Citric Acid Anhydrous General description of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous is an organic acid. Its molar enthalpy of solution in water has been reported to be ΔsolHm (298.15K, m = 0.0203molkg-1) = (29061±123)Jmol-1. It can be produced by crystallization from mother liquor of citric acid solution at 20-25°C during citric acid synthesis. An investigation of its crystal growth kinetics indicates that growth is linearly dependent on size. Application of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous was used in the preparation of citric acid solution employed in the acetone method of 68Ga pre-purification and radiolabeling technique. Citric acid anhydrous may be used: • As release-modifying agent to improve the release of diltiazem hydrochloride from melt extruded Eudragit RS PO tablets. • To prepare citrate buffer for use in the preparation of platelets for intravital microscopy. • To prepare Tris-citrate buffer employed for the electrophoresis of bacterial enzymes. Citric acid anhydrous is a weak organic acid that has the molecular formula C6H8O7. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the Citric acid anhydrous cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms. More than two million tons of Citric acid anhydrous are manufactured every year. It is used widely as an acidifier, as a flavoring and a chelating agent. A citrate is a derivative of Citric acid anhydrous; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solution. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When part of a salt, the formula of the citrate anion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3. Natural occurrence and industrial production of Citric acid anhydrous Lemons, oranges, limes, and other citrus fruits possess high concentrations of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/l in the juices). The concentrations of Citric acid anhydrous in citrus fruits range from 0.005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes; these values vary within species depending upon the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown. Citric acid anhydrous was first isolated in 1784 by the chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who crystallized it from lemon juice. Industrial-scale Citric acid anhydrous production first began in 1890 based on the Italian citrus fruit industry, where the juice was treated with hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) to precipitate calcium citrate, which was isolated and converted back to the acid using diluted sulfuric acid. In 1893, C. Wehmer discovered Penicillium mold could produce Citric acid anhydrous from sugar. However, microbial production of Citric acid anhydrous did not become industrially important until World War I disrupted Italian citrus exports. In 1917, American food chemist James Currie discovered certain strains of the mold Aspergillus niger could be efficient Citric acid anhydrous producers, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer began industrial-level production using this technique two years later, followed by Citrique Belge in 1929. In this production technique, which is still the major industrial route to Citric acid anhydrous used today, cultures of A. niger are fed on a sucrose or glucose-containing medium to produce Citric acid anhydrous. The source of sugar is corn steep liquor, molasses, hydrolyzed corn starch, or other inexpensive, sugary solution. After the mold is filtered out of the resulting solution, Citric acid anhydrous is isolated by precipitating it with calcium hydroxide to yield calcium citrate salt, from which Citric acid anhydrous is regenerated by treatment with sulfuric acid, as in the direct extraction from citrus fruit juice. In 1977, a patent was granted to Lever Brothers for the chemical synthesis of Citric acid anhydrous starting either from aconitic or isocitrate/alloisocitrate calcium salts under high pressure conditions; this produced Citric acid anhydrous in near quantitative conversion under what appeared to be a reverse, non-enzymatic Krebs cycle reaction. Global production was in excess of 2,000,000 tons in 2018. More than 50% of this volume was produced in China. More than 50% was used as an acidity regulator in beverages, some 20% in other food applications, 20% for detergent applications, and 10% for applications other than food, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and in the chemical industry. Chemical characteristics of Citric acid anhydrous Speciation diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous can be obtained as an anhydrous (water-free) form or as a monohydrate. The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when Citric acid anhydrous is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C. Citric acid anhydrous also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of Citric acid anhydrous per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C. It decomposes with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C. Citric acid anhydrous is a tribasic acid, with pKa values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 2.92, 4.28, and 5.21 at 25 °C. The pKa of the hydroxyl group has been found, by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, to be 14.4. The speciation diagram shows that solutions of Citric acid anhydrous are buffer solutions between about pH 2 and pH 8. In biological systems around pH 7, the two species present are the citrate ion and mono-hydrogen citrate ion. The SSC 20X hybridization buffer is an example in common use. Tables compiled for biochemical studies are available. On the other hand, the pH of a 1 mM solution of Citric acid anhydrous will be about 3.2. The pH of fruit juices from citrus fruits like oranges and lemons depends on the Citric acid anhydrous concentration, being lower for higher acid concentration and conversely. Acid salts of Citric acid anhydrous can be prepared by careful adjustment of the pH before crystallizing the compound. See, for example, sodium citrate. The citrate ion forms complexes with metallic cations. The stability constants for the formation of these complexes are quite large because of the chelate effect. Consequently, it forms complexes even with alkali metal cations. However, when a chelate complex is formed using all three carboxylate groups, the chelate rings have 7 and 8 members, which are generally less stable thermodynamically than smaller chelate rings. In consequence, the hydroxyl group can be deprotonated, forming part of a more stable 5-membered ring, as in ammonium ferric citrate, (NH4)5Fe(C6H4O7)2·2H2O. Citric acid anhydrous can be esterified at one or more of its three carboxylic acid groups to form any of a variety of mono-, di-, tri-, and mixed esters. Biochemistry of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous cycle Citrate is an intermediate in the TCA cycle (aka TriCarboxylic Acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, Szent-Györgyi), a central metabolic pathway for animals, plants, and bacteria. Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate for aconitase and is converted into aconitic acid. The cycle ends with regeneration of oxaloacetate. This series of chemical reactions is the source of two-thirds of the food-derived energy in higher organisms. Hans Adolf Krebs received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery. Some bacteria (notably E. coli) can produce and consume citrate internally as part of their TCA cycle, but are unable to use it as food because they lack the enzymes required to import it into the cell. After tens of thousand of evolutions in a minimal glucose medium that also contained citrate during Richard Lenski's Long-Term Evolution Experiment, a variant E. coli evolved with the ability to grow aerobically on citrate. Zachary Blount, a student of Lenski's, and colleagues studied these "Cit+" E. coli as a model for how novel traits evolve. They found evidence that, in this case, the innovation was caused by a rare duplication mutation due to the accumulation of several prior "potentiating" mutations, the identity and effects of which are still under study. The evolution of the Cit+ trait has been considered a notable example of the role of historical contingency in evolution. Other biological roles of Citric acid anhydrous Citrate can be transported out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm, then broken down into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, and into oxaloacetate. Citrate is a positive modulator of this conversion, and allosterically regulates the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is the regulating enzyme in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA (the commitment step in fatty acid synthesis). In short, citrate is transported into the cytoplasm, converted into acetyl CoA, which is then converted into malonyl CoA by acetyl CoA carboxylase, which is allosterically modulated by citrate. High concentrations of cytosolic citrate can inhibit phosphofructokinase, the catalyst of a rate-limiting step of glycolysis. This effect is advantageous: high concentrations of citrate indicate that there is a large supply of biosynthetic precursor molecules, so there is no need for phosphofructokinase to continue to send molecules of its substrate, fructose 6-phosphate, into glycolysis. Citrate acts by augmenting the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of ATP, another sign that there is no need to carry out glycolysis. Citrate is a vital component of bone, helping to regulate the size of apatite crystals. Applications of Citric acid anhydrous Food and drink Powdered Citric acid anhydrous being used to prepare lemon pepper seasoning Because it is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant use of Citric acid anhydrous is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks and candies. Within the European Union it is denoted by E number E330. Citrate salts of various metals are used to deliver those minerals in a biologically available form in many dietary supplements. Citric acid anhydrous has 247 kcal per 100 g. In the United States the purity requirements for Citric acid anhydrous as a food additive are defined by the Food Chemicals Codex, which is published by the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Citric acid anhydrous can be added to ice cream as an emulsifying agent to keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization, or in recipes in place of fresh lemon juice. Citric acid anhydrous is used with sodium bicarbonate in a wide range of effervescent formulae, both for ingestion (e.g., powders and tablets) and for personal care (e.g., bath salts, bath bombs, and cleaning of grease). Citric acid anhydrous sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as "sour salt", due to its physical resemblance to table salt. It has use in culinary applications, as an alternative to vinegar or lemon juice, where a pure acid is needed. Citric acid anhydrous can be used in food coloring to balance the pH level of a normally basic dye. Cleaning and chelating agent of Citric acid anhydrous Structure of an iron(III) citrate complex. Citric acid anhydrous is an excellent chelating agent, binding metals by making them soluble. It is used to remove and discourage the buildup of limescale from boilers and evaporators. It can be used to treat water, which makes it useful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. By chelating the metals in hard water, it lets these cleaners produce foam and work better without need for water softening. Citric acid anhydrous is the active ingredient in some bathroom and kitchen cleaning solutions. A solution with a six percent concentration of Citric acid anhydrous will remove hard water stains from glass without scrubbing. Citric acid anhydrous can be used in shampoo to wash out wax and coloring from the hair. Illustrative of its chelating abilities, Citric acid anhydrous was the first successful eluant used for total ion-exchange separation of the lanthanides, during the Manhattan Project in the 1940s. In the 1950s, it was replaced by the far more efficient EDTA. In industry, it is used to dissolve rust from steel and passivate stainless steels. Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and foods Citric acid anhydrous is used as an acidulant in creams, gels, and liquids. Used in foods and dietary supplements, it may be classified as a processing aid if it was added for a technical or functional effect (e.g. acidulent, chelator, viscosifier, etc.). If it is still present in insignificant amounts, and the technical or functional effect is no longer present, it may be exempt from labeling <21 CFR §101.100(c)>. Citric acid anhydrous is an alpha hydroxy acid and is an active ingredient in chemical skin peels. Citric acid anhydrous is commonly used as a buffer to increase the solubility of brown heroin. Citric acid anhydrous is used as one of the active ingredients in the production of facial tissues with antiviral properties. Other uses of Citric acid anhydrous The buffering properties of citrates are used to control pH in household cleaners and pharmaceuticals. Citric acid anhydrous is used as an odorless alternative to white vinegar for home dyeing with acid dyes. Sodium citrate is a component of Benedict's reagent, used for identification both qualitatively and quantitatively of reducing sugars. Citric acid anhydrous can be used as an alternative to nitric acid in passivation of stainless steel. Citric acid anhydrous can be used as a lower-odor stop bath as part of the process for developing photographic film. Photographic developers are alkaline, so a mild acid is used to neutralize and stop their action quickly, but commonly used acetic acid leaves a strong vinegar odor in the darkroom. Citric acid anhydrous/potassium-sodium citrate can be used as a blood acid regulator. Soldering flux. Citric acid anhydrous is an excellent soldering flux, either dry or as a concentrated solution in water. It should be removed after soldering, especially with fine wires, as it is mildly corrosive. It dissolves and rinses quickly in hot water. Synthesis of solid materials from small molecules In materials science, the Citrate-gel method is a process similar to the sol-gel method, which is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. During the synthetic process, metal salts or alkoxides are introduced into a Citric acid anhydrous solution. The formation of citric complexes is believed to balance the difference in individual behavior of ions in solution, which results in a better distribution of ions and prevents the separation of components at later process stages. The polycondensation of ethylene glycol and Citric acid anhydrous starts above 100°С, resulting in polymer citrate gel formation. Safety of Citric acid anhydrous Although a weak acid, exposure to pure Citric acid anhydrous can cause adverse effects. Inhalation may cause cough, shortness of breath, or sore throat. Over-ingestion may cause abdominal pain and sore throat. Exposure of concentrated solutions to skin and eyes can cause redness and pain. Long-term or repeated consumption may cause erosion of tooth enamel. Citric acid anhydrous is an acidic compound from citrus fruits; as a starting point in the Krebs cycle, citrate is a key intermediate in metabolism. Citric acid is one of a series of compounds responsible for the physiological oxidation of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins to carbon dioxide and water. It has been used to prepare citrate buffer for antigen retrieval of tissue samples. The citrate solution is designed to break protein cross-links, thus unmasking antigens and epitopes in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue sections, and resulting in enhanced staining intensity of antibodies. Citrate has anticoagulant activity; as a calcium chelator, it forms complexes that disrupt the tendency of blood to clot. May be used to adjust pH and as a sequestering agent for the removal of trace metals. Additional forms available: Citric Acid, Anhydrous (sc-211113) Sodium Citrate, Dihydrate (sc-203383) Citric Acid Trisodium Salt (sc-214745) Sodium citrate monobasic (sc-215869) Sodium citrate tribasic hydrate (sc-236898) Citrate Concentrated Solution (sc-294091) This monograph for Citric Acid, Anhydrous, and Citric Acid, Monohydrate provides, in addition to common physical constants, a general description including typical appearance, applications, change in state (approximate), and aqueous solubility. The monograph also details the following specifications, corresponding tests for verifying that a substance meets ACS Reagent Grade specifications including: Assay, Insoluble Matter, Residue after Ignition, Chloride, Oxalate, Phosphate, Sulfur Compounds (as SO, Iron, Lead, and Substances Carbonizable by Hot Sulfuric Acid (Tartrates, etc.). Citric acid is a naturally occurring fruit acid, produced commercially by microbial fermentation of a carbohydrate substrate. Citric acid is the most widely used organic acid and pH-control agent in foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals and technical applications. Citric acid anhydrous occurs as colourless crystals or as white, crystalline powder with a strongly acidic taste. It is efflorescent in dry air, very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol (96 %) and sparingly soluble in ether. Citric acid anhydrous is non-toxic and has a low reactivity. It is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures. Citric acid anhydrous is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage. Citric acid anhydrous is found naturally in citrus fruits, especially lemons and limes. It’s what gives them their tart, sour taste. A manufactured form of Citric acid anhydrous is commonly used as an additive in food, cleaning agents, and nutritional supplements. However, this manufactured form differs from what’s found naturally in citrus fruits. For this reason, you may wonder whether it’s good or bad for you. This article explains the differences between natural and manufactured Citric acid anhydrous, and explores its benefits, uses, and safety. What Is Citric acid anhydrous? Citric acid anhydrous was first derived from lemon juice by a Swedish researcher in 1784. The odorless and colorless compound was produced from lemon juice until the early 1900s when researchers discovered that it could also be made from the black mold, Aspergillus niger, which creates Citric acid anhydrous when it feeds on sugar. Because of its acidic, sour-tasting nature, Citric acid anhydrous is predominantly used as a flavoring and preserving agent — especially in soft drinks and candies. It’s also used to stabilize or preserve medicines and as a disinfectant against viruses and bacteria. Citric acid anhydrous is a compound originally derived from lemon juice. It’s produced today from a specific type of mold and used in a variety of applications. Natural Food Sources Citrus fruits and their juices are the best natural sources of Citric acid anhydrous. In fact, the word citric originates from the Latin word citrus. Examples of citrus fruits include: lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, tangerines, pomelos Other fruits also contain Citric acid anhydrous but in lesser amounts. These include: pineapple, strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, cherries, tomatoes Beverages or food products that contain these fruits — such as ketchup in the case of tomatoes — also contain Citric acid anhydrous. While not naturally occurring, Citric acid anhydrous is also a byproduct of cheese, wine, and sourdough bread production. The Citric acid anhydrous listed in the ingredients of foods and supplements is manufactured — not what’s naturally found in citrus fruits. This is because producing this additive from citrus fruits is too expensive and the demand far exceeds the supply. Lemons, limes, and other citrus fruits are the predominant natural sources of Citric acid anhydrous. Other fruits that contain much less include certain berries, cherries, and tomatoes. Artificial Sources and Uses of Citric acid anhydrous The characteristics of Citric acid anhydrous make it an important additive for a variety of industries. Food and beverages use an estimated 70% of manufactured Citric acid anhydrous, pharmaceutical and dietary supplements use 20%, and the remaining 10% goes into cleaning agents. Food Industry of Citric acid anhydrous Manufactured Citric acid anhydrous is one of the most common food additives in the world. It’s used to boost acidity, enhance flavor, and preserve ingredients. Sodas, juices, powdered beverages, candies, frozen foods, and some dairy products often contain manufactured Citric acid anhydrous. It’s also added to canned fruits and vegetables to protect against botulism, a rare but serious illness caused by the toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum bacteria. Medicines and Dietary Supplements Citric acid anhydrous is an industrial staple in medicines and dietary supplements. It’s added to medicines to help stabilize and preserve the active ingredients and used to enhance or mask the taste of chewable and syrup-based medications. Mineral supplements, such as magnesium and calcium, may contain Citric acid anhydrous — in the form of citrate — as well to enhance absorption. Disinfecting and Cleaning Citric acid anhydrous is a useful disinfectant against a variety of bacteria and viruses. A test-tube study showed that it may be effective in treating or preventing human norovirus, a leading cause of foodborne illness. Citric acid anhydrous is commercially sold as a general disinfectant and cleaning agent for removing soap scum, hard water stains, lime, and rust. It’s viewed as a safer alternative to conventional disinfectant and cleaning products, such as quat and chlorine bleach. Citric acid anhydrous is a versatile additive for food, beverages, medicines, and dietary supplements, as well as cleaning and disinfecting products. Health Benefits and Body Uses of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous has many impressive health benefits and functions. Metabolizes Energy Citrate — a closely related molecule of Citric acid anhydrous — is the first molecule that forms during a process called the Citric acid anhydrous cycle. Also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle, these chemical reactions in your body help transform food into usable energy. Humans and other organisms derive the majority of their energy from this cycle. Enhances Nutrient Absorption Supplemental minerals are available in a variety of forms. But not all forms are created equal, as your body uses some more effectively. Citric acid anhydrous enhances the bioavailability of minerals, allowing your body to better absorb them. For example, calcium citrate doesn’t require stomach acid for absorption. It also has fewer side effects — such as gas, bloating, or constipation — than another form called calcium carbonate. Thus, calcium citrate is a better option for people with less stomach acid, like older adults. Similarly, magnesium in the citrate form is absorbed more completely and is more bioavailable than magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate. Citric acid anhydrous also enhances the absorption of zinc supplements. May Protect Against Kidney Stones Citric acid anhydrous — in the form of potassium citrate — prevents new kidney stone formation and breaks apart those already formed. Citric acid anhydrous protects against kidney stones by making your urine less favorable for the formation of stones. Kidney stones are often treated with Citric acid anhydrous as potassium citrate. However, consuming foods high in this natural acid — like citrus fruits — can offer similar stone-preventing benefits. Safety and Risks Manufactured Citric acid anhydrous is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . No scientific studies exist investigating the safety of manufactured Citric acid anhydrous when consumed in large amounts for long periods. Still, there have been reports of sickness and allergic reactions to the additive. One report found joint pain with swelling and stiffness, muscular and stomach pain, as well as shortness of breath in four people after they consumed foods containing manufactured Citric acid anhydrous. These same symptoms were not observed in people consuming natural forms of the acid, such as lemons and limes. Researchers acknowledged that they couldn’t prove the manufactured Citric acid anhydrous was responsible for those symptoms but recommended that its use in foods and beverages be further studied. In either case, the scientists suggested that the symptoms were most likely related to the mold used to produce the Citric acid anhydrous rather than the compound itself. The Bottom Line Citric acid anhydrous is naturally found in citrus fruits, but synthetic versions — produced from a type of mold — are commonly added to foods, medicines, supplements, and cleaning agents. While mold residues from the manufacturing process may trigger allergies in rare cases, Citric acid anhydrous is generally deemed safe. Anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid anhydrous is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood. Citric acid anhydrous and its salts are naturally occurring constituents and common metabolites in plants and animal tissues. Citric acid anhydrous is an intermediary compound in the Krebs cycle linking oxidative metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat. The concentration of naturally occurring citrate is relatively higher in fruits, particularly citrus fruits and juices than vegetables and animal tissues. In human (as well as in animal and plant) physiology, Citric acid anhydrous is a very common intermediate in one of the central biochemical cycles, the Krebs or tricarboxylic acid cycle, which takes place in every cell. It completes the breakdown of pyruvate formed from glucose through glycolysis, thereby liberating carbon dioxide and a further four hydrogen atoms which are picked up by electron transport molecules. Thus, in man approximately 2 kg of Citric acid anhydrous are formed and metabolised every day. This physiological pathway is very well developed and capable of processing very high amounts of Citric acid anhydrous as long as it occurs in low concentrations. The NK, and to a lesser extent the NK, receptors have been shown to be involved with Citric acid anhydrous-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig, which is in part mediated by endogenously released bradykinin. Tachykinins and bradykinin could also modulate Citric acid anhydrous-induced bronchoconstriction. ... Bronchoconstriction induced by Citric acid anhydrous inhalation in the guinea pig, mainly caused by the tachykinin NK receptor, is counteracted by bronchoprotective NO after activation of bradykinin B and tachykinin NK receptors in airway epithelium. A concentration of 47.6 mmol/L of Citric acid anhydrous (pH 2.3) in water led to total cell death within three minutes of incubation /with gingival fibroblasts (GF)/. Media containing 23.8 mmol/L and 47.6 mmol/L of Citric acid anhydrous exerted strong cytotoxicity (47 to 90 per cent of cell death) and inhibited protein synthesis (IC50 = 0.28 per cent) of GF within three hours of incubation. Incubation of cells in a medium containing 11.9 mmol/L of Citric acid anhydrous also suppressed the attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on culture plates and Type I collagen, with 58 per cent and 22 per cent of inhibition, respectively. Culture medium supplemented with 11.9, 23.8 and 47.6 mmol/L of Citric acid anhydrous also led to extracellular acidosis by decreasing the pH value from 7.5 to 6.3, 5.2 and 3.8, respectively. Malic acid and deferoxamine mesylate were the most effective in increasing the urinary excretion of aluminum. Citric acid anhydrous was the most effective in increasing the fecal excretion of aluminum. Malonic, oxalic and succinic acids had no overall beneficial effects. Citric acid anhydrous would appear to be the most effective agent of those tested in the prevention of acute aluminium intoxication. The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, produced Citric acid anhydrouss in liquid cultures containing grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) cuticle as the sole nutrient source. Citric acid anhydrouss solubilized cuticular proteins as well as commercial preparations of elastin and collagen. Melanoplus sanguinipes treated with Beauveria bassiana showed a LT50 of 7.33 days, while Melanoplus sanguinipes treated with Citric acid anhydrous showed a LT50 of 7.25 and 13.28 days, respectively. Melanoplus sanguinipes treated with Citric acid anhydrous followed by a Beauveria bassiana conidia treatment showed a LT50 of 3.88 days. Analysis of the bioassay data revealed that the relationship between Citric acid anhydrous together with Beauveria bassiana conidia in grasshopper mortality was markedly synergistic. It is suggested that acid metabolites produced by Beauveria bassiana may play a role in cuticle solubilization and subsequent hyphal penetration. Citric acid anhydrous's production and use as an acidulant in beverages, confectionery, effervescent salts, in pharmaceutical syrups, elixirs; in processing cheese, in chemical manufacture, a foam inhibitor, a sequestering agent, a mordant, in electroplating, in special inks, an anticoagulant, and in water-conditioning agent and detergent builder may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Citric acid anhydrous is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.66X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Citric acid anhydrous will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase Citric acid anhydrous will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Citric acid anhydrous absorbs light at wavelengths up to 260 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm. If released to soil, Citric acid anhydrous is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. The pKa of Citric acid anhydrous is 2.79, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Citric acid anhydrous is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Citric acid anhydrous reached 53% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sludge inoculum, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, Citric acid anhydrous is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Theoretical biodegradation values of 66.4% and 67.3% after 5 days using freshwater and seawater inoculums, respectively, indicate that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water. The pKa indicates Citric acid anhydrous will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to Citric acid anhydrous may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Citric acid anhydrous is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Citric acid anhydrous via

2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; Citric acid, AR,≥99.5%(T); Citric acid anhydrou; Citric Acid Anhydrous,citric acid anhydrous bp,citric acid anhydrous; anhydrouscitricacid;beta-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; beta-hydroxytricarballylicacid; beta-hydroxy-tricarboxylicacid; AMMONIACAL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE BUFFER CAS NO:77-92-9

Citric acid Introduction Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative Functions and Applications Test Items Specification Results Characters Colourless Translucent Crystals Or As White, Fine, Crystalline Powder Colourless Translucent Crystals Or As White, Fine, Crystalline Powder Identification Pass Test Pass Test Clarity And Colour OfSolution Pass Test Pass Test Content 99.5-100.5% 100.00% Moisture 7.5-8.8% 8.70% Oxalic Acid ≤100mg/Kg <100mg/Kg Sulphate ≤150ppm <150ppm Readily Carbonisable Substances Abs ≤0.52 <0.52 Tra ≥30% >30% Residue On Ignition (Sulphated Ash) ≤0.05% 0.01% Heavy Metals ≤10ppm <5ppm Arsenic ≤1mg/Kg <0.1mg/Kg Lead ≤0.5mg/Kg <0.1mg/Kg Mercury ≤1mg/Kg <0.1mg/Kg Aluminium ≤0.2ppm <0.2ppm Bacterial Endotoxins ≤0.5Iu/Mg <0.5Iu/Mg Isociric Acid (Relative Substances) Pass Test Pass Test Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pass Test Pass Test Trilaurylamine ≤0.1mg/Kg <0.1mg/Kg Sterility Pass Test Pass Test Barium Pass Test Pass Test Calcium ≤200ppm <200ppm Iron ≤50ppm <50ppm Chloride ≤50ppm <50ppm Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood. Citric acid monohydrate is an organic molecular entity. ChEBI Description Catalogue Number 100244 Replaces CX1725-1; CX1725-3; CX1725 Synonyms 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, Hydroxytricarballylic acid Product Information CAS number 5949-29-1 EC number 201-069-1 Grade ACS,ISO,Reag. Ph Eur Hill Formula C₆H₈O₇ * H₂O Molar Mass 210.14 g/mol HS Code 2918 14 00 Structure formula Image Structure formula Image Quality Level MQ300 Physicochemical Information Density 1.54 g/cm3 (20 °C) Flash point 173.9 °C Not applicable Melting Point 135 - 152 °C pH value 1.85 (50 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C) Vapor pressure <1 Pa (25 °C) Bulk density 800 - 1000 kg/m3 Solubility 880 g/l Citric acid is a weak organic acid that has the molecular formula C6H8O7. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms. More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as an acidifier, as a flavoring and a chelating agent.[9] A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solution. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. Natural occurrence and industrial production Lemons, oranges, limes, and other citrus fruits possess high concentrations of citric acid Citric acid exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/l in the juices[10]).[a] The concentrations of citric acid in citrus fruits range from 0.005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes; these values vary within species depending upon the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown. Industrial-scale citric acid production first began in 1890 based on the Italian citrus fruit industry, where the juice was treated with hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) to precipitate calcium citrate, which was isolated and converted back to the acid using diluted sulfuric acid.[11] In 1893, C. Wehmer discovered Penicillium mold could produce citric acid from sugar. However, microbial production of citric acid did not become industrially important until World War I disrupted Italian citrus exports. In 1917, American food chemist James Currie discovered certain strains of the mold Aspergillus niger could be efficient citric acid producers, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer began industrial-level production using this technique two years later, followed by Citrique Belge in 1929. In this production technique, which is still the major industrial route to citric acid used today, cultures of A. niger are fed on a sucrose or glucose-containing medium to produce citric acid. The source of sugar is corn steep liquor, molasses, hydrolyzed corn starch, or other inexpensive, sugary solution.[12] After the mold is filtered out of the resulting solution, citric acid is isolated by precipitating it with calcium hydroxide to yield calcium citrate salt, from which citric acid is regenerated by treatment with sulfuric acid, as in the direct extraction from citrus fruit juice. In 1977, a patent was granted to Lever Brothers for the chemical synthesis of citric acid starting either from aconitic or isocitrate/alloisocitrate calcium salts under high pressure conditions; this produced citric acid in near quantitative conversion under what appeared to be a reverse, non-enzymatic Krebs cycle reaction.[13] Global production was in excess of 2,000,000 tons in 2018.[14] More than 50% of this volume was produced in China. More than 50% was used as an acidity regulator in beverages, some 20% in other food applications, 20% for detergent applications, and 10% for applications other than food, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and in the chemical industry.[citation needed] Chemical characteristics Citric acid crystals (crystallized from an aqueous solution) under a microscope. Speciation diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of citric acid Citric acid was first isolated in 1784 by the chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who crystallized it from lemon juice.[15][11][16] It can exist either in an anhydrous (water-free) form or as a monohydrate. The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when citric acid is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C. Citric acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C. It decomposes with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C. Citric acid is normally considered to be a tribasic acid, with pKa values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 2.92, 4.28, and 5.21 at 25 °C.[17] The pKa of the hydroxyl group has been found, by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, to be 14.4.[18] The speciation diagram shows that solutions of citric acid are buffer solutions between about pH 2 and pH 8. In biological systems around pH 7, the two species present are the citrate ion and mono-hydrogen citrate ion. The SSC 20X hybridization buffer is an example in common use.[19] Tables compiled for biochemical studies[20] are available. On the other hand, the pH of a 1 mM solution of citric acid will be about 3.2. The pH of fruit juices from citrus fruits like oranges and lemons depends on the citric acid concentration, being lower for higher acid concentration and conversely. Acid salts of citric acid can be prepared by careful adjustment of the pH before crystallizing the compound. See, for example, sodium citrate. The citrate ion forms complexes with metallic cations. The stability constants for the formation of these complexes are quite large because of the chelate effect. Consequently, it forms complexes even with alkali metal cations. However, when a chelate complex is formed using all three carboxylate groups, the chelate rings have 7 and 8 members, which are generally less stable thermodynamically than smaller chelate rings. In consequence, the hydroxyl group can be deprotonated, forming part of a more stable 5-membered ring, as in ammonium ferric citrate, (NH 4) 5Fe(C 6H 4O 7) 2·2H 2O.[21] Citric acid can be esterified at one or more of the carboxylic acid functional groups on the molecule (using a variety of alcohols), to form any of a variety of mono-, di-, tri-, and mixed esters.[citation needed] Biochemistry Citric acid cycle Main article: Citric acid cycle Citrate is an intermediate in the TCA cycle (aka TriCarboxylic Acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, Szent-Györgyi), a central metabolic pathway for animals, plants, and bacteria. Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate for aconitase and is converted into aconitic acid. The cycle ends with regeneration of oxaloacetate. This series of chemical reactions is the source of two-thirds of the food-derived energy in higher organisms. Hans Adolf Krebs received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery. Some bacteria (notably E. coli) can produce and consume citrate internally as part of their TCA cycle, but are unable to use it as food because they lack the enzymes required to import it into the cell. After tens of thousand of evolutions in a minimal glucose medium that also contained citrate during Richard Lenski's Long-Term Evolution Experiment, a variant E. coli evolved with the ability to grow aerobically on citrate. Zachary Blount, a student of Lenski's, and colleagues studied these "Cit+" E. coli[22][23] as a model for how novel traits evolve. They found evidence that, in this case, the innovation was caused by a rare duplication mutation due to the accumulation of several prior "potentiating" mutations, the identity and effects of which are still under study. The evolution of the Cit+ trait has been considered a notable example of the role of historical contingency in evolution. Other biological roles Citrate can be transported out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm, then broken down into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, and into oxaloacetate. Citrate is a positive modulator of this conversion, and allosterically regulates the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is the regulating enzyme in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA (the commitment step in fatty acid synthesis). In short, citrate is transported into the cytoplasm, converted into acetyl CoA, which is then converted into malonyl CoA by acetyl CoA carboxylase, which is allosterically modulated by citrate. High concentrations of cytosolic citrate can inhibit phosphofructokinase, the catalyst of a rate-limiting step of glycolysis. This effect is advantageous: high concentrations of citrate indicate that there is a large supply of biosynthetic precursor molecules, so there is no need for phosphofructokinase to continue to send molecules of its substrate, fructose 6-phosphate, into glycolysis. Citrate acts by augmenting the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of ATP, another sign that there is no need to carry out glycolysis.[24] Citrate is a vital component of bone, helping to regulate the size of apatite crystals.[25] Applications Food and drink Powdered citric acid being used to prepare lemon pepper seasoning Because it is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant use of citric acid is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks and candies.[11] Within the European Union it is denoted by E number E330. Citrate salts of various metals are used to deliver those minerals in a biologically available form in many dietary supplements. Citric acid has 247 kcal per 100 g.[26] In the United States the purity requirements for citric acid as a food additive are defined by the Food Chemicals Codex, which is published by the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Citric acid can be added to ice cream as an emulsifying agent to keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization, or in recipes in place of fresh lemon juice. Citric acid is used with sodium bicarbonate in a wide range of effervescent formulae, both for ingestion (e.g., powders and tablets) and for personal care (e.g., bath salts, bath bombs, and cleaning of grease). Citric acid sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as "sour salt", due to its physical resemblance to table salt. It has use in culinary applications, as an alternative to vinegar or lemon juice, where a pure acid is needed. Citric acid can be used in food coloring to balance the pH level of a normally basic dye.[citation needed] Cleaning and chelating agent Citric acid is an excellent chelating agent, binding metals by making them soluble. It is used to remove and discourage the buildup of limescale from boilers and evaporators.[11] It can be used to treat water, which makes it useful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. By chelating the metals in hard water, it lets these cleaners produce foam and work better without need for water softening. Citric acid is the active ingredient in some bathroom and kitchen cleaning solutions. A solution with a six percent concentration of citric acid will remove hard water stains from glass without scrubbing. Citric acid can be used in shampoo to wash out wax and coloring from the hair. Illustrative of its chelating abilities, citric acid was the first successful eluant used for total ion-exchange separation of the lanthanides, during the Manhattan Project in the 1940s. In the 1950s, it was replaced by the far more efficient EDTA. In industry, it is used to dissolve rust from steel and passivate stainless steels.[27] Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and foods Citric acid is used as an acidulant in creams, gels, and liquids. Used in foods and dietary supplements, it may be classified as a processing aid if it was added for a technical or functional effect (e.g. acidulent, chelator, viscosifier, etc.). If it is still present in insignificant amounts, and the technical or functional effect is no longer present, it may be exempt from labeling <21 CFR §101.100(c)>. Citric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid and is an active ingredient in chemical skin peels.[citation needed] Citric acid is commonly used as a buffer to increase the solubility of brown heroin.[28] Citric acid is used as one of the active ingredients in the production of facial tissues with antiviral properties.[29] Other uses The buffering properties of citrates are used to control pH in household cleaners and pharmaceuticals. Citric acid is used as an odorless alternative to white vinegar for home dyeing with acid dyes. Sodium citrate is a component of Benedict's reagent, used for identification both qualitatively and quantitatively of reducing sugars. Citric acid can be used as an alternative to nitric acid in passivation of stainless steel.[30] Citric acid can be used as a lower-odor stop bath as part of the process for developing photographic film. Photographic developers are alkaline, so a mild acid is used to neutralize and stop their action quickly, but commonly used acetic acid leaves a strong vinegar odor in the darkroom.[31] Citric acid/potassium-sodium citrate can be used as a blood acid regulator. Soldering flux. Citric acid is an excellent soldering flux,[32] either dry or as a concentrated solution in water. It should be removed after soldering, especially with fine wires, as it is mildly corrosive. It dissolves and rinses quickly in hot water. Synthesis of solid materials from small molecules In materials science, the Citrate-gel method is a process similar to the sol-gel method, which is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. During the synthetic process, metal salts or alkoxides are introduced into a citric acid solution. The formation of citric complexes is believed to balance the difference in individual behavior of ions in solution, which results in a better distribution of ions and prevents the separation of components at later process stages. The polycondensation of ethylene glycol and citric acid starts above 100 °С, resulting in polymer citrate gel formation. Safety Although a weak acid, exposure to pure citric acid can cause adverse effects. Inhalation may cause cough, shortness of breath, or sore throat. Over-ingestion may cause abdominal pain and sore throat. Exposure of concentrated solutions to skin and eyes can cause redness and pain.[33] Long-term or repeated consumption may cause erosion of tooth enamel. Anhydrous Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood. Citric acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water. (USCG, 1999) Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. It has a role as a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a citrate(1-) and a citrate anion. Molecular Weight of Citric Acid: 192.12 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3 of Citric Acid: -1.7 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Citric Acid: 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Citric Acid: 7 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Citric Acid: 5 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Massof Citric Acid: 192.027003 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Citric Acid: 192.027003 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Citric Acid: 132 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Citric Acid: 13 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Citric Acid: 227 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Citric Acid: 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Citric Acid Is Canonicalized Yes

Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is a powerful antioxidant, much valued in the world of skin care.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract protects the skin from free radicals responsible for premature aging.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is also an excellent conditioner that soothes the skin and leaves it soft and nourished.

CAS: 72968-50-4
EINECS: 277-143-2

Synonyms
Orange,sour,extract;FEMA 2823;BITTER ORANGE;ORANGE OIL BITTER;ORANGE FLOWER ABSOLUTE;Orange, sour, ext.;CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA (BITTER ORANGE) FLOWER EXTRACT;CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA (BITTER ORANGE) PEEL EXTRACT

Further, Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is light in color and has a natural fragrance that gives the products a luxurious feel.
Also known as bitter orange extract, Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is largely safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract, better known as Bitter Orange, is a fruit containing a high level of vitamins.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is becoming popular in weight loss products because of its effects on metabolism.
In fact, Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is usually combined with caffeine and other herbs which more directly increase the fat burning process in body.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract, commonly known as “Bitter Orange” is a plant native to Asia.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is full of vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract, a flavanone glycoside present in bitter orange is full of potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract Chemical Properties
Density: 0.927 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive index: n20/D1.483
FEMA: 2636 | LINALYL ACETATE
Fp: >100℃
Odor: at 100.00 %. sweet floral orangeflower petitgrain hyacinth honeysuckle citrus rind spicy honey
Odor Type: floral

Uses
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is considered a prized ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products due to its many beneficial properties.

Skin care: Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract acts as a natural astringent, helping to tighten pores and reduce oiliness.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties combat signs of aging and soothe irritated skin.

Hair care: In haircare, the extract strengthens hair follicles, promotes healthy hair growth, and adds shine.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract also has antimicrobial properties, making it effective in treating scalp conditions such as dandruff.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract's refreshing citrus scent adds an invigorating aroma to hair products.

Bitter orange has been used traditionally as a sedative, an appetite stimulant, an insecticide for mosquitos, and for Tinea infections and dyspepsia.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is also used for anemia, kidney/bladder disorders, heart, and circulation.
Topically Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is used for inflammation of eyelids, conjunctivae, muscle pain, rheumatic pain, and phlibitis.

Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract is also employed in herbal medicine as a stimulant and appetite suppressant, due to its active ingredient, synephrine.
Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract supplements have been linked to a number of serious side effects and deaths, and consumer groups advocate that people avoid using the fruit medically.
Whether Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract affects medical conditions of heart and cardiovascular organs, by itself or in formulae with other substances, is inconclusive.
Standard reference materials are released concerning the properties in Citrus Aurantium (bitter orange) extract by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for ground fruit, extract, and solid oral dosage form, along with those packaged together into one item.

Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Extract is an extract of the peel of the grapefruit, Citrusgrandis.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract has more of a medicinal values.


CAS Number: 90045-43-5 / 8016-20-4
EC Number: 289-904-6 / -
Chem/IUPAC Name: Citrus Grandis Peel Extract is an extract of the peel of the Grapefruit, Citrus grandis, Rutaceae
Classification: Regulated, Essential oil
Origin(s): Vegetal
INCI: Citrus paradise peel extract / Citrus grandis peel extract



SYNONYMS:
aka Pomelo Oil, Shaddock Oil, Citrus Grandis Peel Oil, Citrus Maxima Peel Oil, POMELO ESSENTIAL OIL, Orange Yu (JPN), Pomelo Extract Citricidal, Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit), Fruit Extract Pummelo, Grapefriut Juice,Grapefruit Extract,Grapefruit Oil,Grapefruit Peel Oil,Grapefruit Seed Extract,Shaddock Oil,Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Extract, Pomelo Peel Extract, Grapefruit Peel Extract, Citrus Grandis Peel Extract, Citrus Grandis Extract, Pomelo Extract, Citrus maxima Peel Extract, Citrus maxima Extract, Shaddock Peel Extract



Origin of Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is biotechnological.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is an extract of the peel of the grapefruit, Citrus grandis, Rutaceae.
Grapefruit, also known as Citrus paradise / Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is sweet-sour-bitter fruit, originated accidentally from cross cultivation of sweet orange and pomelo.


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is an evergreen shrub, grows naturally in a warm and humid climates such as middle east, Mediterranean.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract comes in three varieties; white, ruby red and pink.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract has more of a medicinal values.


Grapefruit seeds are cold-pressed to get oil to obtain Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract contains myrcene, geraniol, linalool, alpha-pinene, decyl acetate, limonene, citronellal, etc.
The seeds can be crushed and extracted with different solvents to get Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract, as the extract can be considered water-soluble and so can be used in water-based preparations as well as oil-based ones.


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract contains valuable ingredients like Vitamin A, C, And E, citric acid, linoleic acid, malic acid, flavanone glycosides such as naringenin and lots more.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is an essential oil derived from the peel of the pomelo (Citrus maxima).


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract, also commonly known as pomelo, is one of the original citrus species native to South Asia, from which many other cultivated grapefruits were hybridized.
These trees produce the largest of all citrus fruits, with a distinctive thick rind protecting the sweet fruit.


Harvested rinds can be cold-pressed or steam-distilled to extract the fragrant essential oil.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is an extract obtained from the seeds and pulp of Pomelo.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is a viscous lemon-yellow liquid with an acidic 2.0 - 3.5 pH.


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is a potent and effective broad-spectrum bactericide and fungicide compound (range: 1000 ppm to 10000 ppm).
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is compatible with the most of ingredients normally used in cosmetics, except for Carbomer, surfactants, and anionic emulsifiers.


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract comes from the rind of the grapefruit.
In general, the main component of Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is limonene (86-95% for grapefruit peel), a super common fragrant ingredient that makes everything smell nice (but counts as a frequent skin sensitizer).


Other than that, Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract also contains the problematic compound called furanocoumarin that makes them mildly phototoxic.
In general, the more sour-bitter the fruit, the more problematic Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is regarding phototoxicity: orange and clementine peel contain less of it while lemon, grapefruit, and bergamot contain some more.


Be careful with it if Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is in a product for daytime use.
A fragrant essential oil, Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract, obtained from pomelo peels - sometimes mislabeled as grapefruit.
The high limonene content is responsible for Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract's citrusy scent.


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract may induce sun allergies in people sensitive to citrus fruits.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is an essential oil obtained from the peels of pomelo (Citrus grandis), sometimes mislabeled as grapefruit (this is because the taxonomy and Latin names of citrus fruits are complicated and sometimes change when new discoveries are made).


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is a citrus fruit that is the largest among the Rutaceae family.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is a potent essence extracted from the peel of this fruit.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is rich in flavonoids, vitamin C, and phytochemicals, which have made it a sought-after ingredient in natural skincare.


The peels of all citrus fruits contain mainly the essential oil, which, as is the case for the pomelo peel, contains mainly limonene, a compound responsible for the citrus smell.
Limonene can represent up to 95% of the essential oil found in the pomelo peels.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is very valuable nutritionally as well as cosmetically, grapefruit seeds and rinds are mainly used for cosmetic purposes.
Cosmetic Uses of Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract: astringents, perfuming agents, skin conditioning, and tonic.


The seeds can be crushed and extracted with different solvents to get Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract, as the extract can be considered water-soluble and so can be used in water-based preparations as well as oil-based ones.
We use Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract as a fragrance component in some of our products.


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is used as a natural preservative for the self-preservation of high-end cosmetic products in concentrations up to 0.5%.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is a safe ingredient if used in cosmetic concentrations.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract has a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties and can be used to prevent body odor.


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract has a strong eliminating effect on free radicals, and has the effect of anti-aging and anti-oxidation.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract can activate luciferase, indicating that it has anti-inflammatory effect.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract can promote the secretion of hyaluronic acid and can be used as a moisturizing agent.


Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract, widely respected in traditional herbal medicine, boasts a range of healing properties.
In several Asian nations, Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is much more than just a fruit for consumption.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract's versatility extends to various parts of the plant, which have found significant use in folk traditions.


For instance, the oil derived from Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract leaves is often applied to address skin conditions, headaches, and abdominal pain.
Various sections of Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract are reportedly used extensively across different traditional cultures.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is particularly esteemed in traditional medicine, serving as a remedy for coughs and swellings, and even used for beauty enhancement purposes.


Citrus Grandis flowers, on the other hand, have been used as a remedy for anxiety and sleep disorders.
The fruits themselves have an array of uses beyond their culinary delight.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is a safe ingredient if used in cosmetic concentrations.


They've been utilized in cases of mental disorders, asthma, leprosy, hiccups, coughs, and even epilepsy.
Additionally, Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract has been used for its potential benefits in lowering cholesterol and promoting weight loss, further enhancing its holistic appeal.



WHAT DOES CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Astringent
*Skin conditioning
*Tonic
*Perfuming



USE AND BENEFITS OF CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants flavonoids, quercetin, etc.
All the extracts and oils are mainly antioxidant.
When applied topically it saves skin from environmental free radical damage.

Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract can also help reverse the damage already caused to the skin.
They replenish and nourish and help remove any impurities.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is antibacterial in nature, so it can be used in anti-dandruff shampoos and antiacne products.

For acne products, Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract helps to relieve congestion around the pimple affected area.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract can also be used as a skin toner, which can provide even skin tone and help get rid of any blemishes or discoloration.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is used for its fragrance also, in bath products as well as body care products.



FUNCTIONS OF CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
*Antiseptic
*Preservative
*Astringent
*Perfuming
*Skin conditioning
*Tonifying



FUNCTIONS OF CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
*Masking :
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product
*Skin conditioning :
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract maintains skin in good condition
*Perfuming :
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract is used for perfume and aromatic raw materials



INCI FUNCTION OF CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
*skin caring,
*astringent,
*invigorating



CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT IN SKINCARE:
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract holds a special place in skincare, given its diverse functions:

*Fragrance:
With Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract's unique, bright, and refreshing scent, Citrus Grandis Peel Oil is often used as a natural fragrance in skincare products.
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract imparts a light, citrusy aroma that enhances the sensory pleasure of skincare routines.

*Antimicrobial:
Research has shown that Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract possesses antimicrobial properties.
This means Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract can protect the skin from bacterial and fungal pathogens, thus contributing to overall skin health.

*Antioxidant:
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract from pomelo peels is rich in antioxidants, including vitamin C.
These antioxidants help combat free radicals that can harm the skin, thus maintaining skin health.

*Skin Toning:
Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract also functions as a natural skin toner.



IS CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT SAFE FOR SKIN?
Like all skincare ingredients, the safety of Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract largely depends on the individual's skin type, the concentration used, and the method of application.
Generally, when used in a properly diluted form, Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract's considered safe for topical application.

Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract contains naturally occurring compounds called furanocoumarins, which can induce photosensitivity or skin sensitivity when exposed to sunlight.
People who are sensitive to citrus fruits should try to avoid products containing Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract.
Application of Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract to skin may cause an allergic reaction, especially when combined with sun exposure.

Therefore, Citrus Grandis (Pomelo) Peel Extract's recommended to use products containing this oil during your evening skincare routine or ensure the application of a broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
CAS Number: 90045-43-5 / 8016-20-4
Chem/IUPAC Name: Citrus Grandis Peel Extract is an extract of the peel of the Grapefruit, Citrus grandis, Rutaceae
EINECS/ELINCS No: 289-904-6 / -
COSING REF No: 32892
CAS Number: 90045-43-5 / 8016-20-4
EC Number: 289-904-6 / -
Chem/IUPAC Name: Citrus Grandis Peel Extract is an extract of the peel of the Grapefruit, Citrus grandis, Rutaceae
Classification: Regulated, Essential oil

Origin(s): Vegetal
INCI: Citrus paradise peel extract / Citrus grandis peel extract
Appearance: Yellow to orange powder
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, partially soluble in water
pH: 3.0-6.0 (in solution)
Density: Approximately 0.8-1.0 g/cm³
Molecular Formula: C10H10O
Molecular Weight: 150.19 g/mol
Melting Point: Not specified
Boiling Point: Not applicable (solid extract)



FIRST AID MEASURES of CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CITRUS GRANDIS (POMELO) PEEL EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Nom UICPA acide 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylique. Synonymes : acide 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioïque. No CAS : 77-92-9 (anhydre), cas no: 5949-29-1 (monohydrate), No CE 201-069-1. L'acide citrique est un additif alimentaire (numéro E33023) préparé industriellement par fermentation fongique et utilisé dans l'industrie alimentaire comme acidifiant (soda, bonbons acidulés ), correcteur d’acidité, agent de levuration, dans la composition d'arôme. E330 est biosynthétisé par des micro-organismes (moisissures comme Aspergillus niger) cultivés sur un substrat contenant habituellement de la mélasse et/ou du glucose. Les micro-organismes peuvent avoir été modifiés génétiquement pour augmenter le rendement. Peut être utilisé dans les boissons gazeuses sous forme de citrate de magnésium Mg3(C6H5O7)2, 4H2O.Produits cosmétiques et pharmaceutiques. Le citrate se lie au calcium sanguin, ce dernier étant nécessaire, entre autres, à la coagulation sanguine. Ceci est à l'origine de ses propriétés anticoagulantes, employées en laboratoire et pour la conservation des produits sanguins. Le citrate est utilisé en épuration extra-rénale continue en tant qu'anticoagulant régional dans le circuit d'épuration et surtout le filtre. Cette propriété est basée sur la chélation du calcium ionisé et rend nécessaire d'administrer du calcium en supplément. Le citrate est aussi utilisé sous forme de citrate de potassium ou de sodium pour l’alcalinisation des urines et la prévention des calculs urinaires, en particulier en cas d'hypocitraturie où leur utilisation réduit le risque de récidive de lithiases calciques en inhibant la croissance des calculs d'oxalate de calcium et de phosphate de calcium. Toutefois, du fait de ses effets secondaires, ce traitement n'est que peu toléré sur le long terme et on lui préfère souvent l’absorption de deux verres de jus d'orange par jour. 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monohydrate; 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid hydrate; 2-Hydroxypropanetricarboxylic acid; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioic acid; Aciletten; Anhydrous citric acid; Chemfill; Citretten; Citric acid hydrate; CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE; Citric acid, anhydrous; Citric acid, monohydrate; Citro; Hydrocerol A; Kyselina 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova; Kyselina citronova. Translated names; Acid citric (ro); Acide citrique (fr); Acido citrico (it); Aċidu ċitriku (mt); Citric acid (no); Citrinų rūgštis (lt); Citroenzuur (nl); Citromsav (hu); Citronensäure (de); Citronska kislina (sl); Citronskābe (lv); Citronsyra (sv); citronsyre (da); Kwas cytrynowy (pl); kyselina citronová (cs); kyselina citrónová (sk); Limunska kiselina (hr); Sidrunhape (et); Sitruunahappo (fi); Ácido cítrico (es); Κιτρικό οξύ (el); Лимонена киселина (bg). : 2-hydorxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxy -1,2,3 propane tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid;2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid monohydrate; 2-Hydroxypropan-1,2,3-tricarbonsäure; 2-HYDROXYPROPANE-1, 2, 3-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic; 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid anhydrous; 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, Hydroxytricarballylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;hydrate; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-trioic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-l,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane.1,2,3-tricaboxylic; 3-carbossi-3-idrossi-1,5-pentandioic acid; 3-carboxy-3-hydroxy pentanedioic acid; 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid; 3-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, anhydrous; 3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,5-pentanedioic acid; 3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,5-pentanedioic acid.; 3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,5-pentaneioicacid; acido 3-carbossi-3-idrossi-1,5-pentandioico; acido citrico anidro; Anhydrous form: 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; Monohydrated form: 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monohydrate; CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS; citric acid; 3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,5-pentanedioic acid;citric acid ; CITROMSAV-MONOHIDRÁT; Citronensäure, wasserfrei; hydroxypropene - 1,2,3 - tricarboxylic; Acide citrique; ACIDO CITRICO MONOIDRATOCITRIC ACID; Citric Acid Anhydrous; Citric Acid Monohydrate; Citronensäure-Monohydrat; Ácido citrico; ACIDO CITRICO MONOIDRATO; Citronensäure-Monohydrat; Ácido citrico

Citrulline; N5-(Aminocarbonyl)ornithine; (S)-2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid; N(delta)-Carbamylornithine; N5-Carbamoyl-L-ornithine; Sitrulline; delta-Ureidonorvaline; alpha-Amino-delta-ureidovaleric acid; alpha-amino delta-carbamido n-valeric acid; Citrulline; L-2Amino-5-ureidovaleric acid; cas no: 372-75-8

Civanperçemi(Kandil Çiçeği)Ekstrakt ; Achillea Millefolium Flower Extract; achillea millefolium extract; extract of the leaves and flowers of the yarrow, achillea millefolium l., asteraceae; milfoil extract; yarrow extract cas no: 84082-83-7

CLIMBAZOLE, N° CAS : 38083-17-9, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : CLIMBAZOLE, Nom chimique : 2-Butanone, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 253-775-4. Le climbazole est un antifongique topique souvent utilisé dans le traitement des infections fongiques cutanées chez l'homme, telles que les pellicules et l'eczéma. Ses fonctions (INCI) Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.. Antipelliculaire : Aide à lutter contre les pellicules

DESCRIPTION:

Climbazole is generally soluble in oil and some organic compounds.
Climbazole is an imidazole antifungal agent, which is widely used as an active ingredient in anti-dandruff (AD) shampoos since, it inhibits the microbial growth and improves skin barrier on scalp.
Climbazole helps reduce dandruff and cleanse the scalp.



CAS NUMBER: 38083-17-9

EC NUMBER: 253-775-4

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C15H17ClN2O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 292.76 g/mol



DESCRIPTION:

Climbazole relieves the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis such as redness, scaling and itching on the scalp.
Climbazole supports hair health by helping to control fungi and microorganisms on the scalp.
The usage rate varies between 0.5% and 2% depending on the demonstrative effect of the product and its interaction with other substances.
Climbazole is in the form of a white crystalline powder.
Climbazole is a raw material with antifungal drug status.

In fungi, Climbazole destroys the cell membrane, stops growth and kills it.
Climbazole has important effects in the treatment of skin infections.
Climbazole is a chemical substance that is considered a medicine.
In order to benefit from this chemical substance feature, Climbazole is included in the formulation by directly mixing with 0.5% Mono Propylene Glycol (USP) in order to show the dandruff feature.

Climbazole is one of the most effective fungicides known, because of the resistance developed in fungi against other fungicides (antimycotic), climbazole is ahead of all in terms of effectiveness.
Climnazor, which has been used in European countries for 2-3 years, has recently been used in shampoos produced in Turkey.
The use of fungicides in effective doses of shampoos is the most common treatment for scalp fungus, oily eczema and fungi, which are the most common causes of intense dandruff.
Fungi are seen at the level of 60% in both intense dandruff and oily eczema (seborrheic dermatitis).

For this reason, when these diseases are diagnosed, shampoos with fungicidal effects are recommended.
The most important disadvantage of such mushroom-containing shampoos is that they are generally not suitable for daily use, Seboderm shampoo is the only shampoo suitable for daily use among this group of shampoos.

Climbazole is used in anti-itch care shampoos due to its broad spectrum bactericidal properties.
Climbazole may be used as a reference standard in the determination of climbazole in environmental samples and in samples of anti-dandruff shampoo using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS-MS).
Climbazole is an excellent antipruritic and anti-dandruff agent.
Climbazole permanently and strongly inhibits dandruff fungus.
Climbazole is a safe, non-irritating product that can be widely used in shampoo.

Climbazole allows you to obtain low-cost formulas with a small amount of use.
Climbazole works stably at high temperatures and against metal ions.
Climbazole can be dissolved in ethanol and water mixture or anionic surfactant solutions.
Climbazole is partially soluble in water.

Climbazole is soluble in ethyl acetate, acetone, benzene, toluene and other organic solvents.
Partially soluble in cyclohexane and petroleum ether.
Transparent formulas can be obtained.
Climbazole is widely used in the treatment of fungal infections such as seborrheic dermatitis and eczema on the skin.
Climbazole has a strong inhibition on the fungus that produces dandruff.
For this reason, Climbazole is used in anti-dandruff shampoos.

Climbazole is used in the cosmetic industry, in beauty creams for smoother skin.
Climbazole can also be used in bath gels and mouthwashes.
Climbazole is the most effective fungicidal substance found in shampoos produced for the treatment of intense dandruff in the hair.
Climbazole is a crystalline, colorless or nearly white solid raw material with a density of 1,320 GR / CM3.
Climbazole is first dissolved in alcohol or a nonionic surfactant, then the other dissolved components of the formulation are mixed at a temperature of about 70 ℃.
Climbazole is a topical antifungal agent commonly used in the treatment of human fungal skin infections such as dandruff, seborrhoeic dermatitis and eczema.
Climbazole has shown a high in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Malassezia spp. that appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dandruff.
Climbazole's chemical structure and properties are similar to other fungicides such as ketoconazole and miconazole.

