URSOLIC ACID N° CAS : 77-52-1 "Bien" dans toutes les catégories. Nom INCI : URSOLIC ACID Nom chimique : Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta)-; 3b-Hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic Acid; Hydroxyursenoic acid N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-034-0 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

VALERIC ACID N° CAS : 109-52-4 "Bien" dans toutes les catégories. Nom INCI : VALERIC ACID Nom chimique : Pentanoic Acid N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-677-2 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

UV STABILIZER UV stabilizer General name of additives used to prevent degradation of organic coating films exposed to UV light. UV stabilizers are classified into two groups. UV stabilizers (also called as UV absorbers). They convert the absorbed UV energy into heat and this heat is then dissipated through the substrate. Benzophenones and benzotriazole derivatives are commonly used UV stabilizers. The other group is free radical scavengers. They act by trapping the free radicals formed by UV light and decompose these radicals along with themselves hereby suppress the degradation of coating. Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are used as free radical scavengers. UV Stabilizers for Engineering PlasticsEngineering plastics like polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates are majorly used for applications that demand long time U.V stabilization. This selection guide mainly deals with the query "which UV Stabilizer is ideal for which plastic"? This guide will familiarize you with various UV stabilizers used with these engineering plastics. You would be able to find out the functionalities of different UV stabilizers for different engineering plastics in demand. Also one can find the starting point formulations of polycarbonates, polyacetal polyoxymethylene, polyesters like PET & PBT and polyamides.By Pascal Xanthopoulos UV StabilizersUV Stabilizers for PolycarbonateUV Stabilizers for POMUV Stabilizers for PolyestersUV Stabilizers for Polyamides UV Stabilizers UV stabilizers combat the degradation that plastics can undergo under the effects of sunlight, UV rays, heat and reaction with oxygen. The changes witnessed in a plastic can range from discoloration to formation of cracks. Incorporating a UV stabilizer into the polymer mix, improves the appearance/aesthetics and the overall life of the product. Selection of a UV stabilizer largely depends upon the surface to be protected, envisioned functional life & sensitivity to photodegradation. Several engineering thermoplastics like polyamides being majorly used for outdoor applications require long time U.V stabilization. For e.g.polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) finds uses in pigmented automotive exterior applications. Polyurethane based end products like automotive door trims, instrument panels, steering wheels, window sealants, head and arm rests and shoe soles, degrade when exposed to heat and light. Such degradation causes discoloration and formation of cracks. In this selection guide you will come across different UV Stabilizers that are added to impart typical functionalities to the plastic. For e.g. Hindered amine light stabilizers are derivatives of 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl piperidine. They are extremely efficient stabilizers against light-induced degradation of most polymers. HALS do not absorb UV radiation, but act as antioxidants to inhibit or slow down the photochemical degradation of the polymer. Significant levels of UV stabilization are achieved at relatively low concentrations as during the stabilization process HALS get generated rather than being consumed. Others like benzotriazoles and benzophenones are cost effective and provide better performance than other types of UV stabilizers. Benzotriazoles are widely used in high temperature resins like acrylics and polycarbonates. While benzophenones find applications in polyolefins, PVC, etc. uv stabilizer are used individually or together to achieve the synergic effect. Click to check our UV stabilizers selection guide. Any further questions, chat with our online sales or mail at info@linchemical.com Linsorb UV Stabilizers Portfolio Related posts UV Stabilizer additives for polyolefins UV Stabilizer additives for special polymers UV Stabilizer additives for special coating UV Stabilizer additives for special adhesives If you are experiencing issues regarding your polymers or current additives, or sourcing additives or polymers additive solution？ this maybe the ending of your sourcing. Chat with our online engineer, or file the form below. We’ll back to you in 12hous, guaranteed. UV Stabilizers To prevent degradation when exposed to heat, cold and uv-light, plastics require stabilization. Specially designed plastic UV Stabilizers protect the polymer during processing and ensure that plastic end products retain their physical properties during use, prolonging their life. SONGWON offers as a leading manufacturer of polymer UV Stabilizers a comprehensive range of processing, heat and uv-light UV Stabilizers as additives for plastics in a variety of blends and physical forms that facilitate handling and application. Information on the available physical forms is provided in the Technical Datasheets. Manufacturer of Polymer UV Stabilizers / UV Stabilizer Solutions for Plastics Antioxidants, Binary Blends & Thioesters SONGNOX® antioxidants prolong the life of plastics Phenolic antioxidants (AOs), also known as primary antioxidants, are highly effective, non-discoloring UV Stabilizers for organic substrates that are prone to oxidation, e.g., plastics, synthetic fibers, elastomers and waxes. They act as free radical scavengers, and are primarily used to protect the finished product. Phosphite antioxidants, also known as secondary antioxidants, act as peroxide decomposers, protecting the polymer and ensuring color retention of oxidation-prone organic polymers, especially during processing. Thioester antioxidants decompose and neutralize hydroperoxides formed through polymer oxidation. Thioesters are used to provide heat aging protection