for protective coating applications.

Diethyl adipate is used as plasticizer and chemical intermediate.

Diethyl adipate is used in organic synthesis,can be hydrogenated into hexamelhylene glycol.
Diethyl adipate is also used in personal care chemical industry and food industry.

Diethyl adipate uses and applications include: Fragrance in cosmetics; flavor; plasticizer; solvent; reactant in manufacturing of polyester

Uses at industrial sites:
Diethyl adipate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Diethyl adipate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Diethyl adipate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Diethyl adipate is classified as:
Emollient
Masking
Skin conditioning

Properties of Diethyl adipate:
Diethyl adipate is colourless, transparent liquid,b.p.246℃,m.p.-19.8℃,refractive index 1.427(20℃.
Diethyl adipate is soluble in many organic solvents as ethanol,soluble in water.

Functions of Diethyl adipate:

Emollient:
Softens and smoothes the skin

Masking:
Reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of Diethyl adipate

Skin conditioning:
Keeps the skin in good condition

Manufacture of Diethyl adipate:
Release to the environment of Diethyl adipate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of Diethyl adipate.
Diethyl adipate, when heated with sodium ethoxide, gives Diethyl adipate shown, by an intramolecular Claisen condensation.

Structure of Diethyl adipate:
A chemical structure of a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together.
The Diethyl adipate molecule contains a total of 31 bond(s).
There are 13 non-H bond(s), 2 multiple bond(s), 9 rotatable bond(s), 2 double bond(s), and 2 ester(s) (aliphatic).

The carbon atoms in the chemical structure of Diethyl adipate are implied to be located at the corner(s) and hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are not indicated – each carbon atom is considered to be associated with enough hydrogen atoms to provide the carbon atom with four bonds.

The 3D chemical structure image of Diethyl adipate is based on the ball-and-stick model which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them.
The radius of the spheres is therefore smaller than the rod lengths in order to provide a clearer view of the atoms and bonds throughout the chemical structure model of It.

Handling and storage of Diethyl adipate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.

Storage:
Suggested storage of Diethyl adipate: Store in cool, dry place; keep tightly closed

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and reactivity of Diethyl adipate:

Reactivity:
No data available

Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Diethyl adipate:

General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.

In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.

If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures of Diethyl adipate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Special hazards arising from Diethyl adipate:
Carbon oxides

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Accidental release measures of Diethyl adipate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Disposal Methods:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Identifiers of Diethyl adipate:
CAS No: 141-28-6
Molecular Weight: 202.25
Boiling point: 251 C
Melting point: (-20)-(-19)C
Density: 0
Description: Clear, colorless to yellow colored liquid
Solubility: Miscible with Dichlorometane
Specific gravity(at 25C): 1.006-1.010
Moisture content (by KF): NMT 0.50%
Purity by GC(area%): NLT 98.00%
Molecular Formula: C10H18O4

CAS number: 141-28-6
EC number: 205-477-0
Hill Formula: C₁₀H₁₈O₄
Chemical formula: C₂H₅OOC(CH₂)₄COOC₂H₅
Molar Mass: 202.25 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 12 00

Synonym(s): Hexanedioic acid 1,6-diethyl ester, NSC 19160, NSC 3363
Linear Formula: C2H5OCO(CH2)4COOC2H5
CAS Number: 141-28-6
Molecular Weight: 202.25
Beilstein: 1780035
EC Number: 205-477-0
MDL number: MFCD00009215
PubChem Substance ID: 24854754
NACRES: NA.23

CAS Number: 141-28-6
EINECS/ELINCS No: 205-477-0
COSING REF No: 55839
Chem/IUPAC Name: Diethyl hexanedioate

Properties of Diethyl adipate:
Boiling point: 251 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.01 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 113 °C
Melting Point: -19.8 °C
Solubility:
Quality Level: 200
product line: ReagentPlus®
Assay: 99%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.427 (lit.)
bp: 251 °C (lit.)
mp: −20-−19 °C (lit.)
density: 1.009 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC
InChI: 1S/C10H18O4/c1-3-13-9(11)7-5-6-8-10(12)14-4-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3
InChI key: VIZORQUEIQEFRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 202.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Exact Mass: 202.12050905 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 202.12050905 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Complexity: 157
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Diethyl adipate:
Name: Diethyl adipate, 98%
Category: Fine chemicals
Brand: Avra Synthesis
Pack size: 25gm
Catalog number: ASD3035.25gm

Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.007 - 1.009
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -18.0°C
Color: Colorless
Density: 1.0000g/mL
Boiling Point: 132.0°C (15.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: >110°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Packaging: Glass bottle
Linear Formula: CH3CH2OCO(CH2)4COOCH3CH2
Refractive Index: 1.4260 to 1.4280
Quantity: 100 g
Beilstein: 02, 652
Specific Gravity: 1
Formula Weight: 202.25
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Diethyl adipate

Other Descriptions of Diethyl adipate:

Use and Manufacturing:
Plasticizer

Chemical Properties:
CLEAR COLORLESS LIQUID

Production Methods:
Diethyl adipate is manufactured by esterifying adipic acid with ethanol.

Related Products
2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene
Dimethyl N-Cyanodithioiminocarbonate
(E)-1-(2,6-Dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-one Oxime
2,2-Dimethyl Cyclopentanamine
N,N-Dimethyldecylamine

Names of Diethyl adipate:

IUPAC Names:
1,6-diethyl hexanedioate
Adipic acid, diethylester
diethyl adipate
DIETHYL ADIPATE
Diethyl hexanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, diethyl ester

Synonyms of Diethyl adipate:
DIETHYL ADIPATE
141-28-6
Diethyl hexanedioate
Ethyl adipate
Hexanedioic acid, diethyl ester
Adipic acid, diethyl ester
1,6-Diethyl hexanedioat
ADIPIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER
Hexanedioic acid, diethyl-
Diethylhexanedioic acid
Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-diethyl ester
Diethylester kyseliny adipove
NSC 19160
hexanedioic acid diethyl ester
UNII-7B19K45L6C
Ethyl .delta.-carboethoxyvalerate
7B19K45L6C
MFCD0000921
68201-71-8
Diethyl adipate, 99%
diethyl hexane-1,6-dioate
WLN: 2OV4VO2
Ethyldelta-Carboethoxyvalerate
Ethyl delta-carboethoxyvalerate
HSDB 5413
EINECS 205-477-0
Diethylester kyseliny adipove [Czech]
BRN 1780035
diethyladipate
AI3-00342
Adipic acid diethyl
ACMC-209cl
SCHEMBL50610
BIDD:ER0365
Diethyl adipate, >=99%, FG
Diethyl adipate, analytical standard
Diethyl adipate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Diethyl adipate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
1,6-Diethyl hexanedioate
Diethyl adipatate
Diethyl1,6-hexanedioate
Diethylester kyseliny adipove
diethylesterkyselinyadipove
Ethyl delta-carboethoxyvalerate
Diethyl adipate, 99% 100GR
DIETHYL ADIPATE FOR SYNTHESIS
Hexanedioic acid 1,6-diethyl ester
NSC 19160
NSC 3363
Diethyl adipate Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Diethyleadipate
Diethyl adipate ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Diethyl adipate, AR,99.5%
ethyldelta-carboethoxyvalerate
ETHYL ADIPATE
ETHYL ADIPATE (DI)
DIETHYL ADIPATE
DIETHYL HEXANEDIOATE
hexanedioic acid diethyl ester
ADIPIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER
DIETHYL ADIPATE, STANDARD FOR GC
Diethyl Adipate-13C6
DIETHYLADIPATE(HEXANEDIOICACIDDIETHYLESTER)
Butane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
Hexanedioic acid diethyl
Diethyl adipate,99%
Diethyl adipate, 99%, for synthesis
Diethyl Adipate >
Diethyl adipate,ethyl adipate
DIETHYL ADIPATE 141-28-6
DIETHYL ADIPATE
141-28-6
Diethyl hexanedioate
Ethyl adipate
Hexanedioic acid, diethyl ester
1,6-Diethyl hexanedioate
Adipic acid, diethyl ester
ADIPIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER
Hexanedioic acid, diethyl-
Diethylhexanedioic acid
Diethylester kyseliny adipove
NSC 19160
hexanedioic acid diethyl ester
Ethyl delta-carboethoxyvalerate
HSDB 5413
EINECS 205-477-0
Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-diethyl ester
Diethylester kyseliny adipove [Czech]
BRN 1780035
UNII-7B19K45L6C
AI3-00342
Ethyl .delta.-carboethoxyvalerate
7B19K45L6C
NSC-19160
68201-71-8
WLN: 2OV4VO2
68989-28-6
diethyladipate
Adipic acid diethyl
DUB DEA
SCHEMBL50610
BIDD:ER0365
DIETHYL ADIPATE [HSDB]
DIETHYL ADIPATE [INCI]
Diethyl adipate, >=99%, FG
DTXSID2021999
CHEBI:34697
NSC3363
AMY11024
NSC-3363
NSC19160
Diethyl adipate, analytical standard
MFCD00009215
AKOS009031409
DS-5105
Diethyl adipate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
A0162
FT-0621916
EN300-19693
Diethyl adipate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
A807746
J-007477
Q27116229
F1905-6995
Z104474764
DIETHYL AMINE 
DIETHYL CARBONATE, N° CAS : 105-58-8, Nom INCI : DIETHYL CARBONATE, Nom chimique : Carbonic acid, diethyl ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-311-1
DIETHYL CARBITOL (DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER)
DESCRIPTION:
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is a clear colorless viscous liquid.
1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane is a polyether that consists of undecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 3, 6 and 9 are replaced by oxygen atoms.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is a glycol ether used as a solvent in the production of paints, varnishes, and other coatings.

CAS Number: 112-36-7
EC Number: 203-963-7
IUPAC name: 1-Ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane


Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) has been shown to be chemically stable and non-toxic when used at low concentrations.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) can also be used as an alternative solvent for x-ray crystallography experiments because it produces high quality crystals of proteins, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds.
The hydroxyl group on its structure makes Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) an excellent substrate for film formation.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is also able to bind to receptors in autoimmune diseases, which may be due to its structural similarity to the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is used as a solvent for reactions performed at higher temperatures.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is involved in the preparation of nitrocellulose, resins and adhesives.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is utilized as a scrubbing medium to absorb carbonyl sulfide (COS), an impurity in petroleum refineries.

Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether), is a product of Ethylene Oxide and Ethanol.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is chemically known as a Ethyl Diglycol, 2-hydroxy-2-ethoxy-diethyl ether.
Commercially it is known as a Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether).

APPLICATIONS OF DIETHYL CARBITOL :
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is used as a solvent for reactions performed at higher temperatures.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is involved in the preparation of nitrocellulose, resins and adhesives.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is utilized as a scrubbing medium to absorb carbonyl sulfide (COS), an impurity in petroleum refineries.

Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is a very useful organic solvent.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) has a high boiling point and has been used to study the activities of enzymes in aqueous organic mixtures.

Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) has low setting point and low viscocity at low temperature so it is used in manufacturing Brake Fluid.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is used as a flow and gloss promoter in paint industries.
The extendability of solution has also increased.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is used in production of printing ink and as a cleaner in offset printing.

Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is used in textile as a solvent for dyestuff in the printing and dying of fiber & fabrics.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) prevents the gel formation in liquid detergent and cleaner formulation.

Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is also used a solubilizer in drilling and cutting coolants.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is used in the production & formulation of pesticides & wood preservaties.

Due to its low volatility property Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is used in Indian & ink ball point pastes.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is also used in cosmetic & perfumary industry as a solvent.
Diethyl carbitol (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) does not attack rubber.










SOLUBILITY OF DIETHYL CARBITOL (DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER):
Miscible with hydrocarbons, ethanol, ethyl ether and organic solvents.
Immiscible with water.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIETHYL CARBITOL (DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER):
Chemical formula: C8H18O3
Molar mass: 162.22 g/mol
CAS number 112-36-7
EC number 203-963-7
Hill Formula C₈H₁₈O₃
Chemical formula (C₂H₅OCH₂CH₂)₂O
Molar Mass 162.23 g/mol
HS Code 2909 19 90
Boiling point 189 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.91 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 67 °C
Ignition temperature 174 °C
Melting Point -44 °C
Vapor pressure 0.7 hPa (20 °C)
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 98.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 0.906 - 0.908
Peroxide (as H₂O₂) ≤ 0.005 %
Identity (IR) passes test
Storage Store below +30°C.
Molecular Weight 162.23
XLogP3 0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3
Rotatable Bond Count 8
Exact Mass 162.125594432
Monoisotopic Mass 162.125594432
Topological Polar Surface Area 27.7 Ų
Heavy Atom Count 11
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 58.4
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Melting Point -44°C
Density 0.909
Boiling Point 188°C to 190°C
Flash Point 71°C (160°F)
Odor Weak
Linear Formula (CH3CH2OCH2CH2)2O
Refractive Index 1.412
Quantity 500 mL
Beilstein 1699259
Merck Index 14,3118
Solubility Information Miscible with hydrocarbons,ethanol,ethyl ether and organic solvents. Immiscible with water.
Formula Weight 162.23
Percent Purity 99%
Chemical Name or Material Diethylene glycol diethyl ether
Water Solubility 11.4 mg/mL
logP 0.64
logP 0.74
logS -1.2
pKa (Strongest Basic) -3.7
Physiological Charge 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3
Hydrogen Donor Count 0
Polar Surface Area 27.69 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count 8
Refractivity 44.6 m3•mol-1
Polarizability 19.75 Å3
Number of Rings 0
Bioavailability 1
Rule of Five Yes
Ghose Filter Yes
Veber's Rule Yes
MDDR-like Rule No

Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.90700 to 0.91200 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.556 to 7.598
Refractive Index: 1.41000 to 1.41400 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -45.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 188.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 190.00 to 191.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.521000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 160.00 °F. TCC ( 71.11 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.390
Soluble in:
alcohol
water, 1.00E+06mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Identity (IR) complying
Assay (GC) Min. 99.0 %
Water (Karl Fischer) Max. 0.05 %
Absorbance at 400 nm Max. 0.01
Absorbance at 350 nm Max. 0.01
Absorbance at 320 nm Max. 0.04
Absorbance at 300 nm Max. 0.10
Absorbance at 260 nm Max. 1.0
Vapor Density 5.6 (vs air)





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIETHYL CARBITOL (DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.





SYNONYMS OF DIETHYL CARBITOL (DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER)
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER
112-36-7
2-Ethoxyethyl ether
1-Ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane
Diethyl carbitol
Ethyl diglyme
Diethyldiethylene glycol
Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether
Ether, bis(2-ethoxyethyl)
3,6,9-Trioxaundecane
DEGDEE
diethyleneglycoldiethylether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-ethoxy-
Ethyldiglyme
2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)-1-ethoxyethane
Diethylether diethylenglykolu
1-Ethoxy-2-(beta-ethoxyethoxy)ethane
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, diethyl ether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-ethoxy-
diethyleneglycol diethyl ether
DTXSID3025047
CHEBI:44664
ZH086O935Z
MFCD00009254
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, diethyl ether; Ethyldiglyme; Hisolve EDE
HSDB 68
P4G
Glycol, diethylene-, diethyl ether
EINECS 203-963-7
Diethylether diethylenglykolu [Czech]
BRN 1699259
diethoxydiglycol
UNII-ZH086O935Z
AI3-19428
ethoxyethyl ether
HISOLVE EDE
(1-ethoxy)-ethyl ether
EC 203-963-7
diethyleneglycol diethylether
1,5-diethoxy-3-oxapentane
SCHEMBL16596
Diethylene glycol diethylether
diethylene glycol-diethyl ether
DIETHOXYDIGLYCOL [INCI]
1,1'-oxybis(2-ethoxy)ethane
1,1'-oxybis(2-ethoxyethane)
DTXCID505047
CHEMBL1235106
Diethyl ene glycol diethyl ether
Diethylene glycol, diethyl ether
ZINC2041052
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-ethoxy-]
Tox21_302050
1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxyl)ethane
1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-ethane
AKOS015915322
1-Ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane #
DB08357
1-Ethoxy-2-(.beta.-ethoxyethoxy)ethane
NCGC00164135-01
NCGC00255128-01
CAS-112-36-7
B0489
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER [MI]
Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, HPLC Grade
FT-0624903
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER [HSDB]
A802561
Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, for HPLC, >=99%
J-509308
Q5275148
Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, reagent grade, >=98%
F8881-4182
2-Ethoxyethyl ether, Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether, Diethyldiglycol
Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98+ %



DIETHYL MONOSULFATE
Diethyl monosulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula CAS number 64-67-5.
Diethyl monosulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and textile chemicals, and as a finishing agent in textile production.
Diethyl monosulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.

CAS Number: 64-67-5
EC Number: 200-589-6
Chemical formula: C4H10O4S
Molar mass: 154.18 g·mol−1

Synonyms: Diethyl sulfate, 64-67-5, Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester, Diethyl sulphate, DIETHYLSULFATE, Diaethylsulfat, Sulfuric acid diethyl ester, UNII-K0FO4VFA7I, Diethylester kyseliny sirove, NSC 56380, K0FO4VFA7I, CHEBI:34699, MFCD00009099, DSSTox_CID_4045, DSSTox_RID_77265, DSSTox_GSID_24045, Diethyl tetraoxosulfate, Diaethylsulfat, DES (VAN), CAS-64-67-5, CCRIS 242, HSDB 1636, Diethylester kyseliny sirove, EINECS 200-589-6, UN1594, diethylsulphate, diethyl-sulphate, AI3-15355, diethylsulfuric acid, EtOSO3Et, Diethyl sulfate, 98%, EC 200-589-6, SCHEMBL1769, WLN: 2OSWO2, Sulphuric acid diethyl ester, BIDD:ER0594, CHEMBL163100, DTXSID1024045, BCP25766, NSC56380, ZINC1686883, Tox21_202402, Tox21_300169, NSC-56380, STL268863, AKOS009157686, MCULE-1621267036, UN 1594, Diethyl sulfate, NCGC00164138-01, NCGC00164138-02, NCGC00164138-03, NCGC00253940-01, NCGC00259951-01, M292, D0525, FT-0624858, Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester;Diethyl sulphate, Q421338, J-520306, F0001-1737, DES, Diaethylsulfat, diethyl sulphate, diethyl tetraoxosulfate, diethylsulfate, Et2SO4, ethyl sulfate, sulfuric acid diethyl ester, sulphuric acid diethyl ester, 200-589-6, 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, compound with diethyl sulfate, 64-67-5, Diaethylsulfat, DIETHYL MONOSULFATE, Diethyl sulfate, Diethylester kyseliny sirove, Diethylsulfat, MFCD00009099, Sulfate de diéthyle, Sulfuric acid diethyl ester, Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester, [64-67-5], 2OSWO2, DES (VAN), Diaethylsulfat, DIETHYL SULPHATE, DIETHYL TETRAOXOSULFATE, diethylsulfate, ethyl ethoxysulfonate, Sulfuric acid diethyl ester, Ethyl sulfate, Sulphuric acid diethyl ester, SULPHURIC ACIDDIETHYL ESTER, UN 1594

Diethyl monosulfate is a highly toxic, combustible, and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with the formula (C2H5)2SO4.
Diethyl monosulfate occurs as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odor and is corrosive to tissue and metals.

Diethyl monosulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Diethyl monosulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles.

Diethyl monosulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula CAS number 64-67-5.
Diethyl monosulfate occurs as a colorless viscous liquid with a peppermint odor.

Diethyl monosulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.

Diethyl monosulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and textile chemicals, and as a finishing agent in textile production.
Diethyl monosulfate is anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

A nested case control study of 17 benign brain tumours in workers at a petrochemical plant found the risk of brain cancer to be associated with exposure to Diethyl monosulfate.
Diethyl monosulfate is reported to cause tumours both locally and systemically

Evidence in animals and humans suggest that carcinogenicity may be due to a mutagenic mode of action.
However, insufficient data exists to recommend a suitable TWA.

Diethyl monosulfate is a highly toxic, combustible, and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with the formula (C2H5)2SO4.
Diethyl monosulfate occurs as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odor and is corrosive to tissue and metals.

Diethyl monosulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Diethyl monosulfate is also used as a potent ethylating agent.
Diethyl monosulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles.

Diethyl monosulfate, also known as DES, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sulfuric acid diesters.
These are organic compounds containing the sulfuric acid diester functional group with the generic structure ROS(OR')(=O)=O, (R,R'=organyl group).

Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Diethyl monosulfate.
Diethyl monosulfate has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).

Diethyl monosulfate is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or Diethyl monosulfate derivatives.
Technically Diethyl monosulfate is part of the human exposome.

The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.
An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.

Diethyl monosulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 tonnes per annum.
Diethyl monosulfate is used at industrial sites.

Diethyl monosulfate is a colorless, corrosive, oily liquid that darkens with age and has a faint peppermint odor.
Diethyl monosulfate is mainly used as an ethylating agent in organic synthesis and in the dye and textile manufacturing.

Exposure to this substance results in severe irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Diethyl monosulfate is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and may be associated with developing laryngeal cancer.

Diethyl monosulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate.
No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of Diethyl monosulfate in humans.

In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of Diethyl monosulfate.
In one study, rats orally exposed to Diethyl monosulfate developed tumors in the forestomach.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified Diethyl monosulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen.
Diethyl monosulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula (C2H5)2SO4.

Diethyl monosulfate occurs as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odor and is corrosive.
Diethyl monosulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Diethyl monosulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles

Diethyl monosulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula (C2H5)2SO4.
Diethyl monosulfate occurs as a colourless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odour and is corrosive.
Diethyl sulphate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.

Diethyl monosulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles.
Diethyl monosulfate can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol.

Diethyl monosulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and thus is genotoxic.

Diethyl monosulfate is a colorless liquid with formula (C2H5)2SO4.
Diethyl monosulfate has a peppermint odor with a melting point of about -25 ℃ and boiling point of 209.5 ℃ where Diethyl monosulfate decomposes.
When heated or mixed with hot water, irritant fumes is released.

Diethyl monosulfate does not dissolve in water, but is miscible with alcohol, ether and most polar organic solvents.
Diethyl monosulfate exists in the atmosphere in the gas phase.

Diethyl monosulfate will react with hydroxyl radical and has a short lifetime in the atmosphere where Diethyl monosulfate will decompose into ethyl sulfate hydrogen sulfate and ethanol.
Upon heating or mixing with hot water, Diethyl monosulfate will decompose into ethyl hydrogen sulfate and alcohol.

Diethyl monosulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate.
In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of Diethyl monosulfate.

Diethyl monosulfate is a substance classified to the group of carcinogens.
The value of maximum admissible concentration for this substance in workplace air is not specified in Poland.

Due to the use of Diethyl monosulfate in domestic companies there is a need to develop a sensitive method for the determination of Diethyl monosulfate in the work environment.
Studies were performed using gas chromatography (GC) technique.

An Agilent Technologies chromatograph, series 7890A, with a mass selective detector was used in the experiment.
Separation was performed on a capillary column with Rtx-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm).

The possibility of using sorbent tubes filled with activated carbon (100 mg/50 mg), silica gel (100 mg/50 mg) and Porapak Q (150 mg/75 mg) for absorption of diethyl sulphate was investigated.
The method of sampling air containing Diethyl monosulfate was developed.

Among the sorbents to absorb Diethyl monosulfate Porapak Q was chosen.
Determination of the adsorbed vapor includes desorption of Diethyl monosulfate, using dichloromethane/methanol mixture (95:5, v/v) and chromatographic analysis of so obtained solution.

Method is linear (r = 0.999) within the investigated working range of 0.27- -5.42 µg/ml, which is an equivalent to air concentrations 0.0075-0.15 mg/m3 for a 36 l air sample.
The analytical method described in this paper allows for selective determination of Diethyl monosulfate in the workplace air in the presence of dimethyl sulfate, ethanol, dichloromethane, triethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, and triethylenetetramine.

The invention provides a method used for preparing Diethyl monosulfate.
According to the method, a mixed solution containing ethyl hydrogen sulfate and/or Diethyl monosulfate is delivered through reaction distillation surface at a certain temperature, and at the same time, reduced pressure distillation is carried out, so that Diethyl monosulfate in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is separated rapidly, waste sulfuric acid in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is collected in a waste liquid collector, and ethanol is collected in a tail gas collector.
Recycling of waste sulfuric acid and collected ethanol can be realized; the method is low in cost; and no waste acid is discharged.

Optimization of the method for the determination of Diethyl monosulfate at workplaces
Diethyl monosulfate is a substance classified to the group of carcinogens.

The value of maximum admissible concentration for this substance in workplace air is not specified in Poland.
Due to the use of Diethyl monosulfate in domestic companies there is a need to develop a sensitive method for the determination of Diethyl monosulfate in the work environment.

Studies were performed using gas chromatography (GC) technique.
An Agilent Technologies chromatograph, series 7890A, with a mass selective detector was used in the experiment.

Separation was performed on a capillary column with Rtx-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm).
The possibility of using sorbent tubes filled with activated carbon (100 mg/50 mg), silica gel (100 mg/50 mg) and Porapak Q (150 mg/75 mg) for absorption of diethyl sulphate was investigated.

The method of sampling air containing Diethyl monosulfate was developed.
Among the sorbents to absorb Diethyl monosulfate Porapak Q was chosen.

Determination of the adsorbed vapor includes desorption of Diethyl monosulfate, using dichloromethane/methanol mixture (95:5, v/v) and chromatographic analysis of so obtained solution.
Method is linear (r = 0.999) within the investigated working range of 0.27- -5.42 μg/ml, which is an equivalent to air concentrations 0.0075-0.15 mg/m3 for a 36 l air sample.

The analytical method described in this paper allows for selective determination of Diethyl monosulfate in the workplace air in the presence of dimethyl sulfate, ethanol, dichloromethane, triethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, and triethylenetetramine.

Diethyl monosulfate Market: Introduction
Diethyl monosulfate is also known as Diethyl sulfate and sulfuric acid diethyl ester.
Diethyl monosulfate is colorless liquid with faint peppermint odor.
Diethyl monosulfate is an industrial solvent, which is highly carcinogenic.

Diethyl monosulfate is considered a highly toxic chemical compound.
Diethyl monosulfate possesses highly corrosive properties for metals.

Diethyl monosulfate is a strong alkylating agent.
Diethyl monosulfate is primarily employed in the formation of ethyl derivatives such as amine, thiols, phenols, and other derivatives.

Diethyl monosulfate is widely used in chemical formulation as a chemical intermediate compound.
Diethyl monosulfate has industrial applications in dyes, textiles, and coating manufacturing.
Key applications of Diethyl monosulfate include personal care products, pharmaceuticals, detergents, flavors, and fragrances.

Increase in demand for chemical intermediates in the production of hair dyes, textile dyes, and other pigments is anticipated to fuel the demand for Diethyl monosulfate during the forecast period.
Growth in the pharmaceutical industry, owing to the rise in demand for generic drugs and medicines, is projected to boost the demand for chemical intermediates such as Diethyl monosulfate in the next few years.

Diethyl monosulfate is highly toxic.
Exposure to Diethyl monosulfate may cause eye irritation, skin rashes, and breathing problems.
This is a key factors estimated to hamper the global Diethyl monosulfate market in the next few years.

Diethyl monosulfate Market: Segmentation
In terms of application, the global Diethyl monosulfate market can be divided into alkylating agent, chemical intermediates, and others.
The alkylating agent segment is projected to hold major share of the global Diethyl monosulfate market during the forecast period.

Diethyl monosulfate is majorly used in the synthesis of amines, thiols, and phenol derivatives in various applications.
This is likely to propel the demand for Diethyl monosulfate in the next few years.

Based on end-user industry, the Diethyl monosulfate market can be segmented into dyes and textiles, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and personal care.
The dyes and textiles segment is projected to constitute key share of the market in the near future.

Diethyl monosulfate is used in the synthesis of textile dyes in several countries.
This is likely to fuel the demand for Diethyl monosulfate in the near future.

Diethyl monosulfate Market: Region-wise Outlook
Based on region, the global Diethyl monosulfate market can be split into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa.
North America and Europe are expected to constitute major share, after Asia Pacific, during the forecast period.
The U.S., Germany, and France have strong presence of major dye manufacturing companies that use Diethyl monosulfate.

In terms of volume, Asia Pacific is anticipated to hold leading share of the market during the forecast period.
Strong presence of chemical companies with well-established distribution network spread across the globe is driving the Diethyl monosulfate market in the region.

The Diethyl monosulfate market in Latin America and Middle East & Africa is likely to expand at a sluggish pace in the next few years.
Increase in rapid industrialization in Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa is anticipated to boost the Diethyl monosulfate market in these countries during the forecast period.

Uses of Diethyl monosulfate:
Diethyl sulphate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Diethyl monosulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles.

Diethyl monosulfate can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol.
Diethyl monosulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and thus is genotoxic.

Diethyl monosulfate is used chiefly as an ethylating agent in organic synthesis.
The principal uses are as an intermediate in dye manufacture, as an ethylating agent in pigment production, as a finishing agent in textile manufacture and as a dye-set agent in carbonless paper.
Smaller applications are in agricultural chemicals, in household products, in the pharmaceutical and cosme tic industries, as a laboratory reagent, as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in sorne sulfonation processes

Diethyl monosulfate can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of:
Biologically active compounds such as bispyrazole, pyrazolopyrimidine and pyridine containing antipyrinyl moieties.

N-substituted-2-styryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones.
Ionic liquids with pyrrolidinium, piperidinium and morpholinium cations, having potential applications as electrolytes.

The primary use of Diethyl monosulfate is as a chemical intermediate (ethylating agent) in synthesis of ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; and in some sulfonation processes.
Diethyl monosulfate is used to manufacture dyes, pigments, carbonless paper, and textiles.

Diethyl monosulfate is an intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the preparation of synthetic ethanol from ethylene.
Smaller quantities are used in household products, cosmetics, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and laboratory reagents.
In 1966, Diethyl monosulfate was used as a mutagen to create the Luther variety of barley.

Diethyl monosulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent, and also as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in some sulfonations.
Diethyl monosulfate is also a chemical intermediate for ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols, and as an alkylating agent.

Diethyl monosulfate is used mainly to make dyes; Also used as an ethylating agent (pigment production), a finishing agent (textile manufacturing), a dye-set agent (carbonless paper), and an accelerator (sulfation of ethylene); Also used in agricultural chemicals, household products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

As an ethylating agent; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; intermediate in the production by one method of ethyl alcohol from ethylene and sulfuric acid

The principal uses are as an intermediate in dye manufacture, as an ethylating agent in pigment production, as a finishing agent in textile manufacture and as a dye-set agent in carbonless paper.
Smaller applications are in agricultural chemicals, in household products, in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as a laboratory reagent, as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in some sulfonation processes.

Chemical intermediate for ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols and as an alkylating agent.
Chiefly as an ethylating agent; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; in some sulfonations.

Industry Uses of Diethyl monosulfate:
Finishing agents,
Intermediates,
Processing aids, not otherwise listed,
Surface active agents.

Consumer Uses of Diethyl monosulfate:
Cleaning and furnishing care products,
Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere,
Paper products.

Manufacturing process of Diethyl monosulfate:
Diethyl monosulfate is produced from ethylene and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Ethylene gas is bubbled through a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Diethyl monosulfate can also be produced by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid into a solution of ethyl alcohol or ethyl ether.

Methods of Manufacturing of Diethyl monosulfate:
Prepared from ethanol + sulfuric acid; by absorption of ethylene in sulfuric acid; from diethyl ether and fuming sulfuric acid.

General Manufacturing Information of Diethyl monosulfate:

Industry Processing Sectors of Diethyl monosulfate:
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing,
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities,
Paper manufacturing,
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing,
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing.

Could be used as a mutagenic agent to produce a new variety of barley called Luther; however, no evidence was found that Diethyl monosulfate is presently being used commercially for this purpose.

Method used for preparing Diethyl monosulfate:
The invention provides a method used for preparing Diethyl monosulfate.
According to the method, a mixed solution containing ethyl hydrogen sulfate and/or Diethyl monosulfate is delivered through reaction distillation surface at a certain temperature, and at the same time, reduced pressure distillation is carried out, so that Diethyl monosulfate in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is separated rapidly, waste sulfuric acid in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is collected in a waste liquid collector, and ethanol is collected in a tail gas collector.
Recycling of waste sulfuric acid and collected ethanol can be realized; the method is low in cost; and no waste acid is discharged.

Ethyl sulfate is a kind of important ethylating agent, is also the important intermediate of the industry such as organic chemical industry, agricultural chemicals, medicine.
Because boiling point is high, carrying out ethylation reaction does not need high pressure, and therefore Diethyl monosulfate can as a kind of desirable ethylating agent.
Prepare ethyl sulfate and have multiple method, be summed up several as follows: sulfuryl chloride-Ethanol Method, chlorsulfonic acid-Ethanol Method, ether-sulphate method, sulfuryl chloride-ethanol-sodium-chlor method, sulfuryl chloride-thionyl chloride-Ethanol Method, sulfuric acid-ethylene process, sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method.

In most cases all need in aforesaid method with underpressure distillation operation, ethyl sulfate to be distilled, and the remainder after distillation contains sulfuric acid.
The roughly similar process of sulfuric acid-ethylene process and sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method, carries out all in two steps.

For sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method, the first step is by sulfuric acid and ethanol mixing, because the reaction of sulfuric acid and ethanol is a reversible reaction, main containing resultant vinic acid in the mixture obtained, water, unreacted sulfuric acid and unreacted ethanol, generally the content of vinic acid is generally in the scope of 20-60%; Second step is by the underpressure distillation at 120-180 DEG C of this mixture, and in this process, vinic acid reacts and generates product ethyl sulfate, is depressurized simultaneously and distills.
In this process, if ethyl sulfate can not be distilled out in time, the transformation efficiency that vinic acid is converted into ethyl sulfate will reduce, simultaneously because sulfuric acid produces many side reactions at oxidation at high temperatures very good general.

For sulfuric acid-ethylene process, the first step is that ethene passes in sulfuric acid in certain temperature, main containing ethyl sulfate in the mixture obtained by this process, vinic acid and sulfuric acid, according to document (Zhang Yue edits.
The diagram of fine-chemical intermediate preparation flow, Chemical Industry Press, 1999, pp372 ~ 374), in mixture, content is about the ethyl sulfate of 43%, the vinic acid of 45%, the sulfuric acid of 12%; Second step is similar with sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method, is also underpressure distillation at 120-180 DEG C.No matter describe from said process, be sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method, or sulfuric acid-ethylene process all needs the mixture of the compounds such as sulfur acid hydrogen ethyl ester, sulfuric acid react under heating and distill out product ethyl sulfate.
Meanwhile, after distilling out ethyl sulfate, remaining part is mainly containing sulfuric acid.

The method of current bibliographical information adopts still distillation, and in the preparation of ethyl sulfate, this distillation efficiency is low, product ethyl sulfate can not be distilled in time.
In this case, due to too many containing pre-reaction liquid such as sulfuric acid in still, along with ethyl sulfate is distilled out, remaining ethyl sulfate is fewer and feweri, product ethyl sulfate is difficult to evaporate from a large amount of sulfuric acid, so just has many products and remains at the bottom of still and can not be distilled out; Again due to sulfuric acid at high temperature have strong oxygenizement, make this step react in still-process, produce a lot of side reaction, thus the yield of product is low.
Preparation cost is high, and the spent acid produced is many.

According to the literature, the ethyl sulfate that still distillation method often prepares a ton approximately produces the spent acid sulfuric acid of 2 tons.
Owing to being heated for a long time in still, containing many carbonization materials in the Waste Sulfuric Acid of gained, make this Waste Sulfuric Acid be the brown shape of thickness, the value of recycling is very low, generally can only abandon as refuse, will cause very large pollution like this.
So up to the present, domestic also do not have one can prepare ethyl sulfate to mass-producing.

Preparation of Diethyl monosulfate:
Diethyl monosulfate can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol and is purified using rectification in vacuo.
This can be done on a large enough scale for commercial production.
Diethyl monosulfate can then be purchased as a technical product or for use in a laboratory setting with 99.5% purity or 95% to 98% purity respectively.

Pharmacological Classification of Diethyl monosulfate:

Alkylating Agents of Diethyl monosulfate:
Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning.
Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions.
They have also been used as components in poison gases.

Mutagens of Diethyl monosulfate:
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids.
A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

Application of Diethyl monosulfate:
Commercial manufacture of Diethyl monosulfate starts with ethylene and 96 wt% sulfuric acid heated at 60°C.
The resulting mixture of 43 wt% Diethyl monosulfate, 45 wt% ethyl hydrogen sulfate and 12 wt% sulfuric acid is heated with anhydrous sodium sulfate under vacuum, and Diethyl monosulfate is obtained in 86% yield; the commercial product is ~ 99% pure.
Dilution of the ethylene-sulfuric acid concentrate with water and extraction gives a 35% yield.

ln the reaction of ethylene with sulfuric acid, losses can occur due to several side reactions, incIuding oxidation, hydrolysis-dehydration and polymerization, especially at sulfuric acid concentrations ~ 98 wt%.
Diethyl monosulfate is believed to be produced commercially by two companies, one in the
USA and one in Japan.

Annual US production is estimated at 5000 tonnes.
Diethyl monosulfate is an intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the production of ethanol involving ethylene and sulfuric acid.
The reaction of ethylene with sulfurIc acid is complex, and water plays a major role in determining the concentrations of the intermediate alkyl sulfates.

In Canada, Diethyl monosulfate is mainly used to make other chemicals which are then used in the manufacturing of softeners used to increase absorbency of tissue paper.
Diethyl sulphate may also be used to make products used in the manufacturing of a variety of other substances and products, including dyes, fragrances, and quaternary ammonium salts used as surfactants or flocculants in water treatment.

Diethyl monosulfate may also be used as an ethylating agent in the manufacture of commercial products such as sanitizers and organoclays.
Based on the most recent data available, Diethyl monosulfate is not manufactured in Canada, but is imported into Canada.

The silkworms of NB4D2 variety were treated with chemical mutagen Diethyl sulphate.
Thelarvae were subjected to two methods of treatments i.e., oral administration of the chemical mutagen and by injectionof 8mM and 10mM concentrations of chemical mutagen through body wall.
The lethal effect of the mutagen wasstudied in the subsequent generation.

The effect was drastic on structure & morphology of the meiotic chromosomes.
Many structural, physiological and numerical aberrations were observed and documented.
Certain numerical changessuch as induction of polyploids were attributed to the improvements observed in the expression of commercialcharacters in the silkworm

Diethyl monosulfate can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of:
Biologically active compounds such as bispyrazole, pyrazolopyrimidine and pyridine containing antipyrinyl moieties.

N-substituted-2-styryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones.
Ionic liquids with pyrrolidinium, piperidinium and morpholinium cations, having potential applications as electrolytes.

Diethyl monosulfate can also be used as an alkylating agent to synthesize 1-alkyl/aralkyl-2-(1-arylsufonylalkyl)benzimidazoles and an ionic liquid ethylmethylimidazole ethylsulfate.

Properties of Diethyl monosulfate:
Diethyl monosulfate is moisture sensitive liquid.
Heating can lead to release of toxic gases and vapors.

Diethyl monosulfate gets darker over time.
Diethyl monosulfate forms ethyl alcohol, ethyl sulfate, and eventually sulfuric acid when exposed to water.
Diethyl monosulfate is also combustible; when burned, sulfur oxides, ether, and ethylene are produced.

Chemical Properties:
Diethyl monosulfate is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint- like odor, which darkens with age.
Diethyl monosulfate is miscible with alcohol and ether.
At higher temperatures, Diethyl monosulfate rapidly decomposes into monoethyl sulfate and alcohol

Handling and Storage of Diethyl monosulfate:

Nonfire Spill Response of Diethyl monosulfate:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
Stop leak if you can do Diethyl monosulfate without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Safe Storage:
Separated from food and feedstuffs.
Keep in a well-ventilated room.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Safety of Diethyl monosulfate:
Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data.
Poison by inhalation and subcutaneous routes.

Moderately toxic by ingestion and sktn contact.
A severe skin irritant.

An experimental teratogen.
Mutation data reported.
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.

Moisture causes liberation of H2SO4.
Violent reaction with potassium tert-butoxide.
Reacts violently with 3,8-dnitro-6-phenylphenanthridine + water.

Reaction with iron + water forms explosive hydrogen gas.
zTo fight fire, use alcohol foam, H2O foam, CO2, dry chemicals.

When heated to decomposition Diethyl monosulfate emits toxic fumes of SOx.
See also SULFATES.

Storage Conditions:
Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for expt need to be carried.
Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties) that bears appropriate label.

An inventory should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date Diethyl monosulfate was acquired.
Facilities for dispensing should be contiguous to storage area.

First Aid of Diethyl monosulfate:

INHHALATION:
Remove to fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES OR SKIN:
Irrigate with running water for at least 15 min.; hold eyelids open if neccessary.
Consult an ophthamologist immediately.
Wash skin with soap and water.

Speed in removing material from skin is of extreme importance.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site.

Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature.
Effects may be delayed; keep victim under observation.

INGESTION:
If victim is conscious, give victim two glasses of water and have victim induce vomiting.

Fire Fighting of Diethyl monosulfate:

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do Diethyl monosulfate without risk.

Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Diethyl monosulfate:
Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray.

Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.

Isolation and Evacuation of Diethyl monosulfate:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Diethyl monosulfate:

Personal protection:
Complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cleanup Methods of Diethyl monosulfate:
A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms.
Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially.
Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal.

The plastic bag should be sealed immediately.
The sealed bag should be labelled properly.

Waste liquids should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal.
The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled.

Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface is not contaminated.
The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled.
Broken glassware should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators.

Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk.
Use water spray to cool & disperse vapors, & protect personnel.

Approach release from upwind.
Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.
Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary.

Disposal Methods of Diethyl monosulfate:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste.
Summary of avail methods & recommendations given must be treated as guide only.

Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt.
However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose.

The most efficient type is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air: fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air.
Some are designed to accept aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise Diethyl monosulfate is necessary to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust.
Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities are to be destroyed in laboratory.

HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters can be disposed of by incineration.
For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator.

LIQUID WASTE:
Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ensure complete combustion.

SOLID WASTE:
Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites.

Preventive Measures of Diethyl monosulfate:
Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory.
All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used.
They should wash hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse thoroughly.

Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant.
No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided.
Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting.

In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection.
Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection.
If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab.

Operations connected with synth & purification should be carried out under well-ventilated hood.
Analytical procedures should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during procedures should be removed.
Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used & when new fume cupboards are installed.

Diethyl monosulfate is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without powder being blown around the hood.
Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure.
Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur.

Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight.
Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used.

Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to Diethyl monosulfate, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured.
This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes.

Identifiers of Diethyl monosulfate:
CAS Number: 64-67-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:34699
ChEMBL: ChEMBL163100
ChemSpider: 5931
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.536
KEGG: C14706
PubChem CID: 6163
RTECS number: WS7875000
UNII: K0FO4VFA7I
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1024045
InChI:
InChI=1S/C4H10O4S/c1-3-7-9(5,6)8-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3
Key: DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C4H10O4S/c1-3-7-9(5,6)8-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3
Key: DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYAR
SMILES: O=S(=O)(OCC)OCC

Properties of Diethyl monosulfate:
Chemical formula: C4H10O4S
Molar mass: 154.18 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.2 g/mL
Melting point: −25 °C (−13 °F; 248 K)
Boiling point: 209 °C (408 °F; 482 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: decomposes in water
Vapor pressure: 0.29 mm Hg
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -86.8·10−6 cm3/mol

Molecular Weight: 154.19
XLogP3: 1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 154.02997997
Monoisotopic Mass: 154.02997997
Topological Polar Surface Area: 61 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 130
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Quality Level: 200
vapor density: 5.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure:
2 mmHg ( 55 °C)
assay: 98%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.399 (lit.)
bp: 208 °C (lit.)
mp: −24 °C (lit.)
density: 1.177 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

Related compounds of Diethyl monosulfate:
Dimethyl sulfate
diethyl sulfite

Names of Diethyl monosulfate:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Diethyl monosulfate

Other names:
Sulfuric acid diethyl ester

Translated names:
diethyl-sulfát
diethylsulfat
Diethylsulfat
dietil sulfat
dietil sulfat
dietil-sulfat
dietil-szulfát
dietilsolfato
dietilsulfatas
dietilsulfāts
dietyl-sulfát
dietylsulfat
dietylsulfat
Dietyylisulfaatti
Dietüülsulfaat
diHethylsulfaat
siarczan dietylu
sulfate de diéthyle
sulfato de dietilo
sulfato de dietilo
θειικός διαιθυλεστέρας
диетил сулфат
CAS names
Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester

IUPAC names:
Diethyl monosulfate
Diethyl monosulfate
Diethyl monosulfate
Diethyl monosulfate
Diethyl monosulfate
DIETHYL SULPHATE
Diethyl Sulphate
Diethyl sulphate
diethyl sulphate
Diethyl sulphate
Diethyl sulphate REACH registration SCC < 1000 tpy DKSH Marketing Services Spain S.A.U.
Diethylsulfat
Sulfuric acid diethyl ester
DIETHYL OXALATE
Diethyl Oxalate appears as a colorless liquid.
Diethyl Oxalate is slightly denser than water and insoluble in water.
Diethyl Oxalate hence sinks in water.
Diethyl Oxalate's vapors are much heavier than air.


CAS number: 95-92-1
EC number: 202-464-1
MDL number: MFCD00009119
Linear Formula: C2H5OCOCOOC2H5
Molecular Formula: C6H10O4


Diethyl Oxalate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Diethyl Oxalate is also used as a starting material to synthesize Ethylene glycol (E890140) by means of catalytic hydrogenation.
Diethyl Oxalate is a colorless unstable liquid.


Diethyl Oxalate is a colorless liquid.
The flash point of Diethyl Oxalate is 168°F.
Diethyl Oxalate is slightly denser than water and insoluble in water. Diethyl Oxalate hence sinks in water.


Diethyl Oxalate is used as a solvent for plastics and in the manufacture of perfumes and pharmaceuticals.
Diethyl Oxalate is insoluble in water.
Diethyl Oxalate appears as a colorless liquid.


Diethyl Oxalate is slightly denser than water and insoluble in water.
Diethyl Oxalate hence sinks in water.
Diethyl Oxalate's vapors are much heavier than air.
Diethyl Oxalate is a natural product found in Mimusops elengi, Nicotiana tabacum, and Couroupita guianensis with data available.


Diethyl Oxalate undergoes transesterification with phenol in the liquid phase over very efficient MoO3/TiO2 solid-acid sol-gel catalysts to form diphenyl oxalate.
Diethyl Oxalate undergoes Claisen condensation with active methylene group of ketosteroids to form glyoxalyl derivatives.
Diethyl Oxalate undergoes hydrogenation in the presence of high copper contented mesoporous Cu/SBA-15 catalysts to yield ethylene glycol.


In addition to this, Diethyl Oxalate is utilized in the microemulsion synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Diethyl Oxalate is miscible with alcohols, ether and other common organic solvents.
Diethyl Oxalate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, and bases.


Diethyl Oxalate is Moisture sensitive.
Diethyl Oxalate is acolourless liquid
Diethyl Oxalate has the general properties of esters.
Diethyl Oxalate absorbs moisture in the air and decomposes slowly.


Diethyl Oxalate reacts with ammonia to form amide compounds and condenses with acetone to ethyl pyruvate.
Diethyl Oxalate is a colorless oily liquid with aromatic odor.
The relative density was 1.0785.
The melting point of Diethyl Oxalate is -40.6 °c.


The boiling point of Diethyl Oxalate is 185.4 °c.
The refractive index of Diethyl Oxalate is 4101.
The heat of vaporization of Diethyl Oxalate is 284 J/g.


The specific heat capacity of Diethyl Oxalate is 1.81 J/(g. C).
Ethanol, ether, acetone, and other common solvents of Diethyl Oxalate are miscible.
Diethyl Oxalate is slightly soluble in water and gradually decomposed by water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIETHYL OXALATE:
Diethyl Oxalatewas used in microemulsion synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.
Diethyl Oxalate was also used in the synthesis of sym-1,4-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-polytetrazine
Diethyl Oxalate is used as an intermediate mainly used for phenobarbital, barycarbalonate, triethylamine, sulfamethoxazole.


Diethyl Oxalate can also be used as two cotton gelatinized dyes, intermediates and fibers of plastics, solvents for perfumes and synthesis of organic compounds.
Diethyl Oxalate is used as an intermediate mainly used for phenobarbital, barycarbalonate, triethylamine, sulfamethoxazole.


Diethyl Oxalate can also be used as two cotton gelatinized dyes, intermediates and fibers of plastics, solvents for perfumes and synthesis of organic compounds.
Diethyl Oxalate is used to prepare active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), plastics and dyestuff intermediates.


Diethyl Oxalate is also used as a solvent for cellulose esters, ethers, resins, perfumes and lacquers for electronics.
Diethyl Oxalate is involved in the transesterification reaction with phenol to get dipheny oxalate.
Diethyl Oxalate is also involved in the Claisen condensation ketosteroids to prepare glyoxalyl derivatives.


Further, Diethyl Oxalate is used to prepare sym-1,4-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-polytetrazine.
Diethyl Oxalate is used for organic synthesis.
As an intermediate of vitamin B13, Diethyl Oxalate can also be used as a plasticizer.


Diethyl Oxalate is mainly used in pharmaceuticals, pesticides.
Diethyl Oxalate is used as a solvent for plastics and in the manufacture of perfumes and pharmaceuticals.
Diethyl Oxalate is used for synthesis.


Diethyl Oxalate is a chemical intermediate used in the manufacture of API and various dyes.
Diethyl Oxalate can be used as a solvent for a number of synthetic and natural resins.
Diethyl Oxalate (DEOX) is also used as a cost effective additive based in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).


Diethyl Oxalate is used to make pharmaceuticals, plastics, dyes, and dyestuff intermediates.
Diethyl Oxalate is also used as a solvent for cellulose esters, ethers, resins, perfumes, and lacquers for electronics.
Diethyl oxalate is a chemical used to pre-treat wood chips in order to refine and prepare them for further processing (such as obtaining wood pulp).
Diethyl Oxalate is also used as a starting material to synthesize Ethylene glycol (E890140) by means of catalytic hydrogenation.


Diethyl Oxalate is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Other release to the environment of Diethyl Oxalate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Diethyl Oxalate can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Diethyl Oxalate is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and polymers.
Diethyl Oxalate is used in the following areas: building & construction work.


Other release to the environment of Diethyl Oxalate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Diethyl Oxalate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, inks and toners and polymers.
Release to the environment of Diethyl Oxalate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Diethyl Oxalate is used in the following products: polymers and laboratory chemicals.


Diethyl Oxalate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Diethyl Oxalate is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Diethyl Oxalate is used for the manufacture of: and chemicals.


Release to the environment of Diethyl Oxalate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Release to the environment of Diethyl Oxalate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Diethyl Oxalate is used manufacture of phenobarbital, ethylbenzyl malonate, triethylamine, and similar chemicals, plastics, dyestuff intermediates.
Diethyl Oxalate is used solvent for cellulose esters, perfumes.
Diethyl Oxalate is used to prepare active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), plastics and dyestuff intermediates.


Diethyl Oxalate is also used as a solvent for cellulose esters, ethers, resins, perfumes and lacquers for electronics.
Diethyl Oxalate is involved in the transesterification reaction with phenol to get dipheny oxalate.
Diethyl Oxalate is also involved in the Claisen condensation ketosteroids to prepare glyoxalyl derivatives.


Further, Diethyl Oxalate is used to prepare sym-1,4-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-polytetrazine.
In addition to this, Diethyl Oxalate is utilized in the microemulsion synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Diethyl Oxalate is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry.


Diethyl Oxalate is an intermediate of azathioprine, peripheral sulfanilamide, carboxyphenyllipase penicillin, ethoxybenzylpenicillin, chloroquine lactate, thiabendazole, sulfamethoxazole and other drugs.
Diethyl Oxalate can be used as an intermediate of plastics, dyes and other products, and as a solvent of cellulose and spices.


Diethyl Oxalate is often used as the substrate of nucleophilic reagent α,γ- Dicarbonyl esters, ketone compounds, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, etc. synthesis α,γ- Dicarbonyl esters can be formed by a nucleophilic substitution reaction between ketones and diethyl oxalate under alkaline conditions α,γ- Dicarbonyl ester.


The dicarbonyl ester often exists in the enol structure and can be used to synthesize heterocyclic compounds.
Diethyl Oxalate is used in the synthesis of novel indole β-diketo acid derivatives as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.
Diethyl Oxalate is used as a drug phenobarbital, azathioprine, solid sulfonamide intermediates and plastic accelerator


Diethyl Oxalate is mainly used as a pharmaceutical raw material intermediate.
Diethyl Oxalate is the intermediate of phenobarbital, azathioprine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, carbenicillin, ampicillin, chloroquine lactate, thiabendazole and other drugs.
Diethyl Oxalate is also an intermediate for dyes and can be used as an accelerator for plastics.



WHAT DOES DIETHYL OXALATE DO in FORMULATION?
*Chelating
*Hair conditioning
*Masking
*Plasticiser
*Solvent



REACTIVITY PROFILE of DIETHYL OXALATE:
Diethyl oxalate is an ester.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides

For the preparation of pure methanol;
Diethyl oxalate is a sulfa drug that has low potency and can be used as a substitute for methyl ethyl or diethyl.
Diethyl Oxalate is used in biological studies and is structurally similar to malonic acid.
Diethyl Oxalate binds to copper chloride, forming an intermediate with the structure of a sulfonium ion before being hydrolyzed by hydrogen fluoride.

This reaction is reversible and the hydrolysis product can bind to nitrogen atoms, forming a nitronium ion.
Diethyl oxalate has been shown to have receptor activity in human serum, which may be due to its structural similarity to malonic acid.
The binding of the drug may result in enzyme inhibition or changes in membrane permeability.
Diethyl oxalate also reacts with trifluoroacetic acid, forming an ester derivative that can react with organic solvents such as acetone and benzene, leading to a variety of products.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIETHYL OXALATE:
Anhydrous oxalic acid and ethanol were esterified in the presence of toluene to produce crude diethyl oxalate.
The crude ester is distilled into finished product.
Raw material consumption quota: 985kg / T oxalic acid, 744kg / T ethanol (95%) and 73.4kg/t toluene.

Another preparation method is to add ethanol, benzene and oxalic acid into the reactor, heat it to 68 ℃, azeotrope reflux dehydration, and take no water out as the end point of the reaction, then recover benzene to obtain crude diethyl oxalate, distill under reduced pressure, and collect 103 ℃ / 6kpa fraction to diethyl oxalate.

Diethyl Oxalate is purified by washing with dilute sodium carbonate solution, drying anhydrous potassium carbonate or sodium sulfate and vacuum distillation.
Another preparation method is to add 45g (0.5mol) of anhydrous oxalic acid ① (2), 81g (1.76mol) of anhydrous ethanol, 200ml of benzene and 10ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into the reaction bottle equipped with agitator and water separator.

It is heated under stirring and refluxed at 68 ~ 70 ℃ for azeotropic dehydration.
After the water is basically evaporated, ethanol and benzene are evaporated.
Wash with water after cooling, wash with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, wash with water, and dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate.

Diethyl oxalate (57g) was obtained by atmospheric distillation and collecting the fraction at 182 ~ 184 ℃, with a yield of 78%.
① dehydrate oxalic acid with anhydrous chloroform water until it crystallizes as follows: steam it with anhydrous oxalic acid and inject it into the powder containing carbon.

Filter by suction, dry and store in dryer for standby.
Anhydrous oxalic acid can also be prepared by drying directly in an oven.
In this experiment, a corresponding amount of oxalic acid containing crystal water can also be used, but the reaction time is longer.