Climbazole is most commonly found as an active ingredient in OTC anti-dandruff and anti-fungal products, including shampoos, lotions and conditioners.
Climbazole may be accompanied by other active ingredients such as zinc pyrithione or triclosan.
Climbazole is a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of imidazoles, an aromatic ether, a ketone and a hemiaminal ether.
Climbazole is a topical antifungal agent commonly used in the treatment of human fungal skin infections such as dandruff and eczema.
Climbazole has shown a high in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Pityrosporum ovale that appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dandruff.
Climbazole is a type of fungicide specially developed for the treatment of fungi that cause intense dandruff in patients, and it is widely used in shampoos in many countries and Turkey.

Climbazole is seen that there are fungi of malessezia furfur and pyrosporum ovale, products that are effective against these fungi should be preferred in the treatment.
Before Climbazole, fungicides called ketoconazole and itraconazole were used, but due to the use for many years, fungi were recognized and their effectiveness became less than in the past.
This group of products is usually limited to 2 times a week due to its side effects.
In the treatment of intense dandruff seen in severe oily eczema cases, eczema-related treatments should be applied, in addition to this, shampoo should be used.
Climbazole is not a product.

Climbazole is the most effective fungicidal substance found in shampoos produced for the treatment of intense dandruff in the hair. Because it is known that the most important factor causing dandruff and excessive dandruff problem is fungus.
Climbazole is one of the most effective fungicides known.
Climnazol, which has been used for 2-3 years in European countries, has been used in shampoos produced in Turkey recently.
The use of fungicides such as climbazole and similar ones, ketoconazole, itraconazole in effective doses in shampoos is the most common form of treatment in the treatment of scalp fungi, oily eczema on the head (seborrheic dermatitis) and fungi, which are the most common causes of intense dandruff.

For this reason, when dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis are diagnosed, shampoos with fungicidal effects are recommended.
The most important disadvantage of this group of fungicide-containing shampoos is that they are generally not suitable for daily use.
Since Climbazole does not interact with other substances put in shampoos, shampoos containing climbazole can be produced with the content of quality shampoos suitable for daily use.
Climbazole is an additive and antifungal agent used in over-the-counter shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and face washes to treat human fungal skin infections like eczema and dandruff.
Dandruff is suffered by as much as half of the population and about one in every ten individuals in the United States will develop eczema during their lifetime.

This agent helps to treat these moderate to severe fungal infections and their symptoms such as redness, and dry, itchy, and flakey skin without causing irritation to the affected area when used properly.
Climbazole is known to be an antifungal drug, which is frequently used in the treatment of skin fungal infections.
Thus, it effectively treats dandruff as well as other scalp infections.
The drug also strengthens and improves hair quality.
Moreover, it offers relief from itching, which can cause a lot of discomfort in individuals who suffer from dandruff.

The drug is available in the form of a hair shampoo, which should be used regularly for a period of about 4 weeks.
Climbazole is a white Crystalline Powder used as a very effective anti-dandruff agent.
Climbazole secifically tackles the fungus Malaseezia furfur, the primary cause of dandruff.
Climbazole provides excellent activity against the main cause of dandruff, Malassezia species.
Climbazole is suitable for both leave-on and rinse-off hair care formulations.
Climbazole provides no formation of coloured complexes with metal ions which cause discoloration in formulations.

Climbazole has good compatibility with perfume oils and other commonly used hair care raw materials and is soluble in alcohol, glycols, surfactants and certain perfume oils.
Climbazole's stable in acid and neutral pH ranges and not hygroscopic (does not absorb water from the air).
Climbazole has excellent light, heat and storage stability.
Climbazole is primarily aimed at haircare products where the anti-dandruff properties are renowned for their effectiveness.
Climbazole however is found in some eczema treatments for its antifungal properties.

Climbazole-d4, a novel synthetic molecule, holds vast potential for scientific research applications.
Derived from the widely utilized antimycotic drug Climbazole, it serves as a research tool to investigate the effects of Climbazole in various scientific experiments. Climbazole-d4 has been extensively employed in diverse research studies, enabling the examination of Climbazole′s impact on fungal growth, gene expression, protein structure and function, as well as secondary metabolite production.
The precise mechanism of action for Climbazole-d4 remains partially understood; however, it is hypothesized to inhibit fungal growth by disrupting the cell wall and impeding the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes.
Additionally, Climbazole is believed to influence the expression of specific genes associated with fungal growth and development.

Serving as a labeled form of Climbazole, Climbazole-d4 acts as an imidazole antifungal agent.
When incorporated into shampoo formulations, it provides beneficial effects in combating dandruff.
Climbazole is an antifungal drug, which is frequently used in the treatment of skin fungal infections.
Thus, it is effective against dandruff, eczema and other scalp infections in your hair and scalp.
The antifungal drug is used in over-the-counter shampoos, conditioners, lotions and face washes.
Climbazole is an imidazole antifungal agent that can provide anti-dandruff benefits.



USAGE AREAS:

They are the most important components in the development of the cosmetics industry and the production of beauty creams that women need to have smooth skin.
Climbazole is used in the manufacture of drugs in the form of creams, which are produced to eliminate infections on the skin.
Climbazole is a raw material with antifungal properties in the drugs produced to prevent dandruff, fungus and eczema formations on the skin.
Climbazole is an anti-dandruff active substance used to prevent dandruff formations on the scalp.
Climbazole exhibits in vitro properties against Pityrosporum bacteria, which is known as the pathogenesis of dandruff.
The scalp of people renews itself once every 2 weeks. However, in some cases, the scalp cannot regenerate itself.

Therefore, dead skin cells are gathered together and an uncomfortable appearance is formed. Climberazole is used as an important active ingredient to inhibit bacteria that cause such formations.
Climbazole has the appearance of white or colorless crystals.
Climbazole is odorless.
Climbazole is very slightly soluble in water.
Climbazole has good solubility in essential oils and surfactants.
Climbazole is similar to other fungicides such as ketoconazole and miconazole.

Compatible with positive ion, negative ion and nonionic surfactants.
Climbazole is an active ingredient commonly used in body cosmetics.
Climbazole has antifungal effects, which is why it is used in products for eczema-prone skin and in dandruff shampoos.
With its anti-inflammatory properties, it helps suppress the growth of unwanted yeasts on the skin and also assists in preserving cosmetic products.
Climbazole can provide relief from itchy scalp associated with dandruff.
The recommended dosage of climbazole for use in anti-dandruff shampoos is a maximum of 2%.
The recommended dosage of climbazole as a preservative is 0.2% for facial creams, hair masks, and foot preparations, and 0.5% for shampoos.

Climbazole (BAY-e 6975) is a potent antifungal agent.
Climbazole also is a potent inducer of rat hepatic cytochrome P450. I
Climbazole (20 µM; 48 hours) significantly decreases exosome secretion in aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) cells.
Climbazole (20 µM) significantly inhibits the protein concentration of Alix, and Rab27a but not nSMase2.
Climbazole is a potent inhibitor of exosome biogenesis and/or secretion.



USES:


-Shampoo
-Hair conditioner



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

Climbazole's density is 1.17 g/cm³.
Climbazole's melting point is in the range of 96 °C to 100 °C.
Climbazole's boiling point ranges from 447.5 °C to 487.5 °C.
Climbazole has stable properties of acid and pH ranges. It maintains its standard feature under suitable storage conditions.
Climbazole has a solubility of 59 mg/ml in Ethyl Alcohol. It has good solubility in perfume (essential) oils and surfactants.



TECHNICAL PROPERTIES:


-CAS NUMBER: 38083-17-9
-MOLECULAR FORMULA: C15H17CIN2O2
-CHEMICAL NAME: Climbazole, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3dioethylbutane-2-one
-MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 292.76 g/mol
-DENSITY: 1.17 g/cm³
-MELTING POINT: 96 °C-100 °C
-BOILING POINT: 447.5 °C – 487.5 °C



SPECIFICATIONS:

-mp: 96-100 °C
-suitability: passes test for identity (NMR)
-application(s): agriculture, environmental
-format: neat
-SMILES string: CC(C)(C)C(=O)C(Oc1ccc(Cl)cc1)n2ccnc2
-InChI: 1S/C15H17ClN2O2/c1-15(2,3)13(19)14(18-9-8-17-10-18)20-12-6-4-1 (16)5-7-12/h4-10,14H,1-3H3
-InChI key: OWEGWHBOCFMBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N



FEATURES:

-Exfoliates the scalp and removes sebum build up
-Reduces dandruff and flaking
-Balances microbial activity
-Prevents irritation and itching
-Decreases inflammation and redness
-Is a total nourishment for the scalp



PROPERTIES:

-Melting Point: 96-100ºC
-Flash Point: 224.4ºC
-Purity: >98%
-Density: 1.17 g/cmH3
-Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow crystalline powder
-Hazard Codes: Xn
-HS Code: 2933290012
-Log P: 3.72930
-PSA: 44.12
-Refractive Index: 1.56
-RIDADR: UN 3077



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 292.76 g/mol
-XLogP3-AA: 3.7
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
-Rotatable Bond Count: 5
-Exact Mass: 292.0978555 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 292.0978555 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 44.1Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 20
-Complexity: 335
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



CHARACTERISTICS:

-Appearance: White crystalline powder
-Melting temperature: 94℃~98℃
-Water content : ≤0.5%
-p-Chlorophenol : ≤0.015%
-Molecular weight: 292.76
-Cas number: 38083-17-9
-Purity(HPLC): min. 98.0% area
-Purity(Nonaqueous Titration): min. 98.0%



USAGE AMOUNT:

Usage Level: 0.5 – 1% (Rinse off products), 0.1% - 0.3%.
These are maximum levels as defined under EU Cosmetic Regulations.



PRECAUTIONS:

Climbazole should not be applied undiluted to the skin and the maximum usage levels above should not be exceeded.
You should always wear gloves when working with Climbazole and not make contact with the skin.
Keep away from children do not take internally seek advice when using on children/infants.



FUNCTIONS:

-Anti dandruff: Helps fight against dandruff
-Antimicrobial: Helps slowing the growth of micro-organisms on the skin and counteracts the development of microbes
-Preservative: Inhibits the development of microorganisms in cosmetic products.



HOW TO USE IT:

Climbazole has good compatibility with perfume oils and other commonly used hair care raw materials and is soluble in alcohol, glycols, surfactants and certain perfume oils.
Climbazole's stable in acid and neutral pH ranges and not hygroscopic, has excellent light, heat and storage stability.
In-vivo efficacy tests have shown the effectiveness of Climbazole in anti-dandruff formulations
The extract is suitable for use in both O/W Emulsions and W/O Emulsions



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting point: 96-100°C
-Boiling point: 447.5±40.0 °C(Predicted)
-density: 1.17±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
-vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
-refractive index: 1.54
-storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
-solubility: Insoluble in water
-pka: 5.66±0.22(Predicted)
-form: neat
-color: White to Almost white
-Water Solubility: 58mg/L at 25℃
-BRN: 618020
-InChIKey: OWEGWHBOCFMBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
-LogP: 3.83 at 25℃



TECHNICAL INFORMATIONS:

-Physical State: Solid
-Storage: Store at -20° C
-Melting Point: 82-84°C (lit.)



STORAGE:

Store in a cool and dry area.



SYNONYM:

Crinipan AD
Crinipan ADS
TC-Climbazole
Reanti CLB
SMACTIV CLB
PRODAN CLB
Spec-Chem-Climbazole
PromaCare CMZ
Dantuff-C
Crinipan AD
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(imidazol-1-yl)-butan-2-one
CLIMBAZOL
1-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-1-imidazol-1-yl-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one
1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1-(imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone
Climbazole
38083-17-9
Baypival
Climbazol
BAY-E 6975
Crinipan AD
Baysan
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one
Climbazolum
Climbazol [INN-Spanish]
Climbazolum [INN-Latin]
2-Butanone, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-
Climbazole [BAN:INN]
Climbazole [INN:BAN]
EINECS 253-775-4
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-imidazol-1-yl-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one
NSC-759808
BRN 0618020
Bay e 6975
UNII-9N42CW7I54
CCRIS 8169
DTXSID6046555
1-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-1-imidazol-1-yl-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone
CHEBI:83719
9N42CW7I54
MEB 6401
NCGC00166153-01
1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1-(imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutanone
1-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1-imidazolyl)-2-butanone
1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone
EC 253-775-4
Bay-e-6975
5-23-04-00209 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID4026555
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1-imidazolyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone
1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazolyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone
1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(imidazole-1-yl)-2-butanone
2-BUTANONE, 1-(p-CHLOROPHENOXY)-3,3-DIMETHYL-1-(1-IMIDAZOLYL)-
CAS-38083-17-9
MFCD00055505
CLIMBAZOLE [INN]
CLIMBAZOLE [INCI]
CLIMBAZOLE [MART.]
CLIMBAZOLE [USP-RS]
CLIMBAZOLE [WHO-DD]
SCHEMBL39729
US9138393, Climbazole
US9144538, Climbazole
MLS004773943
1-NAPHTHYLACETICANHYDRIDE
BAY e-6975
CHEMBL1437764
OWEGWHBOCFMBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-
BDBM181112
HMS2090O13
HMS3652P05
HMS3744O15
Pharmakon1600-01504833
1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1-(imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone
1-(4-Clorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(imidazole-1-yl)-2-butanone
HY-B1151
MEB-6401
Tox21 112343
Tox21_112343
AC-272
DL-358
NSC759808
s4178
AKOS015895513
Tox21_112343_1
CCG-213958
CS-4675
DB15580
KS-5112
NSC 759808
Climbazole 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
NCGC00166153-02
NCGC00166153-03
LS-46662
SMR001550495
C2025
FT-0624097
FT-0655760
FT-0665095
SW219213-1
Climbazole, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
H10384
AB01275501-01
AB01275501_02
AB01275501_03
A824009
AO-295/40848554
Q629373
SR-05000001501
Q-100974
SR-05000001501-1
BRD-A61676498-001-01-7
Climbazole, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
1-(4-chloranylphenoxy)-1-imidazol-1-yl-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one
1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1-(imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(imidazol-1-yl)-butan-2-one
2-butanona, 1-(4-clorofenoxi)-1-(1h-imidazol-1-il)-3,3-dimetil-
(RS)-1-(4-CHLOROPHENOXY)-1-IMIDAZOL-1-YL-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTAN-2-ONE
InChI=1/C15H17ClN2O2/c1-15(2,3)13(19)14(18-9-8-17-10-18)20-12-6-4-11(16)5-7-12/h4-10,14H,1-3H3



IUPAC NAME:

(R,S)-1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-imidazol-1-yl-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one
(RS)-1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-imidazol-1-yl-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-imidazol-1-yl-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(imidazole-1-yl)-2-butanone
1-(4-clorophenoxy)-3, 3-dimethyl-1-(imidazole-1-yl)-2-butanone
2-Butanone, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-
Climbazole
climbazole

Clopidogrel bisulfate; Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate ;(S)-methyl 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)acetate sulfate; Clopidogrel bisulphate; Clopidogrel hemisulfate; Clopidogrel sulphate; clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate cas no:120202-66-6

Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is a well-known medicinal plant used for diarrhea, digestive disorders, or in antiseptics in Korea.
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/).


CAS Number: 84961-50-2
EC Number: 284-638-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Eugenia Caryophyllus Flower Extract is the extract of the flowers of Clove, Eugenia caryophyllata, Myrtaceae
Botanical Name: Eugenia Caryophyllata



SYNONYMS:
84961-50-2, 284-638-7, Allergenic Extract- Cloves Eugenia Caryophyllata, B1255 [Langual], Caryophyllii Flos (Syzygium Aromaticum (L.) Merill et L. M. Perry) [EMA Herbal Substance], Caryophylli Flos, Caryophylli Flos [CHP], Caryophyllus Aromaticus Bud, Caryophyllus Hortensis Bud, Caryophyllus Silvestris Bud, Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum (L.) Merill et L. M. Perry) [EMA Herbal Substance], Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) [JP], Clove [JAN], Clove [MART.], Clove [MI], Clove Allergenic Extract, Clove Bud Extract, Clove Bud Extract [FHFI], Clove Bud Oleoresin, Clove Bud Oleoresin [FHFI], Clove Buds, Cloves, Cloves [VANDF], Cloves, Ground, Ding Xiang, Ding Xiang Bud, Dingxiang, Dinh Huong, Eugenia Aromatica Bud, Eugenia Caryophyllata, Eugenia Caryophyllata [HPUS], Eugenia Caryophyllata Bud, Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Bud Extract, Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Flower Bud Powder, Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Flower Extract, Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Flower Powder, Eugenia Caryophyllus Bud, FEMA No. 2322, FEMA No. 2327, Food - Plant Source, Cloves Eugenia Caryophyllata, Food - Plant Source, Cloves Syzygium Aromaticum, Jambosa Caryophyllus Bud, Lavang, Myrtus Caryophyllus Bud, Spices, Cloves, Ground, Spike Fragrance, Syzygium Aromaticum Bud, Syzygium Aromaticum Bud [WHO-DD], Clove, Clove Bud Extract, Eugenia Caryophyllata, Eugenia Aromatica, Syzygium Aromaticum, Clove Oleoresin, Clove Oil, Caryophyllus Aromaticus,



Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is an extract of the dried flower buds of theclove, Eugenia caryophyllus.
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract has been shown to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.


Combined testing approach to evaluate the antifungal efficiency of Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract for potential application in wood conservation
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is a well-known medicinal plant used for diarrhea, digestive disorders, or in antiseptics in Korea.
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is the main active ingredient of clove and has been chosen as a marker compound for the chemical evaluation or QC of clove.


Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/).
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is available throughout the year owing to different harvest seasons across various countries.
The clove tree is an evergreen that grows up to 8–12 metres (26–39 ft) tall, with large leaves and crimson flowers grouped in terminal clusters.


The flower buds initially have a pale hue, gradually turn green, then transition to a bright red when ready for harvest.
Cloves are harvested at 1.5–2 centimetres (5⁄8–3⁄4 in) long, and consist of a long calyx that terminates in four spreading sepals, and four unopened petals that form a small central ball.


Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract stalks are slender stems of the inflorescence axis that show opposite decussate branching.
Externally, they are brownish, rough, and irregularly wrinkled longitudinally with short fracture and dry, woody texture.
Mother cloves (anthophylli) are the ripe fruits of cloves that are ovoid, brown berries, unilocular and one-seeded.


Blown cloves are expanded flowers from which both corollae and stamens have been detached.
Exhausted Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract has most or all the oil removed by distillation.
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract yield no oil and are darker in color.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract may be used to inhibit mold growth on various types of foods.
In addition to these non-culinary uses of clove, Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract can be used to protect wood in a system for cultural heritage conservation, and showed the efficacy of clove essential oil to be higher than a boron-based wood preservative.


Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract can be used to make a fragrant pomander when combined with an orange.
When given as a gift in Victorian England, such a pomander indicated warmth of feeling
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is used in traditional medicine as an essential oil, which is used as an anodyne (analgesic) mainly for dental emergencies and other disorders.


There is evidence that Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract containing eugenol is effective for toothache pain and other types of pain, and one review reported the efficacy of eugenol combined with zinc oxide as an analgesic for alveolar osteitis.
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract may prevent the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria which is often present in a root canal treatment failure.


Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is used in the cuisine of Asian, African, Mediterranean, and the Near and Middle East countries, lending flavor to meats (such as baked ham), curries, and marinades, as well as fruit (such as apples, pears, and rhubarb).
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract may be used to give aromatic and flavor qualities to hot beverages, often combined with other ingredients such as lemon and sugar.


Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is a common element in spice blends (as part of the Malay rempah empat beradik –"four sibling spices"– besides cinnamon, cardamom and star anise for example), including pumpkin pie spice and speculaas spices.
In Mexican cuisine, Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is best known as clavos de olor, and often accompany cumin and cinnamon.


Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is also used in Peruvian cuisine, in a wide variety of dishes such as carapulcra and arroz con leche.
A major component of Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract's taste is imparted by the chemical eugenol, and the quantity of the spice required is typically small.


Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract pairs well with cinnamon, allspice, vanilla, red wine, basil, onion, citrus peel, star anise, and peppercorns.
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is native to the Maluku Islands, or Moluccas, in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring, or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics.


-Non-culinary uses of Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract:
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract is often added to betel quids to enhance aroma while chewing.
The spice is used in a type of cigarette called kretek in Indonesia.

Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract cigarettes were smoked throughout Europe, Asia, and the United States.
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract cigarettes are currently classified in the United States as cigars, the result of a ban on flavored cigarettes in September 2009.



WHAT DOES CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Astringent
*Masking
*Oral care
*Tonic



ETYMOLOGY OF CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
The word clove, first used in English in the 15th century, derives via Middle English clow of gilofer, Anglo-French clowes de gilofre and Old French clou de girofle, from the Latin word clavus "nail".
The related English word gillyflower, originally meaning "clove", derives via said Old French girofle and Latin caryophyllon, from the Greek karyophyllon "clove", literally "nut leaf".



HISTORY OF CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
Until the colonial era, Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract only grew on a few islands in the Moluccas (historically called the Spice Islands), including Bacan, Makian, Moti, Ternate, and Tidore.

Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract was first traded by the Austronesian peoples in the Austronesian maritime trade network (which began around 1500 BC, later becoming the Maritime Silk Road and part of the Spice Trade).
The first notable example of modern Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract farming developed on the east coast of Madagascar, and is cultivated in three separate ways, a monoculture, agricultural parklands, and agroforestry systems.

Archaeologist Giorgio Buccellati found Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract in Terqa, Syria, in a burned-down house which was dated to 1720 BC during the kingdom of Khana.
This was the first evidence of Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract being used in the west before Roman times.

The discovery was first reported in 1978.
They reached Rome by the first century AD.
Other archeological finds of Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllata) Extract include:

At the Batujaya site, a single clove was found in a waterlogged layer dating to between the 100s BC to 200s BC corresponding to the Buni culture phase of this site.
A study at the site of Óc Eo in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam found starch grains of cloves on stone implements used in food processing.

This site was occupied from the first to eighth century BC, and was a trading center for the kingdom of Funnan.
Two cloves were found during archaeological excavations at the Sri Lankan city of Mantai dated to around 900–1100 AD.
Cloves are mentioned in the Ramayana.

Cloves are also mentioned in the Charaka Samhita.
One of the earliest examples of literary evidence of cloves in China is from the book the Han Guan Yi (Etiquettes of the Officialdom of the Han Dynasty, dating to around 200 BC).

The book states a rule that ministers should suck cloves to sweeten their breath before speaking to the emperor.
From Chinese records during the Song Dynasty (960 to 1279 AD) cloves were primarily imported by private ventures, called Merchant Shipping Offices, who bought goods from middlemen in the Austronesian polities of Java, Srivijaya, Champa, and Butuan.
During the Yuan dynasty (1271 to 1368 AD) Chinese merchants began sending ships directly to the Moluccas to trade for cloves, and other spices



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
CAS Number: 84961-50-2
Chem/IUPAC Name: Eugenia Caryophyllus Flower Extract is the extract of the flowers of Clove, Eugenia caryophyllata, Myrtaceae
EINECS/ELINCS No: 284-638-7
COSING REF No: 76054
CAS Number: 84961-50-2
EC Number: 284-638-7
Appearance: Brownish-yellow to dark brown liquid or powder
Density: Approximately 1.0 - 1.1 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol and oils, slightly soluble in water
pH: Typically ranges from 5.0 to 6.0
Viscosity: Varies based on concentration
Extraction Method: Steam distillation or solvent extraction



FIRST AID MEASURES of CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA) EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

CMC (E466) cellulose is a water-soluble polymer.
As a solution in water, CMC (E466) has thixotropic properties.
CMC (E466) is useful in helping to hold the components of pyrotechnic compositions in aqucous suspension (e.g., in the making of black match).

CAS: 9004-32-4
MF: C6H7O2(OH)2CH2COONa
MW: 0
EINECS: 618-378-6

Synonyms
9004-32-4, sodium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;acetate, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (USP), Carboxymethylcellulose cellulose carboxymethyl ether, Celluvisc (TN), Carmellose sodium (JP17), CHEMBL242021, SCHEMBL25311455, C.M.C. (TN), CHEBI:31357, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (MW 250000), D01544, M.W. 700000(DS=0.9), 2500 - 4500mPa.s

CMC (E466) is also an especially effective binder that can be used in small amounts in compositions, where the binder can intcrfere with the intended effect (e.g., in strobe compositions).
However, CMC (E466)s sodium content obviously precludes its use in most color compositions.
CMC (E466) is manufactured from cellulose by various proccsses that replacc some of the hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl[OH] groups of the cellulose molecule with acidic carboxymethyl [-CH2CO.OH] groups，which are neutralized to form the corresponding sodium salt.
CMC (E466) is white when pure; industrial grade material may be grayish-white or cream granules or powder.
CMC (E466) is tackifier, at room temperature, it is non-toxic tasteless white flocculent powder, it is stable and soluble in water, aqueous solution is neutral or alkaline transparent viscous liquid, it is soluble in other water-soluble gums and resins, it is insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.
CMC (E466) is the substituted product of cellulosic carboxymethyl group.
According to their molecular weight or degree of substitution, CMC (E466) can be completely dissolved or insoluble polymer, the latter can be used as the weak acid cation of exchanger to separate neutral or basic proteins.

CMC (E466) can form highly viscous colloidal solution with adhesive, thickening, flowing, emulsifying, shaping, water, protective colloid, film forming, acid, salt, suspensions and other characteristics, and it is physiologically harmless, so it is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, oil, paper, textiles, construction and other areas of production.
A semisynthetic, water-soluble polymer in which CH2COOH groups are substituted on the glucose units of the cellulose chain through an ether linkage.
Mw ranges from 21,000 to 500,000.
Since the reaction occurs in an alkaline medium, the product is the sodium salt of the carboxylic acid R-O-CH2COONa.
CMC (E466) or cellulose gum is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.
CMC (E466) is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

CMC (E466) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 274 °C (dec.)
Density: 1,6 g/cm3
FEMA: 2239 | CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE
Storage temp.: room temp
Solubility: H2O: 20 mg/mL, soluble
Form: low viscosity
Pka: 4.30(at 25℃)
Color: White to light yellow
Odor: Odorless
PH Range 6.5 - 8.5
PH: pH (10g/l, 25℃) 6.0～8.0
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,1829
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (9004-32-4)

Uses
CMC (E466) is frequently called simply carboxymethyl cellulose and also known as cellulose gum.
CMC (E466) is derived from purified cellulose from cotton and wood pulp.
CMC (E466) is a water dispersible sodium salt of carboxy-methyl ether of cellulose that forms a clear colloidal solution.
CMC (E466) is a hygroscopic material that has the ability to absorb more than 50% of water at high humidity.
CMC (E466) is also a natural polymeric derivative that can be used in detergents, food and textile industries.
CMC (E466) is one of the most important products of cellulose ethers, which are formed by natural cellulose modification as a kind of cellulose derivate with an ether structure.
Due to the fact that the acid form of CMC has poor water solubility, it is usually preserved as CMC (E466), which is widely used in many industries and regarded as monosodium glutamate in industry.
CMC (E466) is used in cigarette adhesive, fabric sizing, footwear paste meal, home slimy.
CMC (E466) is used in interior painting architectural, building lines melamine, thickening mortar, concrete enhancement.
CMC (E466) is used in refractory fiber, ceramic production molding bond. It is used in oil drilling, exploration address slurry thickening, reducing water loss, quality paper surface sizing.
CMC (E466) can be used as soap and washing powder detergent active additives, as well as other industrial production on the dispersion, emulsification, stability, suspension, film, paper, polishing and the like.
Quality product can be used for toothpaste, medicine, food and other industrial sectors.

CMC (E466) is a thickener, binder, and emulsifier equivalent to cellulose fiber.
CMC (E466) is resistant to bacterial decomposition and provides a product with uniform viscosity.
CMC (E466) can prevent skin moisture loss by forming a film on the skin’s surface, and also help mask odor in a cosmetic product.
Constituents are any of several fibrous substances consisting of the chief part of a plant’s cell walls (often extracted from wood pulp or cotton).
In drilling muds, in detergents as a soil-suspending agent, in resin emulsion paints, adhesives, printing inks, textile sizes, as protective colloid in general. As stabilizer in foods.
Pharmaceutic aid (suspending agent; tablet excipient; viscosity-increasing agent).
CMC (E466) is used in drilling muds, in detergents as a soil-suspending agent, in resin emulsion paints, adhesives, printing inks, textile sizes and protective colloid.
CMC (E466) acts as a stabilizer in foods.
CMC (E466) is also employed in pharmaceuticals as a suspending agent and excipients for tablets.
CMC (E466) is used as viscosity modifiers to stabilize the emulsions. It is used as a lubricant in artificial tears and it is used to characterize enzyme activity from endoglucanases.

Detergent Grade CMC (E466) is a cornerstone ingredient in modern cleaning products.
CMC (E466) stands out for its superior thickening and stabilizing properties, enhancing the texture and efficiency of detergents.
CMC (E466) plays a pivotal role in improving soil suspension and preventing redeposition, making it essential for high-performance laundry and dishwashing detergents.
With a tailored viscosity range, CMC (E466) ensures detergents maintain optimal consistency, crucial for both liquid and powder formulas.
CMC (E466)s compatibility with diverse detergent ingredients, including surfactants and builders, allows for versatile applications.
Laundry Detergents: Incorporate 5% CMC (E466) to improve soil suspension and fabric care.
Blend with surfactants, builders, and fragrance.
This formulation ensures efficient cleaning and fabric protection, making laundry detergents more effective.
Dishwashing Liquids: Use 3% CMC (E466) for enhanced grease removal and suds stability.
Combine with cleaning agents and scents.
This mix results in a powerful dishwashing liquid that cuts through grease and leaves dishes spotless.

Powdered Detergents: Add 4% CMC (E466) to prevent caking and ensure smooth texture.
Mix with cleaning agents, brighteners, and fragrance.
This formulation keeps powdered detergents free-flowing and effective.
Hand Washes: Blend 2% CMC (E466) for a luxurious, moisturizing feel. Include cleansing agents and essential oils.
This composition creates hand washes that clean effectively while being gentle on the skin.
Surface Cleaners: Incorporate 1.5% CMC (E466) to enhance cleaning power and leave a streak-free finish.
Mix with disinfectants and fragrances.
This formula is ideal for multi-surface cleaners that effectively clean and freshen surfaces.
Car Wash Solutions: Use 2% CMC (E466) to remove tough dirt and grime.
Combine with cleaning agents and wax for shine.
This formulation results in a car wash solution that cleans effectively without damaging the vehicle’s finish.
Fabric Softeners: Add 3% CMC (E466) to fabric softeners for improved texture and fabric conditioning.
Blend with softening agents and scents.
This formula makes fabrics feel soft and smell fresh.
Toilet Bowl Cleaners: Incorporate 2% CMC (E466) for enhanced cling to bowl surfaces.
Mix with disinfectants and cleaning agents.
This formula ensures a thorough clean and lasting freshness in toilet bowl cleaners.

Textile Grade CMC (E466) is an essential component in the textile industry, widely used for its diverse applications.
Primarily, CMC (E466)’s employed as a thickening agent in textile printing, constituting about 2-3% of printing pastes, to achieve sharp, clear designs.
In dyeing processes, CMC (E466), at a concentration of 1-2%, aids in uniform dye dispersion and fixation, ensuring vibrant and consistent colors.
CMC (E466)’s also used in fabric finishing, at about 0.5-1%, to enhance fabric hand feel and texture.
Additionally, CMC serves as a binding agent in non-woven fabrics, contributing to the strength and stability of the material.
In sizing applications, about 1-3% of CMC (E466) is used to protect yarns during weaving, reducing breakages.
The product’s role in fabric softening and conditioning is pivotal, improving the overall quality and wearability of textiles.
Textile Printing: Mix 3% CMC (E466) to create thickened printing pastes, ensuring precise and vibrant prints on fabrics. Blend with dyes and water to achieve desired consistency.
This application results in sharp, clear textile designs that are visually appealing.
Fabric Dyeing: Use 2% CMC (E466) for even dye distribution and improved color fixation in fabric dyeing.
Combine with fabric dyes and water, ensuring uniform application.
This leads to consistently colored fabrics with long-lasting hues.
Fabric Finishing: Incorporate 1% CMC (E466) in finishing solutions to enhance fabric feel and appearance.
Mix with finishing agents and apply to textiles.
This application gives fabrics a soft, luxurious texture and improves wear resistance.
Yarn Sizing: Apply 3% CMC in sizing mixtures to protect yarn during weaving.
Blend with starches and size mixtures, enhancing yarn strength and reducing breakages in the loom.
This ensures smoother weaving and higher-quality textiles.
Non-Woven Fabric Production: Use 2% CMC (E466) as a binder in non-woven fabrics for increased strength and stability. Combine with fibrous materials, creating durable and cohesive non-woven textiles used in various applications.

Synthesis
CMC (E466) is formed when cellulose reacts with mono chloroacetic acid or its sodium salt under alkaline condition with presence of organic solvent, hydroxyl groups substituted by Sodium carboxymethyl groups in C2, C3 and C6 of glucose, which substitution slightly prevails at C2 position.
Generally, there are two steps in manufacturing process of CMC (E466), alkalinization and etherification.
Step 1: Alkalinization
Disperse the raw material cellulose pulp in alkali solution (generally sodium hydroxide, 5–50%) to obtain alkali cellulose.
Cell-OH+NaOH →Cell·O-Na+ +H2O
Step 2: Etherification
Etherification of alkali cellulose with sodium monochloroacetate (up to 30%) in an alcohol-water medium.
The mixture of alkali cellulose and reagent is heated (50–75°C) and stirred during the process.
ClCH2COOH+NaOH→ClCH2COONa+H2O
Cell·O-Na+ +ClCH2COO- →Cell-OCH2COO-Na
The DS of the CMC (E466) can be controlled by the reaction conditions and use of organic solvents (such as isopropanol).

Pharmaceutical Applications
CMC (E466) is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, an anionic derivative.
CMC (E466) is widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, primarily for its viscosity-increasing properties.
Viscous aqueous solutions are used to suspend powders intended for either topical application or oral and parenteral administration.
CMC (E466) may also be used as a tablet binder and disintegrant, and to stabilize emulsions.
Higher concentrations, usually 3–6%, of the medium-viscosity grade are used to produce gels that can be used as the Base for applications and pastes; glycols are often included in such gels to prevent them drying out.
CMC (E466) is also used in self-adhesive ostomy, wound care, and dermatological patches as a muco-adhesive and to absorb wound exudate or transepidermal water and sweat.
CMC (E466) is used in products designed to prevent post-surgical tissue adhesions; and to localize and modify the release kinetics of active ingredients applied to mucous membranes; and for bone repair. Encapsulation with carboxymethylcellulose sodium can affect drug protection and delivery.
There have also been reports of CMC (E466)'s use as a cyto-protective agent.
CMC (E466) is also used in cosmetics, toiletries, surgical prosthetics, and incontinence, personal hygiene, and food products.

Production Methods
CMC (E466) is prepared by steeping cellulose obtained from wood pulp or cotton fibers in sodium hydroxide solution.
The alkaline cellulose is then reacted with sodium monochloroacetate to produce carboxymethylcellulose sodium.
Sodium chloride and sodium glycolate are obtained as by-products of this etherification.

CMC Powder (E466), also known as Carboxymethyl cellulose (E466), is a cellulose derivative commonly used as a food additive.
CMC Powder (E466) is a white, odorless, tasteless, and water-soluble powder that is derived from cellulose, which is a natural polymer found in the cell walls of plants.
CMC Powder (E466) is obtained by chemically modifying cellulose through the introduction of carboxymethyl groups.

CAS Number: 9004-32-4
Molecular Formula: C6H7O2(OH)2CH2COONa
EINECS Number: 618-378-6

9004-32-4, CMC powder, Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Cellulose Gum, E466, Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose.

CMC Powder (E466) is a water-soluble polymer.
As a solution in water, CMC Powder (E466) has thixotropic properties.
CMC Powder (E466) is useful in helping to hold the components of pyrotechnic compositions in aqucous suspension (e.g., in the making of black match).

CMC Powder (E466) is also an especially effective binder that can be used in small amounts in compositions, where the binder can intcrfere with the intended effect (e.g., in strobe compositions).
However, CMC Powder (E466) is sodium content obviously precludes its use in most color compositions.
CMC Powder (E466) is manufactured from cellulose by various proccsses that replacc some of the hy drogen atoms in the hydroxyl[OH] groups of the cellulose molecule with acidic carboxymethyl [-CH2CO.OH] groups，which are neutralized to form the corresponding sodium salt.

CMC Powder (E466) is white when pure; industrial grade material may be grayish-white or cream granules or powder.
CMC Powder (E466) is tackifier, at room temperature, it is non-toxic tasteless white flocculent powder, it is stable and soluble in water, aqueous solution is neutral or alkaline transparent viscous liquid, it is soluble in other water-soluble gums and resins, it is insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.
CMC Powder (E466) is the substituted product of cellulosic carboxymethyl group.

According to their molecular weight or degree of substitution, CMC Powder (E466) can be completely dissolved or insoluble polymer, the latter can be used as the weak acid cation of exchanger to separate neutral or basic proteins.
CMC Powder (E466) can form highly viscous colloidal solution with adhesive, thickening, flowing, emulsifying, shaping, water, protective colloid, film forming, acid, salt, suspensions and other characteristics, and it is physiologically harmless, so it is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, oil, paper, textiles, construction and other areas of production.
CMC Powder (E466) belongs to the class of anionic linear structured cellulose.

CMC Powder (E466) is components consist of polysaccharide composed of fibrous tissues of plants.
CMC Powder (E466) is a water soluble polymer which can be used as a polyelectrolyte cellulose derivative.
CMC Powder (E466) appears as a non-toxic and odorless white or slightly yellow flocculent fiber powder.

CMC Powder (E466) is easily soluble in water.
CMC Powder (E466) is aqueous solution is neutral or slightly alkaline and has the functions of thickening, emulsification, film formation, moisture retention, etc. effect.
Widely used in textile, petroleum, food, papermaking, printing and dyeing, construction.

CMC Powder (E466) is an anionic, linear, water-soluble cellulose ether. Its aqueous solution has the functions of thickening, film-forming, adhesion, moisture retention, colloid protection, emulsification and suspension.
As flocculants, emulsifiers, thickeners, water retaining agents, sizing agents, film-forming materials, etc., it is widely used in food, electronics, pesticides, leather, plastics, printing, ceramics, daily chemicals and other fields.
CMC Powder (E466) has a variety of functions in foods such as thickening, suspension, emulsification, stabilization, shape retention, film formation, expansion, preservation, acid resistance and health care.

CMC Powder (E466) can replace guar gum, gelatin, The role of agar, sodium alginate and pectin in food production is widely used in modern food industry, such as lactobacillus drinks, fruit milk, ice cream, sherbet, gelatin, soft candy, jelly, bread, fillings, pancakes , Cold products, solid beverages, condiments, biscuits, instant noodles, meat products, paste, biscuits, gluten-free bread, gluten-free pasta, etc.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in food, it can improve the taste, improve the grade and quality of the product, and extend the shelf life.
CMC Powder (E466) stands for Carboxymethylcellulose and is added to fondant icing in order to make it easier to work and model with and makes it dry quicker.

CMC Powder (E466) is the partial sodium salt of a carboxymethylether of cellulose, the cellulose being obtained directly from natural strains of fibrous plant material.
CMC Powder (E466) or cellulose gum is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.
CMC Powder (E466) is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

CMC Powder (E466) used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a registered trademark of SE Tylose.
CMC Powder (E466), also known as carboxymethylcellulose, is essentially a thickening agent used in all kinds of food products.
Many low fat products and those marketed as diet products contain food additives like cellulose gum to give the food a thicker and creamier consistency, making it more appealing to buyers.

CMC Powder (E466) may also help extend the shelf-life of certain foods and fruits.
CMC Powder (E466) is widely used in the ice cream industry, to make ice creams without churning or extremely low temperatures, thereby eliminating the need for the conventional churners or salt ice mixes.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in baking breads and cakes.

The use of CMC Powder (E466) gives the loaf an improved quality at a reduced cost, by reducing the need of fat.
CMC Powder (E466) is also used as an emulsifier in high quality biscuits.
By dispersing fat uniformly in the dough, CMC Powder (E466) improves the release of the dough from the moulds and cutters, achieving well-shaped biscuits without any distorted edges.

CMC Powder (E466) can also help to reduce the amount of egg yolk or fat used in making the biscuits.
Use of CMC Powder (E466) in candy preparation ensures smooth dispersion in flavour oils, and improves texture and quality.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in chewing gums, margarines and peanut butter as an emulsifie

CMC Powder (E466) is synthesized by the alkali-catalyzed reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid.
The polar (organic acid) carboxyl groups render the cellulose soluble and chemically reactive.
Fabrics made of cellulose—e.g. cotton or viscose rayon—may also be converted into CMC Powder (E466).

Following the initial reaction, the resultant mixture produces approximately 60% CMC Powder (E466) and 40% salts (sodium chloride and sodium glycolate).
This product, called technical CMC Powder (E466), is used in detergents.
An additional purification process is used to remove salts to produce pure CMC Powder (E466), which is used for food and pharmaceutical applications.

An intermediate "semi-purified" grade is also produced, typically used in paper applications such as the restoration of archival documents.
CMC Powder (E466) is an odourless, tasteless white or milk-white fibrous powder that is sometimes referred to as Cellulose Gum.
CMC Powder (E466) is used as a thickener, coating agent and natural food adhesive.

When fully dissolved in water, CMC Powder (E466) forms a viscous consistency depending on the amount of water added.
The resulting gel is completely stable to heat, weak alkalis or acids and microorganisms.
CMC Powder (E466) is favoured because it has a high viscosity, is non-toxic and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic.

CMC Powder (E466) also has good compatibility with other kinds of water-soluble glues, softeners and resin.
For example, CMC Powder (E466) is compatible with animal glues, dimethoxy dimethylurea gel, Arabic gum, pectin, tragacanth gum, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, invert sugar, soluble starch and sodium alginate.
CMC Powder (E466)is obtained by chemical modification of natural fiber.

CMC Powder (E466) is a water-soluble cellulose ether, odorless, tasteless, and non-toxic with white/off-white powder or granular.
CMC Powder (E466) can dissolve in water easily and transfer into colloidal solution but cannot dissolve in ethanol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents.
CMC Powder (E466) has some excellent properties in terms of thickening, water retention, dispersing stability and so on.

CMC Powder (E466) can be widely used as thickener, water-holding agent, adhesive, emulsifier, disintegrate and biological carrier etc..
CMC Powder (E466) is one kind of health and environmental additive.
CMC Powder (E466) is water-soluble and used in the food industry, either alone, or in combination with other hydrocolloids as a thickening and stabilising agent and to bind free water.

Example applications include beverages, cheese, ice cream, sauces, baked goods and frozen desserts.
CMC Powder (E466) can also be used to improve mouthfeel in powdered beverages.
CMC Powder (E466) also finds use in applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and chemical industries, for example, CMC is used as a tablet binder and can be found in toothpaste and drilling muds.

CMC Powder (E466) or cellulose gum is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.
CMC Powder (E466) is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
CMC Powder (E466) used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a registered trademark of SE Tylose.

CMC Powder (E466) is white or yellowish powder that is odorless ,tasteless and non-toxic.
CMC Powder (E466) has high hygroscopicity and is soluble in water to form a thick liquid.
CMC Powder (E466) is a polyanionic electrolyte and not fermented.

CMC Powder (E466) has good heat-stability.
CMC Powder (E466) is a strong emulsifier for fat and oil.
In the food industry, CMC Powder (E466) is utilized for its ability to function as a thickener, stabilizer, and texturizer.

CMC Powder (E466) is often added to a variety of food products, including baked goods, dairy products, dressings, sauces, and beverages, to improve their texture, viscosity, and overall stability.
CMC Powder (E466) is also used in other industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the production of paper and textiles, due to its versatile properties.
CMC Powder (E466) helps enhance the viscosity and binding characteristics of various formulations.

CMC Powder (E466) is a cellulose derivative that consists of the cellulose backbone made up of glucopyranose monomers and their hydroxyl groups bound to carboxymethyl groups.
CMC Powder (E466) is added in food products as a viscosity modifier or thickener and emulsifier.
CMC Powder (E466) is also one of the most common viscous polymers used in artificial tears, and has shown to be effective in the treatment of aqueous tear-deficient dry eye symptoms and ocular surface staining.

The viscous and mucoadhesive properties as well as its anionic charge allow prolonged retention time in the ocular surface.
CMC Powder (E466) is the most commonly used salt.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in food under the E number E466 or E469 (when it is enzymatically hydrolyzed) as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilize emulsions in various products including ice cream.

CMC Powder (E466) is also a constituent of many non-food products, such as toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing, reusable heat packs, various paper products, and also in leather crafting to help burnish the edges.
CMC Powder (E466) is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or cotton linter.
CMC Powder (E466) is used extensively in gluten free and reduced fat food products.

In laundry detergents, CMC Powder (E466) is used as a soil suspension polymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, creating a negatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution.
In ophthalmology, CMC Powder (E466) is used as a lubricant in artificial tears to treat dry eyes.
Extensive treatment may be required to treat severe dry eye syndrome or Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

CMC Powder (E466) is also used as a thickening agent, for example, in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of drilling mud, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.
CMC Powder (E466) for example, is used as a negative control agent for alopecia in rabbits.
CMC Powder (E466) is a kind of cellulose ether, that can easily be soluble in cold and hot water, with maximum yield, most widely and conveniently used among all cellulose products.

The main raw material of CMC Powder (E466) is refined cotton and wood pulp.
CMC Powder (E466) is mostly used in the food industry with a common dosage of 0.2%-0.5%.
Compared with other similar hydrocolloids, food-grade CMC Powder (E466) is featured strong acid resistance, high salt resistance and good transparency, with very few free fibers, fast dissolving and good fluidity after dissolving.

CMC Powder (E466) or cellulose gum is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.
CMC Powder (E466) is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
CMC Powder (E466) is a white to light yellow powder, granular or fibrous substance.

CMC Powder (E466) is highly hygroscopic and easily soluble in water.
When it is neutral or alkaline, the solution is a high viscosity liquid.

CMC Powder (E466) is insoluble in acid and alcohol, and does not precipitate when exposed to salt.
CMC Powder (E466) is not easy to ferment, has great emulsifying power to oil and wax, and can be stored for a long time.

Melting point: 274 °C (dec.)
Density: 1,6 g/cm3
FEMA. 2239 | CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: H2O: 20 mg/mL, soluble
form: low viscosity
pka: 4.30(at 25℃)
color: White to light yellow
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 6.5 - 8.5
PH: pH (10g/l, 25℃) 6.0～8.0

Alkali cellulose is prepared by steeping cellulose obtained from wood pulp or cotton fibers in sodium hydroxide solution.
The alkaline cellulose is then reacted with CMC Powder (E466) to produce carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Sodium chloride and sodium glycolate are obtained as by-products of this etherification.
CMC Powder (E466) is incompatible with strongly acidic solutions and with the soluble salts of iron and some other metals, such as aluminum, mercury, and zinc.

CMC Powder (E466) is also incompatible with xanthan gum. Precipitation may occur at pH < 2, and also when it is mixed with ethanol (95%).
CMC Powder (E466) forms complex coacervates with gelatin and pectin.
CMC Powder (E466) also forms a complex with collagen and is capable of precipitating certain positively charged proteins.

CMC Powder (E466) is available in a number of different grades.
They are all soluble in water at any temperature although, as with other hydrocolloids, the powder has a tendency to form lumps or fish-eyes when in contact with water.
There are a number of precautions that can be taken to prevent this; many manufacturers will offer different powder granule sizes, citing the ease of dispersing larger granules.

CMC Powder (E466) or cellulose gum is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.
CMC Powder (E466) is often used as its sodium salt, sodium E466 (Carboxymethylcellulose).
CMC Powder (E466) is used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a registered trademark of SE Tylose.

CMC Powder (E466) is synthesized by the alkali-catalyzed reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid.
The polar (organic acid) carboxyl groups render the cellulose soluble and chemically reactive.
Following the initial reaction, the resultant mixture produces approximately 60% CMC and 40% salts (sodium chloride and sodium glycolate).

CMC Powder (E466) is the so-called technical CMC, which is used in detergents.
An additional purification process is used to remove these salts to produce the pure CMC used for alimentary and pharmaceutical applications.
CMC Powder (E466) is often used to increase the viscosity of liquid food products, giving them a smoother and more stable texture.

CMC Powder (E466) helps prevent ingredients from separating or settling out in certain food and beverage products.
CMC Powder (E466) is effective in suspending solid particles in liquids, preventing them from settling to the bottom.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in baking to improve the texture of dough, enhance moisture retention, and increase the volume of baked goods.

CMC Powder (E466) is used in ice creams, yogurt, and other dairy products to improve creaminess and prevent ice crystal formation.
CMC Powder (E466) helps maintain the stability and texture of sauces, dressings, and gravies.
CMC Powder (E466) is employed in some beverages to provide thickness and prevent sedimentation.

CMC Powder (E466) is water-soluble and hydrates quickly, forming a gel-like substance in water.
This property contributes to its effectiveness as a thickening agent.
CMC Powder (E466) is generally considered safe when used in accordance with regulatory guidelines.

CMC Powder (E466) has been extensively studied, and its safety has been assessed by various food safety authorities.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a binder, disintegrant, and thickening agent in tablet and liquid formulations.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in cosmetic products such as creams and lotions to provide viscosity and stability.

The use of CMC Powder (E466) as a food additive is regulated by food safety authorities, and it is assigned an E number (E466) in the European Union, indicating its approval for use as a food additive.
An intermediate "semipurified" grade is also produced, typically used in paper applications such as restoration of archival documents.
The functional properties of CMC Powder (E466) depend on the degree of substitution of the cellulose structure (i.e., how many of the hydroxyl groups have taken part in the substitution reaction), as well as the chain length of the cellulose backbone structure and the degree of clustering of the carboxymethyl substituents.

CMC Powder (E466) is low viscosity cellulose gum.
CMC Powder (E466) is superior water retention properties for baking applications.
CMC Powder (E466) controls texture and ice crystal growth in frozen dairy products.

CMC Powder (E466) improves moisture retention in low calorie foods.
CMC Powder (E466) is cold/hot soluble, non-gelling.
CMC Powder (E466) is sometimes used as an electrode binder in advanced battery applications (i.e. lithium ion batteries), especially with graphite anodes.

CMC Powder (E466)'s water solubility allows for less toxic and costly processing than with non-water-soluble binders, like the traditional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which requires toxic n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) for processing.
CMC Powder (E466) is often used in conjunction with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) for electrodes requiring extra flexibility, e.g. for use with siliconcontaining anodes.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in drilling muds, detergents, resin emulsion paints, adhesives, printing inks, and textile sizes.

CMC Powder (E466) is also used as a protective colloid, a stabilizer for foods, and a pharmaceutical additive.
CMC Powder (E466) is used as a bulk laxative, emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and stabilizer for reagents.
CMC Powder (E466) formerly registered in the US for use as an insecticide for ornamentals and flowering plants.

Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
CMC Powder (E466) is used as an anticaking agent, drying agent, emulsifier, formulation aid, humectant, stabilizer or thickener, and texturizer in foods.
CMC Powder (E466) is white powder or granular with no odor.

CMC Powder (E466) is water solution ablity depends on degree of substitution.
CMC Powder (E466) thickener is tasteless and can be soluble in hot or cold water forming highly-pseudoplastic solutions.
CMC Powder (E466) is anionic and insoluble in most organic solvents.

Sinofi CMC Powder (E466) is inspected by SGS prior to shipment. Combined with the advanced production process this gives you the assurance you need when purchasing Carboxymethyl Cellulose Gum at a low CMC powder price.
CMC Powder (E466) is an essential component in the textile industry, widely used for its diverse applications.
Primarily, it’s employed as a thickening agent in textile printing, constituting about 2-3% of printing pastes, to achieve sharp, clear designs.

In dyeing processes, CMC Powder (E466), at a concentration of 1-2%, aids in uniform dye dispersion and fixation, ensuring vibrant and consistent colors.
CMC Powder (E466)’s also used in fabric finishing, at about 0.5-1%, to enhance fabric hand feel and texture.
Additionally, CMC Powder (E466) serves as a binding agent in non-woven fabrics, contributing to the strength and stability of the material.

In sizing applications, about 1-3% of CMC Powder (E466) is used to protect yarns during weaving, reducing breakages.
The product’s role in fabric softening and conditioning is pivotal, improving the overall quality and wearability of textiles.
CMC Powder (E466) or cellulose gum or tylose powder is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups --CH2-COOH- bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.

CMC Powder (E466) is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
CMC Powder (E466) are the formation of high-viscosity colloids, solutions, adhesion, thickening, flow, emulsification and dispersion, shaping, water retention, protective colloids, film forming, acid resistance, salt resistance, suspension and other characteristics, and are physiologically harmless.
Therefore, CMC Powder (E466) is widely used in the production of food, medicine, daily chemical, petroleum, paper, textile, construction and other fields.

Synthesis:
CMC Powder (E466) is formed when cellulose reacts with mono chloroacetic acid or its sodium salt under alkaline condition with presence of organic solvent, hydroxyl groups substituted by Sodium carboxymethyl groups in C2, C3 and C6 of glucose, which substitution slightly prevails at C2 position.
Generally, there are two steps in manufacturing process of CMC Powder (E466), alkalinization and etherification.

Step 1: Alkalinization
Disperse the raw material cellulose pulp in alkali solution (generally sodium hydroxide, 5–50%) to obtain alkali cellulose.
Cell-OH+NaOH →Cell·O-Na+ +H2O

Step 2: Etherification
Etherification of alkali cellulose with sodium monochloroacetate (up to 30%) in an alcohol-water medium.
The mixture of alkali cellulose and reagent is heated (50–75°C) and stirred during the process.

Uses:
CMC Powder (E466) is frequently called simply carboxymethyl cellulose and also known as cellulose gum.
CMC Powder (E466) is derived from purified cellulose from cotton and wood pulp.
CMC Powder (E466) is a water dispersible sodium salt of carboxy-methyl ether of cellulose that forms a clear colloidal solution.

CMC Powder (E466) is a hygroscopic material that has the ability to absorb more than 50% of water at high humidity.
CMC Powder (E466) is also a natural polymeric derivative that can be used in detergents, food and textile industries.
CMC Powder (E466) is one of the most important products of cellulose ethers, which are formed by natural cellulose modification as a kind of cellulose derivate with an ether structure.

Due to the fact that the acid form of CMC Powder (E466) has poor water solubility, it is usually preserved as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, which is widely used in many industries and regarded as monosodium glutamate in industry.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in cigarette adhesive, fabric sizing, footwear paste meal, home slimy.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in interior painting architectural, building lines melamine, thickening mortar, concrete enhancement.

CMC Powder (E466) is used in refractory fiber, ceramic production molding bond.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in oil drilling, exploration address slurry thickening, reducing water loss, quality paper surface sizing.
CMC Powder (E466) can be used as soap and washing powder detergent active additives, as well as other industrial production on the dispersion, emulsification, stability, suspension, film, paper, polishing and the like.

CMC Powder (E466) can be used for toothpaste, medicine, food and other industrial sectors.
Use warm water or cold water when preparing the solution, and stir till it completely melts.
The amout of added water depends on variety and the use of multiple requirements.

High viscosity CMC Powder (E466) is a white or slightly yellow fibrous powder, hygroscopic, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, easy to ferment, insoluble in acids, alcohols and organic solvents, easily dispersed to form colloidal solution in water.
CMC Powder (E466) is reacted by the acid and fibrous cotton, it is mainly used for water-based drilling fluids tackifier, it has certain role of fluid loss, it has strong salt and temperature resistance especially.
CMC Powder (E466) is a thickener, binder, and emulsifier equivalent to cellulose fiber.

CMC Powder (E466) is resistant to bacterial decomposition and provides a product with uniform viscosity.
CMC Powder (E466) can prevent skin moisture loss by forming a film on the skin’s surface, and also help mask odor in a cosmetic product.
Constituents are any of several fibrous substances consisting of the chief part of a plant’s cell walls (often extracted from wood pulp or cotton).

CMC Powder (E466) is used in drilling muds, in detergents as a soil-suspending agent, in resin emulsion paints, adhesives, printing inks, textile sizes and protective colloid.
CMC Powder (E466) acts as a stabilizer in foods.
CMC Powder (E466) is also employed in pharmaceuticals as a suspending agent and excipients for tablets.

CMC Powder (E466) is used as viscosity modifiers to stabilize the emulsions.
CMC Powder (E466) is used as a lubricant in artificial tears and it is used to characterize enzyme activity from endoglucanases.
CMC Powder (E466) is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, an anionic derivative.