and to preserve color. Aminic antioxidants help to preserve physical and surface properties, including color, and scorch and heat resistance. Binary blends are a combination of a primary (phenolic) antioxidant and a secondary (phosphite) antioxidant for optimum stabilization during processing and service life. UV Stabilizer Solutions SONGXTEND® stabilization excellence & tailor-made solutions Our SONGXTEND® range of innovative stabilization packages solves a number of the key issues our customers face during processing, conversion and end-use life cycles. SONGXTEND® UV Stabilizer Solutions provide: processing stabilization solutions for PP high heat stabilization in PP based automotive applications solutions for PP fiber & thin wall injection molded grades Our highly advanced production processes and technology enable us to tailor our UV Stabilizer solution products to specification. Hindered Amine Light UV Stabilizers (HALS) SABO®STAB hindered amine light UV Stabilizers (HALS) neutralize harmful UV radiation Hindered amine light UV Stabilizers (HALS) protect polymers from degradation due to UV exposure by neutralizing them. HALS regenerate during neutralization and continue to provide protection throughout the life of the end product. They also act as primary antioxidants with low color generation. Monomeric HALS provide effective surface protection, while polymeric HALS protect the core of the material. SONGWON has a long-term global distribution agreement for distribution of SABO HALS light UV Stabilizers. UV Stabilizer Photo-oxidation is the result of the combined action of light and oxygen, with the action of sunlight in the presence of the air’s oxygen being the most important example. Photo-oxidation of polymers and other materials leads to degradation, discoloration and product failure unless it is prevented or significantly retarded. Mayzo supplies products from three general classes of UV stabilizers: UV Absorbers (which include benzotriazoles and benzophenones) HALS (hindered amine light UV stabilizers) UV Stabilizers – UV Absorber & Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS) UV stabilizer range contains two types of light stabilizers: Ultraviolet Light Absorbers (UVA) and Hindered-Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS), used individually or as blends. UVA filter harmful UV light and help prevent color change and delamination of coatings, adhesives, and sealants. HALS trap free radicals once they are formed and are effective in retaining surface properties such as gloss and prevent cracking and chalking of paints. The combination of these two families is highly synergistic. UV stabilizer product list UV Absorber BP-3, BP-6, P, 1130, 1164, 1157, 234, 326, 329, 360, 3638, 384-2,400, 531, 928, 99-2, 5050, 5060. Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers 119, 292, 622, 765, 770, 783, 791, 944, 2020, 3808PP5, 3853PP5 UV Stabilizers for Polymers, Plastics, Coatings, Rubber BASF, Songwon, Addivant and Baoxu Chemical UV Stabilizer Compare Baoxu chemical UV stabilizers are min99% similar according to IR, over half of our domestic customers use our UV stabilizers as replacement of imports to have a competitive edge. We control batch to batch quality consistency, to further protect our buyers interests. We use Paypal, Escrow which now known as Alibaba Secure Payment for samples express fees (samples are free to offer). UV stabilizer General name of additives used to prevent degradation of organic coating films exposed to UV light. UV stabilizers are classified into two groups. UV stabilizers (also called as UV absorbers). They convert the absorbed UV energy into heat and this heat is then dissipated through the substrate. Benzophenones and benzotriazole derivatives are commonly used UV stabilizers. The other group is free radical scavengers. They act by trapping the free radicals formed by UV light and decompose these radicals along with themselves hereby suppress the degradation of coating. Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are used as free radical scavengers. UV Stabilizers for Engineering PlasticsEngineering plastics like polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates are majorly used for applications that demand long time U.V stabilization. This selection guide mainly deals with the query "which UV Stabilizer is ideal for which plastic"? This guide will familiarize you with various UV stabilizers used with these engineering plastics. You would be able to find out the functionalities of different UV stabilizers for different engineering plastics in demand. Also one can find the starting point formulations of polycarbonates, polyacetal polyoxymethylene, polyesters like PET & PBT and polyamides.By Pascal Xanthopoulos UV StabilizersUV Stabilizers for PolycarbonateUV Stabilizers for POMUV Stabilizers for PolyestersUV Stabilizers for Polyamides UV Stabilizers UV stabilizers combat the degradation that plastics can undergo under the effects of sunlight, UV rays, heat and reaction with oxygen. The changes witnessed in a plastic can range from discoloration to formation of cracks. Incorporating a UV stabilizer into the polymer mix, improves the appearance/aesthetics and the overall life of the product. Selection of a UV stabilizer largely depends upon the surface to be protected, envisioned functional life & sensitivity to photodegradation. Several engineering thermoplastics like polyamides being majorly used for outdoor applications require long time U.V stabilization. For e.g.polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) finds uses in pigmented automotive exterior applications. Polyurethane based end products like automotive door trims, instrument panels, steering wheels, window sealants, head and arm rests and shoe soles, degrade when exposed to heat and light. Such degradation causes discoloration and formation of cracks. In this selection guide you will come across different UV Stabilizers that are added to impart typical functionalities to the plastic. For e.g. Hindered amine light stabilizers are derivatives of 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl piperidine. They are extremely efficient stabilizers against