PRODUCTION METHODS of DIETHYL OXALATE:
Diethyl oxalate is produced via esterification of ethanol and oxalic acid. Diethyl Oxalate is a preferred solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate.
anhydrous oxalic acid was esterified with ethanol in the presence of toluene to produce crude diethyl oxalate.
The crude ester is subjected to distillation to a finished product.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIETHYL OXALATE:
Molecular Weight: 146.14 g/mol
XLogP3: 0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 146.05790880 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.05790880 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 114
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 95-92-1
EC index number: 607-147-00-5
EC number: 202-464-1

Hill Formula: C₆H₁₀O₄
Chemical formula: C₂H₅OOCCOOC₂H₅
Molar Mass: 146.14 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 11 00
Boiling point: 182 - 186 °C
Density: 1.078 g/cm3
Explosion limit: 0.42 - 2.67 %(V)
Flash point: 75 °C
Ignition temperature: 410 °C
Melting Point: -41 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.27 hPa (20 °C)
Melting point: -41 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 185 °C
Density: 1.076g/cm3 (25℃)
Flash point: 75 °C
Appearance: Colorless oily liquid
Acidity(Calculated by C2H2O4): 0.1% Max.
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: aromatic
Melting point/range: -41 °C - lit.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 185 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper explosion limit: 2,67 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,42 %(V)
Flash point: 75 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 412 °C at 984 hPa
Decomposition temperature: Distillable in an undecomposed state at normal pressure.
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 2,01 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility at: 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 105(slow decomposition)
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 0,56 - (Lit.), Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 1,33 hPa at 47 °C 0,27 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,076 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 1,08 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 5,04 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Surface tension: 32,22
Relative vapor Density: 5,04 - (Air = 1.0)

Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.07600 to 1.08200 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.953 to 9.003
Refractive Index: 1.40700 to 1.41300 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -41.00 to -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 185.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 113.00 to 114.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.414000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 5.03 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 168.00 °F. TCC ( 75.56 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.560
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 3.60E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C6H10O4 = 146.14
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
CAS RN: 95-92-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 606350
PubChem Substance ID: 87574125
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 575
Merck Index (14): 3125

MDL Number: MFCD00009119
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min. 99%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.075-1.080
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.409-1.411
Boiling Range: 182-186°C
Non Volatile Matter: max. 0.05%
Acidity (H2C2O4): max. 0.1%
Water (KF): max. 0.1%
Melting point: -41 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 185 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.076 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 5.03 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 47 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.410(lit.)
Flash point: 168 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with alcohols, ether and other common organic solvents.
form: Liquid
color: Clear
explosive limit: 0.42-2.67%(V)

Water Solubility: MAY DECOMPOSE
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
Merck: 14,3125
BRN: 606350
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.560
Molecular Formula: C6H10O4
Molar Mass: 146.14
Density: 1.076 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -41 °C (lit.)
Boling Point: 185 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 168°F
Water Solubility: MAY DECOMPOSE
Solubility: Miscible with alcohols, ether and other common organic solvents.
Vapor Presure: 1 mm Hg ( 47 °C)
Vapor Density: 5.03 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid

Color: Clear
Merck: 14,3125
BRN: 606350
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
Explosive Limit: 0.42-2.67%(V)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.410(lit.)
Physical and Chemical Properties: Colorless oily liquid with aromatic odor.
melting point: -40.6 ℃
boiling point: 185.4 ℃
relative density: 1.0785
refractive index: 1.4101
solubility: miscible with common solvents such as ethanol, ether and acetone.
Slightly soluble in water.



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIETHYL OXALATE:
-General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIETHYL OXALATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIETHYL OXALATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIETHYL OXALATE:
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
-Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 10 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIETHYL OXALATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Moisture sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIETHYL OXALATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
DIETHYL OXALATE
95-92-1
Ethyl oxalate
diethyloxalate
Ethanedioic acid, diethyl ester
Diethyl ethanedioate
Oxalic acid, diethyl ester
Oxalic ether
Oxalic Acid Diethyl Ester
Ethyl oxalate (VAN)
NSC 8851
Diethylester kyseliny stavelove
HSDB 2131
EINECS 202-464-1
UN2525
BRN 0606350
Diethyl ester of oxalic acid
UNII-860M3ZWF6J
860M3ZWF6J
DTXSID2044472
150992-84-0
NSC-8851
Ethanedioic acid, 1,2-diethyl ester
EC 202-464-1
4-02-00-01848 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MFCD00009119
diethyl ethaneioate
Diethyl ethanidioate
Oxalic acid diethyl
diethyl ethane-dioate
ETHYL OXOLATE
oxalic acid diethylester
1,2-diethyl ethanedioate
C2H5OCOCOOC2H5
Diethyl oxalate, >=99%
SCHEMBL7262
WLN: 2OVVO2
DIETHYL OXALATE [MI]
DIETHYL OXALATE [HSDB]
DIETHYL OXALATE [INCI]
CHEMBL3183226
DTXCID0024472
NSC8851
AMY37179
Ethanedioic acid 1,2-diethyl ester
Diethyl oxalate, analytical standard
Tox21_302109
BBL011413
Ethyl oxalate [UN2525]
NA2525
STL146519
ETHANEDIOC ACID, DIETHYL ESTER
AKOS000120214
Ethyl oxalate [UN2525]
UN 2525
CAS-95-92-1
NCGC00255767-01
AS-14315
BP-13324
LS-99427
Diethyl oxalate, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
FT-0645510
O0078
O0120
EN300-19207
F87445
Q904612
J-802189
Q-200981
5-pentyl-5-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione
ETHANEDIOIC ACID,DIETHYL ESTER (DIETHYLOXALATE)
F1908-0115
Z104473164
InChI=1/C6H10O4/c1-3-9-5(7)6(8)10-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H
Diethyl ethanedioate, Ethyl oxalate
Oxalic Acid Diethyl Ester
Ethyl Oxalate
Ethanedioic Acid 1,2-Diethyl Ester
Oxalic Acid Diethyl Ester
Diethyl Ethanedioate
Ethyl Oxalate
NSC 8851
Diethyl ethanedioate
Diethylester kyseliny stavelove
Ethanedioic acid, diethyl ester
Ethyl oxalate
Ethyl oxalate (VAN)
Oxalic acid, diethyl ester
Oxalic ether
UN2525
Oxalic acid, diethyl ester
Diethyl ethanedioate
Diethyl oxalate
Ethyl oxalate
C2H5OCOCOOC2H5
Diethylester kyseliny stavelove
UN 2525
Diethyl ester of oxalic acid
Oxalic ether
Ethanedioic acid, 1,2-diethyl ester
NSC 8851
ETHYL OXALATE
OXALIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER
Oxalic ether
Ceftriaxone Impurity 5
GKSW
oxalicether
EthyIoxalate
Diethyl oxate
Diαthyloxalat
C2H5OCOCOOC2H5
1,​2-​diethyl ester ethanedioic acid
Diethyl ethanedioate
Diethyl oxalate
Ethyl oxalate
Diethyl Ethanedioate-13C2
Diethyl Oxalate-13C2
Ethyl Oxalate-13C2
NSC 8851-13C2
Ethanedioic Acid, Diethyl Ester-13C2
Ethanedioic Acid, 1,2-Diethyl Ester-13C2
ETHYL OXALATE
Ethyl oxalate
C2H5OCOCOOC2H5
Diethyl oxalate
DIETHYL OXALATE
AKOS BBS-00004457
RARECHEM AL BI 0114
diethyl ethanedioate
DIETHYL ETHANEDIOATE
OXALIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER
Oxalic acid diethyl ester
Ethanedioic acid diethyl ester




DIETHYL PHTHALATE

Diethyl phthalate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H14O4.
Diethyl phthalate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phthalate esters.
Diethyl phthalate is formed by the esterification of phthalic acid with ethanol, resulting in the diethyl ester.
Diethyl phthalate is a colorless, odorless liquid with a low volatility.

CAS Number: 84-66-2
EC Number: 201-550-6



APPLICATIONS


Diethyl phthalate is primarily used as a plasticizer in the production of polymeric materials, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Its main application as a plasticizer is to increase the flexibility and workability of PVC, making it easier to mold into various shapes and forms.
Diethyl phthalate is widely used in the manufacturing of vinyl flooring, synthetic leather, and vinyl-coated fabrics for applications in the automotive and construction industries.

Diethyl phthalate is employed in the production of electrical cables to improve their flexibility and durability.
Diethyl phthalate acts as a softening agent in cellulose-based materials, such as cellulose acetate films and sheets.
Diethyl phthalate is used in the production of plastic bottles, film sheets, and other consumer packaging materials.
Diethyl phthalate is utilized as a solvent and fixative in the fragrance industry to enhance the longevity and stability of scents in perfumes and colognes.
In personal care products, Diethyl phthalate is employed as a solvent in nail polishes, hair sprays, and lotions, improving their texture and performance.

Diethyl phthalate is used in the formulation of deodorants, body sprays, and moisturizers to help dissolve and disperse fragrance oils.
Diethyl phthalate is commonly used as a solvent in industrial applications, such as in the production of adhesives, sealants, and inks.

Diethyl phthalate finds application in the formulation of cellulose lacquers, imparting a smooth and glossy finish to wood and metal surfaces.
Diethyl phthalate acts as a processing aid in the production of cellulose acetate fibers and films, enhancing their mechanical properties and handling.
In the textile industry, Diethyl phthalate is used in the dyeing process to aid in the dispersion of dyes and improve colorfastness.

Diethyl phthalate is employed as a lubricant in some metalworking processes, such as wire drawing and extrusion.
Diethyl phthalate serves as a solvent and coupling agent in some agricultural formulations and pest control products.
Diethyl phthalate is utilized in the formulation of certain inkjet printing inks, improving the ink's viscosity and print quality.
Diethyl phthalate acts as a carrier solvent for some herbicides and pesticides, facilitating their application.

Diethyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer and softening agent in the production of medical devices, such as blood bags and tubing.
Diethyl phthalate is employed in the formulation of colorants and pigments, aiding in their dispersion in various products.
Diethyl phthalate is used as a solvent in the production of cellulose-based coatings and films for various applications.

Diethyl phthalate serves as a component in certain formulations for hydraulic fluids and lubricants.
Diethyl phthalate is utilized in the formulation of personal care products like lotions, creams, and sunscreens to improve texture and spreadability.
Diethyl phthalate is employed as a solvent in the extraction of natural and synthetic compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.
Diethyl phthalate is used as a component in some cutting and grinding fluids to aid in metalworking processes.

Diethyl phthalate finds application in the production of plastic packaging films, food wraps, and other flexible packaging materials.
Diethyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer in the production of flexible polyurethane foams, such as those used in furniture and bedding.
Diethyl phthalate acts as a solubilizer and stabilizer in certain pesticide formulations, aiding in the dispersion of active ingredients.

Diethyl phthalate is employed as a component in some ink formulations for printing on plastic and other non-porous surfaces.
Diethyl phthalate serves as a carrier solvent for some flavors and fragrances, facilitating their incorporation into food and cosmetic products.
Diethyl phthalate is used in the production of latex paints to improve pigment dispersion and reduce viscosity.

Diethyl phthalate is employed as a solvent in the formulation of certain cleaning and degreasing agents.
Diethyl phthalate finds application in the synthesis of certain specialty chemicals, such as phthalate-based polyesters.
Diethyl phthalate is used as a processing aid in the manufacture of polystyrene, enhancing the resin's flow properties during molding.

Diethyl phthalate is employed in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve their flexibility and tackiness.
Diethyl phthalate is utilized as a component in some heat transfer fluids and antifreeze formulations.
Diethyl phthalate is used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to improve their clarity and moldability.
Diethyl phthalate acts as a lubricating agent in the production of polyethylene and polypropylene films.
Diethyl phthalate is utilized in the formulation of some cellulose-based coatings and paints, enhancing their adhesion and glossiness.
Diethyl phthalate is used as a softening agent in certain rubber compounds, such as those used in gaskets and seals.

Diethyl phthalate serves as a component in some corrosion inhibitors for metal protection.
Diethyl phthalate is employed in the formulation of some hydraulic fluids and brake fluids, enhancing their viscosity and lubricating properties.
Diethyl phthalate is used in the production of certain synthetic resins and adhesives.

Diethyl phthalate finds application in the formulation of some leather finishes and polishes.
Diethyl phthalate is utilized in the formulation of certain textile dyes and pigments to aid in dispersion.
Diethyl phthalate is employed in the production of some household and industrial detergents to enhance their cleaning efficiency.

Diethyl phthalate is used as a lubricant in the processing of some elastomers and thermoplastic materials.
Diethyl phthalate serves as a component in some metalworking coolants and cutting oils to improve their performance.
Diethyl phthalate is employed in the formulation of some printing inks for the packaging industry.
Diethyl phthalate is used in the production of some synthetic rubbers, such as nitrile rubber.

Diethyl phthalate finds application in the production of some flexible packaging materials, including plastic wraps and bags.
Diethyl phthalate is employed in the production of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) to enhance their flexibility and processability.
Diethyl phthalate serves as a plasticizer in the manufacture of vinyl toys and children's products, where safety regulations are closely monitored.

Diethyl phthalate is used in the formulation of some printing inks for flexographic and gravure printing processes.
Diethyl phthalate finds application in the production of ink and marker pens to improve the ink's flow characteristics.
Diethyl phthalate is utilized as a binder in certain agrochemical formulations, such as herbicides and fungicides.
Diethyl phthalate is used as a carrier solvent for some volatile insecticides in pest control applications.

Diethyl phthalate serves as a lubricant and processing aid in the production of some synthetic rubbers and elastomers.
Diethyl phthalate is employed in the formulation of adhesive tapes to improve their adhesive properties and flexibility.
Diethyl phthalate is used as a solvent in some cleaning agents for electronics and delicate surfaces.

Diethyl phthalate is utilized in the production of heat-resistant and flame-retardant materials, including fire-resistant fabrics.
Diethyl phthalate is used in the formulation of some specialty coatings and paints for specific industrial applications.



DESCRIPTION


Diethyl phthalate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H14O4.
Diethyl phthalate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phthalate esters.
Diethyl phthalate is formed by the esterification of phthalic acid with ethanol, resulting in the diethyl ester.
Diethyl phthalate is a colorless, odorless liquid with a low volatility.

Diethyl phthalate is commonly used as a plasticizer, which means it is added to plastics to improve their flexibility, durability, and processing properties.
Diethyl phthalate is particularly used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products, such as vinyl flooring, electrical cables, and automotive parts.
As a plasticizer, Diethyl phthalate helps reduce the rigidity of the plastic and makes it more malleable.

Diethyl phthalate (Diethyl phthalate) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H14O4.
Diethyl phthalate is a colorless and odorless liquid with a molecular weight of 222.24 g/mol.
Diethyl phthalate is produced through the esterification of phthalic acid with ethanol.

As a phthalate ester, Diethyl phthalate falls under the category of plasticizers.
Diethyl phthalate is widely used as a plasticizer in various polymeric materials, such as PVC, to improve their flexibility and workability.
Diethyl phthalate is commonly employed in the production of vinyl flooring, artificial leather, and electrical cables.
Diethyl phthalate acts as a solvent in many applications, making it suitable for use in perfumes, colognes, and personal care products.

In the fragrance industry, it functions as a fixative to enhance the longevity and stability of scents on the skin.
Diethyl phthalate's low volatility contributes to its stability and long-lasting properties in fragrance formulations.
Diethyl phthalate has a high boiling point of around 340°C (644°F), which makes it useful for high-temperature applications.
Diethyl phthalate is a non-toxic and non-flammable substance, making it safer for use in various consumer products.

Due to its relatively low cost and versatility, Diethyl phthalate is a popular choice as a plasticizer and solvent in industrial applications.
Diethyl phthalate is also utilized in the production of adhesives, sealants, and inks to improve their adhesive and binding properties.

In certain cases, Diethyl phthalate can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals.
While Diethyl phthalate is stable under normal conditions, it can degrade over time when exposed to light and air.
Diethyl phthalate is compatible with many other chemicals, making it a useful additive in various formulations.
Diethyl phthalate's low viscosity allows it to disperse easily, providing uniformity in mixtures.

Diethyl phthalate is miscible with a wide range of organic solvents, further enhancing its application versatility.
In cosmetics, Diethyl phthalate improves the spreadability and texture of products like nail polishes and lotions.
Diethyl phthalate is used in the formulation of phthalate-free plasticizers, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative.

Diethyl phthalate is a non-carcinogenic compound, but its usage has been subject to regulatory scrutiny due to potential health and environmental concerns.
In some regions, Diethyl phthalate has been restricted or limited in certain consumer products, especially those intended for children's use.
The safety of Diethyl phthalate is continuously evaluated by regulatory authorities to ensure its appropriate use in various applications.

Diethyl phthalate's stable nature and versatile properties make it a valuable component in multiple industries.
Diethyl phthalate plays a significant role in improving the performance and characteristics of many everyday products, from plastics and fragrances to personal care items and industrial formulations.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, aromatic odor
Molecular Formula: C12H14O4
Molecular Weight: 222.24 g/mol
Density: 1.12 g/cm³ at 25°C
Melting Point: -6.8°C
Boiling Point: 298-300°C
Flash Point: 149°C (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: 0.0007 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, and other organic solvents; insoluble in water
Refractive Index: 1.5010 at 20°C
Viscosity: 12.1 mPa·s at 25°C
Heat of Vaporization: 59.3 kJ/mol



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Diethyl phthalate vapors are inhaled and respiratory symptoms occur, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide artificial respiration if trained to do so, and seek immediate medical attention.
Keep the affected person calm and at rest while awaiting medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

If Diethyl phthalate comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with mild soap and water.
Avoid using harsh chemicals or solvents for cleaning, as they may worsen skin irritation.
If skin irritation, redness, or rash develops and persists, seek medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

If Diethyl phthalate accidentally gets into the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with clean water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do so, after the initial rinse.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


Ingestion:

In case of accidental ingestion of Diethyl phthalate, do NOT induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth gently with water if the person is conscious and not showing signs of aspiration.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


General First Aid Measures:

If the person shows signs of chemical exposure, such as dizziness, headache, or respiratory irritation, move them to a well-ventilated area and keep them calm and at rest.
Avoid direct contact with large amounts of Diethyl phthalate to prevent the risk of aspiration.
If any adverse reactions or symptoms persist, seek immediate medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Diethyl phthalate, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing to prevent direct skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use Diethyl phthalate in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to prevent the buildup of vapors.
Avoid inhaling Diethyl phthalate vapors, especially in confined spaces.

Avoid Contact with Eyes and Ingestion:
Avoid contact with eyes and ingestion of Diethyl phthalate.
In case of accidental contact, rinse eyes immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
If ingested, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.

Prevent Spills and Splashes:
Handle Diethyl phthalate containers with care to prevent spills or splashes.
Clean up spills promptly using appropriate absorbent materials and dispose of them properly.

No Smoking:
Do not smoke or allow open flames in areas where Diethyl phthalate is handled, as it is combustible.

Wash Hands:
After handling Diethyl phthalate or before eating, wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water.

Storage of Diethyl phthalate Containers:
Store Diethyl phthalate containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.

Compatibility:
Store Diethyl phthalate away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents and acids, to prevent potential chemical reactions.

Avoid Mixing:
Avoid mixing Diethyl phthalate with other chemicals unless directed by the manufacturer or a qualified professional.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Diethyl phthalate at temperatures below 30°C (86°F) to prevent excessive heat exposure, which may lead to degradation or changes in properties.

Protect from Light:
Keep Diethyl phthalate containers away from direct sunlight and UV radiation, as light exposure may cause some degradation over time.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the storage area to prevent the buildup of vapors.

Storage Area:
Designate a specific, well-ventilated storage area for Diethyl phthalate, away from food, drink, and animal feed.

Secure Storage:
Keep Diethyl phthalate containers and storage area secure and out of reach of unauthorized personnel, especially children.

Environmental Considerations:
Observe all local environmental regulations and guidelines when storing Diethyl phthalate to prevent environmental contamination.

No Smoking:
Prohibit smoking or open flames in the storage area.

Labeling:
Clearly label Diethyl phthalate containers with the product name, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.



SYNONYMS


Diethyl phthalate
Phthalic acid diethyl ester
Diethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Ethyl phthalate
Ethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diethyl o-phthalate
Diethyl orthophthalate
Diethyl benzeneortho-dicarboxylate
Diethyl 1,2-phthalate
Diethyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Ethyl o-phthalate
Ethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Ethyl benzeneortho-dicarboxylate
Ethyl 1,2-phthalate
Ethyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl o-phthalate
Diethyl orthophthalate
Ethyl o-phthalate
Ethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Ethyl benzeneortho-dicarboxylate
Ethyl 1,2-phthalate
Ethyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Ethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Phthalic acid diethyl ester
Diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Ethyl orthophthalate
Ethyl phthalic ester
Diethyl phthalate plasticizer
Diethyl o-benzeneortho-dicarboxylate
Ethyl o-phthalic ester
Ethyl orthobenzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Ethyl o-phthalic acid diester
Ethyl ester of phthalic acid
Diethyl phthalate solvent
Phthalic acid diethylester
Diethyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Ethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl phthalate ester
Diethyl 1,2-phthalate
Ethyl benzene-ortho-dicarboxylate
Diethyl ester of phthalic acid
Ethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl phthalate plasticizer
Ethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diethyl phthalate solvent
Ethyl orthophthalic ester
Ethyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl phthalate
Phthalic acid diethyl ester
Diethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Ethyl phthalate
Ethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diethyl o-phthalate
Diethyl orthophthalate
Diethyl benzeneortho-dicarboxylate
Diethyl 1,2-phthalate
Diethyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Ethyl o-phthalate
Ethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Ethyl benzeneortho-dicarboxylate
Ethyl 1,2-phthalate
Ethyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl o-phthalate
Diethyl orthophthalate
Ethyl o-phthalate
Ethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Ethyl benzeneortho-dicarboxylate
Ethyl 1,2-phthalate
Ethyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Ethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
DIETHYL SULFATE
Diethyl Sulfate Property of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is moisture sensitive liquid. Heating can lead to release of irritating gases and vapors. Toxicity of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and thus is genotoxic. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), as of 1999 there is not sufficient evidence for the carcinogenic properties of diethyl sulfate in humans, but there is in animals. Diethyl sulfate is classified as a Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) carcinogen by the IARC. Preparation of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol. Properties of Diethyl sulfate Chemical formula C4H10O4S Molar mass 154.18 g·mol−1 Appearance Colorless liquid Density 1.2 g/mL Melting point −25 °C (−13 °F; 248 K) Boiling point 209 °C (408 °F; 482 K) (decomposes) Solubility in water decomposes in water Vapor pressure 0.29 mm Hg Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -86.8·10−6 cm3/mol Application of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of: • Biologically active compounds such as bispyrazole, pyrazolopyrimidine and pyridine containing antipyrinyl moieties. • N-substituted-2-styryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones. • Ionic liquids with pyrrolidinium, piperidinium and morpholinium cations, having potential applications as electrolytes. Diethyl sulfate can also be used as an alkylating agent to synthesize 1-alkyl/aralkyl-2-(1-arylsufonylalkyl)benzimidazoles and an ionic liquid ethylmethylimidazole ethylsulfate. Diethyl sulfate is an alkyl sulfate. Diethyl sulfate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a peppermint odor. Burns, though may be difficult to ignite. Corrosive to metals and tissue. It is a potent alkylating agent. Flash point is 104° C (219° F) [Aldrich MSDS]. Diethyl Sulfate is a colorless, corrosive, oily liquid that darkens with age and has a faint peppermint odor. Diethyl sulfate is mainly used as an ethylating agent in organic synthesis and in the dye and textile manufacturing. Exposure to this substance results in severe irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Diethyl Sulfate is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and may be associated with developing laryngeal cancer. After male CFE albino rats were administered 1 ml of a 5% (v/v) solution of diethyl sulfate in arachis oil by gavage or by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection, ethylmercapturic acid and a sulfoxide were identified as metabolites. Uses of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent, and also as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in some sulfonations. Diethyl sulfate is also a chemical intermediate for ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols, and as an alkylating agent. Diethyl sulfate is available as a technical grade product that contains 99.5% active ingredient or as a laboratory chemical with a purity of 95% to >98%. An analytical method for the determination of diethyl sulfate in air has been developed /using/ gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. Hazards Summary of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate. No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of diethyl sulfate in humans. In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate. In one study, rats orally exposed to diethyl sulfate developed tumors in the forestomach. EPA has not classified diethyl sulfate with respect to potential carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen. The presence of moisture in a metal container of diethyl sulfate caused formation of sulfuric acid which reacted with the metal to release hydrogen which pressurized and exploded the container. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Diethyl sulfate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Diethyl sulfate is included on this list. National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Diethyl sulfate (64-67-5) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. Evidence for Carcinogenicity Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in humans of diethyl sulfate. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of diethyl sulfate in experimental animals. Diethyl sulfate is probably carcinogenic to humans (2A). In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into account diethyl sulfate is a strong direct alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and that as a result, it is genotoxic in virtually all test systems examined including potent effects in somatic and germ cells of mammals exposed in vivo. Diethyl sulfate: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. In a historical cohort study of process workers, chemical mechanics, and refinery workers at a factory manufacturing isopropyl alcohol and ethanol by the strong acid process, a process which produces high concns of diethyl sulfate, excess mortality from upper respiratory (laryngeal) cancer was found among process workers. Diethyl sulfate induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in pollen of petunia hybrida. It induced chromosomal aberrations in meiotic cells and chlorophyll mutations in rice, ring chromosomes in Allium sativum root tips and anaphase and telophase aberrations in Papaver somniferum root meristemic cells. The dermal carcinogenicity of diethyl sulfate was evaluated in a group of 40 C3H/HeJ male mice painted 3 times/week for their lifespan on the skin of the back, with undiluted diethyl sulfate at an average dose of 0.0074 g/mouse/application. A negative control group of 40 animals was exposed to 0.0126 g acetone/mouse/application in the same manner as the treated group. All the treated mice were dead after 23 months of the study, 11 after 18 months, and 27 after one year. The first skin neoplasm was observed after 12 months of treatment, with a total of 21 animals developing malignant skin neoplasms. The total cancer incidence was 87.5% and the median latent periods for appearance of neoplasms and cancer were 15.7 and 16.2 months, respectively. No skin tumors were observed in the control group. The mutagenicity of diethyl sulfate was evaluated in the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Mutation test, both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Based on the results of preliminary toxicity determinations, diethyl sulfate, diluted with DMSO, was tested for mutagenicity at ranges of concentrations of 2.5-40x10(-3)% and 5-80x10(-3)% (v/v in DMSO) in the presence and absence of activation, respectively. All concentrations of diethyl sulfate tested caused a positive response in the tests both with and without activation. The ability of diethyl sulfate to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was evaluated in the absence of added metabolic activation. Based on preliminary toxicity tests, diethyl sulfate, diluted with DMSO, was tested at concentrations of 0, 0.00125, 0.0025, 0.0050, 0.010 or 0.020 % (v/v). A total of 15 cells/dose level were examined in all but the highest dose level tested since this dose level was toxic to the cells. There were statistically significant increases observed in the numbers of SCE/cell and SCE/chromosome relative to negative controls at concentrations of 0.0050 and 0.010% (p < 0.001, Student's t-test). A positive dose-response relationship was observed. The ability of diethyl sulfate to cause an increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat liver cells was evaluated. Based on preliminary toxicity tests, diethyl sulfate, diluted in DMSO, was tested at concentrations of 0, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.003, 0.010, 0.030 or 0.100% (v/v). Cells were treated with test article for 2 hrs. Statistically significant increases in DNA synthesis relative to negative controls were observed at all tested concentrations using both values for radioactivity incorporation into either nuclei or DNA (p < 0.05 for concentrations of 0.001 and 0.100% and p < 0.001 for the remaining concentrations). A linear dose-response pattern was not observed although the cumulative responses observed over a wide range of concentrations suggested a significant biological effect. Diethyl sulfate's production and use as an ethylating agent for a wide variety of organic functional groups may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.212 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Diethyl sulfate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Diethyl sulfate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 days. Diethyl sulfate is also degraded in the atmosphere by water and moisture and the half-life for this reaction is less than 1 day. If released to soil, Diethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly in moist soils. Adsorption, biodegradation, and volatilization from soil are not expected to be important fate processes because hydrolysis occurs rapidly. If released into water, Diethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze with an estimated half-life of 1.7 hours; ethanol and sulfuric acid have been identified as hydrolysis products. Volatilization, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems because of the rapid rate of hydrolysis. Occupational exposure to Diethyl sulfate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Diethyl sulfate is produced or used in the synthesis of a variety of intermediates and products. Diethyl sulfate's production and use as an ethylating agent for a wide variety of organic functional groups(1-3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to water, Diethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly. A hydrolysis rate constant of 1.15X10-4/sec at 25 °C translates to a half-life of 1.7 hours at pH 7. The rate of hydrolysis will increase in both acidic and basic waters as the reaction is catalyzed under these conditions. Volatilization from water surfaces, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems because of hydrolysis. According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Diethyl sulfate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.212 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Diethyl sulfate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-lives for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 9 days, calculated from its rate constant of 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C. Diethyl sulfate also reacts rapidly with water in the atmosphere, with an estimated half-life of <1 day. Diethyl sulfate, present at 100 mg/l, achieved 89% of its theoretical BOD after 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Diethyl sulfate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Experimental rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of Diethyl sulfate with ozone, <3.4X10-21 cu cm/mol-sec; ammonia, <1.4X10-21 cu cm/mol-sec; and water, <2.3X10-23 cu cm/mol-sec translate to atmospheric lifetimes of >12 yr, >9 yr, and <1 day, respectively. A measured hydrolysis rate constant of 1.15X10-4/sec for Diethyl sulfate in water at 25 °C translates to a half-life of 1.7 hrs at pH 7. The reaction is catalyzed under both acidic and basic conditions forming sulfuric acid and free ethanol. Based upon the rapid rate of hydrolysis for Diethyl sulfate in aqueous environments, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low. In 1989, total land releases of Diethyl sulfate in the US were estimated at approximately 114 kg and total air emissions were estimated as approximately 4 tons from 28 locations. Diethyl sulfate was qualitatively detected in the atmosphere of the Netherlands. In 1989, total air emissions of Diethyl sulfate in the U.S. were estimated at approximately 4 tons from 28 locations. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,261 workers (164 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Diethyl sulfate in the US. Occupational exposure to Diethyl sulfate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Diethyl sulfate is produced or used. About Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 tonnes per annum. Diethyl sulfate is used at industrial sites. Consumer Uses of Diethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Article service life of Diethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Diethyl sulfate. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Formulation or re-packing of Diethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Uses at industrial sites of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is used in the following products: polymers. Diethyl sulfate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). Diethyl sulfate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Release to the environment of Diethyl sulfate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates). Manufacture of Diethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. 1.1 Exposure data Diethyl sulfate is manufactured from ethylene and sulfuric acid. It is used principally as an intermediate (ethylating agent) in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and textile chemicals, and as a finishing agent in textile production. It is an obligatory intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the preparation of synthetic ethanol from ethylene. No data were available on levels of occupational exposure to diethyl sulfate. 1.2 Human carcinogenicity data One cohort study at a US isopropanol and ethanol manufacturing plant revealed an increased risk for laryngeal cancer. A subsequent case-control study nested in an expanded cohort at this plant indicated that the increased risk was related to exposure to sulfuric acid; the risk persisted even after exclusion of workers in the ethanol and isopropanol units. A cohort study from two US plants producing ethanol and isopropanol suggested an increased risk for cancers of the larynx, buccal cavity and pharynx, but not of the lung, in strong-acid workers. An association between estimated exposure to diethyl sulfate and risk for brain tumour was suggested in a study of workers at a US petrochemical plant. No measurement of exposure diethyl sulfate was available for the industrial processes investigated in the epidemiological studies. It is therefore difficult to assess the contribution of diethyl sulfate to the increased cancer risks. Furthermore, exposure to mists and vapours from strong inorganic acids, primarily sulfuric acid, may play a role in increasing these risks. 1.3 Animal carcinogenicity data Diethyl sulfate was tested for carcinogenicity by oral and subcutaneous administration in one strain of rats. After subcutaneous administration, a high incidence of malignant tumours occurred at the injection site. Following oral gavage of diethyl sulfate, forestomach tumours were observed. A low incidence of malignant tumours of the nervous system was observed in the same strain of rats after prenatal exposure. 1.4 Other relevant data Diethyl sulfate induced specific locus mutations in mouse germ-line cells. It was clastogenic in mice and newts, induced DNA damage in mice and rats and ethylated DNA in mice. Diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation in cultured human lymphocytes. It induced alkali-labile sites in cultured human leukocytes in one study. In cultured mammalian cells, diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchange, forward mutation and DNA single-strand breaks; it also induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. In single studies, diethyl sulfate did not induce aneuploidy or reciprocal translocation in Drosophila melanogaster but did induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations and genetic crossing-over. In plant cells, diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations, mutation and unscheduled DNA synthesis. It induced reverse mutation and mitotic recombination in yeast. Diethyl sulfate induced mutation and DNA damage in bacteria. 1.5 Evaluation There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in humans of diethyl sulfate. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity in experimental animals of diethyl sulfate. Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA. As a result, it is genotoxic in virtually all test systems examined including induction of potent effects in somatic and germ cells of mammals exposed in vivo. Hazard Summary of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate. No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of diethyl sulfate in humans. In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate. In one study, rats orally exposed to diethyl sulfate developed tumors in the forestomach. EPA has not classified diethyl sulfate with respect to potential carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen. Uses of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent, and also as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in some sulfonations. Diethyl sulfate is also a chemical intermediate for ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols, and as an alkylating agent. Sources and Potential Exposure of Diethyl sulfate The most probable routes of exposure to diethyl sulfate are by dermal contact or inhalation during its production or use. Individuals may also be exposed to diethyl sulfate in the ambient environment from fugitive emissions. Physical Properties of Diethyl sulfate The chemical formula for diethyl sulfate is C4H10O4S, and its molecular weight is 154.19 g/mol. Diethyl sulfate occurs as a colorless, oily liquid that darkens with age and is practically insoluble with water. Diethyl sulfate has a faint ethereal or peppermint odor; the odor threshold has not been established. The vapor pressure for diethyl sulfate is 0.29 mm Hg at 25 °C, and its log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) is 1.14. Diethyl sulfate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint- like odor, which darkens with age (Budavari, 1996). It is miscible with alcohol and ether (O'Neil, 2006). At higher temperatures, DES rapidly decomposes into monoethyl sulfate and alcohol (NTP, 2011). Uses of Diethyl sulfate The primary use of diethyl sulfate is as a chemical intermediate (ethylating agent) in synthesis of ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; and in some sulfonation processes. It is used to manufacture dyes, pigments, carbonless paper, and textiles. It is an intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the preparation of synthetic ethanol from ethylene. Smaller quantities are used in household products, cosmetics, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and laboratory reagents (IARC 1992, 1999, HSDB 2009). In 1966, it was used as a mutagen to create the Luther variety of barley (IARC 1974). Uses As an ethylating agent; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; intermediate in the production by one method of ethyl alcohol from ethylene and sulfuric acid Preparation of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is produced from ethanol and sulfuric acid, from ethylene and sulfuric acid, or from diethyl ether and fuming sulfuric acid (Budavari, 1996). General Description of Diethyl sulfate A clear colorless liquid with a peppermint odor. Burns, though may be difficult to ignite. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Reactivity Profile of Diethyl sulfate The presence of moisture in a metal container of Diethyl sulfate caused the formation of sulfuric acid which reacts with the metal to release hydrogen which pressurized and exploded the container. Carcinogenicity of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenbased on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. History of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate was studied contemporaneously with ether by German alchemist August Siegmund Frobenius in 1730, subsequently by French chemists Fourcroy in 1797 and Gay-Lussac in 1815. Swiss scientist Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure also studied it in 1807. In 1827, French chemist and pharmacist Félix-Polydore Boullay (1806-1835) along with Jean-Baptiste André Dumas noted the role of Diethyl sulfate in the preparation of diethyl ether from sulfuric acid and ethanol. Further studies by the German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich and the Swedish chemist Jöns Berzelius suggested sulfuric acid was acting as a catalyst, this eventually led to the discovery of sulfovinic acid as an intermediate in the process. The advent of electrochemistry by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta and English chemist Humphry Davy in the 1800s confirmed ether and water were formed by the reaction of sub-stoichiometric amounts of sulfuric acid on ethanol and that sulfovinic acid was formed as an intermediate in the reaction. Production of Diethyl sulfate Ethanol was produced primarily by the sulfuric acid hydration process in which ethylene is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce Diethyl sulfate followed by hydrolysis, but this method has been mostly replaced by direct hydration of ethylene. Diethyl sulfate can be produced in a laboratory setting by reacting ethanol with sulfuric acid under a gentle boil, while keeping the reaction below 140 °C. The sulfuric acid must be added dropwise or the reaction must be actively cooled because the reaction itself is highly exothermic. CH3CH2OH + H2SO4 → CH3-CH2-O-SO3H + H2O If the temperature exceeds 140 °C, the Diethyl sulfate product tends to react with residual ethanol starting material, producing diethyl ether. If the temperature exceeds 170 °C in a considerable excess of sulfuric acid, the Diethyl sulfate breaks down into ethylene and sulfuric acid. Reactions of Diethyl sulfate The mechanism of the formation of Diethyl sulfate, diethyl ether, and ethylene is based on the reaction between ethanol and sulfuric acid, which involves protonation of the ethanolic oxygen to form the[vague] oxonium ion. Diethyl sulfate accumulates in hair after chronic alcohol consumption and its detection can be used as a biomarker for alcohol consumption. Salts Diethyl sulfate can exist in salt forms, such as sodium Diethyl sulfate, potassium Diethyl sulfate, and calcium Diethyl sulfate. The salt can be formed by adding the according carbonate, or bicarbonate salt. As an example, Diethyl sulfate and potassium carbonate forms potassium Diethyl sulfate and potassium bicarbonate. Ethyl glucuronide and diethyl sulfate are minor metabolites of alcohol that are found in various body fluids and also in human hair. Ethyl glucuronide is formed by the direct conjugation of ethanol and glucuronic acid through the action of a liver enzyme. Diethyl sulfate is formed directly by the conjugation of ethanol with a sulfate group. These compounds are water soluble and can be used as direct alcohol biomarkers. Fatty acid ethyl esters are also direct markers of alcohol abuse because they are formed due to the chemical reaction between fatty acids and alcohol. Fatty acid ethyl esters are formed primarily in the liver and pancreas and then are released into the circulation. These compounds are also incorporated into hair follicles through sebum and can be used as a biomarker of alcohol abuse.
DIETHYL SULPHATE
Diethyl sulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula CAS number 64-67-5.
Diethyl sulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and textile chemicals, and as a finishing agent in textile production.
Diethyl sulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.

CAS Number: 64-67-5
EC Number: 200-589-6
Chemical formula: C4H10O4S
Molar mass: 154.18 g·mol−1

Synonyms: Diethyl sulfate, 64-67-5, Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester, Diethyl sulphate, DIETHYLSULFATE, Diaethylsulfat, Sulfuric acid diethyl ester, UNII-K0FO4VFA7I, Diethylester kyseliny sirove, NSC 56380, K0FO4VFA7I, CHEBI:34699, MFCD00009099, DSSTox_CID_4045, DSSTox_RID_77265, DSSTox_GSID_24045, Diethyl tetraoxosulfate, Diaethylsulfat, DES (VAN), CAS-64-67-5, CCRIS 242, HSDB 1636, Diethylester kyseliny sirove, EINECS 200-589-6, UN1594, diethylsulphate, diethyl-sulphate, AI3-15355, diethylsulfuric acid, EtOSO3Et, Diethyl sulfate, 98%, EC 200-589-6, SCHEMBL1769, WLN: 2OSWO2, Sulphuric acid diethyl ester, BIDD:ER0594, CHEMBL163100, DTXSID1024045, BCP25766, NSC56380, ZINC1686883, Tox21_202402, Tox21_300169, NSC-56380, STL268863, AKOS009157686, MCULE-1621267036, UN 1594, Diethyl sulfate, NCGC00164138-01, NCGC00164138-02, NCGC00164138-03, NCGC00253940-01, NCGC00259951-01, M292, D0525, FT-0624858, Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester;Diethyl sulphate, Q421338, J-520306, F0001-1737, DES, Diaethylsulfat, diethyl sulphate, diethyl tetraoxosulfate, diethylsulfate, Et2SO4, ethyl sulfate, sulfuric acid diethyl ester, sulphuric acid diethyl ester, 200-589-6, 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, compound with diethyl sulfate, 64-67-5, Diaethylsulfat, DIETHYL MONOSULFATE, Diethyl sulfate, Diethylester kyseliny sirove, Diethylsulfat, MFCD00009099, Sulfate de diéthyle, Sulfuric acid diethyl ester, Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester, [64-67-5], 2OSWO2, DES (VAN), Diaethylsulfat, DIETHYL SULPHATE, DIETHYL TETRAOXOSULFATE, diethylsulfate, ethyl ethoxysulfonate, Sulfuric acid diethyl ester, Ethyl sulfate, Sulphuric acid diethyl ester, SULPHURIC ACIDDIETHYL ESTER, UN 1594

Diethyl sulfate is a highly toxic, combustible, and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with the formula (C2H5)2SO4.
Diethyl sulfate occurs as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odor and is corrosive to tissue and metals.

Diethyl sulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Diethyl sulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles.

Diethyl sulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula CAS number 64-67-5.
Diethyl sulfate occurs as a colorless viscous liquid with a peppermint odor.

Diethyl sulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.

Diethyl sulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and textile chemicals, and as a finishing agent in textile production.
Diethyl sulfate is anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

A nested case control study of 17 benign brain tumours in workers at a petrochemical plant found the risk of brain cancer to be associated with exposure to diethyl sulfate.
Diethyl sulfate is reported to cause tumours both locally and systemically

Evidence in animals and humans suggest that carcinogenicity may be due to a mutagenic mode of action.
However, insufficient data exists to recommend a suitable TWA.

Diethyl sulfate is a highly toxic, combustible, and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with the formula (C2H5)2SO4.
Diethyl sulfate occurs as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odor and is corrosive to tissue and metals.

Diethyl sulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Diethyl sulfate is also used as a potent ethylating agent.
Diethyl sulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles.

Diethyl sulfate, also known as DES, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sulfuric acid diesters.
These are organic compounds containing the sulfuric acid diester functional group with the generic structure ROS(OR')(=O)=O, (R,R'=organyl group).

Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Diethyl sulfate.
Diethyl sulfate has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).

Diethyl sulfate is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or Diethyl sulfate derivatives.
Technically Diethyl sulfate is part of the human exposome.

The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.
An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.

Diethyl sulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 tonnes per annum.
Diethyl sulfate is used at industrial sites.

Diethyl Sulfate is a colorless, corrosive, oily liquid that darkens with age and has a faint peppermint odor.
Diethyl sulfate is mainly used as an ethylating agent in organic synthesis and in the dye and textile manufacturing.

Exposure to this substance results in severe irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Diethyl sulfate is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and may be associated with developing laryngeal cancer.

Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate.
No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of diethyl sulfate in humans.

In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate.
In one study, rats orally exposed to diethyl sulfate developed tumors in the forestomach.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen.
Diethyl sulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula (C2H5)2SO4.

Diethyl sulfate occurs as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odor and is corrosive.
Diethyl sulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Diethyl sulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles

Diethyl sulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula (C2H5)2SO4.
Diethyl sulfate occurs as a colourless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odour and is corrosive.
Diethyl sulphate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.

Diethyl sulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles.
Diethyl sulfate can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol.

Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and thus is genotoxic.

Diethyl sulfate is a colorless liquid with formula (C2H5)2SO4.
Diethyl sulfate has a peppermint odor with a melting point of about -25 ℃ and boiling point of 209.5 ℃ where Diethyl sulfate decomposes.
When heated or mixed with hot water, irritant fumes is released.

Diethyl sulfate does not dissolve in water, but is miscible with alcohol, ether and most polar organic solvents.
Diethyl sulfate exists in the atmosphere in the gas phase.

Diethyl sulfate will react with hydroxyl radical and has a short lifetime in the atmosphere where Diethyl sulfate will decompose into ethyl sulfate hydrogen sulfate and ethanol.
Upon heating or mixing with hot water, diethyl sulfate will decompose into ethyl hydrogen sulfate and alcohol.

Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate.
In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate.

Diethyl sulfate is a substance classified to the group of carcinogens.
The value of maximum admissible concentration for this substance in workplace air is not specified in Poland.

Due to the use of Diethyl sulfate in domestic companies there is a need to develop a sensitive method for the determination of diethyl sulfate in the work environment.
Studies were performed using gas chromatography (GC) technique.

An Agilent Technologies chromatograph, series 7890A, with a mass selective detector was used in the experiment.
Separation was performed on a capillary column with Rtx-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm).

The possibility of using sorbent tubes filled with activated carbon (100 mg/50 mg), silica gel (100 mg/50 mg) and Porapak Q (150 mg/75 mg) for absorption of diethyl sulphate was investigated.
The method of sampling air containing diethyl sulfate was developed.

Among the sorbents to absorb Diethyl sulfate Porapak Q was chosen.
Determination of the adsorbed vapor includes desorption of Diethyl sulfate, using dichloromethane/methanol mixture (95:5, v/v) and chromatographic analysis of so obtained solution.

Method is linear (r = 0.999) within the investigated working range of 0.27- -5.42 µg/ml, which is an equivalent to air concentrations 0.0075-0.15 mg/m3 for a 36 l air sample.
The analytical method described in this paper allows for selective determination of diethyl sulfate in the workplace air in the presence of dimethyl sulfate, ethanol, dichloromethane, triethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, and triethylenetetramine.

The invention provides a method used for preparing diethyl sulfate.
According to the method, a mixed solution containing ethyl hydrogen sulfate and/or diethyl sulfate is delivered through reaction distillation surface at a certain temperature, and at the same time, reduced pressure distillation is carried out, so that diethyl sulfate in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is separated rapidly, waste sulfuric acid in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is collected in a waste liquid collector, and ethanol is collected in a tail gas collector.
Recycling of waste sulfuric acid and collected ethanol can be realized; the method is low in cost; and no waste acid is discharged.

Optimization of the method for the determination of diethyl sulfate at workplaces
Diethyl sulfate is a substance classified to the group of carcinogens.

The value of maximum admissible concentration for this substance in workplace air is not specified in Poland.
Due to the use of Diethyl sulfate in domestic companies there is a need to develop a sensitive method for the determination of diethyl sulfate in the work environment.

Studies were performed using gas chromatography (GC) technique.
An Agilent Technologies chromatograph, series 7890A, with a mass selective detector was used in the experiment.

Separation was performed on a capillary column with Rtx-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm).
The possibility of using sorbent tubes filled with activated carbon (100 mg/50 mg), silica gel (100 mg/50 mg) and Porapak Q (150 mg/75 mg) for absorption of diethyl sulphate was investigated.

The method of sampling air containing diethyl sulfate was developed.
Among the sorbents to absorb Diethyl sulfate Porapak Q was chosen.

Determination of the adsorbed vapor includes desorption of Diethyl sulfate, using dichloromethane/methanol mixture (95:5, v/v) and chromatographic analysis of so obtained solution.
Method is linear (r = 0.999) within the investigated working range of 0.27- -5.42 μg/ml, which is an equivalent to air concentrations 0.0075-0.15 mg/m3 for a 36 l air sample.

The analytical method described in this paper allows for selective determination of diethyl sulfate in the workplace air in the presence of dimethyl sulfate, ethanol, dichloromethane, triethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, and triethylenetetramine.

Diethyl Sulfate Market: Introduction
Diethyl sulfate is also known as diethyl monosulfate and sulfuric acid diethyl ester.
Diethyl sulfate is colorless liquid with faint peppermint odor.
Diethyl sulfate is an industrial solvent, which is highly carcinogenic.

Diethyl sulfate is considered a highly toxic chemical compound.
Diethyl sulfate possesses highly corrosive properties for metals.

Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent.
Diethyl sulfate is primarily employed in the formation of ethyl derivatives such as amine, thiols, phenols, and other derivatives.

Diethyl sulfate is widely used in chemical formulation as a chemical intermediate compound.
Diethyl sulfate has industrial applications in dyes, textiles, and coating manufacturing.
Key applications of diethyl sulfate include personal care products, pharmaceuticals, detergents, flavors, and fragrances.

Increase in demand for chemical intermediates in the production of hair dyes, textile dyes, and other pigments is anticipated to fuel the demand for diethyl sulfate during the forecast period.
Growth in the pharmaceutical industry, owing to the rise in demand for generic drugs and medicines, is projected to boost the demand for chemical intermediates such as diethyl sulfate in the next few years.

Diethyl sulfate is highly toxic.
Exposure to diethyl sulfate may cause eye irritation, skin rashes, and breathing problems.
This is a key factors estimated to hamper the global diethyl sulfate market in the next few years.

Diethyl Sulfate Market: Segmentation
In terms of application, the global diethyl sulfate market can be divided into alkylating agent, chemical intermediates, and others.
The alkylating agent segment is projected to hold major share of the global diethyl sulfate market during the forecast period.

Diethyl sulfate is majorly used in the synthesis of amines, thiols, and phenol derivatives in various applications.
This is likely to propel the demand for diethyl sulfate in the next few years.

Based on end-user industry, the diethyl sulfate market can be segmented into dyes and textiles, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and personal care.
The dyes and textiles segment is projected to constitute key share of the market in the near future.

Diethyl sulfate is used in the synthesis of textile dyes in several countries.
This is likely to fuel the demand for diethyl sulfate in the near future.

Diethyl Sulfate Market: Region-wise Outlook
Based on region, the global diethyl sulfate market can be split into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa.
North America and Europe are expected to constitute major share, after Asia Pacific, during the forecast period.
The U.S., Germany, and France have strong presence of major dye manufacturing companies that use diethyl sulfate.

In terms of volume, Asia Pacific is anticipated to hold leading share of the market during the forecast period.
Strong presence of chemical companies with well-established distribution network spread across the globe is driving the diethyl sulfate market in the region.

The Diethyl sulfate market in Latin America and Middle East & Africa is likely to expand at a sluggish pace in the next few years.
Increase in rapid industrialization in Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa is anticipated to boost the diethyl sulfate market in these countries during the forecast period.

Uses of Diethyl sulfate:
Diethyl sulphate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Diethyl sulfate is used to manufacture dyes and textiles.

Diethyl sulfate can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol.
Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and thus is genotoxic.

Diethyl sulfate is used chiefly as an ethylating agent in organic synthesis.
The principal uses are as an intermediate in dye manufacture, as an ethylating agent in pigment production, as a finishing agent in textile manufacture and as a dye-set agent in carbonless paper.
Smaller applications are in agricultural chemicals, in household products, in the pharmaceutical and cosme tic industries, as a laboratory reagent, as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in sorne sulfonation processes

Diethyl sulfate can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of:
Biologically active compounds such as bispyrazole, pyrazolopyrimidine and pyridine containing antipyrinyl moieties.

N-substituted-2-styryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones.
Ionic liquids with pyrrolidinium, piperidinium and morpholinium cations, having potential applications as electrolytes.

The primary use of diethyl sulfate is as a chemical intermediate (ethylating agent) in synthesis of ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; and in some sulfonation processes.
Diethyl sulfate is used to manufacture dyes, pigments, carbonless paper, and textiles.

Diethyl sulfate is an intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the preparation of synthetic ethanol from ethylene.
Smaller quantities are used in household products, cosmetics, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and laboratory reagents.
In 1966, Diethyl sulfate was used as a mutagen to create the Luther variety of barley.

Diethyl sulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent, and also as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in some sulfonations.
Diethyl sulfate is also a chemical intermediate for ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols, and as an alkylating agent.

Diethyl sulfate is used mainly to make dyes; Also used as an ethylating agent (pigment production), a finishing agent (textile manufacturing), a dye-set agent (carbonless paper), and an accelerator (sulfation of ethylene); Also used in agricultural chemicals, household products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

As an ethylating agent; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; intermediate in the production by one method of ethyl alcohol from ethylene and sulfuric acid

The principal uses are as an intermediate in dye manufacture, as an ethylating agent in pigment production, as a finishing agent in textile manufacture and as a dye-set agent in carbonless paper.
Smaller applications are in agricultural chemicals, in household products, in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as a laboratory reagent, as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in some sulfonation processes.

Chemical intermediate for ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols and as an alkylating agent.
Chiefly as an ethylating agent; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; in some sulfonations.

Industry Uses of Diethyl sulfate:
Finishing agents,
Intermediates,
Processing aids, not otherwise listed,
Surface active agents.

Consumer Uses of Diethyl sulfate:
Cleaning and furnishing care products,
Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere,
Paper products.

Manufacturing process of Diethyl sulfate:
Diethyl sulfate is produced from ethylene and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Ethylene gas is bubbled through a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Diethyl sulfate can also be produced by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid into a solution of ethyl alcohol or ethyl ether.

Methods of Manufacturing of Diethyl sulfate:
Prepared from ethanol + sulfuric acid; by absorption of ethylene in sulfuric acid; from diethyl ether and fuming sulfuric acid.

General Manufacturing Information of Diethyl sulfate:

Industry Processing Sectors of Diethyl sulfate:
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing,
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities,
Paper manufacturing,
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing,
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing.

Could be used as a mutagenic agent to produce a new variety of barley called Luther; however, no evidence was found that Diethyl sulfate is presently being used commercially for this purpose.

Method used for preparing Diethyl sulfate:
The invention provides a method used for preparing diethyl sulfate.
According to the method, a mixed solution containing ethyl hydrogen sulfate and/or diethyl sulfate is delivered through reaction distillation surface at a certain temperature, and at the same time, reduced pressure distillation is carried out, so that diethyl sulfate in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is separated rapidly, waste sulfuric acid in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is collected in a waste liquid collector, and ethanol is collected in a tail gas collector.
Recycling of waste sulfuric acid and collected ethanol can be realized; the method is low in cost; and no waste acid is discharged.

Ethyl sulfate is a kind of important ethylating agent, is also the important intermediate of the industry such as organic chemical industry, agricultural chemicals, medicine.
Because boiling point is high, carrying out ethylation reaction does not need high pressure, and therefore Diethyl sulfate can as a kind of desirable ethylating agent.
Prepare ethyl sulfate and have multiple method, be summed up several as follows: sulfuryl chloride-Ethanol Method, chlorsulfonic acid-Ethanol Method, ether-sulphate method, sulfuryl chloride-ethanol-sodium-chlor method, sulfuryl chloride-thionyl chloride-Ethanol Method, sulfuric acid-ethylene process, sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method.

In most cases all need in aforesaid method with underpressure distillation operation, ethyl sulfate to be distilled, and the remainder after distillation contains sulfuric acid.
The roughly similar process of sulfuric acid-ethylene process and sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method, carries out all in two steps.

For sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method, the first step is by sulfuric acid and ethanol mixing, because the reaction of sulfuric acid and ethanol is a reversible reaction, main containing resultant vinic acid in the mixture obtained, water, unreacted sulfuric acid and unreacted ethanol, generally the content of vinic acid is generally in the scope of 20-60%; Second step is by the underpressure distillation at 120-180 DEG C of this mixture, and in this process, vinic acid reacts and generates product ethyl sulfate, is depressurized simultaneously and distills.
In this process, if ethyl sulfate can not be distilled out in time, the transformation efficiency that vinic acid is converted into ethyl sulfate will reduce, simultaneously because sulfuric acid produces many side reactions at oxidation at high temperatures very good general.

For sulfuric acid-ethylene process, the first step is that ethene passes in sulfuric acid in certain temperature, main containing ethyl sulfate in the mixture obtained by this process, vinic acid and sulfuric acid, according to document (Zhang Yue edits.
The diagram of fine-chemical intermediate preparation flow, Chemical Industry Press, 1999, pp372 ~ 374), in mixture, content is about the ethyl sulfate of 43%, the vinic acid of 45%, the sulfuric acid of 12%; Second step is similar with sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method, is also underpressure distillation at 120-180 DEG C.No matter describe from said process, be sulfuric acid-Ethanol Method, or sulfuric acid-ethylene process all needs the mixture of the compounds such as sulfur acid hydrogen ethyl ester, sulfuric acid react under heating and distill out product ethyl sulfate.
Meanwhile, after distilling out ethyl sulfate, remaining part is mainly containing sulfuric acid.

The method of current bibliographical information adopts still distillation, and in the preparation of ethyl sulfate, this distillation efficiency is low, product ethyl sulfate can not be distilled in time.
In this case, due to too many containing pre-reaction liquid such as sulfuric acid in still, along with ethyl sulfate is distilled out, remaining ethyl sulfate is fewer and feweri, product ethyl sulfate is difficult to evaporate from a large amount of sulfuric acid, so just has many products and remains at the bottom of still and can not be distilled out; Again due to sulfuric acid at high temperature have strong oxygenizement, make this step react in still-process, produce a lot of side reaction, thus the yield of product is low.
Preparation cost is high, and the spent acid produced is many.

According to the literature, the ethyl sulfate that still distillation method often prepares a ton approximately produces the spent acid sulfuric acid of 2 tons.
Owing to being heated for a long time in still, containing many carbonization materials in the Waste Sulfuric Acid of gained, make this Waste Sulfuric Acid be the brown shape of thickness, the value of recycling is very low, generally can only abandon as refuse, will cause very large pollution like this.
So up to the present, domestic also do not have one can prepare ethyl sulfate to mass-producing.

Preparation of Diethyl sulfate:
Diethyl sulfate can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol and is purified using rectification in vacuo.
This can be done on a large enough scale for commercial production.
Diethyl sulfate can then be purchased as a technical product or for use in a laboratory setting with 99.5% purity or 95% to 98% purity respectively.

Pharmacological Classification of Diethyl sulfate:

Alkylating Agents of Diethyl sulfate:
Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning.
Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions.
They have also been used as components in poison gases.

Mutagens of Diethyl sulfate:
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids.
A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

Application of Diethyl sulfate:
Commercial manufacture of diethyl sulfate starts with ethylene and 96 wt% sulfuric acid heated at 60°C.
The resulting mixture of 43 wt% diethyl sulfate, 45 wt% ethyl hydrogen sulfate and 12 wt% sulfuric acid is heated with anhydrous sodium sulfate under vacuum, and diethyl sulfate is obtained in 86% yield; the commercial product is ~ 99% pure.
Dilution of the ethylene-sulfuric acid concentrate with water and extraction gives a 35% yield.

ln the reaction of ethylene with sulfuric acid, losses can occur due to several side reactions, incIuding oxidation, hydrolysis-dehydration and polymerization, especially at sulfuric acid concentrations ~ 98 wt%.
Diethyl sulfate is believed to be produced commercially by two companies, one in the
USA and one in Japan.

Annual US production is estimated at 5000 tonnes.
Diethyl sulfate is an intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the production of ethanol involving ethylene and sulfuric acid.
The reaction of ethylene with sulfurIc acid is complex, and water plays a major role in determining the concentrations of the intermediate alkyl sulfates.