CMC Powder (E466) is widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, primarily for its viscosity-increasing properties.
Viscous aqueous solutions are used to suspend powders intended for either topical application or oral and parenteral administration.
CMC Powder (E466) may also be used as a tablet binder and disintegrant, and to stabilize emulsions.

Higher concentrations, usually 3–6%, of the medium-viscosity grade are used to produce gels that can be used as the base for applications and pastes; glycols are often included in such gels to prevent them drying out.
CMC Powder (E466) is also used in self-adhesive ostomy, wound care, and dermatological patches as a muco-adhesive and to absorb wound exudate or transepidermal water and sweat.
This muco-adhesive property is used in products designed to prevent post-surgical tissue adhesions; and to localize and modify the release kinetics of active ingredients applied to mucous membranes; and for bone repair.

Encapsulation with carboxymethylcellulose sodium can affect drug protection and delivery.
There have also been reports of its use as a cyto-protective agent.
CMC Powder (E466) is also used in cosmetics, toiletries, surgical prosthetics, and incontinence, personal hygiene, and food products.

CMC Powder (E466) is used in a variety of applications ranging from food production to medical treatments.
CMC Powder (E466) is commonly used as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilize emulsions in various products, both food and non-food.
CMC Powder (E466) is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic, as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or cotton linter.

Non-food products include products such as toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing, reusable heat packs, various paper products, filtration materials, synthetic membranes, wound healing applications, and also in leather crafting to help burnish edges.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in food under the E number E466 or E469 (when it is enzymatically hydrolyzed), as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilize emulsions in various products, including ice cream.

CMC Powder (E466) is also used extensively in gluten-free and reduced-fat food products.
CMC Powder (E466) not only prevents dehydration and shrinkage of the product but also contributes to a more airy structure.
When combined with gelatin, it can significantly increase the viscosity of the gelatin. A high molecular weight CMC (DS around 1.0) should be selected.

CMC Powder (E466) has a lower viscosity at higher temperatures, and the viscosity increases upon cooling, which is conducive to the improvement of the expansion rate of the product and facilitates operation.
CMC Powder (E466) is advisable to use CMC with a viscosity of 250~260 mPa·s (DS around 0.6), and the reference dosage should be less than 0.4%.
CMC Powder (E466) is a versatile ingredient used in over 50% of cosmetic products for its exceptional properties.

As a thickening agent, CMC Powder (E466)’s crucial in formulations where viscosity needs to be precisely controlled, commonly found in 30-40% of skincare products.
In hair care, about 25% of shampoos and conditioners utilize CMC for its conditioning and detangling effects.
CMC Powder (E466)’s also a staple in makeup, contributing to the texture and stability of around 20% of foundations and mascaras.

In toothpaste, making up approximately 15% of the market, CMC Powder (E466) enhances texture and consistency.
CMC Powder (E466) is moisture retention properties are vital in 35% of moisturizers and lotions, ensuring skin hydration.
Moreover, CMC Powder (E466) serves as a film-forming agent in approximately 10% of sunscreens, improving application and wear.

These diverse applications underscore CMC’s critical role in enhancing the quality and performance of cosmetic products.
This emulsion serves as an excellent and stable cosmetic product.
CMC Powder (E466) is widely used in the ice cream industry, to make ice creams without churning or extremely low temperatures, thereby eliminating the need for conventional churners or salt ice mixes.

CMC Powder (E466) is used in baking breads and cakes. The use of CMC gives the loaf an improved quality at a reduced cost, by reducing the need of fat.
CMC Powder (E466) is also used as an emulsifier in biscuits.
By dispersing fat uniformly in the dough, it improves the release of the dough from the moulds and cutters, achieving well-shaped biscuits without any distorted edges.

CMC Powder (E466) can also help to reduce the amount of egg yolk or fat used in making the biscuits.
Use of CMC Powder (E466) in candy preparation ensures smooth dispersion in flavor oils, and improves texture and quality.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in chewing gums, margarines and peanut butter as an emulsifier.

Insoluble CMC Powder (E466) can be used in the purification of proteins, particularly in the form of charged filtration membranes or as granules in cation-exchange resins for ion-exchange chromatography.
CMC Powder (E466) is low solubility is a result of a lower DS value (the number of carboxymethyl groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose chain) compared to soluble CMC.
CMC Powder (E466) offers physical properties similar to insoluble cellulose, while the negatively charged carboxylate groups allow it to bind to positively charged proteins.

Insoluble CMC Powder (E466) can also be chemically cross-linked to enhance the mechanical strength of the material.
Moreover, CMC Powder (E466) has been used extensively to characterize enzyme activity from endoglucanases (part of the cellulase complex); it is a highly specific substrate for endo-acting cellulases, as its structure has been engineered to decrystallize cellulose and create amorphous sites that are ideal for endoglucanase action.
CMC Powder (E466) is desirable because the catalysis product (glucose) is easily measured using a reducing sugar assay, such as 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid.

Using CMC Powder (E466) in enzyme assays is especially important in screening for cellulase enzymes that are needed for more efficient cellulosic ethanol conversion.
CMC Powder (E466) was misused in early work with cellulase enzymes, as many had associated whole cellulase activity with CMC hydrolysis.
As the mechanism of cellulose depolymerization became better understood, it became clear that exo-cellulases are dominant in the degradation of crystalline (e.g. Avicel) and not soluble (e.g. CMC) cellulose.

CMC Powder (E466) is used in the mining industry as a thickener in mineral processing to improve the separation of valuable minerals from ore.
In the ceramics industry, CMC Powder (E466) is utilized as a binder and rheology modifier in the preparation of ceramic pastes and glazes.
CMC Powder (E466) can be found in construction materials, such as cement-based mortars, as a thickening agent and water retention aid.

CMC Powder (E466) is used in the production of lead-acid batteries to control the viscosity of the electrolyte.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in the production of photographic emulsions to improve coating properties.
CMC Powder (E466) is included in some air fresheners and insecticide formulations to control the viscosity and improve spray characteristics.

In the oil and gas sector, CMC Powder (E466) is used in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) fluids to control viscosity and suspend proppant particles.
CMC Powder (E466) is added to firefighting foams to improve stability and enhance the foam's effectiveness.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in textile printing pastes to control viscosity and improve the printing process.

In biomedical research, CMC Powder (E466) is used as a component in cell culture media and as a thickening agent in certain medical formulations.
CMC Powder (E466) is used to improve the edible quality of pasta such as bread and steamed bread, extend the shelf life of pasta products, and enhance the taste;
Because CMC Powder (E466) has a certain gel effect, it is conducive to better gel formation of food, so it can be used to make jellies and jams;

CMC Powder (E466) can also be used as an edible coating material, used in combination with other thickeners, and smeared on the surface of some foods to maximize the preservation of food.
In laundry detergents, it is used as a soil suspension polymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, creating a negatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution.
CMC Powder (E466) is also used as a thickening agent, for example, in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of drilling mud, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.

CMC Powder (E466) is often used in foods and beverages to make foods thick and creamy to attract the appetite of customers.
CMC Powder (E466) thickens and stabilizes a lot of foods by retaining moisture, keeping oil and water phased ingredients don’t separate and produces a consistent texture and so on.
CMC Powder (E466) can also be used to make beverages. Corn beverages are prone to stratification and precipitation during storage, and the combination of CMC and sodium alginate can improve stability.

When adding 0.05% CMC Powder (E466) and sodium alginate, the precipitation rate of corn beverage is the smallest, the layering is not obvious after centrifugation, and the stability is good, which also laid a certain foundation for the development of corn beverage market.
CMC Powder (E466) is also used in the production of ice cream and the clarification of alcohol.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in food under the E number E466 as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilizeemulsions in various products including ice cream.

CMC Powder (E466) is also a constituent of many non-food products, such as toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing, and various paper products.
CMC Powder (E466) is also used in pharmaceuticals as a thickening agent, for example as the lubricant in lubricating eye drops, and in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of drilling mud, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.
CMC Powder (E466) food additive can be used in soymilk to produce suspending, emulsifying and stabilizing effects.

CMC Powder (E466) can organically mix with the sizing mixture together to prevent fat floating or protein subsiding.
In addition, CMC Powder (E466) can also play an active role in whitening in color of soymilk, sweetening in taste, and removing soybean odor.
CMC Powder (E466) is used to increase the viscosity of liquid food products, providing a smoother and more appealing texture.

CMC Powder (E466) helps stabilize emulsions and prevents ingredients from separating in products like sauces, dressings, and gravies.
CMC Powder (E466) prevents solid particles from settling in beverages, enhancing their shelf stability.
CMC Powder (E466) improves the texture of dough, increases water retention in baked goods, and enhances the volume of bread and cakes.

CMC Powder (E466) is used in tablet formulations as a binder, helping to hold the ingredients together.
CMC Powder (E466) facilitates the breakup of tablets or capsules into smaller particles when they come into contact with water.
CMC Powder (E466) is added to cosmetic products like creams and lotions to provide viscosity and improve stability.

CMC Powder (E466) is used in textile processing as a sizing agent to improve the strength and durability of yarns and fabrics.
CMC Powder (E466) is employed as a coating agent in the paper industry to enhance the paper's strength, smoothness, and printability.
In oil drilling operations, CMC Powder (E466) is used as a component of drilling fluids to control the viscosity and improve the fluid's rheological properties.

CMC Powder (E466) is added to personal care products like shampoos and toothpaste as a thickening agent.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in water-based paints to control viscosity and prevent settling of pigments.

CMC Powder (E466) may be included in some detergent formulations to control the viscosity and improve product performance.
CMC Powder (E466) is used as a binder in the formulation of adhesives, contributing to their adhesive properties.

Safety Profile:
Mildly toxic by ingestion.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data.

CMC Powder (E466) migrates to food from packagmg materials.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NazO.
CMC Powder (E466) is used in oral, topical, and some parenteral formulations.

CMC Powder (E466) is also widely used in cosmetics, toiletries, and food products, and is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
However, oral consumption of large amounts of carboxymethylcellulose sodium can have a laxative effect; therapeutically, 4–10 g in daily divided doses of the medium- and high-viscosity grades of CMC Powder (E466) have been used as bulk laxatives.
The WHO has not specified an acceptable daily intake for CMC Powder (E466) as a food additive since the levels necessary to achieve a desired effect were not considered to be a hazard to health.

However, in animal studies, subcutaneous administration of CMC Powder (E466) has been found to cause inflammation, and in some cases of repeated injection fibrosarcomas have been found at the site of injection.
Hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions have occurred in cattle and horses, which have been attributed to CMC Powder (E466) in parenteral formulations such as vaccines and penicillins.

Storage:
CMC Powder (E466) is a stable, though hygroscopic material. Under high-humidity conditions, carboxymethylcellulose sodium can absorb a large quantity (>50%) of water.
In tablets, this has been associated with a decrease in tablet hardness and an increase in disintegration time.
Aqueous solutions are stable at pH 2–10; precipitation can occur below pH 2, and solution viscosity decreases rapidly above pH 10.

Generally, solutions exhibit maximum viscosity and stability at pH 7–9.
CMC Powder (E466) may be sterilized in the dry state by maintaining it at a temperature of 1608℃ for 1 hour.
However, this process results in a significant decrease in viscosity and some deterioration in the properties of solutions prepared from the sterilized material.

Aqueous solutions may similarly be sterilized by heating, although this also results in some reduction in viscosity.
After autoclaving, viscosity is reduced by about 25%, but this reduction is less marked than for solutions prepared from material sterilized in the dry state.

The extent of the reduction is dependent on the molecular weight and degree of substitution; higher molecular weight grades generally undergo a greater percentage reduction in viscosity.
Sterilization of solutions by gamma irradiation also results in a reduction in viscosity.

CMIT MIT CMIT MIT is a fast acting, water-soluble liquid bactericide and fungicide. It is a formulated isothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) in-can preservative. Provides control of bacteria, yeast and fungi. CMIT MIT is used in waterborne paints, and other coating products where water is a component. The product is suited for systems with a pH of 3 up to approximately 8 or 9. CMIT MIT by Troy Corporation is s stabilized CMIT/MIT-based bactericide. Acts as a water-soluble, liquid preservative for control of bacteria, yeast, mold, and algae in adhesives, caulks and sealants. CMIT MIT offers improved stability and speed of sanitation. MERGAL K14 is an effective, broad-spectrum liquid preservative designed to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast and fungi in aqueous systems. Mergal K14 is a water-soluble liquid preservative for control of bacteria, yeast, mold, and algae in adhesives, emulsions, dispersion paints and coatings, metalworking fluids, and building material. Intended for use in aqueous products with a range of pH 3-9. (EPA Registration Number 5383-104) Used In Recommended for waterborne adhesives, paints and coatings, emulsions and sealants. Typical Properties of CMIT MIT Appearance Clear amber liquid pH value 4.0 Density 8.53 lbs/gal Specific Gravity 1.025 CMIT MIT (sometimes isothiazolone) is a heterocyclic chemical compound related to isothiazole. Compared to many other simple heterocycles its discovery is fairly recent, with reports first appearing in the 1960s.[1] The compound itself has no applications, however its derivatives are widely used as biocides. Synthesis of CMIT MIT Various synthetic routes have been reported.[2] CMIT MITs are typically prepared on an industrial scale by the ring-closure of 3-sulfanylpropanamide derivatives. These in turn are produced from acrylic acid via the 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Ring-closure involves conversion of the thiol group into a reactive species which undergoes nucleophilic attack by the nitrogen center. This typically involves chlorination,[1] or oxidation of the 3-sulfanylpropanamide to the corresponding disulfide species. These reaction conditions also oxidize the intermediate isothiazolidine ring to give the desire product. Applications of CMIT MIT CMIT MITs are antimicrobials used to control bacteria, fungi, and algae in cooling water systems, fuel storage tanks, pulp and paper mill water systems, oil extraction systems, wood preservation and antifouling agents. They are frequently used in personal care products such as shampoos and other hair care products, as well as certain paint formulations. Often, combinations of MIT and CMIT (known as Kathon CG) or MIT and BIT are used. Biological implications Together with their wanted function, controlling or killing microorganisms, CMIT MITs also have undesirable effects: They have a high aquatic toxicity and some derivatives can cause hypersensitivity by direct contact or via the air. CMIT MIT is an Isothiazolone biocide having a 3:1 ratio of CMIT and MIT, widely used for its broad-spectrum action against microbes, algae, and fungi. CMIT MIT is one of the active ingredients of humidifier disinfectants and a commonly used preservative in industrial products such as cosmetics, paints, adhesives and detergents. CMIT MIT is a 1,2-thiazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom and a chlorine at C-5. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the major active ingredient in the commercial product Exocide. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. CMIT MIT is a member of 1,2-thiazoles and an organochlorine compound. CMIT MIT derives from a Isothiazolone. CMIT MIT (MCI) is an isothiazolinone commonly used as a preservative with antibacterial and antifungal properties. CMIT MIT is found within many commercially available cosmetics, lotions, and makeup removers. CMIT MIT is also a known dermatological sensitizer and allergen; some of its side effects include flaky or scaly skin, breakouts, redness or itchiness, and moderate to severe swelling in the eye area. The American Contact Dermatitis Society named CMIT MIT the Contact Allergen of the Year for 2013. Sensitivity to CMIT MIT may be identified with a clinical patch test. CMIT MIT is a 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. CMIT MIT is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Exocide. CMIT MIT has a role as an antifouling biocide, an antimicrobial agent and an antifungal agent. Features & Benefits of CMIT MIT Broad-spectrum of activity Low level of metal salt Protection against bacteria and fungi Wide range of pH stability up to 8.5 Effective at a low level of use 0.05 - 0.15% No color or odor imparted into end products Excellent compatibility with surfactants Safe at recommended use levels Rapidly biodegradable Active Ingredient in this product is listed by EPA in the Safer Chemical Ingredients List (SCIL) Applications of CMIT MIT Cleaners and polishes, such as all-purpose cleaners, cleaning and industrial use wipes, floor and furniture polishes/waxes, automotive washes, polishes and waxes Laundry products, such as liquid laundry detergents, fabric softeners and pre-spotters Liquid detergents, such as dish wash detergents and general liquid cleaning solution Other applications, such as moist towelettes, air fresheners, moist sponges, gel air fresheners Raw materials and surfactants preservation Chloromethyl-methylCMIT MIT (CMIT MIT) is a broad spectrum biocide which has been used successfully for microbial control and preventing biofouling in industrial water treatment. ATAMAN CHEMICALS reports over the past 20 years on the efficacy of CMIT MIT biocide versus Legionella bacteria and the protozoa associated with their growth. The studies included a wide range of conditions, including single organisms in cooling water and complex model systems with bacteria, biofilms, and protozoa. Overall, low levels of CMIT MIT (1-10 ppm active) provided significant reduction in viable counts of various strains and species of Legionella bacteria in planktonic and biofilm studies and also against the amoebae and ciliated protozoa associated with their growth. CMIT MIT BIOCIDES IN WATER TREATMENT CMIT MIT biocides are widely used for microbial control in industrial water treatment. The most frequently used product is a 3:1 ratio of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and 2-methyl- 4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) at a final concentration of 1.5% total active ingredient. CMIT MIT has broad spectrum efficacy versus bacteria, algae, and fungi. Exocide product is a blend of Isothiazolinones and is composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MIT). The bactericidal effect of Isothiazolinones is carried out through breaking the bond between the bacteria and algae protein. The product can be used in many industrial applications to inhibit microbes’ growth, and it has inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi and algae. Isothiazolinones (also CMIT MIT) is a blended biocide with CMIT MIT and Isothiazolinone which carry out the bactericidal effect through breaking the bond of bacteria and algae cell protein. When isothiazolinones contact with microbes, it can quickly break cell protein bond and inhibit their growth, and then lead to the apoptosis of these microbes. Isothiazolinone products can be effective in controlling both the planktonic and surface growth at very low concentrations and have been produced specifically for oilfield water treatment and paper mill applications. CMIT MIT has strong biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, algae and fungi which has many advantages such as no residue, good compatibleness, high stabilization, good degradation, safety and low cost in operation. Isothiazolinone products can mix with other chlorine biocides and most cation, anion, and non-ionic surfactants. It can be an excellent eco-friendly sludge remover when used at high dosage. CMIT MIT and Isothiazolinone are fungicidal with properties of high efficiency, broad spectrum, non-oxidative and low toxicity. CMIT MIT is the most suitable biocide in industrial circulating cool water systems and in wastewater treatment for oilfield, papermaking, pesticide and other industries. Bichain is one of reliable isothiazolinones manufacturers and suppliers of CMIT MIT, CMIT and MIT for oilfield water treatment. We supply high quality isothiazolinone products with CAS 55965-84-9. Area of use CMIT MIT is often not stable under certain conditions such as high temperatures or high pH values. Normally it is stabilised with Mg, Cu or Na salts. However, some applications are sensitive to salts or electrolyte. In this case Exocide 1012 AG is an excellent alternative. This broadband biocide is used to preserve water-based and water-dilutable chemical/technical products, and can be used as an in-can preservative in technical applications such as paints, adhesives, and household and industrial cleaners. CMIT MIT is especially suitable for preserving fuels such as diesel, or for use in secondary oil production. This Exocide is also suitable as a slimicide, protective media for liquids in cooling and production systems, and as a protective medium for fluids used in metalworking. This biocide formulation has a broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi and yeasts and can be used in many cases where other products fail. Product properties of CMIT MIT Exocide 1012 AG is free of formaldehyde, formaldehyde releasers, phenols and heavy metals, and exhibits excellent chemical stability. It is not volatile, exhibits outstanding long-term effectiveness, and is one of the best examined broadband biocides. CMIT and CMI CMIT MIT (MIT or MI) and Isothiazolinone (CMIT or CMI) are two preservatives from the family of substances called isothiazolinones, used in some cosmetic products and other household products. MIT can be used alone to help preserve the product or it may be used together with CMIT as a blend. Preservatives are an essential element in cosmetic products, protecting products, and so the consumer, against contamination by microorganisms during storage and continued use. MIT and CMIT are two of the very limited number of ‘broad spectrum’ preservatives, which means they are effective against a variety of bacteria, yeasts and moulds, across a wide range of product types. MIT and CMIT have been positively approved for use as preservatives for many years under the strict European cosmetics legislation. The primary purpose of these laws is to protect human safety. One of the ways it does this is by banning certain ingredients and controlling others by limiting their concentration or restricting them to particular product types. Preservatives may only be used if they are specifically listed in the legislation. MIT CMIT MIT can be used on its own to help preserve cosmetic products. Following discussions with dermatologists, who reported an increase in cases of allergy to CMIT MIT in their clinics, the European cosmetics industry assessed the available information regarding the risk of allergic reactions to CMIT MIT, and in December 2013, the European Personal Care Association, Cosmetics Europe, issued a Recommendation for companies to discontinue the use of MIT in leave-on skincare products. The European Commission’s independent expert scientific panel (the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, SCCS), which advises on safety matters, reviewed the use of MIT in cosmetic products. In 2013, the SCCS also recommended that MIT be removed from leave-on cosmetic products and that the amount of CMIT MIT used in rinse-off cosmetic products should be reduced. As a result, the European Commission changed the cosmetic law to ban the use of MIT in leave-on cosmetic products. Since 12 February 2017, it is no longer permitted to make these products available to consumers. In addition, the maximum amount of MIT present in rinse-off products has been reduced and since 27 April 2018, all products made available to consumers must comply with the new limit. If consumers have been diagnosed as allergic to CMIT MIT it is important to check the ingredient list of rinse-off cosmetic products. The name ‘CMIT MIT’ will always be listed as ‘CMIT MIT’ regardless of where in Europe a product is purchased. MIT/CMIT Blend CMIT MIT may also be used in a blend with CMIT. If the CMIT MIT and CMIT blend is used to preserve a cosmetic product, then the names CMIT MIT and CMIT MIT will both be present in the ingredients list, which every cosmetic product must have either on its carton, pack or label, card etc. at point of sale. In its review of the MIT/CMIT blend, the SCCS has stated that the MIT/CMIT blend should only be allowed to be used in rinse-off cosmetic products. As a result, the European cosmetic law was changed to restrict the use of this blend to rinse-off products only from April 2016. CMIT: CMIT MIT, also referred to as CMIT, is a preservative with antibacterial and antifungal effects within the group of isothiazolinones. These compounds have an active sulphur moiety that is able to oxidize thiol-containing residues, thereby effectively killing most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. CMIT MIT is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi. CMIT MIT is found in many water-based personal care products and cosmetics. CMIT MIT was first used in cosmetics in the 1970s. It is also used in glue production, detergents, paints, fuels, and other industrial processes. CMIT MIT is known by the registered tradename Kathon CG when used in combination with CMIT MIT. CMIT MIT may be used in combination with other preservatives including ethylparaben, benzalkonium chloride, and bronopol. In pure form or in high concentrations, CMIT MIT is a skin and membrane irritant and causes chemical burns. In the United States, maximum authorized concentrations are 15 ppm in rinse-offs (of a mixture in the ratio 3:1 of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol 3(2H)-one and 2-methylisothiazol-3 (2H)-one). In Canada, CMIT MIT may only be used in rinse-off products in combination with CMIT MIT, the total concentration of the combination may not exceed 15 ppm. MIT: CMIT MIT, MIT, or MI, (sometimes erroneously called methylisothiazoline), is a powerful synthetic biocide and preservative within the group of isothiazolinones, which is used in numerous personal care products and a wide range of industrial applications. It is a cytotoxin that may affect different types of cells. Its use for a wide range of personal products for humans, such as cosmetics, lotions, moisturizers, sanitary wipes, shampoos, and sunscreens, more than doubled during the first decade of the twenty-first century and has been reported as a contact sensitizing agent by the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. Industrial applications also are quite wide ranging, from preservative and sanitizing uses to antimicrobial agents, energy production, metalworking fluids, mining, paint manufacturing, and paper manufacturing, many of which increase potential exposure to it by humans as well as organisms, both terrestrial and marine. Industrial applications in marine environments are proving to be toxic to marine life, for instance, when the effect of its now almost-universal use in boat hull paint was examined. Applications of CMIT MIT CMIT MIT and other isothiazolinone-derived biocides are used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solutions. Two of the most widely used isothiazolinone biocides are 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (chloroCMIT MIT or CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT MIT or MIT), which are the active ingredients in a 3:1 mixture (CMIT:MIT) sold commercially as Exocide. Exocide is supplied to manufacturers as a concentrated stock solution containing from 1.5-15% of CMIT MIT. For applications the recommended use level is from 6 ppm to 75 ppm active CMIT MITs. Biocidal applications range from industrial water storage tanks to cooling units, in processes as varied as mining, paper manufacturing, metalworking fluids and energy production. CMIT MIT also has been used to control slime in the manufacture of paper products that contact food. In addition, this product serves as an antimicrobial agent in latex adhesives and in paper coatings that also contact food. Other isothiazolinones One CMIT MIT, Sea-Nine 211 (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolino-3-one, DCOI), has quickly replaced tributyltin as the antifouling agent of choice in ship hull paint. A recent study reported the presence of DCOI in both port water and sediment samples in Osaka, Japan, especially in weakly circulating mooring areas. Of environmental concern, DCOI levels predicted in marinas now are considered a threat to various marine invertebrate species. Isothiazolinones also are extremely toxic to fish. In industrial use, the greatest occupational inhalation exposure occurs during open pouring. Non-occupational exposure to CMIT MIT by the general population also occurs, albeit at much lower concentrations. These compounds are present in a very large number of commonly used cosmetics. Human health CMIT MIT is allergenic and cytotoxic, and this has led to some concern over its use. A report released by the European Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-food Products Intended for Consumers (SCCNFP) in 2003 also concluded that insufficient information was available to allow for an adequate risk assessment analysis of MIT. Rising reports of consumer impact led to new research, including a report released in 2014 by the European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety which reported: "The dramatic rise in the rates of reported cases of contact allergy to MI, as detected by diagnostic patch tests, is unprecedented in Europe; there have been repeated warnings about the rise (Gonçalo M, Goossens A. 2013). The increase is primarily caused by increasing consumer exposure to MI from cosmetic products; exposures to MI in household products, paints and in the occupational setting also need to be considered. The delay in re-evaluation of the safety of MI in cosmetic products is of concern to the SCCS; it has adversely affected consumer safety." "It is unknown what proportion of the general population is now sensitized to MI and has not been confirmed as sensitized." In 2014, the European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety further issued a voluntary ban on "the mixture of CMIT MIT (MCI/MI) from leave-on products such as body creams. The measure is aimed at reducing the risk from and the incidence of skin allergies. The preservative can still be used in rinse-off products such as shampoos and shower gels at a maximum concentration of 0.0015 % of a mixture in the ratio 3:1 of MCI/MI. The measure will apply for products placed on the market after 16 July 2015." Shortly thereafter, Canada moved to adopt similar measures in its Cosmetic Ingredients Hotlist. Additionally, new research into cross reactivity of MI-sensitized patients to variants benzisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone have found that reactions may occur if present in sufficient amounts. Allergic contact dermatitis CMIT MIT is used commonly in products in conjunction with CMIT MIT, a mixture sold under the registered trade name Kathon CG. A common indication of sensitivity to Kathon CG is allergic contact dermatitis. Sensitization to this family of preservatives was observed as early as the late 1980s. Due to increased use of isothiazolinone-based preservatives in recent years, an increase in reported incidences of contact allergy to this product has been reported. In 2013 the substance was declared the 2013 Contact Allergen of the Year by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. In 2016 the Dermatitis Academy launched a call to action for patients to report their isothiazolinone allergy to the FDA. On December 13, 2013 the trade group, Cosmetics Europe,following discussions with the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD),recommended to its members "that the use of CMIT MIT (MIT) in leave-on skin products including cosmetic wet wipes is discontinued. This action is recommended in the interests of consumer safety in relation to adverse skin reactions. It is recommended that companies do not wait for regulatory intervention under the Cosmetics Regulation but implement this recommendation as soon as feasible." On March 27, 2014, the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety issued an opinion on the safety of CMIT MIT. This report only considered the issue of contact sensitization. The committee concluded: “Current clinical data indicate that 100 ppm MI in cosmetic products is not safe for the consumer. "For leave-on cosmetic products (including ‘wet wipes’), no safe concentrations of MI for induction of contact allergy or elicitation have been adequately demonstrated. "For rinse-off cosmetic products, a concentration of 15 ppm (0.0015%) CMIT MIT is considered safe for the consumer from the view of induction of contact allergy. However, no information is available on elicitation. General description of CMIT MIT Pharmaceutical secondary standard for applications in quality control, provides pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. CMIT MIT is an isothiazolone biocide having a 3:1 ratio of CMIT and MIT, widely used for its broad-spectrum action against microbes, algae, and fungi. It is one of the active ingredients of humidifier disinfectants and a commonly used preservative in industrial products such as cosmetics, paints, adhesives and detergents. The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was 1.25 μg/cm2/day in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to 0.77512 μg/cm2/day for all representative cosmetics and 0.00584 μg/cm2/day for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate. Before 1989, CMIT MIT, containing 1.5% active ingredients and sold under the trade name Kathon CG and, was primarily used as a preservative in cosmetics in a ratio of 3:1 (1). However, the first case of skin sensitization by cosmetics containing CMIT MIT was reported in 1985 (7,8). Since then, several cases of skin allergy have been reported, identifying CMIT MIT to be a common skin sensitizer (5,9–11). This resulted in lowering the concentration of CMIT MIT to 0.0015% for both rinse-off products, such as shampoos, hair conditioners, shower gels, body wash, liquid soap, and surfactants, and leave-on products in 1989 in Europe (12). Similarly, in 1992, the limit was set to 0.0015% for rinse-off products and 0.00075% for leave-on products in the United States (13). Despite lowering the concentration limits of CMIT MIT, the incidence rate of skin sensitization remained high and steady at 1 to 4% (14,15). At present, in Korea and Europe, the concentration of CMIT MIT is limited to 0.0015% or less for rinse-off products (16,17). As mentioned above, CMIT MIT is widely used as a preservative in cosmetics, paints, adhesives, detergents, and other industrial products. According to the European Union (EU) regulation, the permitted concentration limits of CMIT MIT are up to 15 ppm in cosmetics, up to 15 ppm in paints, adhesives, and detergents, and over 5,000 ppm in industrial biocides (2,28). Among the cosmetics manufactured in Korea, 2,110 of the 100,190 products containing CMIT MIT comprise rinse-off products, such as shampoos, rinses, and body washes (29). Phototoxicity To assess the phototoxicity of CMIT MIT on humans a patch of 2 cm2 containing 15 a.i. ppm of CMIT MIT was applied to the forearms of 2 males and 23 females for 24 hr. After this, one arm was exposed to ultraviolet A (UV-A) (4,400 μW/cm2 wavelength) for 15 min (stimulated). Stimulated and non-stimulated skin was examined immediately after irradiation, and 24, 48, and 72 hr after irradiation. The tanning effects of the irradiated sites were also investigated after 1 week. According to the results obtained, no phototoxic effect by CMIT MIT on human skin was observed (87). Toxicokinetics To study the kinetics of CMIT MIT after its administration, two pairs of male and female rats were orally administered CMIT MIT in liquid form for 7 days. The absorption, distribution, and excretion of CMIT MIT were studied. After 7 days, a total of 25 organs were extracted, and the distribution of CMIT MIT was examined by radiography. CMIT MIT was found to be uniformly distributed in animals, with the highest residues present in the digestive and excretory organs. CMIT MIT was detected at concentrations as low as 0.12 to 0.5 ppm in the brain, spinal cord, and gonads. Most of it (87 to 93%) was excreted in the form of urine or feces. The half-life of CMIT MIT was determined to be less than 1 day. There were no metabolic differences based on gender, and the metabolic rate of CMIT was slightly less than that of MIT. This study concluded that CMIT MIT is readily absorbed in the organs; however, most of it is excreted within a day and only small amounts of it are distributed in the tissues (34,88). Further experiments were performed to confirm the absorption and disposition of CMIT MIT by intravenous (IV) or dermal administration in rats. It was observed that CMIT MIT was rapidly distributed in the blood, liver, kidneys, and testes when administered via IV, as evident from its rapid clearance from plasma within 96 hr with only 29% of the dose remaining in the plasma. This is because CMIT MIT binds to hemoglobin and is slowly removed by the liver and spleen. By 96 hr, excretion in the form of feces, urine, and respiration was 35, 31, and 4% of the initial dose, respectively. Skin absorption studies estimated the absorption rate in rats to be up to 94%. In addition, systemic bioavailability was evaluated to be significantly lower (89). A concentration range-finding study of CMIT MIT was conducted in rats by administering the compound via skin, oral, and IV routes. In this experiment, the skin absorption rate was estimated to be 26 to 43% depending on the concentration. While most CMIT MIT was released less than 24 hr after its oral administration, a majority of it could be released only after more than 48 hr when administered transdermally. In addition, CMIT MIT and its metabolites were found to interact strongly with erythrocytes. In conclusion, this study found no concentration-dependent significant differences in skin absorption of CMIT MIT (90). Based on these results, metabolite profiles of CMIT MIT were studied in rats. After oral administration, 50 to 77% of CMIT MIT was excreted in urine and 23 to 54% in feces after 24 hr. In the skin exposure experiment, 20 to 28% of CMIT MIT was excreted in the urine, whereas 1 to 2% of CMIT MIT was excreted in the feces. Thus, exposure to skin showed a much slower elimination rate as compared to oral exposure. According to the results of this experiment, no differences in the metabolic profile of CMIT MIT were observed when administered through different routes (91). In another study, a skin absorption experiment using a blood sample from rabbits was performed. Occlusion patches were repeatedly treated with CMIT MIT, and blood was collected up to 55 hr after treatment. The results demonstrated no CMIT MIT in the blood (34). Eight in vitro studies to analyze skin absorption rate of CMIT MIT were conducted. Rat skin exposed to CMIT MIT was extracted at several time intervals and rate of skin absorption was measured in a Franz diffusion cell. The amount of CMIT MIT that bound or passed through the skin was calculated. The skin absorption rate for CMIT MIT was calculated to be 99 and 117% at 3 and 6 hr, respectively. The maximum skin absorption rate after 48 to 96 hr was found to be 80% (92). General description Pharmaceutical secondary standard for applications in quality control, provides pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. CMIT/MIT is an isothiazolone biocide having a 3:1 ratio of CMIT and MIT, widely used for its broad-spectrum action against microbes, algae, and fungi. It is one of the active ingredients of humidifier disinfectants and a commonly used preservative in industrial products such as cosmetics, paints, adhesives and detergents. Application These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials. These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements. Analysis Note These secondary standards offer multi-traceability to the USP, EP and BP primary standards, where they are available. The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was 1.25 μg/cm2/day in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to 0.77512 μg/cm2/day for all representative cosmetics and 0.00584 μg/cm2/day for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate. ). Among isothiazolinone-based compounds, CMIT/MIT has been commonly used as a preservative since the ea

Cnidium Seed Extract can help reduce allergic reactions, and asthma symptoms and improve skin conditions like eczema and dermatitis.
Cnidium Seed Extract is rich in a variety of bioactive compounds.


CAS Number: 90082-67-8
EC Number: 289-688-8
Latin Name: Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss
INCI Name: Water (and) Propylene Glycol (and) Cnidium Monnieri Fruit Extract (and) 1,2-Hexanediol (and) Phenoxyethanol (and) Ethylhexylglycerin
Botanical Name: Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss.
Molecular Formula: C15H16O3



SYNONYMS:
Cnidii Monnieri Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma, Cnidium Extract, Cnidium Fruit, Cnidium Fruit Extract, Cnidium Monnier, Cnidium monnieri, Cnidium Monnieri Fructus, Cnidium Seeds, Extrait de Cnidium, Extrait de Fruit de Cnidium, Fruit de Cnidium, Graines de Cnidium, Monnier's Snowparsley, Selinum monnieri, She Chuang, She Chuang Dze, She Chuang Z, Conidium Fruit, Monnier's Snowparsley, She Chuang Zi, Cnidii Fructus, Cnidii Monnieri Fructus, Cnidii Rhizoma, Cnidium Extract, Cnidium Fruit, Cnidium Fruit Extract, Cnidium Monnier, Cnidium Monnieri Fructus, Cnidium Seeds, Extrait de Cnidium, Extrait de Fruit de Cnidium, Fruit de Cnidium, Graines de Cnidium, Jashoshi, Monnier's Snowparsley, Sasangia, She Chuang, She Chuang Dze, She Chuang Zi, Xasangtu, Conidium Fruit, Monnier's Snowparsley, She Chuang Zi, Cnidium, Cnidium Monnieri, She Chuang Zi, Cnidium Seed, Cnidium Fruit Extract, Cnidium Monnieri Extract, Cnidium Officinale, Cnidium Herb Extract



Cnidium Seed Extract is a natural herbal extract extracted from the seeds of the Cnidoma Monnieri plant.
Cnidium Seed Extract is rich in a variety of bioactive compounds.
Such as coumarin, osthol, and opposition.


These compounds have surprising health benefits. These compounds have powerful antioxidant properties that protect cells from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals.
They also help strengthen the immune system, reduce inflammation, and promote healthy circulation.


One of its most impressive benefits is Cnidium Seed Extract's ability to improve men's sexual health.
Cnidium Seed Extract has been shown to increase sexual desire, increase testosterone levels, and improve erectile dysfunction in men.
This makes Cnidium Seed Extract a popular ingredient in numerous natural male enhancement supplements.


Cnidium Seed Extract has also been proven to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties.
Cnidium Seed Extract can help reduce allergic reactions, and asthma symptoms and improve skin conditions like eczema and dermatitis.
Cnidium is a plant that is native to China.


It is also commonly found in other parts of Asia.
The fruit, seed, and other plant parts are used as medicine.
Cnidium Seed Extract is a common ingredient in Chinese lotions, creams, and ointments.


Cnidium Seed Extract is a leafy annual with flowers that grow in clusters.
The seeds, which are also referred as she chuang zi or she chuang dze, are somewhat yellow in color and have a sweet smell.
Cnidium Seed Extract is native to China, where it may be found growing on field edges, in ditches and waste places in most of the country.


It also grows in Korea, Mongolia and Russia.
Cnidium has been introduced to the United States (Oregon) and Europe.
Cnidium Seed Extract is a leafy annual with flowers that grow in clusters.


The seeds, which are also referred as she chuang zi or she chuang dze, are somewhat yellow in color and have a sweet smell.
Cnidium Seed Extract is native to China, where it may be found growing on field edges, in ditches and waste places in most of the country.
Cnidium Seed Extract also grows in Korea, Mongolia and Russia.


Cnidium Seed Extract has been introduced to the United States (Oregon) and Europe.
Cnidium is a plant that is native to China.
Cnidium Seed Extract has also been found in the US in Oregon.


The fruit, seed, and other plant parts of Cnidium Seed Extract are used as medicine.
Cnidium Seed Extract is applied directly to the skin for itchiness, rashes, eczema, and ringworm.
Cnidium Seed Extract is a common ingredient in Chinese lotions, creams, and ointments.


Due to different geographical position and ecological environment, some variation occurs in the size, shape & content of coumarin in Cnidium Seed Extract from different area.
The benefits of Cnidium Seed Extract cover many areas that include skin conditions, fungi and sexual potency.


Read more to learn about the extensive uses, drawbacks and dosing recommendations of this plant.
Cnidium Seed Extract can also be taken internally to treat vaginal discharges and to increase sexual potency.
Cnidium Seed Extract is often combined with other herbs to help treat infertility and impotence.


The Chinese still use the seeds as an aphrodisiac, and animal studies indicate Cnidium Seed Extract may improve bone strength.
Cnidium Seed Extract has an antifungal effect.
The treatment of acute exudative skin disease has a good effect; Cnidium Seed Extract also nourishes the skin.


Cnidium Seed Extract is a light yellow brown fine powder
Application of Cnidium Seed Extract: Medicine, food additives, dietary supplement, Cosmetics
Cnidium Seed Extract is a plant which grows in China whose fruit, seed, and other plant parts are used as medicine.


Cnidium Seed Extract is known in China as She Chuang Zi.Cnidium has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years,often for a variety of skin ailments and as a reproductive aid and aphrodisiac that increases sexual desire in both men and women.
Cnidium Seed Extract contains several compounds including osthole,bornyl isovalarate,osthol, bergapten,isopimpinellin, columbianetin and other active ingredients.


It is suspected that Cnidium Seed Extract's works by potentially counteracting the efforts of a chemical in the body that breaks down nitric oxide (NO).
Since NO is a vasodilator, Cnidium Seed Extract may help promote vascular pumps after you’ve finished working out.
These effects may be subtle and therefore is often combined with L-arginine, Citrulline malate, and GPLC to improve results.


Cnidium Seed Extract is also known for its effect on erectile dysfunction (ED) in men.
Cnidium Seed Extract may also give a boost to women who need to peak their desire.
Skin rashes may also be helped with a topical application of Cnidium Seed Extract.


Cnidium Seed Extract, ie She Chuang Zi, which is a green yellow powder or white powder extract from seed of Cnidum Monnieri.
Cnidium Seed Extract is said to be a warm, bitter and acrid herb, native to China.
Cnidium Seed Extract has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a remedy for many skin ailments, as well as a treatment for sexual dysfunction.
Cnidium Seed Extract is a light yellow brown fine powder.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
Cnidium Seed Extract is primarily used for the purpose of overcoming sexual malaise and strengthening sexual
Cnidium Seed Extract is a popular traditional Chinese medicine for treating scalp conditions.
Cnidium Seed Extract promotes healthy hair by soothing the scalp and reduces irritation due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.


Cnidium Seed Extract may also help alleviate itching and combat dandruff, potentially stimulating hair growth.
Cosmetic Uses of Cnidium Seed Extract: abrasives, fragrance, and skin protecting agents
Cnidium Seed Extractcan increase sperm secretion, stimulate sexual desire and has aphrodisiac action.


Cnidium Seed Extract can warm the kidney and relieve asthma.
With the role of anti-trichomonas, there is great effect for common gynecological diseases of women.
Cnidium Seed Extract is most commonly used for increasing sexual performance and sex drive, erectile dysfunction (ED), and skin conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any of its uses.


Cnidium Seed Extract is known for its medicinal properties and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries to treat various health ailments.
Cnidium Seed Extract contains chemicals that might kill cancer and bacterial cells, reduce swelling (inflammation), strengthen bones, decrease itching, and increase sex drive.


Recommended application of Cnidium Seed Extract: various lotion products: female care products, infant care products, etc.
Cnidium Seed Extract is most commonly used for increasing sexual performance and sex drive, erectile dysfunction (ED), and skin conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any of its uses.


Cnidium Seed Extract is used to increase sexual performance and sex drive.
Cnidium Seed Extract is used erectile dysfunction (ED).
Cnidium Seed Extract is used difficulty having children (infertility).


Cnidium Seed Extract is used bodybuilding, Cancer, Weakened bones (osteoporosis).
Cnidium Seed Extract is used infections, and increasing energy.
Cnidium Seed Extract is used skin conditions including itchy skin, rashes, eczema, and ringworm, when applied to the skin, other conditions.


Cnidium Seed Extract has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years, often for skin conditions.
It's not surprising that Cnidium Seed Extract is a common ingredient in Chinese lotions, creams, and ointments.
People take Cnidium Seed Extract by mouth for increasing sexual performance and sex drive, and for treating erectile dysfunction (ED).


Cnidium Seed Extract is also used for difficulty having children (infertility), bodybuilding, cancer, weak bones (osteoporosis), and fungal and bacterial infections.
Some people also take Cnidium Seed Extract to increase energy.


Cnidium Seed Extract has also been found in the US in Oregon.
The fruit, seed, and other plant parts of Cnidium Seed Extract are used as medicine.
Cnidium Seed Extract is applied directly to the skin for itchiness, rashes, eczema, and ringworm.


Cnidium Seed Extract has also been used in the treatment of lumbar pain.
The fruit is known for Cnidium Seed Extract's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which can help alleviate discomfort in the lower back.
Traditional preparations often involve combining Cnidium Seed Extract with other herbs to enhance its therapeutic effects.


Bioactive compounds in Cnidium Seed Extract, such as osthol, contribute to its pain-relieving capabilities
Cnidium Seed Extract is used in Medicine, food additive, dietary supplement, Cosmetics.
Cnidium Seed Extract has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a remedy for many skin ailments, as well as a treatment for sexual dysfunction.


Cnidium Seed Extract is primarily used for the purpose of overcoming sexual malaise and strengthening sexual potency, increased sexual drive, and Chinese literature often refers to the seeds as an aphrodisiac that was used almost routinely in imperial formulas designed specifically for the emperor.
Cnidium Seed Extract also has an anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effect on mites, which can effectively improve hormone-dependent dermatitis caused by long-term use of hormone products.


-Medicinal use of Cnidium Seed Extract:
Cnidium Seed Extract is one of the most widely used traditional herbal medicines and its fruits have been used to treat a variety of diseases in China, Vietnam, and Japan.
As of this writing, 350 compounds have been isolated and identified from Cnidium Seed Extract, including the main active constituent, coumarins.

In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that osthole and other coumarin compounds possess wide range of pharmacological properties effective in the treatment of disorders of the female genitalia, male impotence, frigidity, skin-related diseases, and that, in this context, they exhibit strong antipruritic, anti-allergic, antidermatophytic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-osteoporotic effects.

Although coumarins have been identified as the main active constituents responsible for the observed pharmacological effects, the molecular mechanisms of their actions are still unknown.
A pro-erectile herb from traditional Chinese medicine, Cnidium Seed Extract and its main bioactive known as osthole appear to have mechanisms similar to Viagra in penile tissue and the hippocampus; the influence of Cnidium Seed Extract on testosterone and cognition remains unexplored.



HOW DOES CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT WORK?
Cnidium Seed Extract contains chemicals that might kill cancer and bacterial cells, reduce swelling (inflammation), strengthen bones, decrease itching, and increase sex drive.



FUNCTION OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
1) Increased sexual drive and desire;
2) Increased Nitric Oxide and cGMP levels;
3) Increased blood flow to the sexual organs;
4) Increased levels of the hormone responsible for sexual function;
5) Dry dampness and kill worm;
6) Warm the kidney to strengthen energy;
7) Relieve asthma;
8) Antifungus, antivirus.



FEATURES OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
1. Supercritical CO2 extraction, natural and pure product
2. Low temperature extraction without damaging the active ingredients of the product



ACTION OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
1) Cnidium Seed Extract can increase sperm secretion, stimulate sexual desire and has aphrodisiac action.
2) Cnidium Seed Extract can dry dampness and kills worms, expel cold and expel the wind, warm the kidney to strengthen yin.
3) Cnidium Seed Extract has the function of relieving asthma and antifungus, antivirus.



FUNCTION OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
● Anti-allergic for skin health;
● Increase energy and boosts immunity;
● Reduce fatty liver induced by Alcohol;
● Cnidium Seed Extract help to treating weak bones (osteoporosis);
● Osthole has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity;
● Increasing sexual performance and sex drive, and for treating erectile dysfunction (ED).



APPLICATION OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
● Pharmaceutical industry;
● Food & Beverage industry;
● Health care industry,like capsules,tablets.



ADVANTAGE AND SUPPORT OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
● Leading natural active ingredients supplier in China with 10 years experience.
● Own green and environmentally friendly planting base in China.
● Adhere the concept of “Safe, GMO Free, Green,Clean, Organic”
● ISO9001, QS, Kosher, Halal certified.
● Professional R&D team and strong cooperation relationship with several university.



FUNCTION OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
1. Anti-Trichomonas effect:
Cnidium TCM topical treatment of trichomonas vaginitis, but to little effect or single herb Cnidium Seed Extract very weak component of its role is also not reported.
Cnidium Seed Extract suppositories or lotion is very good.

2. The hormone-like effects:


3. asthma action:
Cnidium Seed Extract has asthma, the lungs can make asthma wheeze decreased or disappeared, and significantly increased peak expiratory flow rate value, improve lung ventilation function.
The performance of Cnidium Seed Extract's role for the expansion of bronchial smooth muscle and improve pulmonary function role.



INTRODUCTION OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
30% Osthole is natural extracted form Common Cnidium.
Cnidium seed has been very commonly used in formulations designed to warm the Kidneys and strengthen Yang energy.
It' primarily used for the purpose of overcoming sexual malaise and strengthening sexual potency.

The classics repeatedly mention it as an aphrodisiac.
Inidium Monnieri (L.) Cuss. Is annual herb, height 30~80cm, the leaf is alternate compound umbel inflorescence.
Cremocarp, ellipsoidal, 2-4 mm long, about 2 mm in diameter.

Externally grayish-yellow or grayish-brown; with 2 outcurved Stylopods at the summit, and sometimes with a fine fruit stalk at the base.
Dorsal surface of mericarps with five thin and longitudinal ridges, commissural surface flattened, with two brown and slightly raised longitudinal ribs.
Active Ingredient:
Compounds of coumarin: mainly as osthole, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin, bergapten, xanthotoxol, etc.



NAMING OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
Cnidium Seed Extract was already described and the name validly published by Carl Linnaeus.
Cnidium Seed Extract was Pierre Cusson, however, who reclassified it into today's valid botanical systematics in 1787.



TAXONOMY OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
Cnidium Seed Extract is a species in the genus Cnidium which contains approximately 11 to 35 species and belongs to the family of the Apiaceae (carrot family).



CHARACTERISTICS OF CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
Plants annual, 10–60(–80) cm.
Taproot 2–3 mm thick. Stem solitary, striate, scabrous.
Lower petioles 3–8 cm; blade ovate-lanceolate, 3–8 × 2–5 cm, 2–3-pinnate; ultimate segments linear to linear-lanceolate, 3–10 × 1–1.5 mm, veins and margins scabrous.

Umbels 2–3(–5) cm across; bracts 6–10, linear to linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, persistent, margins narrowly white membranous, very finely ciliate; rays 8–20(–30), 5–20 mm, unequal; bracteoles 5–9, linear, nearly equal pedicels, margins ciliate; umbellules 15–20-flowered; pedicels 3–5 mm.
Calyx teeth obsolete or minute.

Stylopodium conic; styles 3–4 times longer than stylopodium.
Fruit ovoid, 1.5–3 × 1–2 mm; lateral ribs slightly broader than the dorsal.
Seed face plane. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Jul–Oct



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
Molecular Formula: C15H16O3
Molecular weight: 244.29
Part used: Fruit (Fresh,100% Natural).
Extract method: SFE-CO2.
Specification: Osthole10%-98%, by HPLC.
Appearance: Fine Yellowish Powder.
Appearance: WhitePowder
Odor: Characteristic
Taste: Characteristic
Bulk Density: 50-60g/100ml

Common Cnidium Fruit Extract
Latin Name: Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss
CAS Number: 90082-67-8
EC Number: 289-688-8
Appearance: Brown to dark brown powder or extract
Density: Approximately 0.7 - 1.0 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol
pH: Typically ranges from 4.5 to 7.0
Extraction Method: Solvent extraction or water extraction
Active Compounds: Contains coumarins, flavonoids, and essential oils



FIRST AID MEASURES of CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CNIDIUM SEED EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Cobalt (II) Sulfate heptahydrate; Bieberite; Cobalt(II) Sulfate (1:1) Heptahydrate; Cobaltous sulfate, heptahydrate; Cobalt monosulfate, heptahydrate; Sulfuric acid, cobalt salt, heptahydrate; sulfuric acid, cobalt(2+) salt (1:1), heptahydrate; Colbaltous sulfate; Cobalt dichloride CAS NO:10124-43-3

SYNONYMS Cobalt (II) Sulfate heptahydrate;Bieberite; Cobalt(II) Sulfate (1:1) Heptahydrate; Cobaltous sulfate, heptahydrate; Cobalt monosulfate, heptahydrate; Sulfuric acid, cobalt salt, heptahydrate; sulfuric acid, cobalt(2+) salt (1:1), heptahydrate; cas no: 10124-43-3

COBALT(+2)SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE COBALT(II) SULFATE COBALT(II) SULFATE-7-HYDRATE COBALT(II) SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE COBALT (II) SULFATE, HYDROUS COBALT(II) SULPHATE 7-HYDRATE COBALT(II) SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE COBALTOUS SULFATE COBALTOUS SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE COBALTOUS SULPHATE COBALTOUS SULPHATE 7H2O COBALTOUS SULPHATE 7-HYDRATE COBALT SULFATE COBALT SULFATE, 7-HYDRATE COBALT SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE Cobalt(II)sulfate(1:1),heptahydrate Cobaltmonosulfateheptahydrate Sulfuricacid,cobalt(2+)salt(1:1),heptahydrate Cobalfous sulfate bieberite CAS :10026-24-1

Coconut Oil Acid Diethanolamine Condensate; Coconut fatty acid amide of diethanolamine; Coconut diethanolamide; Cocamide DEA; coconut oil diethanolamine; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoamide; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut fatty acid amide; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut oil amide; Coconut fatty acids diethanolamide; Coconut oil acids diethanolamide; Coconut oil acids, diethanolamine; Coconut oil diethanolamide; cas no: 68603-42-9

Cocamide Diethanolamine is a mixture of diethanolamides of coconut esters.
Furthermore, Cocamide Diethanolamine is obtained by the reaction of coconut oil fatty acids with diethanolamine.


CAS Number: 141-43-5
EC Number: 271-657-0



APPLICATIONS


Cocamide Diethanolamine is a cleansing agent whose main thing is being a very good team player next to other (anionic) cleaning agents and working as an excellent foam booster and viscosity builder.

The downside of Cocamide Diethanolamine is that it may contain residual content of Diethanolamine, a secondary amine known to be a potential source of harmful nitrosamines.
Cocamide Diethanolamine is considered safe as used in cosmetics, still, the cosmetic industry is actively looking at alternatives and it is used less and less often.

Cocamide Diethanolamine, commonly known as Cocamide DEA, is an ingredient used in many personal care products to enhance and stabilise foam formation.
Moreover, Cocamide Diethanolamine is a known skin irritant and is associated with some health risks and contamination concerns.

Cocamide Diethanolamine is a clear liquid created by reacting coconut fatty acids with a synthetic chemical called Diethanolamine.
Besides, Cocamide Diethanolamine has been used for many years in soaps, shampoos and other products as a surfactant foam-booster or a viscosity increasing agent.

Cocamide Diethanolamine is known to be a contact allergen to a small percent of people who are sensitive to this ingredient.
In 2012, the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment added Cocamide Diethanolamine to the Proposition 65 list of chemical compounds that may increase risk of cancer.

A review by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel concluded that Cocamide Diethanolamine is "safe when formulated to be non-irritating", however it "should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds may be formed."
It is suggested that the presence of free DEA as an impurity in Cocamide Diethanolamine solutions has the potential to form carcinogenic compounds.


Cocamide Diethanolamine is a diethanolamide made with the mixture of fatty acids from coconut oils and diethanolamine.
In addition, Cocamide Diethanolamine acts as a foaming agent and is used in bath products like shampoos and hand soaps, and in other personal care products as an emulsifying agent.

Cocamide Diethanolamine is an emulsifier, thickener and foaming agent.
More to that, Cocamide Diethanolamine has the ability to increase the foaming capacity and/or stabilize the foam of a surfactant, most often a bath product such as shampoo or bubble bath.
Cocamide Diethanolamine can also increase the viscosity of an aqueous (water based) solution.

Cocamide Diethanolamine effectively cleans the hair and conditions with its natural fatty acids derived from coconut oil.
Further to that, Cocamide Diethanolamine can also increase the viscosity of an aqueous (water based) solution.

Cocamide Diethanolamine also has the ability to enhance the performance of other ingredients.
Additionally, Cocamide Diethanolamine is widely used in Body wash, Shampoo , Hand wash , Liquid soap & Face wash.


Technical uses of Cocamide Diethanolamine:

Degreasers
Hard surface cleaners
Metalworking cleaners
Textiles
Dyes and pigments


Cosmetic uses of Cocamide Diethanolamine:

Emulsion stabilizing
Surfactant-cleansing
Surfactant-emulsifying
Surfactant-foam boosting
Viscosity controlling.


Cocamide DEA (Cocamide Diethanolamine) is a foaming agent that is used in skin care and hair care products like shampoos and hand soaps.
Furthermore, Cocamide Diethanolamine is used in cosmetic products as an emulsifying agent that helps keep the formulations stable and prevents the ingredients from separating.

Further, Cocamide Diethanolamine is a surfactant which means that it reduces the surface tension between different compounds.
The chemical formula of Cocamide Diethanolamine is CH3(CH2)nC(=O)N(CH2CH2OH)2.

Cocamide Diethanolamine is used in skin care and hair care products as a foaming agent. Moreover, Cocamide Diethanolamine also helps keep the ingredients together and results in a more stable formulation.


Skin care:

Cocamide Diethanolamine enables both oil and water to be mixed in evenly and also increases the foaming capacity of products like bubble baths.