light-induced degradation of most polymers. HALS do not absorb UV radiation, but act as antioxidants to inhibit or slow down the photochemical degradation of the polymer. Significant levels of UV stabilization are achieved at relatively low concentrations as during the stabilization process HALS get generated rather than being consumed. Others like benzotriazoles and benzophenones are cost effective and provide better performance than other types of UV stabilizers. Benzotriazoles are widely used in high temperature resins like acrylics and polycarbonates. While benzophenones find applications in polyolefins, PVC, etc. uv stabilizer are used individually or together to achieve the synergic effect. Click to check our UV stabilizers selection guide. Any further questions, chat with our online sales or mail at info@linchemical.com Linsorb UV Stabilizers Portfolio Related posts UV Stabilizer additives for polyolefins UV Stabilizer additives for special polymers UV Stabilizer additives for special coating UV Stabilizer additives for special adhesives If you are experiencing issues regarding your polymers or current additives, or sourcing additives or polymers additive solution？ this maybe the ending of your sourcing. Chat with our online engineer, or file the form below. We’ll back to you in 12hous, guaranteed. UV Stabilizers To prevent degradation when exposed to heat, cold and uv-light, plastics require stabilization. Specially designed plastic UV Stabilizers protect the polymer during processing and ensure that plastic end products retain their physical properties during use, prolonging their life. SONGWON offers as a leading manufacturer of polymer UV Stabilizers a comprehensive range of processing, heat and uv-light UV Stabilizers as additives for plastics in a variety of blends and physical forms that facilitate handling and application. Information on the available physical forms is provided in the Technical Datasheets. Manufacturer of Polymer UV Stabilizers / UV Stabilizer Solutions for Plastics Antioxidants, Binary Blends & Thioesters SONGNOX® antioxidants prolong the life of plastics Phenolic antioxidants (AOs), also known as primary antioxidants, are highly effective, non-discoloring UV Stabilizers for organic substrates that are prone to oxidation, e.g., plastics, synthetic fibers, elastomers and waxes. They act as free radical scavengers, and are primarily used to protect the finished product. Phosphite antioxidants, also known as secondary antioxidants, act as peroxide decomposers, protecting the polymer and ensuring color retention of oxidation-prone organic polymers, especially during processing. Thioester antioxidants decompose and neutralize hydroperoxides formed through polymer oxidation. Thioesters are used to provide heat aging protection and to preserve color. Aminic antioxidants help to preserve physical and surface properties, including color, and scorch and heat resistance. Binary blends are a combination of a primary (phenolic) antioxidant and a secondary (phosphite) antioxidant for optimum stabilization during processing and service life. UV Stabilizer Solutions SONGXTEND® stabilization excellence & tailor-made solutions Our SONGXTEND® range of innovative stabilization packages solves a number of the key issues our customers face during processing, conversion and end-use life cycles. SONGXTEND® UV Stabilizer Solutions provide: processing stabilization solutions for PP high heat stabilization in PP based automotive applications solutions for PP fiber & thin wall injection molded grades Our highly advanced production processes and technology enable us to tailor our UV Stabilizer solution products to specification. Hindered Amine Light UV Stabilizers (HALS) SABO®STAB hindered amine light UV Stabilizers (HALS) neutralize harmful UV radiation Hindered amine light UV Stabilizers (HALS) protect polymers from degradation due to UV exposure by neutralizing them. HALS regenerate during neutralization and continue to provide protection throughout the life of the end product. They also act as primary antioxidants with low color generation. Monomeric HALS provide effective surface protection, while polymeric HALS protect the core of the material. SONGWON has a long-term global distribution agreement for distribution of SABO HALS light UV Stabilizers. UV Stabilizer Photo-oxidation is the result of the combined action of light and oxygen, with the action of sunlight in the presence of the air’s oxygen being the most important example. Photo-oxidation of polymers and other materials leads to degradation, discoloration and product failure unless it is prevented or significantly retarded. Mayzo supplies products from three general classes of UV stabilizers: UV Absorbers (which include benzotriazoles and benzophenones) HALS (hindered amine light UV stabilizers) UV Stabilizers – UV Absorber & Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS) UV stabilizer range contains two types of light stabilizers: Ultraviolet Light Absorbers (UVA) and Hindered-Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS), used individually or as blends. UVA filter harmful UV light and help prevent color change and delamination of coatings, adhesives, and sealants. HALS trap free radicals once they are formed and are effective in retaining surface properties such as gloss and prevent cracking and chalking of paints. The combination of these two families is highly synergistic. UV stabilizer product list UV Absorber BP-3, BP-6, P, 1130, 1164, 1157, 234, 326, 329, 360, 3638, 384-2,400, 531, 928, 99-2, 5050, 5060. Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers 119, 292, 622, 765, 770, 783, 791, 944, 2020, 3808PP5, 3853PP5 UV Stabilizers for Polymers, Plastics, Coatings, Rubber BASF, Songwon, Addivant and Baoxu Chemical UV Stabilizer Compare Baoxu chemical UV stabilizers are min99% similar according to IR, over half of our domestic customers use our UV stabilizers as replacement of imports to have a competitive edge. We control batch to batch quality consistency, to further protect our buyers interests. We use Paypal, Escrow which now known as Alibaba Secure Payment for samples express fees (samples are free to offer).