In Canada, Diethyl sulfate is mainly used to make other chemicals which are then used in the manufacturing of softeners used to increase absorbency of tissue paper.
Diethyl sulphate may also be used to make products used in the manufacturing of a variety of other substances and products, including dyes, fragrances, and quaternary ammonium salts used as surfactants or flocculants in water treatment.

Diethyl sulfate may also be used as an ethylating agent in the manufacture of commercial products such as sanitizers and organoclays.
Based on the most recent data available, diethyl sulfate is not manufactured in Canada, but is imported into Canada.

The silkworms of NB4D2 variety were treated with chemical mutagen Diethyl sulphate.
Thelarvae were subjected to two methods of treatments i.e., oral administration of the chemical mutagen and by injectionof 8mM and 10mM concentrations of chemical mutagen through body wall.
The lethal effect of the mutagen wasstudied in the subsequent generation.

The effect was drastic on structure & morphology of the meiotic chromosomes.
Many structural, physiological and numerical aberrations were observed and documented.
Certain numerical changessuch as induction of polyploids were attributed to the improvements observed in the expression of commercialcharacters in the silkworm

Diethyl sulfate can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of:
Biologically active compounds such as bispyrazole, pyrazolopyrimidine and pyridine containing antipyrinyl moieties.

N-substituted-2-styryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones.
Ionic liquids with pyrrolidinium, piperidinium and morpholinium cations, having potential applications as electrolytes.

Diethyl sulfate can also be used as an alkylating agent to synthesize 1-alkyl/aralkyl-2-(1-arylsufonylalkyl)benzimidazoles and an ionic liquid ethylmethylimidazole ethylsulfate.

Properties of Diethyl sulfate:
Diethyl sulfate is moisture sensitive liquid.
Heating can lead to release of toxic gases and vapors.

Diethyl sulfate gets darker over time.
Diethyl sulfate forms ethyl alcohol, ethyl sulfate, and eventually sulfuric acid when exposed to water.
Diethyl sulfate is also combustible; when burned, sulfur oxides, ether, and ethylene are produced.

Chemical Properties:
Diethyl sulfate is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint- like odor, which darkens with age.
Diethyl sulfate is miscible with alcohol and ether.
At higher temperatures, Diethyl sulfate rapidly decomposes into monoethyl sulfate and alcohol

Handling and Storage of Diethyl sulfate:

Nonfire Spill Response of Diethyl sulfate:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
Stop leak if you can do Diethyl sulfate without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Safe Storage:
Separated from food and feedstuffs.
Keep in a well-ventilated room.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Safety of Diethyl sulfate:
Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data.
Poison by inhalation and subcutaneous routes.

Moderately toxic by ingestion and sktn contact.
A severe skin irritant.

An experimental teratogen.
Mutation data reported.
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.

Moisture causes liberation of H2SO4.
Violent reaction with potassium tert-butoxide.
Reacts violently with 3,8-dnitro-6-phenylphenanthridine + water.

Reaction with iron + water forms explosive hydrogen gas.
zTo fight fire, use alcohol foam, H2O foam, CO2, dry chemicals.

When heated to decomposition Diethyl sulfate emits toxic fumes of SOx.
See also SULFATES.

Storage Conditions:
Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for expt need to be carried.
Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties) that bears appropriate label.

An inventory should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date Diethyl sulfate was acquired.
Facilities for dispensing should be contiguous to storage area.

First Aid of Diethyl sulfate:

INHHALATION:
Remove to fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES OR SKIN:
Irrigate with running water for at least 15 min.; hold eyelids open if neccessary.
Consult an ophthamologist immediately.
Wash skin with soap and water.

Speed in removing material from skin is of extreme importance.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site.

Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature.
Effects may be delayed; keep victim under observation.

INGESTION:
If victim is conscious, give victim two glasses of water and have victim induce vomiting.

Fire Fighting of Diethyl sulfate:

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do Diethyl sulfate without risk.

Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Diethyl sulfate:
Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray.

Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.

Isolation and Evacuation of Diethyl sulfate:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Diethyl sulfate:

Personal protection:
Complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cleanup Methods of Diethyl sulfate:
A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms.
Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially.
Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal.

The plastic bag should be sealed immediately.
The sealed bag should be labelled properly.

Waste liquids should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal.
The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled.

Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface is not contaminated.
The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled.
Broken glassware should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators.

Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk.
Use water spray to cool & disperse vapors, & protect personnel.

Approach release from upwind.
Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.
Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary.

Disposal Methods of Diethyl sulfate:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste.
Summary of avail methods & recommendations given must be treated as guide only.

Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt.
However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose.

The most efficient type is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air: fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air.
Some are designed to accept aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise Diethyl sulfate is necessary to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust.
Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities are to be destroyed in laboratory.

HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters can be disposed of by incineration.
For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator.

LIQUID WASTE:
Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ensure complete combustion.

SOLID WASTE:
Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites.

Preventive Measures of Diethyl sulfate:
Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory.
All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used.
They should wash hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse thoroughly.

Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant.
No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided.
Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting.

In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection.
Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection.
If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab.

Operations connected with synth & purification should be carried out under well-ventilated hood.
Analytical procedures should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during procedures should be removed.
Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used & when new fume cupboards are installed.

Diethyl sulfate is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without powder being blown around the hood.
Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure.
Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur.

Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight.
Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used.

Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to Diethyl sulfate, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured.
This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes.

Identifiers of Diethyl sulfate:
CAS Number: 64-67-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:34699
ChEMBL: ChEMBL163100
ChemSpider: 5931
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.536
KEGG: C14706
PubChem CID: 6163
RTECS number: WS7875000
UNII: K0FO4VFA7I
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1024045
InChI:
InChI=1S/C4H10O4S/c1-3-7-9(5,6)8-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3
Key: DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C4H10O4S/c1-3-7-9(5,6)8-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3
Key: DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYAR
SMILES: O=S(=O)(OCC)OCC

Properties of Diethyl sulfate:
Chemical formula: C4H10O4S
Molar mass: 154.18 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.2 g/mL
Melting point: −25 °C (−13 °F; 248 K)
Boiling point: 209 °C (408 °F; 482 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: decomposes in water
Vapor pressure: 0.29 mm Hg
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -86.8·10−6 cm3/mol

Molecular Weight: 154.19
XLogP3: 1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 154.02997997
Monoisotopic Mass: 154.02997997
Topological Polar Surface Area: 61 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 130
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Quality Level: 200
vapor density: 5.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure:
2 mmHg ( 55 °C)
assay: 98%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.399 (lit.)
bp: 208 °C (lit.)
mp: −24 °C (lit.)
density: 1.177 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

Related compounds of Diethyl sulfate:
Dimethyl sulfate
diethyl sulfite

Names of Diethyl sulfate:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Diethyl sulfate

Other names:
Sulfuric acid diethyl ester

Translated names:
diethyl-sulfát
diethylsulfat
Diethylsulfat
dietil sulfat
dietil sulfat
dietil-sulfat
dietil-szulfát
dietilsolfato
dietilsulfatas
dietilsulfāts
dietyl-sulfát
dietylsulfat
dietylsulfat
Dietyylisulfaatti
Dietüülsulfaat
diHethylsulfaat
siarczan dietylu
sulfate de diéthyle
sulfato de dietilo
sulfato de dietilo
θειικός διαιθυλεστέρας
диетил сулфат
CAS names
Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester

IUPAC names:
DIETHYL SULFATE
Diethyl Sulfate
Diethyl sulfate
diethyl sulfate
Diethyl sulfate
DIETHYL SULPHATE
Diethyl Sulphate
Diethyl sulphate
diethyl sulphate
Diethyl sulphate
Diethyl sulphate REACH registration SCC < 1000 tpy DKSH Marketing Services Spain S.A.U.
Diethylsulfat
Sulfuric acid diethyl ester
DIETHYL TOLUENE DIAMINE

Diethyl toluene diamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C11H18N2.
Diethyl toluene diamine is a type of diamine and is also known by its systematic IUPAC name, N,N'-diethyl-1,3-benzenediamine.

CAS Number: 68479-98-1
EC Number: 270-877-4

Synonyms: DETDA, N,N'-Diethyl-m-phenylenediamine, Ethacure 100, Ethacure 300, DAB 9, DAB-9, Ethacure 100S, Ethacure 300S, DETDA, Diethyltoluenediamine, Ethacure 100, Ethacure 300, DAB 9, DAB-9, Ethacure 100S, Ethacure 300S, Diethyl-m-phenylenediamine, Diethyltoluene diamine, 1,3-Benzenediamine, N,N'-diethyl-, N,N'-Diethyl-1,3-benzenediamine, Ethyltoluenediamine, Diethylbenzenediamine, Diethyltoluol diamine, Diethyldiaminotoluene, Diethylbenzene diamine, Diethyl toluene diamine, Diethyl toluene diamine, Ethyl toluate diamine



APPLICATIONS


Diethyl toluene diamine is widely used as a curing agent in the production of polyurethane elastomers.
Diethyl toluene diamine is employed in coatings and adhesives industries for its ability to provide fast curing times and excellent mechanical properties.
Diethyl toluene diamine is crucial in manufacturing polyurethane coatings used for corrosion protection in marine and industrial environments.

In the automotive sector, Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethanes are used for producing durable and scratch-resistant coatings on vehicle surfaces.
Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the formulation of polyurethane sealants, ensuring strong adhesion and sealing properties.
Diethyl toluene diamine-modified polyurethane adhesives are utilized in bonding applications where high strength and flexibility are required.

Diethyl toluene diamine is used in the construction industry for manufacturing polyurethane flooring systems that offer abrasion resistance and durability.
Diethyl toluene diamine is employed in the production of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams used in furniture and bedding industries.
Diethyl toluene diamine is used in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing rollers and conveyor belts with excellent wear resistance.

Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane coatings are applied in aerospace applications for their lightweight properties and corrosion resistance.
Diethyl toluene diamine is utilized in the manufacture of industrial coatings and linings to protect surfaces from chemicals, abrasion, and weathering.

Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the production of molded polyurethane parts used in various engineering and manufacturing sectors.
In electrical and electronic industries, Diethyl toluene diamine-modified polyurethanes are used for encapsulating and protecting sensitive components.

Diethyl toluene diamine is employed in the formulation of polyurethane adhesives for bonding substrates such as metals, plastics, and composites.
Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane systems are used in marine applications for producing coatings that withstand harsh marine environments.

Diethyl toluene diamine is utilized in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing wheels, bushings, and other industrial components.
Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the production of sport and recreational equipment due to its impact resistance and durability.

Diethyl toluene diamine is used in the medical sector for manufacturing polyurethane materials used in prosthetics and medical devices.
Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane coatings are applied in the construction of bridges and infrastructure for corrosion protection and longevity.
Diethyl toluene diamine is employed in the formulation of polyurethane adhesives for assembling automotive parts and components.

Diethyl toluene diamine-modified polyurethanes are used in the textile industry for producing water-resistant and durable fabrics and coatings.
Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the formulation of polyurethane coatings for architectural and decorative applications.
Diethyl toluene diamine is utilized in the production of polyurethane elastomers for producing gaskets, seals, and industrial components.

Diethyl toluene diamine is used in the formulation of polyurethane potting compounds and encapsulants for protecting electronic and electrical assemblies.
Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane systems are utilized in the manufacturing of footwear and accessories for their durability and comfort.

Diethyl toluene diamine is used in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing resilient and impact-resistant industrial wheels and rollers.
Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the production of polyurethane coatings for metal substrates in automotive and machinery industries.
Diethyl toluene diamine-modified polyurethane systems are employed in the construction of pipelines and storage tanks for chemical resistance.

Diethyl toluene diamine is utilized in the formulation of polyurethane adhesives and sealants for bonding and sealing construction joints.
Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane materials are used in the aerospace sector for manufacturing lightweight and durable aircraft components.
Diethyl toluene diamine is employed in the production of polyurethane membranes and films used in waterproofing applications.

Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the formulation of polyurethane coatings for concrete surfaces in infrastructure and building restoration projects.
Diethyl toluene diamine is used in the manufacture of polyurethane insulation materials for thermal and acoustic insulation in buildings.

Diethyl toluene diamine-modified polyurethane foams are utilized in the automotive industry for producing comfortable and durable vehicle seats.
Diethyl toluene diamine is employed in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing resilient shock-absorbing materials in sports equipment.
Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane adhesives are used in the woodworking industry for bonding and assembling wooden furniture and structures.

Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the production of polyurethane potting compounds for encapsulating electronic and electrical components.
Diethyl toluene diamine is used in the formulation of polyurethane coatings for industrial machinery and equipment to enhance durability and performance.

Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the formulation of polyurethane sealants for joint sealing in construction and infrastructure projects.
Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane systems are employed in the manufacture of moldings and castings for producing complex shapes and designs.

Diethyl toluene diamine is utilized in the production of polyurethane elastomers used in mining and heavy equipment for wear and impact resistance.
Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the formulation of polyurethane coatings for renewable energy applications such as wind turbine blades.

Diethyl toluene diamine is used in the production of polyurethane adhesives and coatings for assembling and protecting electronic devices and components.
Diethyl toluene diamine-modified polyurethane materials are employed in the automotive sector for producing durable and scratch-resistant vehicle coatings.
Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the formulation of polyurethane foams used in insulation panels for energy-efficient building construction.

Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane systems are used in the production of protective coatings for marine structures and offshore platforms.
Diethyl toluene diamine is utilized in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing resilient conveyor belts and industrial belting systems.
Diethyl toluene diamine finds application in the production of polyurethane coatings for outdoor furniture and playground equipment for weather resistance.

The compound is employed in the formulation of polyurethane adhesives and sealants for bonding and sealing HVAC ducts and systems.
Diethyl toluene diamine-based polyurethane systems are utilized in the manufacture of flexible packaging materials for food and pharmaceutical industries.

Diethyl toluene diamine's compatibility with different polyols and isocyanates allows for customization of polyurethane properties to meet specific application needs.
Due to its effectiveness in crosslinking polyurethane chains, Diethyl toluene diamine is a key component in the production of adhesives and sealants.

Diethyl toluene diamine's stability and reactivity make it suitable for use in both flexible and rigid polyurethane foam applications.
Diethyl toluene diamine formulations are used in flooring systems to achieve superior wear resistance and durability in high-traffic areas.
In industrial applications, Diethyl toluene diamine helps improve the performance of molded polyurethane parts by enhancing their load-bearing capabilities.

Diethyl toluene diamine-modified polyurethanes are employed in the manufacture of conveyor belts and rollers due to their impact resistance and low coefficient of friction.
Diethyl toluene diamine's ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions makes it suitable for marine and offshore coatings.

Diethyl toluene diamine-based adhesives are utilized in bonding substrates where high strength and resilience are essential, such as in automotive assembly.
Diethyl toluene diamine's compatibility with various fillers and additives allows for the enhancement of thermal and electrical properties in polyurethane composites.
In the aerospace industry, Diethyl toluene diamine is employed in the production of lightweight, durable materials for aircraft interiors and components.

Diethyl toluene diamine's effectiveness in maintaining mechanical properties at different temperatures makes it valuable in engineering applications.
Diethyl toluene diamine continues to be researched for its potential in advanced materials, aiming to improve sustainability and performance in diverse industries.



DESCRIPTION


Diethyl toluene diamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C11H18N2.
Diethyl toluene diamine is a type of diamine and is also known by its systematic IUPAC name, N,N'-diethyl-1,3-benzenediamine.
Diethyl toluene diamine is commonly used as a curing agent or crosslinker in the production of polyurethane elastomers and coatings.
Diethyl toluene diamine plays a crucial role in the polymerization process, where it reacts with polyols and diisocyanates to form strong, flexible polyurethane materials.

Diethyl toluene diamine is a versatile chemical compound used primarily as a curing agent in polyurethane applications.
Diethyl toluene diamine is characterized by its molecular structure consisting of a toluene ring with two ethyl groups and two amino groups attached to the benzene ring.
Diethyl toluene diamine is typically a viscous liquid at room temperature, ranging in color from light yellow to amber.

Diethyl toluene diamine is known for its high reactivity in polyurethane systems, facilitating the crosslinking process to produce durable elastomers.
Diethyl toluene diamine plays a crucial role in improving the mechanical strength, flexibility, and abrasion resistance of polyurethane products.

Diethyl toluene diamine is used extensively in industries such as automotive manufacturing, construction, and coatings due to its excellent curing properties.
The chemical structure of Diethyl toluene diamine allows it to form urea linkages with isocyanates and polyols, enhancing the performance and longevity of polyurethane materials.
Diethyl toluene diamine is appreciated for its ability to provide fast curing times and good handling properties in polyurethane formulations.
In polyurethane coatings, Diethyl toluene diamine contributes to enhancing chemical resistance and weatherability, making it suitable for outdoor applications.

Diethyl toluene diamine exhibits moderate toxicity and requires careful handling to prevent skin and eye irritation.
Diethyl toluene diamine is soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate, which facilitates its incorporation into various formulation processes.

Its viscosity and curing kinetics can be adjusted by varying formulation parameters, offering flexibility in product development.
Diethyl toluene diamine is often preferred in applications where high-performance coatings or elastomers with excellent resilience are required.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Viscous liquid
Color: Light yellow to amber
Odor: Characteristic amine odor
Density: Approximately 1.02 g/cm³ at 20°C
Boiling Point: Approximately 330°C
Melting Point: Approximately -15°C
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C11H18N2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 178.28 g/mol
Structural Formula:
Diethyl toluene diamine has a benzene ring with two ethyl groups (diethyl) and two amino groups (diamine) attached to different positions on the ring.
CAS Number: 68479-98-1
EC Number: 270-877-4
Reactivity: Reacts with isocyanates and polyols to form polyurethane polymers.
Acidity/Basicity: Basic compound due to amino groups.
Flammability: Non-flammable under normal conditions.
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable liquid).
Autoignition Temperature: Not determined.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If Diethyl toluene diamine fumes are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air.

Provide Oxygen:
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if trained to do so.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek medical attention immediately. Keep the person calm and reassured.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Remove any contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.

Flush with Water:
Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Use Mild Soap:
Use a mild soap and avoid scrubbing to prevent skin irritation.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation persists or develops, seek medical attention promptly.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.

Continue Flushing:
Continue flushing for at least 15 minutes, ensuring water reaches under eyelids.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, even if symptoms such as redness or irritation are not present.


Ingestion:

Do NOT Induce Vomiting
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide medical personnel with product information and SDS if available.


General First Aid Advice:

Personal Protection:
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and clothing, when handling Diethyl toluene diamine.

Medical Attention:
Ensure that all exposed personnel receive medical attention regardless of the severity of exposure.

Documentation:
Keep records of the incident, including exposure details, symptoms, and medical treatment provided.

Emergency Contacts:
Have emergency contact numbers readily available for medical professionals and poison control centers.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing (long sleeves and pants) when handling Diethyl toluene diamine.
Use respiratory protection (such as a NIOSH-approved respirator) if ventilation is inadequate or if handling in enclosed spaces.


Engineering Controls:

Use local exhaust ventilation systems to minimize exposure to airborne vapors or mists.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the workplace to maintain air quality and reduce inhalation risks.


Avoid Direct Contact:

Avoid skin and eye contact with Diethyl toluene diamine. In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.


Handling Precautions:

Handle Diethyl toluene diamine in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to minimize exposure to vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Diethyl toluene diamine, and wash hands thoroughly after handling.


Spill and Leak Procedures:

In case of a spill, contain the spill immediately using absorbent materials and prevent entry into waterways or sewers.
Wear appropriate PPE during cleanup and follow spill cleanup procedures as outlined in the SDS (Safety Data Sheet).


Storage Compatibility:

Store Diethyl toluene diamine in tightly closed containers away from sources of ignition, heat, and direct sunlight.
Ensure storage area is cool, dry, well-ventilated, and away from incompatible materials (such as strong oxidizing agents).


Storage:

Container Type:

Use containers made of chemical-resistant materials such as stainless steel, polyethylene, or glass.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and contamination.


Temperature and Humidity:

Store Diethyl toluene diamine at ambient temperatures. Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.
Maintain storage conditions that prevent excessive humidity or moisture ingress.


Segregation:

Store Diethyl toluene diamine away from acids, alkalis, strong oxidizing agents, and other incompatible chemicals to prevent reactions or contamination.


Labeling and Documentation:

Clearly label containers with product name, hazard warnings, handling precautions, and emergency contact information.
Keep up-to-date SDS readily available for reference by personnel handling or responding to emergencies.


Handling Guidance:

Train personnel on safe handling practices, emergency procedures, and proper use of PPE when working with Diethyl toluene diamine.
Periodically inspect storage areas for leaks, spills, or signs of deterioration in containers.


Emergency Response Preparedness:

Have spill control measures, fire extinguishing equipment, and emergency eyewash stations readily accessible in areas where Diethyl toluene diamine is handled or stored.
DIETHYL TOLUENE DIAMINE (DETDA)

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C11H18N2.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is a type of diamine and is also known by its systematic IUPAC name, N,N'-diethyl-1,3-benzenediamine.

CAS Number: 68479-98-1
EC Number: 270-877-4

Synonyms: DETDA, N,N'-Diethyl-m-phenylenediamine, Ethacure 100, Ethacure 300, DAB 9, DAB-9, Ethacure 100S, Ethacure 300S, DETDA, Diethyltoluenediamine, Ethacure 100, Ethacure 300, DAB 9, DAB-9, Ethacure 100S, Ethacure 300S, Diethyl-m-phenylenediamine, Diethyltoluene diamine, 1,3-Benzenediamine, N,N'-diethyl-, N,N'-Diethyl-1,3-benzenediamine, Ethyltoluenediamine, Diethylbenzenediamine, Diethyltoluol diamine, Diethyldiaminotoluene, Diethylbenzene diamine, Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA), Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA), Ethyl toluate diamine



APPLICATIONS


Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is widely used as a curing agent in the production of polyurethane elastomers.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is employed in coatings and adhesives industries for its ability to provide fast curing times and excellent mechanical properties.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is crucial in manufacturing polyurethane coatings used for corrosion protection in marine and industrial environments.

In the automotive sector, Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethanes are used for producing durable and scratch-resistant coatings on vehicle surfaces.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the formulation of polyurethane sealants, ensuring strong adhesion and sealing properties.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-modified polyurethane adhesives are utilized in bonding applications where high strength and flexibility are required.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used in the construction industry for manufacturing polyurethane flooring systems that offer abrasion resistance and durability.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is employed in the production of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams used in furniture and bedding industries.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing rollers and conveyor belts with excellent wear resistance.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane coatings are applied in aerospace applications for their lightweight properties and corrosion resistance.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is utilized in the manufacture of industrial coatings and linings to protect surfaces from chemicals, abrasion, and weathering.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the production of molded polyurethane parts used in various engineering and manufacturing sectors.
In electrical and electronic industries, Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-modified polyurethanes are used for encapsulating and protecting sensitive components.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is employed in the formulation of polyurethane adhesives for bonding substrates such as metals, plastics, and composites.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane systems are used in marine applications for producing coatings that withstand harsh marine environments.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is utilized in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing wheels, bushings, and other industrial components.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the production of sport and recreational equipment due to its impact resistance and durability.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used in the medical sector for manufacturing polyurethane materials used in prosthetics and medical devices.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane coatings are applied in the construction of bridges and infrastructure for corrosion protection and longevity.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is employed in the formulation of polyurethane adhesives for assembling automotive parts and components.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-modified polyurethanes are used in the textile industry for producing water-resistant and durable fabrics and coatings.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the formulation of polyurethane coatings for architectural and decorative applications.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is utilized in the production of polyurethane elastomers for producing gaskets, seals, and industrial components.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used in the formulation of polyurethane potting compounds and encapsulants for protecting electronic and electrical assemblies.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane systems are utilized in the manufacturing of footwear and accessories for their durability and comfort.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing resilient and impact-resistant industrial wheels and rollers.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the production of polyurethane coatings for metal substrates in automotive and machinery industries.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-modified polyurethane systems are employed in the construction of pipelines and storage tanks for chemical resistance.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is utilized in the formulation of polyurethane adhesives and sealants for bonding and sealing construction joints.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane materials are used in the aerospace sector for manufacturing lightweight and durable aircraft components.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is employed in the production of polyurethane membranes and films used in waterproofing applications.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the formulation of polyurethane coatings for concrete surfaces in infrastructure and building restoration projects.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used in the manufacture of polyurethane insulation materials for thermal and acoustic insulation in buildings.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-modified polyurethane foams are utilized in the automotive industry for producing comfortable and durable vehicle seats.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is employed in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing resilient shock-absorbing materials in sports equipment.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane adhesives are used in the woodworking industry for bonding and assembling wooden furniture and structures.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the production of polyurethane potting compounds for encapsulating electronic and electrical components.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used in the formulation of polyurethane coatings for industrial machinery and equipment to enhance durability and performance.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the formulation of polyurethane sealants for joint sealing in construction and infrastructure projects.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane systems are employed in the manufacture of moldings and castings for producing complex shapes and designs.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is utilized in the production of polyurethane elastomers used in mining and heavy equipment for wear and impact resistance.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the formulation of polyurethane coatings for renewable energy applications such as wind turbine blades.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used in the production of polyurethane adhesives and coatings for assembling and protecting electronic devices and components.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-modified polyurethane materials are employed in the automotive sector for producing durable and scratch-resistant vehicle coatings.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the formulation of polyurethane foams used in insulation panels for energy-efficient building construction.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane systems are used in the production of protective coatings for marine structures and offshore platforms.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is utilized in the formulation of polyurethane elastomers for producing resilient conveyor belts and industrial belting systems.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) finds application in the production of polyurethane coatings for outdoor furniture and playground equipment for weather resistance.

The compound is employed in the formulation of polyurethane adhesives and sealants for bonding and sealing HVAC ducts and systems.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based polyurethane systems are utilized in the manufacture of flexible packaging materials for food and pharmaceutical industries.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)'s compatibility with different polyols and isocyanates allows for customization of polyurethane properties to meet specific application needs.
Due to its effectiveness in crosslinking polyurethane chains, Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is a key component in the production of adhesives and sealants.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)'s stability and reactivity make it suitable for use in both flexible and rigid polyurethane foam applications.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) formulations are used in flooring systems to achieve superior wear resistance and durability in high-traffic areas.
In industrial applications, Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) helps improve the performance of molded polyurethane parts by enhancing their load-bearing capabilities.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-modified polyurethanes are employed in the manufacture of conveyor belts and rollers due to their impact resistance and low coefficient of friction.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)'s ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions makes it suitable for marine and offshore coatings.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)-based adhesives are utilized in bonding substrates where high strength and resilience are essential, such as in automotive assembly.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)'s compatibility with various fillers and additives allows for the enhancement of thermal and electrical properties in polyurethane composites.
In the aerospace industry, Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is employed in the production of lightweight, durable materials for aircraft interiors and components.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA)'s effectiveness in maintaining mechanical properties at different temperatures makes it valuable in engineering applications.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) continues to be researched for its potential in advanced materials, aiming to improve sustainability and performance in diverse industries.



DESCRIPTION


Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C11H18N2.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is a type of diamine and is also known by its systematic IUPAC name, N,N'-diethyl-1,3-benzenediamine.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is commonly used as a curing agent or crosslinker in the production of polyurethane elastomers and coatings.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) plays a crucial role in the polymerization process, where it reacts with polyols and diisocyanates to form strong, flexible polyurethane materials.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is a versatile chemical compound used primarily as a curing agent in polyurethane applications.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is characterized by its molecular structure consisting of a toluene ring with two ethyl groups and two amino groups attached to the benzene ring.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is typically a viscous liquid at room temperature, ranging in color from light yellow to amber.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is known for its high reactivity in polyurethane systems, facilitating the crosslinking process to produce durable elastomers.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) plays a crucial role in improving the mechanical strength, flexibility, and abrasion resistance of polyurethane products.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is used extensively in industries such as automotive manufacturing, construction, and coatings due to its excellent curing properties.
The chemical structure of Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) allows it to form urea linkages with isocyanates and polyols, enhancing the performance and longevity of polyurethane materials.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is appreciated for its ability to provide fast curing times and good handling properties in polyurethane formulations.
In polyurethane coatings, Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) contributes to enhancing chemical resistance and weatherability, making it suitable for outdoor applications.

Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) exhibits moderate toxicity and requires careful handling to prevent skin and eye irritation.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate, which facilitates its incorporation into various formulation processes.

Its viscosity and curing kinetics can be adjusted by varying formulation parameters, offering flexibility in product development.
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is often preferred in applications where high-performance coatings or elastomers with excellent resilience are required.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Viscous liquid
Color: Light yellow to amber
Odor: Characteristic amine odor
Density: Approximately 1.02 g/cm³ at 20°C
Boiling Point: Approximately 330°C
Melting Point: Approximately -15°C
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C11H18N2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 178.28 g/mol
Structural Formula:
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) has a benzene ring with two ethyl groups (diethyl) and two amino groups (diamine) attached to different positions on the ring.
CAS Number: 68479-98-1
EC Number: 270-877-4
Reactivity: Reacts with isocyanates and polyols to form polyurethane polymers.
Acidity/Basicity: Basic compound due to amino groups.
Flammability: Non-flammable under normal conditions.
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable liquid).
Autoignition Temperature: Not determined.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) fumes are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air.

Provide Oxygen:
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if trained to do so.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek medical attention immediately. Keep the person calm and reassured.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Remove any contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.

Flush with Water:
Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Use Mild Soap:
Use a mild soap and avoid scrubbing to prevent skin irritation.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation persists or develops, seek medical attention promptly.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.

Continue Flushing:
Continue flushing for at least 15 minutes, ensuring water reaches under eyelids.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, even if symptoms such as redness or irritation are not present.


Ingestion:

Do NOT Induce Vomiting
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide medical personnel with product information and SDS if available.


General First Aid Advice:

Personal Protection:
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and clothing, when handling Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA).

Medical Attention:
Ensure that all exposed personnel receive medical attention regardless of the severity of exposure.

Documentation:
Keep records of the incident, including exposure details, symptoms, and medical treatment provided.

Emergency Contacts:
Have emergency contact numbers readily available for medical professionals and poison control centers.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing (long sleeves and pants) when handling Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA).
Use respiratory protection (such as a NIOSH-approved respirator) if ventilation is inadequate or if handling in enclosed spaces.


Engineering Controls:

Use local exhaust ventilation systems to minimize exposure to airborne vapors or mists.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the workplace to maintain air quality and reduce inhalation risks.


Avoid Direct Contact:

Avoid skin and eye contact with Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA). In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.


Handling Precautions:

Handle Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to minimize exposure to vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA), and wash hands thoroughly after handling.


Spill and Leak Procedures:

In case of a spill, contain the spill immediately using absorbent materials and prevent entry into waterways or sewers.
Wear appropriate PPE during cleanup and follow spill cleanup procedures as outlined in the SDS (Safety Data Sheet).


Storage Compatibility:

Store Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) in tightly closed containers away from sources of ignition, heat, and direct sunlight.
Ensure storage area is cool, dry, well-ventilated, and away from incompatible materials (such as strong oxidizing agents).


Storage:

Container Type:

Use containers made of chemical-resistant materials such as stainless steel, polyethylene, or glass.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and contamination.


Temperature and Humidity:

Store Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) at ambient temperatures. Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.
Maintain storage conditions that prevent excessive humidity or moisture ingress.


Segregation:

Store Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) away from acids, alkalis, strong oxidizing agents, and other incompatible chemicals to prevent reactions or contamination.


Labeling and Documentation:

Clearly label containers with product name, hazard warnings, handling precautions, and emergency contact information.
Keep up-to-date SDS readily available for reference by personnel handling or responding to emergencies.


Handling Guidance:

Train personnel on safe handling practices, emergency procedures, and proper use of PPE when working with Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA).
Periodically inspect storage areas for leaks, spills, or signs of deterioration in containers.


Emergency Response Preparedness:

Have spill control measures, fire extinguishing equipment, and emergency eyewash stations readily accessible in areas where Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is handled or stored.

DIETHYLAMINO HYDROXYBENZOYL HEXYL BENZOATE
Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Dietilaminoetanol; 2-Diéthylaminoéthanol; 2-Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Hydroxytriethylamine; 2-N,N-diethylaminoethanol; beta-diethylaminoethanol; beta-hydroxytriethylamine; diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Diethylaminoethanol; Diethylethanolamine; DEAE; N-diethylaminoethanol; N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanolamine; N,N-diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) Amine CAS NO:100-37-8
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
DESCRIPTION:
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL (DEEA) is a tertiary alkanolamine multi-component aqueous solvent.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL has a high chemical stability and resistance against degradation.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used to prepare quaternary ammonium salts.
These salts are widely used as phase transfer catalysts to promote reactions between immiscible phases.

CAS Number: 100-37-8
EC Number: 202-845-2
Linear Formula:(C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH



SYNONYM(S) OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
N,N-Diethylethanolamine, DEAE, DEEA DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,Diethylaminoethanol,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol,N,N-Diethylethanolamine,Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol,2-Hydroxytriethylamine,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,2-HYDROXYTRIETHYLAMINE,BETA-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL,DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLAMINO-2 ETHANOL,Diethylaminoethanol,DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE (DEEA),DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,Diethylaminoethanol,N,N-DIETHYL-2-AMINOETHANOL,N,N-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,N,N-DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,2-(dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride,2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL hydrochloride,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL hydrochloride, 14C-labeled,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL sulfate (2:1),DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL tartrate,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, sodium salt,DEAE,deanol hydrochloride,diethylaminoethanol,diethylethanolamine,ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, hydrochloride (1:1),ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-, hydrochloride,N,N-diethylethanolamine,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,100-37-8,N,N-Diethylethanolamine,Diethylethanolamine,DEAE,(Diethylamino)ethanol,Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-,N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol,(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,2-(Diethylamino)Ethan-1-Ol,Diethylmonoethanolamine,2-Hydroxytriethylamine,Pennad 150,Diaethylaminoaethanol,2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine,N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine,beta-Diethylaminoethanol,beta-Hydroxytriethylamine,2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol,Diethylamino ethanol,N-Diethylaminoethanol,2-N-Diethylaminoethanol,diethyl ethanolamine,DEEA,beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol,2-diethylamino-ethanol,N-(Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine,NSC 8759,N,N-Diethylaminoethanol,2-(diethylamino)-ethanol,2-N-(Diethylamino)ethanol,.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethanol,ETHANOL,2-DIETHYLAMINO,S6DL4M053U,beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol,DTXSID5021837,CHEBI:52153,.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
NSC-8759,N,N-Diethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine,DTXCID401837,ethane, 1-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-,CAS-100-37-8,Diaethylaminoaethanol [German],CCRIS 4793,HSDB 329,EINECS 202-845-2,UN2686,UNII-S6DL4M053U,-diethylamino,AI3-16309,2-Diethylamino,Diathylaminoathanol,Diethylamlnoethanol,MFCD00002850,N, N-Diethylethanolamine,beta-(Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-diethyl ethanol amine,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [UN2686] [Corrosive],.beta.-Hydroxytriethylamine,EC 202-845-2,SCHEMBL3114,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, 9CI,CHEMBL1183,Diaethylaminoaethanol(german),2-(diethylamino)-1-ethanol,MLS002174251,2-(N,N-diethylamino)-ethanol,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, 99%,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [HSDB],N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,NSC8759,HMS3039I08,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, >=99%,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [MART.],WLN: Q2N2 & 2,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [WHO-DD],N-(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl amine,Tox21_201463,Tox21_300037,BBL012211,STL163552,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [MI],DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, >=99.5%,AKOS000119883,UN 2686,NCGC00090925-01,NCGC00090925-02,NCGC00090925-03,NCGC00253920-01,NCGC00259014-01,A 22,BP-20552,SMR001261425,VS-03234,DB-012722,D0465,NS00006343,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [UN2686] [Corrosive],D88192,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, purum, >=99.0% (GC),Q209373,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile,J-520312,Diethyl ethanolamine Diethylaminoethanol 2-Hydroxytriethylamine,InChI=1/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H


DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL appears as a colorless liquid.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL has Flash point 103-140 °F.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is Less dense than water.

Vapors of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is heavier than air.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is functionally related to an ethanolamine.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL derives from a hydride of a triethylamine.


Diethylethanolamine (DEAE) is the organic compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH.
A colorless liquid, is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine.


APPLICATIONS OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL (DEEA) can be used as a co-solvent with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and sulfolane to investigate the CO2 absorption and desorption behavior in aqueous solutions.
Additionally, DEAE is used to prepare N-substituted glycine derivatives and these compounds are used in the synthesis of peptides and proteins.

DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL reacts with 4-aminobenzoic acid to make procaine.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is a precursor for DEAE-cellulose resin, which is commonly used in ion exchange chromatography.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL can decrease the surface tension of water when the temperature is increased.[3]
Solutions of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL absorb carbon dioxide (CO2).

DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL can be used as a precursor chemical to procaine.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used for the synthesis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry.
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is also used as a pH stabilizer.



USE AND EMISSION SOURCES 1 2 3 4:
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of emulsifying agents, specialty soaps and other chemicals for applications in:
Pharmaceutical industry
pesticides
the paper
leather products
plastics
anti-rust products
the paintings
the textile
cosmetics
surface coatings...


PREPARATION OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is prepared commercially by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene oxide.[4]
(C2H5)2NH + cyclo(CH2CH2)O → (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is also possible to prepare it by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene chlorohydrin.[5


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
vapor density
4.04 (vs air)
Quality Level
100
vapor pressure
1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay
≥99.5%
expl. lim.
11.7 %
refractive index
n20/D 1.441 (lit.)
bp
161 °C (lit.)
density
0.884 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
CCN(CC)CCO
InChI
1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI key
BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
117.19
Beilstein:
741863
Chemical formula C6H15NO
Molar mass 117.192 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Ammoniacal
Density 884 mg mL−1
Melting point −70 °C; −94 °F; 203 K[1]
Boiling point 161.1 °C; 321.9 °F; 434.2 K
Solubility in water miscible[1]
log P 0.769
Vapor pressure 100 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD) 1.441–1.442
CAS number 100-37-8
CE index number 603-048-00-6
CE number 202-845-2
Hill formula C₆H₁₅NO
Chemical formula (C₂H₅)₂NCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass 117.19 g/mol
Code SH 2922 19 52
Boiling point 163 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.88 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 0.7%(V)
Flash point 50 °C
Ignition temperature 270 °C
Fusion point -68 °C
pH value 11.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 1 hPa (20 °C)
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 0.883 - 0.885
Water (K. F.) ≤ 0.30 %
Identity (IR) passes test
Molecular Weight
117.19 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
0.3
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
117.115364102 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
117.115364102 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
23.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
8
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
43.8
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
vapor pressure
1.9 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
≥99.0% (GC)
form
liquid
autoignition temp.
270 °C
potency
1300 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
1109 mg/kg LD50, skin (Rabbit)

expl. lim.
0.7 % (v/v)
pH
11.5 (20 °C, 100 g/L in H2O)
bp
163 °C/1013 hPa
mp
-68 °C
transition temp
flash point 51 °C
density
0.88 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.
2-30°C
InChI
1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI key
BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Storage Temperature
RT
European Com.#
202-845-2
Hazmat Ship
Check subsku for hazmat
Purity
>99%
Appearance color
Clear, colorless
Appearance form
Liquid
Molecular Formula
C6H15NO
Molecular Weight
117.19
Density
0.884 g/mL at 25°C
Melting point
-70°C
Boiling point
161°C
Solubility (@ RT)
Solubility in water: Soluble
Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in alcohol, ether and benzene
Melting Point -70°C
Density 0.883
pH 11.5
Boiling Point 161°C to 163°C
Flash Point 52°C (125°F)
Odor Amine-like
Linear Formula (CH3CH2)2NCH2CH2OH
Refractive Index 1.4415
Quantity 1000 mL
UN Number UN2686
Beilstein 741863
Sensitivity Air and light sensitive; Hygroscopic
Merck Index 14,3112
Solubility Information It is miscible in water.
Molecular Weight (g/mol) 117.192
Formula Weight 117.19
Percent Purity 99%
Chemical Name or Material DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.







DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
Diethylaminoethanol is a clear liquid.
Diethylaminoethanol is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.


CAS Number: 100-37-8
EC Number: 202-845-2
MDL number: MFCD00002850
Molecular Formula: C6H15NO / (C2H5)2NC2H4OH


Diethylaminoethanol is water-soluble salts.
Diethylaminoethanol is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.
Diethylaminoethanol is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.


Diethylaminoethanol derives from an ethanolamine.
Diethylaminoethanol derives from a hydride of a triethylamine.
Diethylaminoethanol is a colorless liquid.


The flash point of Diethylaminoethanol is 103-140°F.
Diethylaminoethanol is less dense than water .
Diethylaminoethanol's vapors heavier than air.


Diethylaminoethanol is soluble in water.
Diethylaminoethanol is sensitive to moisture.
Diethylaminoethanol slowly hydrolyzes.


Diethylaminoethanol is a clear liquid.
Diethylaminoethanol appears as a colorless liquid.
Flash point of Diethylaminoethanol is 103-140 °F.


Diethylaminoethanol has less dense than water.
Diethylaminoethanol's vapors heavier than air.
The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of Diethylaminoethanol make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water.


Diethylaminoethanol is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.
Diethylaminoethanol is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.
Diethylaminoethanol is functionally related to an ethanolamine.


Diethylaminoethanol is a colorless liquid with a nauseating, weak, ammonia odor; hygroscopic; very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether acetone, benzene, and petroleum ether.
Diethylaminoethanol is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor.


Diethylaminoethanol derives from a hydride of a triethylamine.
Diethylaminoethanol is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H15NO.
Diethylaminoethanol is a colorless liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor.


Diethylaminoethanol, also known as diethylethanolamine or DEAE, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols.
These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Diethylaminoethanol.


These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom.
Diethylaminoethanol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Diethylaminoethanol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols.
Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE or DEEA) is a clear, colorless liquid, free of suspended matter represented by the formula: (C6H15NO).
Diethylaminoethanol is a clear, colorless liquid, nauseating, unpleasant, weak, ammonia-like odor, hygroscopic.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
Diethylaminoethanol is used Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals, Corrosion Inhibitor, Detergents, Intermediate for Anti Malarials.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water.
Diethylaminoethanol is used in textile softeners; antirust formulations; fatty acid derivatives; pharmaceuticals; curing agent for resins; emulsifying agents in acid media; organic synthesis.


Diethylaminoethanol can be used as a precursor chemical to procaine.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
Diethylaminoethanol is used for the synthesis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry.


Diethylaminoethanol is also used as a pH stabilizer.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as a chemical intermediate for production of emulsifiers, detergents, and solubilizers.


Diethylaminoethanol is also an intermediate for manufacturing cosmetics; textile finishing agents, fabric softeners, and dyes; drugs and pharmaceuticals, and fatty acid.
Diethylaminoethanol is also used in antirust compositions, and acts as a curing agent for resins.


The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of Diethylaminoethanol make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines.
Diethylaminoethanol is also used as a textile softener, an emulsifier in acid media, and a curing agent for resins.


Diethylaminoethanol is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc.
Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, Diethylaminoethanol is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants.


Diethylaminoethanol can be used as a precursor for DEAE-cellulose resin, which is commonly used in ion exchange chromatography.
Diethylaminoethanol can also be conveniently obtained from renewable sources.
Diethylaminoethanol is chemically stable and able to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from its surroundings.


In solution, Diethylaminoethanol can decrease the surface tension of water when the temperature is increased.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine.


Diethylaminoethanol can be reacted with 4-aminobenzoic acid to make procaine.
Cosmetic Uses of Diethylaminoethanol: buffering agents
Diethylaminoethanol is used to produce dyes, resins, rubbers, flotation agents, insecticides, surfactants, etc.


Diethylaminoethanol is an excellent low-toxicity curing agent for epoxy resin at room temperature.
Diethylaminoethanol can also be used in resin synthesis, textile auxiliaries, imidazoline amphoteric surfactants and plastic curing agents.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as an isocyanate curing agent.


Diethylaminoethanol is used as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, flocculants, emulsifiers, surface coatings, and other organic chemicals (in the chemical, agricultural, plastics, paper, and leather industries).
Diethylaminoethanol is used as a curing agent for resins, as an emulsifying agent (soaps, cosmetics, cutting oils) and as a fabric softener.


Diethylaminoethanol is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Release to the environment of Diethylaminoethanol can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Other release to the environment of Diethylaminoethanol is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Diethylaminoethanol can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), paper used for packaging (excluding food packaging) and plastic used for packaging (excluding food packaging).


Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, coating products, hydraulic fluids and laboratory chemicals.
Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.


Other release to the environment of Diethylaminoethanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Diethylaminoethanol is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products.
Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following products: coating products, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Release to the environment of Diethylaminoethanol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following products: coating products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids and adhesives and sealants.
Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following areas: mining.


Diethylaminoethanol is used for the manufacture of: , chemicals and wood and wood products.
Release to the environment of Diethylaminoethanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Diethylaminoethanol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Diethylaminoethanol is an inactive metabolite of 2-Chloroprocaine (HCl: C380265), a compound commonly used for epidural analgesia in obstetrics.
Diethylaminoethanol is also hypothesized to cause onset-asthma to humans following brief exposure.


Diethylaminoethanol also has the ability to inhibit growth of tomato roots.
Diethylaminoethanol is used as a neutralizing agent in boiler treatment and as a chemical intermediate in the production of floor polishes, pesticides, coatings and pharmaceuticals.


Diethylaminoethanol is used Manufacture of emulsifying agents and special soaps.
Applications Diethylaminoethanol is an inactive metabolite of 2-Chloroprocaine (HCl: C380265), a compound commonly used for epidural analgesia in obstetrics.


Diethylaminoethanol is also hypothesized to cause onset-asthma to humans following brief exposure.
Diethylaminoethanol also has the ability to inhibit growth of tomato roots.
Diethylaminoethanol is used Pharmaceutical, Emulsifier, Lubricant additives, Antioxidants, Pesticides, and Textile auxiliaries.


-Industrial uses of Diethylaminoethanol:
Diethylaminoethanol is used in the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture of the local anesthetics procaine and chloroquine; and in the chemical industry for the manufacture of water-soluble salts, fatty-acid derivatives, derivatives containing tertiary amine groups, emulsifiers, special soaps, cosmetics and textiles and fibers.

Diethylaminoethanol also is used in chromatography in chemistry and biochemistry laboratories (DEAE is useful as an ion-exchange matrix; DEAE-cellulose columns are used for purification of proteins and DNA, and DEAE-silica for phospholipid separations).
In other industries, Diethylaminoethanol is used in some antirust compositions and in textile softeners.
Diethylaminoethanol is also used widely as a steam additive in large buildings requiring humidifiers.



DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL FOR SYNTHESIS:
Diethylaminoethanol, also known as diethylethanolamine or DEAE, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols.
These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Diethylaminoethanol.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
*Trialkylamines
*Primary alcohols
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
*Tertiary aliphatic amine
*Tertiary amine
*1,2-aminoalcohol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PREPARATION OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
Diethylaminoethanol is prepared commercially by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene oxide.
(C2H5)2NH + cyclo(CH2CH2)O → (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH
Diethylaminoethanol is also possible to prepare it by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene chlorohydrin.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
Diethylaminoethanol is a tertiary amine produced by reaction of ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorhydrin and diethylamine.
Itokazu (1987) has modified this process for manufacture of Diethylaminoethanol without eventual discoloration.
Production in this country exceeds 2866 pounds per year.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
Diethylaminoethanol is an aminoalcohol.
Amines are chemical bases.
They neutralize acids to form salts plus water.

These acid-base reactions are exothermic.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Diethylaminoethanol can react with strong oxidizers and acids.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
Molecular Formula: C6H15NO
Molecular Weight: 117.2 g/mol
Autoignition Temperature: 320 °C
Boiling Point: 162.36 °C
Coefficient of cubical expansion: 0.00109/ °C
Density: @ 20°C 0.88 g/cm3
Dissociation constant, pKa: @ 25°C 10.1
Flash Point: 51.7 °C
Freezing Point: -68 °C
Octanol-water partition coefficient, log Pow: @ 23°C 0.21
pH: 100 g/l @ 20°C 11.5
Vapor Density: (air = 1) 4
Vapor Pressure: @ 22.4°C 2 hPa
Viscosity: @ 25°C 4.002 mPa·s
Water solubility: Soluble
Molecular Weight: 117.19 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 117.115364102 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 117.115364102 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 43.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: ammoniacal
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -68 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range 161 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 11,7 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,4 %(V)

Flash point: 50 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 320 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 4,022 mPa.s at 25 °C
Water solubility: completely miscible
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Pow: 0,21 at 23 °C
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,884 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,05 - (Air = 1.0)

Chemical formula: C6H15NO
Molar mass: 117.192 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Odor: Ammoniacal
Density: 884 mg mL−1
Melting point: −70 °C; −94 °F; 203 K
Boiling point: 161.1 °C; 321.9 °F; 434.2 K
Solubility in water: miscible
log P: 0.769
Vapor pressure: 100 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.441–1.442
Chemical Formula: C6H15NO
Average Molecular Weight: 117.1894
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 117.115364107
IUPAC Name: 2-(diethylamino)ethan-1-ol
Traditional Name: DEAE
CAS Registry Number: 100-37-8
SMILES: CCN(CC)CCO
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI Key: BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Physical description: Colorless liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor.
Boiling point: 325°F
Molecular weight: 117.2
Freezing point/melting point: -94°F
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg
Flash point: 140°F
Vapor density: 4.03
Specific gravity: 0.89
Ionization potential:
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 6.7%
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 11.7%
NFPA health rating: 3
NFPA fire rating: 2
NFPA reactivity rating: 0
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.88400 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.44100 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 163.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

Vapor Pressure: 1.400000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 120.00 °F. TCC ( 48.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.050 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1000000 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Melting point: -70 °C
Boiling point: 161 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.884 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 4.04 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.441(lit.)
Flash point: 120 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: soluble
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 14.74±0.10(Predicted)
color: White to pale yellow
PH Range: 10
Odor: Characteristic ammoniacal odor

PH: 11.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 0.7%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
FreezingPoint: -70℃
Merck: 14,3112
BRN: 741863
Stability: Stable.
CAS number: 100-37-8
EC index number: 603-048-00-6
EC number: 202-845-2
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₅NO
Chemical formula: (C₂H₅)₂NCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 117.19 g/mol
HS Code: 2922 19 00
Boiling point: 163 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.88 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.7 %(V)
Flash point: 50 °C
Ignition temperature: 270 °C
Melting Point: -68 °C

pH value: 11.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa (20 °C)
Formula: C6H15NO
Formula mass: 117.19
Melting point, °C: -70
Boiling point, °C: 162
Vapor pressure, mmHg: 21 (25 C)
Vapor density (air=1): 4.03
Saturation Concentration: About 0.18% (1800 ppm) at 25 C (calculated)
Evaporization number: 0.17 (butyl acetate = 1)
Critical temperature: 343
Critical pressure: 26.15
Density: 0.8921 g/cm3 (20 C)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Viscosity: 4.022 cp (25 C)
Surface tension: 29.2 g/s2 at 20 C
Refractive index: 1.4389 (20 C)
Dielectric constant: 9.1 (20 C)
pKa/pKb: 4.13 (pKb)
Heat of vaporization: 45.0 kJ/mol

Water Solubility: 665 g/L
logP: 0.56
logP: 0.21
logS: 0.75
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.59
pKa (Strongest Basic): 9.55
Physiological Charge: 1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 23.47 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 35.78 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 14.46 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No

Formula: C6H15ON
CAS no.: 100-37-8
Gas Response Factor,: 11.7 eV NA
Gas Response Factor,: 10.6 eV 2.70
Gas Response Factor,: 10.0 eV NA
ppm per mg/m⁻³, (20 °C, 1 bar): 0.205
Molecular Weight, g/mole: 117.2
Melting point, °C: -68
Boiling point, °C: 161
Flash point, °C: 52.2
Upper Explosive Limit, %: 11.7
Lower Explosive Limit, %: 1.4
Density, g.cm⁻³: 0.88
Ionisation Energy, eV: 8.58
NIOSH TWA REL, ppm: 10
NIOSH TWA REL, mg.m⁻³: 50
NIOSH IDLH, ppm: 100
OSHA TWA PEL, ppm: 10
OSHA TWA PEL, mg.m⁻³: 50



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter A.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
2-Diethylaminoethanol
N,N-diethylethanolamine
2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol
Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-
DEAE
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol
2-Diethylaminoethanol
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
100-37-8
N,N-Diethylethanolamine
Diethylethanolamine
DEAE
(Diethylamino)ethanol
Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-
N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol
(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
2-(Diethylamino)Ethan-1-Ol
Diethylmonoethanolamine
2-Hydroxytriethylamine
Pennad 150
Diaethylaminoaethanol
2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol
N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine
N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
beta-Diethylaminoethanol
beta-Hydroxytriethylamine
2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
Diethylamino ethanol
N-Diethylaminoethanol
2-diethylamino-ethanol
2-N-Diethylaminoethanol
diethyl ethanolamine
DEEA
beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol
N-(Diethylamino)ethanol
N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine
NSC 8759
N,N-Diethylaminoethanol
2-(diethylamino)-ethanol
2-N-(Diethylamino)ethanol
.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethanol
ETHANOL,2-DIETHYLAMINO
S6DL4M053U
beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
DTXSID5021837
CHEBI:52153
.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
NSC-8759
N,N-Diethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine
DTXCID401837
CAS-100-37-8
CCRIS 4793
HSDB 329
EINECS 202-845-2
UN2686
UNII-S6DL4M053U
-diethylamino
AI3-16309
2-Diethylamino
Diathylaminoathanol
Diethylamlnoethanol
MFCD00002850
N, N-Diethylethanolamine
beta-(Diethylamino)ethanol
N,N-diethyl ethanol amine
2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686]
.beta.-Hydroxytriethylamine
EC 202-845-2
SCHEMBL3114
2-Diethylaminoethanol, 9CI
CHEMBL1183
2-(diethylamino)-1-ethanol
MLS002174251
2-(N,N-diethylamino)-ethanol
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, 99%
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [HSDB]
N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
NSC8759
HMS3039I08
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, >=99%
DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE [INCI]
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [MART.]
WLN: Q2N2 & 2
ADAL1185323
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [WHO-DD]
N-(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl amine
Tox21_201463
Tox21_300037
BBL012211
STL163552
2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [MI]
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, >=99.5%
AKOS000119883
UN 2686
NCGC00090925-01
NCGC00090925-02
NCGC00090925-03
NCGC00253920-01
NCGC00259014-01
A 22
BP-20552
SMR001261425
VS-03234
D0465
2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686]
D88192
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
Q209373
2-Diethylaminoethanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
J-520312
Diethyl ethanolamine
Diethylaminoethanol
2-Hydroxytriethylamine
InChI=1/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H
N,N-Diethylethanolamine
DEAE
DEEA
2-(Diethylamino)ethan-1-ol
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol
Diethylaminoethanol
2-Diethylaminoethanol
N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol
N,N-Diethylethanolamine
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol
2-Hydroxytriethylamine
(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
(Diethylamino)ethanol
2-(Diethylamino)ethyl Alcohol
2-(N,N-Diethyl)ethanolamine
2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol
2-Hydroxytriethylamine
A 22
A 22 (Amine)
Amino Alcohol 2A
DEAE
DEEA
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Diethyl(β-hydroxyethyl)amine
Diethylethanolamine
Diethylmonoethanolamine
MKS
N,N-Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol
N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
NSC 8759
Pennad 150
β-(Diethylamino)ethanol
(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol
2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol
2-Hydroxytriethylamine
2-N-Diethylaminoethanol
DEAE
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Diethylethanolamine
Diethylmonoethanolamine
Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-
N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol
N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Diethylethanolamine
N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine
N-Diethylaminoethanol
Pennad 150
beta-Diethylaminoethanol
beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol
beta-Hydroxytriethylamine
UN2686
Diethylaminoethanol
DEAE
2-diethylaminoethyl
alcohol, N,N-diethylethanolamine, 2-
hydroxytriethylamine
beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
beta-Hydroxytriethylamine
DEAE
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Diethylaminoethanol
Diethylethanolamine
Diethylmonoethanolamine
N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol
N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Diethylethanolamine
b-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
Β-(diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
b-Hydroxytriethylamine
Β-hydroxytriethylamine
N,N-Diethyl-N-(b-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Diethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine
2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride
2-Diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride
2-Diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride, 14C-labeled
2-Diethylaminoethanol sulfate (2:1)
2-Diethylaminoethanol tartrate
2-Diethylaminoethanol, sodium salt
Deanol hydrochloride
Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, hydrochloride (1:1)
Ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-, hydrochloride
(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
(diethylamino)Ethanol
-Diethylamino
2-(diethylamino)-Ethanol
2-(diethylamino)Ethanol
2-(diethylamino)Ethyl alcohol
2-(N,N-diethylamino)Ethanol
2-Diethylamino
2-diethylamino-Ethanol
2-Diethylaminoethanol, 9ci
2-Hydroxytriethylamine
2-N-(diethylamino)Ethanol
2-N-Diethylaminoethanol
beta-(diethylamino)Ethanol
beta-Diethylaminoethanol
beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol
Dehydasal
Diaethylaminoaethanol
diethylamino Ethanol
ETHANOL,2-diethylamino
N, N-Diethylethanolamine
N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
N,N-Diethylaminoethanol
N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine
N-(diethylamino)Ethanol
N-Diethylaminoethanol
Pennad 150
Perdilaton
(Diethylamino)ethanol
DEAE
Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-
β-(Diethylamino)ethanol
Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Diethyl-N-(β-Hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
N,N-Diethylethanolamine
N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine
Pennad 150
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol
2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol
2-Hydroxytriethylamine
β-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
Diaethylaminoaethanol
Diethylethanolamine
N-(Diethylamino)ethanol
UN 2686
β-Hydroxytriethylamine
N,N-Diethylaminoethanol
Diethylmonoethanolamine
NSC 8759
A 22
diethylaminoethanol
2-diethylaminoethyl alcohol
N,N-diethylethanolamine
diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
2-hydroxytriethylamine
2-diethylaminoethanol
DEAE
DEEA
DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE
N,N-DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol
Dehydasal
Rotec A.O.
Pennad 150
Perdilaton
(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
(diethylamino)Ethanol
(diethylamino)ethanol
-Diethylamino
-diethylamino
2-(diethylamino)-Ethanol
2-(Diethylamino)-ethanol
2-(diethylamino)Ethanol
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol
2-(diethylamino)Ethyl alcohol
2-(diethylamino)ethan-1-ol
diethylaminoethanol
2-diethylaminoethyl alcohol
(diethylamino)ethanol
DEAE, ethanol
2-(diethylamino)-
ß-(diethylamino)ethanol
diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-diethyl-N-(ß-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
N,N-diethylethanolamine
N,N-diethylmonoethanolamine
Pennad 150, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol
2-(diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethanol
2-hydroxytriethylamine
ß-(diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
(2-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine
N-(diethylamino)ethanol
ß-hydroxytriethylamine
N,N-diethylaminoethanol
diethylmonoethanolamine



DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties colourless liquid Physical properties Colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 50 μg/m3 (11 ppbv) and 190 μg/m3 (40 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Uses Water-soluble salts; textile softeners; antirust formulations; fatty acid derivatives; pharmaceuticals; curing agent for resins; emulsifying agents in acid media; organic synthesis. Uses Anticorrosive agent; chemical intermediate for the production of emulsifiers, detergents, solubilizers, cosmetics, drugs, and textile finishing agents Definition ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups. Production Methods 2-Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a tertiary amine produced by reaction of ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorhydrin and diethylamine (RTECS 1988). Itokazu (1987) has modified this process for manufacture of DEAE without eventual discoloration. Production in this country exceeds 2866 pounds per year (HSDB 1988). General Description A colorless liquid. Flash point 103-140°F. Less dense than water . Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Air & Water Reactions Flammable. Soluble in water. Diethylaminoethanol is sensitive to moisture. Slowly hydrolyzes. Reactivity Profile Diethylaminoethanol is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Diethylaminoethanol can react with strong oxidizers and acids. Carcinogenicity DEAE was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for 2- diethylaminoethanol is 2 ppm (9.6mg/m3) with a notation for skin absorption. Environmental Fate DEAE, when compared with other amino alcohols, was observed to be biologically undecomposable in an experiment using activated sludge (HSDB 1988). Metabolism The absorption of DEAE (administered orally as DEAE acid malate or 'Cerebrol') in healthy adult rats is very rapid, reaching a peak plasma level in 30 min (Bismut et al 1986). The biological half-life is 3.5 h with 39% of the excreted product appearing in the urine after 48 h (Bismut et al 1986). In an earlier study, Schulte et al (1972) demonstrated that in rats, following a single oral dose, excretion occurs mainly through the kidneys with 37-59% being eliminated in the first 24 h. After 48 h, elimination was independent of dose. The brain and spinal cord showed the highest concentration after 7 d. Metabolites produced were observed to be diethylaminoethanol N-oxide, diethylaminoacetic acid, and ethylaminoethanol. Diethylaminoethanol Preparation Products And Raw materials ChEBI Ontology Outgoing 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) has functional parent ethanolamine (CHEBI:16000) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) has parent hydride triethylamine (CHEBI:35026) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a ethanolamines (CHEBI:23981) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a primary alcohol (CHEBI:15734) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a tertiary amino compound (CHEBI:50996) Incoming chloroprocaine (CHEBI:3636) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) dicyclomine (CHEBI:4514) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) oxybuprocaine (CHEBI:309594) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) procaine (CHEBI:8430) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) Human Health 2-Diethylaminoethanol was rapidly absorbed via the oral route. It is presumably absorbed by dermal and inhalation routes of administration. In the rat it was widely distributed to many tissues. It was primarily excreted unchanged via the urine in rats. Excretion via the feces was also observed in rats, but to a lesser extent. Urinary excretion was also reported in humans. The major metabolites in rats were reported to be diethylaminoacetic acid and diethyl-(2- hydroxyethyl)-amino-oxide. The LD50 for the rat after oral administration was 1320 mg/kg bw. The main clinical signs described were apathy and dyspnea. After inhalation of vapors of 2-diethylaminoethanol an LC50 of ca. 4600 mg/m3/4 hour was estimated in rats using Haber’s rule. Severe signs of irritation were observed, e.g. mucous membrane irritation and dyspnea. A dermal LD50 in guinea pigs was reported to be ca. 885 mg/kg bw. 2-Diethylaminoethanol was corrosive to the skin of rabbits; since the pH was measured to be 11.5 (100 g/l) at 20°C, the corrosive effects are not surprising. The potential for severe damage to the eyes can be expected based on the animal studies available and on the pH. 2-Diethylaminoethanol was not sensitizing to the skin in studies with guinea pigs. Repeated exposure of rats to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapors (up to 365 mg/m3) for 14 weeks caused local toxicity (irritation) at the site of contact, namely, the upper respiratory tract and the eyes; however, systemic toxicity was not observed (NOAEC, systemic toxicity, 365 mg/m3 or 76 ppm). After inhalation exposure, the main symptom described was respiratory irritation which led to noises called rales and irritation of the eyes. The LOAEC for local toxicity (irritation) to the respiratory tract was 120 mg/m3 (25 ppm) and the NOAEC for local toxicity was 53 mg/m3 (10 ppm) based on histopathological effects in the nasal cavity. However, since an effect (rales) was seen at the lowest concentration a NOEC was not reached. 2-Diethylaminoethanol gave no evidence of in vitro mutagenic activity nor in vivo clastogenic potential. Repeated exposure of rats to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapors (365 mg/m3) for 14 weeks did not cause any adverse effects on the reproductive organs when administered by inhalation. In pregnant rats even the highest concentration tested of 486 mg/m3, which already produced maternally toxic effects, did not lead to adverse developmental effects. In a limited study, 2-diethylaminoethanol was not carcinogenic to rats when given by feed (tested up to ca. 50-400 mg/kg/d). An odor threshold of 0.011 ppm (approx. 0.053 mg/mg3) has been reported. In a laboratory worker short-time exposure to approx. 100 ppm (480 mg/m3) 2-diethylaminoethanol caused nausea and vomiting. Subjects exposed to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapor by humidified air in office buildings complained about eye, nose and throat irritation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Also several cases of asthma were observed. However, these symptoms were more consistent with reactive airway dysfunction syndrome than with an allergic respiratory reaction. In one case detectable amounts of 2-diethylaminoethanol were 0.05 and 0.04 mg/m3. Environment 2-diethylaminoethanol is a colourless – light yellowish organic liquid. The hygroscopic substance is miscible with water in all proportions, has a vapor pressure of about 1.8 hPa at 20 °C. The density is 0.885 g/cm³. Melting point and boiling point are – 68 °C and 162-163 °C (at 1013 hPa) respectively. The distribution of the substance between the compartments of air, biota, sediment, soil and water was calculated according to Mackay Level I. The non-charged molecule distributes mainly to the water (99.1 %). A soil adsorption coefficient (KOC) of 5.98 was estimated for 2-diethylaminoethanol (DEAE). This Koc value suggests that this compound would be mobile in soil and adsorption to suspended solids would not be important. From the pKa-value of 9.87 it can be assumed that under environmental conditions the substance is available as a cation. Therefore, binding of the substance to the matrix of soils with high capacities for cation exchange (e.g. clay) cannot be excluded. However, no data was available for ionic-ionic interactions in soil. The calculated Henry’s law constant (3.16*10-4 Pa m³ mol-1 at 25 °C) and complete water solubility of 2-diethylaminoethanol suggest that volatilization from water would not be an important fate process. The substance has no considerable potential for bioaccumulation (logKow = 0.21, measured). The compound is readily biodegradable (OECD 301 A, 95% after 22 days 10d-window fulfilled). The EC20 (30 min) for activated sludge was determined to be >1000 mg/l. The photodegradation rate in the atmosphere is fast under environmental conditions (50% after 3.9 hours). The following aquatic effect concentrations are available: Leuciscus idus LC50 (96 h) = 147 mg/l (nominal concentration). The toxic effect may be (partly) due to the high pH of the non-neutralized test solutions, since the pH adjusted 1000 mg/l dose group tolerated the substance for 96 h without mortality. Pimephales promelas LC50(96 h) = 1780 mg/l (measured concentration, adjustment of pH) Daphnia magna: EC50 (48 h) = 83.6 mg/l (nominal concentration) (toxicity due to pH effects cannot be excluded) Daphnia magna EC50 (48 h) = 165 mg/l (nominal concentration, adjustment of pH) Scenedesmus subspicatus: ErC50 = 44 mg/l, with a NOEC of 5 mg/l (corresponding values for biomass are 30 and 5 mg/l respectively; nominal concentration). Using the aquatic toxic effect on the most sensitive species, Scenedesmus subspicatus, of 44 mg/l for the endpoint growth rate (30 mg/l endpoint biomass) a PNECaqua of 44 µg/l is derived by applying an assessment factor of 1000. This factor is justified, because only short-term toxicity values were available. The following terrestrial effect concentration was reported: Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivar "Indianapolis white" EC50 (22 d) = 0.12 mg/l (in the nutrient solution; endpoint: chlorosis; nominal concentration). However, no PNECsoil can be derived from this result as no soil concentration is given. Exposure The production volume of this chemical at BASF, Germany, was more than 1000 tons in 2000. No information about the worldwide production volume is available. The organic compound is used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and as a catalyst in the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry. It is also used as a pH stabilizer. According to Swiss, Danish and Swedish Products Registers and the Hazardous Substances Data Bank, 2-diethylaminoethanol is contained in a large number of products. Some of them may be available to consumers. Releases into the environment are likely to occur during the production and processing of 2-diethylaminoethanol as an intermediate, as well as from the use of the substance itself and use of products containing the substance. Assuming worst case conditions, less than 9.5 kg of 2-diethylaminoethanol per day were released into the Rhine from an industrial site. During production and internal processing, less than 25 kg/a were emitted into the air from the same production site. From the reported use in consumer products, it can be concluded that most of the 2- diethylaminoethanol is released into wastewater, but part of it may also be released into the atmosphere. 2-Diethylaminoethanol has been reported to be readily absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract in humans and rats (Rosenberg et al, 1949; Schulte et al., 1972). On the basis of the physico-chemical properties of a saturated aqueous 2-diethylaminoethanol solution, a skin penetration rate of 3.44 mg/cm2 per hour was estimated for human skin, and therefore, the resulting body burden from exposure to 5 ml/m3 (the current MAK value) of 2-diethylaminoethalol by inhalation for 8 hours could potentially be increased by an additional three-fold factor via dermal absorption (FiserovaBergerova et al., 1990). However, this model was suspected to be too conservative and likely to overestimate percutaneous penetration (Guy and Russell, 1993). Absorption via inhalation has been mentioned (Toren, 1994), but the primary literature was not available for an assessment. In a limited study with humans (Rosenberg et al, 1949), the plasma concentration peaked 3 hours after an oral administration of 5.6 g of 2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl, but was almost undetectable after 8 hours. About 25 % of the 2-diethylaminoethanol was excreted unchanged in the urine within 48 hours. Similar excretion results were observed after intravenous administration. In the same publication it was reported that 2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl given to dogs by intravenous infusion (71 mg/kg bw) , distributed rapidly. Three hours after infusion the level of 2-diethylaminoethanol was higher in the tissues examined (muscle, heart, brain, lung, liver and spleen) than in the plasma. In a gavage study with rats (Schulte et al., 1972), 14C-labeled-2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl was reported to be rapidly absorbed into the blood stream (with a dose of 68 mg/kg the maximum concentration in the blood was reached in 30 minutes and with 679 mg/kg it was reached within 1 hour). Elimination occurred primarily via the kidney. Elimination via exhalation and the feces played only minor role. The kinetics of urinary elimination was affected by the dose. In this regard, by 6 hours after the application of a 679 mg/kg bw dose 40 % was eliminated in the urine, and by 24 hours after application 58.5% was eliminated. When a 68 mg/kg dose was given, then after 6 and 24 hours 17.5 % and 37.4% were excreted via the urine, respectively. In the experiment with 679mg/kg 2-diethylaminoethanol, 90 % of the test substance had been eliminated via the urine 10 days after treatment. Some radioactivity was still detectable in the urine 40 days after treatment. 2- Diethylaminoethanol was predominantly (> 60 %) excreted unchanged over the first 96 hours. In the same period, the following metabolites were seen based on the recovery of radioactive compounds: 2-ethylaminoethanol (ca. 1 %), phosphoric acid-mono-(2-diethylaminoethylester) (2- 8 %), diethylaminoacetic acid (ca. 10 %) and the N-oxide of 2-diethylaminoethanol (ca. 15 - 19 %). Incorporation into phospholipids was observed. In this study, autoradiography indicated that 2- diethylaminoethanol was widely distributed throughout the body after gavaging. 2- Diethylaminoethanol was concentrated in the liver, reaching a maximum at 7 hours, but thereafter, it decreased. Initially, the central nervous system showed very low levels of activity, but by day 7 it had increased. For the oral dose of 679 mg/kg the biological half-life was 19 hours and for the 67.9mg/kg dose it was 36 hours. In a separate study 14C-labeled-2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl was given to rats by intravenous injection at doses of 2.9 µmol/rat (ca. 1.94 mg/kg bw) (Michelot et al., 1981). Cumulative excretion of 19.9 and 42.2% of the radioactivity in the urine was observed after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Additionally, 8.5 and 29.5% of the radioactivity was excreted via the feces during the same time interval. Excretion via the bile was only measured over the first 6 hours, and was reported to be 5 %. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties colourless liquid Physical properties Colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 50 μg/m3 (11 ppbv) and 190 μg/m3 (40 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Uses Water-soluble salts; textile softeners; antirust formulations; fatty acid derivatives; pharmaceuticals; curing agent for resins; emulsifying agents in acid media; organic synthesis. Uses Anticorrosive agent; chemical intermediate for the production of emulsifiers, detergents, solubilizers, cosmetics, drugs, and textile finishing agents Definition ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups. Production Methods 2-Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a tertiary amine produced by reaction of ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorhydrin and diethylamine (RTECS 1988). Itokazu (1987) has modified this process for manufacture of DEAE without eventual discoloration. Production in this country exceeds 2866 pounds per year (HSDB 1988). General Description A colorless liquid. Flash point 103-140°F. Less dense than water . Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Air & Water Reactions Flammable. Soluble in water. Diethylaminoethanol is sensitive to moisture. Slowly hydrolyzes. Reactivity Profile Diethylaminoethanol is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Diethylaminoethanol can react with strong oxidizers and acids. Carcinogenicity DEAE was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for 2- diethylaminoethanol is 2 ppm (9.6mg/m3) with a notation for skin absorption. Environmental Fate DEAE, when compared with other amino alcohols, was observed to be biologically undecomposable in an experiment using activated sludge (HSDB 1988). Metabolism The absorption of DEAE (administered orally as DEAE acid malate or 'Cerebrol') in healthy adult rats is very rapid, reaching a peak plasma level in 30 min (Bismut et al 1986). The biological half-life is 3.5 h with 39% of the excreted product appearing in the urine after 48 h (Bismut et al 1986). In an earlier study, Schulte et al (1972) demonstrated that in rats, following a single oral dose, excretion occurs mainly through the kidneys with 37-59% being eliminated in the first 24 h. After 48 h, elimination was independent of dose. The brain and spinal cord showed the highest concentration after 7 d. Metabolites produced were observed to be diethylaminoethanol N-oxide, diethylaminoacetic acid, and ethylaminoethanol. Diethylaminoethanol Preparation Products And Raw materials ChEBI Ontology Outgoing 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) has functional parent ethanolamine (CHEBI:16000) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) has parent hydride triethylamine (CHEBI:35026) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a ethanolamines (CHEBI:23981) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a primary alcohol (CHEBI:15734) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a tertiary amino compound (CHEBI:50996) Incoming chloroprocaine (CHEBI:3636) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) dicyclomine (CHEBI:4514) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) oxybuprocaine (CHEBI:309594) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) procaine (CHEBI:8430) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) Human Health 2-Diethylaminoethanol was rapidly absorbed via the oral route. It is presumably absorbed by dermal and inhalation routes of administration. In the rat it was widely distributed to many tissues. It was primarily excreted unchanged via the urine in rats. Excretion via the feces was also observed in rats, but to a lesser extent. Urinary excretion was also reported in humans. The major metabolites in rats were reported to be diethylaminoacetic acid and diethyl-(2- hydroxyethyl)-amino-oxide. The LD50 for the rat after oral administration was 1320 mg/kg bw. The main clinical signs described were apathy and dyspnea. After inhalation of vapors of 2-diethylaminoethanol an LC50 of ca. 4600 mg/m3/4 hour was estimated in rats using Haber’s rule. Severe signs of irritation were observed, e.g. mucous membrane irritation and dyspnea. A dermal LD50 in guinea pigs was reported to be ca. 885 mg/kg bw. 2-Diethylaminoethanol was corrosive to the skin of rabbits; since the pH was measured to be 11.5 (100 g/l) at 20°C, the corrosive effects are not surprising. The potential for severe damage to the eyes can be expected based on the animal studies available and on the pH. 2-Diethylaminoethanol was not sensitizing to the skin in studies with guinea pigs. Repeated exposure of rats to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapors (up to 365 mg/m3) for 14 weeks caused local toxicity (irritation) at the site of contact, namely, the upper respiratory tract and the eyes; however, systemic toxicity was not observed (NOAEC, systemic toxicity, 365 mg/m3 or 76 ppm). After inhalation exposure, the main symptom described was respiratory irritation which led to noises called rales and irritation of the eyes. The LOAEC for local toxicity (irritation) to the respiratory tract was 120 mg/m3 (25 ppm) and the NOAEC for local toxicity was 53 mg/m3 (10 ppm) based on histopathological effects in the nasal cavity. However, since an effect (rales) was seen at the lowest concentration a NOEC was not reached. 2-Diethylaminoethanol gave no evidence of in vitro mutagenic activity nor in vivo clastogenic potential. Repeated exposure of rats to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapors (365 mg/m3) for 14 weeks did not cause any adverse effects on the reproductive organs when administered by inhalation. In pregnant rats even the highest concentration tested of 486 mg/m3, which already produced maternally toxic effects, did not lead to adverse developmental effects. In a limited study, 2-diethylaminoethanol was not carcinogenic to rats when given by feed (tested up to ca. 50-400 mg/kg/d). An odor threshold of 0.011 ppm (approx. 0.053 mg/mg3) has been reported. In a laboratory worker short-time exposure to approx. 100 ppm (480 mg/m3) 2-diethylaminoethanol caused nausea and vomiting. Subjects exposed to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapor by humidified air in office buildings complained about eye, nose and throat irritation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Also several cases of asthma were observed. However, these symptoms were more consistent with reactive airway dysfunction syndrome than with an allergic respiratory reaction. In one case detectable amounts of 2-diethylaminoethanol were 0.05 and 0.04 mg/m3. Environment 2-diethylaminoethanol is a colourless – light yellowish organic liquid. The hygroscopic substance is miscible with water in all proportions, has a vapor pressure of about 1.8 hPa at 20 °C. The density is 0.885 g/cm³. Melting point and boiling point are – 68 °C and 162-163 °C (at 1013 hPa) respectively. The distribution of the substance between the compartments of air, biota, sediment, soil and water was calculated according to Mackay Level I. The non-charged molecule distributes mainly to the water (99.1 %). A soil adsorption coefficient (KOC) of 5.98 was estimated for 2-diethylaminoethanol (DEAE). This Koc value suggests that this compound would be mobile in soil and adsorption to suspended solids would not be important. From the pKa-value of 9.87 it can be assumed that under environmental conditions the substance is available as a cation. Therefore, binding of the substance to the matrix of soils with high capacities for cation exchange (e.g. clay) cannot be excluded. However, no data was available for ionic-ionic interactions in soil. The calculated Henry’s law constant (3.16*10-4 Pa m³ mol-1 at 25 °C) and complete water solubility of 2-diethylaminoethanol suggest that volatilization from water would not be an important fate process. The substance has no considerable potential for bioaccumulation (logKow = 0.21, measured). The compound is readily biodegradable (OECD 301 A, 95% after 22 days 10d-window fulfilled). The EC20 (30 min) for activated sludge was determined to be >1000 mg/l. The photodegradation rate in the atmosphere is fast under environmental conditions (50% after 3.9 hours). The following aquatic effect concentrations are available: Leuciscus idus LC50 (96 h) = 147 mg/l (nominal concentration). The toxic effect may be (partly) due to the high pH of the non-neutralized test solutions, since the pH adjusted 1000 mg/l dose group tolerated the substance for 96 h without mortality. Pimephales promelas LC50(96 h) = 1780 mg/l (measured concentration, adjustment of pH) Daphnia magna: EC50 (48 h) = 83.6 mg/l (nominal concentration) (toxicity due to pH effects cannot be excluded) Daphnia magna EC50 (48 h) = 165 mg/l (nominal concentration, adjustment of pH) Scenedesmus subspicatus: ErC50 = 44 mg/l, with a NOEC of 5 mg/l (corresponding values for biomass are 30 and 5 mg/l respectively; nominal concentration). Using the aquatic toxic effect on the most sensitive species, Scenedesmus subspicatus, of 44 mg/l for the endpoint growth rate (30 mg/l endpoint biomass) a PNECaqua of 44 µg/l is derived by applying an assessment factor of 1000. This factor is justified, because only short-term toxicity values were available. The following terrestrial effect concentration was reported: Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivar "Indianapolis white" EC50 (22 d) = 0.12 mg/l (in the nutrient solution; endpoint: chlorosis; nominal concentration). However, no PNECsoil can be derived from this result as no soil concentration is given. Exposure The production volume of this chemical at BASF, Germany, was more than 1000 tons in 2000. No information about the worldwide production volume is available. The organic compound is used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and as a catalyst in the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry. It is also used as a pH stabilizer. According to Swiss, Danish and Swedish Products Registers and the Hazardous Substances Data Bank, 2-diethylaminoethanol is contained in a large number of products. Some of them may be available to consumers. Releases into the environment are likely to occur during the production and processing of 2-diethylaminoethanol as an intermediate, as well as from the use of the substance itself and use of products containing the substance. Assuming worst case conditions, less than 9.5 kg of 2-diethylaminoethanol per day were released into the Rhine from an industrial site. During production and internal processing, less than 25 kg/a were emitted into the air from the same production site. From the reported use in consumer products, it can be concluded that most of the 2- diethylaminoethanol is released into wastewater, but part of it may also be released into the atmosphere. 2-Diethylaminoethanol has been reported to be readily absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract in humans and rats (Rosenberg et al, 1949; Schulte et al., 1972). On the basis of the physico-chemical properties of a saturated aqueous 2-diethylaminoethanol solution, a skin penetration rate of 3.44 mg/cm2 per hour was estimated for human skin, and therefore, the resulting body burden from exposure to 5 ml/m3 (the current MAK value) of 2-diethylaminoethalol by inhalation for 8 hours could potentially be increased by an additional three-fold factor via dermal absorption (FiserovaBergerova et al., 1990). However, this model was suspected to be too conservative and likely to overestimate percutaneous penetration (Guy and Russell, 1993). Absorption via inhalation has been mentioned (Toren, 1994), but the primary literature was not available for an assessment. In a limited study with humans (Rosenberg et al, 1949), the plasma concentration peaked 3 hours after an oral administration of 5.6 g of 2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl, but was almost undetectable after 8 hours. About 25 % of the 2-diethylaminoethanol was excreted unchanged in the urine within 48 hours. Similar excretion results were observed after intravenous administration. In the same publication it was reported that 2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl given to dogs by intravenous infusion (71 mg/kg bw) , distributed rapidly. Three hours after infusion the level of 2-diethylaminoethanol was higher in the tissues examined (muscle, heart, brain, lung, liver and spleen) than in the plasma. In a gavage study with rats (Schulte
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL (ETHYL DIGLYME)
DESCRIPTION:
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is used as a solvent for reactions performed at higher temperatures.
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is involved in the preparation of nitrocellulose, resins and adhesives.
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is utilized as a scrubbing medium to absorb carbonyl sulfide (COS), an impurity in petroleum refineries.


CAS:112-36-7

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL:
CAS:112-36-7
Molecular Formula:C8H18O3
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 162.229
MDL Number: MFCD00009254
InChI Key: RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name: 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane
Melting Point -44°C
Density 0.909
Boiling Point 188°C to 190°C
Flash Point 71°C (160°F)
Odor Weak
Linear Formula (CH3CH2OCH2CH2)2O
Refractive Index 1.412
Quantity 500 mL
Beilstein 1699259
Merck Index 14,3118
Solubility Information Miscible with hydrocarbons,ethanol,ethyl ether and organic solvents. Immiscible with water.
Formula Weight 162.23
Percent Purity 99%
HSN Code : 29094400
IMDG Identification : Not Regulated for Transport (Non-Haz)
Molecular Formula : C8H18O3
Molecular Weight : 162.23
Storage : Room Temperature
Shelf Life : 60 Months
Appearance (Clarity) Clear
Appearance (Colour) Colourless
Appearance (Form) Liquid
Assay (GC) min. 99%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C 0.908-0.910
Refractive Index (20°C) 1.411-1.412
Boiling Range 186-188°C
Water (KF) max. 0.1%
Form: liquid
Odour: ether-like
Odour threshold: Not determined due to potential health hazard by inhalation.
Colour: colourless
pH value: 5 - 7
( 50 %(m), 20 °C)
Melting point: -44.3 °C
Boiling point: 189 °C
Flash point: 73.1 °C
Flammability: Combustible liquid.
Lower explosion limit: For liquids not relevant for classification and labelling.
The lower explosion point may be 5 - 15 °C below the flash point.
Upper explosion limit: For liquids not relevant for classification and labelling.
Autoignition: 213 °C
Vapour pressure: 0.5 hPa ( 20 °C)
Density: 0.9082 g/cm3 ( 20 °C)
0.873 g/cm3 ( 55 °C)
Relative density: 0.9082 ( 20 °C)
Partitioning coefficient noctanol/water (log Pow): 0.39 ( 25 °C)
Self-ignition temperature:
Based on its structural properties the product is not classified as selfigniting.
Thermal decomposition: Prolonged thermal loading can result in products of degradation being given off.
Vapours may form explosive mixture with air.
Viscosity, dynamic: 1.4 mPa.s ( 20 °C)
Particle size: The substance / product is marketed or used in a non solid or granular form.
Solubility in water: 100 g/l
Solubility (qualitative): miscible
solvent(s): alcohols,
Molar mass: 162.23 g/mol
Evaporation rate: Value can be approximated from Henry's Law Constant or vapor pressure.


DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is a polyether that is the dimethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol.
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL has a role as a solvent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant.
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is functionally related to a diethylene glycol.

DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is a colorless watery liquid with a pleasant odor.
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL Floats and mixes with water.

Ethyl diglyme (diethylene glycol diethyl ether) is a suitable solvent for emissive applications like digital ink formulations.
Ethyl diglyme, water soluble and low odor aprotic solvent, offers high solvency and dispersancy for pigments and dyes, while preventing clogging of printer heads.




APPLICATIONS OF DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL:
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is used as a solvent for reactions performed at higher temperatures.
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is involved in the preparation of nitrocellulose, resins and adhesives.
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is utilized as a scrubbing medium to absorb carbonyl sulfide (COS), an impurity in petroleum refineries.

USES OF DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL:
DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL is Used as solvent for nitrocellulose, adhesives, sealants, plastic resins and compounds, rubber chemicals, lacquers, and organic synthesis; as high-boiling medium







SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



SYNONYMS OF DIETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL:
diethylene glycol diethyl ether,
2-ethoxyethyl ether,
diethyl carbitol,
ethyl diglyme,
1-ethoxy-2-2-ethoxyethoxy ethane,
bis 2-ethoxyethyl ether,
diethyldiethylene glycol,
3,6,9-trioxaundecane,
degdee,
ether,
bis 2-ethoxyethyl
1-Ethoxy-2-(beta-ethoxyethoxy)ethane
2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)-1-ethoxyethane
3,6,9-Trioxaundecane
Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether
DEGDEE
Diethyl carbitol
Diethyldiethylene glycol
Diethylether diethylenglykolu [Czech]
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-ethoxy-
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, diethyl ether
Ether, bis(2-ethoxyethyl)
Ethyl diglyme
Glycol, diethylene-, diethyl ether
Diethyl carbitol
Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether
Ethyl diglyme
Diethyldiethylene glycol
3,6,9-Trioxaundecane
Diethyldiglycol

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOAT
DESCRIPTION:

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEGDB) is a widely used dibenzoate ester based plasticizer, which has either linkages at the center that connect the two benzoate groups
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a plasticizer in the fabrication of carbon black composite based sensors, which are used for the detection of electronic noise systems.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate may be homogenized with poly(vinyl fluoride) and polysulfone based composite to prepare an electrolyte for lithium ion batteries

CAS: 120-55-8
European Community (EC) Number: 204-407-6
IUPAC Name: 2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethyl benzoate
Molecular Formula: (C6H5COOCH2CH2)2O


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE:

Molecular Weight: 314.3
XLogP3: 3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 314.11542367
Monoisotopic Mass: 314.11542367
Topological Polar Surface Area: 61.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 23
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 322
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Assay: 90%
Form: viscous liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.544 (lit.)
bp: 235-237 °C/7 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.175 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Appearance: Clear Colourless Oil
Molecular Weight: 314.33
Storage: 20°C, Inert atmosphere
Solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.17600 to 1.18000 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.797 to 9.830
Refractive Index: 1.54400 to 1.54700 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 33.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 225.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.995 (est)


USES OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE:
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate (DEGDB) is used in the production of glycol benzoates for the application of plasticizer in adhesive formulations.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is also used in the manufacture of alkyd resins and drilling mud additive for crude oil recovery applications.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is used as a rubber polymerization activators and retardants.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is Used as plasticizer for resins (cellulose acetate butyrate, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, and polymethyl methacrylate) and a stabilizer for perfumes.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is a glycol ether that is used as a solvent and as a chemical intermediate in the production of polyvinyl compounds.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate(DEDB) acts as a plasticizer.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with PVC resin.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate Exhibits good heat stability, plasticized capacity, resistance to freeze, electrical properties and UV filtering properties.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is Used in PVC granules, non-filling rolling film, artificial leather, cable, board material, flaky material, pipe material, rubber bar, foam material, film, rubber and plastisol.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate and other resins, with strong solubility, good compatibility, low volatility, oil resistance, water resistance, light resistance, good pollution resistance and other characteristics, suitable for the processing of polyvinyl chloride floor material, plastic paste, polyvinyl acetate adhesive and synthetic rubber.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used as part of PVC resin plasticizer




SYNTHESIS OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE:
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate can be synthesized by ethylene oxide reacting with p-hydroxybenzoic acid followed by reaction with diethylene glycol.
This process yields diethylene glycol dibenzoate, which is then reacted with chlorine to form ethylene glycol dibenzoate.
The water vapor generated during this process is removed using a vacuum pump or by passing the product through a molecular sieve.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate has been shown to have high resistance against water vapor, making it an excellent choice for use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is synthesized via a two-step reaction.
The first step involves the reaction of diethylene glycol (DEG) with dibenzoic acid (DBA) in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid.
This reaction yields diethylene glycol dibenzoate and water as the main products.
The second step involves the reaction of the Diethylene glycol dibenzoate with an alkyl halide, such as bromoethane, to yield the desired alkyl-substituted Diethylene glycol dibenzoate.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS ABOUT DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE:
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been studied for its potential as a therapeutic agent.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been investigated for its ability to modulate physiological processes such as inflammation and cell signaling.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has also been studied for its potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been used in studies of cancer cells, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
In addition, Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been used as a plasticizer in drug delivery systems, as a solvent in the production of polymers, and as an intermediate in the production of dyes, fragrances, and flavorings.



MECHANISM OF ACTION:
The mechanism of action of Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is not completely understood.
However, it is believed to act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent.
It is thought to interact with various cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

It is believed to modulate the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in inflammation and cell signaling.
In addition, it is believed to interact with the cell membrane to modulate the permeability of the membrane and to modulate the uptake of other molecules.

BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE:
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been studied for its potential to modulate biochemical and physiological processes.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has also been shown to modulate the activity of enzymes involved in inflammation, such as cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, it has been shown to modulate the activity of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB, which is involved in the regulation of gene expression.

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS FOR LAB EXPERIMENTS:
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has several advantages for use in laboratory experiments.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is a colorless, odorless, and slightly viscous liquid that is easy to handle and store.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is also non-toxic, non-irritating, and non-carcinogenic.

In addition, Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is stable and resistant to oxidation, making Diethylene glycol dibenzoate suitable for long-term storage and use in experiments.
However, Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is also relatively expensive, making Diethylene glycol dibenzoate less desirable for use in large-scale experiments.


FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
The potential future directions for Diethylene glycol dibenzoate research include further investigation into its mechanism of action, its ability to modulate physiological processes, and its potential for therapeutic applications.
In addition, further studies are needed to determine the potential toxicity of Diethylene glycol dibenzoate and its potential for bioaccumulation in the environment.
Finally, further studies are needed to determine the potential for Diethylene glycol dibenzoate to be used as a plasticizer in drug delivery systems and as an intermediate in the production of dyes, fragrances, and flavorings.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



SYNONYMS OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE:
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate
120-55-8
2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethyl benzoate
Benzo Flex 2-45
Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) dibenzoate
Diglycol dibenzoate
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL, DIBENZOATE
Dibenzoyldiethyleneglycol ester
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, dibenzoate
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, 1,1'-dibenzoate
Benzoflex 2-45
Benzoic acid, diester with diethylene glycol
YAI66YDY1C
2,2'-Oxydiethylene dibenzoate
MFCD00020679
Oxydiethylene dibenzoate
2-[2-(Benzoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl benzoate
Benzoyloxyethoxyethyl benzoate
CAS-120-55-8
HSDB 5587
2-(2-(BENZOYLOXY)ETHOXY)ETHYL BENZOATE
EINECS 204-407-6
UNII-YAI66YDY1C
BRN 2509507
AI3-02293
FLEXOL 2GB
MONOCIZER PB 3
EC 204-407-6
VELSICOL 2-45
4-09-00-00356 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
SCHEMBL148713
CHEMBL2130591
DTXSID0026967
Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl dibenzoate
Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl)dibenzoate
ZINC2041023
Tox21_201732
Tox21_300522
Di(ethylene glycol) dibenzoate, 90%
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate (DEGDB)
AKOS015889558
NCGC00164149-01
NCGC00164149-02
NCGC00164149-03
NCGC00254255-01
NCGC00259281-01
BS-48950
SY051963
2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) dibenzoate
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE [INCI]
DB-041567
CS-0435534
D1522
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL, DIBENZOATE [HSDB]
FT-0624893
2-[2-(phenylcarbonyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl benzoate
benzoic acid 2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethyl ester
F71161
A804535
Q2450581



DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is a glycol benzoate ester, is a clear liquid with chemically stable properties and high boiling point.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate (DEGDB) is a widely used dibenzoate ester based plasticizer, which has either linkages at the center that connect the two benzoate groups.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is used as a has an excellent compatibility with polyvinyl acetates and polyvinyl chloride.

EINECS/List Number: 204-407-6
CAS Number: 120-55-8
Molecular Formula: C18H18O5
Molecular Weight: 314.33

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, also known as DEG dibenzoate or Dibenzoin, is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of diethylene glycol esters.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is formed through the esterification of diethylene glycol with benzoic acid.
The chemical formula for Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is C18H18O5.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is slightly soluble in water and very soluble in polymers.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is soluble in organic solvents, such as ethanol, acetone, and benzene.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate has a high boiling point and low vapor pressure, which makes it useful in various industrial applications.

One of the primary uses of diethylene glycol dibenzoate is as a plasticizer.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate can be added to polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to increase their flexibility, durability, and workability. Plasticizers help improve the properties of the plastic and make it more resistant to cracking and deformation.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is often used in the production of films, coatings, adhesives, and vinyl-based products.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is employed as a solvent in various applications, including inks, paints, and coatings.
IDiethylene Glycol Dibenzoate can dissolve a wide range of substances and helps in dispersing pigments and other additives in these formulations.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can undergo various chemical reactions. It can be hydrolyzed under acidic or basic conditions, resulting in the formation of diethylene glycol and benzoic acid.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate, hydrolysis reaction can occur over time, especially in the presence of moisture or elevated temperatures.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate can participate in esterification and transesterification reactions, where it can be used as a reactant or catalyst in the synthesis of other compounds.
Benzoic acid, the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid containing carboxyl group bonded directly to benzene ring, is a white, crystalline organic compound; melting at 122 C (starting sublime at 100 C); boiling at 249 C; slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, very slightly soluble in benzene and acetone.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is aqua solution is weakly acidic.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate occurs naturally in many plants and resins.
The most of commercial benzoic acid is produced by the reaction of toluene with oxygen at temperatures around 200 C in the liquid phase and in the presence of cobalt and manganese salts as catalysts.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate can be prepared also by the oxidation of benzene with concentrated sulphuric acid or carbon dioxide in the presence of catalysts.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate methods are such as by the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, cinnamic acid; by hydrolysis of benzonitrile, benzoyl chloride. More than 90% of commercial benzoic acid is converted directly to phenol and caprolactam.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is use in the production of glycol benzoates for the application of plasticizer in adhesive formulations is increasing.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is also used in the manufacture of alkyd resins and drilling mud additive for crude oil recovery applications.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits relatively high viscosity compared to other plasticizers.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate viscosity can contribute to the flow and processing characteristics of polymer formulations.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is important to consider the viscosity of the plasticizer when formulating products to ensure proper mixing and processing.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate shows good compatibility with a variety of fillers and additives commonly used in polymer formulations.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate, include fillers like calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and silica, as well as various additives such as antioxidants, UV stabilizers, and flame retardants.

Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate, compatibility allows for the incorporation of these materials into the polymer matrix while maintaining the desired properties.
As with other plasticizers, diethylene glycol dibenzoate can migrate or be extracted from the polymer matrix under certain conditions.
Migration refers to the movement of the plasticizer from the polymer to the surrounding environment, while extraction refers to the removal of the plasticizer by solvents or other substances.

Proper disposal and recycling of diethylene glycol dibenzoate and products containing this compound should be carried out according to local regulations.
Recycling options for plasticized products may involve separation of the plasticizer from the polymer or finding suitable processes to recover or reuse the plasticizer.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is important to consider environmental impact and sustainability when handling and disposing of diethylene glycol dibenzoate and related materials

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate offers several performance advantages as a plasticizer.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate provides good flexibility and softness to polymers, allowing them to withstand bending and stretching without breaking or cracking.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate also improves the processability of polymers, making them easier to mold, extrude, or shape during manufacturing.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has a mild, slightly sweet odor.
This characteristic can be beneficial in applications where odor neutrality or compatibility with fragrances is desired.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is important to consider this attribute when formulating products for industries such as personal care or food packaging.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good resistance to ultraviolet (UV) light degradation.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate property makes it suitable for applications that require resistance to UV exposure, such as outdoor coatings or films.
By incorporating Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate as a plasticizer, the overall UV stability of the polymer can be improved.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, like other plasticizers, can undergo migration and blooming.
Migration refers to the movement of the Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate within the polymer matrix, which can occur over time and under certain conditions.

Blooming refers to the migration of the Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate to the surface of the polymer, resulting in a visible film or residue.
Care should be taken to minimize these effects, especially in applications where surface aesthetics or product interactions are important.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been evaluated for its biocompatibility in certain applications.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate has been used as a plasticizer in medical devices, where compatibility with human tissues and fluids is crucial, however specific biocompatibility requirements may vary depending on the intended use and regulatory standards.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can contribute to the adhesion properties of certain formulations.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate, when used in adhesives or coatings, it can enhance the bonding strength between the substrate and the adhesive or coating layer.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate, property is particularly useful in applications where strong adhesion is required, such as in automotive or construction applications.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate typically has a long shelf life when stored properly.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is important to store it in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is commercially available from various suppliers worldwide.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is commonly used in different industries and can be sourced from chemical distributors or manufacturers specializing in plasticizers and related compounds.

Melting point: 24°C
Boiling point: 235-237 °C7 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.175 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.544(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: Oil
color: Clear Colourless
Water Solubility: 38.3mg/L at 20℃
LogP: 3.2 at 30℃

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used as a plasticizer in various industries.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can improve the flexibility, elongation, and impact resistance of polymers.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate of this compound to PVC, for instance, can enhance its ability to withstand bending and stretching without breaking.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps in the production of items like cables, flooring materials, artificial leather, and automotive parts.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good solvency for a wide range of resins and polymers.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, and many other synthetic and natural materials.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, compatibility allows it to be used as a solvent or co-solvent in various applications, including paints, coatings, and inks.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate offers good thermal stability and has low volatility.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is less likely to evaporate or degrade at high temperatures, which is important for applications that involve heat exposure.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with other additives used in polymer formulations, such as stabilizers, antioxidants, and flame retardants.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is important to consider the environmental impact of diethylene glycol dibenzoate. Proper handling, storage, and disposal practices should be followed to minimize its release into the environment.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is recommended to adhere to local regulations and guidelines when using this compound.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate may be subject to regulations and restrictions depending on the country or region.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is important to check the local regulatory requirements and comply with any applicable laws, such as registration, labeling, and usage restrictions.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate should be handled with caution to ensure safety.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is recommended to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, when working with this compound.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is important to avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is advised to follow first aid measures and seek medical attention if necessary.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate should be kept in tightly sealed containers to prevent contamination and evaporation.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, is thought to interact with various cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is believed to modulate the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in inflammation and cell signaling.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, it is believed to interact with the cell membrane to modulate the permeability of the membrane and to modulate the uptake of other molecules.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is generally stable under normal conditions however, it may undergo decomposition or degradation when exposed to high temperatures or strong acids or bases.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is important to avoid conditions that may lead to thermal decomposition or chemical reactions.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEGDB) is a widely used chemical compound in research and industry.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is a colorless, odorless, and slightly viscous liquid that is used as a solvent, plasticizer, and intermediate in the production of various chemicals.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has a variety of applications, including being used as a plasticizer in paints and coatings, as a solvent in the production of polymers, and as an intermediate in the production of dyes, fragrances, and flavorings.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has also been studied for its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been investigated for its ability to modulate physiological processes such as inflammation and cell signaling.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been studied for its potential to modulate biochemical and physiological processes.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has also been shown to modulate the activity of enzymes involved in inflammation, such as cyclooxygenase-2.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been shown to modulate the activity of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB, which is involved in the regulation of gene expression.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been studied for its potential to modulate biochemical and physiological processes.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has also been shown to modulate the activity of enzymes involved in inflammation, such as cyclooxygenase-2.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been shown to modulate the activity of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB, which is involved in the regulation of gene expression.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is synthesized via a two-step reaction.
The first step involves the reaction of diethylene glycol (DEG) with dibenzoic acid (DBA) in the presence of a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid.
This reaction yields diethylene glycol dibenzoate and water as the main products.

The second step involves the reaction of the Diethylene glycol dibenzoate with an alkyl halide, such as bromoethane, to yield the desired alkyl-substituted Diethylene glycol dibenzoate.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, is thought to interact with various cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is believed to modulate the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in inflammation and cell signaling.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is believed to interact with the cell membrane to modulate the permeability of the membrane and to modulate the uptake of other molecules.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits relatively high plasticizer efficiency compared to some other plasticizers.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, refers to the amount of plasticizer required to achieve a desired level of flexibility in a polymer.

The high efficiency of diethylene glycol dibenzoate allows for lower usage levels, which can result in cost savings in formulations.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate demonstrates compatibility with a wide range of polymers, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyurethane (PU), and various copolymers. This broad compatibility allows for its use in diverse applications across different polymer systems.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good solvent power, enabling it to dissolve or disperse various solid materials and polymers.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is advantageous when formulating solutions, dispersions, or coatings where solubility or dispersibility is required.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can serve as an alternative plasticizer to traditional phthalate-based plasticizers, such as diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) or dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate have faced regulatory scrutiny due to potential health and environmental concerns, leading to increased interest in exploring alternative plasticizers like diethylene glycol dibenzoate.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, to its plasticizing properties, diethylene glycol dibenzoate can also act as a cross-linking agent in certain systems.
Cross-linking refers to the formation of chemical bonds between polymer chains, resulting in increased strength, hardness, and durability of the polymer.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be advantageous in applications where enhanced mechanical properties are desired.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can function as a rheology modifier, influencing the flow behavior and viscosity of formulations.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, the concentration of diethylene glycol dibenzoate, it is possible to control the viscosity and rheological properties of systems, making it suitable for applications where precise viscosity control is necessary.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good compatibility with aromatic compounds, including benzene derivatives and other aromatic solvents.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, compatibility can be advantageous when formulating solutions or mixtures that contain aromatic components.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate demonstrates good color stability, particularly when compared to certain other plasticizers.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, property is important in applications where color retention and stability over time are critical, such as in pigmented coatings or colored plastics.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can enhance the stability of emulsions, which are mixtures of immiscible liquids
When used Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, as a co-emulsifier or as part of the emulsion formulation, it can help prevent phase separation and maintain the stability of the emulsion over time.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is soluble in many organic solvents, including alcohols, ketones, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
This solubility property allows for easy incorporation into various formulations and facilitates uniform distribution within the polymer matrix.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has relatively high thermal conductivity compared to some other plasticizers.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be beneficial in applications where heat transfer is important, such as thermal interface materials or heat dissipation applications.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits a relatively low surface tension, which can enhance wetting and spreading properties in coating applications.
Low surface tension allows for better coverage and adhesion of the coating to the substrate surface.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used as a plasticizer in ink formulations.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the flow and printability of inks, enhances color development, and contributes to the adhesion of the ink to various substrates.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has low volatility, meaning it has a low tendency to evaporate and contribute to air pollution.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has a mild odor, which is desirable in applications where odor neutrality is important, such as in fragranced products or sensitive environments.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a plasticizer in adipate-free formulations. Adipates, which are a class of plasticizers, have faced regulatory restrictions due to environmental and health concerns.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate offers an alternative for formulators seeking to develop adipate-free products.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate provides good water resistance to polymer formulations.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps reduce the absorption of water by the polymer matrix, enhancing its dimensional stability and resistance to water-related degradation.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has been used in certain food contact applications, such as coatings or films used in food packaging, however, specific regulations and requirements may vary depending on the region, intended use, and applicable food contact regulations.

There are efforts to develop diethylene glycol dibenzoate from renewable feedstocks, such as plant-based or bio-based sources.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate initiatives aim to reduce reliance on fossil fuel-derived raw materials and promote sustainability in the production of plasticizers.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good compatibility with various flame retardant additives.

Uses
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate is used in analytical studies to investigation into the migration potential of coating materials from cookware products.
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate (DEGDB) is used in the production of glycol benzoates for the application of plasticizer in adhesive formulations.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is also used in the manufacture of alkyd resins and drilling mud additive for crude oil recovery applications.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a rubber polymerization activators and retardants.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate and other resins, with strong solubility, good compatibility, low volatility, oil resistance, water resistance, light resistance, good pollution resistance and other characteristics, suitable for the processing of polyvinyl chloride floor material, plastic paste, polyvinyl acetate adhesive and synthetic rubber.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, inks and toners, polymers, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and plant protection products.
Other release to the environment of Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a rubber polymerization activators and retardants.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, Benzoic acid is converted to its salts and esters for the use of preservative application in foods, drugs and personal products.
Sodium benzoate, sodium salt of benzoic acid, is used preferably as one of the principal anti-microbial preservatives used in foods and beverages, as it is about 200 times more soluble than benzoic acid.

SDiethylene glycol dibenzoate, sodium Benzoate is also used in medications, anti-fermentation additives and tabletting lubricant for pharmaceuticals.
The industrial applications are as a corrosion inhibitor, as an additive to automotive engine antifreeze coolants and in other waterborne systems, as a nucleating agents for polyolefin, as a dye intermediate, as a stabilizer in photographic processing and as a catalyst.

Release to the environment of Diethylene glycol dibenzoatecan occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Diethylene glycol dibenzoateis likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). This substance can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is use as a plasticizer and solvent, diethylene glycol dibenzoate can find applications in other areas. It is sometimes employed as a heat transfer fluid due to its thermal stability also serve as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be used in combination with other plasticizers to achieve desired properties in polymer formulations.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is often used as a secondary plasticizer alongside primary plasticizers like phthalates or adipates.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, combination can provide a balance of properties such as flexibility, volatility, and cost-effectiveness.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate has low volatility, meaning it has a low tendency to evaporate.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, characteristic is beneficial in applications where long-term stability and low emissions are desired.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps maintain the desired plasticity and performance of the polymer over time.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is considered to have moderate to high biodegradability, depending on the specific environmental conditions.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate characteristic can be advantageous in terms of environmental impact and sustainability.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is generally considered to have low acute toxicity however, as with any chemical substance, prolonged or repeated exposure may have adverse health effects.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is important to handle this compound with proper precautions and in accordance with safety guidelines if there are concerns about potential health risks, it is advisable to consult safety data sheets (SDS) or seek guidance from occupational health and safety professionals.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following products: lubricants and greases.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

The solubility of diethylene glycol dibenzoate with PVC resin is better than DOP and DBP.
With its higher flash point than DOP, it is widely used in the plasticizer-needing products like PVC plastic film, artificial leather by calendering processing, plastic sandal, foam slippers, PVC cable material, ox sinew sole, foaming PVC shoe material, rubber shoe material, seal strips for doors & windows and automobiles & boats, PVC profile bar, soft board, soft&hard tubes, PVC heat shrinkable film, PVC tangle film, PVC panel, decorative plate, foaming hard board, etc. Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can completely replace DOP, DBP and DHP in PVC products without changing processing conditions.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and textile treatment products and dyes.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and machinery and vehicles.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer in the production of plastics and polymers.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate enhances the flexibility, workability, and mechanical properties of the materials, making them easier to process and improving their overall performance.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is employed in the formulation of coatings and paints.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the flow and leveling properties of the coatings, enhances adhesion to substrates, and contributes to the formation of a smooth and durable finish.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate finds application as a plasticizer in adhesives and sealants.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate improves the flexibility and workability of the formulations, enhancing their adhesive properties and enabling strong and reliable bonding.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the formulation of printing inks, particularly in gravure and flexographic printing.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps optimize ink flow, color development, and adhesion to substrates, resulting in high-quality printed materials.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized in the textile industry as a softener and plasticizer for fibers and fabrics.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate imparts a soft and supple feel to textiles, enhances their flexibility, and improves resistance to wrinkling and creasing.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is employed in the production of wire and cable insulation.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate enhances the flexibility and insulation properties of the materials, making them easier to handle and improving their resistance to temperature variations and mechanical stresses.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a lubricant or lubricant additive in various industrial applications.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps reduce friction and wear, improves the flow properties of lubricants, and enhances the performance and durability of machinery and equipment.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be incorporated into industrial cleaners to improve their solvency and cleaning efficiency.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and coolants.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve lubrication, heat dissipation, and corrosion protection during metal cutting, machining, and forming processes.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in the construction industry.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a plasticizer in construction materials such as PVC pipes, vinyl flooring, and roofing membranes, enhancing their flexibility, durability, and resistance to cracking.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be employed in various automotive applications.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer in automotive interior components such as dashboards, door panels, and trim, providing flexibility and durability to these parts.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can also be utilized in automotive coatings and adhesives, contributing to their performance and resistance to environmental conditions.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in the construction industry.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a plasticizer in construction materials such as PVC pipes, vinyl flooring, and roofing membranes.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate enhancing the flexibility and workability of these materials, it helps improve their installation, durability, and resistance to cracking.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be utilized as a plasticizer in wire and cable insulation formulations.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps enhance the flexibility and insulation properties of the materials, making them easier to handle and install also contributes to their resistance to temperature variations and mechanical stresses.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the production of packaging materials such as films, sheets, and containers.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the flexibility, clarity, and impact resistance of these materials, ensuring their suitability for packaging applications across various industries.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is employed in industrial coatings, including metal coatings, coil coatings, and industrial paints.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate contributes to the formulation's performance by enhancing adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals and weathering.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be utilized as a plasticizer in the production of leather and synthetic leather goods.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate imparts softness, flexibility, and a luxurious touch to the material, enhancing its overall quality.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the production of agricultural films, such as greenhouse films and mulch films.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate provides the necessary flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors to protect crops and improve agricultural practices.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in industrial adhesives used in various sectors, including woodworking, construction, and packaging.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the adhesive properties, flexibility, and workability of the formulations, allowing for strong and reliable bonding.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized in the printing industry, particularly in the formulation of specialty inks, such as those used for gravure printing.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate helps optimize ink flow, adhesion, and color development, resulting in high-quality printed materials.

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be incorporated into filtration media, such as membranes or filter papers, to enhance their properties.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can improve the flexibility, durability, and resistance to chemicals, making the filtration media more effective in various separation processes.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is a viscous liquid with a mild, slightly sweet odor.

Health Hazards:
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to the Diethylene glycol dibenzoate may lead to skin sensitization.
Inhalation or ingestion of diethylene glycol dibenzoate can cause irritation to the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system.

Environmental Hazards:
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate may have adverse effects on the environment if released into waterways or soil.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate can be toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term harmful effects in aquatic environments.

Flammability:
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is not considered highly flammable, but it may burn under certain conditions.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is not classified as acutely toxic however Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is important to follow proper handling procedures and avoid prolonged or excessive exposure to minimize potential risks.
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is essential to adhere to safety precautions and guidelines provided by manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and local regulations when working with diethylene glycol dibenzoate.

Synonyms
Diethylene glycol dibenzoate
120-55-8
Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) dibenzoate
2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethyl benzoate
Benzo Flex 2-45
Oxydiethylene dibenzoate
Diglycol dibenzoate
Dibenzoyldiethyleneglycol ester
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, dibenzoate
Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, 1,1'-dibenzoate
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL, DIBENZOATE
Benzoflex 2-45
Benzoic acid, diester with diethylene glycol
YAI66YDY1C
2,2'-Oxydiethylene dibenzoate
DTXSID0026967
MFCD00020679
DTXCID006967
2-[2-(Benzoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl benzoate
Benzoyloxyethoxyethyl benzoate
CAS-120-55-8
HSDB 5587
2-(2-(BENZOYLOXY)ETHOXY)ETHYL BENZOATE
EINECS 204-407-6
UNII-YAI66YDY1C
BRN 2509507
AI3-02293
FLEXOL 2GB
MONOCIZER PB 3
EC 204-407-6
VELSICOL 2-45
4-09-00-00356 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
SCHEMBL148713
CHEMBL2130591
Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl dibenzoate
Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl)dibenzoate
Tox21_201732
Tox21_300522
Di(ethylene glycol) dibenzoate, 90%
Diethylene Glycol Dibenzoate (DEGDB)
AKOS015889558
NCGC00164149-01
NCGC00164149-02
NCGC00164149-03
NCGC00254255-01
NCGC00259281-01
BS-48950
SY051963
2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl) dibenzoate
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE [INCI]
DB-041567
CS-0435534
D1522
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL, DIBENZOATE [HSDB]
FT-0624893
2-[2-(phenylcarbonyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl benzoate
benzoic acid 2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethyl ester
F71161
A804535
Q2450581
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER (ETHYL DIGLYME)
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme), or 2-Ethoxyethyl ether, is an organic solvent used to study the activities of enzymes in aqueous organic mixtures.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is a solvent for reactions performed at higher temperatures.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is involved in the preparation of nitrocellulose, resins, and adhesives.