Hair care:

Conditioners and shampoos with Cocamide Diethanolamine have the ability to trap any oil-based dirt on hair and rinse it off.
Cocamide Diethanolamine is also a thickener and improves the texture of products

Cocamide Diethanolamine is a viscous and amber-colored liquid that is made by reacting the fatty acids obtained from coconut oil with a chemical called ethanolamine.
The natural fatty acids are chemically altered to result in this foaming agent.

Cocamide Diethanolamine is halal and was declared safe to be used in rinse-off products at a concentration of less than 10%.
However, the use of Cocamide Diethanolamine has reduced over the years.
This is because prolonged and heavy use of Cocamide Diethanolamine has been linked to cancer.

Even in small quantities, Cocamide Diethanolamine can have some side effects like itching.
Further, Cocamide Diethanolamine should be avoided in products containing nitrosating agents as they can react and become potentially harmful.

Cocamide Diethanolamine is an emulsifier, thickener and foaming agent.
Besides, Cocamide Diethanolamine has the ability to increase the foaming capacity and/or stabilize the foam of a surfactant, most often a bath product such as shampoo or bubble bath.
Cocamide Diethanolamine can also increase the viscosity of an aqueous (water based) solution.


Functions of Cocamide Diethanolamine:

Cocamide Diethanolamine is an emulsifier, thickener and foaming agent.
In addition, Cocamide Diethanolamine has the ability to increase the foaming capacity and/or stabilize the foam of a surfactant, most often a bath product such as shampoo or bubble bath.
Cocamide Diethanolamine can also increase the viscosity of an aqueous (water based) solution.

Because Cocamide Diethanolamine is both water soluble and oil soluble, it enables both water and oil to be evenly dispersed in a solution.
Cocamide Diethanolamine also traps the oil based dirt of the hair so that it can be rinsed away.

While traditional cleansing surfactants (i.e. soap) have a drying effect, Cocamide Diethanolamine effectively cleans the hair and conditions it with its natural fatty acids derived from coconut oil.
Cocamide Diethanolamine also has the ability to enhance the performance of other ingredients, namely cleansing agents and conditioners.

You'll mostly find Cocamide Diethanolamine in shampoo, body wash, cleanser, liquid soap, bubble bath, dandruff treatment, hair dye exfoliant/scrub and bath oil.


Uses of Cocamide Diethanolamine:

Foaming Agent
Emulsifying Agent
Personal Care Products
Pet Care Products
Household Cleaning Products



DESCRIPTION


Cocamide DEA, or cocamide diethanolamine, is a diethanolamide made by reacting the mixture of fatty acids from coconut oils with diethanolamine.
More to that, Cocamide Diethanolamine is a viscous liquid and is used as a foaming agent in bath products like shampoos and hand soaps, and in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent.

The chemical formula of individual components is CH3(CH2)nC(=O)N(CH2CH2OH)2, where n typically ranges from 8 to 18.
Cocamide Diethanolamine is a mixture of many individual substances and cannot be adequately represented by a single molecular structure.

Diethanolamides are excellent foam boosters, stabilizers and viscosity builders/modifiers for shampoos, hand soaps and bath products.
Cocamide Diethanolamine is derived from whole coconut and contains glycerin for added conditioning properties.

Cocamide Diethanolamine is a mixture of diethanolamides of coconut esters.
Further to that, Cocamide Diethanolamine is obtained by the reaction of coconut oil fatty acids with diethanolamine.
Usual quality of Cocamide Diethanolamine is 80%

Cocamide Diethanolamine is classified as nonionic surfactant.
At room temperature Cocamide Diethanolamine is a viscous and amber colored liquid with a characteristic odor.
Cocamide Diethanolamine is a surfactant made by chemically altering the chemical composition of certain fatty acids in coconut oil with diethanolamine.



PROPERTIES


Boiling Point: 168-274°C
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 450-850 cP
Physical State: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.004
Color: Light Yellow
Evaporation Rate: Not Available
Odor: Characteristic
Vapor Pressure: Not Available
pH (1% Aqueous Solution): ~ 10
Vapor Density: Not Available
Melting Point: Not Available
Solubility in Water: Dispersible
Boiling Point: ~ 150°C %
Volatile (by weight): Negligible
Flash Point: > 100°C
Auto Ignition Temp.: Not Available
Flammability: Not flammable, but will burn
Decomposition Temp.: Not Available
Explosive Limits: Not Available
Relative Density: Not Available



FIRST AID


General Advice:

No hazards which require special first aid measures.


Inhalation:

If respiratory irritation develops, remove to fresh air. If difficulty breathing, give oxygen
and get medical attention.
If not breathing, apply artificial respiration and get medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Flush with plenty of water. Obtain medical attention if irritation develops.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash separately before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold eyelids open to ensure adequate flushing.

Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Continue flushing.
Get medical attention.


Ingestion:

Do NOT induce vomiting.
Do not give anything to an unconscious person.
If conscious wash mouth out and give 1 - 2 glasses of water to drink.

Get medical attention.
Vomiting may occur spontaneously - lay victim on side to avoid aspiration of swallowed product.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Wear personal protective equipment as defined in the safety sheet.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place in original closed containers away from heat, open flame and out of direct sunlight.



SYNONYMS


Cocamide DEA
Coconut acid
diethanolamide
Coconut diethanolamide
Coconut fatty acid amide of diethanolamine
Coconut fatty acids diethanolamide
Coconut oil acid
diethanolamide
Coconut oil acids diethanolamide
Coconut oil acids, diethanolamine
Coconut oil diethanolamide
Coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide
Coconut oil fatty acids diethanolamide
Diethanolamides of the fatty acids of coconut oil
N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut oil amide
N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)cocoamide
N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)coconut fatty acid amide
N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)amides
coco
N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)coco amides
N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)coco fatty amides
clindrol 200cgn
clindrol 202cgn
clindrol superamide 100cg
cocamide diethanolamine
coconut oil acid diethanolamine
coconut oil diethanolamine
comperlan kd
comperlan ls
comperlan pd
conco emulsifier k
elromid kd 80
empilan cde
ethylan a 15
ethylan ld
lauridit kdg
marlamid d 1218
monamid 150d
monamid 150db
ninol 1281
ninol 2012E
ninol p 621
p and g amide 72
purton cfd
schercomid cda
steinamid dc 2129
steinamid dc 2129E
varamide a 10
varamide a 2
varamide a 83
witcamide 5133
witcamide 82

COCAMIDE MEA, N° CAS : 68140-00-1, Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique, Nom INCI : COCAMIDE MEA, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 268-770-2 ,Le cocamide MEA est un composé synthétisé à partir d'huile de coco et d'éthanolamine. C'est un tensioactif non ionique utilisé pour venir compléter l'action des anioniques. Il sert aussi d'agent émulsifiant dans les cosmétiques.Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. (1Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dodecanimidic acid (1Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dodecanimidsäure [German] 142-78-9 [RN] 205-560-1 [EINECS] Acide (1Z)-N-(2-hydroxyéthyl)dodécanimidique [French] Dodecanamide, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)- [ACD/Index Name] Dodecanimidic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, (1Z)- [ACD/Index Name] Lauric acid monoethanolamide Lauric monoethanolamide N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dodecanamid [German] N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dodecanamide N-(2-Hydroxyéthyl)dodécanamide [French] N-lauroylethanolamine 1:1 Cocamide MEA 1:1 Lauramide MEA 2-Dodecanamidoethanol 68140-00-1 [RN] Ablumide LME Alkamide L-203 Amisol LDE Amisol LME Amisol LME; Comperlan LM; Copramyl; Crillon LME; Cyclomide LM; Lauramide MEA; Lauridit LM; Rewomid L 203; Rolamid CM; Stabilor CMH; Steinamid L 203; Ultrapole H; Vistalan Cocamide MEA Cocomonoethanolamide COCONUT OIL MONOETHANOLAMIDE Comperlan LM Copramyl Crillon L.M.E. Crillon LME Cyclomide LM Dodecanamide, N-2-hydroxyethyl- dodecanoyl ethanolamide Dodecylethanol amide EINECS 205-560-1 Empilan LME Hartamide LMEA Incromide LCL LAURAMIDE MEA Lauramide Monoethanolamide Lauramide-MEA (1:1) Lauric acid ethanolamide lauric acid monoethanolamide 95% LAURIC ACID MONOETHANOLAMINE Lauric N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amide LAURICACIDMONOETHANOLAMIDE Lauricethylolamide Lauridit LM Lauroyl monoethanolamide lauroyl-EA Lauroylethanolamide lauroyl-ethanolamine Lauryl monoethanolamide Laurylamidoethanol LAURYLETHANOLAMIDE Mackamide LMM Monoethanolamine lauric acid amide N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dodecaneamide N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)LAURAMIDE N-(dodecanoyl)ethanolamine N-(dodecanoyl)-ethanolamine N-dodecanoylethanolamine Rewomid L 203 Rolamid CM Stabilor C.M.H. Stabilor CMH Steinamid L 203 Ultrapole H Vistalan

DESCRIPTION:


Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) is a non-ionic surfactant belonging to the group of ethoxylated coconut amines with an average degree of ethoxylation of 15 moles.
Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) has the form of a liquid with a characteristic smell.
The product's INCI name is: PEG-15 Cocamine.

CAS: 61791-14-8
EINECS: 500-152-2


Due to the presence of a double oxyethylene chain at the nitrogen atom, the product exhibits the activity of both a non-ionic and a cationic surfactant, especially in acidic systems.
Thanks to the cationic character, the Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) molecule can form a single layer (film) on the metal surface, which gives it anti-corrosive properties.




ADVANTAGES OF COCAMINE ETHOXYLATED (12 EO)

Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) is an effective emulsifier,
Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) is resistant to hard water and acid and alkaline environment,
Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) has anti-corrosion properties,
Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) has excellent detergency properties.


APPLICATIONS OF COCAMINE ETHOXYLATED (12 EO):
Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) is used in hair dyes and cosmetics
Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) is used in industrial and institutional cleaning
Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) is used in textile

Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) is used in car cosmetics
Cocamine Ethoxylated (12 Eo) is used in metal degreasing



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT COCAMINE ETHOXYLATED (12 EO):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product






SYNONYMS OF COCAMINE ETHOXYLATED (12 EO):
Cocamine ethoxylated (12 EO)
61791-14-8
Cocamine ethoxylated (15 EO)
61791-14-8
Polyoxyethylene(15) cocoamine
Polyoxyethylene(15)cocoamine

Amides, coco, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl], N-oxides; Amides, coco, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl), N-oxide; Cocamidopropylamine oxide Coco amides, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl), N-oxide; N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)coco amides-N-oxide; 3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)propyl cocoamido amine oxide; 3-Cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide; Cocamidopropyldimethylamine oxide Cocoamido-3-propyldimethylamine oxide; N,N-Dimethyl-N-(3-(coconut oil alkyl)amidopropyl)amine oxide; N,N-Dimethyl-N-(3-cocamidopropyl)amine oxide; N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl) coco amides N-oxides; N-(Cocoamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, oxide; Amides, coco, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl), N-oxides CAS NO:68155-09-9

Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated; Ethoxylated cocoamines; Cocoamine, ethoxylated; PEG-n Cocamine; Polyethylene glycol (n) coconut amine; 2-Hydroxyethyl coco amine, ethoxylated; (Coconut oil alkyl)amine, ethoxylated; Polyoxyethylene (n) coconut amine CAS NO:61791-14-8

Coco Dietanolamine; Coconut Oil Acid Diethanolamine Condensate; Coconut fatty acid amide of diethanolamine; Coconut diethanolamide; Cocamide DEA; coconut oil diethanolamine; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoamide; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut fatty acid amide; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut oil amide; Coconut fatty acids diethanolamide; cas no: 68603-42-9

COCO CAPRYLATE coco caprylate/caprate Rating: GOOD Categories: Emollients, Skin-Softening Coco caprylate/caprate is made by combining esters from coconut-derived fatty alcohol (the non-drying kind) with caprylic and capric acids, also from coconut. It may be plant-derived or synthetic- It is used the natural form--and functions as a lightweight emollient. Along with providing emollient benefit, this ingredient can also help solubilize other cosmetic ingredients. It is considered safe as used in cosmetics. Coco Caprylate /Caprate is a straight, unbranched wax ester made of C12-C18 coconut fatty alcohol and a defined blend of fractionated fatty acids of vegetable origin. A non-oily character and excellent compatibility make it the right choice for a wide range of personal care and cosmetic applications especially for replacing Silicone oils while maintaining their elegant light skin feel. It is considered a true vegetable alterna­tive for light petrochemical based emollients like IPM, mineral oils or silicones (e.g. D5). Coco Caprylate /Caprate is one of the fastest spreading natural emollients. It decreases heavy and greasy skin feel of slow spreading oils and will benefit the formulation with a long-lasting care effect. It can be easily incorporated in emulsion formulations by simply adding it to the oil phase in hot or cold processes. The pH value of the final formulation should range between pH 4 and 8. Cosmetic Functions: Coco Caprylate /Caprate acts as an emollient and leaves a light, non-oily smooth and velvet skin sensation. It is very popular as a natural alternative to light silicones and mineral oils. It has a similar skin sensation like Cyclomethicone or light Dimethicone types. Applications: Eye creams Skin creams Body lotions Sun protection products Massage products Micellar Water Make-up Remover INCI: Coco Caprylate /Caprate Appearance: Slightly yellowish, transparent liquid Odor: Characteristic fatty Refraction Index (nD20)* 1.443 -1.447 Density (20°C)* 0.850 -0.870 g/ml Acid value ≤ 0.5 mg KOH/g Saponification value 160-173 mg KOH/g Iodine value ≤ 1 g I/100 Hydroxyl value ≤ 5 mg KOH/g Water content ≤ 0.1 % Suggested Usage Rates: 2-25% Storage: Protected from direct light and humidity at a temperature of 50°-77°F (10°-25°C) Shelf life: 24 months, properly stored, in sealed container. This product should be added to a formulation at the recommended usage rate. What Is Coco Caprylate Doing In My Natural Skin Care Products? Why is Coco Caprylate in skin care and cosmetics? When I formulated my natural skin care line, I not only researched ingredients-I also studied what we love about our favorite moisturizers in the first place. Of course, the best moisturizer for dry skin has to have emollients that hydrate and replenish moisture-while minimizing moisture loss-but it also should feel silky and smooth on your skin. It's All In the Feel. Oils are fantastic emollients, but the fact is we don't like feeling too oily. So beyond functionality, I also learned that we prefer lotions and conditioners that feel silky, glide on and spread easily across our skin. That silky, gliding feel is called "slip"-and this is where a little chemistry comes into play, which is a good thing, because chemistry is a part of everything in life. And in this case, we really should think of it as green technology: Coco Caprylate /caprate is a skin-conditioning agent naturally derived from coconut oil to provide high hydration, superb spreadability and elegant slip. Function & Results Are Foremost in Formulating Eu2Be Of course, there are cheaper and less natural ways to get that silky feel, but Coco Caprylate is a wonderfully natural alternative with an un-natural sounding name. I love it for its bio-compatibility with human skin, and it was really the only path for me in formulating Eu2Be. The sensory-and even sensual-experience is one of the key benefits of a good skin care ritual, and Coco Caprylate gives us that light, silky feel we want from our skin care products. Plus, it penetrates the skin surface and helps with skin regeneration. One reason that beauty editors, green bloggers and customers alike give us high marks in skin moisturizer reviews, is the feel that Coco Caprylate gives them. When it comes to choosing lotions, looking for good, wholesome ingredients is a must-but we also want a luxurious, long-lasting experience, and Coco Caprylate /caprate delivers the goods. If you like our POV, join the thousands who enjoy our occasional emails packed with essential bare skin care tips, product news and inspiring ideas for wellness. Coco Caprylate /Caprate Natural based Emollient Fast Spreading Non-Oily skin feel Coco Caprylate /Caprate is a straight, unbranched wax ester made of C12-C18 coconut fatty alcohol and a defined blend of fractionated fatty acids of vegetable origin. A non-oily character and excellent compatibility make it the right choice for a wide range of personal care and cosmetic applications especially for replacing Silicone oils while maintaining their elegant light skin feel. It is considered a true vegetable alterna­tive for light petrochemical based emollients like IPM, mineral oils or silicones (e.g. D5). Coco Caprylate /Caprate is one of the fastest spreading natural emollients. It decreases heavy and greasy skin feel of slow spreading oils and will benefit the formulation with a long-lasting care effect. It can be easily incorporated in emulsion formulations by simply adding it to the oil phase in hot or cold processes. The pH value of the final formulation should range between pH 4 and 8. Cosmetic Functions: Coco Caprylate /Caprate acts as an emollient and leaves a light, non-oily smooth and velvet skin sensation. It is very popular as a natural alternative to light silicones and mineral oils. It has a similar skin sensation like Cyclomethicone or light Dimethicone types. Applications: Eye creams Skin creams Body lotions Sun protection products Massage products Micellar Water Make-up Remover INCI: Coco Caprylate /Caprate Appearance: Slightly yellowish, transparent liquid Odor: Characteristic fatty Refraction Index (nD20)* 1.443 –1.447 Density (20°C)* 0.850 –0.870 g/ml Acid value ≤ 0.5 mg KOH/g Saponification value 160-173 mg KOH/g Iodine value ≤ 1 g I/100 Hydroxyl value ≤ 5 mg KOH/g Water content ≤ 0.1 % Coco Caprylate /CAPRATE Coco Caprylate /CAPRATE is classified as : Emollient Skin conditioning COSING REF No: 75266 Chem/IUPAC Name: Alcohols, coco, mixed esters with octanoic and decanoic acids A clear, colorless to slightly yellowish oil that makes the skin nice and smooth (emollient), spreads easily on the skin and is marketed as a good alternative to volatile (does not absorb into the skin but rather evaporates from it) silicones like Cyclomethicone. Coco Caprylate / CAPRATE INCI: Coco Caprylate /Caprate Extraction: a vegetable ingredient obtained from coconut. Benefits: presents a high level of biocompatibility with skin and therefore has the ability to penetrate deep and help skin to repair itself. It acts as an emollient and provides skin with incredible softness.

Coconut Oil Acid Diethanolamine Condensate; Coconut fatty acid amide of diethanolamine; Coconut diethanolamide; Cocamide DEA; coconut oil diethanolamine; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoamide; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut fatty acid amide; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut oil amide; Coconut fatty acids diethanolamide; cas no: 68603-42-9

Coconut de diéthanolamine, Numéro CAS : 68603-42-9, DIÉTHANOLAMIDE d'acides gras de coco,La diéthanolamide de coco s'obtient de la réaction des acides gras de l'huile de coco avec diéthanolamine. Noms français :Coconut de diéthanolamine, Diéthanolamide de coco, Diéthanolamide de coconut, Diéthanolamine d'huile de noix de coco condensée, Diéthanolamine de coconut Noms anglais :Amides, coco, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl), Amides, coco, N-bis(hydroxyethyl)-, Coco diethanolamide, Cocodiethanolamine, Coconut acid, diethanolamide, Coconut diethanolamide Coconut oil acid diethanolamine,Coconut oil acid, diethanolamide, Coconut oil acids diethanolamide, Coconut oil acids, diethanolamide, Coconut oil amide, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-, Coconut oil, diethanolamine condensate, Coconut oil fatty acids, diethanolamide, Coconut oil oil fatty acids diethanolamide, Coconut oil, diethanolamide, N,N-bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)cocoamide , N,N-bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)coconut fatty acid, N,N-bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)coconut fatty acid amide, N,N-bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)coconut oil amide Utilisation et sources d'émission, Fabrication de shampooing. Cocamide DEA; COCONUT DIETHANOLAMIDE; Coconut oil diethanolamine; Fatty Acid Diethanolamide; N,N,-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-coconut fatty acid amide; n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coco amides; N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanamide

DESCRIPTION

Coco Glucoside is a natural, non-ionic surfactant that is derived from coconut oil and glucose, a sugar found in plants.
Coco Glucosides are used to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve the washing process.
Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.



CAS NUMBER: 68515-73-1



DESCRIPTION:

Coco Glucoside is a favourite because of its natural credentials, derived from Coconut and Fruit Sugars.
Coco Glucoside is completely biodegradable and contains no lauryl sulphates, laureth sulphates, parabens, formaldehyde or diethanolamides.
Coco Glucoside also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Coco Glucoside you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.

Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants and is compatible with all skin types.
Coco Glucoside can be used in both body and hair care products.
Coco Glucoside doesn't only have to be in foaming products.
Coco Glucoside can be used in cleansers and moisturisers also.

Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant produced from glucose and fatty acid.
Cleanses gentle and sensitive skin without drying it out.
Coco Glucoside is suitable for organic products.
Coco Glucoside is soluble in nature.
Coco-Glucoside is a 100% renewable, plant-based cleansing agent with moderate to high stability foaming, also biodegradable and gentle on the skin.
Coco Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant made from plant-derived raw materials and is RSPO-MB certified sustainable.

Coco-Glucoside has premium skin compatibility profiles and is perfectly gentle.
Thanks to its invaluable softness, Coco Glucoside is also an excellent choice for sensitive skin and baby cleansing concepts.
Coco Glucoside creates an effective cleaning synergy with its foaming performance.
Coco Glucoside is a mild and effective.
Coco-Glucoside is a golden yellow natural ingredient that when added to cosmetics, skincare, or hair care, provides various benefits.

Coco Glucoside is primarily a surfactant that reduces the tension in the formulations and improves the overall experience.
Coco-Glucoside is a common ingredients especially for cleansing products.
Coco Glucoside is also gentle on the skin and hair when used as a conditioning agent.
The chemical formula of Coco-Glucoside is C18H36O6.
Coco-Glucoside has a number of uses and is quite an important ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
This ingredient is well suited for all skin and hair types and can be found in a range of products such as moisturizers, cleansers, and scrubs.

Coco Glucoside is a gentle cleansing agent that provides all moisturizing properties of coconuts to the skin.
Coco Glucoside is a deeply nourishing emulsifying ingredient that hydrates the skin and locks in moisture for a long period of time.
Coco Glucoside also prevents the skin from drying out as it imparts hydrating properties to the products.
Coco Glucoside is great for dry and frizzy hair as it conditions them deeply and leaves them nourished.

Coco Glucoside helps in detangling the hair and softening out the shafts.
Coco-Glucoside is also a great surfactant and reduces the tension in the formulations
Coco-glucoside is a surfactant produced by chemical reaction between glucose and coconut oil-derived ingredients.
With ultra-gentle cleansing properties, Coco Glucoside is well-suited to all skin types and makes an ideal addition to mild formulations for natural products that are especially intended for sensitive skin

Coco Glucoside is mainly used to build viscosity and increase the foaming capacity of liquid soap in hair and skin-care products.
Coco Glucoside exhibits excellent cleansing characteristics on the skin and hair.
Coco Glucoside is compatible with all skin types and is gentle on the skin and hair.
Coco Glucoside is primarily used in hair and skin-care products to improve the viscosity and foaming capacity of liquid soap.
Coco Glucoside has remarkable cleaning properties for both skin and hair.

Coco Glucoside is well-suited to all skin types and provides a great addition to mild formulations for natural products that are specifically intended for sensitive skin, thanks to its ultra-gentle washing characteristics.
Coco Glucoside, which is known for its exceptional foaming characteristics, provides a highly pleasant and stable foam, making it a great addition to foamy bath products like bubble baths and shampoos.
Because Coco Glucoside is compatible with all other surfactants, it can be used as a co-surfactant without jeopardising the end product’s stability, performance, or foaming and cleansing abilities.

Coco Glucoside makes thickening a natural preparation simple while keeping the gentleness and efficacy of the final product.
Coco Glucoside’s emulsifying property induces oil and water to combine when added to soaps, making it simpler for oily residue on the skin or hair to connect to soap and water, leaving the body washed without stripping away its natural oils.
Coco-glucoside is an excellent surfactant, Coco Glucoside is gentle on the skin and also has the property to facilitate styling.
A surfactant is an ingredient that reduces surface tension and promotes an even distribution of the product when used.
Excipient, washing agent in a cleaning product, it is found in cosmetics in shampoos, bath and shower products, and also in household cleaners and detergents.

Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Coco Glucoside is derived from renewable raw materials such as coconut oil and fruit sugars and is completely biodegradable.
Coco Glucoside is natural, biodegradable and safe for the environment.
Coco-Glucoside is very mild and acts primarily as a gentle cleansing agent, suitable for all skin types including sensitive skin.
Coco Glucoside also works very well as an emulsifier aiding the combining of water and oils such as essential oils and some carrier oils.

Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants on the market.
Coco Glucoside works by breaking surface tension in liquids, which aids cleansing.
Coco Glucoside also possess excellent foaming properties and can maintain skin balance.
Coco glucoside is a natural, biodegradable, and non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose.
Coco Glucoside is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry as a gentle cleansing agent, foaming agent, and emulsifier.

Coco Glucoside is known for its mildness and compatibility with sensitive skin.
Coco glucoside is produced by combining coconut oil with glucose.
The reaction between these ingredients forms a sugar-based compound with surfactant properties.
Surfactants are substances that lower the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid, allowing them to mix more easily.
As a cleansing agent, coco glucoside effectively removes dirt, oils, and impurities from the skin or hair without stripping away natural moisture.
Coco Glucoside produces a rich, creamy lather and helps create a luxurious feel in personal care products like shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and soaps.

Coco glucoside is considered to be a milder alternative to harsher surfactants like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium laureth sulfate (SLES).
Coco Glucoside is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive or dry skin, and is often used in products marketed as "sulfate-free" or "gentle."
Furthermore, coco glucoside is biodegradable, meaning it breaks down easily in the environment and poses less harm to aquatic life compared to some synthetic surfactants.
This makes it a more environmentally friendly choice for personal care products.

Overall, coco glucoside is a versatile and sustainable ingredient that offers effective cleansing properties while being gentle on the skin and environmentally conscious.
Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant made from 100% renewable, plant-derived feedstocks and is RSPO-MB certified sustainable.
Coco Glucoside has first-rate environmental and skin compatibility profiles, creating perfect synergy of mildness, foam performance and effective cleansing.
Coco Glucoside is a perfect fit also for sensitive skin and baby cleansing concepts.

Coco Glucoside is a mild and effective alternative.
Coco Glucoside acts as a detergent with foaming ability and good skin cleansing properties, suitable for use as the main surfactant or surfactant in the development of cleaning products.
Coco-Glucoside with its special properties Unlike other detergents on the market that often use sulfate compounds.
Coco Glucoside is produced from coconut oil.
Coco Glucoside has an intermediate property between Decyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside, with glucose from corn and wheat, it gives good foam with medium bubble size.



APPLICATION:

-Shampoos
-body washes
-facial cleansers as cleansing and foaming agents
-laundry detergents
-dishwashing liquids.



USAGE AREAS:

-Mother and Baby Products
-Sensitive Skin
-Natural Products & Sulfate Free products
-Wet wipes
-Oral Care products such as toothpaste, mouthwash
-Hair cleansing products for sensitive scalp, sulfate-free shampoo (Sulphate-Free Shampoo)
-Eye area, hidden spot (Feminine Wash) etc. such as special product groups.




APPLICATION AREAS:

-Shower Gel
-Shampoo
-Face Wash
-Bath Foam



BENEFITS:

One of the main benefits of Coco Glucoside is that it is a mild, non-irritating surfactant, making it well-suited for use in products that are intended for sensitive skin or for use on young children.
Coco Glucoside is considered to be much milder than other common surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium laureate sulfate (SLES), which can be harsh and cause irritation.
Coco Glucoside is also an effective foaming agent, meaning it helps to create a rich, lathery foam when used in cleansing products.



FEATURES:

-Cleansing
-Emulsifying
-Foaming
-Hair conditioning
-Surfactant



BENEFITS:

-Natural renewable raw materials, preservative free
-Very mild and friendly to skin
-High alkaline resistance
-Good foam and oil removing properties in dish washing detergents



STORAGE:

Store light-protected in a cool and dry place.



SYNONYM:

COCO GLUCOSIDE
COCO-GLUCOSIDE
COCO-GLUCOSIDE
ICS790225B



IUPAC NAME:

C8-16 fatty alcohol glucoside
C8-C16-alkyl-glycoside
Coco-glucoside
Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C8-16-alkyl Glycosides
D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C8-16-alkyl glycosides
DECYL GLUCOSIDE
Decyl glucoside
Sodium Coco-glucoside tartrate

Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Coco Glucoside is a favourite because of its natural credentials, derived from Coconut and Fruit Sugars.
Coco Glucoside is completely biodegradable and contains no lauryl sulphates, laureth sulphates, parabens, formaldehyde or diethanolamides.

CAS: 141464-42-8
MF: C16H32O6
MW: 320.42168

A yellow to golden yellow, cloudy and viscous liquid, which increases the foaming capacity in skincare and haircare products.
Coco Glucoside also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Coco Glucoside you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.

Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants and is compatible with all skin types.
Coco Glucoside can be used in both body and hair care products.
Coco Glucoside doesn't only have to be in foaming products, it can be used in cleansers and moisturisers also.

Coco glucoside is a type of alkyl glucoside derived from glucose and coconut oil.
Coco Glucoside is a natural and vegetable based surfactant, cloudy yellow in colour and viscous in consistency.
Coconuts grow on the palm tree (cocus nuferia) mainly in lowland tropical parts of the world.
Coco glucoside is a type of alkyl glucoside, which is formed by mixing alcohols and sugar or glucose.

Coco Glucoside is natural, biodegradable and safe for the environment.
Coco-Glucoside is very mild and acts primarily as a gentle cleansing agent, suitable for all skin types including sensitive skin.
Coco Glucoside also works very well as an emulsifier aiding the combining of water and oils such as essential oils and some carrier oils.
Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants on the market.
Coco Glucoside works by breaking surface tension in liquids, which aids cleansing.
Coco Glucoside also possess excellent foaming properties and can maintain skin balance.

Coco-glucoside is an ingredient used in skincare formulations to help improve the cleansing abilities of cleansers, body washes and soaps.
Coco Glucoside is a mixture of fatty alcohol derived from coconut and glucose.
Generally, coco-glucoside is derived from coconuts but can also be made synthetically, minimizing the pressure on natural resources and reducing environmental issues with harvesting, processing, and transportation.

To get into the nitty-gritty, coco-glucoside is an alkyl glucoside.
Alkyl glucosides are a class of ingredients that are made by mixing alcohols and a sugar, in this case, glucose and fatty alcohols derived from coconut.

Coco-glucoside is used as a surfactant that helps to lift dirt and oils from the skin, allowing them to be washed away.
This is why you will often find coco-glucoside in cleansing products such as washes and cleansers.
Coco Glucoside is derived from coconuts.
Coco Glucoside is made by chemically reacting the non-drying fatty alcohol derivative from coconut oil and sugar glucose.
Although mostly plant-based, Coco Glucoside can also be made synthetically in the labs.

Coco glucoside is a natural surfactant and a cleansing agent.
Coco Glucoside is an alkyl glucoside, made by mixing fruit sugars (glucose) and ingredients derived from coconut oil.
Surfactant is a substance that lowers the surface tension between two liquids and act as a emulsifiers, foaming agents, dispersants, and detergents.

Coco Glucoside is a natural alternative to conventional toxic surfactants.
Coco Glucoside doesn’t irritate and dry-out the skin.
Coco Glucoside has all the natural moisturizing quality of the coconut.
Coco Glucoside is certified natural ingredient by natural product association and Ecocert.

Uses
Coco Glucoside can be found in everything from shampoo to hand soap to makeup to laundry detergent.
Coco Glucoside's one of the most common ingredients in Puracy personal care and cleaning products, thanks to its gentle, effective cleansing power.
Coco glucoside may also be used to condition skin, hair, and stabilize formulas.

Coco glucoside is a mixture of non-drying fatty alcohol from coconut oil and the sugar glucose.
Coco Glucoside primarily functions as a gentle cleansing agent in cosmetics because of its ability to lift dirt and oils from skin.
Coco Glucoside may be plant-derived (from coconuts) or manufactured synthetically.

In its raw form, coco glucoside is a cloudy, viscous solution.
The independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel has found coco glucoside is safe and non-irritating as used in cosmetics.
Coco Glucoside is used in concentrations up to 2% in leave-on products, and 15% in rinse-off formulations.

Coco Glucoside is a golden yellow natural ingredient that when added to cosmetics, skincare, or hair care, provides various benefits.
Coco Glucoside is primarily a surfactant that reduces the tension in the formulations and improves the overall experience.
Coco Glucoside is a common ingredients especially for cleansing products.
Coco Glucoside is also gentle on the skin and hair when used as a conditioning agent.
The chemical formula of Coco Glucoside is C18H36O6.

Coco Glucoside has a number of uses and is quite an important ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
Coco Glucoside is well suited for all skin and hair types and can be found in a range of products such as moisturizers, cleansers, and scrubs.

Skin care: Coco Glucoside is a gentle cleansing agent that provides all moisturizing properties of coconuts to the skin.
Coco Glucoside is a deeply nourishing emulsifying ingredient that hydrates the skin and locks in moisture for a long period of time.
Coco Glucoside also prevents the skin from drying out as it imparts hydrating properties to the products.

Hair care: Coco Glucoside is great for dry and frizzy hair as it conditions them deeply and leaves them nourished.
Coco Glucoside helps in detangling the hair and softening out the shafts.
Coco Glucoside is also a great surfactant and reduces the tension in the formulations

Coco Glucoside is found in hundreds of skincare products and used as a foaming agents, gel and liquids in soaps, shampoo, gel, makeup wipes, moisturizers, and hundreds of other products.
Coco Glucoside is widely used in hair shampoo; it doesn’t make the scalp dry and gives you the desired cleaning.

Manufacture
Coco glucoside is often manufactured using natural and/or renewable sources.
Coco Glucoside is formed by mixing alcohols (plant-based) with a sugar, glucose, or glucose polymer sourced from plants such as corn or potatoes.

Contact allergens
Decyl glucoside or decyl d-glucoside, also named decylbeta- d-glucopyranoside, belongs to the alkyl glucosides family and is obtained by condensation of the fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and a d-glucose polymer.
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to its foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps.
Decyl glucoside is also employed in leave-on products such as no-rinsing cleansing milks, lotions, and several sunscreen agents and is contained as a stabilizing surfactant of organic microparticles in sunscreen agent Tinosorb M.

Synonyms
68515-73-1
Decyl glucoside
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
Decyl D-glucopyranoside
Decyl D-glucoside
54549-25-6
decyl-d-glucoside
141464-42-8
D-Glucopyranoside, decyl
1-decyl-D-glucopyranoside
decyl glucopyranoside
EINECS 259-218-1
Glucoside, decyl
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-decoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Decyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-Pyran-3,4,5-triol
Capryl glycoside
MFCD23103077
Caprylyl glycoside
AC1MHWFS
C16H32O6
41444-55-7
n-decyl-d-glucopyranoside
SCHEMBL43196
DTXSID30893008
AKOS016004985
DS-3841
AK102442
A867031
W-111093
W-203522
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(DECYLOXY)-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXANE-3,4,5-TRIOL
197236-02-5
6801-91-8

Coco Glucoside is a golden yellow natural ingredient that when added to cosmetics, skincare, or hair care, provides various benefits.
Coco Glucosideis primarily a surfactant that reduces the tension in the formulations and improves the overall experience.
Coco Glucoside is a common ingredients especially for cleansing products.

CAS: 1613372-14-7

Coco Glucoside is also gentle on the skin and hair when used as a conditioning agent.
The chemical formula of Coco-Glucoside is C18H36O6.
Coco Glucoside is cosmetic product.
Coco Glucoside is used in preparation method of baby coconut oil shampoo and shower gel.
Coco Glucoside is derived from coconuts.
Coco Glucoside is made by chemically reacting the non-drying fatty alcohol derivative from coconut oil and sugar glucose.
Although mostly plant-based, Coco Glucoside can also be made synthetically in the labs.

Coco Glucoside is part of a range of nonionic environmentally friendly surfactants.
The feedstock of APG is based on fatty alcohol and glucose, which are obtained from renewable native resources.
Thus, APGs are completely biodegradable.
Because of their non-toxicity, non-irritation and many excellent surface active performances, APGs are widely used in the fields of detergents, cosmetics, foods and medicines.
Coco Glucoside has low surface tension and strong detergency with mildness, rich foaming ability and good performance of stabilization.
This grade appears as a light yellow, turbid ropy water solution.
Coco Glucoside provides good hydration and good resolvable properties in cold water.
Coco Glucoside also exhibits good solubility in high concentration of alkaline or electrolyte solution.

Coco Glucoside is a type of alkyl glucoside derived from glucose and coconut oil.
Coco Glucoside is a natural and vegetable based surfactant, cloudy yellow in colour and viscous in consistency.
Coconuts grow on the palm tree (cocus nuferia) mainly in lowland tropical parts of the world.
Coco glucoside is a type of alkyl glucoside, which is formed by mixing alcohols and sugar or glucose.

Coco Glucoside is natural, biodegradable and safe for the environment.
Coco Glucoside is very mild and acts primarily as a gentle cleansing agent, suitable for all skin types including sensitive skin.
It also works very well as an emulsifier aiding the combining of water and oils such as essential oils and some carrier oils.

Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants on the market.
Coco Glucoside works by breaking surface tension in liquids, which aids cleansing.
Coco Glucoside also possess excellent foaming properties and can maintain skin balance.

Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Coco Glucoside is a favourite because of its natural credentials, derived from Coconut and Fruit Sugars.
Coco Glucoside is completely biodegradable and contains no lauryl sulphates, laureth sulphates, parabens, formaldehyde or diethanolamides.

Characteristics
A yellow to golden yellow, cloudy and viscous liquid, which increases the foaming capacity in skincare and haircare products.
Coco Glucoside also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Coco Glucoside you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.

Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants and is compatible with all skin types.
Coco Glucoside can be used in both body and hair care products.
Coco Glucoside doesn't only have to be in foaming products, it can be used in cleansers and moisturisers also.

Uses
Coco Glucoside has a number of uses and is quite an important ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
Coco Glucoside is well suited for all skin and hair types and can be found in a range of products such as moisturizers, cleansers, and scrubs.

Skin care: Coco Glucoside is a gentle cleansing agent that provides all moisturizing properties of coconuts to the skin.
Coco Glucoside is a deeply nourishing emulsifying ingredient that hydrates the skin and locks in moisture for a long period of time.
Coco Glucoside also prevents the skin from drying out as it imparts hydrating properties to the products.

Hair care: Coco Glucoside is great for dry and frizzy hair as it conditions them deeply and leaves them nourished.
Coco Glucoside helps in detangling the hair and softening out the shafts.
Coco-Glucoside is also a great surfactant and reduces the tension in the formulations

Synonyms
PEG 8 PG Coco Glucoside Dimethicone

Coco glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose.
Coco glucoside is commonly used in the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products, as well as in some household and industrial products.
As a surfactant, coco glucoside exhibits excellent foaming and cleaning properties, making it suitable for a variety of applications.

CAS Number: 141464-42-8
EC Number: 604-232-9



Coco glucoside, Coconut glucoside, Coconut oil alkyl polyglycoside, C8-16 alkyl polyglucoside, Lauryl glucoside, Polyglyceryl-4 laurate, Lauroyl/myristoyl maltodextrin, Polyglyceryl-4 laurate/sebacate, Polyglyceryl-4 laurate/succinate, Glyceryl oleate citrate, Lauryl/myristyl glucoside, C8-16 alkyl polyglycoside, Lauryl/myristyl polyglucoside, Polyglyceryl-4 laurate/sebacate, Polyglyceryl-4 laurate/succinate, Glyceryl oleate citrate, Lauryl/myristyl glucoside, Alkyl polyglucoside, APG, Coconut oil-derived glucoside, C8-16 alkyl glucoside, Coco glucose, Glucoside from coconut oil, Alkyl polyglucoside surfactant, Plant-derived surfactant, Mild surfactant, Natural surfactant, Biodegradable surfactant, Renewable surfactant, Non-ionic surfactant, Eco-friendly surfactant, Alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, APG surfactant, Coco glucoside surfactant, Alkyl polyglycoside cleanser, Plant-based cleanser, Renewable cleanser, Eco-friendly cleanser, Natural cleanser, Mild cleanser, Green surfactant, Vegetable-derived surfactant, Renewable resource surfactant, Mild detergent, Coconut-based detergent, APG detergent, Eco-friendly detergent, Biodegradable detergent, Plant-derived detergent, Alkyl polyglycoside detergent, Coco glucoside detergent, Renewable resource detergent, Natural detergent, Mild soap, Coconut-derived soap, APG soap, Renewable soap, Eco-friendly soap, Biodegradable soap, Plant-based soap, and Alkyl polyglycoside soap.



APPLICATIONS


Coco glucoside finds widespread application in the formulation of mild and gentle facial cleansers.
Coco glucoside is commonly used in sulfate-free shampoos, contributing to their cleansing efficacy and foaming properties.

In body washes, Coco glucoside provides a luxurious lather while maintaining skin's moisture balance.
Coco glucoside is utilized in baby care products, ensuring a gentle and safe cleansing experience for delicate skin.

Due to its mild nature, Coco Glucoside is preferred in formulations for individuals with sensitive or irritated skin.
Coco glucoside is a key ingredient in natural and organic cleansers, aligning with the demand for green and sustainable beauty products.
In hand soaps, Coco glucoside combines effective cleansing with a gentle touch, suitable for frequent use.

Coco glucoside is employed in facial cleansing wipes, offering a convenient and gentle makeup removal solution.
Coco Glucoside contributes to the formulation of sulfate-free and mild shower gels for daily hygiene routines.
In natural and organic shampoos, it enhances the overall cleansing performance while meeting eco-friendly standards.

Coco glucoside is used in intimate hygiene products, providing a mild and non-irritating cleansing experience.
Coco glucoside is found in formulations for pet shampoos, ensuring gentle cleaning for furry companions.

Coco glucoside is utilized in natural and organic hand sanitizers, contributing to their mild and skin-friendly properties.
Coco glucoside is incorporated into facial cleansing foams, delivering a light and luxurious texture.
Coco glucoside is employed in the formulation of sulfate-free and eco-friendly dishwashing liquids.
In natural laundry detergents, it contributes to the removal of stains and soils while being gentle on fabrics.

Coco glucoside finds application in natural and green household cleaning products, promoting sustainability.
Coco glucoside is utilized in the formulation of mild and natural makeup removers, suitable for various skin types.
Coco glucoside contributes to the creation of sulfate-free and natural bubble baths, providing a relaxing and gentle bathing experience.

Coco glucoside is found in formulations for natural and eco-friendly floor cleaners, ensuring effective yet mild cleaning.
In personal care products for men, Coco Glucoside enhances the performance of sulfate-free and natural shaving foams.
Coco glucoside is used in the formulation of sulfate-free and mild exfoliating scrubs for face and body.

Coco glucoside contributes to the creation of mild and natural foaming hand cleansers for public spaces.
Coco glucoside is incorporated into sulfate-free and natural hair conditioners, promoting easy detangling and softening.
In natural and eco-friendly sunscreen formulations, Coco Glucoside aids in the dispersion of UV filters while offering a gentle feel on the skin.

Coco glucoside is a versatile ingredient in the formulation of natural and eco-friendly shaving creams, providing a smooth and gentle glide.
Coco glucoside is utilized in sulfate-free and natural toothpaste formulations, contributing to the mildness of the product.
In eco-friendly and biodegradable multi-surface cleaners, Coco Glucoside offers effective cleaning without harming the environment.

Coco glucoside is found in formulations for natural and green carpet cleaners, maintaining the integrity of fibers.
Coco glucoside is applied in sulfate-free and natural hair styling products, offering a flexible hold without compromising on mildness.
In gentle and natural pet grooming products, it helps cleanse and condition the fur without causing irritation.

Coco glucoside is employed in formulations for natural and mild foaming hand sanitizers, promoting hand hygiene without harshness.
Coco glucoside is used in sulfate-free and eco-friendly insect repellents, providing a skin-friendly solution for outdoor activities.
Coco glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and mild body scrubs, offering exfoliation without skin irritation.

In formulations for natural and gentle foot creams, it aids in moisturization and soothing effects.
Coco glucoside is applied in sulfate-free and natural hair masks, providing deep conditioning without weighing down the hair.
Coco glucoside is found in formulations for sulfate-free and mild leave-in hair conditioners, promoting manageability and shine.

In eco-friendly and natural pet stain removers, it helps break down stains without harming surfaces or fabrics.
Coco glucoside is utilized in sulfate-free and mild hand creams, contributing to softness and hydration.

Coco glucoside is employed in formulations for natural and gentle body lotions, ensuring smooth and nourished skin.
In sulfate-free and natural anti-aging serums, it aids in the dispersion of active ingredients for effective skincare.
Coco glucoside is found in sulfate-free and natural hair dyes, assisting in even color distribution.
Coco glucoside contributes to the formulation of sulfate-free and natural anti-dandruff shampoos, promoting a healthy scalp.

In sulfate-free and mild foaming facial cleansers, it effectively removes impurities without over-drying the skin.
Coco glucoside is utilized in sulfate-free and natural styling mousses, providing hold and definition without stiffness.
Coco glucoside is applied in sulfate-free and eco-friendly nail polish removers, offering a gentle solution for nail care.
Coco glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural deodorant formulations, providing a mild and effective solution for underarm care.

In sulfate-free and mild hand soaps for sensitive skin, it offers a gentle and refreshing cleansing experience.
Coco glucoside is employed in sulfate-free and natural hair volumizers, providing lift without compromising on hair health.
Coco glucoside is found in formulations for sulfate-free and natural bubble bath products, creating a luxurious and gentle bathing experience.

Coco glucoside is utilized in sulfate-free and natural body wash formulations, offering a mild and refreshing shower experience.
In sulfate-free and eco-friendly fabric softeners, it contributes to softening fabrics without the use of harsh chemicals.
Coco glucoside is found in sulfate-free and natural hair serums, providing a lightweight and frizz-controlling solution.

Coco glucoside is applied in sulfate-free and mild facial masks, assisting in the removal of impurities while maintaining skin balance.
Coco glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural baby shampoos, ensuring a gentle and tear-free cleansing routine.

In sulfate-free and eco-friendly sunscreens, Coco Glucoside helps disperse UV filters while offering a skin-friendly application.
Coco glucoside is employed in sulfate-free and natural foaming cleansers for makeup brushes, promoting effective and gentle cleaning.
Coco glucoside is used in sulfate-free and mild foot scrubs, aiding in exfoliation and softening of rough skin.
Coco glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural intimate wash formulations, providing a gentle and pH-balanced solution.
In sulfate-free and mild pre-shave oils, it aids in softening facial hair for a smoother shaving experience.

Coco glucoside is found in sulfate-free and natural cuticle oils, contributing to nail and cuticle care without harsh additives.
Coco glucoside is applied in sulfate-free and eco-friendly laundry pre-soaks, assisting in the removal of tough stains.
Coco glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural makeup brush cleaners, ensuring effective yet gentle cleansing.
In sulfate-free and mild bath oils, it enhances the dispersion of natural oils for a nourishing and soothing bath.
Coco glucoside is utilized in sulfate-free and natural leave-in hair detanglers, promoting ease of combing and manageability.

Coco glucoside is employed in sulfate-free and mild exfoliating body washes, offering a spa-like cleansing experience.
Coco glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural after-sun lotions, providing hydration and soothing effects for sun-exposed skin.
In sulfate-free and eco-friendly leather cleaners, it aids in the removal of dirt and stains without harming the material.

Coco glucoside is found in sulfate-free and natural lip balm formulations, contributing to smooth and nourished lips.
Coco glucoside is applied in sulfate-free and mild exfoliating hand cleansers, promoting soft and revitalized hands.
Coco glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural bath bombs, creating a gentle and luxurious bathing ritual.
In sulfate-free and eco-friendly tile cleaners, it helps remove grime and stains without damaging surfaces.

Coco glucoside is utilized in sulfate-free and mild scalp treatments, providing a soothing and nourishing experience.
Coco glucoside contributes to sulfate-free and natural makeup setting sprays, promoting long-lasting makeup without harsh fixatives.
In sulfate-free and eco-friendly air fresheners, it aids in the dispersion of natural fragrances for a pleasant environment.



DESCRIPTION


Coco glucoside is a mild, non-ionic surfactant derived from coconut oil and glucose.
Coco glucoside is commonly used in the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products, as well as in some household and industrial products.
As a surfactant, coco glucoside exhibits excellent foaming and cleaning properties, making it suitable for a variety of applications.

Coco glucoside is a gentle and mild surfactant widely used in cosmetic and personal care formulations.
Derived from coconut oil and glucose, Coco glucoside combines natural sources for effective cleansing.
Coco glucoside has excellent foaming properties, producing a creamy and stable lather.

With a plant-derived origin, Coco glucoside is known for its biodegradability and eco-friendly profile.
Its mildness makes it suitable for formulations targeting individuals with sensitive skin.
As a key ingredient in cleansers, it helps remove dirt, oils, and impurities without causing irritation.
Coco glucoside acts as an emulsifier, facilitating the blending of oil and water in various formulations.

Coco glucoside is compatible with a wide range of other ingredients commonly used in cosmetic products.
Its versatility extends to shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and baby care formulations.
Due to its natural origin, Coco Glucoside is often chosen for products seeking organic or natural certifications.
Coco glucoside contributes to the overall mildness of formulations, making it suitable for daily use.

With its renewable and sustainable sources, it aligns with the growing demand for eco-conscious products.
Coco Glucoside helps to improve the overall texture and feel of skincare and haircare products.
In addition to its cleansing properties, it provides a smooth and conditioned skin after use.
Coco glucoside exhibits good solubility in water, enhancing its ease of use in formulations.

Its production from coconut oil adds a touch of nourishment to personal care products.
Coco glucoside contributes to the creation of products with a natural and wholesome appeal.
As a part of green formulations, it aligns with consumer preferences for sustainable and natural choices.

In facial cleansers, it helps maintain the skin's natural balance and hydration.
Coco glucoside has a clear to slightly hazy appearance, adding to the aesthetic appeal of formulations.
Coco glucoside is often included in formulations for its contribution to stable and luxurious foam.
Its compatibility with various water hardness levels makes it suitable for diverse geographical regions.

The versatility of Coco Glucoside extends to haircare products, providing a gentle yet effective cleansing experience.
Coco glucoside contributes to the creation of products that cater to the rising demand for green and clean beauty.
With its gentle and natural cleansing properties, Coco Glucoside remains a popular choice in the formulation of personal care products worldwide.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Name: Coco Glucoside
Chemical Formula: C16H32O6
Molecular Weight: Approximately 320.42 g/mol
Appearance: Clear to slightly hazy liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Characteristic, mild
Solubility in Water: Soluble
pH (1% solution): 11.0 - 12.5
Boiling Point: Not readily available
Melting Point: Not readily available
Density: Approximately 1.0 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: Not readily available
Viscosity: Not readily available
Refractive Index: Not readily available
Freezing Point: Not readily available
Vapor Density: Not readily available
Flammability: Not flammable
Explosive Properties: Not explosive
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to metals
Partition Coefficient (Log P): Not readily available
Critical Temperature: Not readily available
Critical Pressure: Not readily available
Evaporation Rate: Not readily available
Stability: Stable under normal conditions



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Allow the person to rest in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if trained to do so.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists or if symptoms worsen.
In the presence of respiratory distress or unconsciousness, call for emergency medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, flush eyes with plenty of lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists or if there is evidence of injury.
If contact lenses are present, remove them after the initial flush and continue rinsing.


Ingestion:

If Coco Glucoside is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly and drink plenty of water.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Provide the medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Conditions:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area, or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Avoid inhaling vapors or mists.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact.
If contact occurs, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Coco Glucoside.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.
Provide eye wash stations and safety showers in areas where Coco Glucoside is handled.

Spill Response:
In case of spills, contain the spill using suitable absorbent materials.
Avoid contact with spilled material, and follow proper cleanup procedures.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations.

Equipment Handling:
Use appropriate handling equipment and tools to minimize direct contact with Coco Glucoside.
Ensure equipment is properly maintained to prevent leaks or spills.

Transportation:
Transport Coco Glucoside in accordance with local and international regulations.
Use suitable containers that are compatible with the substance.


Storage Conditions:

Storage Location:
Store Coco Glucoside in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep away from incompatible materials and sources of heat.

Temperature Control:
Store at temperatures specified by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Container Type:
Use containers made of materials compatible with Coco Glucoside.
Consult the SDS for guidance.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Protection from Elements:
Protect Coco Glucoside from direct sunlight, moisture, and sources of ignition.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store Coco Glucoside away from incompatible substances, such as strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.
Follow compatibility information provided in the SDS.

Handling of Large Quantities:
If handling large quantities, use appropriate storage facilities with containment measures to prevent spills and leaks.
Implement spill response and containment measures.

Labeling:
Ensure that storage containers are clearly labeled with the product name, hazard symbols, and other relevant information.
Clearly mark containers with appropriate hazard warnings.

Security Measures:
Implement appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the storage area.
Comply with local regulations and facility security protocols.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response procedures in place, including spill cleanup measures and contact information for relevant authorities.
Train personnel on emergency response protocols.

The chemical formula of Coco Glucoside is C18H36O6.
Coco Glucoside is a surfactant produced by chemical reaction between glucose and coconut oil-derived ingredients.


CAS Number: 1613372-14-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Alcohols, coco, reaction products with glucose
Origin(s): Vegetal, Synthetic
INCI name: COCO-GLUCOSIDE
Classification: Nonionic surfactant, Bio-compatible
Chemical class: Carbohydrates
Chemical structure depicted: Coconut Fatty Acids, D-Glucose



SYNONYMS:
Coco glucosides, CG, alkyl polyglycosides, alkyl C12-C14 polyglycosides, coconut glycosides, coco glucoside, palm kernel/Coco Glucoside



Coco Glucoside is a golden yellow natural ingredient that when added to cosmetics, skincare, or hair care, provides various benefits.
Coco Glucoside is primarily a surfactant that reduces the tension in the formulations and improves the overall experience.
Coco Glucoside is a common ingredients especially for cleansing products.


Coco Glucoside is also gentle on the skin and hair when used as a conditioning agent.
Coco Glucoside is a surfactant produced by chemical reaction between glucose and coconut oil-derived ingredients.
Coco glucoside (an alkyl glucoside) is a natural surfactant that's derived from coconuts.


Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant produced from glucose and fatty acid.
Coco Glucoside cleans gentle and sensitive skin without drying it out.
Coco Glucoside is suitable for organic products and is biodegradable.


Coco Glucoside mixes easily with other surfactants and can thicken.
Derived from coconuts, Coco Glucoside is made from a chemical reaction between non-drying fatty alcohol derivatives from coconut oil and sugar glucose.
Coco Glucoside's a yellow, clear liquid in appearance, and it has a slight odor and is water soluble.


When Glucose – sugar and starch from wheat or corn – reacts chemically with the fatty alcohols derived from Coconut Oil, the result is Coco Glucoside: a natural, gentle, and environmentally-friendly cleansing agent and surfactant (a title that is the shortened version of the term “Surface Active Agent”).
Coco Glucoside may also result from the combination of Glucose and Palm Oil derivatives.


Coco glucoside is a plant-based surfactant that usually appears as a cloudy liquid, and is found in many soaps and cleansers.
We use this ingredient in some of our personal care products for its gentle but effective cleansing properties, working with other moisturising ingredients to leave skin soft and smooth.


Regarding its safety profile, a group of Alkyl Glucosides, including Coco Glucoside, were assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel in 2013.
They reviewed their safety for dermal exposure in cosmetics and concluded they are “safe in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating.


This category of fatty acids is also listed by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) as being readily biodegradable, with low potential for bioaccumulation.
Coco Glucoside is a natural non-ionic surfactant which is derived from Coconut Oil and fruit sugars.
Coco Glucoside is a golden yellow, viscous liquid which enhances the foaming ability of the formulation in your favourite skincare and hair care products.


This natural surfactant, Coco Glucoside, is biodegradable and acts as an excellent conditioner and emulsifier.
Unlike lauryl sulphates and Laureth sulphates, Coco Glucoside contains no harmful toxic substances and it extremely mild on your skin.
It is also known for its cleansing properties due to which Coco Glucoside is used as a natural facial cleanser that gently cleanses your skin without drying it.


Coco Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant that is compatible with a broad range of surfactants and polymers, including cationic materials.
Coco Glucoside is a mild surfactant that is capable of not only increasing the mildness of cleansing formulas, but it is also capable of boosting foam production as well as modifying viscosity when used as a co-surfactant.


Coco Glucoside is a perfect fit for formulators seeking to use “green” surfactants as it has low eco-toxicity, is readily biodegradable, and is of vegetable origin.
Coco Glucoside is vegan suitable.


Coco Glucoside is a natural, non-ionic, surfactant
Coco Glucoside can be combined with all types of surfactants without reducing foam volume or stability.
Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, and viscosity building agent to liquid cleansers and shampoos.