SYNONYMS Ethanol, 2-chloro-, phosphate (3:1); Celluflex CEF; Disflamoll TCA; Fyrol CEF; Niax Flame Retardant 3CF; Niax 3CF; Tri(β-chloroethyl) phosphate; Trichloroethyl phosphate; Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate; Tris(chloroethyl) phosphate; Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate; Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate; 3CF; Celluflex; Phosphoric acid, tris(2-chloroethyl) ester; Trichlorethyl phosphate; 2-Chloroethanol phosphate CAS NO:115-96-8

VANILLIC ACID N° CAS : 121-34-6 "Bien" dans toutes les catégories. Nom INCI : VANILLIC ACID Nom chimique : Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-466-8 Ses fonctions (INCI) Non classé : Non classé

SYNONYMS 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; p-Hydroxy-m-methoxybenzaldehyde; Vanillic aldehyde; 2-Methoxy-4-formylphenol; 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenol; 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde; Vanilla; 4-Hydroxy-m-anisaldehyde; Methyl protocatechualdehyde; p-Vanillin; 4-Hydroxy-m-anisaldehyde; Vanillaldehyde; m-Methoxy-p-hydroxybenzaldehyde; Protocatechualdehyde 3-methyl ether; 2-Methoxy-4-formylphenol;CAS NO. 121-33-5; 52447-63-9; 8014-42-4

Vanilline; VANILLIN, N° CAS : 121-33-5 - Vanilline, Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique, Autres langues : Vaniglia, Vanilina, vanilin, Nom INCI : VANILLIN, Nom chimique : Vanillin. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-465-2. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) : Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Noms français : 2-METHOXY-4-FORMYLPHENOL; 3-METHOXY-4-HYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE; 4-FORMYL-2-METHOXYPHENOL; 4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY BENZALDEHYDE; 4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE; 4-HYDROXY-5-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE; 4-HYDROXY-M-ANISALDEHYDE; BENZALDEHYDE, 4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY-; HYDROXY-4 METHOXY-3 BENZALDEHYDE;M-ANISALDEHYDE, 4-HYDROXY M-ANISALDEHYDE, 4-HYDROXY-; METHYLPROTOCATECHUIC ALDEHYDE; P-HYDROXY-M-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE; PROTOCATECHUALDEHYDE 3-METHYL ETHER; PROTOCATECHUALDEHYDE, METHYL-; Vanilline. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Agent de saveur; Vanillin. CAS names : Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-; IUPAC names: 1-butoxypropan-2-ol; 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde; 4-hydroksy-3-metoksybenzaldehyd, ; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyd; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, Vanillic aldehyde; 4-hydroxy-3-méthoxybenzaldéhyde; Ester; vanilin; vanilla; Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde); wanilina; 121-33-5 [RN], vanilya; 204-465-2 [EINECS]; 2-Methoxy-4-formylphenol ; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 4-08-00-01763 [Beilstein]; 472792 [Beilstein]; 4-formyl-2-methoxyphenol; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyd [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] ; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4-Hydroxy-3-méthoxybenzaldéhyde [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 4-hydroxy-m-anisaldehyde; Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- [ACD/Index Name]; m-Anisaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-; MFCD00006942 [MDL number]; p-hydroxy-m-methoxybenzaldehyde ; Vanilin [Turkish]; Vanilina [Portuguese]; Vanilina [Spanish]; Vanillic aldehyde; Vanillin; Vanillin [German]; Vanillin Melting Point Standard; Vanillina [Italian]; Vanilline [French]; Βανιλίνη [Modern Greek (1453-)]; Ванилин [Russian]; バニリン [Japanese]; 香草醛 [Chinese]; 4-hydroxy 3-methoxybenzaldehyde; Acetovanillone; apocynine; Lioxin; m-Methoxy-p-hydroxybenzaldehyde; para-Hydroxy-meta-methoxybenzaldehyde; p-vanillin; Vanilin; vaniline; Vanilla; vanillaldehyde; Vanillin|4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; VHR DQ CO1 [WLN]; Zimco

VANTOCIL IB VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial is a broad spectrum, fast acting bactericide for the formulation of disinfectants and sanitisers. This product is a 20% aqueous solution of poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB). VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial is produced for use in industrial, institutional, agricultural, food, beverage, and domestic disinfection applications, primarily as a solid surface disinfectant, specifically for hospitals, veterinary establishments, dairies, milking parlors, breweries, air-conditioning units, and pasteurizers in canned food & beverage bottling plants. Vantocil Product Overview Vantocil IB and Vantocil TG are aqueous solutions of the powerful antibacterial preservative poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride [PHMB], an active offering broad pH tolerance, low foam and good heat stability. Applications are varied, and include surface care, fabric care and automotive care. PROPERTIES Vantocil IB and Vantocil TG are aqueous solutions of the powerful antibacterial preservative poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride [PHMB], an