CAS: 112-36-7
MF: C8H18O3
MW: 162.23
EINECS: 203-963-7

Synonyms
1,1’-oxybis(2-ethoxy-ethan;diethyldiethyleneglycol;Diethyldigol;diethyleneglycoldlethylether;Diethylether diethylenglykolu;diethyletherdiethylenglykolu;Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis*2-ethoxy-;Ethane,1,1’-oxybis[2-ethoxy-;DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER;112-36-7;2-Ethoxyethyl ether;1-Ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane;Diethyl carbitol;Ethyl diglyme;Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether;Diethyldiethylene glycol;Ether, bis(2-ethoxyethyl);3,6,9-Trioxaundecane;DEGDEE;diethyleneglycoldiethylether;Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-ethoxy-;Ethyldiglyme;2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)-1-ethoxyethane;Diethylether diethylenglykolu;1-Ethoxy-2-(beta-ethoxyethoxy)ethane;Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, diethyl ether;Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-ethoxy-;diethyleneglycol diethyl ether;DTXSID3025047;CHEBI:44664;ZH086O935Z;MFCD00009254
;Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, diethyl ether; Ethyldiglyme; Hisolve EDE;HSDB 68;P4G;Glycol, diethylene-, diethyl ether;EINECS 203-963-7;Diethylether diethylenglykolu [Czech];BRN 1699259;diethoxydiglycol;UNII-ZH086O935Z;AI3-19428;ethoxyethyl ether;HISOLVE EDE;(1-ethoxy)-ethyl ether;EC 203-963-7;diethyleneglycol diethylether;1,5-diethoxy-3-oxapentane;SCHEMBL16596;Diethylene glycol diethylether;DIETHOXYDIGLYCOL [INCI];1,1'-oxybis(2-ethoxy)ethane;1,1'-oxybis(2-ethoxyethane);DTXCID505047;CHEMBL1235106;Diethyl ene glycol diethyl ether;Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-ethoxy-];Tox21_302050;1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxyl)ethane;1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-ethane;AKOS015915322;1-Ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane #;DB08357;1-Ethoxy-2-(.beta.-ethoxyethoxy)ethane;NCGC00164135-01;NCGC00255128-01;CAS-112-36-7;B0489;DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER [MI];Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, HPLC Grade;NS00004273;DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIETHYL ETHER [HSDB];A802561;Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, for HPLC, >=99%;J-509308;Q5275148;Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, reagent grade, >=98%;F8881-4182;Z1255402671;2-Ethoxyethyl ether, Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether, Diethyldiglycol;Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98+ %;InChI=1/C8H18O3/c1-3-9-5-7-11-8-6-10-4-2/h3-8H2,1-2H

Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is a scrubbing medium to absorb carbonyl sulfide (COS), an impurity in petroleum refineries.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) could be used as an absorbent for CO2.
This absorbent has a high boiling point (462 K, in SciFinder), indicating that energy for absorbent regeneration and loss were saved.
In addition, this absorbent is chemically and thermally stable, non-corrosive, and has low density and viscosity.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is rich in philic-CO2 groups, which makes Diethylene glycol diethyl ether more effective for CO2 capture.
Li et al. found that carbonyl and ether groups in the absorbents improved CO2 solubility, and the carbonyl group was more effective than the ether group.
A polyether that consists of undecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 3, 6 and 9 are replaced by oxygen atoms.

Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is incompatible with strong acids.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is also incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is an organic solvent with a high boiling point.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is used as a solvent for reactions performed at higher temperatures.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is involved in the preparation of nitrocellulose, resins and adhesives.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is utilized as a scrubbing medium to absorb carbonyl sulfide (COS), an impurity in petroleum refineries.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is a glycol ether used as a solvent in the production of paints, varnishes, and other coatings.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) has been shown to be chemically stable and non-toxic when used at low concentrations.

Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) can also be used as an alternative solvent for x-ray crystallography experiments because Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) produces high quality crystals of proteins, nucleic acids, and other organic compounds.
The hydroxyl group on its structure makes Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) an excellent substrate for film formation.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is also able to bind to receptors in autoimmune diseases, which may be due to its structural similarity to the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is a compound that is related to a family of glycol ethers.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme)'s are a group of solvents based on alkylene oxides and alcohols.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme)'s typically have excellent solvent properties for a variety of substances and are used in a wide range of applications.

Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44.3 °C
Boiling point: 180-190 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.909 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 5.6 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.412(lit.)
Fp: 160 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear
Relative polarity: 3.9
Explosive limit: 6.2%
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 1.00
λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.10
λ: 320 nm Amax: 0.04
λ: 350-400 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,3118
BRN: 1699259
Dielectric constant: 5.7000000000000002
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May form peroxides on exposure to air - test for their presence before heating.
InChIKey: RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.39 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-36-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme)(112-36-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) (112-36-7)

The physical and chemical properties of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) and its derivatives have been extensively studied.
For instance, the infrared study and thermodynamics of hydrogen bonding in diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers have been analyzed, revealing multiple equilibria and thermodynamic quantities for the formation of different ring structures.
Additionally, the densities, refractive indices, speeds of sound, and shear viscosities of mixtures involving diethylene glycol dimethyl ether have been measured, providing valuable data for understanding the behavior of these compounds in various conditions.
These properties are crucial for the application of diethylene glycol ethers in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and coatings.

Uses
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is a very useful organic solvent.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) has a high boiling point and has been used to study the activities of enzymes in aqueous organic mixtures.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) is used to study the activities of enzymes in aqueous organic mixtures.
Solvent; high boiling reaction medium.

Preparation
2-Ethoxyethyl ether could be synthesized by reacting 1, 4-dioxane with diethyl ether.
ZSM-5-type zeolite was used as the catalyst.
This reaction is performed in an autoclave.

Purification Methods
Dry the ether with MgSO4, then CaH2 or LiAlH4, under N2.
If sodium is used, the ether should be redistilled alone to remove any products which may be formed by the action of sodium on the ether.
As a preliminary purification, the crude ether (2L) can be refluxed for 12hours with 25mL of conc HCl in 200mL of water, under reduced pressure, with slow passage of N2 to remove aldehydes and other volatile substances.
After cooling, add sufficient solid KOH pellets (slowly and with shaking until no more dissolves) to give two liquid phases.
The upper of these is decanted, dried with fresh KOH pellets, decanted, then refluxed over, and distilled from sodium.
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Diglyme) can be passed through (alkaline) alumina prior to purification.

Synthesis Analysis
The synthesis of diethylene glycol diethyl ether and its derivatives has been explored through various chemical reactions.
For instance, the synthesis of diethylene glycol ethyl ether can be achieved using diethylene glycol and ethanol with heteropoly acidic salts as catalysts, showing high activity and stability.
Similarly, diethylene glycol monoallyl ether can be synthesized from diethylene glycol, allyl chloride, and sodium hydroxide, using tetrabutylammonium chloride as a phase transfer catalyst.
These methods demonstrate the versatility of diethylene glycol ethers' synthesis, allowing for the production of various derivatives with potential applications in different industries.
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether has a role as a protic solvent.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an excellent aprotic polar solvent.


CAS Number: 1002-67-1
EC Number: 213-690-5
MDL Number: MFCD01727263
Molecular Formula: C7H16O3



Ethane, 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-, Ethane, 1-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methoxy-, 1-Ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, Diethylene glycol, ethyl methyl ether,
Ethanol, 2,2′-oxybis-, ethyl methyl ether, Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, Hisolve EDM, Hysorb EDM, Hisolve EDM-S, 1-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)-2-methoxyethane, EDM-S, 1-ETHOXY-2-(2-METHOXYETHOXY)ETHANE, DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER, DIETHYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHYL ETHER, DIETHYLENE GLYCOL, ETHYL METHYL ETHER, ETHANE, 1-(2-ETHOXYETHOXY)-2-METHOXY-, ETHANE, 1 -ETHOXY-2- (2-METHOXYETHOXY)-, ETHANOL, 2,2'-OXYBIS-, ETHYL METHYL ETHER, HISOLVE EDM, DEME, Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, DEMEE, DGMEE, 2,5,8-Trioxadecane, ethylmethylether diethylenglykolu, 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, 2-ethoxyethyl 2-methoxyethyl ether, DiethyleneGlycolEthylMethylEther>DIETHYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHYL ETHE, 2,5,8-Trioxadecane, 1-Ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, Diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, DiethyleneGlycolMethylEthylEtherC7H16O3, Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, 2-ethoxyethyl 2-methoxyethyl ether, ethylmethylether diethylenglykolu, 2,5,8-Trioxadecane, Ethane,1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-, Ethane,1-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methoxy-, 1-Ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, Diethylene glycol,ethyl methyl ether, Ethanol,2,2′-oxybis-,ethyl methyl ether, Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, Hisolve EDM, Hysorb EDM, Hisolve EDM-S, 1-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)-2-methoxyethane, EDM-S, 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, Diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, DiethyleneGlycolMethylEthylEtherC7H16O3, Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, 2-ethoxyethyl 2-methoxyethyl ether, ethylmethylether diethylenglykolu, 2,5,8-Trioxadecane, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether (DEMEE)



Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a colorless, odorless liquid that is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry.
Proper protective gear such as gloves and goggles should be worn when handling this product.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether should also be stored in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat or ignition.


Performance data shows that Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether meets high purity standards and does not have any significant environmental impacts when handled properly.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an excellent aprotic polar solvent.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a product of Ethylene Oxide and Methanol.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is chemically known as a Methyl Diglycol, 2-hydroxy-2-methoxy-diethyl ether.
Commercially Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is known as a Methyl Carbitol, which is a trademark of Union Carbide.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an excellent solvent for the various resins & paste etc.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether appears as a colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild pleasant odor.
The flash point of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is near 190 °F.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether has a role as a protic solvent.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a diether, a primary alcohol, a hydroxypolyether and a glycol ether.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is functionally related to a diethylene glycol.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is organic solvent commonly used in the cosmetic industry and ink industry.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a relatively non-volatile solvent and therefore it is included only in special lacquer formulations, principally nitrocellulose lacquers, to improve the properties of the lacquers.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether can be stabilized with 2, 6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol (0.005%).


Owning to Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether's low volatility small quantity can be added to lacquer solutions.
The dilution capacity of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is very good.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is also used in aviation industry as FSII– Dicing – Anti Icing agent.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether does not attack rubber.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is also used in the printing ink, industry and in the production of ballpoint pen ink.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an excellent performance of high boiling point organic solvent, widely used in organic synthesis solvent and ink, production dyes, resins, paints, cleaning agents, special inks, coating technology fields.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used in the field of organic synthetic solvent, ink and coating
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether has applications in coatings, adhesives, and cleaning agents.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an aromatic hydrocarbon that has a carbonyl group.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used in the production of polyurethane elastomers and as a solvent for nitrocellulose and other coatings.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether has been detected in the environment, food, and cosmetics at low levels.
The detection sensitivity of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is very high, making it useful for detecting other substances such as glycol ethers, fatty acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and cross-linking agents.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used as organic synthesis solvent and inks, coatings technology fields.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used Ink, toner, and colorant products.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used to make soaps, dyes, and other chemicals.


Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used an important and excellent organic solvents.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used mainly in the industry of ink, paint and cosmetic etc.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used in the production of polyurethane elastomers and as a solvent for nitrocellulose and other coatings.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether has been detected in the environment, food, and cosmetics at low levels.


The detection sensitivity of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is very high, making it useful for detecting other substances such as glycol ethers, fatty acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and cross-linking agents.
Materials Uses of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether: Lacking a hydroxyl group, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether can be used as a solvent for a wide range of applications.



SYNTHESIS OF DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
5 parts of H-type ZSM-5 (SiO2 / Al2O3 = 280), 50 parts of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether 50 parts were charged into a reaction vessel and heated up to 180C under stirring for 8 hours It stirred.
After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was measured the relative amounts of products were analyzed by gas chromatography.

The composition of the resulting Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether was 7.7%.
Further, resulting in the product, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol diethyl ether, were contained in 3.7% and 5.2% of the composition ratio, respectively as by-products.

By the diethylene glycol dimethyl ether exchange reaction together diethylene glycol monomethyl ether of the raw material, the diethylene glycol diethyl ether by ether exchange reaction together diethylene glycol monoethyl ether starting material, believed to be respectively obtained.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a useful research chemical.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an aromatic hydrocarbon that has a carbonyl group.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
CBNumber:CB7855379
Molecular Formula:C7H16O3
Molecular Weight:148.2
MDL Number:MFCD01727263
MOL File:1002-67-1.mo
Melting point: -72°C
Boiling point: 208.81°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.0100 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 2.1Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4080-1.4120
Flash point: 82°C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
form: clear liquid
color: Colorless to Almost colorless
Water Solubility: 1000g/L at 20℃

InChI: InChI=1S/C7H16O3/c1-3-9-6-7-10-5-4-8-2/h3-7H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(OCC)COCCOC
LogP: -0.1 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 1002-67-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: LF64ICW5Y3
EPA Substance Registry System: Diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether (1002-67-1)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas) No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 82 °C - open cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0,925 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS number: 1002-67-1
EC number: 213-690-5

Hill Formula: C₇H₁₆O₃
Molar Mass: 148.2 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 19 90
Density: 0.925 g/cm3
Flash point: 82 °C
Melting Point: -72 °C
Solubility: 76 g/l
Chemical Name or Material: Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether
Color: Colorless
Molecular Formula: C7H16O3
Synonym: 2,5,8-Trioxadecane, 1-Ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane
SMILES: CCOCCOCCOC
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 148.20
Formula Weight: 148.20
Physical Form: Liquid
CAS: 1002-67-1
Boiling Point: 179°C

MDL Number: MFCD01727263
UN Number: 3271
InChI Key: CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name: 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane
PubChem CID: 13847
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (GC)
IUPAC Name: 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane
Molecular Weight: 148.2
Molecular Formula: C7H16O3
Canonical SMILES: CCOCCOCCOC
InChI Key: CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 167.9ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point: 53.8ºC
Density: 0.908g/cm³
Appearance: white crystal solid.
EC Number: 213-690-5
Exact Mass: 148.11000
H-Bond Acceptor: 3
H-Bond Donor: 0

Molecular formula: C7H16O3
Molecular weight: 148.21
CAS: 1002-67-1
EINECS RN: 213-690-5
InChI: 1S/C7H16O3/c1-3-9-6-7-10-5-4-8-2/h3-7H2,1-2H3
Appearance: colorless transparent liquid
Boiling point(101.3kPa): 176℃
Refractive index(25℃): 1.4049
Flash point: 82℃
Density 0.9228 g/mL
Surface tension(mN/M)20℃: 27.5
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol and other organic solvents
Purity(GC)%: ≥99.5
Moisture%: ≤0.1

Acidity(as HAC)%: ≤0.015
Peroxide(as H2O2)%:≤0.005
Molecular Weight: 148.20000
Exact Mass:148.20
EC Number:213-690-5
UNII:LF64ICW5Y3
HScode:2909199090
Characteristics
PSA:27.69000
XLogP3:0.68590
Appearance:Liquid
Density:0.908g/cm3
Boiling Point:179 °C
Flash Point:53.8ºC
Molecular Formula/Molecular Weight: C7H16O3=148.20

CAS No: 1002-67-1
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Colorless
Melting Point: n/a
Condition to Avoid: n/a
Refractive Index: 1.41
Specific Gravity: 0.92
MDL No: MFCD01727263
UN No: 3271
Hazard Class: 3
CAS registration number: 1002-67-1
Unique Ingredient Identifier: LF64ICW5Y3
Molecular formula: C7H16O3
International Chemical Identifier (InChI): CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(OCCOC)COCC



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYL METHYL ETHER
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an aromatic hydrocarbon that has a carbonyl group.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used in the production of polyurethane elastomers and as a solvent for nitrocellulose and other coatings.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether has been detected in the environment, food, and cosmetics at low levels.

CAS Number: 1002-67-1
Molecular Formula: C7H16O3
Molecular Weight: 148.2
EINECS Number: 213-690-5

1-ETHOXY-2-(2-METHOXYETHOXY)ETHANE, 1002-67-1, Diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, 1-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methoxyethane, 2,5,8-Trioxadecane, Ethane, 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-, LF64ICW5Y3, 2-Ethoxyethyl 2-methoxyethyl ether, ME2, EINECS 213-690-5, Ether, 2-ethoxyethyl 2-methoxyethyl, UNII-LF64ICW5Y3, BRN 1698464, Ethylmethylether diethylenglykolu [Czech], Ethylmethylether diethylenglykolu, HISOLVE EDM, Ethane, 1-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methoxy-, SCHEMBL94287, DTXSID80883636, CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N, MFCD01727263, AKOS006275945, DB03508, BS-19010, CS-0136456, D4280, DIETHYLENE GLYCOL, ETHYL METHYL ETHER, NS00042666, F71178, ETHANOL, 2,2'-OXYBIS-, ETHYL METHYL ETHER, P-NITROPHENYL6-DEOXY-ALPHA-L-MANNOPYRANOSIDE, Q27094442.

Diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether is an excellent aprotic polar solvent.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a colorless, clear liquid solvent used in the chemical industry for various applications.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is commonly used as a solvent for resins, dyes, oils, and waxes.

The detection sensitivity of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is very high, making it useful for detecting other substances such as glycol ethers, fatty acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and cross-linking agents.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether may be carcinogenic due to its reactive hydroxyl group and its ability to cross-link DNA.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an organic compound that is commonly used as an industrial solvent.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used as a potential solvent for the separation of aromatic-paraffinic compounds.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkyl ethers.
These are organic compounds containing the dialkyl ether functional group, with the formula ROR', where R and R' are alkyl groups.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether has low toxicity but can cause irritation to skin and eyes upon direct contact.
Proper safety measures such as wearing gloves and eye protection should be taken when handling this product.
The recommended storage temperature range is between 2°C to 8°C in a well-ventilated area away from heat sources or flames.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether comes in a bottle of 100mL volume and meets high purity standards for use in laboratory research and industrial processes.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether appears as a colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild pleasant odor.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used to make soaps, dyes, and other chemicals.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether has a role as a protic solvent.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a diether, a primary alcohol, a hydroxypolyether and a glycol ether.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is functionally related to a diethylene glycol.
Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether is used in the following products: inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products.
Other release to the environment of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether, often abbreviated as DEGEMME, is a chemical compound belonging to the family of glycol ethers.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor.
The chemical structure of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether involves two ethylene glycol units (diethylene glycol), one ethyl group, and one methyl group.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a water-soluble liquid, boiling point 245 C, and is soluble in many organic solvents.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is produced by the partial hydrolysis of ethylene oxide. Depending on the conditions, varying amounts of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether and related glycols are produced.
The resulting product is two ethylene glycol molecules joined by an ether bond, Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is derived as a co product with ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol.
TCC’s Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used as a dehydrating agent for natural gas; a raw material for the production of plasticizers and polyester resins; a humectant; a textile lubricant and coupling agent; a solvent in textile dyeing and printing; a constituent of hydraulic fluids; a plasticizer for paper, cork and synthetic sponges; a solvent in printing inks; a raw material for the production of esters used as emulsifiers, demulsifiers, and lubricants; and a selective solvent for aromatics in petroleum refining.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is the second member of a homologous series of dihydroxyalcohols.
The markets for DEG products are polyester fibres, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, coolants in automobile antifreeze, and resins.
The excellent humectant (hygroscopicity) property of Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether also makes it ideal for use in fibres treatment, paper, adhesives, printing inks, leather and cellophane.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is also used for the removal of water from gas streams (dehydration).
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Etheris not flammable, unless preheated.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a colorless, practically odorless, poisonous, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a widely used solvent.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether can be a contaminant in consumer products.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used as a building block in organic synthesis, e.g. of morpholine and 1,4-dioxane.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a solvent for nitrocellulose, resins, dyes, oils, and other organic compounds.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is a humectant for tobacco, cork, printing ink, and glue.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is also a component in brake fluid, lubricants, wallpaper strippers, artificial fog and haze solutions, and heating/cooking fuel.In personal care products (e.g. skin cream and lotions, deodorants), Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is often replaced by selected Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ethers.
A dilute solution of Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ethercan also be used as a cryoprotectant; however, ethylene glycol is much more commonly used.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is known for its solvent properties, making it suitable for dissolving a variety of substances.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether can be used as a solvent in various applications, including coatings, paints, inks, and cleaning products.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is partially soluble in water, and this property can be advantageous in certain formulations where a combination of water and organic solvents is required.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is commonly used as a solvent in the formulation of coatings and paints.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether helps to improve the application characteristics, viscosity, and drying properties of these products.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether make it useful in the formulation of inks, especially in the printing industry.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether aids in achieving the desired consistency and performance of printing inks.
Due to its solvency characteristics, Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether can be found in certain cleaning products, such as degreasers and industrial cleaners.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether may be used in the formulation of surface coatings, including wood finishes and varnishes, to enhance their application and performance.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether can also serve as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds in the chemical industry.
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether 's production and use as a high boiling reaction medium, and as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers, resins, and organic syntheses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.
If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.52 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours.

If released to soil, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 39. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-7 atm-cu m/mole.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure.
Biodegradation of Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is not expected to be an important fate process in soil or water based on biodegradation studies conducted with sewage seed.

If released into water, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc.
Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant.
An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Occupational exposure to Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is produced or used.
Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ethervia inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether .
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Etheris considered to be a safe and tolerable pharmaceutical-grade glycol ether when used at 99.9% purity.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether also acts as an intracutaneous depot for multiple drugs to reach different layers of the skin.
The solvent is massively gaining demand in dermatology sector as Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether has the ability to penetrate through the eisoderm of the skin and aid in healing the root cause.
Owing to these factors, Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Ether is anticipated to witness high growth in pharmaceutical and personal care application in near future.

Diethylene Glycol Ethyl Methyl Etheris used in the synthesis of morpholine and 1,4-dioxane.
TEG is displacing Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether in many of these applications on account of its lower toxicity.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether finds use as a vinyl plasticizer, as an intermediate in the manufacture of polyester resins and polyols, and as a solvent in many miscellaneous applications.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is derived as a coproduct in the manufacture of ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide, and from "onpurpose" Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether production using Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether.

Melting point: -72°C
Boiling point: 208.81°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.0100 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 2.1Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4080-1.4120
Flash point: 82°C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
form: clear liquid
color: Colorless to Almost colorless
Water Solubility: 1000g/L at 20℃
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H16O3/c1-3-9-6-7-10-5-4-8-2/h3-7H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: CNJRPYFBORAQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(OCC)COCCOC
LogP: -0.1 at 20℃

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ethers are a well-known series of solvents and hydraulic fluids derived from the reaction of ethylene oxide and monoalcohols.
Use of methanol as the alcohol results in a series of mono, di and triethylene glycol methyl ethers.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is an organic compound with the formula HC(OC2H5)3.

This colorless volatile liquid, the orthoester of formic acid, is commercially available.
The industrial synthesis is from hydrogen cyanide and ethanol.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may also be prepared from the reaction of sodium ethoxide, formed in-situ from sodium and absolute ethanol, and chloroform:

CHCl3 + 3 Na + 3 EtOH → HC(OEt)3 + 3⁄2 H2 + 3 NaCl Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Etheris used in the Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis, for example: RMgBr + HC(OC2H5)3 → RC(H)(OC2H5)2 +
MgBr(OC2H5) ; RC(H)(OC2H5)2 + H2O → RCHO + 2 C2H5OH .
In coordination chemistry, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is used to convert metal aquo complexes to the corresponding ethanol complexes: [Ni(H2O)6](BF4)2 + 6 HC(OC2H5)3 → [Ni(C2H5OH)6](BF4)2 + 6 HC(O)(OC2H5) + 6 HOC2H5.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is an excellent reagent for converting compatible carboxylic acids to ethyl esters.

Such carboxylic acids, refluxed neat in excess TEOF until low-boilers cease evolution, are quantitatively converted to the ethyl esters, without need for extraneous catalysis.
Alternatively, added to ordinary esterifications using catalytic acid and ethanol, TEOF helps drive esterification to completion by converting the byproduct water formed to ethanol and ethyl formate.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether are organic compounds in which an oxygen atom is connected to two carbon groups.

Unlike alcohols, ethers are fairly unreactive (except towards combustion)
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether forms explosive peroxides on prolonged exposure to air.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether decomposition products may be sensitive to shock.

The bulk chemical is stable for 2 weeks at temperatures up to 140° F when protected from light.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is also incompatible with strong acids.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may react with peroxides, oxygen, nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ethers are a group of solvents based on alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol commonly used in paints and cleaners.
These solvents typically have a higher boiling point, together with the favorable solvent properties of lower-molecular weight ethers and alcohols.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ethers are either "e-series" or "p-series" glycol ethers, depending on whether they are made from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, respectively.
Typically, e-series glycol ethers are found in pharmaceuticals, sunscreens, cosmetics, inks, dyes and water-based paints, while p-series glycol ethers are used in degreasers, cleaners, aerosol paints and adhesives.
Both E-series glycol ethers and P-series glycol ethers can be used as intermediates that undergo further chemical reactions, producing glycol diethers and glycol ether acetates.

P-series glycol ethers are marketed as having lower toxicity than the E-series.
Most glycol ethers are water-soluble, biodegradable and only a few are considered toxic.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is used in articles, in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Release to the environment of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether can occur from industrial use, manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether is likely to occur from: indoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.

Diethylene Glycol Diethyl Ether can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and polymers.

Uses:
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is frequently used as a solvent in the formulation of paints and coatings.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether helps dissolve and disperse the components of the formulation, contributing to the application properties and performance of the final coating.
In the printing industry, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether serves as a solvent and a component in the formulation of inks.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether contributes to the ink's viscosity, drying time, and printability.
Due to its solvency and compatibility with various resins, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is employed in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether helps improve the application and bonding characteristics of these products.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether's solvency makes it suitable for use in certain cleaning products, including surface cleaners and degreasers.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether aids in the removal of dirt, grease, and other contaminants.
Industrial cleaners, especially those used for equipment and machinery, may contain Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether as a solvent for effective cleaning and degreasing.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is utilized in the formulation of wood finishes and varnishes to enhance their application properties and contribute to the development of a durable and smooth finish.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether can serve as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds in the chemical industry, contributing to the production of various specialty chemicals.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is sometimes used in the electronics industry, particularly in the manufacturing of semiconductors and electronic components, where precise cleaning and compatibility with materials are crucial.

In addition to its use in paints, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is employed in surface coatings and primers to enhance adhesion, wetting, and film formation.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be used in the formulation of metalworking fluids and cutting oils, where it contributes to the lubricating and cooling properties of the fluids used in machining processes.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether can be found in formulations for automotive products such as coatings, paints, and cleaning agents, contributing to the aesthetics and maintenance of automotive surfaces.

In certain formulations, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be used in hydraulic fluids to improve solubility and stability, ensuring the proper functioning of hydraulic systems.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may find applications in the leather industry, where it can be used in formulations for leather coatings and finishes.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is solvency properties can contribute to achieving desired characteristics in leather products.

In the textile industry, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be used in the formulation of textile dyes and finishes.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is solubility and compatibility with various chemicals make it valuable for certain processes in textile production.
Some cosmetic and personal care products, such as hair care and skin care formulations, may contain Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether as an ingredient.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ethers solvency and stability characteristics can contribute to the formulation of certain cosmetic products.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is employed as a component in degreasing agents, which are used in various industrial settings for the removal of oils and greases from surfaces.
Due to its suitability for ink formulations, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is utilized in gravure and flexographic printing processes, contributing to the production of packaging materials, labels, and other printed materials.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be used in certain formulations within the electroplating industry, where precise cleaning and compatibility with metal surfaces are important.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether can be found in some aerosol formulations, such as spray paints and cleaners, where its properties contribute to the proper dispersion and application of the product.
In polymer processing, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be utilized as a solvent or processing aid in the production of certain polymers and resin-based materials.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be used as a component in fuel additives, where its properties contribute to the effectiveness of the additive in improving fuel characteristics.
Its solvency makes Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether suitable for inclusion in metal cleaning and polishing compounds, contributing to the removal of tarnish and stains from metal surfaces.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether can be found in certain ink formulations used in inkjet printing, where it contributes to the stability and performance of the ink.

In the construction industry, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be used in formulations for concrete coatings and sealers, contributing to the protection and aesthetic enhancement of concrete surfaces.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be included in flux removers used in soldering and electronics manufacturing to clean and remove flux residues from electronic components.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be included in formulations for graffiti removers, contributing to the effective removal of paint or ink from various surfaces.

Due to its solvency and compatibility, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be used in formulations for anti-fogging agents, particularly in products designed for eyewear or transparent surfaces.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether can be utilized as a component in the formulation of certain lubricant additives, contributing to improved lubrication and stability.
In the agricultural sector, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether might find use in formulations for certain pesticide products, where its solvency and stability properties are advantageous.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be employed in the dispersion of resins in certain formulations, aiding in achieving a homogeneous mixture in the production of coatings and adhesives.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be utilized in formulations for textile printing, contributing to the development of inks that adhere well to fabrics and provide vibrant prints.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether could be used in the dyeing industry to assist in the dispersion and application of dyes to various materials.

In metalworking processes, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be used as a component in formulations for metal degreasing agents, helping to prepare surfaces for subsequent treatments.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may find application in the formulation of floor polishes and waxes, contributing to the ease of application and the glossy finish of treated surfaces.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether can be included in formulations for furniture polishes to enhance the cleaning and shine properties of the product.

In the rubber industry, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether might be used in certain formulations for rubber processing or as a component in rubber adhesives.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be utilized in the formulation of certain firefighting foams, contributing to the stability and effectiveness of the foam.
In the formulation of certain insect repellents, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may be included as a component for solubilizing active ingredients.

Safety Profile:
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether may cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, to minimize the risk of skin or eye exposure.
Inhalation of vapor or mist from Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether should be avoided.

Prolonged or high-level exposure to vapors may cause respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation and, if necessary, the use of respiratory protection should be considered in areas where Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is handled.
Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is not intended, and it can be harmful if swallowed.

Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether is essential to exercise caution to prevent accidental ingestion.
In case of ingestion, seeking medical attention is advisable.

Some individuals may develop sensitivities or allergic reactions to Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether.
Skin patch tests should be conducted to assess potential sensitization in individuals who may come into contact with the substance.


DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER
3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether; DEG; 2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Diglycol; Dihydroxydiethyl ether; 2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether; Ethylene diglycol; 2,2'-Oxybisethanol; 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol; cas no: 111-46-6
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (CARBITOL)
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol), also known under many trade names, is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is a colorless liquid.
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is a popular solvent for commercial applications.

CAS: 111-90-0
MF: C6H14O3
MW: 134.17
EINECS: 203-919-7

Synonyms
2,2’-oxybis-ethanomonoethylether;-2-Ethoxyethoxy;3,6-Dioxa-1-octanol;3,6-Dioxa-1-oktanol;3,6-Dioxaoctan-1-ol;3-Oxapentane-1,5-diolethylether;aethyldiaethylenglycol;Carbitol cellosolve;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether;2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;111-90-0;CARBITOL;Transcutol;Ethoxydiglycol;2(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;Ethoxy diglycol;Ethyl carbitol;Dioxitol;Ethyl digol;Carbitol solvent;Transcutol P;Ethanol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-;Solvolsol;Losungsmittel apv;Dowanol DE;Diethylene glycol ethyl ether;Carbitol cellosolve;Diglycol monoethyl ether;DEGMEE;Ektasolve DE;Ethyl diethylene glycol;3,6-Dioxa-1-octanol;Dowanol 17;Karbitol;2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy) ethanol;Diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether;Ethylene diglycol monoethyl ether;Monoethyl ether of diethylene glycol;3,6-Dioxa-1-oktanol;Aethyldiaethylenglycol;HSDB 51;2-(Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;O-Ethyldigol;Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, monoethyl ether;EINECS 203-919-7;UNII-A1A1I8X02B;NSC 408451;PM 1799;BRN 1736441;A1A1I8X02B;DTXSID2021941;CHEBI:40572;AI3-01740;3,6-Dioxaoctan-1-ol;NSC-408451;1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane;DTXCID501941;EC 203-919-7;MFCD00002872;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether [NF;Karbitol [Czech];149818-01-9;2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)-ethanol;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (NF);Acetamide, N-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolidinyl-, monohydrochloride, 3S-3.alpha.,4.beta;AE3;CAS-111-90-0;Aethyldiaethylenglycol [German];DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (II);DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER [II];3,6-Dioxa-1-oktanol [Czech];DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (USP-RS);DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER [USP-RS];DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (EP MONOGRAPH);DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER [EP MONOGRAPH];Ethyldiglycol;Ethyldigol;Diethoxol;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol;Eastman DE;Ethyl Di-Icinol;DEGEE;(Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;2-(2ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;PEG-3EO;3, 6-Dioxa-1-octanol;CARBITOL SOLVENT;LOW;diethyleneglycolmonoethylether;ETHYLDIETHYLENE GLYCOL;2-(2'-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;SCHEMBL16399;2-(beta-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;diethyleneglycol monoethylether;WLN: Q2O2O2;2-(2-ethoxy-ethoxy)-ethanol;Di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether;2-(.beta.-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol;2-(2-ETHOXY) ETHANOL;CHEMBL1230841;diethylene glycol-monoethyl ether;Polyethylene glycol-3-ethoxylate;Tox21_200413;Tox21_300080;Ethanol,2'-oxybis-, monoethyl ether;NSC408451;STL453580;AKOS009031390;1ST2599;DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ESTER;Ehanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, monoethyl ether;NCGC00247898-01;NCGC00247898-02;NCGC00254003-01;NCGC00257967-01;Di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether, >=99%;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, >=99%;CS-0015134;E0048;NS00004749
;DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER [MI];EN300-19319;1ST2599-1000;D08904;D7250;DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER [HSDB];A802441;DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER [WHO-DD];Q416399;J-505606;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ReagentPlus(R), 99%;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Solution in Methanol, 1000mug/mL;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%;Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is produced by the ethoxylation of ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.
A colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild pleasant odor.
Flash point near 190°F.
Used to make soaps, dyes, and other chemicals.

Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -80 °C
Boiling point: 202 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.999 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 4.63 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.12 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.427(lit.)
Fp: 205 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility water: soluble
Form: Liquid
pka: 14.37±0.10(Predicted)
Color: Clear colorless
Odor: Weakly fruity; mild and characteristic.
Explosive limit: 1.8-12.2%(V)
Water Solubility: Miscible
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,1800
BRN: 1736441
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Note wide explosion limits.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides. Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.54 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 111-90-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) (111-90-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) (111-90-0)

Reactivity Profile
Mixing Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid and oleum, NFPA 1991.

Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is a colorless, stable, hygroscopic liquid of a mild, pleasant odor.
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is completely miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, ketones, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
Owing to the fact that Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) contains an ether-alcohol-hydrocarbon group in the molecule, it has the power to dissolve a wide variety of substances such as oils, fats, waxes, dyes, camphor and natural resins like copal resin, kauri, mastic, rosin, sandarac, shellac, as well as several types of synthetic resins.
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is used as a solvent in synthetic resin coating compositions, and in lacquers, where high-boiling solvents are desired.

Uses
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) has low setting point and low viscocity at low temperature so it is used in manufacturing brake fluid.
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is used as a flow and gloss promoter in paint industries, in production of printing ink and as a cleaner in offset printing.
Also used in textile as a solvent for dyestuff in the printing and dying of fiber & fabrics, in the production & wood preservaties.
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is suitable for use as solvent for the polymer electrospinning.
Usually used as solvent for the polymer electrospinning.

Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is a solvent for dyes, nitrocellulose, paints, inks, and resins.
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is a component of wood stains for wood, for setting the twist and conditioning yarns and cloth, in textile printing, textile soaps, lacquers, penetration enhancer in cosmetics, drying varnishes and enamels, and brake fluids.
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is used to determine the saponification values of oils and as a neutral solvent for mineral oil-soap and mineral oil-sulfated oil mixtures (giving fine dispersions in water).
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Carbitol) is also widely used as a solvent in a number of cosmetics and personal care products, including face cream, deodorant, makeup, hair dye, and sunless tanner.
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOHEXYL ETHER (DEGME)

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, often abbreviated as DEGME, is a chemical compound belonging to the family of glycol ethers.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is a clear and colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is used in various industrial applications due to its solvent properties, making it effective in formulations for paints, coatings, inks, and cleaning products.

CAS Number: 112-59-4
EC (European Community) Number: 203-976-8
Chemical Formula: C10H22O4 or CH3O(CH2)5O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH
Molecular Weight: Approximately 206.28 g/mol

Diethylene glycol hexyl ether, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexanoate, Hexyl CARBITOL™, DEGME, Hexyl diethylene glycol ether, Hexyl carbitol, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexyl ether, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl caproate, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl n-hexanoate, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexyl ester, Hexyl diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, Diethylene glycol hexyl ester, Hexyl diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexyl acetate, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl caproate, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl n-hexanoate, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexyl ester, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexyl ether, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexyl ester, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexyl ether, 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl hexyl ester



APPLICATIONS


Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) finds extensive application as a solvent in the formulation of paints, enabling the dispersion of pigments and resins.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) serves as a vital component in the production of coatings, contributing to the enhancement of film quality and durability.
In the ink industry, DEGME is utilized for its solvency properties, aiding in the stable formulation of inks and dyes.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s effectiveness as a coalescing agent makes it valuable in the creation of water-based paints, ensuring proper film formation.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is employed as a cleaning agent in various industrial and household products, excelling in degreasing and removing contaminants.
Its role in certain paint strippers is attributed to its ability to break down and facilitate the removal of coatings and finishes.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) acts as a powerful degreasing agent, making it suitable for applications where the removal of oily substances is essential.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is recognized for its compatibility with a variety of materials, making it versatile in different formulations.
In the creation of adhesives and sealants, DEGME's compatibility and solvency properties contribute to the formulation's effectiveness.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s use in cleaning solutions extends to its capacity for removing stubborn residues and contaminants from surfaces.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s clear and colorless appearance makes it ideal for applications requiring visual clarity, such as transparent coatings.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is incorporated into certain formulations as a plasticizer and modifier due to its role as a diethylene glycol hexyl ester.
Its use in industrial processes as a reliable solvent emphasizes its versatility and effectiveness in various applications.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is employed for its solvency in both water-based and solvent-based formulations.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s hydrophobic and hydrophilic balance, characteristic of a hexyl ether, contributes to its versatility in different formulations.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s mild odor makes it suitable for formulations where minimal or no fragrance is desired, such as certain cleaning products.
In specialty applications, Hexyl diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, a derivative of DEGME, is recognized for its unique properties.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s compatibility with various materials makes it a valuable component in the development of adhesives and sealants.
Its solubility in water enhances its suitability for formulations requiring water miscibility, expanding its range of applications.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is employed as a degreasing agent in applications where the removal of stubborn residues and contaminants is crucial.
Its inclusion in certain formulations aligns with its role in breaking down and facilitating the removal of layers, such as in paint strippers.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) serves as a coalescing agent in formulations where uniform film formation is essential, ensuring quality and performance.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s application in the creation of environmentally friendly and high-performance industrial products remains significant.
In the production of transparent coatings, DEGME is valued for its clear and colorless properties, contributing to visual appeal.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s solvency properties make it indispensable in the formulation of inks, coatings, and cleaning solutions across various industries.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is employed as a viscosity modifier in certain formulations, influencing the thickness and flow characteristics of the end product.
In the manufacturing of printing inks, DEGME contributes to the stability and consistency of color formulations.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s role as a film-forming agent in coatings makes it valuable in the production of protective and decorative finishes.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is utilized in the creation of specialty cleaning products, offering superior degreasing capabilities in industrial settings.

As a co-solvent in pesticide formulations, DEGME enhances the dispersion and effectiveness of active ingredients.
In the electronics industry, DEGME is used in the formulation of cleaning solutions for delicate electronic components and circuit boards.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s solvency properties make it suitable for the formulation of varnishes and lacquers, contributing to their application and durability.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s compatibility with various resins makes it an essential component in the production of adhesive formulations.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is employed in the formulation of wood finishes and stains, providing effective penetration and color enhancement.
Its use in automotive refinishing applications extends to paint formulations, where it aids in achieving high-quality and durable coatings.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) serves as a coupling agent in certain formulations, enhancing the compatibility of diverse ingredients.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is utilized in the formulation of industrial and institutional cleaners, ensuring effective removal of contaminants.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s inclusion in certain hydraulic fluids contributes to their lubricating properties and overall performance.

As a component in metalworking fluids, DEGME aids in cooling and lubrication during machining processes.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is employed in the formulation of conveyor belt lubricants, ensuring smooth operation and longevity of the belts.
Its use in specialty cleaning products extends to applications in the maintenance and cleaning of machinery and equipment.

In the creation of household cleaning products, DEGME contributes to their effectiveness in removing stains and dirt.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is utilized in the formulation of rust removers, assisting in the removal of rust and corrosion from metal surfaces.

Its role in the production of degassing agents contributes to their efficiency in removing air bubbles from various formulations.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s solvency properties make it suitable for use in the formulation of certain personal care products, such as hand sanitizers.
In the leather industry, DEGME is employed in the formulation of leather finishing products, contributing to texture and appearance.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is used in the production of lubricity improvers, enhancing the lubricating properties of various formulations.

Its compatibility with certain elastomers makes DEGME valuable in the formulation of rubber products.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) serves as an effective component in the creation of ink removers and cleaning solutions for printing equipment.
In the textile industry, DEGME is utilized in dyeing processes, aiding in the dispersion and fixation of dyes on fabrics.



DESCRIPTION


Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, often abbreviated as DEGME, is a chemical compound belonging to the family of glycol ethers.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is a clear and colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is used in various industrial applications due to its solvent properties, making it effective in formulations for paints, coatings, inks, and cleaning products.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, commonly known as DEGME, is a clear and colorless liquid with a faint, characteristic odor.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) exhibits excellent solvency properties, making it a versatile component in various industrial formulations.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is valued for its role as a solvent in the production of paints, coatings, and inks, where it aids in the dispersion of pigments and resins.
With its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances, DEGME is an effective ingredient in cleaning products, contributing to their degreasing and cleaning capabilities.

As a coalescing agent in paint formulations, DEGME facilitates the formation of a continuous film, improving the overall quality and durability of the coating.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s viscosity-modifying properties make it valuable in formulations where the thickness or flow characteristics of the product need adjustment.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is often used in the creation of industrial and household products, leveraging its solvent strength for effective performance.

In cleaning solutions, DEGME's solvency aids in removing greases, oils, and contaminants from various surfaces.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) serves as an essential ingredient in certain paint strippers, enhancing their efficacy in removing coatings and finishes.
Due to its ability to dissolve in water, DEGME is considered a versatile solvent in both water-based and solvent-based formulations.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is recognized for its compatibility with a range of materials, making it suitable for diverse applications.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s role as a diethylene glycol hexyl ester contributes to its effectiveness as a plasticizer and modifier in certain formulations.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s use in inks and dyes is attributed to its ability to maintain stability and consistency in color formulations.
In the creation of cleaning solutions, DEGME acts as a powerful agent for removing stubborn residues and contaminants from surfaces.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is acknowledged for its effectiveness in industrial processes requiring a reliable solvent.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) may be incorporated as a degreasing agent in certain formulations due to its capacity to break down and remove oily substances.
With its clear and colorless appearance, DEGME is ideal for applications where visual clarity is essential, such as in transparent coatings.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) is recognized for its use in specialty applications that benefit from its unique properties.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s mild odor is advantageous in formulations where minimal or no fragrance is desired, such as in certain cleaning products.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) demonstrates a balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics, contributing to its versatility in different formulations.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s inclusion in certain paint stripper formulations aligns with its role in breaking down and facilitating the removal of paint layers.
In formulations where film formation is critical, DEGME serves as an effective coalescing agent, ensuring a uniform and durable film.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s compatibility with various materials makes it a valuable component in the creation of adhesives and sealants.

Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME)'s solubility in water enhances its suitability for formulations that require water miscibility, broadening its range of applications.
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGME) continues to be a key ingredient in the development of environmentally friendly and high-performance industrial products.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Clear and colorless liquid
Odor: Faint, characteristic odor
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Not readily available (typically liquid at room temperature)
Boiling Point: Approximately 263-268°C (505-514°F)
Density: Approximately 0.90 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Solubility in Water: Miscible with water
Vapor Pressure: Approximately 0.025 mmHg at 20°C (68°F)
Vapor Density: ~7 (Air = 1)


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C10H22O4
Molecular Weight: Approximately 206.28 g/mol
CAS Number: 112-59-4
EC Number: 203-976-8
Chemical Structure: CH3O(CH2)5O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH


Miscellaneous Properties:

Flash Point: Not readily available (use caution as a flammable liquid)
Autoignition Temperature: Not readily available
Flammability Limits: Not readily available
pH: Not applicable (typically considered neutral)
Refractive Index: Not readily available
Surface Tension: Not readily available
Viscosity: Not readily available
Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Balance (HLB): Not readily available
Heat of Combustion: Not readily available



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists or if there are signs of respiratory distress.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently but thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, especially if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious and able to swallow, provide small sips of water.


First Aid for First Responders:

Ensure that appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn before attempting to assist someone exposed to DEGME.
Move the exposed person to fresh air if inhalation is a concern.
Use protective gloves and eyewear when handling or assisting someone exposed to DEGME.
In case of skin contact, follow the above-mentioned skin contact first aid measures.
In case of eye contact, follow the above-mentioned eye contact first aid measures.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Wear respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate and exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to prevent the buildup of vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to maintain airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact.
In case of contact, follow first aid measures outlined in the Safety Data Sheet.
Avoid inhalation of vapors.
Use respiratory protection if necessary.

Work Practices:
Implement good industrial hygiene practices, including regular hand washing and avoiding unnecessary exposure.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where DEGME is handled.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Implement spill control measures to prevent the spread of DEGME.
Use absorbent materials to contain and clean up spills.
Dispose of contaminated materials properly.

Storage Compatibility:
Store DEGME away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizing agents.
Check compatibility with storage containers and equipment to avoid adverse reactions.

Handling Containers:
Use containers made of materials compatible with DEGME, such as stainless steel, aluminum, or high-density polyethylene.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store DEGME in a cool, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Store away from incompatible materials and potential sources of ignition.

Temperature:
Store at ambient temperatures.
Avoid extremes of temperature that could lead to decomposition or other adverse reactions.

Ventilation:
Ensure storage areas are adequately ventilated to prevent the buildup of vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.

Segregation:
Segregate DEGME from incompatible substances and store in designated areas.

Fire Prevention:
Take precautions to prevent static discharges.
Use bonding and grounding when transferring liquids.
Keep storage areas free from ignition sources and open flames.

Monitoring:
Regularly monitor storage conditions, including temperature, to ensure they remain within recommended ranges.

Emergency Planning:
Have an emergency response plan in place, including procedures for spills, leaks, and accidental releases.

Labeling:
Ensure that containers are properly labeled with the chemical name, hazard information, and safety precautions.

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-HEXYL ETHER
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether has the property of slow evaporation.
Furthermore, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether has excellent resolution characteristics.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is usually produced by reaction of ethylene oxide with the appropriate alcohol.

Cas Number: 112-59-4
EC Number: 203-988-3
Molecular Formula: C6H13(OCH2CH2)2OH



APPLICATIONS


Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether acts as a slow evaporating solvent.
Moreover, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether provides good flow and leveling.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether offers greater solubility with water.
Besides, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether promotes uniform diffusion, eliminates solvent-pop and air entrapment.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether reduces minimum film forming temperature.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether functions as a coalescing aid in waterborne emulsion or dispersion coatings and is used in cleaners to remove greasy soils.
In addition, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is also used in metal deco inks.


Uses of Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether:

Cosmetics
Cleaners
Textiles
Waterborne coatings
Cleaning
Printing inks
Silk-screen process
Metal-deco inks


Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether enhances brushability and roll application in high performance coatings.
More to that, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used as coalescing aid in waterborne emulsion or dispersion coatings, and in metaldeco inks.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether removes oily (water-insoluble) dirt
Further to that, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether has a high boiling point.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is a solvent with a slow evaporation rate.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether contains both ether and alcohol functional groups in the same molecule.
Additionally, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether provides unmatched cleaning power to remove dirt.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether has limited miscibility with water.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is a water-white liquid.
Furthermore, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used in paint or stain related products.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is also used in Water-based home improvement paints.
Moreover, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used as a solvent for coatings and degreasing.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether displays a strong hydrocarbon type solvency.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is a slow evaporating solvent that partitions primarily into the polymer phase of a waterborne coating and reduces minimum filming temperature.
Besides, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether can be used with associative thickeners to enhance application properties such as brushability or roll application in high performance coatings.

The slow evaporation and excellent solvency characteristics of Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether contribute good flow and leveling to high solids coatings during the drying/curing cycle.
This allows uniform diffusion of the solvent through the film and maximizes appearance and film properties by reducing the occurrence of defects due to solvent-pop and air entrapment.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether provides good flow in high solids coatings.
In addition, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether ensures uniform distribution of solvent throughout the film.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether maximizes appearance and film properties.
More to that, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used as a coupling aid in water-based emulsions.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is found in the structure of cleaners used to remove oily dirt.
Further to that, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether has strong hydrocarbon type solvency.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether offers greater resolution with Water.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether lowers the minimum film forming temperature.
Additionally, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used as a bonding aid in metal deco inks.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is water soluble.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is a clear, mobile, neutral, slightly hygroscopic liquid with a mild odor.
Furthermore, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is miscible with all common solvents, e. g. alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethers, glycols and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether's miscibility with water, however, is limited.
Moreover, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether enters into the typical reactions of alcohols, e. g. esterification, etherification, oxidation and the formation of alcoholates.


Benefits of Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether:

Excellent solvency
Great chemical stability
Compatible with water and a number of organic solvents
Low vapor pressure addressing VOC concerns
Excellent coalescing aid in waterborne emulsion or dispersion coatings
Limited water-solubility and slow evaporation
Provides good flow and levelling
Removes both water-soluble and greasy (water-insoluble) soils


Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is a high boiling point, slow evaporating rate solvent with excellent solvency characteristics.
Besides, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether has the characteristic structure of glycol ethers and contains both ether and alcohol functional groups in the same molecule.
As a result, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether provides unique cleaning power for removal of both water-soluble and greasy (water insoluble) soils.


Applications of Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether:

Coalescing aid in waterborne emulsion or dispersion coatings
Cleaners for removal of greasy soils
Metal deco inks


Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether has a water-white color.
In addition, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is found in products used to remove stains.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used in water-based paints.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used in customized products for coatings.
More to that, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used as a solvent for degreasing.
Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether shows a strong hydrocarbon type solubility.


Spesific Uses of Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether:

Paint or stain related products
Water-based home improvement paints
Power steering fluids, transmission fluids, brake fluids, fuel injector cleaners, gas treatments, or leak stoppers
Metal Degreasing
Painting (Solvents)
High-boiling solvent
Cleaning agent
Solvent
Flow promoter


Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is used as a solvent for coatings and degreasing.



DESCRIPTION


Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is a water-white liquid.


Features of Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether:

Strong hydrocarbon-type solvency
Slow evaporation rate
Promotes uniform diffusion, eliminates solvent-pop and air entrapment


Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is a slow evaporating solvent that partitions primarily into the polymer phase of awaterborne coating and reduces minimum filming temperature.
Further to that, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether can be used with associative thickeners to enhance application properties such as brushability or roll application in high performance coatings.

Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether is a slow evaporating solvent.
Additionally, Diethylene Glycol Mono-n-Hexyl Ether can be used with Unifying thickeners.

The glycol monoethers can be converted to diethers by alkylation with common alkylating agents, such as dimethyl sulfate or alkyl halides ( Williamson synthesis).
Glycol dimethyl ethers are formed by treatment of dimethyl ether with ethylene oxide.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Weight: 190.28
XLogP3: 1.7
Exact Mass: 190.15689456
Monoisotopic Mass: 190.15689456
Topological Polar Surface Area: 38.7 Ų
Physical Description: water-white liquid
Color: Water-white
Form: liquid
Boiling Point: 260.0 °C
Melting Point: -28 °C
Flash Point: 140.6 °C
Solubility: 0.09 M
Density: 0.9346
Viscosity: 8.6 cP
Surface Tension: 29.6 dynes/cm
Chemical Classes: Solvents -> Glycol Ethers (E Series)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 190.15689456
Monoisotopic Mass: 190.15689456
Topological Polar Surface Area: 38.7 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 86.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: mild
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -41 - -39 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 260 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,3 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,1 %(V)
Flash point: 123 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 5 - 7 at 200 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 8,0 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 17 g/l at 20 °C
Vapor pressure:
< 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
13 hPa at 134 °C
Density: 0,93 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none



FIRST AID


Get medical attention.


Inhalation:

Fresh air, rest.
Remove to fresh air.
If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.


Eyes:

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Flush with water for at least 15 min., lifting lids occasionally.


Skin:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash with soap and water.
Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth.
Give one or two glasses of water to drink.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Safe Storage:

Separated from strong oxidants.


Inhalation Risk:

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.


Effects of Short Term Exposure:

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes.
The substance is irritating to the skin.


Storage conditions:

Tightly closed.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.


Storage class:

Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids


Specific end use(s):

Apart from the uses mentioned above no other specific uses are stipulated



SYNONYMS


2-((2-Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol
3,6-Dioxadodecanol-1
Diethylene glycol hexyl ether
Diethylene glycol mono(n-hexyl) ether
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether
Diethylene glycol n-hexyl ether
Ethanol, 2-((2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
Ethanol, 2-(2-(2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
Hexol carbitol
Hexyl carbitol
Hexylkarbitol [Czech]
n-Hexoxyethoxyethanol
n-Hexyl carbitol
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether
112-59-4
2-(2-Hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol
Hexol carbitol
Hexyl carbitol
n-Hexyl carbitol
2-(2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol
n-Hexoxyethoxyethanol
2-(2-hexoxyethoxy)ethanol
3,6-Dioxadodecanol-1
Diethylene glycol n-hexyl ether
Hexylkarbitol
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL HEXYL ETHER
Ethanol, 2-[2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy]-
Diethylene glycol mono(n-hexyl) ether
Ethanol, 2-((2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
NSC 403666
2-[2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy]ethanol
3,6-Dioxa-1-dodecanol
Diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether
Ethanol, 2-(2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
Z6X09N6YJL
NSC-403666
2-propanol,1-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]-
DSSTox_CID_6921
DSSTox_RID_78254
DSSTox_GSID_26921
Hexylkarbitol [Czech]
C6E2
Ethanol, 2-[(2-hexyloxy)ethoxy]-
CAS-112-59-4
Di(ethylene glycol) hexyl ether
2-((2-Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol
HSDB 5571
EINECS 203-988-3
UNII-Z6X09N6YJL
Ethanol, 2-(2-(2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
BRN 1743959
diethyleneglycolmonohexylether
AI3-00301
CCRIS 8863
Ucar Filmer EHC
MFCD00010703
DEGHE
EC 203-988-3
SCHEMBL24452
4-01-00-02396 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
WLN: Q2O2O6
2-(2-hexyloxy-ethoxy)-ethanol
CHEMBL2131110
DTXSID4026921
GZMAAYIALGURDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-
ZINC1596061
Tox21_202146
Tox21_303108
NSC403666
AKOS015903580
Di(ethylene glycol) hexyl ether, 95%
Di(ethylene glycol) hexyl ether, 97%
SB83835
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, 96%
NCGC00164133-01
NCGC00164133-02
NCGC00257046-01
NCGC00259695-01
BS-42440
DB-041101
D0501
FT-0624899
2-((2-HEXYLOXY)ETHOXY)ETHANOL [HSDB]
F71191
J-002799
Q27295083
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, purum, >=95.0% (GC)
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether
112-59-4
2-(2-Hexyloxyethoxy)ethanol
Hexol carbitol
Hexyl carbitol
2-(2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol
n-Hexyl carbitol
2-(2-hexoxyethoxy)ethanol
n-Hexoxyethoxyethanol
3,6-Dioxadodecanol-1
Hexylkarbitol
Ethanol, 2-[2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy]-
Diethylene glycol n-hexyl ether
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL HEXYL ETHER
Diethylene glycol mono(n-hexyl) ether
NSC 403666
2-[2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy]ethanol
Diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether
Ethanol, 2-((2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
Ethanol, 2-(2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
Hexylkarbitol [Czech]
Ethanol, 2-[(2-hexyloxy)ethoxy]-
CAS-112-59-4
Di(ethylene glycol) hexyl ether
2-((2-Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol
EINECS 203-988-3
Ethanol, 2-(2-(2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
diethyleneglycolmonohexylether
3,6-Dioxa-1-dodecanol
EC 203-988-3
SCHEMBL24452
4-01-00-02396
2-(2-hexyloxy-ethoxy)-ethanol
Di(ethylene glycol) hexyl ether, 95%
Di(ethylene glycol) hexyl ether, 97%
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, 96%
2-propanol,1-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]-
Diethylene glycol monohexyl ether
di(ethylene glycol) hexyl ether
diethylene glycol hexyl ether
diethylene glycol mono(N-hexyl) ether
diethylene glycol monohexyl ether
diethylene glycol N-hexyl ether
Hexyl Glycol
Ethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether
2-hexoxy-1-ethanol
2-hexyloxyethanol
2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol
2-hexyloxyethanol; ethylene glycol monohexyl ether; Hexyl cellosolve
Cellosolve, n-hexyl-
Ethanol, 2-hexyloxy-
Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether
Ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether
Ethylene glycol-n-monohexyl ether
Glycol monohexyl ether
Hexyl cellosolve
n-Hexyl cellosolve
Hexyl cellosolve
ethanol, 2-((2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
ethanol, 2-(2-(2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)-
hexol carbitol
2-(2-hexoxyethoxy)ethanol
N-hexoxyethoxyethanol
N-hexyl carbitol
2-((2-hexyl oxy)ethoxy)ethanol
2-((2-hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol
DIETHYLENE OXIMIDE (MORPHOLINE)
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine)'s molecular formula is C4H9NO
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is widely used in organic synthesis.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is commonly used for the synthesis of enamines.