The raw materials used are of vegetable origin (coconut and palm kernel oil, glucose).
Coco Glucoside is completely biodegradable, GMO-free and contains no parabens and phthalates.
Coco Glucoside is a yellow to golden yellow cloudy, viscous, aqueous liquid.


Coco Glucoside is a mixture of non-drying fatty alcohol from coconut oil and the sugar glucose.
Coco Glucoside primarily functions as a gentle cleansing agent in cosmetics because of its ability to lift dirt and oils from skin.
Coco Glucoside may be plant-derived (from coconuts) or manufactured synthetically.


In its raw form, Coco Glucoside is a cloudy, viscous solution.
The independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel has found Coco Glucoside is safe and non-irritating as used in cosmetics.
Obtained from the succulent coconut fruit, this cloudy liquid, non-ionic surfactant, Coco Glucoside, acts as an ultra-mild cleansing agent and is completely biodegradable.


Coco Glucoside is part of a range of nonionic environmentally friendly surfactants.
Coco Glucoside is an all-round surfactant with proven mildness.
Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant made from 100% renewable, plant-based raw materials and is RSPO-MB certified.


Coco Glucoside has a premium environmental and skin compatibility profile and creates a perfect synergy of mildness, foaming performance and effective cleansing.
Coco Glucoside is very gentle on skin and mucous membranes, hair and scalp.


Coco Glucoside improves the skin compatibility of conventional surfactant systems and convinces with excellent foaming behaviour, also in combination with other surfactants.
Skin and hair are gently cleansed.


Coco Glucoside is particularly suitable for sensitive skin, as well as for baby care and also for mild mouth cleansing.
Coco Glucoside is a type of alkyl glucoside derived from glucose and coconut oil.
Coco Glucoside is a natural and vegetable based surfactant, cloudy yellow in colour and viscous in consistency.


Coconuts grow on the palm tree (cocus nuferia) mainly in lowland tropical parts of the world.
Coco Glucoside is a type of alkyl glucoside, which is formed by mixing alcohols and sugar or glucose.
Coco Glucoside is natural, biodegradable and safe for the environment.


Coco Glucoside is very mild and acts primarily as a gentle cleansing agent, suitable for all skin types including sensitive skin.
Coco Glucoside also works very well as an emulsifier aiding the combining of water and oils such as essential oils and some carrier oils.
Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants on the market.


Coco Glucoside works by breaking surface tension in liquids, which aids cleansing.
Coco Glucoside also possess excellent foaming properties and can maintain skin balance.
Coco Glucoside is a vegetable origin (coconut/palm kernel oil, glucose) cleansing agent that gives moderate to high stable foam.


Coco Glucoside's also biodegradable and mild to the skin.
Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic, mild surfactant which can be used both as a primary surfactant in facial and baby care or as a co-surfactant in other foaming products.


Coco Glucoside is sulphate free, yields good foam and provides cleansing properties to the end formulation.
Coco Glucoside is derived from coconut oil and corn sugars and is completely biodegradable as well as being gentle and effective for all skin and hair types.


Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Coco Glucoside is derived from renewable raw materials such as coconut oil and fruit sugars and is completely biodegradable.
Coco Glucoside is from the same family of 'green' surfactants as Decyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside.


Coco Glucoside is the main ingredient in Lamesoft PO65.
Coco Glucoside is a natural, plant based surfactant.
Coco Glucoside may be derived from palm or coconut sources.


Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Coco Glucoside is a favourite because of its natural credentials, derived from Coconut and Fruit Sugars.
Coco Glucoside is completely biodegradable and contains no lauryl sulphates, laureth sulphates, parabens, formaldehyde or diethanolamides.


Coco Glucoside is a Non-ionic Vegetable based Natural Surfactant made from derivatives of Coconut Oil and Glucose.
Coco Glucoside is mild, Biodegradable, Palm Free and safe for the environment.
Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants and is compatible with all skin types.


Coco Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant belonging to the family of Alkyl Polyglucosides, it is ultra-mild, natural, and skin-friendly.
Coco Glucoside is an excellent quality surfactant, it is gentle on the skin.
Coco Glucoside is made from sugar and coconut.


Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Coco Glucoside is a favourite because of its natural credentials, derived from Coconut and Fruit Sugars.
Coco Glucoside is completely biodegradable and contains no lauryl sulphates, laureth sulphates, parabens, formaldehyde or diethanolamides.


Coco Glucoside makes a lovely body wash and also works well in hand wash and bath foam.
Coco Glucoside is in liquid form so can be cold processed.
Coco Glucoside is a yellow to golden yellow, cloudy and viscous liquid, which increases the foaming capacity in skincare and haircare products.


Coco Glucoside also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Coco Glucoside you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.
Coco Glucoside is great for sensitive skin and good for all skin types (though reactions may occur in extreme cases) which is why we at Rocky use it in our products.


Coco Glucoside is a gentle ingredient that is simple and natural.
Coco Glucoside also works to keep water and oil together is products like lotions and suncreens.
Coco Glucoside is a great emulsifier which is why we use it in our Oat Lotion and Natural Sunscreen.


Unlike some other surfactants, emulsifiers and cleansers, Coco Glucoside is very moisturizing.
Coco Glucoside does not dry out the skin or irritate like some conventional ingredients used in this space.
Coco Glucoside is also very gentle on the skin.


Coco Glucoside is your cleansing, foaming, all-natural, coconut oil based surfactant that is great for your skin.
Coco Glucoside is a nonionic surfactant.
Coco Glucoside is one of the least aggressive washing bases for the skin and is widely used in natural product formulations with Coco Betaine (amphoteric surfactant) and Decyl Glucoside (nonionic surfactant).


Coco Glucoside is created from sugar and coconut and is ideal for sensitive skin.
Coco Glucoside is allowed in organic.
Coco Glucoside is a gentle and eco-friendly surfactant that's derived from coconut oil and glucose.


Coco Glucoside's a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide range of personal care and household cleaning products.
Coco Glucoside is of high quality and purity, ensuring that you get the best results for your skin and the environment.
Coco Glucoside is produced through a chemical reaction between fruit sugars and ingredients in coconut oil, hence the name.


Coco Glucoside is an all-natural non-ionic surfactant.
This means that Coco Glucoside lowers the surface tension of two liquids and actually acts to keep everything together.
A surfactant is important to give products an amazing texture and viscosity.


Coco Glucoside acts as a surfactant and foaming agent.
Coco Glucoside is made from renewable raw materials and is easily biodegradable.
Coco Glucoside is easy to thicken and has excellent foaming properties.


Coco Glucoside is ethoxylate-free, sulphate-free and preservative-free.
Coco Glucoside improves the quality of the foam and adds smoothness and clarity to the formulations.
Coco Glucoside is compatible with many other surfactants, thickeners and even cationic conditioning polymers.


Coco Glucoside is gentle on skin and hair.
Coco Glucoside is cold-processable and suitable for clear formulations.
Coco Glucoside complies with ECOCERT and COSMOS standards.


Coco Glucoside is a water-miscible non-ionic surfactant used in a wide range of applications including hard surface and high performance cleaners, cosmetics, it has excellent wetting and excellent grease removal properties, dissolves quickly, has no gel range and rinses well.
Coco Glucoside is a vegetable-based non-ionic surfactant obtained from renewable raw materials such as coconut oil and glucose.


Coco Glucoside is an extremely mild cleansing agent with anti-irritant properties, very gentle to the skin and mucus membranes.
Coco Glucoside is biodegradable and ecologically harmless.
Coco Glucoside is a safe cleansing ingredient, with extreme mildness for face wash, purifying mask, shampoo, and other applications.


Coco Glucoside's ideal for those looking for mild solutions to protect and extend the health of their skin and hair.
Coco Glucoside is a "green" ingredient that is safe, not only for consumers but also for the environment.
Coco Glucoside's free of preservatives, sulfates, and ethylene oxide, suitable for mild skin cleansing and even for baby care products.


It exhibits excellent foaming performance; although Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant, the foam properties are good even compared to anionic surfactants.
In addition, Coco Glucoside delivers a perfect balance of mildness and cleansing properties, the most important attributes required for face wash applications.


Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a foaming agent, conditioner or emulsifier.
Coco Glucoside is a favourite because of its natural credentials, derived from Coconut and Fruit Sugars.
Coco Glucoside is completely biodegradable and contains no lauryl sulphates, laureth sulphates, parabens, formaldehyde or diethanolamides.


Coco Glucoside is derived from Coconut and has an excellent and stable foam.
Coco Glucoside allows the combination of other ingredients (oils and additives).
Coco Glucoside can be used alongside other glucosides to enhance the foam and skin conditioning properties.


Coco Glucoside can also be used in ionic formulations to add foam depth and emulsifying properties.
Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest surfactants and is compatible with all skin types.
Coco Glucoside is a gentle non-ionic surfactant made from coconut oil and sugar.
Coco Glucoside is a semi-viscous yellowish liquid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Surfactants are used to reduce the surface tension of liquids and improve the washing process.
Coco Glucoside must be added to formulations in their surfactant or water phases.
The recommended maximum usage amount of Coco Glucoside is 45%.


Coco Glucoside can be produced from fatty alcohols (from coconut and palm) and glucose (from corn or potato).
This mixture of plant fatty alcohols can be used to modify the viscocity (thickness) or foaming of products.
We also use Coco Glucoside in Wool & Delicates wash, where it provides effective cleaning performance while still being gentle on natural fibres.


Coco Glucoside is completely non-irritating and non-allergic to the skin and hence can be used effectively even on sensitive skin.
Coco Glucoside, used as a co-surfactant, can reduce the total active requirements of other foaming ingredients, without altering their performance; cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening.


Coco Glucoside is commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products, including shampoos, liquid cleansers, and body washes, due to its gentle yet effective cleansing properties and its environmentally friendly profile.
Regarding the note about gel formation at low temperatures, this can occur with certain surfactants.


Gently heating Coco Glucoside or diluting it with water can help re-liquefy the surfactant and restore the desired consistency.
Coco Glucoside’s important for formulators to be aware of such characteristics when working with surfactants to ensure product stability and performance.
Coco Glucoside is compatible with all skin types and is gentle on the skin and hair.


Coco Glucoside can be used in manufacturing a variety of cosmetic and skin-care products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, cleansers, hand soaps, body scrubs, acne treatments, facial moisturizers, hair dyes and baby products.
Coco Glucoside is used in concentrations up to 2% in leave-on products, and 15% in rinse-off formulations.


Coco Glucoside is known for its foaming ability, which forms a rich, luxurious and stable foam, making it a key ingredient in shampoos and premium bath products.
Coco Glucoside has moisturizing and moisture-retaining properties due to which it maintains a healthy scalp condition.


Coco Glucoside helps prevent dry and itchy scalp, thereby preventing Coco Glucoside in hair care products has a conditioning action on your hair, which makes it soft and more manageable.
Coco Glucoside is ultra-mild on the skin and can be safely used in baby bath products.


Coco Glucoside's cleansing property helps to keep your strands, scalp - clean and healthy by helping water, oil, dirt to mix together which gets washed away while rinsing.
Coco Glucoside's emulsifying property breaks the oil and dissolves the oil and residue which makes it easier to get rid of dirt and grime while washing, leaving your strands fresh and clean.


Coco Glucoside helps to increase the viscosity of the products maintaining a thick consistency of the haircare formulation.
Coco Glucoside is an environment-friendly natural surfactant which does not produce any toxic by-product during the manufacturing process.
Coco Glucoside is compatible with all other surfactants due to which it can be added as a co-surfactant in the formulation without undergoing any change in its foaming and cleansing ability, its performance and stability.


These incredible properties of Coco Glucoside make it an ideal choice for use in many natural skincare, haircare and personal care products.
You can see Coco Glucoside popping up frequently in many shampoos, conditioners, gels, serums, wipes, soaps, creams and lotion.
Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant which is known for being exceptionally mild on the skin.


This biodegradable surfactant is derived from coconut oil and glucose which is extracted from fruit sugars, corn starch, wheat etc.
Thus, it is considered to be completely safe for topical application, hence Coco Glucoside is used in a wide range of beauty and cosmetic products.
Coco Glucoside is known for its excellent foaming ability, forming thick and luxurious lather due to which it is used in many organic shampoos, bath soaps, body washes and shower gels.


Due to its emollient properties, Coco Glucoside is used in many conditioners, face wash, cleansing milk and acne treatment creams and ointments.
Coco Glucoside's emulsifying property allows water and the residue on your scalp and hair to mix with the shampoo or cleaning solution.
Coco Glucoside helps in getting rid of grime and dirt while washing your hair.


Therefore, Coco Glucoside is effectively used in soaps, shampoos and cleaning products.
Coco Glucoside is known for its cleansing property, as it gently cleans your scalp without irritating it and hence used in shampoos, liquid hand washes, body washes, facial cleansers, wipes, baby bath products, shower gels and household cleaning products.


The moisture-retaining property of Coco Glucoside helps to keep your scalp and hair moisturized, thereby making the hair soft and smooth.
Coco Glucoside helps to prevent frizz and makes your hair more manageable.
Coco Glucoside is used in most of the skincare, haircare and personal care products to increase the shelf life of those products.


If stored properly, Coco Glucoside is known to increase the shelf life of the formulation for up to 2 years.
Due to its beneficial properties, Coco Glucoside is used extensively in a wide range of natural, organic beauty and cosmetic products, personal hygiene and cleaning products.


Because of its non-toxic, non-irritating and non-allergic nature, this natural surfactant, Coco Glucoside, has slowly and steadily paved its way into the world of herbal and organic beauty product industry.
Coco Glucoside is mild and gentle and produces exceptional foam and maintains skin balance without dryness.


Coco Glucoside is combined with Cocamidopropyl Betaine to improve foam quality.
Coco Glucoside is widely used in numerous Personal care products, which require a thickening effect, due to its unique performance in cleaning, emulsifying and thickening.


Typical Ingredients using Coco Glucoside range from Shampoo, Bubble bath, Cleaning lotions, Shower gels plus Hand and facial cleansers.
Coco Glucoside can be used as either a base or co-surfactant in cleansing products.
Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant with a HLB of around 12-14 making it suitable as a co-emulsifier in cream cleansing formulations.


Coco Glucoside provides a good flash foam (instant foaming) as well as a foam that is stable over a longer time frame.
This makes Coco Glucoside great for bubble baths and luxurious shower gels.
Occurrence in cosmetics of Coco Glucoside: Shower gels, shampoos


Coco Glucoside is an ultra mild, and gentle cleansing agent, it makes it an ideal choice for all foaming and cleansing products, especially those designed for fragile or sensitive skin.
Coco Glucoside, does not dry the skin which makes it a must-have ingredient for the formulation of personal hygiene and toiletry products.


Coco Glucoside is a non-ionic surfactant that can be used as a cleansing, foaming, conditioning, and viscosity building agent to shampoos and liquid cleansers.
Coco Glucoside is easily formulated in to all types of skin care products, hair care products, foaming cleansers, body washes, scrubs and other products where you want an all natural cleansing foam.


Very well tolerated by the skin and the hair, Coco Glucoside is frequently used in hair care because it facilitates styling.
Coco Glucoside can be used in both body and hair care products.
Coco Glucoside doesn't only have to be in foaming products, it can be used in cleansers and moisturisers also.


Derived from coconut, Coco Glucoside has great foam properties and is similar to decyl glucoside.
Coco Glucoside can be used for all skin types including baby care products and sensitive skin formulations, also suitable for hair.
Coco Glucoside is integrated at the end of preparation, after having mixed the still hot aqueous and oily phases.


Slowly add the Coco Glucoside, mixing slowly so as not to bubble your preparation.
Coco Glucoside is used in the manufacture of liquid hand soap, foaming gel for the face or even shampoo.
Used alone, Coco Glucoside has little foaming power.


Coco Glucoside is advisable to combine it with coco-betaine and decyl-glucoside
Coco Glucoside is also used for mass balance RSPO.
Coco Glucoside is mostly used to keep ingredients together and creating the perfect viscosity (not too runny, not too thick).


In many cases, Coco Glucoside is used as a cleansing surfactant that is perfect for shower gels, shampoos and bubble baths.
Coco Glucoside is one of the mildest and gentle cleansing agents available, which makes it amazing for foaming and cleansing products.
This is because in end products Coco Glucoside does have a foaming action.


Coco Glucoside is commonly used as a water-soluble emulsifier.
In the cleaning industry, Coco Glucoside is used in the production of hard surface cleaners, strong-acting cleaners, concentrates.
Due to its strong wetting properties and good emulsifying properties, Coco Glucoside is excellent for allowing the water and the fatty phase to mix, thus facilitating cleaning processes.


Its high foaming properties make Coco Glucoside ideal for use in the production of active foams.
Due to its natural nature, Coco Glucoside is ideal for use in cleaning products that are used outdoors and may come into contact with nature.
In paints and coatings, Coco Glucoside is used to increase the wetting effect of the surface in order to achieve better adhesion to the surface, while at the same time facilitating the mixing of the fatty phase ingredients with the aqueous phase ingredients.


In agriculture, Coco Glucoside is used to spray fields and plants with a variety of formulations in order to increase the efficiency of foliar uptake.
Alkyl polyglucoside is analogous to polyglucosides in plant cell membranes and therefore wets the leaf surface, making it easier for the spray to adhere and stay on the leaf, thus increasing contact time and uptake efficiency.


At the same time, Coco Glucoside allows a more even distribution of the active substances, which are often hydrophobic and tend to persist in two different phases.
In the textile industry, Coco Glucoside is used to clean heavily contaminated fabrics from soils of fatty or proteinaceous origin.


In the paper industry, Coco Glucoside is used in the formulation of paper to obtain better adhesion, denser structure.
Coco Glucoside can be used in both body and hair care products.
Coco Glucoside doesn’t only have to be in foaming products, it can be used in cleansers and moisturisers also.



FUNCTIONS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*CLEANSING
Coco Glucoside cleans skin, hair or teeth

*FOAMING
Coco Glucoside forms foam by trapping air (or other gases) in a liquid

*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth



BENEFITS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
*Natural renewable raw materials, preservative free
*Very mild and friendly to skin
*High alkaline resistance
*Good foam and oil removing properties in dish washing detergents
*Numerous certifications Cosmos, RSPO etc.



WHAT IS IT USED FOR?
Coco Glucoside has a number of uses and is quite an important ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
Coco Glucoside is well suited for all skin and hair types and can be found in a range of products such as moisturizers, cleansers, and scrubs.

*Skin care:
Coco Glucoside is a gentle cleansing agent that provides all moisturizing properties of coconuts to the skin.
Coco Glucoside is a deeply nourishing emulsifying ingredient that hydrates the skin and locks in moisture for a long period of time.
Coco Glucoside also prevents the skin from drying out as it imparts hydrating properties to the products.

*Hair care:
Coco Glucoside is great for dry and frizzy hair as it conditions them deeply and leaves them nourished.
Coco Glucoside helps in detangling the hair and softening out the shafts.
Coco Glucoside is also a great surfactant and reduces the tension in the formulations



ORIGIN OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside is derived from coconuts.
Coco Glucoside is made by chemically reacting the non-drying fatty alcohol derivative from coconut oil and sugar glucose.
Although mostly plant-based, Coco Glucoside can also be made synthetically in the labs.



WHAT DOES COCO GLUCOSIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Foaming
*Hair conditioning
*Surfactant



SAFETY PROFILE OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside is safe for the skin and hair.
Therefore, a patch test is recommended prior to full usage.
Coco Glucoside is also safe for the environment.
Coco Glucoside is non-comedogenic and does not clog pores or cause acne.



ALTERNATIVES OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
*DECYL GLUCOSIDE



FUNCTIONS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
*Cleansing :
Coco Glucoside helps to keep a clean surface
*Foaming :
Capturing small air bubbles or other gases in a small volume of liquid by changing the surface tension of the liquid
*Surfactant :
Coco Glucoside reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used



BENEFITS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE IN HAIR CARE PRODUCTS:
This biodegradable natural surfactant, Coco Glucoside, is packed with incredible properties which are beneficial to your skin and hair.
You can find Coco Glucoside in the list of ingredients of almost all the organic skincare and haircare products.
This is because Coco Glucoside is derived from natural and renewable resources and is non-toxic, non-allergic and non-irritating on the skin and scalp.

Coco Glucoside gently moisturizes your scalp without drying it out.
As Coco Glucoside is derived from coconut oil, its characteristics are similar to that of coconut oil.
Let us see some of the beneficial properties of Coco Glucoside, which make it a favourite key ingredient in almost all the organic beauty products.



BENEFITS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside is mainly used to build viscosity and increase the foaming capacity of liquid soap in hair and skin-care products.
Coco Glucoside exhibits excellent cleansing characteristics on the skin and hair.



RECOMMENDED USAGE OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Shampoo and Body Wash: 30% - 45%
Facial Cleanser or Baby Wash: 15% - 25%



STORAGE OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside can be stored in its original unopened containers at below 40° C for at least two years.
Coco Glucoside should not be stored at temperatures below 15° C or crystallization may occur.
Coco Glucoside should be heated and stirred until uniform before use.
Upon storage, some sedimentation can occur which has no negative effects on the quality.
It is recommended to homogenize Coco Glucoside before use by stirring.



ADVANTAGES OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
*Easily biodegradable
*Provides performance analogous to that of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) surfactants and in most cases performs better than primary alcohol ethoxylate (PAE) surfactants.
*Excellent wetting performance
*Water soluble
*Soluble in most polar organic solvents
*Cold production
*Chemically stable in dilute acids, bases and salts
*Compatible with anionic, cationic and other non-ionic surfactants
*In cosmetics, Coco Glucoside is used as surfactants of non-ionic nature.
They are considered as a new generation of green surfactants that are considered non-allergenic, moisturizing and produced from renewable sources.

Coco Glucoside is used in various cosmetic formulations due to their gentleness and safety on sensitive skin.
This surface active ingredient, Coco Glucoside, has a good foaming and moisturizing effect and reduces surface tension.
Coco Glucoside can be found in organic shampoos, laundry detergents, body washes, baby products, body lotions, creams and other products.

Concentrations ranging from 2% to 20% are used, depending on whether Coco Glucoside is used as a primary or secondary surfactant.
For example: 10% to 20% (face wash), 15% to 30% (shower gel, bath foam, shampoo).



BENEFITS AND USES OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside is employed for use by umpteen industries in formulating personal care products and toiletries.
Coco Glucoside acts as a cleanser, moisturizer, thickener, and emollient all-in-one, which makes it ideal for use in coloring products, shampoos, shower gels, bubble baths, liquid soaps, shaving foams, etc.

Coco Glucoside's propensity to be gentle and effective at cleaning has been documented to not cause dryness and is well tolerated by people with any type of skin like acne-prone or dry skin.
When used in hair care products like shampoos, Coco Glucoside makes the hair smoother and hence does not make them look as dry as a bone after washing.
Without doubt Coco Glucoside has an excellent non-toxicity profile.



HOW COCO GLUCOSIDE WORKS
Coco Glucoside works by affecting the surface tension of the liquids to increase wetting.
The hydrophilic head binds with the water and the hydrophobic tail binds with the oil which ultimately helps in pulling out dust, dirt, or grease from the surface.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside is used at various concentrations based on the formulations, in the range of 2%-50%.
Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups, Coco Glucoside is soluble in water and is stable in neutral and alkaline solutions.



HOW TO USE COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Add Coco Glucoside to the surfactant phase of choice.
Mix into formulations preventing excessive foam by continuously stirring Coco Glucoside.
Neutralize the pH of the finished product by adding acids.



FORMULATION TIP OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
For body washes, shampoos or bubble bath Coco Glucoside is usual to blend an anionic surfactant with a non-ionic and possibly an amphoretic to help build stable mixed micelles (surfactant structures).

This ensures that you have a good mix of cleaning action going on allowing you to reduce the total amount of surfactant in your formula.
Having a formula with a lower surfactant activity is ideal in terms of cost and irritation potential.
If correctly blended there should be no reduction in product quality.



HOW TO MAKE COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside is often manufactured using natural and/or renewable sources.
This gentle surfactant, Coco Glucoside, is formed by mixing alcohols (plant-based) with a sugar, glucose, or glucose polymer sourced from plants such as corn or potatoes.



PROPERTIES OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside can be found in everything from shampoo to hand soap to makeup to laundry detergent.
With a maximum allowable usage level of 40%, Coco Glucoside's one of the most common ingredients in Puracy personal care and cleaning products, thanks to its gentle, effective cleansing power.

-Moisturizer and Cleanser
Coco Glucoside helps skin retain water, as well as lift and remove grime and dirt.
Coco Glucoside can also keep skin hydrated and minimize irritation.

Co-emulsifier uses of Coco Glucoside: As a catalyst for oil and water combining, Coco Glucoside's an ideal emulsifier, and it has the added benefit of moisturizing skin in the process.
Foaming Agent uses of Coco Glucoside: The ingredient's water solubility and viscous properties also make Coco Glucoside a good foaming agent for cleansers and shampoos.



BENEFITS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Sourced from Coconut Oil, this soothing raw material is reputed to exhibit similar qualities, such as its non-greasy hydrating properties, which cleanse the skin while its conditioning property prevents Coco Glucoside from drying out.
When Coco Glucoside is added to hair products, this conditioning ability helps to smooth out the strands, making them more manageable.

With ultra-gentle cleansing properties, Coco Glucoside is well-suited to all skin types and makes an ideal addition to mild formulations for natural products that are especially intended for sensitive skin.
These may include toiletries, skin care, hair care, and personal hygiene products, even those meant for the delicate skin of babies as well as for acne-prone complexions.

Known for exhibiting extraordinary foaming properties, Coco Glucoside produces a highly-pleasing and stable foam, making it an ideal addition to foaming bath products, such as bubble baths and shampoos.

Being compatible with all other surfactants, Coco Glucoside can be mixed as a co-surfactant without risking the stability, performance, or the foaming and cleansing capacity of the final product.
Coco Glucoside easily allows for a natural preparation to be thickened while maintaining the gentleness and efficacy of the resultant formulation.

When added to soaps, Coco Glucoside’s emulsifying property prompts oil and water to combine, thereby making it easier for oily residue found on the skin or hair to attach to soap and water, leaving the body cleansed of any grease without stripping away its natural oils.



COCO GLUCOSIDE AT A GLANCE:
*Mixture of a fatty alcohol from coconut oil and the sugar glucose
*Functions as a gentle cleansing agent
*Lifts dirt and oils from skin
*May be plant-derived or synthetic



HOW TO USE COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Blend with Coco Glucoside other surfactants to produce a foaming product with skin cleansing abilities.
Coco Glucoside works excellently blended with Cocamidipropyl betaine.



CHARACTERISTICS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside is a yellow to golden yellow, cloudy and viscous liquid, which increases the foaming capacity in skincare and haircare products.
Coco Glucoside also has the excellent benefit of acting as an emulsifier to allow essential oils and water to mix.
Using Coco Glucoside you can also blend some denser oils, such as carrier oils into your products.



IS COCO GLUCOSIDE NATURAL?
Coco Glucoside is considered to be a completely natural surfactant that is used in many skincare and haircare products.
Coco Glucoside is biodegradable as it is derived from coconut oil and glucose which are derived from fruits, corn, wheat, potato etc.

This natural surfactant, Coco Glucoside, is considered to be environment friendly as its manufacturing process involves only natural and renewable resources.
And to add to that, no toxic substance, Coco Glucoside, is formed as a by-product or as a residue during the manufacturing process.

Coco Glucoside thus procured is very mild.
Coco Glucoside is known to gently condition your skin and hair making it soft, smooth.
Due to its exceptionally mild property, Coco Glucoside is used in a wide range of baby bath products.



BENEFITS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
*Mild on skin and hair
*May be used as either a primary or co-surfactant
*Very good foaming, wetting, dispersing, and emulsifying properties
*Compatible with all surfactants
*Capable of decreasing the irritancy profiles of other anionic surfactants
*Capable of modifying viscosity in anionic systems
*Unaffected by hard water
*Recommended in final formula pH of 4.0-12.0
*HLB = 13.1
*Solid content = 51.0%



COCO GLUCOSIDE IS NATURAL SURFACTANT:
Coco Glucoside is an non-ionic surfactant that can be use as a foaming, cleansing, conditioning, and thickening agent to liquid cleansers and shampoos.

In addition, Coco Glucoside is derived from renewable raw materials such as coconut oil and corn and fruit sugars and is completely biodegradable.
Moreover, Coco Glucoside is GMO-free and contains no diethanolamine’s, lauryl sulfates, laurate sulfates, parabens and phthalates, or formaldehyde.



FUNCTIONS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
*Moisturizer
*Conditioner
*Thickener
*Co-emulsifier
*Emollient
*Softener
*Cleanser
*Foaming agent



COCO GLUCOSIDE HELPS TO:
*Emulsify formulations and increase their viscosity, which contributes a creamier texture
*Lift and remove dirt
*Soothe and condition the skin
*Help the skin retain water
*Hydrate and soften the skin to reduce irritation, cracking, and peeling
*Contribute foaming properties



WHAT ARE THE SKIN BENEFITS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE?
Coco Glucoside is a surfactant with a balanced combination of foam volume and dermatological properties:
*Extremely mild surfactant
*Excellent skin and hair compatibility
*Outstanding foam behavior and height
*Intensive and gentle cleansing
*Made from renewable materials
*Biodegradable (good for ecology)
*Suitable for all skin types
*The best choice when looking for mild, green, and efficient formulations can be a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.



WHY DO WE USE COCO GLUCOSIDE IN FORMULATION?
Coco Glucoside can be a good primary or secondary surfactant, contributing foaming/cleansing to an end product.


DO YOU NEED COCO GLUCOSIDE?
No


COCO GLUCOSIDE, REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Coco Glucoside only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco glucoside is usually a fairly easy to source “natural” surfactant.


WEAKNESSES OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Coco Glucoside has a fairly high pH and is a poor solubilizer; I prefer Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside.


ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTIONS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
I tend to prefer Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside in any recipe that calls for coco glucoside.


HOW TO WORK WITH COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Include Coco Glucoside in the water phase of your formulations; it can be hot or cold processed.


STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, coco glucoside should last at least two years.


TIPS, TRICKS, AND QUIRKS:
Realize Beauty has a great article on glucosides that’s worth a read!



USAGE AMOUNTS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
*Facial Cleansing Gel / Cleansing Milk: 10 - 25%
*In Baby Products: 15 - 25%
*Bath Foam / Shower Gel: 15 - 30%
*Shampoo / Peels / Liquid Soap: 15 - 25%



WHEN COCO GLUCOSIDE IS ADDED TO THESE KINDS OF FORMULATIONS
*Face Wash
*Cleansing Milk
*Acne Treatments
*Baby Products



PROPERTIES OF COCO GLUCOSIDE:
*Gentle Cleansing:
Coco Glucoside is a mild and gentle surfactant that effectively cleanses the skin without causing irritation or dryness.
Coco Glucoside's perfect for use in facial cleansers, body washes, and shampoos.

*Moisturizing Properties:
Coco Glucoside is a natural moisturizer that helps to hydrate the skin and hair.
Coco Glucoside's ideal for use in products designed to nourish and protect the skin, such as moisturizers and lotions.

*Suitable for Sensitive Skin:
Coco Glucoside is non-irritating and non-toxic, making it suitable for use in products for sensitive skin.
Coco Glucoside's a gentle alternative to harsh synthetic surfactants that can cause skin irritation and allergies.

*Biodegradable and Eco-Friendly:
Coco Glucoside is a biodegradable and eco-friendly surfactant that's safe for the environment.
Coco Glucoside's made from renewable resources and breaks down easily in wastewater treatment systems.

Coco Glucoside is a natural and effective ingredient that's perfect for use in a wide range of personal care and household cleaning products.
Whether you're looking for a gentle cleanser or a moisturizing lotion, Coco Glucoside is the perfect choice for you.
Try Coco Glucoside today and experience the natural benefits of this amazing surfactant!



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of COCO GLUCOSIDE:
pH: 11.0
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: High
INCI: Coco-Glucoside
CAS Number: 141464-42-8
Potential Applications: Shampoo, hand wash, body wash, face wash, bubble bath, solid bars
Usage: Up to 25%
Solubility: Water Soluble
Palm Free: Yes
Vegan: Yes

IUPAC Name: D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, C10-16-alkyl glycosides
INCI Name: Coco Glucoside
CAS Numbers: 110615-47-9, 68515-73-1
Molar Mass: Not specified (a mixture)
Density: 1.15 g/mL at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water and most polar solvents
Texture: Slippery, detergenty
Scent: Characteristically detergenty
Active Surfactant Matter: 55%
pH: 11.5–12.5
Charge: Non-ionic
Solubility: Water



FIRST AID MEASURES of COCO GLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of COCO GLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of COCO GLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of COCO GLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of COCO GLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of COCO GLUCOSIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

DESCRIPTION:

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is a non-ionic surfactant made from 100% renewable, plant-derived feedstocks and is RSPO-MB certified sustainable.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP has first-rate environmental and skin compatibility profiles, creating perfect synergy of mildness, foam performance and effective cleansing.
Due to its invaluable mildness, this surfactant is a perfect fit also for sensitive skin and baby cleansing concepts.
It is a mild and effective alternative to PEG/sulfate-containing formulations, and can be recommended for natural concepts according to Cosmos and NaTrue.


CAS number : 141464-42-8


COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is a non-ionic surfactant.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in shower & bath preparations, facial cleansers, liquid soaps, shampoos, cleansing wipes and baby care & cleansing formulas.
The shelf life of this ingredient is one year.

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is a non-ionic surfactant that is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is a cloudy, viscous, aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol glycoside.



COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is anon-ionic surfactant that provides many benefits in a broad range of applications in the Personal Care market.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is a 51-53% active liquid.

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Made from 100% natural, renewable, plant-derived feedstocks
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Readily biodegradable
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP has Excellent foaming capacity and cleansing properties

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Stable even in low pH applications
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Gentle and effective – proven mildness
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Free of sulfates, preservatives, and EO

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Compatible with various surfactants
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Flexible and multi-functional



COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is a non-ionic surfactant.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is made from 100% natural, renewable and plant-derived feed stocks.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is readily biodegradable.

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP contains magnesium oxide content (max. 500 ppm magnesium).
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is a cloudy, viscous, aqueous solution of a C8-C16 fatty alcohol glycoside.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is gentle and effective, mild and stable even in low pH.

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is free of sulfates, preservatives and EO.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is flexible and multi-functional.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP has balanced combination regarding the foam volume and the excellent dermatological properties.

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cosmetic cleansing preparations.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Used in wipes, hand cleansing, baby care, hair cleansing, skin cleansing, bath & shower, beauty care and liquid soap.
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Ecocert, Natural Products Association and COSMOS


APPLICATIONS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP:
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Skin Care
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Cleanser
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Hair care


COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Shampoo and Conditioner
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Bath and Body
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Personal care


COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Men
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Skin care
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Oral Care

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Toothpaste
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Toothpaste Gel
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is used in Mouthwash


BENEFITS OF COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP :
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is ECOCERT approved
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is RSPO certified
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is 100% Natural and Pure

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Biodegradable
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Vegan Friendly
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Sulfate free

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Certified cosmetic grade
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP Generates an exceptional foam

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP Has the lowest irritation score of all common surfactants
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Naturally derived from coconut oil and fruit sugar
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Pearlizer/Opacifier
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP Works best when blended with Cocamidopropyl betaine


FEATURES of COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP:
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Made from 100% natural, renewable, plant-derived feedstocks
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Readily biodegradable
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP has Excellent foaming capacity and cleansing properties

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Stable even in low pH applications
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Gentle and effective proven mildness
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Free of sulfates, preservatives, and EO

COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Compatible with various surfactants
COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP is Flexible and multi-functional


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP
Functions:
Nonionic Surfactant
Product Description:
C8-16 fatty alcohol glucoside
INCI:
Coco-Glucoside
Appearance / Product characteristics
Cloudy, viscous, aqueous solution
Use:
Nonionic surfactant suitable for various cosmetic cleansing preparations, e.g. shower and bath preparations, facial cleansers, liquid soaps, shampoos and cleansing wipes.
Applications:
Baby Care and Cleansing
Face Cleansing
Liquid Soap
Personal Care Wipes
Shampoo
Shower/Bath Products
Product groups
Alkyl Polyglucoside
Surfactants - Nonionics
Form of Delivery
Liquid




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT COCO GLUCOSIDE PLANTACARE 818 UP:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate (Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate) is a surfactant commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate helps to clean and condition the skin and hair by reducing surface tension, allowing oils and dirt to be easily washed away.
Additionally, Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate can contribute to the foaming properties of these products.

CAS Number: 61789-40-0
EC Number: 263-058-8

Synonyms: Cocoamphopropionate, PG-hydroxyethylcellulose cocodimonium chloride phosphate, Coconut propylene diamine guanidine diacetate, Coconut dimethylaminopropyl phosphate, Cocoyl diethanolamide phosphate, PG-hydroxyethylcellulose cocodimonium chloride phosphate, Cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen phosphate, Coconut amidoamine phosphate, Cocoamphocarboxypropionate, Cocoamphocarboxyglycinate, Cocoyl amidopropyl hydroxy sultaine, Cocoamphocarboxypropionic acid, Cocoyl glutamate, Cocoyl sarcosinate, Cocoyl methyl taurate, Cocoyl hydrolyzed collagen, Cocoamphocarboxy glycinate, Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin, Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, Cocoyl methyl glucamide, Cocoamphocarboxyglycine, Cocoyl hydrolyzed elastin, Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Cocoamphocarboxyglycinate, Cocoyl hydrolyzed collagen, Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin, Cocoyl hydrolyzed silk, Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin, Cocoyl hydrolyzed silk, Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin, Cocoyl hydrolyzed silk, Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin, Cocoyl hydrolyzed silk, Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed keratin, Cocoyl hydrolyzed silk, Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein, Cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein



APPLICATIONS


Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is commonly used as a primary surfactant in various personal care products.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is frequently found in shampoos, where it helps to cleanse the hair and scalp while imparting a luxurious lather.
In body washes and shower gels, this compound effectively removes dirt, sweat, and impurities from the skin.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is also utilized in facial cleansers to gently cleanse the skin and remove makeup.
Its mild formula makes it suitable for use in baby washes and children's bath products.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is incorporated into hand soaps to provide effective cleansing without causing dryness or irritation.

In addition to its cleansing properties, Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate contributes to the overall texture and feel of cosmetic formulations.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is often included in bubble baths to create rich, foamy bubbles that enhance the bathing experience.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate helps to stabilize emulsions in creams and lotions, improving their texture and appearance.
In hair conditioners, it assists in detangling and softening the hair, making it easier to manage and style.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate can be found in shaving creams and foams, where it helps to lubricate the skin and provide a smooth shaving experience.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is utilized in intimate washes to maintain hygiene and freshness in sensitive areas.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to toothpaste formulations to create foam and assist in the removal of plaque and debris from the teeth and gums.
In exfoliating scrubs and cleansers, this compound helps to remove dead skin cells and impurities, leaving the skin smooth and revitalized.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is used in pet shampoos to cleanse and condition the fur without causing irritation to the animal's skin.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is incorporated into industrial cleaning products for its excellent detergent properties.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is used in car wash soaps to effectively remove dirt, grease, and grime from vehicle surfaces.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is employed in household cleaning products such as dishwashing liquids and multipurpose cleaners.

In agricultural applications, this compound is used in crop protection products to enhance the spread and efficacy of active ingredients.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate can be found in textile processing as a detergent and wetting agent to facilitate the removal of impurities from fabrics.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is utilized in industrial degreasers and solvents for its excellent cleaning properties.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to paint strippers and removers to assist in the breakdown and removal of paint and coatings.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is incorporated into metalworking fluids to aid in the removal of metal chips and debris during machining operations.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is used in the formulation of printing inks and coatings to improve their spreadability and adhesion.
In the pharmaceutical industry, this compound is employed as an excipient in the formulation of oral and topical medications.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is utilized in agricultural adjuvants to improve the efficacy and coverage of pesticides and herbicides.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to fertilizer formulations to enhance the absorption and uptake of nutrients by plants.
In the food industry, this compound is used as a foaming agent in beverage production, contributing to the formation of stable foams in carbonated drinks.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is employed in the formulation of food-grade cleaning agents for equipment and surfaces in food processing facilities.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to cosmetics and skincare products as a thickening agent, helping to improve their texture and consistency.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is used in sunscreens and sun care products to enhance the spreadability and water resistance of the formulations.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is utilized in antiperspirants and deodorants to improve the spreadability of active ingredients.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to hair styling products such as gels and mousses to provide hold and control without stiffness or flaking.

In hair coloring products, it helps to disperse and emulsify the dye molecules for even coverage and color development.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is incorporated into fragrance formulations as a solubilizer to ensure even distribution of fragrance oils.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is used in fabric softeners to enhance the softness and smoothness of fabrics after washing.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to household air fresheners and odor neutralizers to improve their dispersal and longevity.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is employed in the formulation of industrial lubricants and cutting fluids to improve their wetting and spreading properties.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is used in the production of latex paints and coatings as a dispersing agent to ensure uniform distribution of pigments.
In the construction industry, this compound is added to concrete admixtures to improve the workability and flow of the concrete mix.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is utilized in the formulation of fire retardants and flame retardant coatings to improve their adherence to surfaces.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to drilling fluids in oil and gas exploration to enhance their lubricating and cooling properties.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is employed in metal plating baths as a wetting agent to improve the adhesion of metal coatings.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is used in the production of ceramics and pottery as a dispersing agent for ceramic powders.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to inkjet printer inks as a surfactant to improve the flow and dispersion of ink droplets.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is utilized in the formulation of insecticides and pest control products to improve their spreading and adherence to surfaces.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is added to textile printing pastes to improve the uniformity and adhesion of printed designs.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is employed in the formulation of adhesive removers to aid in the breakdown and removal of adhesive residues.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is used in the production of metal cleaners and polishes to improve their cleaning and shining properties.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is employed in the formulation of personal lubricants and intimate gels for enhanced glide and comfort.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate has been thoroughly tested for safety and is widely used in cosmetic products around the world.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly choice for personal care products.
Its mild formula makes it suitable for everyday use by the whole family.

When incorporated into bath products, it produces a luxurious foam that enhances the bathing experience.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate has anti-static properties, reducing frizz and flyaways in hair.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is compatible with other cosmetic ingredients, allowing for the formulation of complex skincare and hair care products.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is free from harsh chemicals such as sulfates and parabens, making it a preferred choice for natural and organic formulations.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is easy to incorporate into cosmetic formulations and can be used in a wide range of concentrations.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate undergoes rigorous quality control measures to ensure consistency and purity in cosmetic products.
When used in body washes, it helps to maintain the skin's natural pH balance, preventing dryness and irritation.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate has excellent foaming properties, producing a rich and creamy lather.

Its emulsifying properties make it suitable for use in lotions and creams, helping to create stable and uniform formulations.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate has a neutral odor, making it ideal for use in fragrance-free or lightly scented products.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is non-comedogenic, meaning it does not clog pores or contribute to acne breakouts.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate has been dermatologically tested and is suitable for use on sensitive areas of the skin, such as the face and underarms.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is a highly versatile ingredient that enhances the performance and sensory appeal of cosmetic products.



DESCRIPTION


Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate (Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate) is a surfactant commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate helps to clean and condition the skin and hair by reducing surface tension, allowing oils and dirt to be easily washed away.
Additionally, Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate can contribute to the foaming properties of these products.
However, like many chemicals, it's essential to use it according to recommended guidelines to ensure safety and efficacy.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is a versatile surfactant commonly used in personal care products.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate exhibits excellent cleansing properties, making it ideal for use in shampoos and body washes.

Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate helps to create a rich lather, enhancing the overall sensory experience of cleansing.
Its gentle yet effective formula makes it suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.

Derived from coconut oil, this ingredient has natural moisturizing properties, leaving the skin feeling soft and hydrated.
When used in hair care products, Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate helps to remove dirt and oil without stripping away natural oils.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate also aids in the detangling of hair, making it easier to comb through and style.
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate contributes to the stability and viscosity of cosmetic formulations.

In facial cleansers, it helps to remove makeup and impurities, leaving the skin clean and refreshed.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Typically a clear to slightly opaque liquid.
Color: Colorless to pale yellow.
Odor: Typically odorless or has a mild characteristic odor.
Solubility: Soluble in water and some organic solvents.
pH: Usually within the range of 5.5 to 7.5 when dissolved in water.
Density: Typically ranges from 1.0 to 1.2 g/cm³.
Viscosity: Can vary depending on concentration and temperature, usually ranges from thin to moderately viscous.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before reaching a specific boiling point.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: Not applicable as it is a complex mixture of compounds.
Molecular Weight: Not applicable for the same reason as above.
Chemical Structure: Contains a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine derivatives and phosphate groups.
Hydrophobicity: Exhibits both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties due to its structure.
Ionic Character: Contains positively charged quaternary ammonium groups and negatively charged phosphate groups, making it an amphoteric surfactant.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions, but may degrade upon exposure to extreme pH, temperature, or light.
Reactivity: Generally compatible with most common cosmetic ingredients, but should not be mixed with strong acids or bases.
Biodegradability: Considered biodegradable under aerobic conditions, but may persist in anaerobic environments.
Toxicity: Generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetic formulations when used as directed, but should not be ingested or inhaled.
Irritancy: Can cause irritation to the eyes and skin in concentrated form, but is typically mild when diluted in cosmetic products.
Environmental Impact: May have potential environmental impacts if released into water bodies in large quantities due to its surfactant properties.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention. Provide artificial respiration if necessary.

Skin Contact:
In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly before reuse.

Eye Contact:
If the product comes into contact with the eyes, flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and drink plenty of water to dilute the chemical.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Notes to Physician:
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive care as necessary.
Treat symptoms based on the individual's condition and response to exposure.
Monitor vital signs and provide appropriate medical interventions.

Protection of First Responders:
First responders should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the area of exposure.

Fire and Explosion Hazards:
Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate is not flammable.
In case of fire involving the product, use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish the fire.

Accidental Release Measures:
In the event of a spill or release, contain the spillage and prevent it from entering waterways or sewers.
Absorb the spilled material with an inert absorbent and dispose of it according to local regulations.

Handling and Storage:
Store Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
Follow safe handling procedures to minimize the risk of exposure.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection:
Use engineering controls such as ventilation systems to minimize exposure to the product.
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling the chemical.

Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the release of Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate into the environment.
Dispose of unused product and contaminated materials according to local regulations.
Avoid contamination of water sources.

Additional Information:
Provide additional information as necessary based on specific circumstances, such as the concentration of the product, the route of exposure, and the severity of symptoms.
Consult the safety data sheet (SDS) for detailed information on hazards, handling, and emergency procedures.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions:

Handle Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate with care to prevent spills and accidental exposure.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling the chemical.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wash hands thoroughly after handling the product.
Use in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure. Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.

Storage Conditions:

Store Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and evaporation.
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.
Ensure that storage area is equipped with appropriate containment measures to contain spills or leaks.
Keep the product out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel.
Store large quantities of the chemical in dedicated storage areas with proper labeling and signage.

Storage Containers:

Use containers made of compatible materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), or stainless steel.
Ensure that containers are properly labeled with the product name, concentration, hazard symbols, and handling precautions.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage or deterioration, such as cracks or leaks, and replace as necessary.
Do not reuse containers that previously held incompatible materials without thorough cleaning and decontamination.

Spill and Leak Procedures:

Have spill control measures and cleanup materials readily available in the storage area.
In case of a spill or leak, contain the spillage using absorbent materials such as sand, vermiculite, or commercial spill kits.
Wear appropriate PPE during cleanup activities to prevent exposure to the chemical.
Dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations and guidelines.

Transportation Precautions:

When transporting Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate, ensure that containers are securely sealed and properly labeled.
Transport the chemical in accordance with applicable regulations and guidelines for the transportation of hazardous materials.
Use suitable means of transportation, such as dedicated chemical transport vehicles, to prevent spills or leaks during transit.

Emergency Procedures:

In case of emergency, follow established emergency procedures and protocols, including notifying appropriate personnel and authorities.
Provide emergency responders with necessary information, such as the identity of the chemical, its hazards, and recommended protective measures.

Training and Education:

Ensure that personnel handling Coco propylene diamine guanidine diacetate are adequately trained in safe handling practices, emergency procedures, and the use of PPE.
Provide regular safety training and updates to personnel to reinforce safe handling practices and raise awareness of potential hazards.

SYNONYMS chemoxide CAW surfactant;cocamidopropylamine oxide;cocamidopropyldimethylamine oxide;coco amidopropyl amine oxide;cocoamido-3-propyldimethylamine oxide;3-cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide;N-(cocoamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, oxide;N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-(coconut oil alkyl)amidopropyl)amine oxide CAS NO:68155-09-9

COCOAMPHODIPROPIONIC ACID N° CAS : 68919-40-4 Nom INCI : COCOAMPHODIPROPIONIC ACID N° EINECS/ELINCS : 272-897-9 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

Cetiol C 5; Cetiol C5; Coco-caprylate; UNII-4828G836N6 cas no: 107525-85-9

COCO-GLUCOSIDE N° CAS : 110615-47-9 - Coco-glucoside Autres langues : Coco-Glucosid, Coco-glucósido Nom INCI : COCO-GLUCOSIDE Classification : Tensioactif non ionique, Le coco Glucoside est un tensioactif non ionique. Il fait partie des bases lavantes les moins agressives pour la peau et est très utilisé dans les formulations des produits naturels avec le Coco Betaine (tensioactif amphotère) et le Decyl Glucoside (tensioactif non ionique). Il est créé à partir de sucre et de coco et convient parfaitement aux peaux sensibles. Le coco-glucoside est autorisé en bio.Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

Coconut Acid is derived from coconut.
Coconut Acid consists of various fatty acids that were extracted from cocos nucifera (coconut) oil.
Coconut Acid performs the role of a surfactant-cleaning agent and emollient.

CAS: 61788-47-4
MF: C19H21NO5
EINECS: 262-978-7

Synonyms
Coconut oil fatty acid;Edenor K 8-18 MY;Fatty acids, coco;COCONUT ACID;Cocinic acid;.alpha.-Cocinic acid;3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1;Coconut oil acid;61788-47-4
;Coconut oil fatty acid;(4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-7-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-11-carboxylic acid

Coconut Acid has been called "the healthiest oil on earth".
As a medium-chain fatty acid, coconut oil has a significantly different effect on human physiology than the more common long-chain fatty acids in our food.
The saturated fatty acids in coconut oil are basically medium-chain fatty acids.
And meat, milk, eggs, and plants (including almost all vegetable oils), whether saturated or unsaturated, are long-chain fatty acids.

Coconut Acid is a derivative of coconut oil, which is produced from the fruit of the coconut tree (Cocos nucifera).
Coconut Acid can be produced by first drying the fruit using sunlight or kilns.
The dried flesh or ‘copra’ then undergoes cold-pressing or solvent extraction to draw out the oil.
Coconut Acid is particularly rich in saturated fats, including lauric, myristic and palmitic fatty acids, which can be separated or ‘fractionated’ into coconut acid.

Coconut Acid is an alkaline surfactant (cleansing agent).
As well as helping to prevent over-foaming, particularly in high-efficiency machines, this also makes Coconut Acid easier to rinse dirt away while still ensuring powerful cleaning performance.
Coconut Acid is a glyceryl ester of coconut oil which comes from expressing the dried inner parts of the coconut.
The acid from the Coconut Acid is able to penetrate the hair shaft, nourishing the hair with vitamins, minerals and the medium-chain fatty acids.
Giving a long straight structure, this type of fatty acid is more easily absorbed deep into the hair rather than just coating the strands benefiting the hair from the inside.

Cocinic acid is a fatty acid that is found in coconut oil.
Coconut Acid has been used as a conditioning agent and as an emulsifier for the production of hydrogenated coconut oil.
Coconut Acid is also used as a sulfated or unsulfated fatty alcohol, which can be found in the profiles of many natural oils.
The fatty acids in Coconut Acid are combined with an alcohol to produce esters, which are used as an ingredient in many cosmetic products.

Coconut Acid is known as "the most healthy oil on Earth".
Coconut Acid as a medium chain fatty acid, the impact on human physiology is significantly different from the more common in our food long chain fatty acids.
The saturated fatty acids in Coconut Acid are basically medium-chain fatty acids.
Meat, milk, eggs and plants (including almost all vegetable oils), whether saturated or unsaturated, are long-chain fatty acids.
Coconut Acid, obtained from coconut meat (dry), is white or light yellow fat.
Coconut Acid 65%-74%, moisture 4%-7%.

Coconut Acid saponification value is very high, and the refractive index is very low, the fatty acid composition of coconut oil saturated content of more than 90%.
Fat is made up of fatty acids and is divided into three categories-monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and saturated fat.
Saturated fats, found primarily in animal products such as meat and milk, are solid at room temperature and are associated with many human health problems-obesity, high cholesterol and increased risk of heart disease.
As a saturated fat in plants, coconut oil was once a member of unhealthy fats and was advised to avoid Coconut Acid.
However, although coconut oil is saturated fat, Coconut Acid is not an unhealthy food.
In fact, it contains a lot of health benefits.

Coconut oil (or coconut fat) is an edible oil derived from the kernels, meat, and milk of the coconut palm fruit.
Coconut oil is a white solid fat below around 25 °C (77 °F), and a clear thin liquid oil in warmer climates. Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma.
Coconut oil is used as a food oil, and in industrial applications for cosmetics and detergent production.
The oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids.
Due to its high levels of saturated fat, numerous health authorities recommend limiting its consumption as a food.

Composition
Coconut Acid is a series of different types of fatty acids extracted from coconut oil.
The main fatty acid is lauric acid, accompanied by other saturated fatty acids, such as caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and a small amount of unsaturated fatty acids. C12:57%, C14:22%, C16:10%

Uses
Nutrition and fat composition
Coconut Acid is 99% fat, composed mainly of saturated fats (82% of total; table).
In a 100 gram reference amount, coconut oil supplies 890 calories.
Half of the saturated fat content of coconut oil is lauric acid (41.8 grams per 100 grams of total composition), while other significant saturated fats are myristic acid (16.7 g), palmitic acid (8.6 g), and caprylic acid (6.8 g).
Monounsaturated fats are 6% of total composition, and polyunsaturated fats are 2% (table).
Coconut Acid contains phytosterols, whereas there are no micronutrients in significant content (table).

In food
Coconut Acid has a long history in Asia, particularly in tropical regions where the plant is abundant, where it has been used for cooking.
Coconut Acid is the oil of choice in Sri Lankan cuisine, where it is used for sautéing and frying, in both savoury and sweet dishes.
Coconut Acid also plays a prominent role in the cuisines of Thailand and Kerala.

As an oil relatively recently introduced to Western countries, Coconut Acid is commonly used in baked goods, pastries, and sautés, having a nut-like quality with some sweetness.
Coconut Acid is sometimes used by movie theatre chains to pop popcorn.

Other culinary uses include replacing solid fats produced through hydrogenation in baked and confectionery goods.
Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated Coconut Acid is often used in non-dairy creamers and snack foods.
In frying, the smoke point of coconut oil is 177 °C (351 °F).

Industry
Coconut Acid has been tested for use as a feedstock for biodiesel to use as a diesel engine fuel.
In this manner, Coconut Acid can be applied to power generators and transport using diesel engines.
Since straight coconut oil has a high gelling temperature (22–25 °C (72–77 °F)), a high viscosity, and a minimum combustion chamber temperature of 500 °C (932 °F) (to avoid polymerization of the fuel), Coconut Acid typically is transesterified to make biodiesel.
Use of B100 (100% biodiesel) is possible only in temperate climates, as the gel point is approximately 10 °C (50 °F).
The oil must meet the Weihenstephan standard to use pure vegetable oil as a fuel.
Moderate to severe damage from carbonisation and clogging would occur in an unmodified engine.

The Philippines, Vanuatu, Samoa, and several other tropical island countries use Coconut Acid as an alternative fuel source to run automobiles, trucks, and buses, and to power generators.
Biodiesel fuel derived from coconut oil is currently used as a fuel for transport in the Philippines.
Further research into the potential of coconut oil as a fuel for electricity generation is being carried out in the islands of the Pacific, although to date it appears that Coconut Acid is not useful as a fuel source due to the cost of labour and supply constraints.

Coconut Acid has been tested for use as an engine lubricant and as a transformer oil.
Coconut Acid (and derivatives, such as coconut fatty acid) are used as raw materials in the manufacture of surfactants such as cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamide MEA, and cocamide DEA.
Acids derived from coconut oil can be used as herbicides.
Treatment with catalytic lipase has reportedly given coconut oil antimicrobial characteristics.
Before the advent of electrical lighting, Coconut Acid was the primary oil used for illumination in India and was exported as cochin oil.

Soap
See also: Soap
Coconut Acid is an important base ingredient for the manufacture of soap.
Soap made with coconut oil tends to be hard, though it retains more water than soap made with other oils and thus increases manufacturer yields.
Coconut Acid is more soluble in hard water and salt water than other soaps allowing it to lather more easily.