active offering broad pH tolerance, low foam and good heat stability. Applications are varied, and include surface care, fabric care and automotive care. Vantocil IB Antimicrobial is a broad spectrum, fast acting bactericide for disinfectants and sanitizers in industrial, institutional, agricultural, food, beverage and domestic disinfection applications. It is effective in a wide range of industrial disinfection applications, primarily as a solid surface dispersant. Application areas include hospitals, institutions, veterinary establishments, dairies, milking parlors, and other food processing plants. VANTOCIL IB has been shown to be very effective against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium intracellularis responsible for tuberculosis in pigs. VANTOCIL IB has also been shown to be effective at eradicating Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella typhimurium, Heamophilus gallinarum, Mycoplasma synoviae and pathogenic E.coli, which are responsible for white diarrhoea, respiratory disease and colibacillosis in chickens. Features VANTOCIL IB is based on Arch's highly active biocide poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride, also known as PHMB. •Fast acting bactericide, effective at low concentrations •Extensive toxicity studies suggest acceptable use •Retains activity in the presence of organic matter such as •Active against enveloped RNA, enveloped DNA, naked •Readily dilutable in hot and cold water •Provides stable formulations with both acids and alkalis •Low corrosion, and compatible with common materials of •Active in both soft and hard water •Effective and stable over a pH range of 1 - 11 VANTOCIL IB is a highly effective, fast-acting biocide for the formulation of disinfectants and sanitizers, and is a 20%aqueous solution of poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride, also known as PHMB. VANTOCIL FHC is anaqueous formulation of PHMB and quaternary ammonium compound. PARA-GENE Poly BiQuinide Disinfectant Vantocil IB concentrate formula isdesigned for use as a powerful surface and terminal non-tainting sanitiser which has a broad spectrum of activity against micro-organisms. VANTOCIL IB is a broad spectrum, fast acting bactericide for the formulation of disinfectants and sanitizers, for use in industrial, institutional, agricultural, food, beverage and domestic disinfection applications. VANTOCIL IB is a 20% aqueous solution of poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride also known as PHMB. Poly (hexamethylene biguanide)hydrochloride (PHMB),Vantocıl IB, An effective preservative for formulations containing non-ionic or cationic ingredients, such as PVA & VAEemulsion polymers, silicone emulsions, PVA & starch based adhesives, and certain types of rheology modifiers Rapid, non-formaldehdye mechanism. Vantocil IB by Lonza is an aqueous solution. It is highly effective preservative for use in a wide variety of applications including oil-inwater and water-in-oil emulsions, industrial reagents, silicone systems, cellulose solutions and oil recovery systems. Can also be used to preserve aqueous based adhesives (such as animal glues, latex adhesives based on polyvinyl acetate, PVA, starch, dextrin, casein and other glues, and latex adhesives intended for food packaging applications). Recommended usage level of Vantocil IB is 500-5000 ppm. This product can be used alone or in combination with other biocides to create products for a wide range of disinfection applications. It is a broad-spectrum, fast-acting bactericide that can be used in various formulations for disinfectants and sanitizers. The Vantocil IB product can be used for industrial, institutional, agricultural, food and beverage, and pool and spa water treatment applications as well as domestic disinfection applications. This product is a 20% aqueous solution of poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride, also known as PHMB. The combination of the different modes of biocidal action reduces the risk of bacterial resistance, and the product is effective in a wide range of industrial disinfection applications. Disinfection by fumigation or fogging is commonly practiced in areas, which require a high degree of hygiene control. This disinfection encompasses control of microorganisms in air as well as on surface. The process of disinfection involves the use of antimicrobial chemicals or biocides to kill viable microorganisms. In the present study, the efficacy of biocide Vantocil-IB as an aerial and surface disinfectant was determined. Solution of Vantocil-IB was fogged in to a room with help of mechanical fogger and the aerial and surface microbial load was determined before and after fogging. Vantocil-IB at 0.2 gm% concentration showed significant reduction in the number of viable microorganisms in air and on the surface of the room. A contact time of 1hour and a fogging time of 20-25 minutes proved effective in reducing the number of microorganisms to safe level. Study of a biocide [Vantocil-IB] for aerial and surface disinfection. Immersion of freshly processed poultry carcasses in solutions of poly(hexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride), PHMB,VANTOCIL IB, retarded