CAS NUMBER: 110-91-8

EC NUMBER: 203-815-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C4H9NO

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 87.12 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: morpholine



Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is acolourless

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is less dense than water
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is soluble in water

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is hygroscopic and versatile organic liquid
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor in steam boiler systems.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) can utilized as pharma chemicals and antioxidants for lubricating oils.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) can be used as emulsifiers in waxes and polishes processing industries.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used as a corrosion inhibitor, and in detergents.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is an organic heteromonocyclic compound whose six-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom that lies opposite to each other; the parent compound of the morpholine family.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent and a member of morpholines.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a conjugate base of a morpholinium.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is commonly used to generate enamines.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is widely used in organic synthesis.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used in the following products:
*Adhesives and sealants
*Coating products
*Inks and toners
*Anti-freeze products
*Biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products)
*Fuels
*Photo-chemicals
*Polishes and waxes
*Washing & cleaning products
*Paper chemicals
*Dyes

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine), an organic compound with both amine and ether groups, obtained by dehydrating diethanolamine with sulphuric acid.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) can be adapted to many different activities for many important applications.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) appears as a colorless liquid
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) has a fishlike odor

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine)'s flash point is 100 °F.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is corrosive to tissue.


USAGE AREAS:
*Organic Synthesis:
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is commonly used for the synthesis of enamines.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is an important ingredient to produce linezolid, which is an antibiotic used for treating infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) undergoes most chemical reactions typical for other secondary amines, though the presence of the ether oxygen withdraws electron density from the nitrogen, rendering it less nucleophilic (and less basic) than structurally similar secondary amines such as piperidine.
For this reason, Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) forms a stable chloramine.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is also used in gefitinib, a cancer drug.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is also used in the analgesic dextromoramide.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) salts such as morpholine hydrochloride are used for the organic synthesis of intermediates.

*Additives and Catalysts:
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used as an additive for adjusting pH in nuclear power plant steam systems and fossil fuels.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is also used for corrosion protection of boiler water stream systems in chemical plants.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used for the preparation of alumina catalysts.
They are prepared in the form of a gelling agent for the treatment of hydrocarbons.

*Metal Corrosion Inhibitors:
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used as a corrosion inhibitor for metals such as copper, iron, lead, zinc and other metals.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is widely used in areas such as automobiles, mechanical instruments and medical equipment.

*Agriculture:
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) in the form of a chemical emulsifier is used for the protection of fruits.
This is achieved through the process of waxing, where a wax layer is applied onto the fruits.

This coating protects fruits from insects and fungal infestation.
Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors are the derivatives of Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine), which are used as fungicides in cereals.
Some of the Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) based fungicides used on cereal crops are amorolfine, fenpropimorph and tridemorph.

*Manufacturing:
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used in the manufacture of paper, glass, soap, detergent, dye and synthetic fibre.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used to manufacture analysis reagents for nitrogen determination.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) also finds applications in pharmaceuticals, tanning, textiles, household care and ceramics industries.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used as a boiler water treatment additive in steam systems of power plants and refineries.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) forms an even wax like coating as morpholine oleate.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) prevents decomposition of a chlorinated hydrocarbon in a composition containing the chlorinated hydrocarbon and a large amount of water.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of hydrazine or ammonia to provide a comprehensive all-volatile boiler water treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of oxygen at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.

*Rubber Industry:
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is widely used as an intermediate in the rubber industry to produce rubber vulcanization accelerators such as DTOS, MDS and NOBS.
Over 50% of the demand for Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is from rubber vulcanization accelerators, and about 30% of rubber vulcanization accelerators are used for NOBS.


Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is an organic chemical compound
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine)'s chemical formula is O(CH2CH2)2NH.
This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a very good pH adjuster which is very effective for nuclear power plants.
One more reason for it to be used is because of its rate of vapourization which is quiet similar to water; so what happens is when it is added to water, it disperses accordingly in water in both of its liquid and vapour phases.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) can also be used as an ingredient in fungicides and bactericides.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium.
For example, treating Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) with hydrochloric acid makes the salt morpholinium chloride.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 87.12 g/mol

-XLogP3: -0.9

-Exact Mass: 87.068413911 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 87.068413911 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 21.3Ų

-Physical Description: Colorless liquid with a fishlike odor

-Color: Colorless

-Form: Liquid

-Odor: Weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor

-Boiling Point: 128 °C

-Melting Point: -4.8 °C

-Flash Point: 38 °C

-Solubility in water: miscible

-Density: 1.007

-Vapor Density: 3

-Vapor Pressure: 10.1 mmHg

-Autoignition Temperature: 310 °C

-Viscosity: 2.23 cP

-Surface Tension: 37.5 dynes/cm

-Ionization Potential: 8.88 eV

-Refractive Index: 1.4540


Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a six membered heterocyclic compound and this heterocyclic structure features both amine and either functional groups and an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)NH
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) derivatives plays an important role in the treatment such as antibacterials, anticancers, antimalarials, antitussives, anticonvulsants and analgesics

The Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) chemical is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a particular smell (smells like ammonia or fishy smell).
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is entirely miscible with water, as well as with lots of organic solvents.
But the Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) solubility is restricted in an alkaline aqueous liquid.
The vapor stress of the aqueous liquid of Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is extremely close to that of water alone.
And also, Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is good for solutions of consistent alkalinity.

Because of its volatility being the same as water, upon addition to water, its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steam phases.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine)'s pH-adjusting qualities become more distributed throughout the steam plant to provide corrosion protection.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2

-Rotatable Bond Count: 0

-Heavy Atom Count: 6

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 34.5

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Morpholines


Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used for the manufacture of chemicals and fabricated metal products.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a synthetic organic liquid used mainly as an intermediate in the production of rubber chemicals and optical brighteners
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) vapors heavier than air

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used to make other chemicals
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a base because of the amine.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine)'s conjugate acid is called morpholinium.


OTHER APPLICATIONS:

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a common additive, in parts per million concentrations, for pH adjustment in both fossil fuel and nuclear power plant steam systems.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used because its volatility is about the same as water, so once it is added to the water, its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steam phases.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine)'s pH-adjusting qualities then become distributed throughout the steam plant to provide corrosion protection.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of hydrazine or ammonia to provide a comprehensive all-volatile treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of oxygen at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) (1,4-tetrahydro-oxazine) is a simple heterocyclic compound that has great industrial importance and a wide range of applications.

As a fruit coating
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used as a chemical emulsifier in the process of waxing fruit. Naturally, fruits make waxes to protect against insects and fungal contamination, but this can be lost as the fruit is cleaned.
A small amount of new wax is applied to replace it.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used as an emulsifier and solubility aid for shellac, which is used as a wax for fruit coating.

As a component in fungicides:
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) derivatives used as agricultural fungicides in cereals are known as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors.
-Amorolfine
-Fenpropimorph
-Tridemorph

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is also known as Morpholine
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) can also be used as an ingredient in fungicides and bactericides.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used in washing & cleaning products.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used in building & construction work.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a particular smell (smells like ammonia or fishy smell).

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is entirely miscible with water, as well as with lots of organic solvents.
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is an organic chemical compound.
This heterocycle features both amines as well as ether functional groups.

Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is an organic chemical compound
Diethylene Oximide (Morpholine) is used in organic synthesis.


SYNONYMS:

MORPHOLINE
110-91-8
2-chloro-1-morpholin-4-ylethanone
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
Morpholin
MORPHOLINE
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Diethylene oximide
Diethylenimide oxide
MORPHOLINE-2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-D8 (D, 98%)
tetrahydro 1.4 oxazine
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Tetraidro-1,4-ossazina
Diethyleneimide oxide
Diethylene imidoxide
Drewamine
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-p-oxazine
p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-
Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine
morpholin
2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
Tetrahydro-4H-1-4-oxazine
MORPHOLINE-2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-D8
CAS-110-91-8
Tetrahydro-p-isoxazine
EINECS 203-815-1
morpho line
morpholine-
AI3-01231
H-1, tetrahydro-
EC 203-815-1
Tetrahydro-1, 4-isoxazine
Tetryhydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-4H-1,4-Oxazine
4-27-00-00015
Morpholine
EN300-18064
Morpholine
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane
2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
BASF 238
Diethylene imidoxide
Diethylene oximide
Diethyleneimide oxide
Diethylenimide oxide
Drewamine
2-chloro-1-morpholin-4-ylethanone
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
Morpholin
MORPHOLINE
Morpholine
morpholine
Morpholine
morpholine
MORPHOLINE-2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-D8 (D, 98%)
tetrahydro 1.4 oxazine
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Tetraidro-1,4-ossazina
Diethylene imidoxide
Diethylene oximide
Diethylenimide oxide
Morpholine (8CI, 9CI)
Registration dossier
p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-p-oxazine
DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE PENTA(METHYLENE PHOSPHONIC ACID)
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) or diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a phosphonic acid.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has chelating and anti corrosion properties.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is a nitrogenous organic polyphosphonic acid.

CAS Number: 15827-60-8
Molecular Formula: C9H28N3O15P5
Molecular Weight: 573.2
EINECS Number: 239-931-4

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is normally delivered as salts, because the acid form has very limited solubility in water and tends to crystallize in concentrated aqueous solutions.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) shows very good inhibition of the precipitation of barium sulfate (BaSO4).

At high alkali and high temperature (above 210 °C) environments Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has better scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other phosphonates.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is a multidentate chelating agent.
Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is reported.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid), a phosphonate, is commonly used as crystallization inhibitors.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is a multidentate chelating agent.
Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is reported.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid), a phosphonate, is commonly used as crystallization inhibitors.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid), is a phosphonate-type scale and corrosion inhibitor.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly in water treatment processes.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) are a kind of widely used corrosion inhibiting and descaling agents, outward appearance is brown color or red-brown thick liquid, nontoxic, molecular formula is C9H28O15N3P5, relative molecular weight is 573.2, be soluble in acidic solution, can form polynary ring huge legendary turtle compound with metal ion in the aqueous solution, loosely is scattered in water, destroy the calcium salt crystalline growths such as carbonate, sulfate scale, thereby play scale effect, can suppress the generation of carbonate, sulfate scale.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is normally delivered as salts, because the acid form has very limited solubility in water and tends to crystallize in concentrated aqueous solutions.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is a nitrogenous organic polyphosphonic acid.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) shows very good inhibition of the precipitation of barium sulfate (BaSO4).
At high alkali and high temperature (above 210 °C) environments Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has better scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other phosphonates.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is an excellent threshold scale inhibitor for carbonate, sulfate and phosphate scales.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) inhibits scale formation at extremely low (ppm) dosage levels, sub-stoichiometric concentrations calculated on hardness of water.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is an organophosphonate which shows excellent sequestration of metal ions at stoichiometric concentrations.

These properties make it suitable for use in various applications like Peroxide bleaching, Textile auxiliaries, Industrial and Institutional cleaning, Detergent formulations etc.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has excellent hydrolytic and thermal stability meaning it is stable over wide range of pH values and over higher temperatures, making it suitable for high temperature applications.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is also used as a scale inhibitor in oil and gas applications.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) solution is suitable for use in a study to investigate the dynamics and kinetics of sodium sulfate crystallization in the presence of various organophosphonic acids.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) may be employed as ligand for the characterization of Ce3+ complexes by luminescence spectroscopy.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used to formulate polishes and wax blends, washing-cleaning products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals, air care products, biocidal products, coatings-paints, fillers-putties-plasters, fertilizers, inks-toners and processing aids.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is an excellent threshold scale inhibitor for carbonate, sulfate and phosphate scales.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) inhibits scale formation at extremely low (ppm) dosage levels, sub-stoichiometric concentrations calculated on hardness of water.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is an organophosphonate which shows excellent sequestration of metal ions at stoichiometric concentrations.

These properties make it suitable for use in various applications like Peroxide bleaching, Textile auxiliaries, Industrial and Institutional cleaning, Detergent formulations etc.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has excellent hydrolytic and thermal stability meaning it is stable over wide range of pH values and over higher temperatures, making it suitable for high temperature applications.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is also used as a scale inhibitor in oil and gas applications.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is a high-efficient chelating scale inhibitor.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has a good effect on carbonate and sulfate scales.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has good water-soluble properties and heat tolerance.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has high calcium ion tolerance in wide pH ranges and temperatures as high as 120℃.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is non-toxic, easily soluble in acid solution.
Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition and good temperature tolerance ability.

Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can inhibit the scale formation of carbonate and sulfate.
In alkaline environment and high temperature (above 210℃), its scale inhibition performance is better than other organic phosphine.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is a complex organic compound with phosphonic acid groups.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid)s structure includes amine (triethylene tetramine) and methylene phosphonic acid moieties.
The presence of phosphonic acid groups contributes to its ability to inhibit scale formation.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is known for its effectiveness in preventing the formation of scale, particularly in water systems where hardness ions (such as calcium and magnesium) could precipitate and form deposits.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) also exhibits corrosion inhibition properties, helping to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) acts as a chelating agent, meaning it forms stable complexes with metal ions.
This property is valuable in sequestering metal ions, preventing them from participating in undesirable reactions such as scale formation or catalyzing corrosion.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, including cooling water systems, boilers, and other applications where scale and corrosion control are critical.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is ability to work in high-temperature conditions makes it suitable for various industrial settings.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is often used in combination with other water treatment chemicals to achieve synergistic effects.

Combinations of phosphonates, polyphosphates, and other inhibitors may be used to provide comprehensive protection in complex water chemistry environments.
In addition to its scale and corrosion inhibition properties, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can act as a dispersant, helping to keep suspended particles in water from settling and forming deposits.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is considered relatively biodegradable, and its environmental impact is taken into account when assessing its suitability for use.

Depending on the region and specific application, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) may be subject to regulatory standards and approvals.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid)'s important to adhere to guidelines and regulations regarding the use of water treatment chemicals.
Apart from water treatment, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in various industrial processes where scale and corrosion control are essential, such as in the production of pulp and paper, textiles, and oil and gas extraction.

Boiling point: 1003.3±75.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.35 (50% aq.)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
solubility: Aqueous Base (Sparingly), Water
form: Oil
pka: 0.59±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Yellow to Brown
Water Solubility: 500g/L at 25℃
BRN: 2068968
InChIKey: DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.4

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is innocuous, easy to be dissolved in acid solution.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition and good thermal tolerance ability.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can inhibit the scale formation of carbonate, sulfate and phosphate.

On situation of alkali environment and high temperature (above 210℃) Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has better scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other organophosphines.
DETMP or Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid is a nitrogenous organic polyphosphonic acid widely used as a chelant with anti-corrosive characteristics.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) exhibits excellent sequestration of metal ions and threshold inhibition of metal salt precipitation.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is an organo-phosphonic acid compound exhibiting excellent sequestration of metal ions at stoichiometric concentration and threshold inhibition of metal salt precipitation at sub-stoichiometric concentrations.
The ability of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) to de-flocculate or disperse solid particles combined with its temperature and hydrolytic stability makes it a versatile ingredient for applications requiring efficient metal ion (like Fe²/Fe³) control.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is known for its threshold inhibition properties, which means it can be effective at low concentrations.
This is advantageous in water treatment applications where maintaining a low dosage is desirable for cost-effectiveness.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is stable over a broad pH range, which enhances its versatility in various water treatment systems.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can function effectively in both acidic and alkaline conditions.
While it is considered relatively biodegradable, the rate of biodegradation can vary depending on environmental conditions.
The biodegradability of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is an important consideration for environmental impact assessments.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is commonly used in boiler water treatment formulations to control scale and corrosion in steam generation systems.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps prevent the deposition of scale-forming salts on heat transfer surfaces.
In the oil and gas industry, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is utilized for scale and corrosion control in oilfield water injection systems.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps maintain the integrity of equipment and prevent the plugging of injection wells due to mineral scale formation.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is often compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing it to be used in conjunction with various additives to address multiple water treatment challenges simultaneously.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is employed in industrial cleaning formulations, particularly in descaling agents used to remove scale deposits from surfaces such as heat exchangers and pipelines.

In mining operations, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used for controlling scale and preventing mineral deposits in processing equipment and pipelines, particularly in situations involving hard water.
Water treatment formulations containing Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) may contribute to the control of bacterial growth, including the prevention of Legionella bacteria in cooling water systems.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to control scale formation on the membrane surfaces, enhancing the efficiency and lifespan of the membranes.

The use of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is subject to regulations and guidelines set by authorities such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in the European Union.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is a nitrogenous organic polyphosphonic acid.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) shows very good inhibition of the precipitation of barium sulfate (BaSO4) as well as Strontium Sulfate (SrSO4).

At high alkali and high temperature (above 210 °C) environments Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has better carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other phosphonates.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is often used synergistically with other phosphonate-based water treatment chemicals.
The combination of different phosphonates can enhance the overall effectiveness in controlling scale and corrosion, offering a comprehensive solution.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) may find applications in the food and beverage industry, particularly in water treatment processes associated with food production and processing facilities.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps prevent scale formation in equipment used in these processes.
In the paper and pulp industry, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is employed to control scale in various stages of the papermaking process.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps maintain the efficiency of equipment, such as evaporators and digesters.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can be used in wastewater treatment processes to control scale and corrosion in industrial wastewater systems.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is chelating properties contribute to the sequestration of metal ions.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is commonly used in industrial cooling water systems to prevent scale formation in heat exchangers and cooling towers.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is effectiveness at high temperatures makes it suitable for such applications.
In desalination processes, where water is purified by removing salts and impurities, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can be employed to control scale and prevent fouling on the surfaces of desalination equipment.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is sometimes used as an additive in polymer formulations, contributing to the polymer's stability and performance in various applications.
Ongoing research and development efforts may lead to the discovery of new applications or improved formulations containing Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid).
The field of water treatment and corrosion inhibition is dynamic, and advancements continue to be made.

While Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is generally regarded as safe when used according to recommended guidelines, like any chemical, proper safety precautions should be observed during handling, storage, and application.
This includes the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
Effective water treatment programs using Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) often involve regular monitoring of water quality parameters, including pH, hardness, and corrosion rates.

Synthesis:
The technical grade diethylenetriamine that total amount is 10% will be accounted for, the novel environment friendly formaldehyde that total amount is 58% that accounts for that content is 40% is sent in chemical reaction kettle, starting stirrer stirs, rotating speed is 20 rev/mins, even blend, send into steam immediately in the reactor interlayer, make slowly to heat up in reactor, control temperature between 50 ℃-55 ℃, add slowly and account for the technical grade phosphorous acid crystal that total amount is 30%, be stirred to the follow-up temperature of continuing rising of whole dissolvings, add slowly and account for the catalyzer composite type metallic oxide that total amount is 2%, after stirring, be warming up between 95 ℃-98 ℃, stirring reaction 1.6-1.8 hour, stop, to the reactor steam supply, being cooled to normal temperature, continue to stir, add the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution that appropriate content is 20%, adjust pH is to stop stirring after between 10-10.5 obtaining finished product, during use, can be using diethylenetriamine five methene phosphoric acid as anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor or clean-out system use and get final product.

Uses:
The phosphonate Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is a wastewater pollutant, and a component of phosphorous-containing nanoparticles and materials, such as in the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles for plutonium pulmonary decorporation.
Under alkaline environment and high temperature, anticorrosion-antiscaling property is good.

Diethylenetriamine five methene phosphoric acid are used as the anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor of recirculated cooling water and feedwater in water treatment, be specially adapted to the anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor of alkaline recirculated cooling water, and can be used for containing the high oil-field flooding of barium carbonate and the anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor of water coolant, use separately Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) in compound drug, without adding dispersion agent, the dirt deposition amount is still very little; This product also can be used as peroxide stabiliser, for textile printing and dyeing in the dispersion agent, oxygen delignification stablizer, chemical fertilizer of sequestrant, pigment trace element carry agent, concrete additive; In addition, at aspects such as papermaking, plating, metal pickling and makeup; Also can make the stablizer of oxidizing bactericide.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in the following products: water softeners, coating products, washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and fertilisers.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in the following areas: building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Release to the environment of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles.

Other release to the environment of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in the following products: water softeners, pH regulators and water treatment products, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Release to the environment of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in the following products: water softeners, pH regulators and water treatment products, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used for the manufacture of: , textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products, metals, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles and furniture.

Release to the environment of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) solution is suitable for use in a study to investigate the dynamics and kinetics of sodium sulfate crystallization in the presence of various organophosphonic acids.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) may be employed as ligand for the characterization of Ce3+ complexes by luminescence spectroscopy.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid)•Na5 can also be used as peroxide stabilizer(especially for hydrogen peroxide in the condition of high temperature),chelator in paper making and printing and dyeing, dispersing agent in pigment, stabilizer in oxygen delignification, microelement carryingt agent in fertilizer, additive in concrete.

Moreover, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid)•Na5 also has a widely use in paper making, electroplate, metal acid clearning, cosmetic and stabilizer in oxidizing biocide.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in the chemical, leather processing, paper-pulp-board, paints-lacquers-varnishes, textile processing, and detergents industries.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in water treatment, as a scale inhibitor, cleaning/washing agent, dispersing agent, complexing agent, and bleach stabilizer.

Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and boiler water, especially in alkali circulating cool water without additional pH regulation.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can also be used in oilfield refill water, cool water and boiler water with high concentration of barium carbonate.
When used alone, little scale sediment is found even without using dispersant.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can be used in cooling water treatment,detergent, peroxide bleach stabilization and geothermal, oil field application.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is widely used as a scale inhibitor in water treatment processes.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps prevent the formation of scale deposits, which are often composed of minerals like calcium and magnesium, in various industrial systems.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) serves as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces from corrosion in water-based systems.
Corrosion can lead to equipment degradation and failure, and Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps in maintaining the integrity of metal components.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) acts as a chelating agent, forming stable complexes with metal ions.

This property is beneficial in sequestering metal ions and preventing them from participating in unwanted reactions, such as scale formation or catalyzing corrosion.
In the treatment of boiler water, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps control scale formation on heat exchange surfaces, ensuring the efficient and safe operation of boilers.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) also contributes to the prevention of corrosion in boiler systems.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is commonly used in cooling water systems, including cooling towers and heat exchangers, to prevent scale buildup and corrosion.
Effective treatment helps maintain the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the oil and gas industry, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is employed in water injection systems to control scale and corrosion.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps ensure the integrity of equipment and prevent the plugging of injection wells.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used in desalination processes to control scale and prevent fouling on the surfaces of desalination equipment.
This is crucial for maintaining the efficiency of desalination systems.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is utilized in industrial cleaning formulations, particularly in descaling agents.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps remove scale deposits from surfaces such as heat exchangers and pipelines.
In the paper and pulp industry, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is employed to control scale in various stages of the papermaking process, including evaporators and digesters.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can be used in wastewater treatment processes to control scale and corrosion in industrial wastewater systems.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is chelating properties contribute to the sequestration of metal ions.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is sometimes used as an additive in polymer formulations, contributing to the stability and performance of polymers in various applications.

Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can also be used as peroxide stabilizer (especially under the condition of high temperature, the stability of hydrogen peroxide is very good), as chelating agent in woven & dyeing industry, as pigment dispersant, as oxygen delignification stabilizer, as microelement’s carrying agent in fertilizer, and as concrete additive.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) may find applications in the food and beverage industry for water treatment processes associated with production and processing.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) helps prevent scale formation in equipment used in these processes.

In reverse osmosis systems, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can be used to control scale formation on membrane surfaces.
This is important for maintaining the efficiency and lifespan of reverse osmosis membranes.
Water treatment formulations containing Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) may contribute to the control of bacterial growth, including the prevention of Legionella bacteria in cooling water systems.

In mining operations, Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is used for controlling scale and preventing mineral deposits in processing equipment and pipelines.
This is particularly relevant in situations involving hard water.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is often used in combination with other water treatment chemicals to achieve synergistic effects.

Combinations of phosphonates, polyphosphates, and other inhibitors may be used to provide comprehensive protection in complex water chemistry environments.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is known for its threshold inhibition properties, meaning it can be effective at low concentrations.
This is advantageous for cost-effectiveness in water treatment applications.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is often compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing it to be used in conjunction with various additives to address multiple water treatment challenges simultaneously.
Ongoing research and development efforts may lead to the discovery of new applications or improved formulations containing Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid).
The field of water treatment and corrosion inhibition is dynamic, and advancements continue to be made.

Safety Profile:
Concentrated solutions of Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) may cause irritation to the eyes and skin.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is advisable to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as goggles and gloves, when handling the undiluted substance.
In case of contact with eyes or skin, thorough rinsing with water is recommended.

Inhalation of vapors or mists of concentrated Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) solutions may cause respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be ensured in areas where the substance is handled, and respiratory protection may be required in situations with potential for high airborne concentrations.
Ingestion of concentrated Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) solutions is generally not expected in normal handling practices.

Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is advisable to avoid ingestion, and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent accidental swallowing.
While Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is considered relatively biodegradable, the impact of its breakdown products in the environment may vary.
Diethylene Triamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) is important to follow recommended disposal practices and comply with environmental regulations.

Synonyms:
22042-96-2
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid), sodium salt
sodium;[2-[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl-hydroxyphosphinate
Wayplex 55S
94987-76-5
Phosphonic acid, (((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakis-, sodium salt
Phosphonic acid,[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetra kis-,sodium salt
Sequion 40Na32
Dequest 2066
Briquest 543-33S
(((Phosphonomethyl)imino)bis((ethylenenitrilo)bis(methylene)))tetrakisphosphonic acid, sodium salt
Dequest 2066 deflocculant and sequestrant
Sodium (((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakisphosphonate
Sodium [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakisphosphonate
Phosphonic acid, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-, sodium salt
EINECS 244-751-4
DTXSID0029840
Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), Na Salt
Phosphonic acid, ((bis(2-(bis(phosphonomethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)methyl)-, sodium salt
Phosphonic acid, (((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakis-,sodium salt
FT-0657362
EC 244-751-4
A815868
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) xsodium salt
Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), sodium salt
Phosphonic acid, P,P',P'',P'''-(((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakis-, sodium salt (1:?)
sodium [2-[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl-hydroxyphosphinate
sodium [2-[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl-oxidanyl-phosphinate
sodium hydrogen [10,10-dihydroxy-10-oxido-2,5,8-tris(phosphonomethyl)-2,5,8-triaza-10-phosphadec-1-yl]phosphonate

DIETHYLENETRIAMINE (DETA)
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a hardener in epoxy resins of the Bisphenol A type.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) has been reported as a sensitizer in ultrasonic baths for cleaning jewels, in synthetic lubricants and in carbonless copy paper.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a corrosive liquid and a solvent.

CAS: 111-40-0
MF: C4H13N3
MW: 103.17
EINECS: 203-865-4

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a triamine and a polyazaalkane.
A yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Less dense than water.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Vapors heavier than air.
Burns, although possibly difficult to igntie.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) used as a solvent for plastics and dyes and in chemical synthesis.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) and also known as 2,2’-Iminodi(ethylamine) is an organic compound with the formula HN(CH2CH2NH2)2.
This colourless hygroscopic liquid is soluble in water and polar organic solvents, but not simple hydrocarbons.

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is structural analogue of diethylene glycol.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA)'s chemical properties resemble those for ethylene diamine, and it has similar uses.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a weak base and its aqueous solution is alkaline.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a byproduct of the production of ethylenediamine from ethylene dichloride.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a chemical compound that has been studied extensively in the field of biological research.

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a metal chelator, meaning it binds to heavy metals, and can be used to remove them from the body.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is also an antimicrobial agent that has been shown to have a protective effect on the liver against gadolinium-induced lesions.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is used for wastewater treatment as well as metal carbonyls and metal-hydroxides reactions, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) can also be used in human immunoglobulin synthesis and Langmuir adsorption isotherm studies.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) has been shown to bind with human serum proteins by hydrogen bonding interactions, which may explain its effects on the liver.

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -40 °C
Boiling point: 206 °C
density: 0.955 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.6 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.08 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Fp: 90 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Chloroform (Soluble), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: pK1:4.42(+3);pK2:9.21(+2);pK3:10.02(+1) (25°C)
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Odor: Strong ammoniacal; mildly ammoniacal.
PH: >12 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 1-10%(V)
Water Solubility: miscible
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
BRN: 605314
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 1 ppm (Skin)
NIOSH: TWA 1 ppm(4 mg/m3)
Stability: Stable, but absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, copper and its alloys.
InChIKey: RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.58 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 111-40-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Diethylenetriamine (DETA) (111-40-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diethylenetriamine (DETA) (111-40-0)

Uses
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is manufactured by reacting ethylene dichloride and ammonia.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is used as a solvent, in organic syntheses, and in a variety of industrial applications including use as a fuel component.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a solvent for sulfur, acidic gas, resin and dye intermediates for organic synthesis; saponification agent for acidic materials; fuel component; hardener for epoxy resins.
Hardener and stabilizer for epoxy resins; solvent for dyes, acid gases, and sulfur.

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is a common curing agent for epoxy resins in epoxy adhesives and other thermosets.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is N-alkylated upon reaction with epoxide groups forming crosslinks.
In coordination chemistry, Diethylenetriamine (DETA) serves as a tridentate ligand forming complexes such as Co(dien)(NO2)3.
Like some related amines, Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is used in oil industry for the extraction of acid gas.
Like ethylenediamine, Diethylenetriamine (DETA) can also be used to sensitize nitromethane, making a liquid explosive compound similar to PLX.

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is cap sensitive with an explosive velocity of around 6200 m/s and is discussed in patent #3,713,915.
Mixed with unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine Diethylenetriamine (DETA) was used as Hydyne, a propellent for liquid-fuel rockets.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) has been evaluated for use in the Countermine System under development by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, where Diethylenetriamine (DETA) would be used to ignite and consume the explosive fill of land mines in beach and surf zones.

Industrial Uses
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is used as an intermediate in the production of reactive polyamide resins, and in the production of aminoamides and imidazolines from fatty acids.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is also used in the production of paper wet strength resins and piperazine.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) serves as a solvent for sulfur, acid gases, resins and dyes.

Production Methods
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is produced by the reaction of ethylene dichloride with ammonia.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) is used in biological studies, for polyamines inhibition to carbonic anhydrases by anchoring to the zinc-coordinated water molecule.

Reactivity Profile
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Prolonged breathing of vapors may cause asthma.
Liquid burns skin and eyes.
A skin rash can form.

Brief contact with concentrated diethylenetriamine can produce severe local injury to the eyes and skin resembling the effect from strong base.
Human subjects are susceptible to sensitization responses either as dermatitis or an asthma-like response.
A time-weighted average of 1 p.p.m. is recommenced for diethylenetriamine.

Chemical Reactivity
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No hazardous reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Flush with water; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Synonyms
DIETHYLENETRIAMINE
111-40-0
Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine
2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine
Diethylene triamine
1,4,7-Triazaheptane
Barsamide 115
Epicure T
Ancamine DETA
2,2'-Iminodiethylamine
Aminoethylethandiamine
N,N-Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine
3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine
1,2-Ethanediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-
Imino-bis-ethylamine
ChS-P 1
1,5-Diamino-3-azapentane
N-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine
2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine
Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine
dien
2-(2-Aminoethylamino)ethylamine
Epon 3223
2,2'-Iminodi(ethylamine)
Ethylamine, 2,2'-iminobis-
Diethylamine, 2,2'-diamino-
DEH 20
N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine
NSC 446
CCRIS 4794
HSDB 525
N-(2-Aminoethyl)ethylenediamine
(Aminoethyl)ethanediamine
diethylentriamine
2,2'-Iminobisethylamine
EINECS 203-865-4
UNII-03K6SX4V2J
H 9506
N1-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine
Texacure EA-20
BRN 0605314
03K6SX4V2J
DTXSID2025050
CHEBI:30629
C4H13N3
NSC-446
Ethylenediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-
UN2079
Bis[.beta.-aminoethyl]amine
CHEMBL303429
DTXCID005050
EC 203-865-4
4-04-00-01238 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
N-(2-Aminoethyl)1,2-ethanediamine
NCGC00166036-01
1,2-Ethanediamine, N1-(2-aminoethyl)-
Diethylenetriamine [UN2079] [Corrosive]
CAS-111-40-0
bis(2-amino-ethyl)-amine
Dietilentriamina
Dithylnetriamine
di-ethylenetriamine
JER Cure T
di(2-aminoethyl)amine
Epicure 3223
Epicure 3290
2,2-Iminodiethylamine
1 4 7-Triazaheptane
1,5-diamino-3-
DET (CHRIS Code)
JER-T
1,4,7-triaza-heptane
Ethylamine,2'-iminobis-
2 2'-Diaminodiethylamine
Diethylamine,2'-diamino-
Diethylenetriamine (8CI)
bis-(2-aminoethyl) amine
DEH 52 (Salt/Mix)
DEH 58 (Salt/Mix)
Bis[beta -aminoethyl]amine
D09WVV
1 5-diamino-3-azopentano
2,2'-diamino-diethylamine
2,2'-Iminobis-Ethylamine
3-aza-1,5-pentanediamine
1 5-Diamino-3-azapentane
1, N-(2-aminoethyl)-
2, 2'-Diaminodiethylamine
3-Aza-1,5-diaminopentane
3-Azapentane-1 5-diamine
3-Azapentano-1,5-diamina
bis-(2-amino-ethyl)-amine
2 2'-Iminobis(ethanamine)
P 11 (crosslinking agent)
WLN: Z2M2Z
N N-Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine
SCHEMBL15381
beta,beta'-Diaminodiethylamine
2, 2'-iminobis (etanamina)
NSC446
2-(2-Aminoetilamino) etilamina
Bis (.aminoetil beta.-) amina
beta ,beta '-diaminodiethylamine
DIETHYLENETRIAMINE [HSDB]
DIETHYLENETRIAMINE [INCI]
n-(2-aminoethyl)-ethylenediamine
azapentano 2,2'-Diaminodietilamina
.beta.,.beta.'-Diaminodiethylamine
Tox21_113096
Tox21_201453
Tox21_303114
BBL005239
BDBM50323742
C4-H13-N3
D.E.H. 20
LS-530
MFCD00008171
NA2079
STK802352
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1 2-ethanediamine
AKOS000119987
n1-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine
1,2-etanodiamina, N-(2-aminoetil)-
n-(2-Aminoethyl)-1, 2-ethanediamine
NCI 138881
UN 2079
1,2-Etanodiamino, N1-(2-aminoetil)-
NCGC00166036-02
NCGC00257198-01
NCGC00259004-01
BP-13436
Diethylenetriamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
VS-01562
3-Azapentan-1,5-diamin (Dietylentriamin)
Dietylentriamin (3-Azapentan-1,5-diamin)
12-Ethanediamine N-(2-aminoethyl)-(9CI)
Diethylenetriamine [UN2079] [Corrosive]
N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine, 9CI
1,2-ETHANEDIAMINE,N-(2-AMINOETHYL)
D0493
N*1*-(2-Amino-ethyl)-ethane-1,2-diamine
EN300-19759
Diethylenetriamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
ETHANE-1,2-DIAMINE, N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-
Q416728
J-002573
J-520317
F2191-0291
Z104475186
Diethylenetriamine (1,2-Ethanediamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-
InChI=1/C4H13N3/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h7H,1-6H
ETHYLAMINE, 2,2'-IMINOBIS-ETHYLENEDIAMINE, N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-
StratoSpheres(TM) PL-Deta (Diethylenetriamine) resin, 50-100 mesh, extent of labeling: 6.0 mmol/g loading, 1 % cross-linked
DIETHYLENETRIAMINE PENTA(METHYLENE PHOSPHONIC ACID)
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) or diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a phosphonic acid.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is normally delivered as salts, because the acid form has very limited solubility in water and tends to crystallize in concentrated aqueous solutions.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), a phosphonate, is commonly used as crystallization inhibitors.

CAS Number: 15827-60-8
Molecular Formula: C9H28N3O15P5
Molecular Weight: 573.2
EINECS Number: 239-931-4

Synonyms: 22042-96-2,Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid), sodium salt,sodium;[2-[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl-hydroxyphosphinate,Wayplex 55S,94987-76-5,Phosphonic acid, (((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakis-, sodium salt,Phosphonic acid,[[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetra kis-,sodium salt,Sequion 40Na32,Dequest 2066, Briquest, 43-33S,(((Phosphonomethyl)imino)bis((ethylenenitrilo)bis(methylene)))tetrakisphosphonic acid, sodium salt, Dequest 2066, deflocculant and sequestrant,Sodium (((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakisphosphonate, Sodium [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakisphosphonate, Phosphonic acid, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-, sodium salt, EINECS 244-751-4, DTXSID0029840
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), Na Salt, Phosphonic acid, ((bis(2-(bis(phosphonomethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)methyl)-, sodium salt, Phosphonic acid, (((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakis-,sodium salt
FT-0657362,EC 244-751-4,A815868,Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) xsodium salt,Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), sodium salt,Phosphonic acid, P,P',P'',P'''-(((phosphonomethyl)imino)bis(2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)))tetrakis-, sodium salt (1:?),sodium [2-[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl-hydroxyphosphinate,sodium [2-[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl-oxidanyl-phosphinate,sodium hydrogen [10,10-dihydroxy-10-oxido-2,5,8-tris(phosphonomethyl)-2,5,8-triaza-10-phosphadec-1-yl]phosphonate.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a multidentate chelating agent.
Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is reported.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), a phosphonate, is commonly used as crystallization inhibitors.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), is a phosphonate-type scale and corrosion inhibitor.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) are a kind of widely used corrosion inhibiting and descaling agents, outward appearance is brown color or red-brown thick liquid, nontoxic, molecular formula is C9H28O15N3P5, relative molecular weight is 573.2, be soluble in acidic solution, can form polynary ring huge legendary turtle compound with metal ion in the aqueous solution, loosely is scattered in water, destroy the calcium salt crystalline growths such as carbonate, sulfate scale, thereby play scale effect, can suppress the generation of carbonate, sulfate scale.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is normally delivered as salts, because the acid form has very limited solubility in water and tends to crystallize in concentrated aqueous solutions.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a nitrogenous organic polyphosphonic acid.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) shows very good inhibition of the precipitation of barium sulfate (BaSO4).

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is an excellent threshold scale inhibitor for carbonate, sulfate and phosphate scales.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) inhibits scale formation at extremely low (ppm) dosage levels, sub-stoichiometric concentrations calculated on hardness of water.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is an organophosphonate which shows excellent sequestration of metal ions at stoichiometric concentrations.

These properties make it suitable for use in various applications like Peroxide bleaching, Textile auxiliaries, Industrial and Institutional cleaning, Detergent formulations etc.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has excellent hydrolytic and thermal stability meaning it is stable over wide range of pH values and over higher temperatures, making it suitable for high temperature applications.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is also used as a scale inhibitor in oil and gas applications.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) solution is suitable for use in a study to investigate the dynamics and kinetics of sodium sulfate crystallization in the presence of various organophosphonic acids.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) may be employed as ligand for the characterization of Ce3+ complexes by luminescence spectroscopy.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used to formulate polishes and wax blends, washing-cleaning products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals, air care products, biocidal products, coatings-paints, fillers-putties-plasters, fertilizers, inks-toners and processing aids.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is an excellent threshold scale inhibitor for carbonate, sulfate and phosphate scales.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) inhibits scale formation at extremely low (ppm) dosage levels, sub-stoichiometric concentrations calculated on hardness of water.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is an organophosphonate which shows excellent sequestration of metal ions at stoichiometric concentrations.

These properties make it suitable for use in various applications like Peroxide bleaching, Textile auxiliaries, Industrial and Institutional cleaning, Detergent formulations etc.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has excellent hydrolytic and thermal stability meaning it is stable over wide range of pH values and over higher temperatures, making it suitable for high temperature applications.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is also used as a scale inhibitor in oil and gas applications.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a high-efficient chelating scale inhibitor.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has a good effect on carbonate and sulfate scales.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has good water-soluble properties and heat tolerance.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has high calcium ion tolerance in wide pH ranges and temperatures as high as 120℃.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is non-toxic, easily soluble in acid solution.

Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition and good temperature tolerance ability.
Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can inhibit the scale formation of carbonate and sulfate.
In alkaline environment and high temperature (above 210℃), its scale inhibition performance is better than other organic phosphine.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a complex organic compound with phosphonic acid groups.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid)s structure includes amine (triethylene tetramine) and methylene phosphonic acid moieties.
The presence of phosphonic acid groups contributes to its ability to inhibit scale formation.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is known for its effectiveness in preventing the formation of scale, particularly in water systems where hardness ions (such as calcium and magnesium) could precipitate and form deposits.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) also exhibits corrosion inhibition properties, helping to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) acts as a chelating agent, meaning it forms stable complexes with metal ions.

This property is valuable in sequestering metal ions, preventing them from participating in undesirable reactions such as scale formation or catalyzing corrosion.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, including cooling water systems, boilers, and other applications where scale and corrosion control are critical.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is ability to work in high-temperature conditions makes it suitable for various industrial settings.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is often used in combination with other water treatment chemicals to achieve synergistic effects.
Combinations of phosphonates, polyphosphates, and other inhibitors may be used to provide comprehensive protection in complex water chemistry environments.
In addition to its scale and corrosion inhibition properties, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can act as a dispersant, helping to keep suspended particles
in water from settling and forming deposits.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is considered relatively biodegradable, and its environmental impact is taken into account when assessing its suitability for use.
Depending on the region and specific application, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) may be subject to regulatory standards and approvals.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid)'s important to adhere to guidelines and regulations regarding the use of water treatment chemicals.

Apart from water treatment, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in various industrial processes where scale and corrosion control are essential, such as in the production of pulp and paper, textiles, and oil and gas extraction.
At high alkali and high temperature (above 210 °C) environments Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has better scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other phosphonates.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly in water treatment processes.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) shows very good inhibition of the precipitation of barium sulfate (BaSO4).
At high alkali and high temperature (above 210 °C) environments Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has better scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other phosphonates.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a multidentate chelating agent.

Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is reported.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has chelating and anti corrosion properties.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a nitrogenous organic polyphosphonic acid.

Boiling point: 1003.3±75.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.35 (50% aq.)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under inert atmosphere
solubility: Aqueous Base (Sparingly), Water
form: Oil
pka: 0.59±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Yellow to Brown
Water Solubility: 500g/L at 25℃
BRN: 2068968
InChIKey: DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.4

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is known for its threshold inhibition properties, which means it can be effective at low concentrations.
This is advantageous in water treatment applications where maintaining a low dosage is desirable for cost-effectiveness.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is commonly used in boiler water treatment formulations to control scale and corrosion in steam generation systems.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps prevent the deposition of scale-forming salts on heat transfer surfaces.
In the oil and gas industry, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is utilized for scale and corrosion control in oilfield water injection systems.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps maintain the integrity of equipment and prevent the plugging of injection wells due to mineral scale formation.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is often compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing it to be used in conjunction with various additives to address multiple water treatment challenges simultaneously.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is employed in industrial cleaning formulations, particularly in descaling agents used to remove scale deposits from surfaces such as heat exchangers and pipelines.
In mining operations, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used for controlling scale and preventing mineral deposits in processing equipment and pipelines, particularly in situations involving hard water.

Water treatment formulations containing Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) may contribute to the control of bacterial growth, including the prevention of Legionella bacteria in cooling water systems.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to control scale formation on the membrane surfaces, enhancing the efficiency and lifespan of the membranes.

The use of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is subject to regulations and guidelines set by authorities such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in the European Union.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a nitrogenous organic polyphosphonic acid.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) shows very good inhibition of the precipitation of barium sulfate (BaSO4) as well as Strontium Sulfate (SrSO4).

At high alkali and high temperature (above 210 °C) environments Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has better carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other phosphonates.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is often used synergistically with other phosphonate-based water treatment chemicals.
The combination of different phosphonates can enhance the overall effectiveness in controlling scale and corrosion, offering a comprehensive solution.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) may find applications in the food and beverage industry, particularly in water treatment processes associated with food production and processing facilities.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps prevent scale formation in equipment used in these processes.
In the paper and pulp industry, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is employed to control scale in various stages of the papermaking process.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps maintain the efficiency of equipment, such as evaporators and digesters.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can be used in wastewater treatment processes to control scale and corrosion in industrial wastewater systems.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is chelating properties contribute to the sequestration of metal ions.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is commonly used in industrial cooling water systems to prevent scale formation in heat exchangers and cooling towers.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is effectiveness at high temperatures makes it suitable for such applications.
In desalination processes, where water is purified by removing salts and impurities, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can be employed to control scale and prevent fouling on the surfaces of desalination equipment.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is sometimes used as an additive in polymer formulations, contributing to the polymer's stability and performance in various applications.
Ongoing research and development efforts may lead to the discovery of new applications or improved formulations containing Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid).
The field of water treatment and corrosion inhibition is dynamic, and advancements continue to be made.

While Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is generally regarded as safe when used according to recommended guidelines, like any chemical, proper safety precautions should be observed during handling, storage, and application.
This includes the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
Effective water treatment programs using Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) often involve regular monitoring of water quality parameters, including pH, hardness, and corrosion rates.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is stable over a broad pH range, which enhances its versatility in various water treatment systems.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can function effectively in both acidic and alkaline conditions.
While it is considered relatively biodegradable, the rate of biodegradation can vary depending on environmental conditions.

The biodegradability of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is an important consideration for environmental impact assessments.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is innocuous, easy to be dissolved in acid solution.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition and good thermal tolerance ability.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can inhibit the scale formation of carbonate, sulfate and phosphate.
On situation of alkali environment and high temperature (above 210℃) Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) has better scale and corrosion inhibition effect than other organophosphines.
DETMP or Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid is a nitrogenous organic polyphosphonic acid widely used as a chelant with anti-corrosive characteristics.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) exhibits excellent sequestration of metal ions and threshold inhibition of metal salt precipitation.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is an organo-phosphonic acid compound exhibiting excellent sequestration of metal ions at stoichiometric concentration and threshold inhibition of metal salt precipitation at sub-stoichiometric concentrations.
The ability of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) to de-flocculate or disperse solid particles combined with its temperature and hydrolytic stability makes it a versatile ingredient for applications requiring efficient metal ion (like Fe²/Fe³) control.

Synthesis:
The technical grade diethylenetriamine that total amount is 10% will be accounted for, the novel environment friendly formaldehyde that total amount is 58% that accounts for that content is 40% is sent in chemical reaction kettle, starting stirrer stirs, rotating speed is 20 rev/mins, even blend, send into steam immediately in the reactor interlayer, make slowly to heat up in reactor, control temperature between 50 ℃-55 ℃, add slowly and account for the technical grade phosphorous acid crystal that total amount is 30%, be stirred to the follow-up temperature of continuing rising of whole dissolvings, add slowly and account for the catalyzer composite type metallic oxide that total amount is 2%, after stirring, be warming up between 95 ℃-98 ℃, stirring reaction 1.6-1.8 hour, stop, to the reactor steam supply, being cooled to normal temperature, continue to stir, add the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution that appropriate content is 20%, adjust pH is to stop stirring after between 10-10.5 obtaining finished product, during use, can be using diethylenetriamine five methene phosphoric acid as anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor or clean-out system use and get final product.

Uses:
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in the following products: water softeners, pH regulators and water treatment products, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) solution is suitable for use in a study to investigate the dynamics and kinetics of sodium sulfate crystallization in the presence of various organophosphonic acids.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) may be employed as ligand for the characterization of Ce3+ complexes by luminescence spectroscopy.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid)•Na5 can also be used as peroxide stabilizer(especially for hydrogen peroxide in the condition of high temperature),chelator in paper making and printing and dyeing, dispersing agent in pigment, stabilizer in oxygen delignification, microelement carryingt agent in fertilizer, additive in concrete.
Moreover, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid)•Na5 also has a widely use in paper making, electroplate, metal acid clearning, cosmetic and stabilizer in oxidizing biocide.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in the chemical, leather processing, paper-pulp-board, paints-lacquers-varnishes, textile processing, and detergents industries.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in water treatment, as a scale inhibitor, cleaning/washing agent, dispersing agent, complexing agent, and bleach stabilizer.
Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and boiler water, especially in alkali circulating cool water without additional pH regulation.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can also be used in oilfield refill water, cool water and boiler water with high concentration of barium carbonate.
When used alone, little scale sediment is found even without using dispersant.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can be used in cooling water treatment,detergent, peroxide bleach stabilization and geothermal, oil field application.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is widely used as a scale inhibitor in water treatment processes.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps prevent the formation of scale deposits, which are often composed of minerals like calcium and magnesium, in various industrial systems.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) serves as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces from corrosion in water-based systems.

Corrosion can lead to equipment degradation and failure, and Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps in maintaining the integrity of metal components.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) acts as a chelating agent, forming stable complexes with metal ions.
This property is beneficial in sequestering metal ions and preventing them from participating in unwanted reactions, such as scale formation or catalyzing corrosion.

In the treatment of boiler water, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps control scale formation on heat exchange surfaces, ensuring the efficient and safe operation of boilers.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) also contributes to the prevention of corrosion in boiler systems.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is commonly used in cooling water systems, including cooling towers and heat exchangers, to prevent scale buildup and corrosion.

Effective treatment helps maintain the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the oil and gas industry, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is employed in water injection systems to control scale and corrosion.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps ensure the integrity of equipment and prevent the plugging of injection wells.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in desalination processes to control scale and prevent fouling on the surfaces of desalination equipment.
This is crucial for maintaining the efficiency of desalination systems.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is utilized in industrial cleaning formulations, particularly in descaling agents.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps remove scale deposits from surfaces such as heat exchangers and pipelines.
In the paper and pulp industry, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is employed to control scale in various stages of the papermaking process, including evaporators and digesters.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can be used in wastewater treatment processes to control scale and corrosion in industrial wastewater systems.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is chelating properties contribute to the sequestration of metal ions.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is sometimes used as an additive in polymer formulations, contributing to the stability and performance of polymers in various applications.
Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) can also be used as peroxide stabilizer (especially under the condition of high temperature, the stability of hydrogen peroxide is very good), as chelating agent in woven & dyeing industry, as pigment dispersant, as oxygen delignification stabilizer, as microelement’s carrying agent in fertilizer, and as concrete additive.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) may find applications in the food and beverage industry for water treatment processes associated with production and processing.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) helps prevent scale formation in equipment used in these processes.
In reverse osmosis systems, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can be used to control scale formation on membrane surfaces.

This is important for maintaining the efficiency and lifespan of reverse osmosis membranes.
Water treatment formulations containing Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) may contribute to the control of bacterial growth, including the prevention of Legionella bacteria in cooling water systems.

In mining operations, Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used for controlling scale and preventing mineral deposits in processing equipment and pipelines.
This is particularly relevant in situations involving hard water.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is often used in combination with other water treatment chemicals to achieve synergistic effects.

Combinations of phosphonates, polyphosphates, and other inhibitors may be used to provide comprehensive protection in complex water chemistry environments.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is known for its threshold inhibition properties, meaning it can be effective at low concentrations.
This is advantageous for cost-effectiveness in water treatment applications.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is often compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing it to be used in conjunction with various additives to address multiple water treatment challenges simultaneously.
Ongoing research and development efforts may lead to the discovery of new applications or improved formulations containing Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid).
The field of water treatment and corrosion inhibition is dynamic, and advancements continue to be made.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used for the manufacture of: , textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products, metals, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles and furniture.
Release to the environment of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Other release to the environment of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

The phosphonate Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is a wastewater pollutant, and a component of phosphorous-containing nanoparticles and materials, such as in the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles for plutonium pulmonary decorporation.
Under alkaline environment and high temperature, anticorrosion-antiscaling property is good.
Diethylenetriamine five methene phosphoric acid are used as the anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor of recirculated cooling water and feedwater in water treatment, be specially adapted to the anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor of alkaline recirculated cooling water, and can be used for containing the high oil-field flooding of barium carbonate and the anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor of water coolant, use separately Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) in compound drug, without adding dispersion agent, the dirt deposition amount is still very little; This product also can be used as peroxide stabiliser, for textile printing and dyeing in the dispersion agent, oxygen delignification stablizer, chemical fertilizer of sequestrant, pigment trace element carry agent, concrete additive; In addition, at aspects such as papermaking, plating, metal pickling and makeup; Also can make the stablizer of oxidizing bactericide.

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in the following products: water softeners, coating products, washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and fertilisers.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in the following areas: building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Release to the environment of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles.

Other release to the environment of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is used in the following products: water softeners, pH regulators and water treatment products, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Release to the environment of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Safety Profile:
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is advisable to avoid ingestion, and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent accidental swallowing.
While Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is considered relatively biodegradable, the impact of its breakdown products in the environment may vary.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is important to follow recommended disposal practices and comply with environmental regulations.

Concentrated solutions of Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) may cause irritation to the eyes and skin.
Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) is advisable to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as goggles and gloves, when handling the undiluted substance.
In case of contact with eyes or skin, thorough rinsing with water is recommended.

Inhalation of vapors or mists of concentrated Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) solutions may cause respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be ensured in areas where the substance is handled, and respiratory protection may be required in situations with potential for high airborne concentrations.
Ingestion of concentrated Diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) solutions is generally not expected in normal handling practices.



DIETHYLENIMIDE OXIDE
Diethylenimide Oxide is also known as Morpholine
Diethylenimide Oxide is an organic chemical compound
Diethylenimide Oxide is used in organic synthesis.


CAS NUMBER: 110-91-8

EC NUMBER: 203-815-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C4H9NO

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 87.12 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: morpholine


Diethylenimide Oxide is an organic chemical compound
Diethylenimide Oxide's chemical formula is O(CH2CH2)2NH.

This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups.
Because of the amine, Diethylenimide Oxide is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium.

For example, treating Diethylenimide Oxide with hydrochloric acid makes the salt morpholinium chloride.
Diethylenimide Oxide is a colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor.

Diethylenimide Oxide is generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Diethylenimide Oxide with the common name of diethylenimide oxide is acolourless
Diethylenimide Oxide is hygroscopic and versatile organic liquid

Diethylenimide Oxide is a six membered heterocyclic compound and this heterocyclic structure features both amine and either functional groups and an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)NH
Diethylenimide Oxide derivatives plays an important role in the treatment such as antibacterials, anticancers, antimalarials, antitussives, anticonvulsants and analgesics

USES:

Industrial applications
Diethylenimide Oxide is a common additive, in parts per million concentrations, for pH adjustment in both fossil fuel and nuclear power plant steam systems.
Diethylenimide Oxide is used because its volatility is about the same as water, so once it is added to the water, its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steam phases.
Diethylenimide Oxide's pH-adjusting qualities then become distributed throughout the steam plant to provide corrosion protection.
Diethylenimide Oxide is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of hydrazine or ammonia to provide a comprehensive all-volatile treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants.
Diethylenimide Oxide decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of oxygen at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.

Organic Synthesis:
Diethylenimide Oxide undergoes most chemical reactions typical for other secondary amines, though the presence of the ether oxygen withdraws electron density from the nitrogen, rendering it less nucleophilic (and less basic) than structurally similar secondary amines such as piperidine.
For this reason, Diethylenimide Oxide forms a stable chloramine.

Diethylenimide Oxide is commonly used to generate enamines.
Diethylenimide Oxide is widely used in organic synthesis.

For example, Diethylenimide Oxide is a building block in the preparation of the antibiotic linezolid, the anticancer agent gefitinib (Iressa) and the analgesic dextromoramide.
In research and in industry, the low cost and polarity of Diethylenimide Oxide lead to its common use as a solvent for chemical reactions.
Diethylenimide Oxide (1,4-tetrahydro-oxazine) is a simple heterocyclic compound that has great industrial importance and a wide range of applications.

Agriculture:
As a fruit coating
Diethylenimide Oxide is used as a chemical emulsifier in the process of waxing fruit. Naturally, fruits make waxes to protect against insects and fungal contamination, but this can be lost as the fruit is cleaned.
A small amount of new wax is applied to replace it.
Diethylenimide Oxide is used as an emulsifier and solubility aid for shellac, which is used as a wax for fruit coating.

As a component in fungicides:
Diethylenimide Oxide derivatives used as agricultural fungicides in cereals are known as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors.
-Amorolfine
-Fenpropimorph
-Tridemorph

APPLICATIONS

1. ADDITIVES AND CATALYSTS:
Diethylenimide Oxide is used as an additive for adjusting pH in nuclear power plant steam systems and fossil fuels.
Diethylenimide Oxide is also used for corrosion protection of boiler water stream systems in chemical plants.
Diethylenimide Oxide is used for the preparation of alumina catalysts.
They are prepared in the form of a gelling agent for the treatment of hydrocarbons.

2. ORGANIC SYNTHESIS:
Diethylenimide Oxide is commonly used for the synthesis of enamines.
Diethylenimide Oxide is an important ingredient to produce linezolid, which is an antibiotic used for treating infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.
Diethylenimide Oxide is also used in gefitinib, a cancer drug.
Diethylenimide Oxide is also used in the analgesic dextromoramide.
Diethylenimide Oxide salts such as morpholine hydrochloride are used for the organic synthesis of intermediates.

3. AGRICULTURE:
Diethylenimide Oxide in the form of a chemical emulsifier is used for the protection of fruits.
This is achieved through the process of waxing, where a wax layer is applied onto the fruits.
This coating protects fruits from insects and fungal infestation.
Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors are the derivatives of Diethylenimide Oxide, which are used as fungicides in cereals.
Some of the Diethylenimide Oxide based fungicides used on cereal crops are amorolfine, fenpropimorph and tridemorph.

4. RUBBER INDUSTRY:
Diethylenimide Oxide is widely used as an intermediate in the rubber industry to produce rubber vulcanization accelerators such as DTOS, MDS and NOBS.
Over 50% of the demand for Diethylenimide Oxide is from rubber vulcanization accelerators, and about 30% of rubber vulcanization accelerators are used for NOBS.