Other uses
The oil can be used to treat dryness and sores from saltwater and sunburn.
Coconut Acid can be used for burning in a torch or dripped into fire to create insect-repelling smoke.
Coconut Acid also protects metal from corrosion.

Coconut Acid fatty acid can be used as reaction raw materials for esters, amines, amides, soaps, etc.; it can be used as an oily component of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Mix materials such as paints and oils.
Oily ingredients of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals are suitable for the synthesis or compounding of daily and industrial detergents, paper-making AIDS and chemical fiber oils.
Coconut Acid is a surfactant or detergent.
Coconut Acid is often found in laundry and dishwashing products, soaps, face washes, shampoos, deodorants, body wash and other products.
Coconut acid was used as a detergent.

The surfactant is usually alkaline and the foaming of Coconut Acid is reduced by lowering the pH using coconut fatty acids.
This makes it easier to rinse out surfactants, stains and soils while still providing a high level of cleaning capability.
Review of cosmetic ingredients coconut acid is considered safe for use in cosmetics.
Coconut Acid is suitable for the synthesis or compounding of daily and industrial detergents, papermaking auxiliaries and chemical fiber oils.
Coconut Acid is a surfactant or cleaning agent.
Coconut Acid is often found in laundry and dishwashing products, soaps, facial cleansers, shampoos, deodorants, body washes and other products.
Use Coconut Acid as a cleanser.

Manufacturing
Coconut Acid can be extracted through a wet or dry process.
More simply (but perhaps less effectively), oil can be produced by heating the meat via boiling water, the sun or a slow fire.

Wet process
The all-wet process uses coconut milk extracted from raw coconut rather than dried copra.
The proteins in the coconut milk create an emulsion of oil and water.
The more problematic step is breaking up the emulsion to recover the oil.
This used to be done by prolonged boiling, but this produces a discolored oil and is not economical.
Modern techniques use centrifuges and pre-treatments including cold, heat, acids, salts, enzymes, electrolysis, shock waves, steam distillation, or some combination thereof.
Despite numerous variations and technologies, wet processing is less viable than dry processing due to a 10–15% lower yield, even taking into account the losses due to spoilage and pests with dry processing.
Wet processes also require investment in equipment and energy, incurring high capital and operating costs.

Dry process
Dry processing requires that the meat be extracted from the shell and dried using fire, sunlight, or kilns to create copra.
The copra is pressed or dissolved with solvents, producing the coconut oil and a high-protein, high-fiber mash.
The mash is of poor quality for human consumption and is instead fed to ruminants; there is no process to extract protein from the mash.
Proper harvesting of the coconut (the age of a coconut can be 2 to 20 months when picked) makes a significant difference in the efficacy of the oil-making process.
Copra made from immature nuts is more difficult to work with and produces an inferior product with lower yields.

Conventional Coconut Acid processors use hexane as a solvent to extract up to 10% more oil than is produced with just rotary mills and expellers.
They then refine the oil to remove certain free fatty acids to reduce susceptibility to rancidification.
Other processes to increase shelf life include using copra with a moisture content below 6%, keeping the moisture content of the oil below 0.2%, heating the oil to 130–150 °C (266–302 °F) and adding salt or citric acid.

Virgin oil
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) can be produced from fresh coconut milk, meat, or residue.
Producing Coconut Acid from the fresh meat involves either wet-milling or drying the residue, and using a screw press to extract the oil.
Coconut Acid can also be extracted from fresh meat by grating and drying it to a moisture content of 10–12%, then using a manual press to extract the oil.
Producing Coconut Acid from coconut milk involves grating the coconut and mixing it with water, then squeezing out the oil.
The milk can also be fermented for 36–48 hours, the oil removed, and the cream heated to remove any remaining oil.
A third option involves using a centrifuge to separate the oil from the other liquids.
Coconut Acid can also be extracted from the dry residue left over from the production of coconut milk.

A thousand mature coconuts weighing approximately 1,440 kilograms (3,170 pounds) yield around 170 kg (370 lb) of copra from which around 70 litres (15 imp gal) of coconut oil can be extracted.

Production
In 2020, world production of Coconut Acid was 2.61 million metric tons (2.88 million short tons), led by the Philippines and Indonesia accounting together for 60% of the world total.

Coconut amine ethoxylate is used as an emulsifier, wetting and cleaning agent.
Coconut amine ethoxylate is a wetting and cationic cleaning agent.
Coconut amine ethoxylate is found in industrial and individual cleaning products.

Synonyms: ARAPHEN K 100, COCO AMINE 12 EO, TALLOW AMINE 10EO, Ethoxylated coco amine, Primary coco amine, Coco amine + approx 12 EO, GENAMIN C 100, Genamin C 100, (Coconutoil alkyl)amine, ethoxylated, Amiet 102, Amines, cocoalkylbis(polyoxyethylene), Amines, coconut, ethoxylated, Arosurf MG 160, Atmer169, Berol 307, Berol 397, Blaunon L 210, Blaunon L 220, Chemeen C 10, ChemeenC 12G, Chemeen C 2, Crisamine PC 2, Crodamet 02, Crodamet C 20, Crodamet C 5, Esomine C 25, Ethomeen C, Ethomeen C 12, Ethomeen C 15, Ethomeen C 20, EthomeenC 25, Ethox CAM 15, Ethox CAM 2, Ethoxylated coco alkyl amines, Ethylan TLM, GN8361, Genamin C, Genamin C 020, enamin C 050, Genamin C 200, K 215, Kostat P650/5, Lutensol FA 5K, Mazeen C 2, Mazeen C 5, Nissan Nymeen F 215, Noramox C, Noramox C 11, Noramox C 2, Nymeen F 215, Optamine PC 5, PPEM 239, Rhodameen C5, Rofamin KD 3, Surfonic C 2, Variquat 1215, Varonic K 202, Varonic K 205, Varonic K 205LC, Varonic K 209, Varonic K 210, Varonic K 210LC, Varonic K 215, Varonic K 215LC, Witcamine 302, Witcamine 305, PEG-10 Cocamine, PEG-15 Cocamine, PEG-2 Cocamine, PEG-20 Cocamine, PEG-3 Cocamine, PEG-5 Cocamine, Polyethylene glycol (15) coconut amine, Polyethylene glycol (3) coconut amine, Polyethylene glycol (5) coconut amine, Polyethylene glycol 100 coconut amine, Polyethylene glycol 1000 cocamine, Polyethylene glycol 500 coconut amine, Polyoxyethylene (10) coconut amine, Polyoxyethylene (15) coconut amine, Polyoxyethylene (2) coconut amine, Polyoxyethylene (20) cocamine, Polyoxyethylene (20) coconut amine, Polyoxyethylene (3) coconut amine, Polyoxyethylene (5) coconut amine, (Coconut oil alkyl)amine, ethoxylated, 2-Hydroxyethyl coco amine, ethoxylated, Cocoamine, ethoxylated, Ethoxylated cocoamines, Primary coco amine ethylene oxide adduct, Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated, Ethomeen C/l5, N-(Coco alkyl)-N,N-bis(2-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)ethyl)amine, (Coconut Oil Alkyl)Amine Ethoxylate, araphen k 100, arapen k 100, araphenk100, araphen k100, Araphen k 100, Araphen K 100, ARAPHEN K100, Arapen K100, AraphenK100, ARAPENK100

Coconut amine ethoxylate is cleanser and emulsifier of cocoyl polyoxyethylene amine.
Coconut amine ethoxylate is excellent oil removal ability is suitable for spray degreasing and immersion degreasing.

Coconut amine ethoxylate is wetting agent, cleaning agent, emulsifier.
Coconut amine ethoxylate used for cleaners with degreasing properties, spray- and dip degreasing.

Coconut amine ethoxylate is a very effectives raw material.
Coconut amine ethoxylate is an amine ethoxylate based on cocos fatty amine.

ARAPHEN grades can be combined with all types at nonionic and cationic surfactants, and are compatible with anionic products on a case-by-case level.
The ARAPHEN grades are resistant to most chemicals at typical concentrations used and insensitive to water hardness.

Coconut amine ethoxylate is insensitive to water hardness.
Coconut amine ethoxylate can be combined with all types at nonionic and cationic surfactants
Coconut amine ethoxylate resistant to most chemicals at typical concentrations used.

Coconut amine ethoxylate is nonionic surfactant.
Coconut amine ethoxylate wetting agent, emulsifier and detergent (96%).

Coconut amine ethoxylate is slightly cationic in nature and has many uses in acidic cleaners, such as bath cleaners.
Coconut amine ethoxylate can also be used in alkaline environments.

Coconut amine ethoxylate is wetting agent, cleaning agent and emulsifier.
Coconut amine ethoxylate is used for cleaners with degreasing properties, spray- and dip degreasing.

Uses of Coconut amine ethoxylate:
Coconut amine ethoxylate is wetting agent, cleaning agent and emulsifier.
Coconut amine ethoxylate is used for cleaners with degreasing properties, spray- and dip degreasing.

Coconut amine ethoxylate possesses a slight cationic character and is mainly suitable as wetting, emulsifying and cleaning agent in acid media such as acid technical cleaning baths, etc.
Especially for cleaners with degreasing properties, Coconut amine ethoxylate is a very effective raw material.

Storage and Transportation of Coconut amine ethoxylate:
Coconut amine ethoxylate can be stored in closed original containers for at least 2 years.

General characterisation of Coconut amine ethoxylate:

Chemical description: ARAPHEN K 100
CASR-No. 6179-14-8

EC / List no.: 500-152-2
CAS no.: 61791-14-8

Quality control data:
(Data which is used for quality release and is certified for each batch.)
Density (g/cm³, 70°C): 0.990 - 0.994
Water content (%): < 4
Cloudpoint (°C, NaCl): 93 - 97

Additional product descriptive data:
(Data which is proven statistically but not determined regularly.)
Active substance (%): > 96
Amine value: 72.0 - 80.0

Names of Coconut amine ethoxylate:

Regulatory process names:
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated
1 - 4.5 moles ethoxylated

IUPAC names:
(Coconut oil alkyl) amine, ethoxylated
(Coconut oil alkyl)amine, ethoxylated
amines coco alkyl ethoxylated
Amines, C12-18 alkyl, ethoxylated, 15 EO
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated
amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated (12EO)
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated (2-4 EO)
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated (2EO)
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated 1 - 4.5 moles ethoxylated
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoyxlated
aminy, kokosový alkyl, ethoxylované
Coco alkylamine ethoxylate
Cocoamine ethoxyled
Coconut fatty amine ethoxylate 2 - 4 EO
Cocosfettaminoxethylat (< 2,5 mol EO)
Ethomeen C25
Fatty amine ethoxylated
Polyoxyethylene (5) cocoalkylamines

Trade names:
(Coconut oil alkyl)amine, ethoxylated
Aduxol CAM 02; 2-EO
Alkyl(de coco)amines éthoxylées
Amiet 102
Amiet CD 17; 5-EO
Amin, Kokosalkyl, ethoxyliert
Amine, Kokos + EO
Amine, Kokos alkyl, ethoxyliert
Amine, Kokos, ethoxyliert
Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated
Amines, coco alkylbis(polyoxyethylene)
Amines, coconut, ethoxylated
Coconut amine ethoxylate ged.; 12-EO
Coconut amine ethoxylate; 12-EO; 100% Active Matter; active substance
Arosurf MG 160
Berol 307
BK 1057 damped; 12-EO
BK 1057 F200E GV; 12-EO
BK 1057 F200E; 12-EO
BK 1057 ged.; 12-EO
BK 1057 GEDAEMPFT; 12-EO; 100% Active Matter; active substance
BK 1057; 12-EO; 99% Active Matter; active substance
Chemeen C 10
Chemeen C 12G
Chemeen C 2
Coco alkyl amine with EO
Coco amines, ethoxylated
Cocoamin + 12 EO; 12-EO
COCOSAMIN 2,2 EO; 2,2-EO; 99-99% Active Matter; active substance
Crodamet 02
Crodamet C 20
Crodamet C 5
Dehydat 50; 2-EO
Dehymin + 6.2 EO; 6,2-EO; 100% Active Matter; active substance
DEHYMIN BASE 10; 10-EO
Dehymin DK + 3.8 EO; 3,8-EO; 100% Active Matter; active substance
DEHYQUART K 1705; 2-EO
Emulgator 87; 5-EO
ETHAOMEEN C 25; 15-EO
Ethomeen C
Ethomeen C 12
Ethomeen C 15
Ethomeen C 20
Ethomeen C 25
Ethomeen C/15; 5-EO; 100% Active Matter; active substance
ETHOMEEN C/25; 15-EO
Ethox CAM 15
Ethoxylated coco alkyl amines
Ethylan TLM
Eumulgin PA 12; 12-EO
Eumulgin PA 2; 2-EO
Fettamin + 12 EO, Kokos; 12-EO
Fettamin + 2 EO, Kokos; 2-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 10EO; 10-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 12.5EO; 12,5-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 12EO; 12-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 15EO; 15-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 2,2EO; 2,2-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 20EO; 20-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 2EO; 2-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 3,8EO; 3,8-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 30EO; 30-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 3EO; 3-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 4EO; 4-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 5EO; 5-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 6,2EO; 6,2-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + 7EO; 7-EO
FM C8-18/18:1 COC + nEO; n-EO
Genamin C
Genamin C 050; 5-EO
Genamin C 100; 10-EO
Genamin C 200
Genamin C 200; 20-EO
GENAMIN C020; 2-EO
Genamin CC 100D
HE 1126; 4-EO
HE 1127; 20-EO
HE 1128; 30-EO
HE 1132; 7-EO
Hostastat FA 14; 2-EO
IMBENTIN-CAM/120; 12-EO
K 1168 100 %; 12-EO; 100% Active Matter; active substance
K 1168; 12-EO; 100% Active Matter; active substance
K 1186; 12-EO
K 1705 W; 2-EO
K 1705; 2-EO; 100% Active Matter; active substance
K 215
Katax 570 N; 12-EO
Kokosalkylamin mit EO
Kokosamin + 12 EO; 12-EO
Kokosamin + 2 EO; 2-EO
Kokosamin + 2-EO
Kokosamin + 5 EO; 5-EO
Kokosamin + EO
Kokosamin, ethoxyliert
Kostat P 650/5
Lowenol C-243; 3-EO
LUTENSOL FA 12 K; 12-EO
LUTOSTAT MSW 16 180KG; 2-EO
Lutostat MSW 16; 2-EO
Mazeen C 2
Mazeen C 5
Mezeen C 5
Nissan Nymeen F 215
Noramox C
Noramox C 11
Noramox C 11; 11-EO
Noramox C 12.5; 12,5-EO
Nymeen F 215
OE 4033; 2-EO
OMC 270; 12-EO
Optamine PC 5
PEG-10 cocamine
PEG-10 cocamine (INCI)
PEG-15 cocamine
PEG-15 cocamine (INCI)
PEG-2 cocamine
PEG-2 cocamine (INCI)
PEG-20 cocamine
PEG-20 cocamine (INCI)
PEG-3 cocamine
PEG-3 cocamine (INCI)
PEG-5 cocamine
PEG-5 cocamine (INCI)
PRODUKT BK 1057; 12-EO
PRODUKT BK 1057GEDAEMPFT; 12-EO
Rhodameen C 5
RIDOSOL 1057 #KN25#; unbekannt1
Ridosol 1057; unbekannt1
Rofamin KD 3
Varonic K 202
Varonic K 205
Varonic K 205LC
Varonic K 209
Varonic K 210
Varonic K 210LC
Varonic K 215
Varonic K 215LC

Other identifier:
61791-14-8

Coconut dimethylalkylamine has a variety of different uses including use in the manufacture of amine oxides used as surfactants.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in raw materials for cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, emulsifier for asphalt, mould release agents for rubber, flotation agents, anti-caking agents for fertilisers, fuel additives, sludge inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in starting materials for germicides and bactericides, levelling agents, wood preservatives, oil recovery agents and amine oxide.

CAS Number: 68439-70-3

Uses of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Coconut dimethylalkylamine has a variety of different uses including use in the manufacture of amine oxides used as surfactants.
Additionally Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in the manufacture of benzalkonium salts to be used in biocide applications.

Coconut dimethylalkylamine is not sold to consumers and use is limited to Industrial use only.
Workers handling Coconut dimethylalkylamine should have the appropriate skills and training with self-protect apparatus.

Physical/chemical properties of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is a clear colourless liquid with a characteristic fatty amine odour and is insoluble in water.

Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used as raw material for cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, emulsifier for asphalt, mould release agents for rubber, flotation agents, anti-caking agents for fertilisers, fuel additives, sludge inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used as starting materials for germicides and bactericides, levelling agents, wood preservatives, oil recovery agents and amine oxide.

Applications of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in raw materials for cationic surfactants.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in raw materials for amphoteric surfactants.

Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in corrosion inhibitors, Raw materials for emulsifier for asphalt, mold release agents for rubber, flotation agents, anti-caking agents for fertilizers, fuel additives, sludge inhibitors, etc.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in starting materials for cationic and amphoteric surfactants, germicides & bactericides, levelling agents, wood preservatives, oil recovery agents, amine oxide, corrosion inhibitors, hair care ingredients.

Main Applications:
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in starting materials for cationic and amphoteric surfactants, germicides & bactericides, levelling agents, wood preservatives, oil recovery agents, amine oxide, corrosion inhibitors, hair care ingredients

Physical/chemical properties
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is a clear colourless liquid with a characteristic fatty amine odour and is insoluble in water.

Health information of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is an alkylamine which is classified as harmful if swallowed.
Information on other dimethylakyl amines suggests that Coconut dimethylalkylamine will cause severe burns when in contact with the skin and serious eye damage if in contact with the eyes.

Consumer exposure is very unlikely as Coconut dimethylalkylamine is manufactured and handled in industrial settings in closed systems (used as chemical intermediate).
Consumers will not come into contact with harmful levels of Coconut dimethylalkylamine as use in consumer end-products is not foreseen.

Workers will not come into contact with Coconut dimethylalkylamine as it is manufactured and handled in industrial settings in closed systems.
Moreover, the vapour pressure of Coconut dimethylalkylamine is low and therefore the exposure via inhalation will be limited.
In case of unintended exposure during maintenance, sampling, testing, or other procedures workers should follow the recommended safety measures in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).

Human health of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is a raw material used in the production of amine oxide surfactants.
Additionally Coconut dimethylalkylamine is used in the manufacture of benzalkonium salts to be used in biocide applications.

Therefore exposure will only occur in an industrial setting to workers.
Consumers will not be exposed to Coconut dimethylalkylamine.

Exposure of workers in manufacturing facilities is also considered very low because the process, storage and handling operations are under strictly controlled conditions.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is rigorously contained in a closed system by technical means during its whole life cycle.

Coconut dimethylalkylamine is transported to another reactor or storage tank using closed transfer pipes.
Workers who might accidentally come in contact with the non-formulated, undiluted substance should follow the safety measures recommended in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).

Effect assessment Result: (REACH assessment)

Acute toxicity:

Oral / inhalation / dermal:
Harmful by the oral route.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is not considered as harmful by dermal or inhalation routes of exposure.

Irritation / corrosion:

Skin / eye / respiratory tract:
Coconut dimethylalkylamine causes severe skin burns.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine causes skin irritation and eye irritation.

Toxicity after repeated exposure:

Oral / inhalation / dermal:
No information available.

Genotoxicity / Mutagenicity:
Not mutagenic.

Carcinogenicity:
No information available.

Toxicity for reproduction:
No information available.

Environmental information about Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is very toxic to aquatic organism and considered very hazardous to the aquatic environment.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is readily biodegradable, will not persist in the environment and has a low potential of bioaccumulation.
Adsorption potential of Coconut dimethylalkylamine is high and it is likely to bind to soil and suspended particles.

The amount of Coconut dimethylalkylamine released into the aquatic and terrestrial environment, however, is low indicating no risk for the aquatic and terrestrial environment.
Coconut dimethylalkylamine is confirmed by an environmental exposure assessment showing that exposure can be minimised during all steps of manufacture and industrial use.

Environment:
Manufacture of chemicals involving Coconut dimethylalkylamine is a closed and automated process with no aqueous effluent and no gaseous emissions released to the environment.
During the industrial use of Coconut dimethylalkylamine there is also a “No release” policy with all effluent being stored in special containers dedicated to incineration.

Risk management recommendations of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
When using chemicals make sure that there is adequate ventilation.
Always use appropriate chemical resistant gloves to protect your hands and skin and always wear eye protection.

Coconut dimethylalkylamine is corrosive to the skin and causes serious eye damage so alkali-resistant gloves and safety goggles or face shield should be worn.
Appropriate clothing should be worn also.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke where chemicals are handled, processed, or stored.
If this material gets on clothing take off immediately all contaminated clothing.

If you have inhaled Coconut dimethylalkylamine, move to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
If swallowed Coconut dimethylalkylamine, seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Do not induce vomiting.
If Coconut dimethylalkylamine gets into your eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.

Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

If Coconut dimethylalkylamine gets on your skin, wash the skin with 2% acetic acid and plenty of water until slimy feeling disappears.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Identifiers of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Chemical name: Lauric distilled Dimethyl Amine
Chemical family: Natural Dimethyl Alkyl Amine
Industries: Tertiary Amines
Description: Surfactant producer of Amine Oxides, Betaine type products and Quaternary Ammonium compounds.
Properties: Quaternary Ammonium Precusor
Regional Availability: EMEA, ASIA, LATAM, AMERICA

CAS Number: 68439-70-3
Chemical Name: Amines, C12-16-alkyldimetyl
Industries: Oleochemicals (Tertiary Amines)

Properties of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Physical state: Liquid
Colour: Colourless
Odour: Characteristic (fatty amine)
pH: No information available
Density: 0.790 g/mL at 20 ºC
Melting point: - 8.9 ºC
Boiling point: No information available
Flash point: 136 °C (Cleveland open cup method)
Flammability (Optional): No information available
Explosive properties: No information available
Self – ignition temperature: No information available
Vapour pressure: No information available
Water solubility: Insoluble
Octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow): No information available

Specifications of Coconut dimethylalkylamine:
Product name: FARMIN 2471
Chemical Name: Alkyl(C12-16) dimethylamines
CAS RN.: 68439-70-3
Appearance: Clear liquid
Typical carbon chain composition: C10: 2% max., C12:63-75%, C14:24-30%, C16:5% max, C18:0.5% max.
Color: 40 APHA max.
Total amine value: 244-255
Tertiary amine (%): 98 min.
1'ry & 2'ry amines(%): 0.30 max.
Water content(%): 0.30 max.

Apperance: Clear liquid
Color (APHA): 40 max.
Total amine value (mgKOH/g): 244 – 255
Tertiary amine (%): 98.0 min.
1 & 2 Amine (%): 0.30 max
Moisture (%): 0.30 max.

Alkyl composition (%):
C10 / 2.0 max
C12 / 63.0 – 75.0
C14 / 24 – 30
C16 / 5.0
C18 / 0.5 max

Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated CAS no.: 61791-14-8

Copra; Koline; oils,copra; Kokosnuoel; Coconut oil; oils,coconut; coconutbutter; Coconutextract; coconutpalmoil; freecoconutoil; COCOSNUCIFERAOIL; COCONUTOIL,REFINED; COCONUT OIL EDIBLE; Coconut oil,pure,refined; Coconut fat, Copra oil; COCONUT OIL, 1000MG, NEAT; Coconut oil, refined, pure; COCONUT(COCOSNIUCIFERA)OIL CAS NO:8001-31-8

Coconut oil is made by pressing dried coconut meat, called copra, or fresh coconut meat.
To make Coconut oil, you can use a “dry” or “wet” method.


CAS-No. : 8001-31-8
EC-No. : 232-282-8


The milk and oil from the coconut are pressed, and then the oil is removed.
Coconut oil has a firm texture at cool or room temperatures because the fats in the oil, which are mostly saturated fats, are made up of smaller molecules.
At temperatures about 78 degrees Fahrenheit, Coconut oil liquified.


Coconut oil also has a smoke point of about 350 degrees, making it a great option for sautéed dishes, sauces and baked goods.
Coconut oil is also easily absorbed into the skin because of its smaller fat molecules, making coconut oil for skin a viable skin and scalp moisturizer.
Coconut oil is made by pressing dried coconut meat, called copra, or fresh coconut meat.


To make Coconut oil, you can use a “dry” or “wet” method.
Coconut oil is an important base ingredient for the manufacture of soap.
Coconut oil is an edible oil made from pressing the meat inside coconuts.


Coconut oil's solid at room temperature and liquid when heated.
There are two types, virgin coconut oil and refined.
Virgin coconut oil uses fresh meat, while refined uses dried coconut meat, also called copra.


This plant-based oil, Coconut oil, is used as a cooking fat.
Coconut oil's also a common and effective moisturizing ingredient in lotions and hair care products.
As a food ingredient, coconut oil has been marketed as having several health benefits, including helping with weight loss and preventing dementia.


But many scientists say there's not enough scientific evidence for these claims.
Coconut oil is high in saturated fat, which the American Heart Association says can raise your cholesterol levels and increase your risk of heart disease.
If you include coconut oil in your diet, it's best to do so in moderation.


Coconut oil (or coconut fat) is an edible oil derived from the kernels, meat, and milk of the coconut palm fruit.
Coconut oil is a white solid fat below around 25 °C (77 °F), and a clear thin liquid oil in warmer climates.
Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma.


Coconut oil is used as a food oil, and in industrial applications for cosmetics and detergent production.
Coconut oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids.
Due to Coconut oil's high levels of saturated fat, numerous health authorities recommend limiting its consumption as a food.


Coconut oil is an edible oil extracted from the flesh of matured coconuts and harvested from the coconut palm tree, a member of the Arecaceae plant family.
Coconuts, despite their name, are technically not nuts but drupes (a fruit with a single seed).
Coconut oil is a tropical oil derived from — you guessed it — the flesh of coconuts.


In stores, you’ll see both virgin and refined coconut oil.
The specific type you’re buying will be indicated on the front label.
Like many trendy health foods, coconut oil enjoyed a burst of popularity that has waned in recent years.


While retail sales of coconut oil peaked in 2015, they fell by around 30 percent in 2018.
But, spurred in part by the popularity of low-carb, high-fat diets, such as the keto diet, the market for coconut oil is expected to rise again over the next several years, recent forecasts show.


Coconut oil is often promoted as a keto-friendly food, although many experts question just how healthy it is.
Approximately 70% of the world's coconut oil is produced by the Philippines and Indonesia.



USES and APPLICATIONS of COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil is more soluble in hard water and salt water than other soaps allowing it to lather more easily.
Coconut oil can be used to treat dryness and sores from saltwater and sunburn.
Coconut oil can be used for burning in a torch or dripped into fire to create insect-repelling smoke.


Coconut oil also protects metal from corrosion.
Soap made with coconut oil tends to be hard, though it retains more water than soap made with other oils and thus increases manufacturer yields.
Virgin coconut oil uses fresh meat, while refined uses dried coconut meat, also called copra.


Whether Coconut Oil’s drinking coconut water, using the oil as a moisturiser or adding a spoonful to bakes, we’ve seen the coconut rise to prominence in both our kitchens and bathrooms.
Virgin coconut oil is deemed to be higher quality than refined coconut oil and is said to be richer in antioxidant polyphenols as well as nutrients like vitamin E.


Virgin coconut oil is less processed than the refined version, and that preserves its sweet tropical flavor.
Refined coconut oil goes through more processing, which leads to a more neutral smell and flavor.
Because it doesn’t have that telltale coconut taste, you can use the refined kind as a main cooking oil for a variety of recipes.


“Refined coconut oil” is now often referred to as “all-purpose coconut oil,” so look for either phrase on the label.
Additionally, there is no official USDA designation for “extra-virgin” coconut oil, so that language is often just marketing speak (not to be confused with olive oil, for which extra-virgin is the highest grade and virgin is unrefined).



IS COCONUT OIL GOOD FOR SKIN?
COCONUT OIL IS COMPOSED OF:
*Caprylic Acid:
This fatty acid makes up approximately 8% of coconut oil and has strong anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties which make it an effective treatment for numerous skin conditions.

*Capric Acid:
Is an excellent emollient and can help to moisturise skin, capric acid makes up approximately 7% of coconut oil.

*Lauric Acid:
Lauric acid makes up roughly 49% of coconut oil and has been linked to being the main reason for all of coconut oils benefits.
Some research suggests that this acid can help with weight loss, reduce the likelihood of Alzheimer's and more.

*Myristic Acid:
Most commonly myristic acid is used as a cleansing agent in cosmetics and makes up approximately 8% of coconut oil.

*Palmitic Acid:
Making up approximately 8% of coconut oil, palmitic acid is most often used as an emollient to soften skin or as a moisturiser in skincare.

*Stearic Acid:
This acid is commonly used in skincare products as an emulsifier but also is used in hair care products for its ability to protect and condition hair.
Stearic acid makes up approximately 2% of coconut oil.

*Oleic Acid
Oleic acid makes up roughly 6% of coconut oil and is used in many skincare products that target dry and aging skin as it is easily absorbed by the skin and is highly moisturizing.

*Linoleic Acid:
Linoleic acid comprises of about 2% of coconut oil and is amazing at strengthening the skin barrier so it can better retain moisture and keep harmful irritants out.



WHERE DOES COCONUT OIL COME FROM?
Coconut oil is extracted from the kernel of coconuts by either a wet or dry process.
The dry process of producing coconut oil for skin involves extracting the meat before drying it off and pressing or dissolving the copra to get the oil.
The wet process involves using extracted coconut milk and separating the emulsion of water and oil.
The dry process of extracting coconut oil is usually preferred as it generates a higher yield and is cheaper.



COCONUT OIL FOR DRY SKIN:
One of the coconut oil benefits is that it has been proven to significantly increase skin hydration just as effectively as other mineral oils and keep it hydrated for longer.
Coconut oil for dry skin can be used as a deep treatment to nourish dry and cracked skin, replenishing lost moisture and strengthening the skin barrier to retain it.
Coconut oil has also been found to help treat eczema and reduce its symptoms of dry, scaly and itchy skin that is prone to rashes.



COCONUT OIL FOR FACE:
Coconut oil for face is popular as it is highly moisturising and can also reduce inflammation, counteract free radical damage and prevent infection.
Not only this but coconut oil for face can boost the production of collagen which helps to firm skin and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.



COCONUT OIL FOR SKIN:
Coconut oil can be used all over your body, not just for your face!
A few popular coconut oil uses for the body include: as a natural shaving cream, to treat dry hands and soften cuticles, in place of body lotion to soften & hydrate skin or as a body massage oil.
Coconut oil for dry skin is particularly hydrating.



DIY COCONUT OIL FOR FACE:
Using unrefined, raw or virgin coconut oil for face overnight can work wonders for your skin and is a popular occasional deep treatment.



DIY COCONUT OIL FOR FACE STEPS:
Scoop approximately 1 tablespoon of coconut oil into your palm and melt it by softly squeezing it between your palms.
Gently massage the melted coconut oil onto your face and neck area.
Once you have an even coverage, dab away any excess residue from the surface of your skin using an absorbent tissue.

Leave the rest of the coconut oil on your skin to slowly sink into your face and neck overnight.
You don't have to limit coconut oil just to your face either, you can use this method to apply it to the skin all over your body for deep nourishment.
Most people who use coconut oil like to do this sparingly once a week as it can be heavy on the skin and clog pores - especially if you already have oily skin.



NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF COCONUT OIL PER 100 G:
Energy 3,730 kJ (890 kcal)
Fat 99 g
Saturated 82.5 g
Monounsaturated 6.3 g
Polyunsaturated 1.7 g
Vitamins Quantity%DV†
Vitamin E 20%3 mg
Vitamin K 1%0.6 μg
Minerals Quantity%DV†
Iron 0%0.05 mg
Other constituents Quantity
phytosterols 86 mg



COCONUT OIL NUTRITION FACTS, INCLUDING HOW MANY CALORIES:
Coconut Oil Has These are the nutrition facts for a 1 tablespoon (tbsp) serving of coconut oil.
Calories 104
Protein 0 grams (g)
Fat 11.5 g
Saturated fat 9.6 g
Carbohydrates 0 g
Fiber 0 g
Sugar 0 g
That’s very similar to other oils.
For instance, 1 tbsp of olive oil has 119 calories and 13.5 g of fat.



COMPARED WITH OLIVE OIL, IS COCONUT OIL A HEALTHY FAT?
Although coconut oil has a similar nutritional profile to other cooking oils, the main difference lies in the specific types of fats it contains.
The majority — 83 percent — of the fat in coconut oil is saturated fat, the kind typically found in animal products like meat and dairy.
In olive oil, on the other hand, only 14 percent of the fat is saturated.



10 EVIDENCE-BASED HEALTH BENEFITS OF COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil may help reduce hunger, improve oral health, possibly reduce seizures, and more.
However, while coconut oil does have several potential benefits, it may not be great for your heart health.
Coconut oil is an increasingly popular cooking oil.

Many people praise Coconut oil for its health benefits, including antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, improved skin and oral health, and weight loss potential.
Here are 10 evidence-based health benefits of coconut oil, plus some special considerations to keep in mind if you want to include it in your diet.

1. May encourage fat burning:
Coconut oil is a rich source of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), a type of saturated fat.
In general, saturated fats are divided into three subgroups, each of which has different effects in your body.

These subgroups are:
*long-chain
*medium-chain
*short-chain

Scientists are studying medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), including those found in coconut oil, for their potential health benefits.
For instance, some evidence shows that consuming MCTs may increase the number of calories your body burns.
In doing so, Coconut oil may help promote weight loss.

Since the fats in coconut oil are 65% MCT, it may have fat-burning properties that are similar to pure MCT oil.
However, there’s currently no good evidence to say that eating coconut oil itself will increase the number of calories you burn.

In fact, studies on MCT’s weight loss potential even call for caution when interpreting results because larger and higher-quality studies are still needed.
While MCTs may increase how many calories you burn, keep in mind that coconut oil is very high in calories and can easily lead to weight gain if you consume it in large amounts.


2. May work as a quick source of energy:
The MCTs in coconut oil provide a quick supply of energy.
When you eat long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), the fat molecules are transported through your blood to tissues that need them, such as muscle or fat tissue.
On the other hand, MCTs go straight to your liver and become a rapid energy supply in much the same way as carbs — your body’s preferred source of energy.
In fact, MCTs have been long used in sports nutrition products for athletes who need a source of energy their body can absorb and use fast.


3. May have antimicrobial effects:
Coconut oil has antimicrobial and antifungal properties due to its MCT content — specifically, lauric acid.
Lauric acid is a fatty acid that makes up about 50% of the MCTs in coconut oil.

Research suggests Coconut oil may have antimicrobial effects against disease-causing microorganisms, such as:
*Staphylococcus aureus
*Streptococcus mutans
*Streptococcus pyogenes
*Escherichia coli
*Helicobacter pylori

Studies show that lauric acid may act as a bacteriostatic agent.
This is a substance that prevents bacteria from multiplying without killing the bacteria.
Coconut oil may also act as a bacteriocidal agent, which destroys some bacteria.
In addition, Coconut oil may also inhibit the growth of microorganisms that are harmful to plants.


4. May help reduce hunger:
One interesting feature of MCTs is that they may help reduce food intake.
This may be related to how the body breaks them down.
A proportion of MCTs you eat are broken down in a process that produces molecules called ketones.

Ketones reduce appetite by either acting directly on the brain’s chemical messengers or altering the levels of hunger-inducing hormones, such as ghrelin.
You may be familiar with ketones in the context of ketogenic diets, which are quite popular these days.
People who are on keto diets don’t eat many carbs, but they do often eat lots of fat.

For this reason, their bodies tend to use ketones for fuel.
However, though coconut oil is one of the richest natural sources of MCTs, there’s no evidence that coconut oil itself reduces appetite more than other oils.
In fact, one study reports that coconut oil is less filling than MCT oil


5. May help reduce seizures:
People have long used keto diets, which are very low in carbs and high in fats, to treat various disorders, including drug-resistant epilepsy.
They have been shown to help reduce how often seizures happen.
Researchers believe that the lack of available glucose to fuel brain cells is a possible explanation for the reduction in seizure frequency in people with epilepsy on ketogenic diets.

However, overall, there’s a lack of evidence for the use of keto diets in adults and infants with epilepsy, so more research is needed.
Reducing your carb intake reduces the glucose in your blood, and increasing your fat intake leads to significantly increased concentrations of ketones.
Your brain can use ketones as an energy source instead of glucose.

Recently, people have found they can effectively treat epilepsy by following modified keto diets that include MCTs and a more generous carb allowance to induce ketosis.
Research shows that the MCTs in coconut oil get transported to your liver and turned into ketones


6. May boost skin health:
Coconut oil has many uses that have little to do with eating.
Many people use it for cosmetic purposes to improve the health and appearance of their skin.
Studies show that coconut oil can boost the moisture content of dry skin.

It may also improve the function of the skin, helping prevent excessive water loss and protecting you from external factors, such as infectious agents, chemicals, and allergens.
In fact, a recent study determined that applying 6–8 drops of virgin coconut oil on your hands and leaving it overnight may be an effective way to prevent dry skin caused by frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

It may also reduce the severity of mild to moderate symptoms of atopic dermatitis, a chronic skin disease characterized by skin inflammation and defects in skin barrier function


7. May protect your hair:
Coconut oil can also protect against hair damage.
For instance, one study determined that, since coconut oil deeply penetrates hair strands, it makes them more flexible and increases their strength to prevent them from breaking under tension.
Similarly, another study found that coconut oil nourishes hair strands and reduces breakage, which further strengthens the hair.


8. May improve oral health:
Evidence shows that using coconut oil as a mouthwash — a process called oil pulling — benefits oral hygiene in a cost-effective way.
Oil pulling involves swishing coconut oil in your mouth like mouthwash.
It may significantly reduce the count of harmful bacteria in the mouth — namely S. mutans — compared with a regular mouthwash.

This is thought to be due to the antibacterial properties of lauric acid.
Additionally, lauric acid in coconut oil reacts with saliva to form a soap-like substance that prevents cavities and helps reduce dental plaque buildup and gum inflammation.

However, the review studies note that there’s limited evidence on this topic and that oil pulling doesn’t replace dental therapy.
More research is needed on the effects of oil pulling on dental health.


9. May help reduce symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease:
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia.
This condition reduces your brain’s ability to use glucose for energy.

However, researchers believe that ketones can offset early signs of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease by providing an alternative energy source for brain cells.
For this reason, individual foods like coconut oil have been investigated for their potential role in managing Alzheimer’s disease.
Yet, larger studies in humans are needed.


10. A good antioxidant source:
Coconut oil is a good source of antioxidants, which help neutralize damaging molecules called free radicals.
This, in turn, helps ward off several chronic and degenerative diseases.

Some of the main types of antioxidants in the oil are:
*tocopherols
*tocotrienols
*phytosterols
*flavonoids
*polyphenols

Antioxidants in coconut oil confer it with potential anti-inflammatory and brain-protective effects.
One study also suggests the possible role of coconut oil, particularly the MCT lauric acid, in reducing secondary diabetic complications



COCONUT OIL NUTRITION:
Coconut oil has no cholesterol or fiber, but it does have some nutrients, though in very small amounts:
*Lauric acid
*Myristic acid
*Palmitic acid
*Monounsaturated fats
*Polyunsaturated fats
*Plant sterols
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs)



SOURCE OF COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil is 100% fat, 80-90% of which is saturated fat.
This gives it a firm texture at cold or room temperatures.
Fat is made up of smaller molecules called fatty acids, and there are several types of saturated fatty acids in coconut oil.

The predominant type is lauric acid (47%), with myristic and palmitic acids present in smaller amounts, which have been shown in research to raise harmful LDL levels.
Also present in trace amounts are monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.


Coconut oil contains no cholesterol, no fiber, and only traces of vitamins, minerals, and plant sterols.
Plant sterols have a chemical structure that mimics blood cholesterol, and may help to block the absorption of cholesterol in the body.
However, the amount found in a few tablespoons of coconut oil is too small to produce a beneficial effect.



BENEFITS OF COCONUT OIL MAY INCLUDE:
1. Contains medium-chain fatty acids
2. Has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties
3. May be helpful in the treatment of skin conditions
4. May protect hair from damage
5. May be helpful in the prevention of dental caries



NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF COCONUT OIL:
1 tbsp (11g) provides:
99 kcal / 407 kJ
11g fat
9.5g saturated fat
0.7g mono-unsaturated fat
0.2g polyunsaturated fat



THE BENEFITS OF COCONUT OIL FOR SKIN INCLUDE:
Defending Skin from Damaging Microorganisms
The fatty acids that coconut oil contains, namely lauric and capric acid, are fantastic at keeping skin healthy due to their antimicrobial properties that mean they kill harmful microorganisms that can grow on our skin.
Common skin infections such as acne, folliculitis and cellulitis are caused by fungi and bacteria which the lauric and capric acid in coconut oil help to kill.


*Coconut Oil for Dry Skin is Highly Moisturising:
Coconut oil has been found to be a highly effective moisturiser for dry and cracked skin.
Coconut oil helps to hydrate skin and reinforce its natural defensive barrier to better retain moisture which means coconut oil for dry skin is fantastic.


*Coconut Oil Can Help to Treat Acne:
The anti-inflammatory properties that coconut oil has means it has the ability to help treat acne, which is an inflammatory condition.
Not only this but both lauric and capric acid which are present in coconut oil have been shown to be capable of killing acne causing bacteria.


*Coconut Oil Can Support Healing:
Studies have proven that coconut oil has the ability to boost the level of antioxidants and collagen in our body, which both play an important role in the natural regeneration and repair process of our skin.


*Coconut Oil Can Help to Reduce Inflammation:
Another benefit of coconut oil for skin is that it can help to reduce inflammation through improving antioxidant status.
Antioxidants help to fight free radicals (unstable atoms that attach to our skin) that can be inflammatory.
Coconut Oil Contributes to a More Even Skin Tone
Coconut oil for skin has been known to help reduce dark spots, soothe facial redness and help to fix an uneven skin tone.


*Coconut Oil Can Help to Reduce Signs of Ageing Skin:
As one of the benefits of coconut oil for skin is that it helps to increase the natural production of collagen, this helps to improve skin elasticity for firmer skin.
Improved skin elasticity also means fine lines and wrinkles are less likely to appear.


*Coconut Oil Can Help to Soften Skin:
Several of the fatty acids that coconut oil contains, such as capric acid, are excellent emollients that help to soften skin.



COCONUT OIL BENEFITS:
A few early studies have indicated that coconut oil might have certain health benefits.
But experts say we need much more research to confirm these findings.
Also, some research into the dietary benefits of coconut oil has used a type that you can't buy in the store.
Coconut oil's much higher in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), a type of fat your body can absorb rapidly.


*Coconut oil for weight loss:
The MCTs in coconut oil are easily converted to energy instead of being stored in your body as fat.
In theory, this could help you feel full and aid in weight loss.

But we need more research into whether coconut oil can help people lose weight.
So far, results have been mixed.
Also, ordinary coconut oil contains mostly lauric acid, a fatty acid that your body metabolizes more slowly.


*Coconut oil and brain function:
Scientists think that the brain cells of people with Alzheimer's can't properly use glucose for energy.
When you digest coconut oil and other fats, your liver produces chemicals called ketones.

These ketones could provide an alternative source of energy for your brain, which might help reduce symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
But we need more studies into whether this is true.


*Coconut oil for hair:
Coconut oil can improve your hair health by adding moisture.
This helps reduce dandruff, soften frizz, and restore moisture in dry hair.
You can use Coconut oil as a conditioner, styling aid, or leave-in hair mask.


*Coconut oil for skin:
Using coconut oil on your skin helps prevent water loss, which causes dry skin and other problems such as eczema and rosacea.
Apply Coconut oil like lotion.
Just don't put Coconut oil on your face because it can clog pores.
Lauric acid in coconut oil has antimicrobial properties, so it's also good for soothing skin irritation such as razor burn.


*Coconut oil as lube
Coconut oil can work well as a sexual lubricant, especially if you have allergies or sensitive skin.
Coconut oil's not likely to cause irritation or infection.


*Coconut oil pulling:
Oil pulling is when you swish coconut oil in your mouth for 10-15 minutes, then spit it out.
You can do Coconut oil daily, but don't stop brushing your teeth.
Some research has indicated that coconut oil pulling may help with dental hygiene.



TOP 5 HEALTH BENEFITS OF COCONUT OIL:
1. Contains medium-chain fatty acids:
Coconut oil is different from other dietary oils, because it is mainly composed of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), whereas most other oils are almost entirely long-chain fatty acids.

This means that the fatty acids in coconut oil are made up of a chain of six to 12 carbon atoms, as opposed to the more than 12 found in long-chain fatty acids.
This difference in structure has all sorts of implications, including how the oil is digested to how it influences your body.


2. Has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties:
About 50 per cent of the MCFAs in coconut oil are a type called lauric acid, which contributes to the oil’s anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties.


3. May be helpful in the treatment of skin conditions:
Limited but consistent evidence appears to support the topical use of coconut oil for the prevention and treatment of mild to moderate cases of chronic skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis.
It has also been shown to alleviate some complex skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis.


4. May protect hair from damage:
The lauric acid in coconut oil appears to have a high affinity for hair protein and, because of the way the oil is structured, is able to penetrate inside the hair shaft.

This means coconut oil and products made from it may be useful in preventing the hair damage caused by protein loss due to grooming and ultraviolet (UV) exposure.
However, more studies are needed to confirm this effect.


5. May be helpful in the prevention of dental caries:
Oil pulling is a traditional ayurvedic remedy originally practised in ancient India for the maintenance of oral health.
More recent studies suggest the practice of using coconut oil may be beneficial for the prevention of dental caries by reducing plaque formation and gingivitis.
However, limitations in sample sizes and duration means a larger number of well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to determine the true value of coconut oil for this purpose.



INDUSTRY OF COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil has been tested for use as a feedstock for biodiesel to use as a diesel engine fuel.
In this manner, Coconut oil can be applied to power generators and transport using diesel engines.
Since straight coconut oil has a high gelling temperature (22–25 °C (72–77 °F)), a high viscosity, and a minimum combustion chamber temperature of 500 °C (932 °F) (to avoid polymerization of the fuel), coconut oil typically is transesterified to make biodiesel.

Use of B100 (100% biodiesel) is possible only in temperate climates, as the gel point is approximately 10 °C (50 °F).
Coconut oil must meet the Weihenstephan standard to use pure vegetable oil as a fuel.
Moderate to severe damage from carbonisation and clogging would occur in an unmodified engine.

The Philippines, Vanuatu, Samoa, and several other tropical island countries use coconut oil as an alternative fuel source to run automobiles, trucks, and buses, and to power generators.
Biodiesel fuel derived from coconut oil is currently used as a fuel for transport in the Philippines.
Further research into the potential of coconut oil as a fuel for electricity generation is being carried out in the islands of the Pacific, although to date it appears that it is not useful as a fuel source due to the cost of labour and supply constraints.

Coconut oil has been tested for use as an engine lubricant and as a transformer oil.
Coconut oil (and derivatives, such as coconut fatty acid) are used as raw materials in the manufacture of surfactants such as cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamide MEA, and cocamide DEA.

Acids derived from coconut oil can be used as herbicides.
Treatment with catalytic lipase has reportedly given coconut oil antimicrobial characteristics.
Before the advent of electrical lighting, coconut oil was the primary oil used for illumination in India and was exported as cochin oil.



HEALTH OF COCONUT OIL:
Many of the health claims for coconut oil refer to research that used a special formulation of coconut oil made of 100% medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), not the commercial coconut oil most available on supermarket shelves.
MCTs have a shorter chemical structure than other fats, and so are quickly absorbed and used by the body.

After digestion, MCTs travel to the liver where they are immediately used for energy.
The theory is that this quickly absorbed form promotes satiety and prevents fat storage.
Coconut oil contains mostly lauric acid, which is not an MCT.

Lauric acid is absorbed more slowly and metabolized like other long-chain fatty acids.
So the health benefits reported from a specially constructed MCT coconut oil that contains medium-chain triglycerides other than lauric acid cannot be applied directly to commercial coconut oils.

Although epidemiological studies find that groups of people who include coconut as part of their native diets (e.g., India, Philippines, Polynesia) have low rates of cardiovascular disease, it is important to note that many other characteristics, dietary and other, could be explanatory.
Also, the type of coconut they eat is different than what is used in a typical Western diet.

These groups do not eat processed coconut oil, but the whole coconut as coconut meat or pressed coconut cream, along with an indigenous diet of foods rich in fiber and low in processed and sugary foods.



COCONUT OIL FOR HAIR:
1. Deep condition:
Hair conditioners often contain coconut oil because it easily penetrates the strands and can even prevent protein loss.
You’ll want to place a soft towel over your pillow or sleep in a shower cap.
In the morning, rinse with a gentle shampoo.


2. Create a DIY hair mask:
Soften locks with a spa-worthy hair mask.
Mix 3 to 5 tablespoons of organic, refined coconut oil (in its liquid state) with 20 drops rosemary oil.
Massage onto hair and cover with a shower cap.
Let it sit for 30 to 60 minutes, then shampoo out.


3. Tame frizz:
If you struggle with taming your mane, coconut oil can definitely help.
Rub a small bit of coconut oil between the pads of your fingers and run through particularly frizzy areas to leave hair looking smooth and polished.
As an alternative to straight oil, you can also use frizz-fighting serums that contain coconut oil to nourish and strengthen hair.


4. Add shine:
Smooth a tiny amount of organic coconut oil onto the ends of your hair to add a little shine if you have dark hair.
Remember that a dab will do you—any more than that and your hair might appear greasy.


5. Minimize dandruff:
Coconut oil can help lower the levels of yeast on the skin that drive inflammation, flaking, and itching associated with dandruff.
Try minimizing the problem with an ultra-moisturizing coconut oil treatment: Heat 2 or 3 tablespoons of oil on the stove over a low flame. Once it liquifies, immediately remove it from the stove, so it doesn’t become too hot.
Then, massage the oil into your scalp.

If you have any leftover oil, you can use it to coat the rest of your hair.
Let the oil sit on your scalp for 30 minutes and then wash it out with shampoo.
(A shower cap will contain the mixture and prevent it from dripping on you while you wait.)


COCONUT OIL FOR FACE
6. Use as a first step face wash:
Because coconut oil is naturally antibacterial, antifungal, and moisturizing, many women swear by its use as a nighttime moisturizer for their face, too.
Try the oil cleansing method: Simply rub the oil in circular motions all over your face and neck, giving yourself a gentle massage as you go.
When you’re done, cleanse gain with your favorite gentle face wash to ensure all the residue is rinsed away.


7. Create a DIY face mask:
Apply to a clean face, leave on for at least 15 minutes, and relax!
If you prefer to look for store-bought masks containing coconut oil for your skin, check out the Yes to Coconut Ultra Hydrating Paper Mask, which incorporates several plant extracts, including coconut oil, to nourish the skin.


8. Remove eye makeup:
Yes, coconut oil even works on waterproof mascara!
Put a little on a cotton ball and gently sweep it over your eyes, paying attention to your under-eyes as well.
Coconut Oil does a great job breaking down waxy, inky eye makeup, and leaves the delicate area hydrated, too.
Once you’re done, wash your face as usual.


9. Dab on as eye cream.
While there are plenty of hydrating eye creams on the market, coconut oil works in a pinch.
If you’re dealing with dry under-eyes—whether Coconut Oil be from colder weather, dehydration, or simply getting older—using a moisturizing eye cream can completely rejuvenate your complexion.

Simply dab on a light layer of coconut oil (use your ring finger to avoid tugging or applying too much pressure) to dry under-eyes to hydrate and protect the skin.
Coconut Oil’s best to do this before bed, as it may slide around underneath makeup.


10. Make a DIY lip scrub:
Tons of commercial lip scrubs include coconut oil—but you can easily make your own using coconut oil, brown sugar, and honey for a super moisturizing (and delicious) DIY version.
Simply play around with the measurements of each ingredient until you find a consistency you like.
Gently use as an exfoliating treatment (wash off as you cleanse or use a damp cloth to remove) before bed to wake up with softer, plumper lips come morning.


11. Make a DIY lip balm:
Add 2 tablespoons of coconut oil, 2 tablespoons of cocoa butter, and 2 tablespoons of grated beeswax or beeswax pellets to a heat-resistant measuring cup.
Pour 2 inches of water into a small pot, then add the measuring cup so only the bottom is submerged.
Heat water on low to medium heat until ingredients melt, stirring occasionally.

Remove from heat and carefully pour mixture into lip balm containers.
Add 2 drops cinnamon essential oil per container and stir; cover immediately.
Refrigerate and cool, then share with your friends!


12. Make a DIY lip gloss:
Fend off chapped, flaky lips or even add a pop of color to your pout with a homemade tinted gloss made from coconut oil.
To make it, simply mix bits of an old lipstick with some coconut oil.


13. Freshen your breath:
Remember oil pulling?
Turns out, swishing coconut oil (or any organic vegetable cooking oil) around in your mouth may actually pull disease-causing bacteria out of your mouth, per a review of research published in the Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine.

Pulling generates antioxidants which damage the cell wall of microorganisms and kill them.
Just swirl it around your mouth for 10 to 20 minutes before breakfast until it turns a milky white color, then spit it out into the trash (not your sink, as this can clog the pipes) and rinse with water.
Just note that oil pulling shouldn’t replace your daily dental hygiene routine—brushing and flossing are still a must.


14. Highlight your cheeks:
Nothing perks up a tired face like a little highlighter.
Simply sweep a small amount of organic coconut oil on top of makeup and leave it alone.
It looks like your skin but glowier, which is why many natural makeup brands use it as a base ingredient in their formulas.


COCONUT OIL FOR SKIN AND BODY:
15. Hydrate dry hands:
Coconut oil can work wonders on dry, itchy skin.
I keep a jar of organic extra virgin coconut oil by the kitchen sink and put a little on after washing my hands to keep them soft and moist.

(This won’t work on the go, so make sure you keep one of these hand creams for dry skin in your bag, too.)
And if you cook with coconut oil—you can sub it for butter in baking recipes because it’s solid at room temperature—scoop out a little extra for your hands, too.


16. Shave your legs:
Conventional shaving cream is an expensive cocktail of chemicals that you don’t really need to get a nice clean shave on your legs or underarms.
Coconut oil, on the other hand, is inexpensive, naturally antimicrobial, and smells divine.
Plus, its skin-soothing properties will leave your legs looking hydrated (but never greasy).


17. Use in place of lotion:
“Coconut oil is a commonly used as a hydrating oil in its raw form or as an ingredient in moisturizers.
Simply use it as your go-to moisturizer if you’re looking for an affordable option that not only smells amazing, but also leaves your skin feeling nourished and smooth.
If you love testing out new skin care, you can also try a body lotion that contains coconut oil to mix things up every so often.


18. Slather on as a massage oil.
Many store-bought massage oils have either coconut or jojoba oil as their base.
Cut out the middleman and go straight to the bottle. It’s slippery, skin-friendly, and moisturizing.


19. Create a luscious body scrub.
Make a body scrub yourself with ingredients you already have in your kitchen.


20. Nourish dry cuticles:
Massaging coconut oil into your cuticles and the skin around your nails can bring some much-needed moisture to an often overlooked part of the body.
The benefit?
You’ll fend off cracked skin, hydrate brittle nails, and prevent hang nails.


21. Relieve psoriasis:
Coconut oil is a safe natural remedy to try if you suffer from psoriasis, an autoimmune disease that causes skin cells to build up.
Aside from making a hot bath even more luxurious, adding a couple of tablespoons of coconut oil to the tub can relieve itchy, scaly skin.


22. Treat your feet:
Athlete’s foot is a common fungal infection that’s triggered by sweaty feet.
Coconut oil may help soothe the infection and flaking skin.
After you apply athlete’s foot treatment, top it with a layer of organic coconut oil and cover with cotton socks.
This works wonders for cracked heels, too.


23. Soothe eczema:
Coconut oil can also be used as a natural treatment option for those with eczema, a cluster of skin issues that lead to red, itchy, swollen patches of skin.
One small study found that eczema patients (specifically those suffering from atopic dermatitis) who applied virgin coconut oil to the skin twice a day experienced a reduction in staph bacteria on the skin, dryness, abrasions, redness, and thickening of the skin due to scratching.
Apply a light layer of virgin coconut oil to the affected area twice a day to help soothe eczema.


24. Apply as natural lubricant during sex:
Pure 100% coconut oil makes a great natural lubricant, since it’s super slippery.
A little goes a long way—and overdoing it can get messy.


25. Mend your dog’s paws:
Ok, this one’s a beauty trick for your dog, but even our furry friends need a little pampering sometimes!
If your pup loves hiking and other outdoor activities, his paws can become cracked and raw from all the stress.
Rub a little coconut oil on your dog’s paws—it’ll function as both an antiseptic and moisturizer to help him heal.
While topically applying coconut oil should be safe on most dogs, check in with your vet before you give it a try, especially if your pup has a health condition.