bacterial growth and markedly improved the shelf-life during storage at 2 C.Birds treated with 200, 300, and 400 ppm PHMB had average shelf-livesof 22.9, 25.9, and 26.0 days, respectively, compared to the 10.5 days ofshelf-life for water-treated controls. Duncan's multiple range testrevealed that the shelf-life differences among PHMB-treated birds were not statistically significant. VANTOCIL IB is a 20% aqueous solution of poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride, also known as PHMB. The combination of the different modes of biocidal action reduces the risk of bacterial resistance, and the products are effective in a wide range of industrial disinfection applications. The levels of VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial to prevent thegrowth of problem micro-organisms are listed in Table 1.MICs do not represent effective use levels but do indicatethe intrinsic broad spectrum of activity of VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial.VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial has a non-specific mode ofbiocidal action which means that bacterial resistance is veryunlikely to occur. Detailed information on the mode ofaction of VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial is available onrequest. VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial can be used alone or incombination with other biocides to create products for awide range of disinfection applications. Considerable data exists which provides a measure of theintrinsic anti-microbial activity of VANTOCIL IBAntimicrobial, generated via European suspension testprotocols relevant to application in Food, Industrial,Domestic and Institutional Hygiene.Its activity has been further demonstrated under conditionsrepresentative of practical use, and a range of useconcentrations is provided in Table 3. However, it isrecommended that field tests under practical conditions beundertaken to determine the most cost-effective dose foryour application.This data and information on the compatibility of VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial with a range of formulating chemicals is available on request. VANTOCIL IB is a liquid antimicrobial agent. Used in conjunction with Proxel GXL to prevent bacterial attack during brine curing; and for short term preservation of fresh hides. As a quick kill bactericide Vantocil quickly lowers the bacterial count in the raceway and on the hides, and results in a more bacteria free hide which then can be treated with a longer term bactericide such as Proxel GXL. Vantocil ib polymeric biguanide; a preservative for coatings raw materials including silicone emulsions, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate; quick kill, broad spectrum antimicrobial activity; pale yellow liquid; odorless. The polychaete Platynereis dumerilii (Polychaeta: Nereidae) has been evaluated as a candidate bioassay species for marine ecotoxicity testing. The species conforms with many of the requirements of an ideal bioassay organism in that (i) it is amenable to laboratory culture, (ii) its relatively small size makes it convenient for handling and laboratory exposure studies, (iii) its diet is defined and can be controlled, (iv) it reproduces throughout the year and, using photoperiod manipulation, can be induced to spawn as required, and (v) it has a short life cycle (approximately 3 months at 20°C) making it feasible to study the effects of xenobiotics on chronic endpoints such as reproduction. The components of the life history which have been examined to date include fertilization rate, embryo-larval development, and larval survival. These life stages were evaluated using the reference materials used in the 1991 International Paris Commission (PARCOM) Ring Test (namely, the biocides, Bioban P-1487 and Vantocil IB, and the widely used reference toxicant, 3,5-dichlorophenol). For fertilization rate, the median effect concentrations (1-h EC50 values) were 0.32 mg · liter−1 for Bioban P-1487, 1.99 mg · liter−1 for 3,5-dichlorophenol, and 9.66 mg · liter−1 for Vantocil IB. For embryo-larval development, the median effect concentrations (48-h EC50 values) were 0.29 mg · liter−1 for Bioban P-1487, 2.13 mg · liter−1 for 3,5-dichlorophenol, and 4.81 mg · liter−1 for Vantocil IB. For larval survival, the median lethal concentrations (48-h LC50 values) were 0.32 mg · liter−1 for Bioban P-1487, 3.64 mg · liter−1 for 3,5-dichlorophenol, and 10.9 mg · liter−1 for Vantocil IB. These results (all based on nominal values) suggest that, for these reference materials, the early life stages of P. dumerilii are of similar sensitivity to other marine invertebrate species. Together with the amenability of this species to laboratory culture, these data suggest that P. dumerilii has significant potential for use in marine ecotoxicity testing. PHMB (Vantocil) acts as disinfectant and preservative. It typically exhibits goodbactericidal activity but slower fungicidal and acanthamoebicide activity and provides long term storage capability for the lens. The usual disinfection time is 4-6 hours. The multipurpose solution containing Polyhexanide or PHMB (Vantocil) meets FDA and ISO primary standards. The effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and vantocil IB on the viability of Providencia stuartii strains are described. Exposure of Prov. stuartii strains to different concentrations of chlorhexidine in broth culture resulted in a decrease in viability over the first 6 h, followed by regrowth. During incubation, bacteria adhered to the surface of the culture vessel and multiplied despite the presence of a bactericidal concentration of the drug in the medium. It is concluded that the phenomenon of ‘regrowth’ results from adhesion to glass containers and the subsequent dispersal of some of these cells into the culture medium. With the objective of characterizing the occurrence of red leg in Minas Gerais, young and adult frogs with foot and finger ulcers, hemorrhagic effusion on the skin of the ventral region, motor incoordination, high mortality rates in adults and abscesses to necropsy. In the culture of fragments of damaged skin and abscesses, Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated and identified . The bactericidal effect of VANTOCIL IB was higher than potassium permanganate, determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration for isolated colonies. The actions of chlorhexidine, cetrimide and Vantocil (the hydrochloride of a polymeric biguanide) on bacteria and spheroplasts or protoplasts derived therefrom have been compared. Lysis of Escherichia coli spheroplasts by chlorhexidine or cetrimide is due to rupture of the cytoplasmic membrane. Membranes ruptured with cetrimide can reform to give small, empty envelopes. With increasing concentrations of cetrimide or chlorhexidine more and more granules appear in the cytoplasm, increasing in size with increasing concentration, until the structure becomes transformed to a granular body similar in size to the original spheroplast. With chlorhexidine or Vantocil this now electron‐dense body is rigid, but with cetrimide it collapses to a flat disc which does not lyse. The granules appear to consist of coagulated cytoplasm. This effect of excess of these antiseptics not only prevents osmotic lysis of the spheroplast or the collapsed disc but renders them immune to lysis by a variety of chemical agents. In isolated cytoplasm, chlorhexidine or cetrimide causes precipitation over a narrow range of concentrations but greater than those required for lysis. With Vantocil precipitation occurs gradually over a wide range of concentrations, starting at concentrations equal to those which cause a limited amount of lysis of the spheroplast or a relatively small increase in permeability of intact bacteria. Lanthanous and uranyl ions also precipitate cell contents but do not lyse spheroplasts; spheroplasts treated with these ions are protected from lysis by other agents. VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial is a bactericide manufactured by Excel Industries Limited. PROPERTIES: VANTOCIL IB is a broad spectrum, fast acting bactericide for the formulation disinfectants and sanitisers, for use in industrial, institution , agriculture, food beverage and domestic disinfection applications. VANTOCIL IB is a 20% aqueous solution of poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrocloride, also known as PHMB. Composition: An aqueous solution of PHMB. Physical form: It is a slighty opalesscent colorless to pale yellow liquid of pH 4.0-4.5 and density (at 25øC) 1.14 Application: VANTOCIL IB is effective in a wide range of industrial disinfection applications , primarily as a solid surface disinfectant. application areas include: ? Hospitals ? Institutions ?Veterynary Establishment ? Dairies ? Milking parlours ? Poultry hatcheries ? Food processing plants ? Breweries ? Pasteurisers in canned food & beverage bottling plants ? Yoghurt fermentation ? Air-Conditioning units ? Cheese moulds ? Beer glass cleaner VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial manufacturer is Excel Industries Limited but there can be plenty of supplier for supplying or exporting of VANTOCIL IB Antimicrobial substitute or equivalent. Such substitute chemicals are usually of same chemistry types and can benefit the user in economical aspects. APPLICATIONS •Hospitals •Institutions •Veterinary establishments •Diaries •Milking parlors •Poultry hatcheries •Food processing plants •Breweries •Pasteurizes in canned food & beverage bottling plants •Yoghurt fermentation •Air-conditioning units •Cheese molds •Beer glass cleaners BENEFITS: • Rapid bactericidal action, in low concentrations, effective against gram positive and negative bacteria. In higher dosage, effective against fungi and yeasts; • Low toxicity to humans; • Maintains activity in the presence of organic matter; • Low foam, suitable for CIP systems and pasteurization processes; • Soluble in hot or cold water; • Active against viruses; • Compatible with acid formulations or alkaline detergents; • Low corrosivity, and can be used on surfaces of different materials; • Stable in the presence of hard water and high temperatures; • Stable and effective in the pH range from 1 to 11. The active ingredient, PHMB, is thermally stable and non-volatile, with bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal activity. It does not leave spots on the surfaces, it has low formation of foam, of easy rinsing, besides not changing the organoleptic properties