5. METAL CORROSION INHIBITORS:
Diethylenimide Oxide is used as a corrosion inhibitor for metals such as copper, iron, lead, zinc and other metals.
Diethylenimide Oxide is widely used in areas such as automobiles, mechanical instruments and medical equipment.
Diethylenimide Oxide in its gas-liquid state has lower toxicity towards the environment when compared to its forerunners like cyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine nitrite.

6. MANUFACTURING :
Diethylenimide Oxide is used in the manufacture of paper, glass, soap, detergent, dye and synthetic fibre.
Diethylenimide Oxide is used to manufacture analysis reagents for nitrogen determination.
Diethylenimide Oxide also finds applications in pharmaceuticals, tanning, textiles, household care and ceramics industries.

Diethylenimide Oxide is used as a boiler water treatment additive in steam systems of power plants and refineries.
Diethylenimide Oxide forms an even wax like coating as morpholine oleate.
Diethylenimide Oxide prevents decomposition of a chlorinated hydrocarbon in a composition containing the chlorinated hydrocarbon and a large amount of water.

Diethylenimide Oxide is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of hydrazine or ammonia to provide a comprehensive all-volatile boiler water treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants.
Diethylenimide Oxide decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of oxygen at the high temperatures and pressures in these steam systems.

Because of its volatility being the same as water, upon addition to water, its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steam phases.
Diethylenimide Oxide's pH-adjusting qualities become more distributed throughout the steam plant to provide corrosion protection.

Diethylenimide Oxide, an organic compound with both amine and ether groups, obtained by dehydrating diethanolamine with sulphuric acid.
Diethylenimide Oxide can be adapted to many different activities for many important applications.
Some of its different adaptation can be seen in following applications like it functions as an intermediate in the production of rubber chemicals even as optical brighteners.

Diethylenimide Oxide acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor in steam boiler systems.
Diethylenimide Oxide can utilized as pharma chemicals and antioxidants for lubricating oils.
Diethylenimide Oxide can be used as emulsifiers in waxes and polishes processing industries.

Diethylenimide Oxide is a very good pH adjuster which is very effective for nuclear power plants.
One more reason for it to be used is because of its rate of vapourization which is quiet similar to water; so what happens is when it is added to water, it disperses accordingly in water in both of its liquid and vapour phases.
Diethylenimide Oxide can also be used as an ingredient in fungicides and bactericides.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 87.12 g/mol

-XLogP3: -0.9

-Exact Mass: 87.068413911 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 87.068413911 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 21.3Ų

-Physical Description: Colorless liquid with a fishlike odor

-Color: Colorless

-Form: Liquid

-Odor: Weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor

-Boiling Point: 128 °C

-Melting Point: -4.8 °C

-Flash Point: 38 °C

-Solubility in water: miscible

-Density: 1.007

-Vapor Density: 3

-Vapor Pressure: 10.1 mmHg

-Autoignition Temperature: 310 °C

-Viscosity: 2.23 cP

-Surface Tension: 37.5 dynes/cm

-Ionization Potential: 8.88 eV

-Refractive Index: 1.4540


Diethylenimide Oxide appears as a colorless liquid
Diethylenimide Oxide has a fishlike odor

Diethylenimide Oxide's flash point is 100 °F.
Diethylenimide Oxide is corrosive to tissue.

Diethylenimide Oxide is less dense than water
Diethylenimide Oxide is soluble in water


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2

-Rotatable Bond Count: 0

-Heavy Atom Count: 6

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 34.5

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Morpholines


Diethylenimide Oxide vapors heavier than air
Diethylenimide Oxide is used to make other chemicals

Diethylenimide Oxide is used as a corrosion inhibitor, and in detergents.
Diethylenimide Oxide is an organic heteromonocyclic compound whose six-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom that lies opposite to each other; the parent compound of the morpholine family.

Diethylenimide Oxide is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent and a member of morpholines.
Diethylenimide Oxide is a conjugate base of a morpholinium.

Diethylenimide Oxide is used in the following products:
-adhesives and sealants
-coating products
-inks and toners
-anti-freeze products
-biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products)
-fuels
-photo-chemicals
-polishes and waxes
-washing & cleaning products
-paper chemicals
-dyes

Diethylenimide Oxide is used in washing & cleaning products.
Diethylenimide Oxide is used in building & construction work.

Diethylenimide Oxide is used for the manufacture of chemicals and fabricated metal products.
Diethylenimide Oxide is a synthetic organic liquid used mainly as an intermediate in the production of rubber chemicals and optical brighteners

Diethylenimide Oxide is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a particular smell (smells like ammonia or fishy smell).
Diethylenimide Oxide is entirely miscible with water, as well as with lots of organic solvents.

Diethylenimide Oxide is an organic chemical compound.
This heterocycle features both amines as well as ether functional groups.

Diethylenimide Oxide is a base because of the amine.
Diethylenimide Oxide's conjugate acid is called morpholinium.

The Diethylenimide Oxide chemical is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a particular smell (smells like ammonia or fishy smell).
Diethylenimide Oxide is entirely miscible with water, as well as with lots of organic solvents.

But the Diethylenimide Oxide solubility is restricted in an alkaline aqueous liquid.
The vapor stress of the aqueous liquid of Diethylenimide Oxide is extremely close to that of water alone.
And also, Diethylenimide Oxide is good for solutions of consistent alkalinity.

SYNONYMS:

MORPHOLINE
110-91-8
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Diethylene oximide
Diethylenimide oxide
Diethyleneimide oxide
Diethylene imidoxide
Drewamine
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-p-oxazine
p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-
Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine
morpholin
2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
Tetrahydro-4H-1-4-oxazine
MORPHOLINE-2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-D8
CAS-110-91-8
Tetrahydro-p-isoxazine
EINECS 203-815-1
morpho line
morpholine-
AI3-01231
H-1, tetrahydro-
EC 203-815-1
Tetrahydro-1, 4-isoxazine
Tetryhydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-4H-1,4-Oxazine
4-27-00-00015
Morpholine
EN300-18064
Morpholine
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane
2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
BASF 238
Diethylene imidoxide
Diethylene oximide
Diethyleneimide oxide
Diethylenimide oxide
Drewamine
2-chloro-1-morpholin-4-ylethanone
4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
Morpholin
MORPHOLINE
Morpholine
morpholine
Morpholine
morpholine
MORPHOLINE-2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-D8 (D, 98%)
tetrahydro 1.4 oxazine
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
Tetraidro-1,4-ossazina
DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE
Diethylhexyl phthalate has good heat stability, plasticized capacity, resistance to freeze, electrical properties and good UV filtering properties.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is not soluble in water but is soluble in oil and finds use as a solvent in glow sticks.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is an organic compound and included in the class of phthalates which are used as plasticizers.

CAS Number: 117-81-7
EC Number: 204-211-0 617-060-4
Chemical Formula: C24H38O4
Molar Mass: 390.564 g·mol−1

Diethylhexyl phthalate is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is the most common member of the class of phthalates, which are used as plasticizers.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is the diester of phthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol.
This colorless viscous liquid is soluble in oil, but not in water.

Diethylhexyl phthalate has good heat stability, plasticized capacity, resistance to freeze, electrical properties and good UV filtering properties.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is used in PVC, PE, cellulose, film, artificial leather, cable, pipe material, sheet material, mold plastic and rubber.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a non-volatile solvent mainly used as a plasticizer for polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI).
Diethylhexyl phthalate is a combustible non-toxic colorless oily liquid with slight odor.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is an organic compound and included in the class of phthalates which are used as plasticizers.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is a colorless liquid and the diester of phthalic acid.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is not soluble in water but is soluble in oil and finds use as a solvent in glow sticks.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a diester of phthalic acid.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is a low cost, general use plasticizer, which can be useful in hydraulic fluid applications and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is still widely used as a plasticizer in selected applications where volatiles are less of an issue.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is also used as a hydraulic fluid and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.

Diethylhexyl phthalate was the most widely used material as a plasticizer in manufacturing of articles made of PVC.
Due to toxicity reasons, Diethylhexyl phthalate usage has dropped and has been replaced by lower volatile phthalate and phthalate free products in some PVC and other applications

Diethylhexyl phthalate, also known as dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate or DEHP, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters.
Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on Diethylhexyl phthalate pKa).
Diethylhexyl phthalate can be found in kohlrabi, which makes di(n-octyl) phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound.
Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors.

Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility.
The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called 'phthalate syndrome’ (A2883) (T3DB).

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a clear, colourless liquid which is slightly more dense than water with a slight but characteristic odour.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is miscible with most organic solvents but not soluble in water.

Diethylhexyl phthalate has several advantages over some other plasticizers in that Diethylhexyl phthalate is more economical.
Diethylhexyl phthalate provides the desired changes to physical and mechanical properties without causing changes to the chemical structure of the polymer.
Diethylhexyl phthalate jellifies quickly; in lacquer applications Diethylhexyl phthalate serves to eliminate cracks, increase resistance and provide a smooth surface.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is often used as a general purpose plasticizer.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is highly cost effective and also widely available.
Diethylhexyl phthalate broad range of characteristics such as high plasticizing efficiency, low volatility, UV-resistance, water-extracting proof, cold-resisting property, softness and electric property makes Diethylhexyl phthalate suitable for making a wide range of products.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is used in the production of synthetic rubber, as a softening agent to make the synthetic rubber easier to rebound and harder to undergo form change under pressure.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is widely used in PVC and ethyl cellulose resins to make plastic film, imitation leather, electric wire, etc.

Diethylhexyl phthalate, also known as Dioctyl phthalate, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H4 (CO2C8H17).
Diethylhexyl phthalate, characterized by Diethylhexyl phthalate molecular weight, high boiling point, and low vapor pressure, is one of the most widely used general emollients.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is synthesized by the reaction of phthalic anhydride with an chemical alcohol such as 2-ethyl hexanol.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is a softener used in the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is insoluble in water and has good stability against heat, ultraviolet light, wide compatibility, and has excellent resistance to hydrolysis.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a colorless, odorless, oily liquid that doesn't evaporate easily.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is a man-made substance used to keep plastics soft or more flexible.

This type of plastic can be used for medical tubing and blood storage bags, wire and cables, carpetback coating, floor tile, and adhesives.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is also used in cosmetics and pesticides.

Diethylhexyl phthalate appears as a clear liquid with a mild odor.
Slightly less dense than water and insoluble in water.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.

Immediate steps should be taken to limit Diethylhexyl phthalate spread to the environment.
As a liquid, can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams.

Eye contact may produce severe irritation and direct skin contact may produce mild irritation.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is used in the manufacture of a variety of plastics and coating products.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a phthalate ester and a diester.

Applications of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is a phthalate ester which is used in the manufacture of a wide range of plastics and coating products.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer in PVC paste and pulp mixtures and as an additive in many other processes.

Diethylhexyl phthalate can be found in many end products including PVC soles for shoes and slippers, synthetic leather, waterproof membranes, paints, varnishes, floor coverings, door mats and hoses.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is also used in the calendaring process of paper finishing, to produce PVC granules, as a hydraulic or dielectric fluid in capacitors, in toxicology studies and in risk assessment studies on food contamination which occurs via migration of phthalates into foodstuffs from food-contact materials (FCM).

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a plasticizer used in the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is one of the most widely used plasticizers in PVC due to Diethylhexyl phthalate low cost.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a general-purpose plasticizer and long-time industry standard known for Diethylhexyl phthalate good stability to heat and ultraviolet light, and broad range of compatibility for use with PVC resins.
Diethylhexyl phthalate can also be used as dielectric and hydraulic fluids.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is also a solvent for many chemicals, such as in glowsticks.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is a non-volatile solvent mainly used as a plasticizer for polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI).

Plasticizers for:
Cables and wires.
Building and construction for cladding and roof membranes.

PVC pipes and flooring.
Others such as hoses, shoe soles sealings industrial doors, swimming pool covers, shower curtains, roofing materials, water beds, furniture and disposable gloves.

Plastic Industry:

Plasticizers:
Diethylhexyl phthalate can be used as a softening agent, such as to make Diethylhexyl phthalate easier to rebound and harder to undergo form change under pressure, without affecting of the plastics.
Diethylhexyl phthalate possesses Diethylhexyl phthalate good plasticizing properties thanks to the ability to make the long polimers molecules to slide against one another.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is extensively used in processing polyvinyl choride and ethylcellulose resins to produce plastic film, imitation leather, electric wire, cable wearer, sheet, planet, mould plastic products and used in nitrocellulose paints.
Diethylhexyl phthalate has the applications in the industry of automotive, building and construction material, flooring, medical device.

Wood Coating:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is used in the industrial wood coating to enhance the performance properties of the wood coatings formulations.

Medical Devices:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is used a plasticiser in the manufacture of medical and sanitary products, such as blood bags and dialysis equipment.
Diethylhexyl phthalate has a further and unique role in blood bags because Diethylhexyl phthalate actually helps to prolong the life of the blood itself.
Diethylhexyl phthalate also stabilises the membranes of red blood cells enabling blood product storage in PVC blood bags for several weeks.

Plastics may contain from 1% to 40% of Diethylhexyl phthalate.

Uses of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer and dye carrier for film, wire, cables, and adhesives.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer in carpet backing, packaging films, medical tubing, blood storage bags, floor tile, wire, cables, and adhesives.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is also used in cosmetics and pesticides.

There are no known commercial uses for pure DnOP.
However, DnOP constitutes approximately 20% of C6-10 phthalate substance.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is used in PVC utilized in the manufacture of flooring and carpet tile, canvas tarps, swimming pool liners, notebook covers, traffic cones, toys, vinyl gloves, garden hoses, weather stripping, flea collars, and shoes.
DnOP-containing phthalate substances are also used in PVC intended for food applications such as seam cements, bottle cap liners, and conveyor belts.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is principally used as a plasticizer in the production of plastics and PVC resins.
When used as a plasticizer, Diethylhexyl phthalate can represent 5-60% of the total weight of the plastics and resins.

Diethylhexyl phthalate increases flexibility and enhances or alters the properties of Diethylhexyl phthalate.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is also used for cellulose ester and polystyrene resins, as a dye carrier in plastic production (primarily PVC), and as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of adhesives, plastisols, and nitrocellulose lacquer coatings.
Diethylhexyl phthalate also serves as a carrier for catalysts or initiators and as a substitute for electrical capacitor fluid.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is monomeric plasticizer for vinyl and cellulosic resins.

Due to Diethylhexyl phthalate suitable properties and the low cost, Diethylhexyl phthalate is widely used as a plasticizer in manufacturing of articles made of PVC.
Plastics may contain 1% to 40% of Diethylhexyl phthalate.

Diethylhexyl phthalate is also used as a hydraulic fluid and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.
Diethylhexyl phthalate also finds use as a solvent in glowsticks.

Approximately three million tonnes are produced and used annually worldwide.

Manufacturers of flexible PVC articles can choose among several alternative plasticizers offering similar technical properties as Diethylhexyl phthalate.
These alternatives include other phthalates such as diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-2-propyl heptyl phthalate (DPHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and non-phthalates such as 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), and citrate esters.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Working with Glues and Adhesives
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Environmental exposure of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is a component of many household items, including tablecloths, floor tiles, shower curtains, garden hoses, rainwear, dolls, toys, shoes, medical tubing, furniture upholstery, and swimming pool liners.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is an indoor air pollutant in homes and schools.

Common exposures come from the use of Diethylhexyl phthalate as a fragrance carrier in cosmetics, personal care products, laundry detergents, colognes, scented candles, and air fresheners.
The most common exposure to Diethylhexyl phthalate comes through food with an average consumption of 0.25 milligrams per day.

Diethylhexyl phthalate can also leach into a liquid that comes in contact with the plastic.
Diethylhexyl phthalate extracts faster into nonpolar solvents (e.g. oils and fats in foods packed in PVC).

Fatty foods that are packaged in plastics that contain Diethylhexyl phthalate are more likely to have higher concentrations such as milk products, fish or seafood, and oils.
The US FDA therefore permits use of Diethylhexyl phthalate-containing packaging only for foods that primarily contain water.

Diethylhexyl phthalate can leach into drinking water from discharges from rubber and chemical factories; The US EPA limits for Diethylhexyl phthalate in drinking water is 6 ppb.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is also commonly found in bottled water, but unlike tap water, the EPA does not regulate levels in bottled water.

Diethylhexyl phthalate levels in some European samples of milk, were found at 2000 times higher than the EPA Safe Drinking Water limits (12,000 ppb).
Levels of Diethylhexyl phthalate in some European cheeses and creams were even higher, up to 200,000 ppb, in 1994.

Additionally, workers in factories that utilize Diethylhexyl phthalate in production experience greater exposure.
The U.S. agency OSHA's limit for occupational exposure is 5 mg/m3 of air.

Use in medical devices of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is the most common phthalate plasticizer in medical devices such as intravenous tubing and bags, IV catheters, nasogastric tubes, dialysis bags and tubing, blood bags and transfusion tubing, and air tubes.
Diethylhexyl phthalate makes these plastics softer and more flexible and was first introduced in the 1940s in blood bags.

For this reason, concern has been expressed about leachates of Diethylhexyl phthalate transported into the patient, especially for those requiring extensive infusions or those who are at the highest risk of developmental abnormalities, e.g. newborns in intensive care nursery settings, hemophiliacs, kidney dialysis patients, neonates, premature babies, lactating, and pregnant women.
According to the European Commission Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER), exposure to Diethylhexyl phthalate may exceed the tolerable daily intake in some specific population groups, namely people exposed through medical procedures such as kidney dialysis.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has advocated not to use medical devices that can leach Diethylhexyl phthalate into patients and, instead, to resort to Diethylhexyl phthalate-free alternatives.
In July 2002, the U.S. FDA issued a Public Health Notification on Diethylhexyl phthalate, stating in part, "We recommend considering such alternatives when these high-risk procedures are to be performed on male neonates, pregnant women who are carrying male fetuses, and peripubertal males" noting that the alternatives were to look for non-Diethylhexyl phthalate exposure solutions; they mention a database of alternatives.

The CBC documentary The Disappearing Male raised concerns about sexual development in male fetal development, miscarriage), and as a cause of dramatically lower sperm counts in men.
A review article in 2010 in the Journal of Transfusion Medicine showed a consensus that the benefits of a lifesaving treatments with these devices far outweigh the risks of Diethylhexyl phthalate leaching out of these devices.

Although more research is needed to develop alternatives to Diethylhexyl phthalate that gives the same benefits of being soft and flexible, which are required for most medical procedures.
If a procedure requires one of these devices and if patient is at high risk to suffer from Diethylhexyl phthalate then a Diethylhexyl phthalate alternative should be considered if medically safe.

Metabolism of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate hydrolyzes to mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and subsequently to phthalate salts.
The released alcohol is susceptible to oxidation to the aldehyde and carboxylic acid.

Manufacturing process of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
All manufacturers of phthalate esters use the same processes.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is manufactured by phthalic sterilization of anhydride with 2-ethyl-hexanol.
This reaction occurs in two successive stages. The first stage of the reaction leads to the formation of a monoester by the de-alcoholization of phthalic acid, this step is completed quickly.

The second step of the production of Diethylhexyl phthalate involves converting the monoster to a diester.
This is a reversible reaction and proceeds more slowly than the first reaction.

To change the equilibrium towards the diester, the reaction water is removed by distillation.
High temperatures and catalysts accelerate the reaction rate.
Depending on the catalyst used, the temperature in the second stage varies from 140°C to 165°C with acidic catalysts and from 200°C to 250°C with amphoteric catalysts.

Purity changes may occur depending on the catalyst, the reacting alcohol, and the type of process.
Excess alcohol is recovered and the Iran Diethylhexyl phthalate is purified by vacuum distillation.

The reaction sequence is performed in a closed system.
This process can be performed sequentially or in batches.

Manufacturing Methods of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is produced commercially as a component of mixed phthalate esters, including straight- chain C6, C8, and Cl0 phthalates.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is produced at atmospheric pressure or in a vacuum by heating an excess of n-octanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of an esterification catalyst such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid.

The process may be either continuous or discontinuous.
Diethylhexyl phthalate can also be produced by the reaction of n-octylbromide with phthalic anhydride.
Diethylhexyl phthalate is formed via the esterification of n-octanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst (sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid) or noncatalytically at high temperature.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Plasticizers:
Materials incorporated mechanically in plastics (usually PVC) to increase flexibility, workability or distensibility; due to the non-chemical inclusion, plasticizers leach out from the plastic and are found in body fluids and the general environment.

Identification of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

Method: DOE OM100R
Procedure: gas chromatography with mass spectrometer ion trap detector
Analyte: Diethylhexyl phthalate
Matrix: solid waste matrices, soils, and groundwater
Detection Limit: 160 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 1625
Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Analyte: Diethylhexyl phthalate
Matrix: water
Detection Limit: 10 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 606
Procedure: gas chromatography with electron capture detector
Analyte: Diethylhexyl phthalate
Matrix: wastewater and other waters
Detection Limit: 3 ug/L.

Method: EPA-NERL 506
Procedure: gas chromatography with photoionization detection
Analyte: Diethylhexyl phthalate
Matrix: drinking water
Detection Limit: 6.42 ug/L.

Production of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is produced commercially by the reaction of excess 2-ethylhexanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid.
Diethylhexyl phthalate was first produced in commercial quantities in Japan circa 1933 and in the United States in 1939.

Diethylhexyl phthalate has two stereocenters, located at the carbon atoms carrying the ethyl groups.
As a result, has three distinct stereoisomers, consisting of an (R,R) form, an (S,S) form (diastereomers), and a meso (R, S) form.
As most 2-ethylhexanol is produced as a racemic mixture, commercially-produced Diethylhexyl phthalate is therefore almost always racemic as well, and consists of equal amounts of all three stereoisomers.

Properties of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate, is clear, colourless, viscous liquid with a slight, characteristic odor.
Soluble in ethanol, ether, mineral oil and the majority of organic solvents.
Immiscible with water, resistant to hydrolysis and air oxygen activity.

Diethylhexyl phthalate high plasticizing efficiency, fusion rate, visosity, low volatility, UV-resisting property, water-extracting proof, cold-resisting property, and also good softness and electric property found a lot of applications in many offshoots of the industry.

Effects on living organisms of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

Endocrine disruption:
Diethylhexyl phthalate, along with other phthalates, is believed to cause endocrine disruption in males, through Diethylhexyl phthalate action as an androgen antagonist, and may have lasting effects on reproductive function, for both childhood and adult exposures.
Prenatal phthalate exposure has been shown to be associated with lower levels of reproductive function in adolescent males.

In another study, airborne concentrations of Diethylhexyl phthalate at a PVC pellet plant were significantly associated with a reduction in sperm motility and chromatin DNA integrity.
Additionally, the authors noted the daily intake estimates for Diethylhexyl phthalate were comparable to the general population, indicating a "high percentage of men are exposed to levels of Diethylhexyl phthalate that may affect sperm motility and chromatin DNA integrity".

The claims have received support by a study using dogs as a "sentinel species to approximate human exposure to a selection of chemical mixtures present in the environment".
The authors analyzed the concentration of Diethylhexyl phthalate and other common chemicals such as PCBs in testes from dogs from five different world regions.
The results showed that regional differences in concentration of the chemicals are reflected in dog testes and that pathologies such as tubule atrophy and germ cells were more prevalent in testes of dogs proveining from regions with higher concentrations.

Development:
Diethylhexyl phthalate exposure during pregnancy has been shown to disrupt placental growth and development in mice, resulting in higher rates of low birthweight, premature birth, and fetal loss.
In a separate study, exposure of neonatal mice to Diethylhexyl phthalate through lactation caused hypertrophy of the adrenal glands and higher levels of anxiety during puberty.
In another study, pubertal administration of higher-dose Diethylhexyl phthalate delayed puberty in rats, reduced testosterone production, and inhibited androgen-dependent development; low doses showed no effect.

Government and industry response of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

Taiwan:
In October 2009, Consumers' Foundation, Taiwan (CFCT) published test results that found 5 out of the sampled 12 shoes contained over 0.1% of phthalate plasticizer content, including Diethylhexyl phthalate, which exceeds the government's Toy Safety Standard (CNS 4797).
CFCT recommend that users should first wear socks to avoid direct skin contact.

In May 2011, the illegal use of the plasticizer Diethylhexyl phthalate in clouding agents for use in food and beverages has been reported in Taiwan.
An inspection of products initially discovered the presence of plasticizers.
As more products were tested, inspectors found more manufacturers using Diethylhexyl phthalate and DINP.
The Department of Health confirmed that contaminated food and beverages had been exported to other countries and regions, which reveals the widespread prevalence of toxic plasticizers.

European Union:
Concerns about chemicals ingested by children when chewing plastic toys prompted the European Commission to order a temporary ban on phthalates in 1999, the decision of which is based on an opinion by the Commission's Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE).
A proposal to make the ban permanent was tabled.

Until 2004, EU banned the use of Diethylhexyl phthalate along with several other phthalates (DBP, BBP, DINP, DIDP and DNOP) in toys for young children.
In 2005, the Council and the Parliament compromised to propose a ban on three types of phthalates (DINP, DIDP, and DNOP) "in toys and childcare articles which can be placed in the mouth by children".
Therefore, more products than initially planned will thus be affected by the directive.

In 2008, six substances were considered to be of very high concern (SVHCs) and added to the Candidate List including musk xylene, MDA, HBCDD, DEHP, BBP, and DBP.
In 2011, those six substances have been listed for Authorization in Annex XIV of REACH by Regulation (EU) No 143/2011.
According to the regulation, phthalates including DEHP, BBP and DBP will be banned from February 2015.

In 2012, Danish Environment Minister Ida Auken announced the ban of DEHP, DBP, DIBP and BBP, pushing Denmark ahead of the European Union which has already started a process of phasing out phthalates.
However, Diethylhexyl phthalate was postponed by two years and would take effect in 2015 and not in December 2013, which was the initial plan.
The reason is that the four phthalates are far more common than expected and that producers cannot phase out phthalates as fast as the Ministry of Environment requested.

In 2012, France became the first country in the EU to ban the use of Diethylhexyl phthalate in pediatrics, neonatal, and maternity wards in hospitals.

Diethylhexyl phthalate has now been classified as a Category 1B reprotoxin, and is now on the Annex XIV of the European Union's REACH legislation.
Diethylhexyl phthalate has been phased out in Europe under REACH and can only be used in specific cases if an authorization has been granted.
Authorizations are granted by the European Commission, after obtaining the opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) and the Committee for Socio-economic Analysis (SEAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

California:
Diethylhexyl phthalate is classified as a "chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm" (in this case, both) under the terms of Proposition 65.

Handling and storage of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

Precautions for safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1C: Combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

Storage of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Diethylhexyl phthalate should be stored in tightly-closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place.

Diethylhexyl phthalate should be handled in accordance with good industry safety and hygiene practices.
Relevant engineering controls should be implemented.

Diethylhexyl phthalate may cause skin irritation if contact is repeated or prolonged, as well as severe eye irritation.
Risks from inhalation of vapour are minimal at room temperature but may cause irritation at higher temperatures.
Personal protective equipment including approved safety glasses, impervious clothing and gloves must be worn, and respirators should be worn where deemed necessary by risk assessments for the task being carried out.

Stability and reactivity of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability
Diethylhexyl phthalate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Conditions to avoid
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

General advice:
Show Diethylhexyl phthalate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Diethylhexyl phthalate no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
CAS Number: 117-81-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:17747
ChEMBL: ChEMBL402794
ChemSpider: 21106505
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.829
EC Number: 204-211-0 617-060-4
KEGG: C03690
PubChem CID: 8343
RTECS number: TI0350000
UNII: C42K0PH13C
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5020607
InChI: InChI=1S/C24H38O4/c1-5-9-13-19(7-3)17-27-23(25)21-15-11-12-16-22(21)24(26)28-18-20(8-4)14-10-6-2/h11-12,15-16,19-20H,5-10,13-14,17-18H2,1-4H3
Key: BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=C(OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1C(OCC(CC)CCCC)=O

Synonym(s): Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP, DOP, Phthalic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl ester)
Linear Formula: C6H4-1,2-[CO2CH2CH(C2H5)(CH2)3CH3]2
CAS Number: 117-81-7
Molecular Weight: 390.56
Beilstein: 1890696
EC Number: 204-211-0
MDL number: MFCD00009493
PubChem Substance ID: 24893594
NACRES: NA.22

Properties of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Chemical formula: C24H38O4
Molar mass: 390.564 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid
Density: 0.99 g/mL (20°C)
Melting point: −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
Boiling point: 385 °C (725 °F; 658 K)
Solubility in water: 0.00003% (23.8 °C)
Vapor pressure: < 0.01 mmHg (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4870

vapor density: >16 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: 1.2 mmHg ( 93 °C)
Assay: ≥99.5%
form: oil
autoignition temp.: 734 °F
impurities: ≤0.05% water (Karl Fischer)
color: APHA: ≤10

refractive index:
n25/D 1.483-1.487
n20/D 1.486 (lit.)

bp: 384 °C (lit.)
mp: −50 °C (lit.)

density:
0.985-0.987 g/mL at 20 °C
0.985 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

suitability: suitable for acidity (<=0.003%as phthalic acid)

SMILES string: CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)c1ccccc1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC
InChI: 1S/C24H38O4/c1-5-9-13-19(7-3)17-27-23(25)21-15-11-12-16-22(21)24(26)28-18-20(8-4)14-10-6-2/h11-12,15-16,19-20H,5-10,13-14,17-18H2,1-4H3
InChI key: BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 390.6 g/mol
XLogP3: 9.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 18
Exact Mass: 390.27700969 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 390.27700969 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Complexity: 369
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Diethylhexyl phthalate:

Regulatory process names:
Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP)
Dioctyl phthalate
Dioctyl phthalate
dioctyl phthalate

IUPAC names:
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
dioctyl phtalate
DIOCTYL PHTHALATE
Dioctyl phthalate
dioctyl phthalate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate

Other names:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-sec octyl phthalate (archaic)
DEHP
Isooctyl phthalate, di-
DNOP

Other identifiers:
117-84-0
27214-90-0
8031-29-6

Synonyms of Diethylhexyl phthalate:
Dioctyl phthalate
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
117-84-0
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
DNOP
Vinicizer 85
Dinopol NOP
n-Octyl phthalate
Phthalic acid, dioctyl ester
Phthalic acid di-n-octyl ester
Dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Dioctyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Bis(n-octyl) phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
RCRA waste number U107
di-octyl phthalate
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove
NSC 15318
N-Dioctyl phthalate
CCRIS 6196
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarbonic acid, dioctyl ester
HSDB 1345
AI3-15071 (USDA)
EINECS 204-214-7
8031-29-6
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
RCRA waste no. U107
BRN 1915994
Benzenedicarboxylic acid di-n-octyl ester
UNII-8X3RJ0527W
DTXSID1021956
CHEBI:34679
8X3RJ0527W
NSC-15318
NCGC00090781-02
DTXCID801956
Phthalic acid, bis-n-octyl ester
CAS-117-84-0
Di-n-octyl phthalate, analytical standard
Dioktylftalat
Diocyl phthalate
n-Dioctylphthalate
1, dioctyl ester
Vinycizer 85
Phthalate, Dioctyl
di-n-octylphthalate
Dioctyl o-phthalate
Phthalic acid dioctyl
Dioctyl phthalate, n-
DOP (CHRIS Code)
Dioctyl phthalate, n-;
Phtalate de dioctyle normal
Di-n-octylphthalate (DnOP)
SCHEMBL23053
BIDD:ER0319
DnOP (Di-n-octyl phthalate)
CHEMBL1409747
NSC15318
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
Tox21_111020
Tox21_202233
Tox21_300549
Di-n-octyl phthalate, p.a., 99%
LS-594
MFCD00015292
STL280370
O-Benzenedicarboxylicacid Dioctylester
AKOS015889916
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
NCGC00090781-01
NCGC00090781-03
NCGC00090781-04
NCGC00090781-05
NCGC00254360-01
NCGC00259782-01
Di-n-octyl phthalate, >=98.0% (GC)
FT-0655747
FT-0667608
P0304
EN300-40135
IS_DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE-3,4,5,6-D4
A803836
Q908490
J-003672
J-520376
F0001-0293
Z407875554
Di-n-octyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]morpholine
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholine [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
545-82-4 [RN]
Aziridine, 1,1'-(4-morpholinylphosphinylidene)bis-
Aziridine, 1,1'-(morpholinophosphinylidene)bis-
Bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholinophosphine oxide
Dioctyl phthalate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Morpholine, 4-[bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]- [ACD/Index Name]
4-(di(aziridin-1-yl)phosphoryl)morpholine
4-[BIS(AZIRIDIN-1-YL)PHOSPHOROSO]MORPHOLINE
4-[bis(aziridin-1-yl)phosphoryl]morpholine
Aziridine, 1, 1'-(4-morpholinylphosphinylidene)bis-
Lederle 7-7344
MEPA
Morpholine, 4-(bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl)- (9CI)
Morpholine, 4-[bis (1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]-
N-(3-Oxapentamethylene)-N',N''-diethylenephosphoramide
N, N'-Diethylene-N''-(3-oxapentamethylene)phosphoramide
N,N'-Diethylene-N''-(3-oxapentamethylene)phosphoramide
ODEPA
Oxa DEPA
Phosphine oxide, bis (1-aziridinyl)morpholino-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)-4-morpholinyl-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholino-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholino- (8CI)
Dioctyl phthalate
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
117-84-0
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Dinopol NOP
n-Octyl phthalate
Vinicizer 85
DNOP
Phthalic acid, dioctyl ester
Polycizer 162
Phthalic acid di-n-octyl ester
Dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Dioctyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
Bis(n-octyl) phthalate
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove
NSC 15318
UNII-8X3RJ0527W
1,2-Benzenedicarbonic acid, dioctyl ester
CHEBI:34679
8X3RJ0527W
MFCD00015292
68515-43-5
NCGC00090781-02
DSSTox_CID_1956
DSSTox_RID_76425
DSSTox_GSID_21956
8031-29-6
octyl 2-(octyloxycarbonyl)benzoate
di-octyl phthalate
CAS-117-84-0
Di-n-octyl phthalate, analytical standard
CCRIS 6196
HSDB 1345
AI3-15071 (USDA)
EINECS 204-214-7
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
RCRA waste no. U107
BRN 1915994
Benzenedicarboxylic acid di-n-octyl ester
1, dioctyl ester
Vinycizer 85
di-n-octylphthalate
Dioctyl o-phthalate
Phthalic acid dioctyl
Phthalic acid, bis-n-octyl ester
0014AD
ANW-17052
Di-n-octyl phthalate, p.a., 99%
NSC-15318
SBB008723
STL280370
AKOS015889916
MCULE-5138747558
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Di-n-octyl phthalate, >=98.0% (GC)
LS-15074
FT-0655747
FT-0667608
P0304
ST50826905
C14227
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID DIOCTYL ESTER
Di-n-octyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
DIETHYLHEXYLCYCLOHEXANE
Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Dietilaminoetanol; 2-Diéthylaminoéthanol; 2-Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Hydroxytriethylamine; 2-N,N-diethylaminoethanol; beta-diethylaminoethanol; beta-hydroxytriethylamine; diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Diethylaminoethanol; Diethylethanolamine; DEAE; N-diethylaminoethanol; N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanolamine; N,N-diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) Amine; cas no: 100-37-8
DIETILAMINOETANOL-(DEAE)
DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; cas no:111-40-0
DIETILENTETRAAMIN-(DETA)
N-Ethyl-N-hydroxy-Ethanamine; N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine; DEHA cas no: 3710-84-7
DIETILHEKZILAMIN-(DEHA)
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; (Carboxymethylimino)bis(ethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid, N,N-Bis(2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl)glycine, DETAPAC, DTPA, Penta(carboxymethyl)diethylenetriamine, Pentetic acid cas no:67-43-6
DIETYLENETRIAMINPENTAACETIC ACID 
Di(isooctadecanoic) acid, diester with oxydi(propanediol); Isooctadecanoic acid, diester with diglycerol; Isooctadecanoic acid, diester with oxybis(propenediol); Polyglyceryl-2 diisostearate; cas no: 67938-21-0
DIGLYCERYL DIISOSTEARATE
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester; BIS(2-METHYLPROPYL)PHTHALATE; DIBP; DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE; DI-ISO-BUTYL PHTHALATE-3,4,5,6-D4; DI-ISO-BUTYL PHTHALATE-D4; PHTHALIC ACID, BIS-ISO-BUTYL ESTER; PHTHALIC ACID DIISOBUTYL ESTER; Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove; Hexaplas M/1B; Isobutyl phthalate; Kodaflex DIBP; Palatinol 1C; Palatinol IC; Uniplex 155; Diisobutyl o-phthalate; Diisobutylphthalate,99%; BIS(METHYL-PROPYL)PHTHALATE; DIISOBUTYLPHTHALATEESTER; Phthalsurediisobutylester CAS NO:84-69-5
DIGLYCOLAMINE
CAS: 929-06-6
European Community (EC) Number: 213-195-4
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO2
Average mass: 105.136 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol

DESCRIPTION:

Diglycolamine (DGA), a versatile amine used across a range of applications.
Diglycolamine is used in gas treating as an amine solvent for the bulk removal of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide.
Other major applications include electronics and metalworking, and Diglycolamine is an intermediate for products in end-use applications ranging from agrochemicals to polyurethane foam insulation.

Diglycolamine appears as a colorless liquid with a faint fishlike odor.
Diglycolamine is combustible but difficult to ignite.
Diglycolamine is corrosive to tissue.
Combustion of Diglycolamine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen.

Diglycolamine is an essentially colorless, slightly viscous liquid.
Diglycolamine is a non-volatile primary amine with a low tendency to leach cobalt, aluminum, or copper.
Diglycolamine is 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol.

Diglycolamine is a versatile amine used across a range of applications.
Diglycolamine is used in gas treating as an amine solvent for the bulk removal of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide.



Other major applications include electronics and metalworking, and it is an intermediate for products in end-use applications ranging from agrochemicals to polyurethane foam insulation.
Diglycolamine is essentially colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild amine odor.
DGA is miscible with water, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons, but relatively immiscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and ethyl ether.
Isometric with diethanolamine; however, the primary H2N group makes Diglycolamine more reactive.



CAS: 929-06-6
European Community (EC) Number: 213-195-4
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO2
Average mass: 105.136 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol







CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIGLYCOLAMINE:
Molecular Weight: 105.14
XLogP3-AA: -1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 105.078978594
Monoisotopic Mass: 105.078978594
Topological Polar Surface Area: 55.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 32.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point, C (F): 221 (430)
Flash point, PMCC, C (F): 124 (255)
Freezing point, C (F) :-12 (10)
pH: 12
Specific gravity, 20/20C: 1
Vapor pressure, mm Hg, 20C (68F): < 0.01
Vapor Density: 4
Viscosity, cSt, 51.7C (125F) :7.5
Water solubility: > 10









CAS: 929-06-6
European Community (EC) Number: 213-195-4
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO2
Average mass: 105.136 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol







FEATURES OF DIGLYCOLAMINE:
• Primary Amine
• Isomeric with DEA
• Inventory listed (TSCA, EINECS, MITI, DSL, AICS)
• Used commercially in U.S. and Europe as DEA replacement
• Low toxicity profile
• Non-mutagenic
• Non-dermal sensitizer
• Lower volatility, higher boiling and flash points than other DEA substitutes
• Lower freezing points than other DEA substitutes
• Provides buffering and corrosion protection
• Lime-tolerant
• Readily forms amides


BENEFITS OF DIGLYCOLAMINE:
• DEA free
• Reacts readily with acids to form amides and salts
• Stoichiometrically equivalent to DEA
• Minimal disposal problems
• Reduced volatility and respiratory concerns; Good cold weather handling
• Similar to DEA in providing buffering capacity
• Amides provide lubricity, emulsification, hard water stability




APPLICATIONS OF DIGLYCOLAMINE AGENT:
DIGLYCOLAMINE is Used for carbonyl sulfide (COS) removal from liquid hydrocarbon streams
DIGLYCOLAMINE is Used as a selective solvent for recovery of aromatics from refinery streams
DIGLYCOLAMINE Removes carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural and refinery gas, aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids and other sour hydrocarbon steams.
DIGLYCOLAMINE is used in Preparation of foam stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, condensation polymers, photoresist strippers, and amides for personal care and metalworking applications.



CAS: 929-06-6
European Community (EC) Number: 213-195-4
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO2
Average mass: 105.136 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIGLYCOLAMINE:
FIRST AID:
Eye Contact:
Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact lenses, if worn, while flushing.
Seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of water.
Seek medical attention.

Inhalation:
Remove the person from exposure.
Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.

Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
Medical observation is recommended for several days after exposure or if symptoms are present, as some symptoms may be delayed.
TOXICITY AND SAFETY:
The principal health hazard from accidental exposure to DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is a moderate-to-severe irritation/corrosion of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.
Chemical-type goggles with face shield must be worn during handling or use of the undiluted product or concentrated solutions.
Contact lenses should not be worn.

Protective clothing, and gloves resistant to chemicals and petroleum distillates, must be worn.
Should accidental eye contact occur, flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Eyelids should be held apart to permit rinsing of entire surface of eyes and lids.
Get medical attention immediately.

For skin contact, immediately flush skin with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention immediately.
Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse.

Personal Protective Equipment:
The OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standard (29 CFR 1910.132) requires employers to determine the appropriate personal protective equipment for each hazard and to train employees on how and when to use protective equipment.
The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation.

Gloves and Clothing:
Avoid skin contact with 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol.
Wear personal protective equipment made from material which can not be permeated or degraded by this substance.
Safety equipment suppliers and manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove and clothing material for your operation.
Safety equipment manufacturers recommend Silver Shield®/4H® for gloves and Tychem® fabrics; Zytron® 300; Saint-Gobain ONESuit® TEC; and Trellchem® fabrics, or the equivalent, as protective materials for Diethylamine.
All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.

Eye Protection:
Wear indirect-vent, impact and splash resistant goggles when working with liquids.
Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances.


Fire Hazards:
If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in the OSHA Fire Brigades Standard (29 CFR 1910.156).
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol may burn, but does not readily ignite.
Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or foam as extinguishing agents.
Water or foam may cause frothing. DO NOT use solid streams of water.
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Nitrogen Oxides and Ammonia.
Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.


Handling and Storage:
Prior to working with 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol you should be trained on its proper handling and storage.
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol reacts violently with STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC).
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol reacts with REDUCING AGENTS (such as LITHIUM, SODIUM, ALUMINUM and their HYDRIDES) to produce flammable and explosive Hydrogen gas.
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol is not compatible with ISOCYANATES; HALOGENATED ORGANICS (such as TRICHLOROETHANE and METHYLENE CHLORIDE); METALS and their ALLOYS (such as COPPER, ZINC, and GALVANIZED IRON); PHENOLS; ALCOHOLS; EPOXIDES; ANHYDRIDES; and ACID HALIDES.
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area.
Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where 2-(2 Aminoethoxy)Ethanol is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol attacks PAINTS, RUBBER, COATINGS, and METALS.
DO NOT store in metal containers.

Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)Ethanol.



CAS: 929-06-6
European Community (EC) Number: 213-195-4
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO2
Average mass: 105.136 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol



SYNONYMS OF DIGLYCOLAMINE:
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
2-(2-AMINOETHOXY)ETHANOL
929-06-6
Diglycolamine
Ethanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)-
2-Aminoethoxyethanol
Amino-PEG2-alcohol
2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethan-1-ol
Diethylene glycol monoamine
Diethylene glycol amine
1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane
2-Amino-2'-hydroxydiethyl ether
5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamine
Diethylene glycolamine
2-(Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
Diglycolamine agent
NSC 86108
.beta.-(.beta.-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
6R5Y84T8W9
NSC-86108
.beta.-Hydroxy-.beta.'-aminoethyl ether
DSSTox_CID_7341
2-[2-aminoethoxy]ethanol
DSSTox_RID_78414
DSSTox_GSID_27341
CAS-929-06-6
HSDB 5770
5-Aminoethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether
beta-(beta-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
beta-Hydroxy-beta'-aminoethyl ether
EINECS 213-195-4
MFCD00008181
UN3055
beta-Hydroxy-beta'-aminodiethyl ether
NH2-PEG2-OH
2-(2-aminoethoxy)-ethanol
BRN 0906728
UNII-6R5Y84T8W9
2-Aminoethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether
2-(aminoethoxy)ethanol
2(2-aminoetoxy)ethanol
2-(aminoethoxy) ethanol
2-(2-aminoethoxyl)ethanol
EC 213-195-4
N-2-hydroxyethoxyethylamine
2-(2'-aminoethoxy)ethanol
2-(2-amino-ethoxy)ethanol
2-(2-aminoethoxy) ethanol
2-(beta-aminoethoxy)ethanol
DIGLYCOLAMINE [HSDB]
WLN: Z2O2Q
SCHEMBL18700
2-(2-amino-ethoxy) ethanol
2-(2-amino-ethoxy)-ethanol
4-04-00-01412 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
2-[(2-aminoethyl)oxy]ethanol
O-(2-Hydroxyethyl)ethanolamine
CHEMBL3183757
DTXSID6027341
HO-PEG-amine, MW 2,000
HO-PEG-amine, MW 3,400
HO-PEG-amine, MW 5,000
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol, 98%
HO-PEG-amine, MW 1,000
HO-PEG-amine, MW 10,000
HO-PEG-amine, MW 20,000
AMY18064
NSC86108
ZINC1760798
beta-(beta'-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
Tox21_201287
Tox21_303163
BBL011501
CCG-40525
STL146613
AKOS000120504
NCGC00249016-01
NCGC00257067-01
NCGC00258839-01
2-(2-AMINOETHOXY)ETHANOL [INCI]
BP-23100
BP-23355
BP-23641
BP-23642
BP-23664
BP-23967
BP-25215
BP-31037
Ethylene Glycol Mono(2-aminoethyl) Ether
VS-02964
DB-057345
A0301
FT-0608422
C70233
BETA.-HYDROXY-.BETA.'-AMINODIETHYL ETHER
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol [UN3055] [Corrosive]
W-109101
Q15977915
F2190-0373
1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(2-Aminoéthoxy)éthanol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
213-195-4 [EINECS]
2-Aminoethoxyethanol
4-04-00-01412 [Beilstein]
5-Aminoethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether
5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamine
929-06-6 [RN]
Diethylene glycol amine
diethylene glycol monoamine
diethylene glycolamine
Diglycolamine
Ethanol, 2- (2-aminoethoxy)-
Ethanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)- [ACD/Index Name]
MFCD00008181 [MDL number]
β-(β-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
β-(β-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
β-Hydroxy-β'-aminodiethyl ether
β-Hydroxy-β'-aminoethyl ether
2-(2′-Aminoethoxy)ethanol
2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethan-1-ol
2-(2-Amino-ethoxy)-ethanol
2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylammonium
2-(HYDROXYETHOXY)ETHYLAMINE
2-[2-Aminoethoxy]ethanol
213-195-4MFCD00008181
2-Amino-2'-hydroxydiethyl ether
2-Aminoethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether
2-aminoethyl-2-hydroxyethyl ether
32130-27-1 [RN]
Amino-PEG2-alcohol
Diethyleneglycolamine
Diglycolamine agent
Ethylene glycol mono(2-aminoethyl) ether
VS-02964
Z2O2Q [WLN]
β(β-hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine
β-Hydroxy-β'-aminoethyl ether






DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA)
Diglycolamine (DGA) is a colorless liquid, slightly sticky and slightly aminous.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can be dispersed in water, alcohols and aromatic olefins, but it is poorly dispersed in aliphatic olefins and ethers.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is clear, colorless to yellowish, water soluble, corrosive liquid with an ammonia-like odor.


CAS Number: 929-06-6
EC Number: 213-195-4
MDL number: MFCD00008181
Linear Formula: NH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2OH / C4H11NO2



SYNONYMS:
Ethanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)-, β-(β-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, β-Hydroxy-β'-aminoethyl ether, Diethylene glycol amine, Diethylene glycol monoamine, 1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane, 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, 2-Amino-2'-hydroxydiethyl ether, 2-Aminoethoxyethanol, 2-(Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, 2-Aminoethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether, Aminoethoxyethanol, Diglycolamine agent, 5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamine, NSC 86108
2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol, Diethylene glycolamine, Diglycolamine, Ethanol,2-(2-aminoethoxy)-, 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol, Diglycolamine, β-Hydroxy-β′-aminodiethyl ether, Diethylene glycol monoamine, 1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane, 2-Amino-2′-hydroxydiethyl ether, Diethylene glycol amine, 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, β-(β-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, 2-(Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, 2-Aminoethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether, 5-Amino-3-oxapentan-1-ol, 5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamine, NSC 86108, Diglycolamine Agent, 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethan-1-ol, O-(2-Hydroxyethyl) ethanolamine, 916852-33-0, 1790637-36-3, 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethan-1-ol, Diglykolamin, Aminodiglykol (ADG), Ethylenglycol-mono-(2-aminoethylether), Diethylenglycolamin, 2-(2-AMINOETHOXY)ETHANOL, 1-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane, 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, 2-(Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, 2-Amino-2'-hydroxydiethyl ether, 2-Aminoethoxyethanol, 2-Aminoethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether, 5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamine, Aminoethoxyethanol, Diethylene glycol amine, Diethylene glycol monoamine, Diglycolamine agent, Ethanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)-, NSC 86108, «beta»-(«beta»-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, «beta»-Hydroxy-«beta»'-aminoethyl ether, «beta»-(«beta»-Hydroxyethoxy)ethylamine, «beta»-Hydroxy-«beta»'-aminoethyl ether, DGA, Diglycolamine, Aminoethoxyethanol, 2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethanol, 1-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, Ethanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)-, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanaminium, O-(2-Hydroxyethyl)ethanolamine DGA, 2-(2-AMINOETHOXY)ETHANOL FOR SYNTHESIS, Diethylene Glycolamine, Diglycolamine, Ethylene Glycol Mono(2-aminoethyl) Ether, O-(2-Hydroxyethyl)ethanolamine



Diglycolamine (DGA) is a primary amine.
Compared with other commonly used amines, Diglycolamine (DGA) has the following characteristics and advantages in the application of metal processing fluids.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is a colorless liquid, slightly sticky and slightly aminous.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can be dispersed in water, alcohols and aromatic olefins, but it is poorly dispersed in aliphatic olefins and ethers.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild amine odor.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is miscible with water, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons, but relatively immiscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and ethyl ether.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is a versatile amine used across a range of applications.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is a first-type amine liquid with the chemical formula C4H11NO2, which is soluble in water, alcohol, and aromatic hydrocarbons.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is the most common amine solution in the first amine purification unit or gas sweetening unit and carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide absorption.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is essentially colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild amine odor.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is miscible with water, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons, but relatively immiscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and ethyl
ether.
Isometric with diethanolamine; however, the primary H2N group makes it more reactive.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is clear, colorless to yellowish, water soluble, corrosive liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is a colorless liquid, slightly sticky and slightly aminous.


Diglycolamine (DGA) can be dispersed in water, alcohols and aromatic olefins, but it is poorly dispersed in aliphatic olefins and ethers.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is a primary amine.
Diglycolamine (DGA), with the chemical formula HN(CH2CH2OH)2, is a derivative of alkanolamines.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is a clear, colorless, hygroscopic liquid that combines the properties of amines and alcohols in its structure, having both hydroxyl and amine functionalities.
Additionally, Diglycolamine (DGA) has roles in the formulation of personal care products, acting as an emulsifier or a stabilizer, ensuring product consistency and quality.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild amine odor.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is miscible with water, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons, but relatively immiscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and ethyl ether.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is essentially colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a mild amine odor.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is miscible with water, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons, but relatively immiscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and ethyl ether.
Isometric with Diglycolamine (DGA); however, the primary H2N group makes it more reactive.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is a primary amine, especially recommended for metalworking fluids, and can replace diethanolamine.


Diglycolamine (DGA) can be stoichiometrically equivalent to diethanolamine, can provide a similar buffer, and the resulting salt can improve the stability of hard water.
Diglycolamine (DGA) has no evaporation and has low dissolution to copper, aluminum and cobalt.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used for carbonyl sulfide (COS) removal from liquid hydrocarbon streams
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used as a selective solvent for recovery of aromatics from refinery streams
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used removes carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural and refinery gas, aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids and other sour hydrocarbon steams.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used preparation of foam stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, condensation polymers, photoresist strippers, and amides for personal care and metalworking applications.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used in gas treating as an amine solvent for the bulk removal of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide.


Other major applications include electronics and metalworking, and Diglycolamine (DGA) is an intermediate for products in end-use applications ranging from agrochemicals to polyurethane foam insulation.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used removal of COS from liquid hydrocarbon vapor.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used solvent.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used removal of H2S and CO2 from natural and refinery gas and aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used foam preparation and stabilizer.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used in water treatments, gas refining, preparation of foam stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, condensation polymers, photoresist strippers, and amides for personal care and metalworking applications.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is mainly used as absorbent of acid gas, surfactant and wetting agent, and also as raw material of polymer.


As a desulfurizer, Diglycolamine (DGA) has excellent performance.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can also be used in high and cold conditions, especially in hot, water-deficient and desert areas.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is mainly used as absorbent of acid gas, surfactant and wetting agent, and also as raw material of polymer.


As a desulfurizer, Diglycolamine (DGA) has excellent performance.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can also be used in high and cold conditions, especially in hot, water-deficient and desert areas.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used removes carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural and refinery gas, aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids and other sour hydrocarbon steams.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used as selective solvent for recovery of aromatics from refinery streams.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used for carbonyl sulfide (COS) removal from liquid hydrocarbon streams.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used preparation of foam stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, condensation polymers and amides for personal care and metalworking applications.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used removes carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural and refinery gas, aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids and other sour hydrocarbon steams.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used preparation of foam stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, condensation polymers, photoresist strippers, and amides for personal care and metalworking applications.


One of the primary applications of Diglycolamine (DGA) is in gas treatment.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is employed for the removal of acid gases like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas and refinery process streams.


Diglycolamine (DGA) acts by selectively absorbing these gases, ensuring the purification of these industrial gases.
Furthermore, for coatings and paints, Diglycolamine (DGA) serves as an additive to improve the properties of certain formulations.
Due to its unique structure, Diglycolamine (DGA) can also be used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals and solvents.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used for carbonyl sulfide (COS) removal from liquid hydrocarbon streams
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used as a selective solvent for recovery of aromatics from refinery streams
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used removes carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural and refinery gas, aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids and other sour hydrocarbon steams.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used preparation of foam stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, condensation polymers, photoresist strippers, and amides for personal care and metalworking applications.
Amine gas treating, also known as amine scrubbing, gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various alkylamines (commonly referred to simply as amines) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from gases.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is a commonunit process used in refineries, and is also used in petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants and other industries.
Processes within oil refineries or chemical processing plants that remove hydrogen sulfide are referred to as "sweetening" processes because the odor of the processed products is improved by the absence of hydrogen sulfide.


An alternative to the use of amines involves membrane technology.
However, membrane separation is less attractive due to the relatively high capital and operating costs as well as other technical factors.
The most commonly used of Diglycolamine (DGA) amines in industrial plants are the alkanolamines DEA, MEA, and MDEA.


These amines are also used in many oil refineries to removesour gases from liquid hydrocarbons such as liquified petroleum gas (LPG).
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used removes carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural and refinery gas, aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids and other sour hydrocarbon steams.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used preparation of foam stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, condensation polymers, photoresist strippers, and amides for personal care and metalworking applications
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used for carbonyl sulfide (COS) removal from liquid hydrocarbon streams


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used as a selective solvent for recovery of aromatics from refinery streams
Diglycolamine (DGA) is used removes carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural and refinery gas, aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids and other sour hydrocarbon steams.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used preparation of foam stabilizers, wetting and emulsifying agents, condensation polymers, photoresist strippers, and amides for personal care and metalworking applications.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is a versatile amine that can be reacted with fatty acids to form amides and amine salts for foam-boosting surfactants, stabilizers, detergents, and emulsifying and wetting agents in shampoos, metalworking, paper treating and textile operations.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is used in gas treating as an amine solvent for the bulk removal of hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulphide.
Diglycolamine (DGA) is also a key component in paint, photoresist for electronic circuit boards, corrosion inhibitors, cutting fluids, amides and other applications where primary amines are useful.


Applications of Diglycolamine (DGA): Plastics, Pesticide, Water Purify, Fabrics & Dyes, Rubber & Paper, Pharmaceuticals, Waste Treatment, and Household Cleaning.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can be used as an absorbent for acid gas.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can be used as a surfactant and wetting agent.


Diglycolamine (DGA) is also used as a raw material for polymers.
Diglycolamine (DGA) has excellent performance as a desulfurizer.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can also be used in high cold, especially suitable for hot, water shortage and desert areas.