POSSIBLE BENEFITS OF COCONUT OIL:
Supporters claim coconut oil provides various health benefits.

*Increasing good cholesterol:
There are two types of cholesterol:
high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or bad cholesterol.
HDL appears to help reduce levels of LDL, and high levels of HDL may help boost cardiovascular health.
Some researchershave argued that medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), a component in coconut oil, may help boost levels of good cholesterol.
Participants took 1 tablespoon of coconut oil twice daily for 8 weeks.


*Controlling blood sugar:
The review also listed the specific beneficial health effects of MCT oil, not coconut oil, in 29 studies.


*Reducing stress:
Virgin coconut oil may have antioxidant properties.
In a rodent study, it appeared to reduce stress resulting from exercise and chronic cold.
Researchers believe that virgin coconut oil could be useful in treating some kinds of depression.


*Shiny hair:
Some people apply coconut oil to their hair to increase shine and protect it from damage.
Coconut oil may penetrate the scalp better than mineral oils.
However, one study of people with similar hair types found no difference in hair condition between those who used coconut oil and those who did not.


*Healthy skin:
Applying a coconut extract to human skin may enhance its protective barrier functions and have an anti-inflammatory effect, says a 2017 study.


*Fighting candida:
In an in vitro study, coconut oil was active against Candida albicans (C. albicans), suggesting it could be a treatment for candida.
This may be due to the extract’s barrier functions and anti-inflammatory properties.
However, this is not the same as consuming regular coconut oil since it is not fermented.


*Reducing asthma symptoms:
Inhaling coconut oil has helped reduce asthma symptoms in rabbits.


*Improving satiety:
Some people have argued that coconut oil leaves people feeling fuller after eating, which means they will not eat so much.
However, one study compared MCT oil to coconut oil and confirmed that MCT oil exerts effects on satiety, not coconut oil.


*Dental health:
A 2017 review discusses the importance of oil pulling for dental health.
Oil pulling is a traditional oral treatment.
It involves swishing an oil around the oral cavity, in a similar way to the modern mouthwash.
Studies have found coconut oil pulling to protect against cavities, improve gingivitis, and influence the oral bacterial balance.


*Weight loss:
All high fat foods and oils are high in calories.
One tablespoon of coconut oil, weighing 13.6 grams (g) contains 121 calories, which is more than lard and butter and slightly less than sunflower oil.
Adding more high fat, calorie dense foods to a diet that contains carbohydrates and plenty of calories may not result in weight loss.


In recent years, the popularity of coconut and particularly coconut oil has soared because of touted health benefits.
Fueling the coconut oil trend, celebrity endorsements have claimed the ingredient to help blast away belly fat, curb appetite, strengthen the immune system, prevent heart disease, and stave off dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

A survey found that 72% of Americans rated coconut oil as “healthy,” though only 37% of nutrition experts agreed.
Coconut oil is popular in several trending diets including ketogenic and Paleo diets.
As consumer demand for plant-based foods increases, coconut oil has become a popular fat choice for its rich flavor with a mild coconut aroma.




NUTRITION FACTS OF COCONUT OIL:
Nutrition Facts
To understand its nutritional impact, it’s important to understand the few types of coconut oil that are available on the market:


*Virgin coconut oil:
Virgin coconut oil is the least refined and most beneficial.
It’s made with copra, or dried coconut meat, that’s removed from the shell and pressed to extract the natural oils.
Coconut oil typically has a great nutty and sweet flavor.

Within this category, you’ll see Coconut oil that’s been produced using a “wet-milling” method, which means that it’s extracted from fresh coconut meat, and oil that’s been produced with a dry method, as dried copra is used instead.
Sometimes you’ll see “extra-virgin coconut oil,” but there really is not difference between virgin and extra-virgin when it comes to coconut oil, so either option is a great choice.


*Refined coconut oil:
Refined coconut oil has gone through a refining process that involves bleaching and deodorizing the oil.
Unlike virgin coconut oil, refined oils don’t have a noticeable coconut taste or aroma.
They are not recommended because many of them are made with high temperatures and harsh chemicals, both of which can destroy the oil’s beneficial antioxidants.

Those types differentiated, thousands of studies have been conducted to uncover the secrets of this amazing superfood: namely healthy fats called medium-chain fatty acids.
These unique fats include:
*Caprylic acid
*Lauric acid
*Capric acid

Around 62 percent of the oils in coconut are made up of these three healthy fatty acids, and 91 percent of the fat in coconut oil is healthy saturated fat.
This fat composition makes it one of the most beneficial fats on the planet.

Most of the fats we consume take longer to digest, but MCFAs found in coconut oil provide the perfect source of energy because they only have to go through a three-step process to be turned into fuel, as opposed to other fats that have to go through a 26-step process!

Unlike long-chain fatty acids found in plant-based oils, MCFAs are:
*Easier to digest
*Not readily stored as fat
*Antimicrobial and antifungal
*Smaller in size, allowing easier cell permeability for immediate energy
*Processed by the liver, which means that they’re immediately converted to energy instead of being stored as fat

One tablespoon of coconut oil contains about 120 calories, 14 grams of fat, no fiber, no cholesterol and only trace amounts of vitamins and minerals.
All things considered, the MCFAs present in coconut copra make it a true superfood, and it’s why coconut oil health benefits are so plentiful and amazing.
Experience the multiple of benefits that our extra virgin coconut oil offers for your skin and hair.

Coconut oil's rich moisturizing properties deeply hydrate and nourish, leaving your skin feeling soft, looking healthy and radiant.
Coconut oil can also help strengthen and condition your hair promoting healthy growth, adding a natural shine and keep the scalp moisturized.

In the kitchen our extra virgin coconut oil is a culinary delight with its delicate tropical aroma, smooth and creamy texture it adds a delicious flavor to your favorite dishes, Whether you're sautéing vegetables, baking treats, or blending into smoothies, our coconut oil is a versatile and healthy alternative to traditional cooking oils.

Extra virgin coconut oil is packed with essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, making it a powerhouse of natural greatness.
Coconut oil supports a healthy immune system, aids in digestion and can even boost your metabolism.
Coconut oil is also known for its antimicrobial properties helping to protect against harmful bacteria and promotes a overall well-being.



COCONUT OIL BENEFITS:
According to medical research, the health benefits of coconut oil include the following:

1. Helps Treat Alzheimer’s Disease:
The digestion of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) by the liver creates ketones that are readily accessible by the brain for energy.
Ketones supply energy to the brain without the need for insulin to process glucose into energy.

Research has shown that the brain actually creates its own insulin to process glucose and power brain cells.
Studies also suggest that as the brain of an Alzheimer’s patient loses the ability to create its own insulin, the ketones from coconut oil could create an alternate source of energy to help repair brain function.

A 2020 review highlights the role of medium chain triglycerides (such as MCT oil) in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease because of their neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.


2. Aids in Prevention of Heart Disease and High Blood Pressure:
Coconut oil is high in natural saturated fats.
Saturated fats not only increase the healthy cholesterol (known as HDL cholesterol) in your body, but also help convert the LDL “bad” cholesterol into good cholesterols.

A randomized crossover trial published in Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that daily consumption of two tablespoons of virgin coconut oil in young, healthy adults significantly increased HDL cholesterol.
Plus, no major safety issues of taking virgin coconut oil daily for eight weeks were reported.

Another more recent study, published in 2020, had the same results and concluded that coconut oil consumption results in significantly higher HDL cholesterol than nontropical vegetable oils.
By increasing the HDL in the body, Coconut oil helps promote heart health and lower the risk of heart disease.


3. Treats UTI and Kidney Infection and Protects the Liver:
Coconut oil has been known to clear up and improve UTI symptoms and kidney infections.
The MCFAs in Coconut oil work as a natural antibiotic by disrupting the lipid coating on bacteria and killing them.

Research also shows that coconut oil directly protects the liver from damage.
Coconut water also helps hydrate and support the healing process. Doctors have even injected coconut water to clear up kidney stones.
Coconut is a powerful superfood, which is evident given all of these tremendous coconut oil health benefits.


4. Reduces Inflammation and Arthritis:
In another recent study, coconut oil that was harvested with only medium heat was found to suppress inflammatory cells.
Coconut oil worked as both an analgesic and anti-inflammatory.


5. Cancer Prevention and Treatment:
Coconut oil has two qualities that help it fight cancer, including the ketones produced in the oil.
Tumor cells are not able to access the energy in ketones and are glucose-dependent.

The second quality is the medium-chained fatty acid content in coconut oil.
As the MCFAs digest the lipid walls of bacteria, they also can kill the helicobacter pylori bacteria that is known to increase the risk of stomach cancer.
Plus, research shows that lauric acid found in coconut oil may have anticancer actions by triggering anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects.


6. Immune System Boost (Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral):
Coconut oil’s lauric acid (monolaurin), which has been shown to reduce candida, fight bacteria and create a hostile environment for viruses.
Many diseases today are caused by the overgrowth of bad bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites in the body.
A 2020 review indicates that it has antimicrobial activity and helps activate the anti-inflammatory nature of the immune response in the human body.

You can replace grains and sugar in your diet with coconut oil as your natural fuel source when you’re sick.
Sugar feeds the growth of bad bacteria.
Instead, take one tablespoon of coconut oil three times daily when sick, and consume plenty of vegetables and bone broth as well.


7. Supports Memory and Brain Function:
In a 2004 study published in the Journal of Neurobiology of Aging, researchers found that the MCFAs in coconut oil improved the memory problems in older subjects.
Across all the patients there was a marked improvement in their recall ability after taking this fatty acid.
The MCFAs are absorbed easily in the body and can be accessed in the brain without the use of insulin.
Thus, they are able to fuel brain cells more efficiently.


8. Improves Energy and Endurance:
Coconut oil is easy to digest.
Coconut oil also produces a longer sustained energy and increases your metabolism.

Studies indicate that when taking a quality unrefined coconut oil, you can get the most coconut oil benefits as its MCFAs are sent directly to the liver to be converted into energy.
Today, many triathletes use coconut oil as their source of fuel during training and races for long-distance events.

You can make a homemade energy fuel by mixing coconut oil, raw honey and chia seeds together.
Simply put together one tablespoon of each, and consume 30 minutes prior to exercise.


9. Aids Digestion and Reduces Stomach Ulcers and Ulcerative Colitis:
Coconut also improves digestion as it helps the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins, calcium and magnesium.
If coconut oil is taken at the same time as omega-3 fatty acids, it can make them twice as effective, as they are readily available to be digested and used by the body.

Research suggests that coconut oil can help improve bacteria and gut health by destroying bad bacteria and candida.
Candida imbalance, in particular, can decrease stomach acid, which causes inflammation and poor digestion.
All this together means coconut oil benefits digestive health and helps treat or prevent stomach ulcers and ulcerative colitis.


10. May Help Reduce Symptoms of Gallbladder Disease and Pancreatitis:
Additionally, this superfood is so easy to digest that Coconut oil has been known to improve the symptoms of gallbladder disease as well.
Replace other long-chain fats with coconut oil to improve gallbladder and total body health.


11. Can Improve Skin Issues (Burns, Eczema, Dandruff, Dermatitis and Psoriasis)
Coconut oil is wonderful as a face cleanser, moisturizer and sun screen, but it can also treat many skin disorders.
The fatty acids (caprylic and lauric) in coconut oil reduce inflammation internally and externally and moisturize, making them a great solution for all types of skin conditions.

Coconut oil protects the skin and has many antioxidants that make it ideal for healing the skin.
In addition, the antimicrobial properties balance out the candida or fungal sources that can cause many skin conditions.


12. Helps Prevent Gum Disease and Tooth Decay:
Oil pulling with coconut oil has been used for centuries as a way to cleanse the mouth of bacteria and help heal periodontal disease.
Plus, research shows that in addition to offering several oral perks, oil pulling with coconut oil also has a beneficial effect on overall health.
Coconut oil is one of the most effective oils for oil pulling due to its high concentration of antibacterial MCFAs.

By swishing Coconut oil in your mouth, it denatures the bacteria and sticks to it.
Removing oral bacteria greatly reduces your risk of periodontal disease.
If you want to heal your gums and repair your teeth, try oil pulling three times a week for 20 minutes a day.


13. Support Bone Health:
Oxidative stress and free radicals are the two biggest culprits of osteoporosis.
Since coconut oil has such high levels of antioxidants, which help fight free radicals, it is a leading natural treatment for osteoporosis.
Coconut oil increases calcium absorption in the gut.
Research on osteoporosis has found that coconut oil not only increases bone volume and structure in subjects, but also decreased bone loss due to osteoporosis.


14. Helps with Type 2 Diabetes:
When cells refuse to respond to insulin and no longer take in glucose for energy, they’re considered insulin-resistant.
The pancreas then pumps out more insulin to compensate and creates an overproduction cycle.
Insulin resistance is the precursor to type 2 diabetes.

Studies suggest that the MCFAs in coconut oil help balance the insulin reactions in the cells and promote healthy digestive process.
They take the strain off the pancreas and give the body a consistent energy source that is not dependent on glucose reactions, which can prevent insulin resistance and type II diabetes.


15. Coconut Oil for Weight loss:
Because of the energy-creating abilities of coconut oil and the fact it’s a no-carb oil, it is no wonder that it is beneficial for losing weight.
Coconut oil helps burn fat and calories, decrease appetite, and in studies it has been especially helpful in losing belly fat.

Coconut’s ability to help you shed fat has been well-established.
It might seem counterintuitive to assume that eating coconut oil (a fat) will contribute to fat loss, but it is actually quite logical.
The key to understanding this phenomenon lays in the multidimensional ability of the MCFAs to control a variety of physiological processes.

For example, in the 1985 study mentioned above, it was discovered that capric acid shows significant improvements in thyroid function, helps lower resting heart rate and assists your body in burning fat for energy.

More recently, the Obesity Research Journal published a study from Boston University Medical School that gives us a clue why MCFAs have fat-burning ability.
Researchers observed that fat breakdown occurred at such a significant level that it literally mimicked the characteristics of fasting.

Fasting, in this sense, is not to be regarded as negative, but positive in that the body uses its energy reserves most effectively and speeds up the breakdown of needless fat reserves.


16. Building Muscle and Losing Body Fat:
Research suggests that MCFAs aren’t just good for burning fat and decreasing metabolic syndrome — they are also great for building muscle.
The vast majority of heavily produced supplements, however, use processed forms of MCFAs.
By eating actual coconuts instead, you get the “real deal,” so try adding a half-tablespoons of the oil to a homemade protein smoothie.


17. Coconut Oil Benefits for Hair Care:
If you have dandruff or dry hair, coconut oil has the perfect fatty acids to help improve these conditions.
In fact, there is so much coconut oil can do for hair.
You can make homemade coconut lavender shampoo to improve your hair and use straight coconut oil as an all-natural hair conditioner.

To get rid of dandruff and thicken hair, massage one tablespoon of coconut oil mixed with 10 drops of rosemary essential oil into your scalp for three minutes.
Then shower 30 minutes later.


18. Candida and Yeast Infections:
A study published in the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy found the capric acid and lauric acid in coconut oil made for an effective natural treatment for candida albicans and yeast infections.
To effectively kill candida and treat yeast infections, remove processed sugar and refined grains from your diet, and consume plenty of healthy fats.
Take one tablespoon of coconut oil three times daily as a supplement.


19. Coconut Oil for Anti-Aging:
Research published in the medical journal Food and Function found that coconut oil improves antioxidant levels and can slow aging.
Coconut oil works by reducing stress on the liver and lowering oxidative stress.

Also, researchers found that coconut oil may support detoxification because of how it works with the liver.
To naturally slow aging, take one tablespoon of coconut oil with antioxidant-rich berries for breakfast.
You can also apply Coconut oil directly to skin for additional health benefits and smoothing.


20. Coconut Oil for Hormone Balance:
The health benefits of coconut oil include hormone balance as well.
Coconut oil may help naturally balance hormones because it’s a great source of saturated fat, including lauric acid.

Studies have found that coconut oil may be an excellent fat to eat during menopause and also may have positives effects on estrogen levels.
In order to naturally balance hormones, reduce sugar and grain consumption, and load up on healthy fats from coconut, avocado, flaxseeds and ghee.
You can also consume other coconut forms, such as coconut butter or coconut water.



MANUFACTURING OF COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil can be extracted through a wet or dry process.
More simply (but perhaps less effectively), oil can be produced by heating the meat via boiling water, the sun or a slow fire.

Wet process:
The all-wet process uses coconut milk extracted from raw coconut rather than dried copra.
The proteins in the coconut milk create an emulsion of oil and water.

The more problematic step is breaking up the emulsion to recover Coconut oil.
This used to be done by prolonged boiling, but this produces a discolored oil and is not economical.
Modern techniques use centrifuges and pre-treatments including cold, heat, acids, salts, enzymes, electrolysis, shock waves, steam distillation, or some combination thereof.

Despite numerous variations and technologies, wet processing is less viable than dry processing due to a 10–15% lower yield, even taking into account the losses due to spoilage and pests with dry processing.
Wet processes also require investment in equipment and energy, incurring high capital and operating costs.



DRY PROCESS, COCONUT OIL:
Dry processing requires that the meat be extracted from the shell and dried using fire, sunlight, or kilns to create copra.
The copra is pressed or dissolved with solvents, producing the coconut oil and a high-protein, high-fiber mash.
The mash is of poor quality for human consumption and is instead fed to ruminants; there is no process to extract protein from the mash.

Proper harvesting of the coconut (the age of a coconut can be 2 to 20 months when picked) makes a significant difference in the efficacy of Coconut oil-making process.
Copra made from immature nuts is more difficult to work with and produces an inferior product with lower yields.

Conventional coconut oil processors use hexane as a solvent to extract up to 10% more oil than is produced with just rotary mills and expellers.
They then refine Coconut oil to remove certain free fatty acids to reduce susceptibility to rancidification.
Other processes to increase shelf life include using copra with a moisture content below 6%, keeping the moisture content of Coconut oil below 0.2%, heating Coconut oil to 130–150 °C (266–302 °F) and adding salt or citric acid.



VIRGIN COCONUT OIL:
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) can be produced from fresh coconut milk, meat, or residue.
Producing it from the fresh meat involves either wet-milling or drying the residue, and using a screw press to extract Coconut oil.
VCO can also be extracted from fresh meat by grating and drying it to a moisture content of 10–12%, then using a manual press to extract Coconut oil.

Producing it from coconut milk involves grating the coconut and mixing it with water, then squeezing out Coconut oil.
The milk can also be fermented for 36–48 hours, Coconut oil removed, and the cream heated to remove any remaining oil.
A third option involves using a centrifuge to separate Coconut oil from the other liquids.

Coconut oil can also be extracted from the dry residue left over from the production of coconut milk.
A thousand mature coconuts weighing approximately 1,440 kilograms (3,170 pounds) yield around 170 kg (370 lb) of copra from which around 70 litres (15 imp gal) of coconut oil can be extracted.



REFINED OIL:
Coconut oil on a wooden spoon
Refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) oil is usually made from copra and dried coconut kernels, which are pressed in a heated hydraulic press to extract the oil.
This yields practically all the oil present, amounting to more than 60% of the dry weight of the coconut.

This crude coconut oil is not suitable for consumption because it contains contaminants and must be refined with further heating and filtering.
Another method for extraction of coconut oil involves the enzymatic action of alpha-amylase, polygalacturonases, and proteases on diluted coconut paste.
Unlike virgin coconut oil, refined coconut oil has no coconut taste or aroma.
RBD oil is used for home cooking, commercial food processing, and cosmetic, industrial, and pharmaceutical purposes.



HYDROGENATION OF COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil can be processed further into partially or fully hydrogenated oil to increase its melting point.
Since virgin and RBD coconut oils melt at 24 °C (75 °F), foods containing coconut oil tend to melt in warm climates.
A higher melting point is desirable in these warm climates, so the oil is hydrogenated.

The melting point of hydrogenated coconut oil is 36–40 °C (97–104 °F).
In the process of hydrogenation, unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) are combined with hydrogen in a catalytic process to make them more saturated.

Coconut oil contains only 6% monounsaturated and 2% polyunsaturated fatty acids.
In the partial hydrogenation process, some of these are transformed into trans fatty acids.



FRACTIONATION OF COCONUT OIL:
Fractionated coconut oil provides fractions of the whole oil so that its different fatty acids can be separated for specific uses.
Lauric acid, a 12-carbon chain fatty acid, is often removed because of its high value for industrial and medical purposes.
The fractionation of coconut oil can also be used to isolate caprylic acid and capric acid, which are medium-chain triglycerides, as these are used for medical applications, special diets and cosmetics, sometimes also being used as a carrier oil for fragrances.



STANDARDS OF COCONUT OIL:
The World Health Organization's Codex Alimentarius guidelines on food, food production, and food safety, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization, includes standards for commercial partners who produce coconut oil for human consumption.
The Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC), whose 18 members produce about 90 per cent of the coconut sold commercially, has published its standards for virgin coconut oil (VCO), defining virgin coconut oil as obtained from fresh, mature coconut kernels through means that do not "lead to alteration of the oil.



PRODUCTION OF COCONUT OIL:
In 2020, world production of coconut oil was 2.61 million metric tons (2.88 million short tons), led by the Philippines and Indonesia accounting together for 60% of the world total.



COMPOSITION AND COMPARISON OF COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil contains only trace amounts of free fatty acids (about 0.03% by mass).
Most of the fatty acids are present in the form of esters.
In the following content, the expressions "fatty acids" and "acid" below refer to esters rather than carboxylic acids.



NUTRITION AND FAT COMPOSITION OF COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil is 99% fat, composed mainly of saturated fats (82% of total; table).
In a 100 gram reference amount, coconut oil supplies 890 calories. Half of the saturated fat content of coconut oil is lauric acid (41.8 grams per 100 grams of total composition), while other significant saturated fats are myristic acid (16.7 g), palmitic acid (8.6 g), and caprylic acid (6.8 g).
Monounsaturated fats are 6% of total composition, and polyunsaturated fats are 2%.
Coconut oil contains phytosterols, whereas there are no micronutrients in significant content.



IN FOOD, COCONUT OIL:
Coconut oil has a long history in Asia, particularly in tropical regions where the plant is abundant, where it has been used for cooking.
Coconut oil is the oil of choice in Sri Lankan cuisine, where it is used for sautéing and frying, in both savoury and sweet dishes.
Coconut oil also plays a prominent role in the cuisines of Thailand and Kerala.

As an oil relatively recently introduced to Western countries, coconut oil is commonly used in baked goods, pastries, and sautés, having a nut-like quality with some sweetness.
Coconut oil is sometimes used by movie theatre chains to pop popcorn.

Other culinary uses include replacing solid fats produced through hydrogenation in baked and confectionery goods.
Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated coconut oil is often used in non-dairy creamers and snack foods.
In frying, the smoke point of coconut oil is 177 °C (351 °F).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of COCONUT OIL:
Appearance Form: solid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 23 - 27 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range:
No data available
Flash point: > 113 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 0,903 g/cm³
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of COCONUT OIL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of COCONUT OIL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of COCONUT OIL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of COCONUT OIL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of COCONUT OIL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Store at room temperature



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of COCONUT OIL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Copra oil
Coconut fat
Coconut oilfrom Cocos nucifera

Nom INCI : COCO-SULTAINE Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

ammonium, (coconut oil alkyl)trimethyl-, methyl sulfate; quaternary ammonium compounds, coco alkyl trimethyl, methyl sulfates cas no: 68002-60-8

Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is a small perennial native to Asia.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is especially abundant in the Shanxi and Szechuan provinces of China.


CAS Number: 84775-78-0
EC Number: 283-513-0
Name of the plant: Bellflower
Used plant parts: Roots
Origin: plant



SYNONYMS:
Bastard Ginseng, Bellflower, Bonnet Bellflower, Campanule à Bonnet, Chuan Dang, Codonopsis Modestae, Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis Pilosula Modesta, Codonopsis tangshen, Codonopsis tubulosa, Dangshen, Dong Seng, Ginseng Bâtard, Ginseng du Pauvre, Racine de Campanule à Bonnet, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Codonopsis pilosula Extract, Codonopsis Root Extract, Codonopsis Root Powder, Codonopsis pilosula, Dang Shen, Eastern Codonopsis, Codonopsis Lanceolata, Codonopsis pilosula Root, Codonopsis Extract



Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has been recognized for its ability to strengthen the spleen and lungs, nourish the blood, generate fluids, and supplement human diet.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has been listed in the catalog of medicinal food, and its market demand has shown a rising trend in 2018.


Codonopsis is the fresh or dried root of the plant Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is a small perennial native to Asia.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is especially abundant in the Shanxi and Szechuan provinces of China.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract grows to a height of about 5 ft (1.5 m) in dense brushy thickets and at the edges of woods where the soil remains moist.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is well known in Chinese herbalism.
Its Chinese name is tang shen.


The plant is also cultivated in many other parts of the world, including the United States, because of its distinctive bell-shaped greenish-purple flowers.
Other names for Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract include bastard ginseng and bonnet bellflower.
Like ginseng, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is an adaptogen.


Adaptogens are substances that non-specifically enhance and regulate the body's ability to withstand stress .
They increase the body's general performance in ways that help the whole body resist disease.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is thought to benefit the entire body by boosting strength, increasing stamina and alertness, rejuvenating the body, strengthening the immune system, aiding recovery from chronic illness, reducing stress, and stimulating the appetite.


It belongs to a class of herbs called stomachics, which means that they tonify the stomach to improve digestive functions.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is sometimes called the "poor man's ginseng."
Type of preparation: Extract (solvent extract)


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, belonging to the Campanulaceae family, is a plant native to the forests of Korea and China.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is also known by the name of Dang shen or ginseng of the poor due to its energizing power which makes it a valid alternative to ginseng.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is widely sought-after in China as a substitute for the more expensive ginseng.
Continuous cropping of Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract supports a vibrant health-supplement industry but requires significant inputs of fertilizers which increase production costs and degrade the environment.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, also known as Dangshen, is the dry root of the flowering plant radix codonopsis pilosula in the platycodon family.
So far, more than 230 compounds have been isolated and identified from Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, including alkaloids, alkynes, terpenoids, flavonoids, lignin, steroids and sugars.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has a long history used for replenishing vital energy in China,acting on the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system and so on.
Studies have found that Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract offers various benefits such as protecting nerves, protecting the liver, fighting tumor, oxidation and inflammation and anti-stress.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has similar benefits as Ginseng, also referred to as the poorman/s ginseng because of their various benefits.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is one of the most famous and widely used Chinese tonic herbs.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is very mild and without any side effects, yet it is a superb and potent Qi tonic.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract invigorates the Spleen and Lung functions so that Qi is replenished, and it promotes the production of body fluids. Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is also an excellent blood tonic and a major immune system tonic.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is extremely effective at boosting vitality and relieving a sense of general fatigue. Many women use it to build blood.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is an excellent herb for children.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is very mild yet it has powerful strengthening effects, especially on the digestive, respiratory and immune systems.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is rich in polysaccharides that are beneficial to everyone.


These immune boosting polysaccharides have been shown to be useful in supporting the immune systems of older people as well.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is believed to have an action similar to that of Ginseng, but gentler.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, also known as Dangshen (Chinese: 党参; pinyin: Dǎngshēn), is a perennial species of flowering plant in the bellflower family.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is native to Asia, where it grows in forests, meadows, and scrub.
Codonopsis is a family of plants used in China and Korea to replenish vital energy, or qi.
It's sometimes used as a cheaper alternative to Panax ginseng.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract contains chemicals that seem to slow down the growth of cancer cells.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract also seems to affect the immune system.
People use Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract for HIV/AIDS, cancer, obesity, diabetes, heartburn, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is sometimes called "poor man's ginseng" because it's used in commercial products as a substitute for Panax ginseng.
But none of the active chemicals in ginseng have been found in Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract.
They are not the same.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, or tang shen, has been used in China for more than 2,000 years.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is one of the best-known and most widely used herbs in Chinese medicine.
In the Chinese system of health, the yin aspects of nature, which have to do with cold, moisture, dark, and passivity, must be kept in balance with the yang aspects, which have to do with heat, dryness, light, and activity.


Ill health occurs when the energies and elements of the body are out of balance with nature or in interior disharmony.
Health is restored by taking herbs and treatments that restore this balance.
In traditional Chinese medicine, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is said to have a neutral nature and a sweet taste.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is used as a tonic for the lungs and spleen and to strengthen and nourish the blood and balance metabolic function.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is often substituted in Chinese herbal formulas for ginseng, although it has a milder action that lasts for a shorter time.
Scientists have shown that the actions of ginseng and Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, although similar, are caused by very different chemical compounds.


This type of substitution based on function rather than chemical structure, however, is considered acceptable in Chinese medicine.
In addition to the whole-body effects of Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, the herb is used for a number of other specific conditions.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract can be taken internally, in various combinations with other herbs, for anemia ; asthma ; cancer ; diarrhea ; headaches, especially tension headaches; hemorrhoids ; high blood pressure; mucus in the lungs and shortness of breath; nausea and vomiting ; neck tension; and a prolapsed (collapsed) uterus.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract can also be taken internally as a galactogogue, which means that it increases the supply of breast milk in nursing mothers.
Since ancient times, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, obtained from the drying roots of Dang Shen, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to combat tiredness and a sense of exhaustion.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is also used in modern phytotherapy, in particular to harmonize gastric activity and rebalance digestion in cases of excessive acidity or when there is a strong sense of heaviness.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract's antioxidant action is also recognized, acting at the level of free radicals.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is also used in cosmetics, in particular as an adjuvant in the presence of stretch marks.
In fact, the presence of saponins and polysaccharides in Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract helps to inhibit the inflammatory process, which is the main cause of the formation of stretch marks.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is also a good support for improving the appearance of the skin, in terms of tone and compactness.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract can also give an astringent effect on the skin.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has been used since antiquity to build strong muscles in children.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is often used in place of Ginseng in traditional formulas that actually call for Ginseng to be used as a main Qi tonic, especially when the purpose of the formula is to invigorate the Spleen and Lung functions.
This is totally acceptable in the Chinese herbal system.


In modern Chinese tonic herbalism, it is acceptable to use both Ginseng and Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract in the same formulation since they have totally different phytochemical profiles.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is an herb.


People use Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract to make medicine.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is used to treat HIV infection and to protect cancer patients against side effects of radiation treatment.


Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is also to boost the immune system; and to treat weakness, loss of appetite (anorexia), chronic diarrhea, shortness of breath, noticeable heartbeat (palpitations), asthma, cough, thirst, and diabetes.


Although Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is sometimes used as a substitute for ginseng in general tonic formulas, none of the chemicals called saponins that are responsible for some of the effects of ginseng have been found in Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract.


-Traditional uses of Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract:
The roots of Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract are used in traditional Chinese medicine.
They are carrot-shaped or cylindrical, sometimes branched, and up to 30 cm (12 in) long by 3 cm (1.2 in) wide.
They are a constituent of Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, a mixture used in herbal medicine.


-Medicinal uses of Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract:
The traditional medicinal use of Dangshen has inspired medical studies investigating Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract's capabilities to treat cardiovascular, pulmonary and digestive conditions.

Research into the effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract on gastric ulcers in rats showed a reduction in gastric acid production and severity of stress-induced ulcers.


-Uses of Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract: HIV infection.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is used protection against radiation side effects in cancer treatment.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is used brain disorders, and Loss of appetite.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is used diarrhea, Asthma, Cough, Diabetes, and Other conditions.



PREPARATIONS AND APPLICATION OF CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract can be taken in tea form, in capsules, or even cooked into food!
The most common way is to include Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract in your tea blends, as in the recipe below.



MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract, like many plants, is known by a variety of common names.
Some of these include Dang Shen, Poor Man’s Ginseng, and Bonnet Bellflower.
It is said that the name comes from the Greek “Kodon” meaning bell, and “Opsis” meaning likeness.
The flowers are bell-shaped, and are green in color with purple veins.

Native to Northeastern China, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a gentle tonic that is also building to the body and more specifically to the blood.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is an adaptogenic herb which means that it has been shown to help the body adapt to and defend against the effects of environmental stress.

Historically, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has been utilized as a gentle way to promote digestion, strengthen immunity, and to relieve symptoms of stress, illness, and fatigue.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is also a balancing herb that nourishes and tones the body without being too extreme.
For this reason, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract can be taken by those for whom Ginseng is too strong.

As a testament to its balancing nature, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has expectorant properties that can soothe mucous membranes in the respiratory tract while also simultaneously clearing excessive mucous.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract has traditionally been used for respiratory issues including shortness of breath and asthma.

Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is a demulcent root, meaning that it is moistening to mucous membranes in the body.
In this case, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract's demulcent properties lend themselves especially to respiratory issues and early motherhood.
In China, Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract is taken by nursing mothers to boost breast milk production and to increase their strength.



PROPERTIES OF CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract belongs to the following substance groups
Ingredients for skincare
Regulating cosmetics
Cosmetics Ingredients are subject to regulation. Please note, different regulations may apply to cosmetic ingredients outside the EU.



PHYTOCHEMICALS OF CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract contains the beta-carboline based compound Perlolyrine.



SUBSPECIES OF CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
There are 3 subspecies:
Codonopsis pilosula subsp. handeliana (Chinese: 闪毛党参; pinyin: shǎnmáo Dǎngshēn)
Codonopsis pilosula subsp. pilosula (Chinese: 党参; pinyin: Dǎngshēn)
Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen (Chinese: 川党参; pinyin: Chuān Dǎngshēn) - widely cultivated



FUNCTIONS OF CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
Function(s) of this ingredient in cosmetic products
SKIN CONDITIONING - MISCELLANEOUS
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract maintains the skin in good condition



BENEFITS OF CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
Nervous system protection
Regulate blood sugar and blood lipid

Regulate the immune system
Effects on the digestive system
Effect on blood circulation



HOW DOES CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRAC WORK?
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract seems to stimulate the central nervous system.
Codonopsis Pilosula Root Extract also seems to promote weight gain and increase endurance, as well as increase red and white blood cells counts and promote blood circulation.



DESCRIPTION OF CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
The plant produces twining stems up to 2 m (6.6 ft) long.
It has lateral branches with alternately arranged leaves and small branchlets with oppositely arranged leaves.
The ovate leaves are up to 7.3 cm (3 in) centimeters long and are usually coated with short hairs.

Solitary flowers occur at the branch tips.
The bell-shaped flower is about 2 cm (0.8 in) long and wide and is yellow-green with purple spots inside.
The fruit capsule is up to 2.4 cm (0.9 in) long.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
CAS Number: 84775-78-0
EC Number: 283-513-0
Appearance: Light yellow to brown powder
Odor: Characteristic
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
pH: Approximately 5.0-7.0
Density: 0.3-0.5 g/cm³
Moisture Content: <10%
Ash Content: <5%
Extract Ratio: 5:1 (varies by manufacturer)



FIRST AID MEASURES of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CODONOPSIS PILOSULA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Sodium caseinate; milk derivative

Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated; Ethoxylated cocoamines; Cocoamine, ethoxylated; PEG-n Cocamine; Polyethylene glycol (n) coconut amine; 2-Hydroxyethyl coco amine, ethoxylated; (Coconut oil alkyl)amine, ethoxylated; Polyoxyethylene (n) coconut amine CAS NO:61791-14-8

DESCRIPTION:

Colanyl Black N 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol.
Colanyl Black N 131 has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines.
Because of the excellent weathering fastness, Colanyl Black N 131 is suitable for interior and exterior use.
Colanyl Black N 131 by Heubach is a binder-free carbon black pigment.
Colanyl Black N 131 is an aqueous pigment preparation manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives.
Colanyl Black N 131 is Used in emulsion paints, aqueous wood varnishes and aqueous wood stains.
Colanyl Black N 131 is suitable for water-based decorative paints because of the excellent light and weathering fastness.


BENEFITS OF COLANYL BLACK N 131:
Colanyl Black N 131 is used for Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints
Colanyl Black N 131 is Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives
Colanyl Black N 131 Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment
Colanyl Black N 131 is Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range.

Main Fields of Application:
• Emulsion paints
Further possible Fields of Application:
• aqueous wood stains
• aqueous wood varnishes
COLANYL BLACK N 131 is highly recommended using foremulsion paint,interior and exterior wall coating,industrial paints.
COLANYL BLACK N 131 also can be used for acrylic ester,polyester module-injection,rubber emulsion,wood colorant,wood protective varnish,Ink colorant.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COLANYL BLACK N 131:
Grav. tinct. Strength [%]: 97-103
Vol. tinct. Strength [%]: 95-105
Density [g/cm3]: 1.23-1.31
Shade dH (*): +/- 0.5
Purity dC (*): +/- 0.8
Viscosity [Pa*s]: 0.3-1.3
Density [g/cm3]: 1.27
pH Value: 7.7
Pigment Content [%]: 42
Total Solid [%]: 49
Glycols [%]: 20
Water [%]: 31
APPEARANCE: BLACK PASTE
PIGMENT CONTENT: 42%
DENSITY: 1.26 g/cm3
TOTAL SOLIDS: 50%
LIGHT FASTNESS (1:1): 8
LIGHT FASTNESS (1:25): 8
WEATHER FASTNESS (1:1): 5
WEATHER FASTNESS (1:25): 5
ACID RESISTANCE: 5
ALKALI RESISTANCE: 5

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT COLANYL BLACK N 131:
FIRST AID MEASURES:
Eyes:
If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air.
Flush eyes gently with water while holding eyelids apart.
If symptoms persist or there is any visual difficulty, seek medical attention.

Skin :
First aid is not normally required.
However, it is recommended that exposed areas be cleaned by washing with soap and water.

Ingestion :
Seek medical attention.
If individual is drowsy or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth; place individual on the left side with the head down.
Contact a physician, medical facility, or poison control center for advice about whether to induce vomiting.
If possible, do not leave individual unattended.

Inhalation :
If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Keep person warm and quiet; seek immediate medical attention.
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be excluded from area of spill until clean-up has been completed.
Environmental precaution:
Prevent spreading over a wide area (e.g. by containment or oil barriers).
Do not let product enter drains.
Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.
Methods for cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust). Other information:
Comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

FIRE - FIGHTING MEASURES:
Suitable extinguishing media
Dry chemical, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water spray

Precautions for fire-fighting :
Wear full firefighting turn-out gear (full Bunker gear), and respiratory protection (SCBA).
DO NOT direct a solid stream of water or foam into hot, burning pools of liquid since this may cause frothing and increase fire intensity.
Frothing can be violent and possibly endanger any firefighter standing too close to the burning liquid.
Use water spray to cool fire exposed containers and structures until fire is out if it can be done with minimal risk.
Avoid spreading burning material with water used for cooling purposes.
NFPA Flammable and Combustible Liquids Classification
Combustible Liquid Class IIIB

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:
Personal precautions:
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be excluded from area of spill until clean-up has been completed.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent spreading over a wide area (e.g. by containment or oil barriers).
Do not let product enter drains.
Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.

Methods for cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust).

Other information:
Comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Containers of this material may be hazardous when emptied.
Since emptied containers retain product residues (vapor, liquid, and/or solid), all hazard precautions given in the data sheet must be observed.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROTECTION:
Exposure Guidelines:
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.

General advice:
These recommendations provide general guidance for handling this product.
Personal protective equipment should be selected for individual applications and should consider factors which affect exposure potential, such as handling practices, chemical concentrations and ventilation.
It is ultimately the responsibility of the employer to follow regulatory guidelines established by local authorities.

Exposure controls:
Provide sufficient mechanical (general and/or local exhaust) ventilation to maintain exposure below exposure guidelines (if applicable) or below levels that cause known, suspected or apparent adverse effects.

Eye protection:
Not required under normal conditions of use.
Wear splash-proof safety goggles if material could be misted or splashed into eyes.

Skin and body protection:
Wear resistant gloves (consult your safety equipment supplier).
Wear normal work clothing including long pants, long-sleeved shirts and foot covering to prevent direct contact of the product with the skin.
Launder clothing before reuse.
If skin irritation develops, contact your facility health and safety professional or your local safety equipment supplier to determine the proper personal protective equipment for your use.

Respiratory protection:
A NIOSH-approved air-purifying respirator with an appropriate cartridge and/or filter may be permissible under certain circumstances where airborne concentrations are expected to exceed exposure limits (if applicable) or if overexposure has otherwise been determined.
Protection provided by air-purifying respirators is limited.
Use a positive pressure, air-supplied respirator if there is any potential for uncontrolled release, exposure levels are not known or any other circumstances where an air-purifying respirator may not provide adequate protection.

DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Waste disposal methods
Dispose of in accordance with all applicable local, state and federal regulations.

Coco Dietanolamine; Coconut Oil Acid Diethanolamine Condensate; Coconut fatty acid amide of diethanolamine; Coconut diethanolamide; Cocamide DEA; coconut oil diethanolamine; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoamide; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut fatty acid amide; n,n-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) coconut oil amide; Coconut fatty acids diethanolamide; cas no: 68603-42-9

dimethyl cocamine; amines, coco alkyl dimethyl cas no : 84649-84-3

COLANYL BLUE A2R 131 Colanyl Blue A2R 131 PIGMENT BLUE 15:1 Colanyl Blue A2R 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of its good durability, it can be used for interior and exterior use after adequate weathering tests. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range Colanyl Blue A2R 131 - Pigment Blue 15:1 Colanyl Blue A2R 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and/or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of its good durability, it can be used for interior and exterior use after adequate weathering tests. Cu phthalocyanine, a-Mod. Is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents as well as on propylene glycol. Because of the moderate durability, it is suitable for interior use only. Used in emulsion paints, acrylic and polyester casting resins, synthetic resign bound renderings, aqueous wood stains and aqueous wood varnishes. Product Type Fillers / Fibers Chemical Composition Cu phthalocyanine, CAS Number 147-14-8 Colanyl Blue A2R is a blue colored copper phthalocyanine. It is a glycol-containing, binder-free pigment preparation of pourable and pumpable consistency and standardized tinctorial strength. Recommended for emulsion paints. Colanyl® Blue A2R by Clariant is also suitable in some cases for coloring acrylic and polyester casting resins, aqueous wood stains, aqueous wood varnishes and water-resistant drawing inks. Product Type Color Pigments & Dyes Chemical Composition Copper Phthalocyanine CAS Number 12239-87-1 COLANYL BLUE A2R 131 Colanyl Blue A2R 131 PIGMENT BLUE 15:1 Colanyl Blue A2R 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. Colanyl Blue A2R 131 has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of its good durability, Colanyl Blue A2R 131 can be used for interior and exterior use after adequate weathering tests. Benefits of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range Product Data of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Specifications of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Grav. tinct. Strength of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 [%] 97-103 Vol. tinct. Strength of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 [%] 95-105 Density of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 [g/cm3] 1.19-1.26 Shade of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 dH of Colanyl Blue A2R 131(*) +/- 0.5 Purity of Colanyl Blue A2R 131dC (*) +/- 0.8 Viscosity of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 [Pa*s] 0.3-1.3 Main Fields of Application of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Emulsion paints Synthetic resin bound renderings Further possible Fields of Application acrylic and polyester casting resins aqueous wood stains latices Physical Data Density [g/cm3] 1.23 pH Value 6.7 Composition of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Pigment Content [%] 47 Total Solid [%] 57 Glycols [%] 20 Water [%] 23 Fastness Data to Light to Weathering Daylight (DIN EN ISO 105-B01) [Scale 1-8] 12 month middle Europe (DIN EN ISO 105-A02) [Scale 1-5] Deep Shade 8 5 1/25 SD 8 5 (*) after adjustment of tinctorial strength Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Technical Datasheet Cu phthalocyanine, ß-Mod. Is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents as well as on propylene glycol. Because of the excellent weathering fastness, it is suitable for interior and exterior use. Used in emulsion paints, synthetic resign bound renderings, acrylic and polyester casting resins, latices and aqueous wood stains. Product Type Color Pigments & Dyes > Preparations Chemical Composition Cu phthalocyanine CAS Number 147-14-8 Colanyl Blue A2R 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and/or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of its good durability, it can be used for interior and exterior use after adequate weathering tests. CAS of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 147-14-8 Product Type of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Pigment > Color pigments dyes Applications of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Coatings > Waterbase Coatings > Industrial Industry of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Architectural COLANYL BLUE A2R 131 Aqueous, binder free pigment preparations that are based on non-ionic and/or anionic wetting and dispersing agents. Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Used In Decorative paints based on aqueous emulsion paints and plasters/renderings based on aqueous polymer dispersions. Features Binder free Typical Properties of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Color Index of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 Pigment Blue 15 Density of Colanyl Blue A2R 131 : 1.26 Solids, by weight, % 54

Cocoyl Amide Propyldimethyl Glycine; N-(3-Cocoamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt; N-(3-Cocoamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethyl betaine; 1-Propanaminium, 3-amino-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-coco acyl derivs., hydroxides, inner salts; N-Cocamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylglycine, hydroxide, inner salt; cas no: 61789-40-0

Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on non-ionic and/or anionic wetting & dispersing agents and propylene glycol.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 possesses pourable- & pumpable consistency as well as excellent light- & weathering fastness.

CAS: 147-14-8
MF: C32H16CuN8
MW: 576.07
EINECS: 205-685-1

Colanyl Blue B2G 131, is a bright, crystalline, synthetic blue pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131's brilliant blue is frequently used in paints and dyes.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is highly valued for its superior properties such as light fastness, tinting strength, covering power and resistance to the effects of alkalis and acids.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has the appearance of a blue powder, insoluble in water and most solvents.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131's good durability makes it ideal for interior and exterior use.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is suitable for manual & automatic dispensing equipment.
Possible applications include water-based decorative paints, emulsion paints, latices, and aqueous wood stains.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is also used in synthetic resign bound renderings and acrylic & polyester casting resins.

Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131, known as CuPc, has been used as an electron donor with fullerene-C60 or phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in vacuum-deposited organic photovoltaics (OPV).
Power conversion efficiency of about 1% has been achieved and improved efficiency of 4% with pentacene-doped CuPc layer.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has also been used as a hole-injection material for light-emitting diodes.

Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has been reported that a thin CuPc layer may effectively enhance the hole injection from the anode to the emissive-polymer layer, resulting in a dramatic decrease of operating voltage of the device.
Device stability was achieved by depositing a copper phthalocyanine Colanyl Blue B2G 131 hole-injection layer HIL on the ITO anode.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is a metal phthalocyanine dye that acts as a p-type semiconductor.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has a charge mobility of 10-4 cm2/Vs.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 forms a chemically stable thin film that exhibits photoconductivity and catalytic activity.

Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and/or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines.
Because of its good durability, Colanyl Blue B2G 131 can be used for interior and exterior use after adequate weathering tests.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131, also called phthalocyanine blue, phthalo blue and many other names, is a bright, crystalline, synthetic blue pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131's brilliant blue is frequently used in paints and dyes.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is highly valued for its superior properties such as light fastness, tinting strength, covering power and resistance to the effects of alkalis and acids.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has the appearance of a blue powder, insoluble in most solvents including water.

Colanyl Blue B2G 131, known as CuPc or pigment blue 15, has been used as an electron donor with fullerene-C60 or phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in vacuum-deposited organic photovoltaics (OPV).
Power conversion efficiency of about 1% has been achieved and improved efficiency of 4% with pentacene-doped CuPc layer.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has also been used as a hole-injection material for light-emitting diodes.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has been reported that a thin CuPc layer may effectively enhance the hole injection from the anode to the emissive-polymer layer, resulting in a dramatic decrease of operating voltage of the device.
Device stability was achieved by depositing a copper phthalocyanine CuPc hole-injection layer HIL on the ITO anode.

The improved stability of the device could be contributed to the good match of its highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level to the work function of ITO, and the improved wetting property of organic materials on ITO.
Moreover, Colanyl Blue B2G 131 has very weak absorption of light, with wavelengths from 400 to 500 nm, making it suitable for use in blue and green OLEDs.
Effective electron-blocking was also observed for inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells when Colanyl Blue B2G 131-doped Spiro-OMeTAD was used as the hole-transporting layer.

History
The discovery of metal phthalocyanines can be traced to the observation of intensely colored byproducts from reactions of phthalic acid (benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) or its derivatives with sources of nitrogen and metals.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 was first prepared in 1927 by the reaction of copper(I) cyanide and o-dibromobenzene, which mainly produces colorless phthalonitrile as well as an intensely blue by-product.
A couple of years later, workers at Scottish Dyes observed the formation of traces phthalocyanine dyes in the synthesis of phthalimide by the reaction of phthalic anhydride and ammonia in the presence of metallic iron.
In 1937, DuPont started producing copper phthalocyanine blue in the USA under the trade name Monastral Blue after Colanyl Blue B2G 131 had been previously launched in Great Britain (ICI) and Germany in 1935.

Difficulty was experienced in forming stable dispersions with the first alpha forms, especially in mixtures with rutile titanium, where the blue pigment tended to flocculate.
The beta form was more stable, as was the improved stabilized alpha form.
Today, there are even more isomeric forms available.

Colanyl Blue B2G 131 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 600°C (dec.)
Density: 1.62[at 20℃]
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Colour Index: 74160
Form: Fine Crystalline Powder
Color: Dark blue
Water Solubility: λmax: 602nm(CHCl3)(lit.)
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions
Merck: 14,2520
BRN: 4121848
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 1 mg/m3
InChIKey: XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1 at 23℃
NIST Chemistry Reference: Colanyl Blue B2G 131 (147-14-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Colanyl Blue B2G 131 (147-14-8)
Absorption: λmax 678 nm (DMF)

Uses
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 are involved in the study of photosensitizer chemistry for uniform polymerization, luminescence chemistry and spectrophotometric analysis, organic synthesis and polymerization.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is used in enamels, linoleum, inks, plastics, and rubber goods.
Photoisomerizable phthalocyanines are used in rewritable CD or DVD printing.
Other applications in organic solar cells, biosensitizers and display devices such as OLED, OTFT, Wearable Display, and e-paper.
Colanyl Blue B2G 131, known as CuPc, has been used as an electron donor with fullerene-C60 or phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in vacuum-deposited organic photovoltaics (OPV).

Synonyms
Copper phthalocyanine
Aqualine Blue
Fastolux Blue
Bermuda Blue
Cyanine Blue BB
Bahama Blue BC
Blue GLA
Irgaplast Blue RBP
Cromophtal Blue 4G
Accosperse Cyan Blue GT
Cyanine Blue BF
Cyanine Blue C
Cyanine Blue HB
Lumatex Blue B
Bahama Blue WD
Cyanine Blue Rnf
Monastral Blue B
Bahama Blue BNC
Copper tetrabenzoporphyrazine
Graphtol Blue BL
Helio Blue B
Indolen Blue 3G
Blue Toner GTNF
Ceres Blue BHR
Cyan Blue GT
Cyanine Blue LBG
Calcotone Blue GP
Chromatex Blue BN
Cyan Blue GTNF
Copper phthalocyanin
Congo blue B 4
Cromophtal Blue GF
Cyanine Blue GNPS
Copper-phthalocyanine
Helio Fast Blue B
Hostaperm Blue AFN
Arlocyanine Blue PS
Irgalite Blue LGLD
Euvinyl Blue 702
Cromophtal Blue 4GN
Cyan Peacock Blue G
Fenalac Blue B Disp
Fastolux Peacock Blue
Copper(II) phthalocyanine
Duratint Blue 1001
Lutetia Fast Cyanine B
Bahama Blue Lake NCNF
Dainichi Cyanine Blue B
NSC43628
NSC 43628
Copper(2+) phthalocyanine
Copper (II) phthalocyanine
Cyan Blue BNC 55-3745
Copper phthalocyanine blue
26893-93-6
Cu-phthaloblue
Fastogen blue
Graphtol blue
Hostaperm blue
Irgalite blue
Linnol blue
Monarch blue
Helio fast blue
Isol fast blue
Isol phthalo blue
Monarch blue toner
Heliogen Blue IBG
Cupric phthalocyanine
CI Ingrain Blue 2
Heliogen blue (VAN)
Cromofine blue 4973
Chromofine blue 4920
UNII-3VEX9T7UT5
SCHEMBL24251
Chromophthal GF Green (VAN)
.epsilon.-Copper phthalocyanine
DTXSID8027117
Blue phthalocyanine .alpha.-form
HSDB 2925
Copper phthalocyanine,CI 74160
CHEBI:155903
Copper phthalocyanine, CI 74160
EINECS 205-685-1
NSC 15976
NSC-43628
BT 4651
AI3-26192
EC 205-685-1
Tetrabenzo-5,10,15,20-diazaporphyrinephthalocyanine
Copper, (29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32)-
[29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-kappa(4)N(29),N(30),N(31),N(32)]copper
Copper, (29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-kappaN29,kappaN30,kappaN31,kappaN32)-, (SP-4-1)-
Copper, (29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N(29),N(30),N(31),N(32))-, (SP-4-1)-
Copper, [29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N(29)-,N(30)-,N(31)-,N(32)-]-, (SP-4-1)-
Copper,[29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2(-))-N,N,N,N]-(SP-4-1)-
Copper, (29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N(sup 29),N(sup 30),N(sup 31),N(sup 32))-, (SP-4-1)-

SYNONYMS chemoxide CAW surfactant;cocamidopropylamine oxide;cocamidopropyldimethylamine oxide;coco amidopropyl amine oxide;cocoamido-3-propyldimethylamine oxide;3-cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide;N-(cocoamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, oxide;N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-(coconut oil alkyl)amidopropyl)amine oxide CAS NO:68155-09-9

Cetiol C 5; Cetiol C5; Coco-caprylate; UNII-4828G836N6 cas no: 107525-85-9

(4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-7-hydroxy-9-methoxy-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-11-carboxylic acid; Cocinic acid; .alpha.-Cocinic acid; 3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1; Coconut oil fatty acid; Edenor K 8-18 MY; Fatty acids, coco; COCONUT ACID CAS NO:61788-47-4

Amines, coco alkyl, ethoxylated CAS no.: 61791-14-8

Copra; Koline; oils,copra; Kokosnuoel; Coconut oil; oils,coconut; coconutbutter; Coconutextract; coconutpalmoil; freecoconutoil; COCOSNUCIFERAOIL; COCONUTOIL,REFINED; COCONUT OIL EDIBLE; Coconut oil,pure,refined; Coconut fat, Copra oil; COCONUT OIL, 1000MG, NEAT; Coconut oil, refined, pure; COCONUT(COCOSNIUCIFERA)OIL CAS NO:8001-31-8

ammonium, (coconut oil alkyl)trimethyl-, methyl sulfate; quaternary ammonium compounds, coco alkyl trimethyl, methyl sulfates cas no: 68002-60-8

Colanyl Black N 131 PIGMENT BLACK 7 Colanyl Black N 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of the excellent weathering fastness, it is suitable for interior and exterior use. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range

Colanyl Black PR 130 PIGMENT BLACK 7 Colanyl Black PR 130 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of the excellent weathering fastness, it is suitable for interior and exterior use. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range

Colanyl Blue A2R 131 PIGMENT BLUE 15:1 Colanyl Blue A2R 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of its good durability, it can be used for interior and exterior use after adequate weathering tests. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range

Colanyl Blue B2G 131 PIGMENT BLUE 15:3 Colanyl Blue B2G 131 is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents and propylene glycol. The product has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines. Because of its good durability, it can be used for interior and exterior use after adequate weathering tests. Benefits Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range

Colloidal silver consists of tiny silver particles in a liquid.
Colloidal silver is sometimes promoted on the internet as a dietary supplement; however, evidence supporting health-related claims is lacking.
Colloidal silver is used for wound healing, improving skin disorders, and preventing certain diseases.

CAS Number: 7440-22-4
EC Number: 231-131-3
Molecular Formula: Ag
Molecular Weight: 107.87

7440-22-4, 7761-88-8, Silver, Silver Paste DGP80 TESM8020, Silver atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g Ag, Colloidal silver ink, Silver nanowires, Silver nitrate concentrate, Silver nitrate solution, Silver standard solution, Silver, dispersion, Silverjet DGH-55HTG, Silverjet DGH-55LT-25C, Silverjet DGP-40LT-15C, Silverjet DGP-40TE-20C, SunTronic® Silver

Colloidal silver has been used in a variety of ways.
However, Colloidal silver is not approved for medical use by the FDA and should not be consumed, injected, or inhaled.
Use of colloidal silver can result in short-term and long term side effects.

Colloidal silver, also known as silver proteins or colloidal silver proteins, is a suspension of tiny silver particles in liquid.
Although silver has been used for medicinal and health purposes for thousands of years, colloidal silver has recently become popular amongst wellness enthusiasts hoping to boost their overall health.

Colloidal silver is a suspension of tiny silver particles.
Commercial products are made by mixing silver, sodium hydroxide, and gelatin.
Homemade suspensions have also been made using different ingredients and an electrical current.

Most commonly, people swallow the suspension; however, Colloidal silver has also been inhaled using a nebulizer machine, and used topically on the skin and in the eyes.
Colloidal silver has even been used as a nasal spray.

Colloidal silver is a liquid suspension of microscopic particles of silver.
Colloidal silver has been promoted for its supposed antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties.

Colloidal silver is one of the basic elements present in the earth's crust.
Colloidal silver is alloyed with many other metals to improve strength and hardness and to achieve corrosion resistance.

Colloidal silvers are one of the most commonly utilized nanomaterials due to their anti-microbial properties, high electrical conductivity, and optical properties.
Colloidal silvers (colloidal silver) have unique optical, electronic, and antibacterial properties, and are widely used in areas such as biosensing, photonics, electronics, and antimicrobial applications.
Colloidal silver is rare, but occurs naturally in the environment as a soft, “silver”-colored metal or as a white powdery compound (silver nitrate).

Metallic Colloidal silver and silver alloys are used to make jewelry, eating utensils, electronic equipment, and dental fillings.
Colloidal silvers of silver have been developed into meshes, bandages, and clothing as an antibacterial.
Colloidal silver is used in photographic materials, electric and electronic products, brazing alloys and solders, electroplated and sterling ware, as a catalyst, and in coinage.

Colloidal silvers are nanoparticles of silver, i.e. silver particles of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
The metal Colloidal silver is described as a white, lustrous solid.

In Colloidal silver is pure form it has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity and lowest contact resistance of all metals.
With the exception of gold, silver is the most malleable metal.

Colloidal silvers are nanoscale-sized particles composed of silver atoms.
Colloidal silvers, in particular, have attracted significant attention due to their distinct characteristics and potential applications.
Silver has no known functions or benefits in the body when taken by mouth, and Colloidal silver is not an essential mineral.

Colloidal silver products are often marketed as dietary supplements to take by mouth.
These products also come in forms to use on the skin.
Colloidal silver is a controversial alternative medicine.

A common form of Colloidal silver that is used to treat infections is silver nitrate.
Recent advancement in technology has introduced Colloidal silvers into the medical field.
Their small size and ability to induce cell death through multiple mechanisms makes them fantastic pharmacological candidates.

Colloidal silver is one of the earliest known metals.
Silver has no known physiologic or biologic function, though colloidal silver is widely sold in health food stores.
Colloidal silver has high thermal and electrical conductivity and resists oxidation in air that is devoid of hydrogen sulfide.

While frequently described as being 'silver' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms.
Numerous shapes of Colloidal silvers can be constructed depending on the application at hand.

Commonly used Colloidal silvers are spherical, but diamond, octagonal, and thin sheets are also common.
Colloidal silver is widely used in many consumer products due to its unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties and extraordinarily efficient at absorbing and scattering light.

Colloidal silver has a face-centered cubic crystal structure.
Colloidal silver is a white metal, softer than copper and harder than gold.

When molten, Colloidal silver is luminescent and occludes oxygen, but the oxygen is released upon solidification.
As a conductor of heat and electricity, Colloidal silver is superior to all other metals.

Colloidal silver is soluble in HNO3 containing a trace of nitrate.
Colloidal silver is soluble in hot 80% H2SO4.

Colloidal silver is insoluble in HCl or acetic acid.
Colloidal silver is tarnished by H2S, soluble sulfides and many sulfur-containing organic substances (e.g., proteins).

Colloidal silver is not affected by air or H2O at ordinary temperatures, but at 200 C, a slight film of silver oxide is formed.
Colloidal silver is not affected by alkalis, either in solution or fused.

There are two stable, naturally occurring isotopes, 107Ag and 109Ag.
In addition, there are reported to be 25 less stable isotopes, ranging in half-life from 5 seconds to 253 days.
Colloidal silver is a white lustrous metal that is extremely ductile and malleable.

Colloidal silver does not oxidize in O2 by heating.
While frequently described as being 'silver' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms.

Numerous shapes of nanoparticles can be constructed depending on the application at hand.
Commonly used Colloidal silvers are spherical, but diamond, octagonal, and thin sheets are also common.

Their extremely large surface area permits the coordination of a vast number of ligands.
The properties of Colloidal silvers applicable to human treatments are under investigation in laboratory and animal studies, assessing potential efficacy, biosafety, and biodistribution.

Most applications in biosensing and detection exploit the optical properties of Colloidal silvers, as conferred by the localized surface plasmon resonance effect.
That is, a specific wavelength (frequency) of incident light can induce collective oscillation of the surface electrons of Colloidal silvers.
The particular wavelength of the localized surface plasmon resonance is dependant on the Colloidal silver size, shape, and agglomeration state.

Colloidal silvers are the most common commercialized nano technological product on the market.
Due to its unique antibacterial properties, Colloidal silvers have been hailed as a breakthrough germ killing agent and have been incorporated into a number of consumer products such as clothing, kitchenware, toys and cosmetics.
Many consider silver to be more toxic than other metals when in nanoscale form and that these particles have a different toxicity mechanism compared to dissolved silver.

Colloidal silver can be synthesized using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent and PVP as a capping agent, in a polyol synthesis reaction (vide supra).
A typical synthesis using these reagents involves adding fresh Colloidal silver nitrate and PVP to a solution of ethylene glycol heated at 140 °C.

This procedure can actually be modified to produce another anisotropic silver nanostructure, nanowires, by just allowing the silver nitrate solution to age before using Colloidal silver in the synthesis.
By allowing the silver nitrate solution to age, the initial nanostructure formed during the synthesis is slightly different than that obtained with fresh silver nitrate, which influences the growth process, and therefore, the morphology of the final product.

Silver nanopaticles are widely incorporated into wound dressings, and are used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in medical applications and in consumer goods.
Colloidal silver becomes Ag2O3 in O3 and black Ag2S3 in S2 and H2S.

Colloidal silver is soluble in HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4.
Colloidal silver is not soluble in alkali.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have now become the topic research that many developed.
Colloidal silver materials are developed in many applications because of their unique optical characteristic.

Colloidal silver is a noble metal, extensively used in SERS, photocatalysis and solar cells.
The surface of Colloidal silver can be functionalized to attain specific properties such as biocompatibility and vapor selectivity of sensors.

Iodized Colloidal silver foils and thin films find potential use as SERS-active metal substrates.
Cu substrates laminated with Ag foils, have compatible coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), to be used for electronic packaging.

Their extremely large surface area permits the coordination of a vast number of ligands.
The properties of Colloidal silvers applicable to human treatments are under investigation in laboratory and animal studies, assessing potential efficacy, biosafety, and biodistribution.

Colloidal silvers are nanoparticles of silver in the range of 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
While frequently described as being 'Colloidal silver' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface-to-bulk silver atoms.

As studies of Colloidal silvers improve, several Colloidal silvers medical applications have been developed to help prevent the onset of infection and promote faster wound healing.
Colloidal silvers are materials with dimensions typically in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.
At this scale, materials often exhibit unique and enhanced properties compared to their bulk counterparts.

Colloidal silvers have a high surface area per unit mass and release a continuous level of silver ions into their environment.
Colloidal silvers exhibit catalytic activity, making them useful in certain chemical reactions and processes.

This property is of interest in fields such as catalysis and environmental remediation.
Colloidal silvers display unique optical properties, including the ability to interact with light in ways that depend on their size and shape.

This has led to applications in sensors, imaging, and as components in optical devices.
Due to the conductive nature of silver, nanoparticles made from silver can exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity.

This property is advantageous in applications related to electronics and sensors.
The interaction of light with the electrons in Colloidal silvers leads to a phenomenon known as surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
This optical effect is widely exploited in sensing applications.

Colloidal silvers have been investigated for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, imaging agents, and as components in diagnostic tools.
Colloidal silvers are used in the formulation of conductive inks and coatings for applications in printed electronics, flexible electronics, and RFID tags.
Colloidal silvers are incorporated into textiles and fabrics to impart antimicrobial properties, making them useful for applications such as antibacterial clothing and wound dressings.

Incorporation of silver particles into plastics, composites, and adhesives increases the electrical conductivity of the material.
Silver pastes and epoxies are widely utilized in the electronics industries.

Colloidal silver based inks are used to print flexible electronics and have the advantage that the melting point of the small Colloidal silvers in the ink is reduced by hundreds of degrees compared to bulk silver.
When scintered, these Colloidal silver based inks have excellent conductivity.

Colloidal silvers have attract increasing attention for the wide range of applications in biomedicine.
Colloidal silvers, generally smaller than 100 nm and contain 20–15,000 silver atoms, have distinct physical, chemical and biological properties compared to their bulk parent materials.

The optical, thermal, and catalytic properties of Colloidal silvers are strongly influenced by their size and shape.
Additionally, owning to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability, Colloidal silvers have also become the most widely used sterilizing nanomaterials in consuming and medical products, for instance, textiles, food storage bags, refrigerator surfaces, and personal care products.

Colloidal silvers are those having diameters of nanometer size.
With the advent of modern technology, humans can make nano-sized particles that were not present in nature.
Manufactured nanomaterials are materials with diameters of nanometer size, while nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing sectors of the hi-tech economy.

The application of nanotechnology has recently been extended to areas in medicine, biotechnology, materials and process development, energy and the environment.
Colloidal silver is the 66th most abundant element on the Earth, which means Colloidal silver is found at about0.05 ppm in the Earth’s crust.

Mining silver requires the movement of many tons of ore torecover small amounts of the metal.
Nevertheless, Colloidal silver is 10 times more abundant than gold and though silver is sometimes found as a free metal in nature, mostly Colloidal silver is mixed with theores of other metals.
When found pure, Colloidal silver is referred to as “native silver.”

Colloidal silver’s major ores areargentite (silver sulfide, Ag2S) and horn silver (silver chloride, AgCl).
Colloidal silver can also be recovered throughthe chemical treatment of a variety of ores.

Colloidal silvers have unique optical properties because they support surface plasmons.
At specific wavelengths of light the surface plasmons are driven into resonance and strongly absorb or scatter incident light.

This effect is so strong that Colloidal silver allows for individual nanoparticles as small as 20 nm in diameter to be imaged using a conventional dark field microscope.
This strong coupling of metal nanostructures with light is the basis for the new field of plasmonics.

Applications of plasmonic Colloidal silvers include biomedical labels, sensors, and detectors.
Colloidal silver is also the basis for analysis techniques such as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Surface Enhanced Fluorescent Spectroscopy.

There are many ways Colloidal silvers can be synthesized; one method is through monosaccharides.
This includes glucose, fructose, maltose, maltodextrin, etc., but not sucrose.

Colloidal silver is also a simple method to reduce silver ions back to Colloidal silvers as it usually involves a one-step process.
There have been methods that indicated that these reducing sugars are essential to the formation of Colloidal silvers.

Many studies indicated that this method of green synthesis, specifically using Cacumen platycladi extract, enabled the reduction of silver.
Additionally, the size of the Colloidal silver could be controlled depending on the concentration of the extract.

The studies indicate that the higher concentrations correlated to an increased number of Colloidal silvers.
Smaller Colloidal silvers were formed at high pH levels due to the concentration of the monosaccharides.

Another method of Colloidal silver synthesis includes the use of reducing sugars with alkali starch and silver nitrate.
The reducing sugars have free aldehyde and ketone groups, which enable them to be oxidized into gluconate.

However, most Colloidal silver isrecovered as a by-product of the refining of copper, lead, gold, and zinc ores.
Colloidal silvers have been explored for their potential in water treatment and purification due to their antimicrobial properties.

The silver ions are bioactive and have broad spectrum antimicrobial properties against a wide range of bacteria.
By controlling the size, shape, surface and agglomeration state of the nanoparticles, specific silver ion release profiles can be developed for a given application.

Colloidal silvers typically have dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers.
The size and shape of these particles can influence their physical, chemical, and optical properties.

One of the notable features of Colloidal silvers is their strong antibacterial and antimicrobial activity.
The Colloidal silver must have a free ketone group because in order to act as a reducing agent Colloidal silver first undergoes tautomerization.

When inhaled, Colloidal silvers can go deeper into the lungs reaching more sensitive areas.
The most common methods for Colloidal silver synthesis fall under the category of wet chemistry, or the nucleation of particles within a solution.

This nucleation occurs when a Colloidal silver ion complex, usually AgNO3 or AgClO4, is reduced to colloidal Ag in the presence of a reducing agent.
When the concentration increases enough, dissolved metallic Colloidal silver ions bind together to form a stable surface.

The surface is energetically unfavorable when the cluster is small, because the energy gained by decreasing the concentration of dissolved particles is not as high as the energy lost from creating a new surface.
When the cluster reaches a certain size, known as the critical radius, Colloidal silver becomes energetically favorable, and thus stable enough to continue to grow.

This nucleus then remains in the system and grows as more Colloidal silver atoms diffuse through the solution and attach to the surface.
When the dissolved concentration of atomic Colloidal silver decreases enough, it is no longer possible for enough atoms to bind together to form a stable nucleus.

The most common capping ligands are trisodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), but many others are also used in varying conditions to synthesize particles with particular sizes, shapes, and surface properties.
There are many different wet synthesis methods, including the use of reducing sugars, citrate reduction, reduction via sodium borohydride, the Colloidal silver mirror reaction, the polyol process, seed-mediated growth, and light-mediated growth.

Each of these methods, or a combination of methods, will offer differing degrees of control over the size distribution as well as distributions of geometric arrangements of the nanoparticle.
A new, very promising wet-chemical technique was found by Elsupikhe et al. (2015).

They have developed a green ultrasonically-assisted synthesis.
Under ultrasound treatment, Colloidal silvers (AgNP) are synthesized with κ-carrageenan as a natural stabilizer.
The reaction is performed at ambient temperature and produces Colloidal silvers with fcc crystal structure without impurities.

The concentration of κ-carrageenan is used to influence particle size distribution of the AgNPs.

The synthesis of Colloidal silvers by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction occurs by the following reaction:
Ag+ + BH4− + 3 H2O → Ag0 +B(OH)3 +3.5 H2

The reduced metal atoms will form nanoparticle nuclei.
Overall, this process is similar to the above reduction method using citrate.
The benefit of using sodium borohydride is increased monodispersity of the final particle population.

The reason for the increased Colloidal silver when using NaBH4 is that it is a stronger reducing agent than citrate.
The impact of reducing agent strength can be seen by inspecting a LaMer diagram which describes the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles.

When Colloidal silver nitrate (AgNO3) is reduced by a weak reducing agent like citrate, the reduction rate is lower which means that new nuclei are forming and old nuclei are growing concurrently.
This is the reason that the citrate reaction has low monodispersity.

Because NaBH4 is a much stronger reducing agent, the concentration of silver nitrate is reduced rapidly which shortens the time during which new nuclei form and grow concurrently yielding a monodispersed population of Colloidal silvers.
Particles formed by reduction must have their surfaces stabilized to prevent undesirable particle agglomeration (when multiple particles bond together), growth, or coarsening.

The driving force for these phenomena is the minimization of surface energy (nanoparticles have a large surface to volume ratio).
This tendency to reduce surface energy in the system can be counteracted by adding species which will adsorb to the surface of the nanoparticles and lowers the activity of the particle surface thus preventing particle agglomeration according to the DLVO theory and preventing growth by occupying attachment sites for metal atoms.

Chemical species that adsorb to the surface of Colloidal silvers are called ligands.

Some of these surface stabilizing species are:
NaBH4 in large amounts, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and/or dodecanethiol.
Once the particles have been formed in solution they must be separated and collected.

There are several general methods to remove nanoparticles from solution, including evaporating the solvent phase or the addition of chemicals to the solution that lower the solubility of the nanoparticles in the solution.
Both methods force the precipitation of the Colloidal silvers.

The polyol process is a particularly useful method because Colloidal silver yields a high degree of control over both the size and geometry of the resulting Colloidal silvers.
At this nucleation threshold, new Colloidal silvers stop being formed, and the remaining dissolved silver is absorbed by diffusion into the growing nanoparticles in the solution.

As the particles grow, other molecules in the solution diffuse and attach to the surface.
This process stabilizes the surface energy of the particle and blocks new Colloidal silver ions from reaching the surface.

The attachment of these capping/stabilizing agents slows and eventually stops the growth of the particle.
In addition, if the aldehydes are bound, Colloidal silver will be stuck in cyclic form and cannot act as a reducing agent.
For example, glucose has an aldehyde functional group that is able to reduce Colloidal silver cations to silver atoms and is then oxidized to gluconic acid.

The reaction for the sugars to be oxidized occurs in aqueous solutions.
The polyol process is highly sensitive to reaction conditions such as temperature, chemical environment, and concentration of substrates.

Therefore, by changing these variables, various sizes and geometries can be selected for such as quasi-spheres, pyramids, spheres, and wires.
Further study has examined the mechanism for this process as well as resulting geometries under various reaction conditions in greater detail.

Colloidal silvers can be synthesized in a variety of non-spherical (anisotropic) shapes.
Because Colloidal silver, like other noble metals, exhibits a size and shape dependent optical effect known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at the nanoscale, the ability to synthesize Ag nanoparticles in different shapes vastly increases the ability to tune their optical behavior.

For example, the wavelength at which LSPR occurs for a nanoparticle of one morphology (e.g. a sphere) will be different if that sphere is changed into a different shape.
This shape dependence allows a Colloidal silver to experience optical enhancement at a range of different wavelengths, even by keeping the size relatively constant, just by changing Colloidal silver shape.
This aspect can be exploited in synthesis to promote change in shape of nanoparticles through light interaction.

The applications of this shape-exploited expansion of optical behavior range from developing more sensitive biosensors to increasing the longevity of textiles.
Colloidal silvers have been shown to have synergistic antibacterial activity with commonly used antibiotics such as; penicillin G, ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin against E. coli and S. aureus.
Furthermore, synergistic antibacterial activity has been reported between Colloidal silvers and hydrogen peroxide causing this combination to exert significantly enhanced bactericidal effect against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.

This antibacterial synergy between Colloidal silvers and hydrogen peroxide can be possibly attributed to a Fenton-like reaction that generates highly reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals.
Colloidal silvers can prevent bacteria from growing on or adhering to the surface.

This can be especially useful in surgical settings where all surfaces in contact with the patient must be sterile.
Colloidal silvers can be incorporated on many types of surfaces including metals, plastic, and glass.

In medical equipment, Colloidal silver has been shown that Colloidal silvers lower the bacterial count on devices used compared to old techniques.
However, the problem arises when the procedure is over and a new one must be done.

In the process of washing the instruments a large portion of the Colloidal silvers become less effective due to the loss of silver ions.
They are more commonly used in skin grafts for burn victims as the Colloidal silvers embedded with the graft provide better antimicrobial activity and result in significantly less scarring of the victim.
These new applications are direct decedents of older practices that used silver nitrate to treat conditions such as skin ulcers.

Now, Colloidal silvers are used in bandages and patches to help heal certain burns and wounds.
An alternative approach is to use AgNP to sterilise biological dressings (for example, tilapia fish skin) for burn and wound management.
In this method, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is dissolved in water by sonication and mixed with silver colloid particles.

Active stirring ensures the PVP has adsorbed to the nanoparticle surface.
Centrifuging separates the PVP coated nanoparticles which are then transferred to a solution of ethanol to be centrifuged further and placed in a solution of ammonia, ethanol and Si(OEt4) (TES).
Stirring for twelve hours results in the silica shell being formed consisting of a surrounding layer of silicon oxide with an ether linkage available to add functionality.

Varying the amount of TES allows for different thicknesses of shells formed.
This technique is popular due to the ability to add a variety of functionality to the exposed silica surface.
Colloidal silver have unique physical, chemical and optical properties that are being leveraged for a wide variety of applications.

A resurgence of interest in the utility of Colloidal silver as a broad based antimicrobial agent has led to the development of hundreds of products that incorporate Colloidal silvers to prevent bacterial growth on surfaces and in clothing.
The optical properties of Colloidal silvers are of interest due to the strong coupling of the Colloidal silvers to specific wavelengths of incident light.
This gives them a tunable optical response, and can be utilized to develop ultra-bright reporter molecules, highly efficient thermal absorbers, and nanoscale “antennas” that amplify the strength of the local electromagnetic field to detect changes to the nanoparticle environment.

Colloidal silver is said to be a “key technology of the 21st century”, which is the result of its interdisciplinary nature.
Colloidal silvers are some of the most widely used nanomaterials in commerce, with numerous uses in consumer and medical products.

Workers who produce or use Colloidal silvers are potentially exposed to those materials in the workplace.
Previous authoritative assessments of occupational exposure to silver did not account for particle size.

In studies that involved human cells, Colloidal silvers were associated with toxicity (cell death and DNA damage) that varied according to the size of the particles.
In animals exposed to Colloidal silvers by inhalation or other routes of exposure, silver tissue concentrations were elevated in all organs tested.

Exposure to silver nanomaterials in animals was associated with decreased lung function, inflamed lung tissue, and histopathological (microscopic tissue) changes in the liver and kidney.
In the relatively few studies that compared the effects of exposure to nanoscale or microscale silver, nanoscale particles had greater uptake and toxicity than did microscale particles.

Colloidal silvers of different shapes and sizes are synthesized through chemical, physical, and green methods.
Obtained nanoparticles are generally utilized in the medical industry, catalytic applications, sensors, and special displays.

Colloidal silvers have been an important component of various different applications for a very long time.
Colloidal silvers are explored for their potential use in food packaging materials due to their antimicrobial properties.

They may help extend the shelf life of packaged foods by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Colloidal silvers are utilized in the fabrication of solar cells and other photovoltaic devices.

They can enhance light absorption and electron transport within the devices, contributing to improved efficiency.
In the field of medicine, Colloidal silvers are being investigated for their use in photothermal therapy.

When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they can generate heat, which may be utilized for targeted treatment of cancer cells.
Some studies suggest that Colloidal silvers may exhibit antiviral properties, making them a subject of interest in the development of antiviral drugs or materials.

Colloidal silvers can be incorporated into textile coatings to provide UV protection.
This is particularly useful in outdoor clothing and fabrics to shield against harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Colloidal silvers are employed in the production of conductive inks for printed electronics and flexible displays.
Their conductivity and compatibility with flexible substrates make them valuable in these applications.

Due to their antimicrobial properties, Colloidal silvers are explored for use in air and water purification systems.
They can help eliminate or reduce the presence of harmful microorganisms.

Colloidal silvers are incorporated into sensors for various applications, including gas sensors, biosensors, and environmental sensors.
Their unique optical and electrical properties make them suitable for sensing platforms.

Colloidal silvers may be included in certain cosmetic and personal care products for their potential antibacterial and preservative properties.
In the medical field, efforts are made to develop biocompatible Colloidal silvers for applications such as drug delivery and imaging.

These nanoparticles aim to interact safely with biological systems.
Colloidal silvers are used in the formulation of conductive inks for printed radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags.

This application is relevant in the field of logistics and inventory tracking.
The capping agent is also not present when heated.

Colloidal silvers can become airborne easily due to their size and mass.
Colloidal silver is located in group 11 (IB) of period 5, between copper (Cu) above Colloidal silver in period 4 andgold (Au) below it in period 6.

Colloidal silver products have not undergone safety studies and are not recommended by the FDA.
In addition, there have been serious adverse effects such as seizures, psychosis, neuropathy (burning pain usually in hands and feet), and even deaths reported from colloidal silver use.
Because there is no information to suggest colloidal silver is effective for the treatment of any condition, the risks of using Colloidal silver outweigh the benefits.

Colloidal silver is only slightly harder than gold.
Colloidal silver is insoluble in water, but it will dissolve in hot concentrated acids.

Freshly exposed silver has a mirror-like shine thatslowly darkens as a thin coat of tarnish forms on Colloidal silver surface (from the small amount ofnatural hydrogen sulfide in the air to form silver sulfide, AgS).
Colloidal silvers can also be produced via γ-irradiation using polysaccharide alginate as stabilizer, and photochemical reduction.

A relatively new biological method can be used to make gold Colloidal silvers by dissolving gold in sodium chloride solution, using natural chitosan without any stabilizer and reductant.
Colloidal silver’s modern chemical symbol (Ag) is derived from its Latin word argentum, which means silver.
The word “silver” is from the Anglo-Saxon world “siolfor.”

Ancients who first refined and worked with Colloidal silver used the symbol of a crescent moon to represent the metal.
Colloidal silvers can undergo coating techniques that offer a uniform functionalized surface to which substrates can be added.
When the Colloidal silver is coated, for example, in silica the surface exists as silicic acid.

Colloidal silvers can thus be added through stable ether and ester linkages that are not degraded immediately by natural metabolic enzymes.
Recent chemotherapeutic applications have designed anti cancer drugs with a photo cleavable linker, such as an ortho-nitrobenzyl bridge, attaching Colloidal silver to the substrate on the nanoparticle surface.
The low toxicity Colloidal silver complex can remain viable under metabolic attack for the time necessary to be distributed throughout the bodies systems.

If a cancerous tumor is being targeted for treatment, ultraviolet light can be introduced over the tumor region.
The electromagnetic energy of the light causes the photo responsive linker to break between the drug and the nanoparticle substrate.
The drug is now cleaved and released in an unaltered active form to act on the cancerous tumor cells.

Advantages anticipated for this method is that the drug is transported without highly toxic compounds, the drug is released without harmful radiation or relying on a specific chemical reaction to occur and the drug can be selectively released at a target tissue.
Colloidal silver is somewhat rare and is considered a commercially precious metal with many uses.
Pure Colloidal silver is too soft and usually too expensive for many commercial uses, and thus Colloidal silver isalloyed with other metals, usually copper, making it not only stronger but also less expensive.

The purity of Colloidal silver is expressed in the term “fitness,” which describes the amount of silverin the item.
Fitness is just a multiple of 10 times the Colloidal silver content in an item.
For instance,sterling Colloidal silver should be 93% (or at least 92.5%) pure silver and 7% copper or some othermetal.

The fitness rating for pure Colloidal silver is 1000.
Therefore, the rating for sterling Colloidal silver is 930,and most sliver jewelry is rated at about 800.
This is another way of saying that most Colloidal silver jewelry is about 20% copper or other less valuable metal.

Many people are fooled when they buy Mexican or German silver jewelry, thinking theyare purchasing a semiprecious metal.
These forms of “Colloidal silver” jewelry go under many names,including Mexican silver, German silver, Afghan silver, Austrian silver, Brazilian silver, Nevadasilver, Sonara silver, Tyrol silver, Venetian silver, or just the name “silver” with quotes aroundit.
None of these jewelry items, under these names or under any other names, contain anysilver.

These metals are alloys of copper, nickel, and zinc.
A transition metal that occurs native and as the sulfide (Ag2S) and chloride (AgCl).
Colloidal silver is extracted as a by-product in refining copper and lead ores.

Colloidal silver darkens in air due to the formation of silver sulfide.
Colloidal silver is used in coinage alloys, tableware, and jewelry.
Of all the metals, Colloidal silver isthe best conductor of heat and electricity.

This property determines much of Colloidal silver commercialusefulness.
Colloidal silver is melting point is 961.93°C.
Colloidal silver boiling point is 2,212°C.
Colloidal silver density is10.50 g/cm3.

The beneficial effects of Colloidal silvers are also manifested in their action against inflammation and suppression of tumor growth.
Colloidal silvers can induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in tumor cells.

The activity of Colloidal silvers in the human body can be used for imaging of living cells and tissues, both in diagnosis and research.
Colloidal silvers are also used in biosensors, can detect tumor cells, and have potential in phototherapy, where they absorb radiation, heat up and selectively eliminate selected cells.

Colloidal silvers are highly commercial due to properties such as good conductivity, chemical stability, catalytic activity, and their antimicrobial activity.
Due to their properties, they are commonly used in medical and electrical applications.

Colloidal silver compounds are used in photography symbol:
Ag
m.p. 961.93°C
b.p. 2212°C
r.d. 10.5 (20°C)
p.n. 47
r.a.m. 107.8682.

Synthetic protocols for Colloidal silver production can be modified to produce Colloidal silvers with non-spherical geometries and also to functionalize nanoparticles with different materials, such as silica.
Creating Colloidal silvers of different shapes and surface coatings allows for greater control over their size-specific properties.
There are instances in which Colloidal silvers and colloidal silver are used in consumer goods.

Samsung for example claimed that the use of Colloidal silvers in washing machines would help to sterilize clothes and water during the washing and rinsing functions, and allow clothes to be cleaned without the need for hot water.
The nanoparticles in these appliances are synthesized using electrolysis.
Through electrolysis, Colloidal silver is extracted from metal plates and then turned into Colloidal silvers by a reduction agent.

This method avoids the drying, cleaning, and re-dispersion processes, which are generally required with alternative colloidal synthesis methods.
Importantly, the electrolysis strategy also decreases the production cost of Ag nanoparticles, making these washing machines more affordable to manufacture.
Colloidal silver can form explosive salts with azidrine.

Ammonia forms explosive compounds with gold, mercury, or Silver.
Acetylene and ammonia can form explosive Silver salts in contact with Ag.
Dust may form explosive mixture with air.

Powders are incompatible with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides May react and/or form dangerous or explosive compounds, with acetylene, ammonia, halogens, hydrogen peroxide; bromoazide, concentrated or strong acids, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, chlorine trifluoride, ethyleneimine.
Factors contributing toward Colloidal silvers market growth include rise in demand for Colloidal silvers for anti-microbial applications and increase in demand from electronics sector.

Colloidal silvers are investigated in the field of tissue engineering for their potential to support cell growth and enhance the properties of scaffolds used in regenerative medicine.
In marine applications, Colloidal silvers are used in anti-fouling coatings on ship hulls.
They help prevent the accumulation of marine organisms, reducing drag and improving fuel efficiency.

Colloidal silvers are explored for their potential use in pesticide formulations.
Their antimicrobial properties could be leveraged for crop protection and pest control.
Colloidal silvers are employed in the development of electrochemical sensors for detecting various analytes.

These sensors find applications in fields such as environmental monitoring and healthcare.
Colloidal silvers can be utilized in the fabrication of sensors for detecting hydrogen peroxide.
This application is relevant in fields such as clinical diagnostics and industrial processes.

Colloidal silvers are studied for their potential application in energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, where their unique properties can influence performance.
An early, and very common, method for synthesizing Colloidal silvers is citrate reduction.
This method was first recorded by M. C. Lea, who successfully produced a citrate-stabilized silver colloid in 1889.

Citrate reduction involves the reduction of a silver source particle, usually AgNO3 or AgClO4, to colloidal silver using trisodium citrate, Na3C6H5O7.
The synthesis is usually performed at an elevated temperature (~100 °C) to maximize the monodispersity (uniformity in both size and shape) of the particle.
In this method, the citrate ion traditionally acts as both the reducing agent and the capping ligand, making Colloidal silver a useful process for AgNP production due to its relative ease and short reaction time.

However, the silver particles formed may exhibit broad size distributions and form several different particle geometries simultaneously.
The addition of stronger reducing agents to the reaction is often used to synthesize particles of a more uniform size and shape.

Colloidal silver mirror reaction involves the conversion of Colloidal silver nitrate to Ag(NH3)OH.
Ag(NH3)OH is subsequently reduced into colloidal silver using an aldehyde containing molecule such as a sugar.

The silver mirror reaction is as follows:
2(Ag(NH3)2)+ + RCHO + 2OH− → RCOOH + 2Ag + 4NH3.

The size and shape of the Colloidal silvers produced are difficult to control and often have wide distributions.
However, this method is often used to apply thin coatings of Colloidal silver particles onto surfaces and further study into producing more uniformly sized nanoparticles is being done.

The biological synthesis of Colloidal silvers has provided a means for improved techniques compared to the traditional methods that call for the use of harmful reducing agents like sodium borohydride.
Many of these methods could improve their environmental footprint by replacing these relatively strong reducing agents.
The commonly used biological methods are using plant or fruit extracts, fungi, and even animal parts like insect wing extract.

The problems with the chemical production of Colloidal silvers is usually involves high cost and the longevity of the particles is short lived due to aggregation.
The harshness of standard chemical methods has sparked the use of using biological organisms to reduce silver ions in solution into colloidal Colloidal silvers.
Colloidal silvers can provide a means to overcome MDR.

In general, when using a targeting agent to deliver nanocarriers to cancer cells, Colloidal silver is imperative that the agent binds with high selectivity to molecules that are uniquely expressed on the cell surface.
Hence NPs can be designed with proteins that specifically detect drug resistant cells with overexpressed transporter proteins on their surface.
Colloidal silver a pitfall of the commonly used nano-drug delivery systems is that free drugs that are released from the nanocarriers into the cytosol get exposed to the MDR transporters once again, and are exported.

To solve this, 8 nm Colloidal silvers were modified by the addition of trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT), derived from the HIV-1 virus, which acts as a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP).
Generally, AgNP effectiveness is limited due to the lack of efficient cellular uptake; however, CPP-modification has become one of the most efficient methods for improving intracellular delivery of Colloidal silvers.
Once ingested, the export of the AgNP is prevented based on a size exclusion.

The concept is simple: the nanoparticles are too large to be effluxed by the MDR transporters, because the efflux function is strictly subjected to the size of Colloidal silver substrates, which is generally limited to a range of 300-2000 Da.
Thereby the Colloidal silvers remain insusceptible to the efflux, providing a means to accumulate in high concentrations.
In addition, increased demand from pharmaceutical industry as Colloidal silver is used in the field of biomarkers, biosensors, implant technology, tissue engineering, nanorobots & nanomedicine, and image enhancement devices.

The bactericidal activity of Colloidal silvers is due to the silver cations, which have the potential to disrupt physiological activity of microbes such as bacteria.
Growth in concerns regarding environmental impact and toxicity of Colloidal silvers is hindering the Colloidal silvers market.
Furthermore, high Colloidal silver product prices are likely to hinder market growth during the forecast period.

On the contrary, rise in trend of biological synthesis method is expected to create lucrative opportunities for the market during the forecast period.
Colloidal silvers are investigated for their potential role in drug delivery systems.
They can be designed to carry therapeutic agents and release them in a controlled manner, offering targeted drug delivery.

Colloidal silvers can exhibit photocatalytic activity, which means they can accelerate chemical reactions under light exposure.
This property is explored in applications like environmental remediation and water treatment.
In the field of electronics, Colloidal silvers are used to create flexible and transparent conductive films.

These films have applications in flexible electronics, touch screens, and electronic displays.
Colloidal silvers are integrated into textiles to impart anti-odor properties by inhibiting the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
This application is common in sportswear and undergarments.

Colloidal silvers are incorporated into various nanocomposite materials to enhance their mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.
These nanocomposites find applications in materials science and engineering.
Some studies explore the use of Colloidal silvers as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for medical diagnostics.

Colloidal silvers can be very effective against fungal infections that are otherwise difficult to treat.
This is of great importance for patients with weakened immunity who are especially vulnerable to fungi.
These Colloidal silvers not only suppress pathogenic fungi, including yeasts, but also fungi that grow in households, such as various mold species.

Colloidal silver reacts violently with chlorine trifluoride (in the presence of carbon).
Bromoazide explodes on contact with Silver foil.
Acetylene forms an insoluble acetylide with Silver.

When Colloidal silver is treated with nitric acid in the presence of ethyl alcohol, Silver fulminate, which can detonated may be formed.
Ethyleneimine forms explosive compounds with Colloidal silver, hence Silver solder should not be used to fabricate equipment for handling ethyleneimine.
Finely divided Silver and strong solutions of hydrogen peroxide may explode.

Colloidal silvers optical properties are also dependent on the nanoparticle size.
Smaller nanospheres absorb light and have peaks near to 400 nm, and larger nanoparticles have increased scattering to gives peaks that broaden and shift towards longer wavelengths.
Larger shifts into the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum are achieved by changing the nanoparticles shape to rods or plates.

Colloidal silvers can be synthesized by a variety of different techniques that are chemical, physical or biological.
The most common method for making colloidal gold is by a chemical citrate reduction method, but gold nanoparticles can also be grown by being encapsulated and immersed in polyethylene glycol dendrimers before being reduced by formaldehyde under near infra-red treatment.

Uses of Colloidal silver:
Because silver has antibacterial properties, colloidal silver was used to treat skin infections before antibiotics were available.
More recently, colloidal silver has been used to treat a variety of infections, including COVID-19, to boost the immune system, and decrease inflammation.

Colloidal silver is important to know, there is no clinical evidence to support the efficacy of colloidal silver and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends against Colloidal silver use.
There are some topical silver creams and other topical products that are approved by the FDA to prevent and treat infections.

These are different than colloidal silver.
Several of Colloidal silver compounds were not only useful but even essential for the predigital photographicindustry.

Colloidal silver has no known active biological role in the human body, and the levels of Ag+ within the body are below detection limits.
The metal has been used for thousands of years mainly as ornamental metal or for coins.
Furthermore, Colloidal silver has been used for medicinal purposes since 1000 BC.

Colloidal silver was known that water would keep fresh if it was kept in a silver pitcher; for example, Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) used to transport his water supplies in Colloidal silver pitchers during the Persian War.
A piece of Colloidal silver was also used, for example, to keep milk fresh, before any household refrigeration was developed.
In 1869, Ravelin proved that Colloidal silver in low doses acts as an antimicrobial.

Around the same time, the Swiss botanist showed that already at very low concentration Ag+ can kill the green algae spirogyra in fresh water.
This work inspired the gynaecologist Crede to recommended use of AgNO3 drops on new born children with conjunctivitis.

Using Colloidal silvers for catalysis has been gaining attention in recent years.
Although the most common applications are for medicinal or antibacterial purposes, Colloidal silvers have been demonstrated to show catalytic redox properties for dyes, benzene, and carbon monoxide.

Other untested compounds may use Colloidal silvers for catalysis, but the field is not fully explored.
Colloidal silvers supported on aerogel are advantageous due to the higher number of active sites.

Several of the Colloidal silver salts, such as silver nitrate, silver bromide, and silverchloride, are sensitive to light and, thus, when mixed with a gel-type coating on photographicfilm or paper, can be used to form light images.
Most of the Colloidal silver used in the United Statesis used in photography.

Photochromic (transition) eyeglasses that darken as they are exposed to sunlight have asmall amount of silver chloride imbedded in the glass that forms a thin layer of metallic silverthat darkens the lens when struck by sunlight.
This photosensitive chemical activity is thenreversed when the eyeglasses are removed from the light.

Colloidal silver reversal results from asmall amount of copper ions placed in the glass.
This reaction is repeated each time the lensesare exposed to sunlight.

This malleable white metal is found as argentite (Ag2S) and horn silver (AgCl) or in lead and copper ore.
Colloidal silvers coated with a thin layer of elemental silver and fumed with iodine were used by Niépce and Daguerre.

Aside from the heliograph and physautotype, Colloidal silver halide compounds were the basis of all photographic processes used in the camera and most of the printing processes during the 19th century.
Colloidal silver are one of the most fascinating, promising and widely used nano materials, particularly for their interesting antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects.

However, their potential uses are much wider.
Colloidal silvers are used in antibacterial products, industrial production, catalysis, household products and consumer goods.

Colloidal silver was used to treat infections and wounds before antibiotics became available.
Colloidal silvers are commonly used in biomedical and medical applications due to their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects.

Due to their favorable surface-to-volume ratio and crystal structure, nano silver particles are a promising alternative to antibiotics.
They can penetrate bacterial walls and effectively deal with bacterial biofilms and mucous coatings, which are usually well-protected environments for bacteria.

Colloidal silver are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials because of their high electrical conductivity, optical properties, and anti-microbial properties.
The biological activity of Colloidal silvers depends on factors such as particle composition, size distribution, surface chemistry, size; shape, coating/capping, particle morphology, dissolution rate, agglomeration, efficiency of ion release, and particle reactivity in solution.

Colloidal silvers have found a wide range of applications including their use as catalysts, as optical sensors of zeptomole (10−21) concentrations, in textile engineering, in electronics, in optics, as anti-reflection coatings, and most importantly in the medical field as a bactericidal and therapeutic agent.
Colloidal silver is used in the formulation of dental resin composites, in coatings of medical devices, as a bactericidal coating in water filters, as an antimicrobial agent in air sanitizer sprays, pillows, respirators, socks, keyboards, detergents, soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, washing machines and many other consumer products, in bone cement and in many wound dressings.

Colloidal silvers are also commonly used in colloidal solutions to enhance Raman spectroscopy.
The size and shape of nanoparticles have been shown to affect the enhancement.

Colloidal silvers are the most common shape of nanoparticles, but other shapes such as nanostars, nanocubes, nanorods and nanowires can be produced through a polymer-mediated polyol process.
Colloidal silvers can also be capped or hollowed using various chemical methods.
For a more accurate spread for detection, nanoparticles can be deposited or spin-coated onto multiple surfaces.

Coating is metallic silver and Colloidal silver salts are popularly used in medicinal purposes and in medical devices.
Colloidal silver is a precious metal, used in jewelryand ornaments Other applications includeColloidal silver use in photography, electroplating, dentalalloys, high-capacity batteries, printed circuits,coins, and mirrors.

Colloidal silver is stable in air, and it is utilized in reflecting mirrors.
The film vacuum evaporated on a quartz plate with the thickness of 2–55 nm shows the transmittance maximum at λ: 321.5 nm and works as a narrow band filter.

The name Colloidal silver is derived from the Saxon word ‘siloflur’, which has been subsequently transformed into the German word ‘Silabar’ followed by ‘Silber’ and the English word ‘silver’.
Romans called the element ‘argentum’, and this is where the symbol Ag derives from.

Colloidal silver is widely distributed in nature.
Colloidal silver can be found in its native form and in various ores such as argentite (Ag2S), which is the most important ore mineral for silver, and horn silver (AgCl).

The principal sources of silver are copper, copper–nickel, gold, lead and lead–zinc ores, which can be mainly found in Peru, Mexico, China and Australia.
Colloidal silver and its alloys and compounds have numerous applications.

As a precious metal, Colloidal silver is used in jewelry.
Also, one of its alloys, sterling Colloidal silver, containing 92.5 weight % silver and 7.5 weight % copper, is a jewelry item and is used in tableware and decorative pieces.

The metal and Colloidal silver copper alloys are used in coins.
Colloidal silvers are widely recognized for their strong antimicrobial properties.
They are incorporated into products such as wound dressings, bandages, and medical devices to prevent bacterial and microbial growth.

In medical diagnostics, Colloidal silvers are explored for their use as contrast agents in imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Their unique properties contribute to enhanced imaging quality.

Colloidal silvers are investigated for drug delivery applications.
They can be designed to carry therapeutic agents and release them in a controlled manner, offering targeted drug delivery.

Colloidal silvers are integrated into textiles and clothing to provide antimicrobial and anti-odor properties.
This application is common in sportswear, undergarments, and fabrics used in healthcare settings.

Colloidal silvers are used in a variety of consumer products, including socks, kitchenware, and appliances, to impart antimicrobial properties and reduce the growth of bacteria that cause odors.
Colloidal silvers are employed in water treatment technologies to eliminate or reduce the presence of harmful microorganisms.

They can be part of filters, coatings, or solutions used for purifying water.
Due to their antimicrobial properties, Colloidal silvers are explored for use in food packaging materials.

They can help extend the shelf life of packaged foods by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Colloidal silvers are used in the electronics industry to create conductive inks for printed electronics, flexible displays, and sensors.

Their electrical conductivity and compatibility with flexible substrates make them valuable in these applications.
Colloidal silvers exhibit catalytic activity and are employed in various catalytic reactions.

This has implications for applications in chemical synthesis and industrial processes.
In the medical field, Colloidal silvers are investigated for their use in photothermal therapy.

When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they can generate heat, which may be utilized for targeted treatment of cancer cells.
Colloidal silvers may be included in certain cosmetic and personal care products for their potential antibacterial and preservative properties.

In the electronics industry, Colloidal silvers are used to create flexible and transparent conductive films, with applications in flexible electronics, touch screens, and electronic displays.
Colloidal silvers can exhibit photocatalytic activity, accelerating chemical reactions under light exposure.

This property is explored in applications like environmental remediation and water treatment.
Due to their antimicrobial properties, Colloidal silvers are employed in air purification systems to help eliminate or reduce the presence of harmful microorganisms.

Colloidal silvers find applications in various biomedical areas, including tissue engineering, biosensors, and the development of biocompatible materials.
Colloidal silvers are utilized in coatings for materials like glass and plastics to provide UV-blocking properties.

This is particularly important in products such as sunglasses, protective eyewear, and sunscreens.
In dentistry, Colloidal silvers are incorporated into dental materials such as composites and coatings to provide antimicrobial properties and reduce the risk of bacterial infections.

Colloidal silvers are being studied for potential applications in cancer treatment.
Their unique properties, including their ability to generate heat under light exposure, make them candidates for targeted cancer therapy.

Colloidal silvers are used in the production of transparent conductive films for solar cells.
These films enhance light absorption and electron transport within the solar cells, contributing to improved efficiency.

In electronics manufacturing, Colloidal silvers are employed in the fabrication of flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs).
Their use supports the development of flexible and bendable electronic devices.

Colloidal silvers can be incorporated into coatings for eyewear and surfaces to provide anti-fog properties.
This is particularly beneficial in applications where clear visibility is essential.

Colloidal silvers are integrated into smart textiles, enabling the development of fabrics with electronic and sensing capabilities.
These textiles find applications in wearable technology and healthcare monitoring.

Colloidal silvers are studied for potential applications in the oil and gas industry, particularly in enhanced oil recovery processes and as additives in drilling fluids.
Colloidal silvers are used in packaging materials for electronic components to provide a conductive barrier and protect against environmental factors such as moisture and corrosion.

Colloidal silvers are utilized in the development of photonic devices, including sensors, waveguides, and components for optical communication systems.
Colloidal silvers are added to heat transfer fluids to enhance their thermal conductivity.

This is relevant in applications where efficient heat transfer is crucial, such as in cooling systems.
Colloidal silvers can be incorporated into 3D printing materials, allowing the production of conductive and functional 3D-printed objects for electronic and sensing applications.

Colloidal silvers are explored for their potential role in soil remediation, assisting in the removal of contaminants and pollutants from soil environments.
Colloidal silvers can be added to construction materials such as concrete to impart antimicrobial properties and reduce the growth of bacteria on surfaces.

Colloidal silver-copper brazing alloys and solders have many applications.
They are used in automotive radiators, heat exchangers, electrical contacts, steam tubes, coins, and musical instruments.
Some other uses of Colloidal silver metal include its applications as electrodes, catalysts, mirrors, and dental amalgam.

Colloidal silver is used as a catalyst in oxidation-reductions involving conversions of alcohol to aldehydes, ethylene to ethylene oxide, and ethylene glycol to glyoxal.
Colloidal silver has a multitude of uses and practical applications both in Colloidal silver elemental metallic formand as a part of its many compounds.

Colloidal silver is excellent electrical conductivity makes it ideal for usein electronic products, such a computer components and high-quality electronic equipment.
Colloidal silver would be an ideal metal for forming the wiring in homes and transmission lines, if Colloidal silver weremore abundant and less expensive.

Metallic Colloidal silver has been used for centuries as a coinage metal in many countries.
Theamount of silver now used to make coins in the United States has been reduced drastically byalloying other metals such as copper, zinc, and nickel with Colloidal silver.

Colloidal silver is used as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions, in water purification, and inspecial high-performance batteries (cells).
Colloidal silver is high reflectivity makes it ideal as a reflectivecoating for mirrors.

Production Methods of Colloidal silver:
Many processes are known for recovery of Colloidal silver from its ores.
These depend mostly on the nature of the mineral, its silver content, and recovery of other metals present in the ore.

Colloidal silver is usually extracted from high-grade ores by three common processes that have been known for many years.
These are amalgamation, leaching, and cyanidation.

In one amalgamation process, ore is crushed and mixed with sodium chloride, copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, and mercury, and roasted in cast iron pots.
The amalgam is separated and washed.
Silver is separated from Colloidal silver amalgam by distillation of mercury.

In the cyanidation process the ore is crushed and roasted with sodium chloride and then treated with a solution of sodium cyanide.
Colloidal silver forms a stable Colloidal silver cyanide complex, [Ag(CN)2]–.

Adding metallic zinc to this complex solution precipitates Colloidal silver.
One such process, known as the Patera process, developed in the mid 19th century, involves roasting ore with sodium chloride followed by leaching with sodium thiosulfate solution.

Colloidal silver 834 SILVERis precipitated as silver sulfide, Ag2S, by adding sodium sulfide to the leachate.
In the Clandot process, leaching is done with ferric chloride solution.

Addition of zinc iodide precipitates Colloidal silver iodide, AgI.
AgI is reduced with zinc to obtain Colloidal silver.

The above processes are applied for extraction of Colloidal silver from high-grade ores.
However, with depletion of these ores, many processes were developed subsequently to extract Colloidal silver from low-grade ores, especially lead, copper, and zinc ores that contain very small quantities of silver.

Low grade ores are concentrated by floatation.
The concentrates are fed into smelters (copper, lead, and zinc smelters).

The concentrates are subjected to various treatments before and after smelting including sintering, calcination, and leaching.
Copper concentrates are calcined for removal of sulfur and smelted in a reverberatory furnace to convert into blister copper containing 99 wt% Cu.

The blister copper is fire-refined and cast into anodes.
The anodes are electrolytically refined in the presence of cathodes containing 99.9% copper.

Insoluble anode sludges from electrolytic refining contain silver, gold, and platinum metals.
Colloidal silver is recovered from the mud by treatment with sulfuric acid.

Base metals dissolve in sulfuric acid leaving Colloidal silver mixed with any gold present in the mud.
Colloidal silver is separated from gold by electrolysis.

Lead and zinc concentrates can be treated in more or less the same manner as copper concentrates.
Sintering lead concentrates removes sulfur and following that smelting with coke and flux in a blast furnace forms impure lead bullion.

The lead bullion is drossed with air and sulfur and softened with molten bullion in the presence of air to remove most impurities other than Colloidal silver and gold.
Copper is recovered from the dross and zinc converts to Colloidal silver oxide and is recovered from blast furnace slag.

The softened lead obtained above also contains some Colloidal silver.
The Colloidal silver is recovered by the Parkes Process.

The Parkes process involves adding zinc to molten lead to dissolve Colloidal silver at temperatures above the melting point of zinc.
On cooling, zinc-silver alloy solidifies, separating from the lead and rising to the top.

The alloy is lifted off and zinc is separated from silver by distillation leaving behind metallic Colloidal silver.
The unsoftened lead obtained after the softening operation contains Colloidal silver in small but significant quantities.

Such unsoftened lead is cast into anode and subjected to electrolytic refining.
The anode mud that is formed adhering to these anodes is removed by scraping.

Colloidal silver contains bismuth, silver, gold, and other impurity metals.
Colloidal silver is obtained from this anode mud by methods similar to the extraction of anode mud from the copper refining process discussed earlier.

If the low–grade ore is a zinc mineral, then zinc concentrate obtained from the flotation process is calcined and leached with water to remove zinc.
Colloidal silver and lead are left in leach residues.

Residues are treated like lead concentrates and fed into lead smelters.
Colloidal silver is recovered from this lead concentrate by various processes described above.

Environmental Fate of Colloidal silver:
Colloidal silver exists in four oxidation states (0,+1,+2,and +3).
Colloidal silver occurs primarily as sulfides with iron, lead, tellurides, and with gold.

Colloidal silver is a rare element, which occurs naturally in its pure form.
Colloidal silver is a white, lustrous, relatively soft, and very malleable metal.
Colloidal silver has an average abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the Earth’s crust and about 0.3 ppm in soils.

History of Colloidal silver:
Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate Colloidal silver from lead as early as 3000 B.C.
Colloidal silver occurs native and in ores such as argentite (Ag2S) and horn silver (AgCl); lead, lead-zinc, copper, gold, and copper-nickel ores are principal sources.

Mexico, Canada, Peru, and the U.S. are the principal Colloidal silver producers in the western hemisphere.
Colloidal silver is also recovered during electrolytic refining of copper.

Commercial fine silver contains at least 99.9% silver.
Purities of 99.999+% are available commercially.

Pure silver has a brilliant white metallic luster.
Colloidal silver is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium.

Pure Colloidal silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance.
Colloidal silver is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur.

The alloys of Colloidal silver are important.
Sterling Colloidal silver is used for jewelry, silverware, etc. where appearance is paramount.

This alloy contains 92.5% silver, the remainder being copper or some other metal.
Colloidal silver is of utmost importance in photography, about 30% of the U.S. industrial consumption going into this application.

Colloidal silver is used for dental alloys.
Colloidal silver is used in making solder and brazing alloys, electrical contacts, and high capacity silver–zinc and silver–cadmium batteries.

Colloidal silver paints are used for making printed circuits.
Colloidal silver is used in mirror production and may be deposited on glass or metals by chemical deposition, electrodeposition, or by evaporation.

When freshly deposited, Colloidal silver is the best reflector of visible light known, but is rapidly tarnishes and loses much of Colloidal silver reflectance.
Colloidal silver is a poor reflector of ultraviolet.

Colloidal silver fulminate (Ag2C2N2O2), a powerful explosive, is sometimes formed during the silvering process.
Colloidal silver iodide is used in seeding clouds to produce rain.

Colloidal silver chloride has interesting optical properties as Colloidal silver can be made transparent.
Colloidal silver also is a cement for glass.
Colloidal silver nitrate, or lunar caustic, the most important silver compound, is used extensively in photography.

While Colloidal silver itself is not considered to be toxic, most of its salts are poisonous.
Natural silver contains two stable isotopes.
Fifty-six other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known.

Colloidal silver compounds can be absorbed in the circulatory system and reduced silver deposited in the various tissues of the body.
A condition, known as argyria, results with a greyish pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes.

Colloidal silver has germicidal effects and kills many lower organisms effectively without harm to higher animals.
Colloidal silver for centuries has been used traditionally for coinage by many countries of the world.

In recent times, however, consumption of Colloidal silver has at times greatly exceeded the output.
In 1939, the price of silver was fixed by the U.S. Treasury at 71￠/troy oz., and at 90.5￠/troy oz. in 1946.

In November 1961 the U.S. Treasury suspended sales of nonmonetized Colloidal silver, and the price stabilized for a time at about $1.29, the melt-down value of silver U.S. coins.
The Coinage Act of 1965 authorized a change in the metallic composition of the three U.S. subsidiary denominations to clad or composite type coins.

This was the first change in U.S. coinage since the monetary system was established in 1792.
Clad dimes and quarters are made of an outer layer of 75% Cu and 25% Ni bonded to a central core of pure Cu.

The composition of the oneand five-cent pieces remains unchanged.
One-cent coins are 95% Cu and 5% Zn.
Earlier subsidiary coins of 90% Ag and 10% Cu officially were to circulate alongside the clad coins; however, in practice they have largely disappeared (Gresham’s Law), as the value of the silver is now greater than their exchange value.

Colloidal silver coins of other countries have largely been replaced with coins made of other metals.
On June 24, 1968, the U.S. Government ceased to redeem U.S. Silver Certificates with silver.
The price of Colloidal silver in 2001 was only about four times the cost of the metal about 150 years ago.

This has largely been caused by Central Banks disposing of some of their silver reserves and the development of more productive mines with better refining methods.
Also, Colloidal silver has been displaced by other metals or processes, such as digital photography.

Safety Profile of Colloidal silver:

Human systemic effects by inhalation: skin effects.
The acute toxicity of silver metal is low.
The acute toxicity of soluble silver compounds depends on the counterion and must be evaluated case by case.

For example, silver nitrate is strongly corrosive and can cause burns and permanent damage to the eyes and skin.
Chronic exposure to silver or silver salts can cause a local or generalized darkening of the mucous membranes, skin, and eyes known as argyria.
The other chronic effects of silver compounds must be evaluated individually.

Although Colloidal silvers are widely used in a variety of commercial products, there has only recently been a major effort to study their effects on human health.
Inhalation of dusts can cause argyrosis.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data.

Flammable in the form of dust when exposed to flame or by chemical reaction with C2H2, NH3, bromoazide, ClF3 ethyleneimine, H2O2, oxalic acid, H2SO4, tartaric acid.
Incompatible with acetylene, acetylene compounds, aziridine, bromine azide, 3-bromopropyne, carboxylic acids, copper + ethylene glycol, electrolytes + zinc, ethanol + nitric acid, ethylene oxide, ethyl hydroperoxide, ethyleneimine, iodoform, nitric acid, ozonides, peroxomonosulfuric acid, peroxyformic acid.

Properties of Colloidal silver:
Melting point: 960 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 2212 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.135 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: 5.8 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.05 ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.333
Flash point: 232 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: soluble
form: wool
color: Yellow
Specific Gravity: 10.49
Odor: Odorless
Resistivity: 1-3 * 10^-5 Ω-cm (conductive paste) &_& 1.59 μΩ-cm, 20°C
Water Solubility: insoluble
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck: 13,8577