-Many different amines are used in gas treating:
Diethanolamine (DEA)
Monoethanolamine (MEA)
Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)
Diisopropanolamine (DIPA)
Aminoethoxyethanol (Diglycolamine) (DGA)



CHARACTERISTICS AND ADVANTAGES OF DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
Compared with other commonly used amines, Diglycolamine (DGA) has the following unique product characteristics and advantages:
1. The dissolution of cobalt metal is much lower than that of other amines, thereby prolonging the service life of cutting tools and having good protection against ferrous metal corrosion.
2. The dissolution/corrosion of copper metal is much lower than other amines
3. Low corrosion to aluminum metal stains
4. Higher alkali value storage capacity and pH stability
5. Low toxicity, low aquatic toxicity, not easy to generate nitrite, and no sensitization to human body
6. Easily biodegradable, low bioaccumulation, that is, high biostability
7. Low volatility helps to improve the operating environment of the factory.
The low pour point and low viscosity improve the operability of the product and the adaptability to hard water is good.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
Diglycolamine (DGA) is an important polyurethane foam catalyst, its catalytic production of polyurethane foam has the characteristics of low odor, can produce rigid packaging foam, high rebound foam, widely used in automobiles, household appliances and other fields.
In addition, Diglycolamine (DGA) is a widely used pharmaceutical intermediate preparation reactant and has been used to prepare TD-4306.



FEATURES OF DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
One of the important features of Diglycolamine (DGA) solvent is its low vapor pressure and high density.
These characteristics of Diglycolamine (DGA) make the amount of circulating solvent to be reduced and the loss of solvent to be minimized if diglycolamine is used.
For this reason, Diglycolamine (DGA) is economically more affordable than monomethanol amine.



PERFORMANCE OF DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
Diglycolamine (DGA) is an important solvent and organic raw material.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can dissolve with water, dissolve aromatics and absorb acid gases (H2S and CO2).



CHARACTERISTICS AND ADVANTAGES IN THE APPLICATION OF DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
Compared with other commonly used amines, Diglycolamine (DGA) has the following characteristics and advantages in the application of metal processing fluids:
1. The dissolution of cobalt metal is much lower than that of other amines, which prolongs the service life of cutting tools and has good corrosion protection for ferrous metals.
2. Dissolution/corrosion of copper metal is much lower than that of other amines.
3. Low corrosion to aluminium stains
4. Higher alkali value reserve capacity and PH stability
5. Low toxicity, low aquatic biological toxicity, not easy to produce nitrite, no sensitization to human body.
6. Easily biodegradable, low bioaccumulation, i.e. high biological stability
7. Low volatility helps to improve the operating environment of the plant.
Low pour point and low viscosity improve the operability of the product.
8. Good adaptability to hard water



PERFORMANCE OF DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
Diglycolamine (DGA) is an important solvent and organic raw material.
Diglycolamine (DGA) can dissolve with water, dissolve aromatics and absorb acid gases (H2S and CO2).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
Molecular Weight: 105.14
Appearance Form: liquid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 218 - 224 °C - lit.
Flash point: 127 °C - DIN 51758
Evaporation rate: No data available
PSA: 55.48 Ų
XLogP3: -1.37
Appearance: Yellow Crystalline Powder and/or Chunks
Density: 1.0572 g/cm³ @ 20 °C
Melting Point: -12.5 °C
Boiling Point: 221 °C

Flash Point: >230 °F
Refractive Index: 1.449
Water Solubility: Miscible with water
Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C
Vapor Pressure: Flammability characteristics: Combustible; decomposes to toxic nitrogen oxide fumes when exposed to heat
Explosive limit: 2.0-15.5% (V)
Odor: Mild amine odor
Air and Water Reactions: Water-soluble
Reactive Group: Alcohols and Polyols
Empirical Formula: C4H11NO2
Molecular Weight: 105.1

Density: 1.06 g/cm³ @ 20 °C
Boiling Point: 222.6°C
Freezing Point: -10°C
Flash Point (closed cup): 127°C
Ignition Temperature: 127°C
CAS: 929-06-6
EINECS: 213-195-4
InChI: InChI=1/C4H11NO2/c1-4(6)7-3-2-5/h4,6H,2-3,5H2,1H3
InChIKey: GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits
Upper explosion limit: 15,5 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 2,0 %(V)

Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Molecular Weight: 105.14
XLogP3-AA: -1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 105.078978594
Monoisotopic Mass: 105.078978594
Topological Polar Surface Area: 55.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 32.9
Boiling point: 218 - 224 °C (1013 mbar)
Density: 1.06 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 2.0 - 15.5 %(V)
Flash point: 127 °C

Ignition temperature: 370 °C
Melting Point: -11 °C
pH value: 10.2 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: Molecular Formula: C4H11NO2
Molar Mass: 105.14 g/mol
Density: 1.05 g/cm³
Melting Point: -12.5 °C
Boiling Point: 218-224 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: >230 °F
Water Solubility: Miscible
Vapor Pressure: Appearance: Crystalline Powder and/or Chunks
Color: Yellow
BRN: 906728
pKa: 14.37±0.10 (Predicted)

pH: 10.2 (10g/L, H2O, 20 °C)
Storage Condition: Store below +30 °C
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with acids, strong oxidizing agents.
Reacts with carbon dioxide.
Sensitivity: Air Sensitive
Explosive Limit: 2.0-15.5% (V)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.460
Min. Purity Spec: 98% (GC)
Physical Form (at 20°C): Liquid
Boiling Point: 218-224°C
Flash Point: >113°C
Density: 1.048
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Auto Ignition Temperature: 370 °C (698 °F)

Boiling Point: 222.5 - 223.8 °C (432.5 - 434.8 °F)
Color: colorless
Density: 1.06 g/cm3 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Dynamic Viscosity: 8 mPa.s @ 50 °C (122 °F)
Flash Point: 127 °C (261 °F)
Kinematic Viscosity: 7.5 mm2/s @ 51.7 °C (125.1 °F)
Lower Explosion Limit: 2.0 %(V)
Melting Point: -12.5 - -10 °C (9.5 - 14 °F)
Odor: amine-like
Partition Coefficient:
Pow: -1.89
pH: 10.2 - 11.8 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Relative Density:1.06

Relative Vapor Density: 3.6
Solubility in Water: completely miscible
Upper Explosion Limit: 15.5 %(V)
Appearance: colorless liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.04800 @ 25.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 221.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.023000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 170.00 °F. TCC ( 76.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -1.298 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Product Name: Diglycolamine
CAS No.: 929-06-6
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO2
InChIKeys: InChIKey=GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 105.14
Exact Mass: 105.14
BRN: 906728
EC Number: 213-195-4
UNII: 6R5Y84T8W9
NSC Number: 86108
UN Number: 3055
DSSTox ID: DTXSID6027341
Color/Form: COLORLESS LIQUID



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Call a physician immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


DIHYDROXYACETONE
DIHYDROXYACETONE Dihydroxyacetone Dihydroxyacetone Names Preferred IUPAC name 1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-one Other names 1,3-Dihydroxypropanone Dihydroxyacetone DHA Glycerone Identifiers CAS Number 96-26-4 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:16016 check ChEMBL ChEMBL1229937 ☒ ChemSpider 650 check DrugBank DB01775 check ECHA InfoCard 100.002.268 EC Number 202-494-5 KEGG D07841 check PubChem CID 670 UNII O10DDW6JOO check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID0025072 Properties[1] Chemical formula C3H6O3 Molar mass 90.078 g·mol−1 Melting point 89 to 91 °C (192 to 196 °F; 362 to 364 K) Hazards[2] GHS pictograms Eye Irrit. 2 GHS Signal word Warning GHS hazard statements H319 GHS precautionary statements P264, P280, P305+351+338, P337+313 Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Dihydroxyacetone /ˌdaɪhaɪˌdrɒksiˈæsɪtoʊn/ (About this soundlisten) (DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula C 3H 6O 3. Dihydroxyacetone is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin. Chemistry Dihydroxyacetone is a hygroscopic white crystalline powder. It has a sweet cooling taste and a characteristic odor. It is the simplest of all ketoses and has no chiral center or optical activity. The normal form is a dimer (2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-diol) which is slowly soluble in one part water and 15 parts ethanol.[3] When freshly prepared, it reverts rapidly to the monomer in solution. Conversion of dihydroxyacetone dimer to monomer The monomer is very soluble in water, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone and toluene. Dihydroxyacetone may be prepared, along with glyceraldehyde, by the mild oxidation of glycerol, for example with hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt as catalyst. It can also be prepared in high yield and selectivity at room temperature from glycerol using cationic palladium-based catalysts with oxygen, air or benzoquinone acting as co-oxidants.[4][5][6] Glyceraldehyde is a structural isomer of dihydroxyacetone. Biology Its phosphorylated form, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), takes part in glycolysis, and it is an intermediate product of fructose metabolism. Uses Dihydroxyacetone was first recognized as a skin coloring agent by German scientists in the 1920s. Through its use in the X-ray process, it was noted as causing the skin surface to turn brown when spilled. In the 1950s, Eva Wittgenstein at the University of Cincinnati did further research with dihydroxyacetone.[7][8][9][10] Her studies involved using Dihydroxyacetone as an oral drug for assisting children with glycogen storage disease. The children received large doses of Dihydroxyacetone by mouth, and sometimes spat or spilled the substance onto their skin. Healthcare workers noticed that the skin turned brown after a few hours of Dihydroxyacetone exposure. Eva Wittgenstein continued to experiment with DHA, painting liquid solutions of it onto her own skin. She was able to consistently reproduce the pigmentation effect, and noted that Dihydroxyacetone did not appear to penetrate beyond the stratum corneum, or dead skin surface layer (the FDA eventually concluded this is not entirely true[11]). Research then continued on DHA's skin coloring effect in relation to treatment for patients suffering from vitiligo. This skin browning effect is non-toxic[citation needed], and is a result of a Maillard reaction. Dihydroxyacetone reacts chemically with the amino acids in the protein keratin, the major component of the skin surface. Different amino acids react to Dihydroxyacetone in different ways, producing different tones of coloration from yellow to brown. The resulting pigments are called melanoidins. These are similar in coloration to melanin, the natural substance in the deeper skin layers which brown or "tan", from exposure to UV rays. Winemaking Both acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter oxydans use glycerol as a carbon source to form dihydroxyacetone. Dihydroxyacetone is formed by ketogenesis of glycerol.[12] It can affect the sensory quality of the wine with sweet/etherish properties. Dihydroxyacetone can also react with proline to produce a "crust-like" aroma.[12][13][14] Dihydroxyacetone can affect the anti-microbial activity in wine, as it has the ability to bind SO2.[15] Sunless tanning Coppertone introduced the first consumer sunless tanning lotion into the marketplace in the 1960s. This product was called “Quick Tan” or “QT”. It was sold as an overnight tanning agent, and other companies followed suit with similar products. Consumers soon tired of this product due to unattractive results such as orange palms, streaking and poor coloration. Because of the QT experience, many people still associate sunless tanning with fake-looking orange tans.[citation needed] In the 1970s the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added Dihydroxyacetone permanently to their list of approved cosmetic ingredients.[16] By the 1980s, new sunless tanning formulations appeared on the market and refinements in the Dihydroxyacetone manufacturing process created products that produced a more natural looking color and better fading. Consumer concerns surrounding damage associated with UV tanning options spurred further popularity of sunless tanning products as an alternative to UV tanning. Dozens of brands appeared on drugstore shelves, in numerous formulations.[citation needed] Today, Dihydroxyacetone is the main active ingredient in many sunless tanning skincare preparations. Lotion manufacturers also produce a wide variety of sunless tanning preparations that replace Dihydroxyacetone with natural bronzing agents such as black walnut shell. Dihydroxyacetone may be used alone or combined with other tanning components such as erythrulose. Dihydroxyacetone is considered the most effective sun-free tanning additive.[citation needed] Sunless tanning products contain Dihydroxyacetone in concentrations ranging from 1% to 20%. Most drugstore products range from 3% to 5%, with professional products ranging from 5% to 20%. The percentages correspond with the product coloration levels from light to dark. Lighter products are more beginner-friendly, but may require multiple coats to produce the desired color depth. Darker products produce a dark tan in one coat, but are also more prone to streaking, unevenness, or off-color tones. The artificial tan takes 2 to 4 hours to begin appearing on the skin surface, and will continue to darken for 24 to 72 hours, depending on formulation type.[citation needed] Once the darkening effect has occurred, the tan will not sweat off or wash away with soap or water. It will fade gradually over 3 to 10 days. Exfoliation, prolonged water submersion, or heavy sweating can lighten the tan, as these all contribute to rapid dead skin cell exfoliation (the dead skin cells are the tinted portion of the sunless tan).[citation needed] Current sunless tanners are formulated into sprays, lotions, gels, mousses, and cosmetic wipes. Professional applied products include spray tanning booths, airbrush tan applications, and hand applied lotions, gels, mousses and wipes.[citation needed] Dihydroxyacetone safety considerations For the 24 hours after self-tanner (containing high Dihydroxyacetone levels, ~5%) is applied, the skin is especially susceptible to free-radical damage from sunlight, according to a 2007 study led by Katinka Jung of the Gematria Test Lab in Berlin.[17] Forty minutes after the researchers treated skin samples with high levels of Dihydroxyacetone they found that more than 180 percent additional free radicals formed during sun exposure compared with untreated skin. Another self-tanner ingredient, erythrulose, produced a similar response at high levels. For a day after self-tanner application, excessive sun exposure should be avoided and sunscreen should be worn outdoors, they say; an antioxidant cream could also minimize free radical production. Although some self-tanners contain sunscreen, its effect will not last long after application, and a fake tan itself will not protect the skin from UV exposure.[citation needed] The study by Jung et al. further confirms earlier results demonstrating that dihydroxyacetone in combination with dimethylisosorbide enhances the process of (sun-based) tanning. This earlier study also found that dihydroxyacetone also has an effect on the amino acids and nucleic acids which is bad for the skin.[18] The free radicals are in part due to the action of UV light on AGE (advanced glycation end products)[citation needed] such as Amadori products (a type of AGE) as a result of the reaction of Dihydroxyacetone with the skin. AGEs are behind the damage to the skin that occurs with high blood sugar in diabetes where similar glycation occurs. Some of the damage from AGE is independent of UV light. A study showed glycation of a protein increases its free-radical production rate nearly fifty-fold.[19] Although some self-tanners contain sunscreen, its effect will not last as long as the tan. The skin browning of a sunless tan may provide some UV protection (up to SPF 3),[20][21] but this low-level protection should be supplemented with additional protection. The stated SPF for the product is only applicable for a few hours after application of the self-tanner. Despite darkening of the skin, an individual is just as susceptible to harmful UV rays, therefore an overall sun protection is still very necessary.[22] There may also be some inhibition of vitamin D production in DHA-treated skin.[23] Contact dermatitis is occasionally reported,[24] and a recent study showed that Dihydroxyacetone causes severe contact dermatitis in Mexican hairless dogs.[25] DHA-based sunless tanning has been recommended by the Skin Cancer Foundation, American Academy of Dermatology Association, Canadian Dermatology Association and the American Medical Association as a safer alternative to sun-bathing.[citation needed] The use of Dihydroxyacetone in 'tanning' booths as an all-over spray has not been approved by the FDA, since safety data to support this use has not been submitted to the agency for review and evaluation.[26] A June 2012 FDA report claims the main chemical found inside that spray - Dihydroxyacetone - is potentially hazardous when inhaled. Some of the Dihydroxyacetone if inhaled can cause damage to cells and possibly lead to cancer according to physicians.[27] An opinion[28] issued by the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, concluding spray tanning with Dihydroxyacetone did not pose risk, has been heavily criticized by specialists.[29] This is because the cosmetics industry in Europe chose the evidence to review, according to the commission itself. Thus, nearly every report the commission's eventual opinion referenced came from studies that were never published or peer-reviewed and, in the majority of cases, were performed by companies or industry groups linked to the manufacturing of DHA. The industry left out nearly all of the peer-reviewed studies published in publicly available scientific journals that identified Dihydroxyacetone as a potential mutagen. A study by scientists from the Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, published in Mutation Research has concluded Dihydroxyacetone 'induces DNA damage, cell-cycle block and apoptosis' in cultured cells.[30] More recent research has shown that Dihydroxyacetone induces stress response gene expression and signaling in reconstructed human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes, as obvious from rapid activation of phospho-protein signal transduction [p-p38, p-Hsp27(S15/S78), p-eIF2α] and gene expression changes (HSPA6, HMOX1, CRYAB, CCL3). [31] In the report released to ABC News, FDA scientists concluded that Dihydroxyacetone does not stop at the outer dead layers of skin. They wrote: "The fate of Dihydroxyacetone remaining in skin is an important issue, since high Dihydroxyacetone skin levels were found." They added that tests they performed revealed that much of the Dihydroxyacetone applied to skin actually ended up in the living layers of skin. They concluded: "This leaves about 11 percent of the applied Dihydroxyacetone dose absorbed remaining in the [living] epidermis and dermis."[11] A toxicologist and lung specialist at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine (Dr. Rey Panettieri) has commented, "The reason I'm concerned is the deposition of the tanning agents into the lungs could really facilitate or aid systemic absorption -- that is, getting into the bloodstream. These compounds in some cells could actually promote the development of cancers or malignancies, and if that's the case then we need to be wary of them. Why use fake tan? Fake tanners, sunless tanners or preparations used to imitate a tan are becoming much more popular as people are becoming more aware of the dangers of long-term sun exposure and sunburn. There are now several ways of achieving a tan without having to expose your skin to the sun, these include: Stainers (dihydroxyacetone) Bronzers (dyes) Tan accelerators (tyrosine and psoralens) Solaria (sunbeds and sunlamps) The unlicensed injectable synthetic melanotropic peptide Melanotan II. What is dihydroxyacetone? The sunless tanner dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is currently the most popular way of gaining a tan-like appearance without sun exposure as it carries fewer health risks than any of the other available methods. To date, it is the only active ingredient approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sunless tanning. How does dihydroxyacetone work? All effective sunless tanners contain DHA. It is a colourless 3-carbon sugar that when applied to the skin causes a chemical reaction with amino acids in the surface cells of the skin producing a darkening effect Dihidroksiaseton does not damage skin as it only affects the outermost cells of the epidermis (stratum corneum). What formulations of DHA are available? There are many self-tanning preparations containing DHA on the market and many will claim to be the best formulation available. Consider the following points when deciding upon the preparation most suitable for you. Concentrations of DHA can range from 2.5 to 10% or more (mostly 3-5%). This may coincide with product ranges that list shades as light, medium, or dark. A lower concentration (lighter shade) product may be better for new users as it is more forgiving of uneven application or rough surfaces. Some formulations will also contain moisturisers. Users with dry skin will benefit from this. Alcohol-based preparations will be more suitable for oily-skinned users. DHA provides some protection against UV rays (UVA). To increase UV protection some products also include a sunscreen. Alpha hydroxy acids promote the sloughing off of excess dead skin cells so should improve the evenness of colouration. Other ingredients may be added to facilitate application or to make the colour last longer. Consult your pharmacist for advice. Who should use DHA-containing preparations? Anyone wanting a tanned appearance without having to expose himself or herself to UV light can use these preparations. However, the final look will depend on the formulation used, an individual's application technique, and the user's complexion type. Clinical uses may be for vitiligo and as camouflage of some skin irregularities such as spider veins. It may provide some protection for individuals with certain photosensitivity disorders such as polymorphic light eruption, erythropoietic protoporphyria or drug-induced photosensitivity. How do you use DHA-containing preparations? The final result obtained from DHA self-tanning preparations is highly dependent upon the individual's application technique. Care, skill and experience are necessary when using these products. The following are some self-application tips to achieving a smooth and even look. Prepare skin by cleansing then by exfoliation using a loofah; this will avoid uneven application of colour. Wipe skin down with hydroalcoholic, acidic toner, as this will remove any alkaline residues from soaps or detergents that may interfere with the reaction between DHA and amino acids. Moisturise the area first, being careful to include the bony parts of the ankles, heels and knees. Apply to skin in thin layers wherever you want colour, less to thicker skin, as the colour is maintained longer in these areas. To avoid uneven darkening on areas such as the elbows, ankles and knees, remove excess cream over bony prominences with a wet cotton pad or damp flannel. Wash hands immediately after application to avoid tanned palms. Alternatively, wear gloves to apply. To avoid staining of clothes, wait 30 minutes for the product to dry before putting on clothes. Don't shave, bathe, or swim for at least an hour after applying the product. Reapply regularly to maintain colour. Tanning salons, spas and gyms may offer professional application of sunless tanning products. Lotion can be applied by an experienced technician. A solution can be airbrushed onto the body. Step into a sunless tanning booth for a uniform full-body application. Be careful to cover eyes, lips and mucous membranes to prevent swallowing or inhaling the DHA-containing mist. Is the tan instantaneous and how long does it last? A colour change is usually apparent within an hour of application. Maximal darkening may take 8-24 hours to develop. If a darker colour is desired, several successive applications every few hours may be done to achieve this. An artificial tan produced by DHA will last until the dead skin cells rub off, usually 5-7 days with a single application. Depending on the area, the same colour can be maintained with repeat applications every 1 to 4 days. What precautions are there when using DHA self-tanning preparations? The most important thing to remember when using DHA self-tanners is that they do not protect your skin against the sun. Although DHA does provide some UV protection and many products contain additional sunscreen, the UV protection provided is much more short-lived than the skin colour change. The stated SPF for the product is only applicable for a few hours after application of the self-tanner. Despite darkening of the skin, an individual is just as susceptible to harmful UV rays, therefore it must be stressed that an overall sun protection program is still very necessary. Are there any side effects of using DHA self-tanning preparations? DHA reacts quickly in the stratum corneum, minimising systemic absorption. Contact dermatitis caused by DHA has rarely been reported. Most causes of sensitivity are due to other ingredients such as preservatives in the preparation. Dihydroxyacetone is a ketotriose consisting of acetone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3. The simplest member of the class of ketoses and the parent of the class of glycerones. It has a role as a metabolite, an antifungal agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a ketotriose and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent. Molecular Weight of Dihydroxyacetone 90.08 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Dihydroxyacetone -1.4 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Dihydroxyacetone 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Dihydroxyacetone 3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Dihydroxyacetone 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Dihydroxyacetone 90.031694 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Dihydroxyacetone 90.031694 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Dihydroxyacetone 57.5 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Dihydroxyacetone 6 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Dihydroxyacetone 44 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Dihydroxyacetone 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Dihydroxyacetone Is Canonicalized Yes Currently obtained from glycerol through microbial fermentation, the demand of 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (DHA) has significantly grown during the course of the last decade, driven by the consumer passion for a tan and increasing awareness of UV photodamage to the skin caused by prolonged exposure to the sun. We provide an updated bioeconomy perspective into a valued bioproduct (DHA), whose supply and production from glycerol, we argue in this study, will rapidly expand and diversify, with important global health benefits. Commercially obtained from glycerol through microbial fermentation, over the acetic acid bacteria, 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (DHA; 1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐propanone) is the simplest ketone form of sugars (ketoses) and an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants and animals formed during glycolysis.1 In the solid‐state, DHA exists as a dimer with a dioxan structure, which, upon dissolution, readily dissociates into a mixture of free carbonyl and hydrated monomers.
DIISOBUTYL KETONE
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK, Diizobütil keton) Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is a slow evaporating ketonic solvent which is immiscible with water, but miscible with other organic solvents. Diisobutyl ketone is a light coloured liquid with a mild, characteristic odour. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is a colorless, stabile liquid with a sweetish-menthol smell, not soluble in water, dissolves well in most organic solvents, inflammable. Miscible with most organic solvents; immiscible with water A high-boiling point, slow-evaporating solvent Excellent viscosity reduction for high-solids coatings Reduces surface tension in high-solids coatings Strong solvency with low density Volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of coatings solvents Non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) Solvent APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is widely used in industrial chemistry and industry. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton)ensures good solubility of numerous synthetic resins, among others vinyl, acryl, alkyd, polyester and epoxy resins. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) can also be used as a solvent in nitrocellulose varnishes, coatings with a high contents of solid parts, and as a pain remover. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton)is also used as a solvent for adhesives, printing inks and in the cleaning and degreasing processes, as well as a component of dyes and insecticides. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used in mining as aids in mining minerals and in extracting gold and rear earth metals from aqueous solutions, for instance for analytic purposes. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used as a solvent and aids in the extraction and recristallization process, and as a drug component in the pharmaceutical industry. Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is also an important component in the production of diisobutylcarbinol. Solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers Solvent for synthetic resin such as vinyl, acrylic, alkyd, polyester, and epoxy Solvent for high-solids coatings and stains Solvent for paint strippers Solvent for leather finishing compounds Solvent for adhesives Solvent for printing inks - roll coating inks Solvent for cleaning and degreasing Extraction solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals Extraction solvent for mining Extraction solvent for organic pollutants Chemical intermediate for diisobutyl carbinol Solvent for synthetic resin including vinyl, acrylic, alkyd, polyester, epoxy Extraction solvent & re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals Extraction solvent for organic pollutants Chemical intermediate for diisobutyl carbinol Solvent used in lacquers, synthetic resins, stains, paint strippers, adhesives, inks, mining and organic pollutants. ADVANTAGES Miscible with most organic solvents Immiscible with water A high-boiling point, slow-evaporating solvent Excellent viscosity reduction for high-solids coatings Reduces surface tension in high-solids coatings Strong solvency with low density HEALTH SAFETY Inhaling the vapors irritates the respiratory passages. It can also cause coughing, dizziness, stupor, nausea, vomiting and headache. A higher concentration can cause the depression of the central nervous system, coma and blackout. The odor of that substance is recognizable at a concentration considerably lower than that having harmful effects and should be a sufficient warning against overdosing. It can cause the irritation of the skin manifesting itself with redness and burning. Both the liquid and its vapors cause the irritation, redness and pain of the eyes. It causes the irritation of the alimentary tract. The poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Product description DIBK (Diisobutyl Ketone, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a slow evaporating, low density solvent that has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics. It is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing. The low density and low surface tension of DIBK enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties. DIISOBUTYL KETONE (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) Trade name of the product: diisobutyl ketone(DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) Chemical name of the compound: 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (iso-C4H9)2CO; 2,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone; 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanon; 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (diisobutyl ketone); 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-one, ( Diizobütil keton) Chemical and physical properties: A colorless, stabile liquid with a sweetish-menthol smell, not soluble in water, dissolves well in most organic solvents, inflammable Application of the substance: Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is widely used in industrial chemistry and industry. It ensures good solubility of numerous synthetic resins, among others vinyl, acryl, alkyd, polyester and epoxy resins. It can also be used as a solvent in nitrocellulose varnishes, coatings with a high contents of solid parts, and as a pain remover. It is also used as a solvent for adhesives, printing inks and in the cleaning and degreasing processes, as well as a component of dyes and insecticides. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used in mining as aids in mining minerals and in extracting gold and rear earth metals from aqueous solutions, for instance for analytic purposes. It is also used as a solvent and aids in the extraction and recristallization process, and as a drug component in the pharmaceutical industry. DIBK is also an important component in the production of diisobutylcarbinol. Health safety: Inhaling the vapors irritates the respiratory passages. It can also cause coughing, dizziness, stupor, nausea, vomiting and headache. A higher concentration can cause the depression of the central nervous system, coma and blackout. The odor of that substance is recognizable at a concentration considerably lower than that having harmful effects and should be a sufficient warning against overdosing. It can cause the irritation of the skin manifesting itself with redness and burning. Both the liquid and its vapors cause the irritation, redness and pain of the eyes. It causes the irritation of the alimentary tract. The poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) CAS: 108-83-8 Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a colorless, stable liquid with a mild sweet odor. DIBK is a high boiling, slow evaporating solvent that has limited water solubility, but is miscible with alcohols and ketones. DIBK has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solids coatings. DIBK is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate. Description 2, 6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, also known as diisobutyl ketone( Diizobütil keton), belongs to the family of ketones, being a flavoring ingredient. It can also be used as the extraction solvent for the determination of ten trace metals (V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb) in aqueous samples with plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Similar logic can also be applied to the measurement of phosphorus using 2, 6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the extraction agent. It is also an important organic solvent widely used as industrial intermediates. Chemical Properties colourless liquid Physical properties Clear, colorless liquid with a mild, sweet, ether-like odor. Odor threshold concentration is 0.11 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). Occurrence Reported found in baked potato and wheaten bread. Uses Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is used as a solvent fornitrocellulose, lacquers, and synthetic resins;in organic syntheses. Uses Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a transparent liquid with a distinct odor and a high boiling point. It is an heavy-end byproduct of producing MIBK. DIBK is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, Flavors and fragrances, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate. DIBK has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics. It is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing. The low density and low surface tension of DIBK enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties. DIBK has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solid’s coatings. It has good volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of solvents used in coatings. It is a non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) solvent. Uses Diisobutyl Ketone is a component of mint oil and L-carvone solutions for fungicidal and antigerminative treatment of bulbs and tubers. Production Methods Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is produced by hydrogenation of phorone or by metal-catalyzed decomposition of isovaleric acid.It is also a by-product in the manufacture of methyl isobutyl ketone. Synthesis Reference(s) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 95, p. 6876, 1973 DOI: 10.1021/ja00801a081 General Description A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 140°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Air & Water Reactions Flammable. Insoluble in water. Reactivity Profile 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone may attack some plastics. 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone reacts with oxidizers. Health Hazard Inhalation of vapor causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Vaporirritates eyes. Contact with liquid irritates skin. Health Hazard Inhalation of the vapors of diisobutyl ketone( Diizobütil keton) can produce irritation of the eyes, nose, andthroat. At 25 ppm its odor was unpleasant, but the irritation effect on humanswas insignificant. At 50 ppm the irritationwas mild. A 7- hour exposure to 125 ppmhad no adverse effect on rats; however, at250 ppm, female rats developed increasedliver and kidney weights. An 8-hour expo sure to 2000 ppm was lethal. Ingestion ofthis compound can cause the symptoms ofheadache, dizziness, and dermatitis. LD50 value, oral (rats): 5.8 g/kg. Chemical Reactivity Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: May attack some forms of plastics; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent. Safety Profile Moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Mddly toxic by skin contact. Human systemic effects by inhalation: headache, nausea or vomiting, and unspecified eye effects. An eye and skin irritant. Narcotic in high concentrations. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use Con, dry chemical, water spray, mist or fog. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also KETONES. Environmental Fate Biological. Using the BOD technique to measure biodegradation, the mean 5-d BOD value (mM BOD/mM diisobutyl ketone, ( Diizobütil keton)) and ThOD were 4.86 and 37.4%, respectively (Vaishnav et al., 1987). Chemical/Physical. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group. At an influent concentration of 300 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in nondetectable concentrations in the effluent. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 60 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974). Waste Disposal Incineration, molten metal salt destruction. Ketone has the general formula RCOR' where the groups R and R' may be the same or different, or incorporated into a ring (R and R' are alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic radicals). The simplest example, R and R´ are methyl group, is acetone (also called 2-propanone, CH3COCH3) which is one of the most important ketones used in industry (low molecular weight ketones are general purpose solvents.) In the IUPAC system, the suffix -one is used to describe ketone with the numbering of the carbon atom at the end that gives the lower number. For example, CH3CH2COCH2CH2CH3 is named Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), 3-hexanone because the whole chain contains six carbon atoms and the oxygen is connected to the third carbon from the lower number. There are aromatic ketones of Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), which acetophenone and bezophenone are examples. Ketones can be made by the oxidation of secondary alcohols and the destructive distillation of certain salts of organic acids. In addition to as polar solvents, ketones are important intermediates in the syntheses of organic compounds such as alkoxides, hydroxyalkynes, imines, alcohols (primary, secondary as well as tertiary), acetals, thioacetals, phosphine oxides, geminal diols, hydrazones, organic sulfite and cyanohydrins. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) is a clear liquid with a mild characteristic odor; miscible in oil, soluble in water. MIBK is a polar solvent. But the polarity is similar to ethyl acetate. Water solubility is not good compare to other ketone solvents like acetone and MEK (methyl ethyl ketone). This property makes MIBK Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), an useful liquid-liquid extraction solvent. MIBK is produced from acetone with hydrogen by three-step process (aldol condensation, dehydration, hydrogenation). Aiacetone alcohol (CAS #: 123-42-2) and mesityl oxide (CAS #: 141-79-7) are intermediate products during the process. The basic unit quantity of acetone to produce 1 unit of MIBK Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), is 1.22. MIBK has good compatibility with various organic reagents and solvency power for a variety industrial materials. It is primarily used in cellulose-based and resin-based coatings and adhesives. It is also employed in rare-metal extraction. It is used in dewaxing to purify pharmaceuticals, mineral oils, fatty acids, and alcohols. MIBK Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), is also an useful intermediate to produce target molecules, rubber antiozonants (e.g. 6PPD) and acetylenic diol compounds are examples of end products. Diacetone alcohol has slow evaporation rates. It is used as a solvent for both hydrogen bonding and polar substances. It is miscible in water and used as a solvent for water-based coatings. It is used as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes. Diacetone alcohol is more suitable for use in applications as a component of gravure printing inks, with proving favorable flow and leveling characteristics. Diacetone alcohol, having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule is used as a chemical intermediate. Mesityl oxide, a carbonyl compound having alpha (or beta) unsaturated chain, can be used as a raw material to produce drugs, solvents and plasticizer. Mesityl oxide is used to produce hydroperoxides. Mesityl oxide is as an extractant in ore flotation especially for actinide series elements (thorium and uranium). Diisobutyl Ketone ( Diizobütil keton), having the higher boiling than MIBK Diisobutyl Ketone ( Diizobütil keton), is produced by refining heavy end from MIBK Diisobutyl Ketone ( Diizobütil keton). DIBK Diisobutyl Ketone ( Diizobütil keton)has moderate solvent activity for polymers including nitrocellulse, alkyd, vinyl and epoxy resins. DIBK is a component for solvents in sealants and inks. It is used as an extraction solvent and as an aid to purify pharmaceuticals. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SOLVENT Solvent is a substance, usually a liquid, that acts as a dissolving agent or that is capable of dissolving another substance. In solutions of solids or gases in a liquid, the liquid is the solvent. In all other homogeneous mixtures (i.e., liquids, solids, or gases dissolved in liquids; solids in solids; and gases in gases), solvent is the component of the greatest amount. The minor proportion substances are called solutes. The solvent offers several functions during a chemical reaction. It solves not only the substance that reacts with another one to produce a new set of substances (reactant) but also the compound that supplies the molecule, ion, or free radical, which is considered as the attacking species in a chemical reaction (reagent). The solvent is conductive to collisions between the reactants and reagents to transform the reactants to new products. The solvent also takes roll of temperature control, either to provide the energy of the colliding particles for speedy reaction and to absorb heat in exothermic reaction. The appropriate solvent should be selected based on the inactivity in the reaction conditions, dissolving the reagents as well as reactants, appropriate boiling point and easy removal at the end of the reaction. Polarity Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), The most common solvent is water. Other common solvents which dissolve substances that are insoluble (or nearly insoluble) in water are acetone, alcohol, formic acid, acetic acid, formamide. BTX, carbon disulfide, diemthyl sulfoxide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ether, tetrahydrofuran, furfural, hexane and turpentine. They may be classified as polar and non-polar. Polar solvents, like water, have molecules whose electric charges are unequally distributed, leaving one end of each molecule more positive than the other. Usually polar solvent has O-H bond of which water (HOH), (CH3OH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) are examples. Propanol, butanol, formic acid, formamide are polar solvents. Dipolar solvents which contain a C-O solid bond without O-H bond are acetone [(CH3)2C=O], ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3), methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide and diemthyl sulfoxide. Nonpolar solvents, like carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), benzene (C6H6), and diethyl ether ( CH3CH2OCH2CH3), have molecules whose electric charges are equally distributed and are not miscible with water. Hexane, tetrahydrofuran and methylene chloride are non-polar solvents. Polar solvents are hydrophilic but non-polar solvents are lipophilic. Polar reactants will dissolve in polar solvents. Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar compounds best. Oil and water don't mix but separate into two layers. There are three measures of the polarity as "dipole moment", "dielectric constant" and "miscibility with water". Though low dipole moments and small dielectric constants indicates non-polar solvents, sharp boundaries between polar and non-polar solvents are not available. The polarity reflects the balance between a polar component (OH) and a non-polar hydrocarbon component, existing in the same molecule. If hydrocarbon character increases relatively, the polarity decreases. On an operational basis, solvents that are miscible with water are polar. Polar Protic and Dipolar Aprotic Protic refers to a hydrogen atom attached to an electronegative atom. Protic solvents can donate an H+ (proton) since they contain dissociable H+, such as hydrogen attached to oxygen as in a hydroxyl group, nitrogen as in a amine group. Examples are water, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, hydrogen fluoride and ammonia. Aprotic solvents don't has O-H bond but a C=O bond typically. Examples are acetone [(CH3)2C=O] and ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3). Polar protic solvents are useful in SN1 reaction, while polar aprotic solvents are SN2 reaction. 2,6 Dimethyl-4-Heptanone. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Used as a solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers, solvent for high-solids coatings and stains, solvent for printing inks – roll coating inks. Possesses a mild sweet odor, high boiling point, and slow evaporation rate. Exhibits miscibility with most organic solvents, but immiscibility with water. Offers strong solvency with low density. Reduces surface tension in high solids coatings. Provides viscosity reduction for high solids coatings. About this substance Helpful information Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area in 1 000 - 10 000 tonnes per year. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites. Consumer Uses Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, adhesives and sealants, air care products, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products). Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Article service life Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, plant protection products, washing & cleaning products and coating products. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and building & construction work. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and furniture. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Formulation or re-packing Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is a slow evaporating ketonic solvent which is immiscible with water, but miscible with other organic solvents. Diisobutyl ketone is a light coloured liquid with a mild, characteristic odour. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is a colorless, stabile liquid with a sweetish-menthol smell, not soluble in water, dissolves well in most organic solvents, inflammable. Miscible with most organic solvents; immiscible with water A high-boiling point, slow-evaporating solvent Excellent viscosity reduction for high-solids coatings Reduces surface tension in high-solids coatings Strong solvency with low density Volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of coatings solvents Non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) Solvent APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is widely used in industrial chemistry and industry. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton)ensures good solubility of numerous synthetic resins, among others vinyl, acryl, alkyd, polyester and epoxy resins. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) can also be used as a solvent in nitrocellulose varnishes, coatings with a high contents of solid parts, and as a pain remover. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton)is also used as a solvent for adhesives, printing inks and in the cleaning and degreasing processes, as well as a component of dyes and insecticides. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used in mining as aids in mining minerals and in extracting gold and rear earth metals from aqueous solutions, for instance for analytic purposes. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used as a solvent and aids in the extraction and recristallization process, and as a drug component in the pharmaceutical industry. Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is also an important component in the production of diisobutylcarbinol. Solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers Solvent for synthetic resin such as vinyl, acrylic, alkyd, polyester, and epoxy Solvent for high-solids coatings and stains Solvent for paint strippers Solvent for leather finishing compounds Solvent for adhesives Solvent for printing inks - roll coating inks Solvent for cleaning and degreasing Extraction solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals Extraction solvent for mining Extraction solvent for organic pollutants Chemical intermediate for diisobutyl carbinol Solvent for synthetic resin including vinyl, acrylic, alkyd, polyester, epoxy Extraction solvent & re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals Extraction solvent for organic pollutants Chemical intermediate for diisobutyl carbinol Solvent used in lacquers, synthetic resins, stains, paint strippers, adhesives, inks, mining and organic pollutants. ADVANTAGES Miscible with most organic solvents Immiscible with water A high-boiling point, slow-evaporating solvent Excellent viscosity reduction for high-solids coatings Reduces surface tension in high-solids coatings Strong solvency with low density HEALTH SAFETY Inhaling the vapors irritates the respiratory passages. It can also cause coughing, dizziness, stupor, nausea, vomiting and headache. A higher concentration can cause the depression of the central nervous system, coma and blackout. The odor of that substance is recognizable at a concentration considerably lower than that having harmful effects and should be a sufficient warning against overdosing. It can cause the irritation of the skin manifesting itself with redness and burning. Both the liquid and its vapors cause the irritation, redness and pain of the eyes. It causes the irritation of the alimentary tract. The poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Product description DIBK (Diisobutyl Ketone, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a slow evaporating, low density solvent that has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics. It is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing. The low density and low surface tension of DIBK enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties. DIISOBUTYL KETONE (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) Trade name of the product: diisobutyl ketone(DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) Chemical name of the compound: 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (iso-C4H9)2CO; 2,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone; 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanon; 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (diisobutyl ketone); 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-one, ( Diizobütil keton) Chemical and physical properties: A colorless, stabile liquid with a sweetish-menthol smell, not soluble in water, dissolves well in most organic solvents, inflammable Application of the substance: Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is widely used in industrial chemistry and industry. It ensures good solubility of numerous synthetic resins, among others vinyl, acryl, alkyd, polyester and epoxy resins. It can also be used as a solvent in nitrocellulose varnishes, coatings with a high contents of solid parts, and as a pain remover. It is also used as a solvent for adhesives, printing inks and in the cleaning and degreasing processes, as well as a component of dyes and insecticides. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used in mining as aids in mining minerals and in extracting gold and rear earth metals from aqueous solutions, for instance for analytic purposes. It is also used as a solvent and aids in the extraction and recristallization process, and as a drug component in the pharmaceutical industry. DIBK is also an important component in the production of diisobutylcarbinol. Health safety: Inhaling the vapors irritates the respiratory passages. It can also cause coughing, dizziness, stupor, nausea, vomiting and headache. A higher concentration can cause the depression of the central nervous system, coma and blackout. The odor of that substance is recognizable at a concentration considerably lower than that having harmful effects and should be a sufficient warning against overdosing. It can cause the irritation of the skin manifesting itself with redness and burning. Both the liquid and its vapors cause the irritation, redness and pain of the eyes. It causes the irritation of the alimentary tract. The poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) CAS: 108-83-8 Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a colorless, stable liquid with a mild sweet odor. DIBK is a high boiling, slow evaporating solvent that has limited water solubility, but is miscible with alcohols and ketones. DIBK has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solids coatings. DIBK is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate. Description 2, 6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, also known as diisobutyl ketone( Diizobütil keton), belongs to the family of ketones, being a flavoring ingredient. It can also be used as the extraction solvent for the determination of ten trace metals (V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb) in aqueous samples with plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Similar logic can also be applied to the measurement of phosphorus using 2, 6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the extraction agent. It is also an important organic solvent widely used as industrial intermediates. Chemical Properties colourless liquid Physical properties Clear, colorless liquid with a mild, sweet, ether-like odor. Odor threshold concentration is 0.11 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). Occurrence Reported found in baked potato and wheaten bread. Uses Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is used as a solvent fornitrocellulose, lacquers, and synthetic resins;in organic syntheses. Uses Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a transparent liquid with a distinct odor and a high boiling point. It is an heavy-end byproduct of producing MIBK. DIBK is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, Flavors and fragrances, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate. DIBK has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics. It is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing. The low density and low surface tension of DIBK enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties. DIBK has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solid’s coatings. It has good volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of solvents used in coatings. It is a non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) solvent. Uses Diisobutyl Ketone is a component of mint oil and L-carvone solutions for fungicidal and antigerminative treatment of bulbs and tubers. Production Methods Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is produced by hydrogenation of phorone or by metal-catalyzed decomposition of isovaleric acid.It is also a by-product in the manufacture of methyl isobutyl keton
DIISOBUTYL KETONE (DIBK)
2, 6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, also known as diisobutyl ketone, belongs to the family of ketones, being a flavoring ingredient.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) can also be used as the extraction solvent for the determination of ten trace metals (V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb) in aqueous samples with plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
Similar logic can also be applied to the measurement of phosphorus using Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) as the extraction agent.

CAS: 108-83-8
MF: C9H18O
MW: 142.24
EINECS: 203-620-1

Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is also an important organic solvent widely used as industrial intermediates.
Reported found in baked potato and wheaten bread.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is a ketone.
A clear colorless liquid.
Flash point 140°F.
Less dense than water and insoluble in water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is a ketone that can be used as a substrate for the production of films.

Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is also a good candidate for use in the manufacture of water-vapor sensors because it has been shown to produce low levels of water vapor.
The reaction mechanism of Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) has been studied using mass spectroscopy and found to involve zirconium oxide and sodium carbonate.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) has been shown to be an effective reagent for the extraction of hydroxyl groups from human serum proteins.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) also reacts with picolinic acid, which is found in plant cell walls, to form metal chelates.

Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -46 °C
Boiling point: 165-170 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.808 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 4.9 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1.7 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.412(lit.)
FEMA: 3537 | 2,6-DIMETHYL-4-HEPTANONE
Fp: 120 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Miscible with ethanol, ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, benzene and most organic liquids.
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.810 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear colorless to slightly yellow
Odor: Mild; characteristic ketonic.
Odor Type: green
Explosive limit: 0.8-6.2%, 100°F
Water Solubility: 0.05 g/100 mL
JECFA Number: 302
BRN: 1743163
Henry's Law Constant: 6.36(x 10-4 atm?m3/mol) at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 150 mg/m3 (25 ppm); IDLH 1000 ppm.
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 3.71 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 108-83-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) (108-83-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) (108-83-8)

Clear, colorless liquid with a mild, sweet, ether-like odor.
Odor threshold concentration is 0.11 ppm.

Uses
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is used as a coating solvent.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is an active component of mint oil.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) acts as a dispersant for organosol type resins.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is involved in the antigerminative treatment of bulbs and tubers.
Further, Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose.
In addition to this, Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) acts as an intermediate in the preparation of inhibitors, active pharmaceutical ingredients and dyes.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is used as a solvent fornitrocellulose, lacquers, and synthetic resins;in organic syntheses.

Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is a transparent liquid with a distinct odor and a high boiling point.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is an heavy-end byproduct of producing MIBK.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, Flavors and fragrances, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics.

Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing.
The low density and low surface tension of Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solid’s coatings.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) has good volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of solvents used in coatings.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is a non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) solvent.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is a component of mint oil and L-carvone solutions for fungicidal and antigerminative treatment of bulbs and tubers.

Production Methods
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is produced by hydrogenation of phorone or by metal-catalyzed decomposition of isovaleric acid.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) is also a by-product in the manufacture of methyl isobutyl ketone.

Reactivity Profile
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) may attack some plastics.
Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) reacts with oxidizers.
Inhalation of vapor causes irritation of nose and throat.
Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach.
Vaporirritates eyes.
Contact with liquid irritates skin.
Inhalation of the vapors of diisobutyl ketonecan produce irritation of the eyes, nose, andthroat.

At 25 ppm its odor was unpleasant, but the irritation effect on humanswas insignificant.
At 50 ppm the irritationwas mild.
A 7- hour exposure to 125 ppmhad no adverse effect on rats; however, at250 ppm, female rats developed increasedliver and kidney weights.
An 8-hour exposure to 2000 ppm was lethal.
Ingestion of Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK) can cause the symptoms ofheadache, dizziness, and dermatitis.

Chemical Reactivity
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: May attack some forms of plastics; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Synonyms
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone
2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-one
DIISOBUTYL KETONE
108-83-8
Isovalerone
Diisobutylketone
Isobutyl ketone
Valerone
Diisobutilchetone
s-Diisopropylacetone
Di-isobutylcetone
DIBK
4-Heptanone, 2,6-dimethyl-
Diisobutylketon
sym-Diisopropylacetone
2,6-Dimetil-eptan-4-one
sec-Diisopropyl acetone
2,6-Dimethyl-heptan-4-on
2,6-Dimethylheptanone
Caswell No. 355B
FEMA No. 3537
cognac heptanone
Di-isobutylcetone [French]
Diisobutilchetone [Italian]
NSC 15136
2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-one
CCRIS 6233
HSDB 527
Diisobutylketon [Dutch, German]
DiisobutylKetone-13C4
Heptanone, 2,6-dimethyl-, 4-
EINECS 203-620-1
UN1157
(iso-C4H9)2CO
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone (natural)
2,6-Dimetil-eptan-4-one [Italian]
BRN 1743163
UNII-V52W30H1BU
2,6-Dimethyl-heptan-4-on [Dutch,German]
AI3-11270
V52W30H1BU
2,6-Dimethyl-heptan-4-on [Dutch, German]
DTXSID4025080
CHEBI:89195
NSC-15136
4-Heptanone,6-dimethyl-
EC 203-620-1
Diisobutyl ketone [UN1157] [Flammable liquid]
2, GERMAN)
4-01-00-03360 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID905080
Diisobutylketon(DUTCH, GERMAN)
CAS-108-83-8
WLN: 1Y1 & 1V1Y1 & 1
Diisobutylctone
Diisobutilcetona
diisopropylacetone
di-isobutyl ketone
sym-Diisopropyl acetone
DIK (CHRIS Code)
2,5-Dimethyl-4-heptanone
SCHEMBL36990
4-Heptanona, 2,6-dimetil-
SYM-DIISOPROPY LACETONE
2,6 -dimethyl-4 -heptanone
Diisobuyl Ketone Reagent Grade
CHEMBL3182186
DIISOBUTYL KETONE [HSDB]
FEMA 3537
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, 99%
NSC15136
2,6 - dimethylheptan - 4 - one
Tox21_202406
Tox21_303091
BBL012214
LS-471
MFCD00008940
NA1157
NSC406913
STL163555
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, >=99%
AKOS005207129
NSC-406913
UN 1157
HEPTAN-4-ONE, 2,6-DIMETHYL-
NCGC00249221-01
NCGC00256951-01
NCGC00259955-01
VS-03235
2,6-DIMETHYL-4-HEPTANONE [FHFI]
2,6-Dimetyl-4-heptanon (Diisobutylketon)
Diisobutylketon (2,6-Dimetyl-4-heptanon)
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, technical grade
D0733
FT-0610689
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone (diisobutyl ketone)
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone(Diisobutyl Ketone)
EN300-19773
2,6-Dimethyl-4- heptanone; see Diisobutyl ketone
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, technical grade, 80%
A801931
Diisobutyl ketone [UN1157] [Flammable liquid]
4-HEPTANONE,2,6-DIMETHYL DIISOBUTYL,KETONE
Q2416556
W-108711
4-HEPTANONE,2,6-DIMETHYL DIISOBUTYL,KETONE
InChI=1/C9H18O/c1-7(2)5-9(10)6-8(3)4/h7-8H,5-6H2,1-4H
2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-one (sum of 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone & 4,6-Dimethyl-2-heptanone)
DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE (DIBP)
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a phthalate ester having the structural formula C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is formed by the esterification of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) and other phthalates are used as plasticizers due to their flexibility and durability.

CAS: 84-69-5
MF: C16H22O4
MW: 278.34
EINECS: 201-553-2

Synonyms
Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove;Hexaplas M/1B;Isobutyl phthalate;Kodaflex DIBP;Palatinol 1C;Palatinol IC;Uniplex 155;DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE FOR SYNTHESIS;Diisobutyl phthalate: Diisobutyl-phthalate; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester; Phthalic acid diisobutyl ester;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester; Phthalic acid diisobutyl ester;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester; Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP); DiBP; di-isobutyl phthalate;Diisobutyl phthalate;1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2- methylpropyl) ester;Diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP;Diisobutylphthalat;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester;Di-isobutyl phthalate - (1,2-Benzene- dicarboxylic acid, 1,2- bis-(2methylpropyl) ester);Di-isobutylphthalate;Diisobutylphthatlate (DiBP) (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester );Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)#;Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP);Di-isobutyl phthalate - (1,2-Benzene- dicarboxylic acid, 1,2- bis-(2methylpropyl) ester);диизобутилфталат;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisobutyl ester;Phtalate de diisobutyle;Diisobutylphthalate;Bis(2-methylpropyl)benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis-(2-methylpropyl) ester (DIBP);PHTHALSAEURE-DIISOBUTYLESTER
;DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE;84-69-5;DIBP;Palatinol IC;Isobutyl phthalate;Phthalic Acid Diisobutyl Ester;Hexaplas M/1B;Kodaflex DIBP;Di-iso-butyl phthalate;Phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester
;Di(i-butyl)phthalate;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester;Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove;NSC 15316;bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalate;isobutyl-o-phthalate
;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester;DTXSID9022522;di-2-methylpropyl phthalate;di-l-butyl phthalate (DIBP);IZ67FTN290;CHEBI:79053;NSC-15316;Hatcol DIBP;DTXCID602522;1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester;1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di(2-methylpropyl) ester;Phthalic acid, bis-isobutyl ester;CAS-84-69-5;SMR000112470;di-isobutyl phthalate;CCRIS 6193;HSDB 5247;AI3-04278 (USDA);EINECS 201-553-2;BRN 2054802;UNII-IZ67FTN290;Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech];AI3-04278;Isobutyl phthalate (VAN);bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate;EC 201-553-2
;Diisobutyl phthalate, 99%;SCHEMBL42787;4-09-00-03177 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);MLS000516002;MLS002152902;BIDD:ER0640;1, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester;CHEMBL1370662;HMS2269D07;NSC15316;Tox21_202429;Tox21_300612;MFCD00026480
;AKOS015837516;Diisobutyl phthalate (ACD/Name 4.0);WLN: 1Y1&1OVR BVO1Y1&1;NCGC00091360-01;NCGC00091360-02;NCGC00091360-03;NCGC00091360-04;NCGC00254487-01;NCGC00259978-01
;NS00010605;P0298;Q162259;1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate;J-503794;1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid di(2-methylpropyl) ester;Phthalic acid, bis-isobutyl ester 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane;Diisobutyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)

They are found in many industrial and personal products, such as lacquers, nail polish and cosmetics.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be absorbed via oral ingestion and dermal exposure.
When Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) comes to excretion, DIBP is first converted into the hydrolytic monoester monoisobutyl phthalate (MIBP).
The primary excretory route is urine, with biliary excretion being noted in minor amounts. DIBP has lower density and freezing point than the related compound Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP).
A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.

Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a Dialkyl phthalate ester phthalate plasticizer which can be used as a substitute of dibutyl phthalate.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) as well as other phthalates have genotoxic effects and studies shown an increase in its monoester metabolite in human urine over the years.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a diisobutyl phthalate.
Acts as a plasticizer.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be used as a replacement for dibutyl phthalate due to lower production costs.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is compatible with PVC.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is used in adhesives.

History
In 1836 French chemist Auguste Laurent oxidized naphthalene with chromic acid and created phthalic anhydride, of which phthalates are derived.
Phthalates, including Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP), were first introduced in the 1920s to make plastics more flexible, transparent and long-lived.
They increased their popularity in 1931 when polyvinylchloride (PVC) became commercially available.
Due to the increase in human exposure to phthalates, in 1999 the European Union restricted the use of some of them in children’s toys.

Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -64 °C
Boiling point: 327 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.039 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 11.2-1470Pa at 100℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.49(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Color: Colorless to Light yellow
Water Solubility: Insoluble
FreezingPoint: -50℃
BRN: 2054802
InChIKey: MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4.11-4.45 at 20-30℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 84-69-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP)(84-69-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) (84-69-5)

Uses
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is a Dialkyl phthalate ester phthalate plasticizer which can be used as a substitute of dibutyl phthalate.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) as well as other phthalates have genotoxic effects and studies shown an increase in its monoester metabolite in human urine over the years.

Industry use
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is used as a plasticizer additive in a range of plastic and rubber materials.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) has low volatility, which makes it ideal for use in products that require long-lasting flexibility, e.g. automotive parts, wire and cable insulation, and flooring.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is dense and water-insoluble.

Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) has been found to be relatively non-toxic, but high levels of exposure to the compound may cause irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
However, in recent years, concerns have been raised about the potential health risks of exposure to phthalates, including DIBP.
Therefore, several countries have restricted or even banned the use of certain phthalates in products.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) has been detected in various environmental matrices, such as air, water, and sediment.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is known to bioaccumulate in certain aquatic species.

Synthesis
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is synthesized by a double nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction between phthalic anhydride and isobutanol, using various acids as a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, sulfonated graphene, or iron(III) chloride.
Water is a byproduct.
Using sulfuric acid, the yield is 61% yield.

Optimization
Sulfonated graphene is a heterogeneous catalyst that has several advantages over traditional liquid acids like sulfuric acid.
Sulfonated graphene can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and can be reused multiple times without reduction in activity.
Furthermore, sulfonated graphene is environmentally friendly, as Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) does not produce hazardous waste materials that are typically generated during the use of traditional liquid acid catalysts.
This method has a 95% yield.
Lewis acids, such as FeCl3, can also be used as the catalyst.
The Lewis acid catalysis process can be run at lower temperatures (50-100 °C), and gives a yield of 86%.

Environmental reactions
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can undergo various reactions that may impact the environment.
Examples include:
Hydrolysis: Hydrolyzation of Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be done by enzymes, bacteria, and other microorganisms in the environment to form phthalic acid and isobutyl alcohol.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can lead to the breakdown and the eventual degradation of DIBP in the soil and water supply.
Photodegradation: Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can undergo photodegradation by exposure to the sunlight.
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can lead to the formation of several degradation products, including phthalic acid, isobutyraldehyde, and other aldehydes.

Biodegradation: Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be degraded by microorganisms in soil and in the water.
This can transform it into other compounds such as phthalic acid and various isobutyl alcohol derivatives.
Sorption: Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can adsorb or sorb onto soil and sediment particles, which can limit its mobility and availability for biological or chemical degradations and reactions.
Oxidation: Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) can be oxidized in the presence of ozone or other reactive oxygen species.
The formation of various oxidation products, including aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids can be expected.
These reactions can impact the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in the environment and may have implications for human and ecosystem health.

Production Methods
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is manufactured by esterifying phthalic anhydride and isobutanol in the presence of sulfuric acid.

Reactivity Profile
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) reacts with acids to liberate heat along with isobutyl alcohol and phthalic acid.
May react sufficiently exothermically with strong oxidizing acids to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by interaction with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.
Can generate electrostatic charges in handling.