pétrolatum, gelée de pétrole, No CAS: 8009-03-8, La vaseline officinale est un médicament ; il s'agit d'une pommade employée comme traitement d'appoint des lésions d'irritation, de brûlure et de sécheresse cutanée. Son utilisation la plus célèbre est la forme utilisée pour le soin des lèvres et pour le traitement de la chéilite ou de la perlèche. En effet, elle est pratiquement inerte à la peau et n'entre dans aucune réaction chimique. Elle favorise la cicatrisation des lésions par sa propriété à ne pas laisser l'eau s'évaporer ni à y entrer comme dans le cas d'une plaie endo-nasale qui est en permanence humide et donc difficilement cicatrisable ou dans le traitement d'une épistaxis. Elle agit comme barrière mécanique contre la pullulation des germes, et la présence de phénols, même à quantité minime, agit comme bactéricide. Elle entre aussi dans la composition de la majorité des lotions en cosmétique, utilisée comme excipient. À cause de ses propriétés moléculaires, la vaseline est utilisée comme écran solaire qui filtre certains ultraviolets.(Keerulise koostisega süsivesinike segu, mis saadakse pooltahke massina parafiinse jääkõli deparafiinimisel. Koosneb peamiselt küllastunud kristalsetest ja vedelatest süsivesinikest, mille süsiniku aatomite arv on valdavalt üle C25.) (et) (Složeni sastav ugljikovodika dobiven kao polukruta tvar kod odvoštavanja parafinskog ostatnog ulja. Sastoji se pretežito od zasićenih kristaličnih i tekućih ugljikovodika koji imaju broj ugljikovih atoma pretežito viši od C25.) (hr) [Kompleks blanding av hydrokarboner dannet som halvfast stoff fra avvoksing av parafinrestolje. Består for det meste av mettede, krystallinske og flytende hydrokarboner hovedsakelig større enn C25.] (no) [Komplekss ogļūdeņražu savienojums, ko iegūst kā biezu masu, atdalot vaskus no parafīnu atlikuma eļļas. Pārsvarā tajā ir piesātināti kristāliski un šķidri ogļūdeņraži, kuros oglekļa atomu skaits galvenokārt ir lielāks nekā C25.] (lv) [Komplexe Kombination von Kohlenwasserstoffen, die als Semifeststoff beim Entwachsen von paraffinhaltigem Rückstandsöl erhalten wird. Besteht vorherrschend aus gesättigten kristallinen und flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit Kohlenstoffzahlen vorherrschend größer als C25.] (de) [Komplexná zmes uhľovodíkov získavaná v podobe polotuhej látky odvoskovaním alkánového zvyškového oleja. Pozostáva predovšetkým z nasýtených kryštalických a kvapalných uhľovodíkov, s počtom atómov uhlíka prevažne väčším ako C25.] (sk) [O combinaţie complexă de hidrocarburi, obţinuta ca semisolid prin deparafinarea uleiurilor reziduale parafinice. Se compune în principal din hidrocarburi saturate cristaline şi lichide cu număr de atomi de carbon mai mare de C25.] (ro) [Paraffinos maradék olajból viaszmentesítéssel, félig szilárd anyagként előállított, bonyolult összetételű szénhidrogén elegy. Főleg C25 fölötti szénatomszámú, telített, kristályos és folyékony szénhidrogéneket tartalmaz.] (hu) [Složitá směs uhlovodíků získaná jako polotuhá látka z odparafinování zbytkového oleje z parafinické ropy. Je složena převážně z nasycených krystalických a kapalných uhlovodíků s počtem uhlíkových atomů převážně větším než C12.] (cs) [sudėtingas angliavandenilių mišinys, gautas kaip pusiau kieta medžiaga deparafinuojant parafino alyvos likutį. Jo svarbiausi komponentai yra sotieji kristaliniai ir skystieji angliavandeniliai, turintys daugiausiai daugiau negu C25 anglies atomus.] (lt) [Комплексна комбинация от въглеводороди, получена като полутвърдо вещество от депарафинизирането на остатъчен суров парафин. Състои се основно от наситени кристални и течни въглеводороди с брой на въглеродните атоми преобладаващо по-голям от С25.] (bg) Amorfni parafin (hr) Combinación compleja de hidrocarburos obtenidos como un semisólido de la desparafinación del aceite residual parafínico. Compuesta fundamentalmente de hidrocarburos saturados líquidos y cristalinos con un número de carbonos en su mayor parte superior a C25. (es) Combinaison complexe d'hydrocarbures obtenue sous forme semi-solide lors du déparaffinage d'huile résiduelle paraffinique. Se compose principalement d'hydrocarbures saturés cristallins et liquides dont le nombre de carbones est en majorité supérieur à C25. (fr) Combinazione complessa di idrocarburi, ottenuta in forma semisolida dalla deparaffinazione di olio residuo paraffinico. AE costituito in prevalenza da indrocarburi liquidi e cristallini saturi con numero di atomi di carbonio prevalentemente superiore a C25. (it) Een complexe verzameling van koolwaterstoffen, verkregen als een halfvaste stof bv het van was ontdoen van paraffinische residu-olie. Het bestaat voornamelvk uit verzadigde kristallvne en vloeibare koolwaterstoffen, overwegend groter dan C25. (nl) En sammensat blanding af carbonhydrider udvundet som et halvfast stof fra afvoksning af paraffinrestolie. Den består overvejende af mættede krystallinske og flydende carbonhydrider, overvejende større end C25. (da) Kompleksna kombinacija poltrdih ogljikovodikov dobljenihpri deparafinizaciji parafinskih rezidualnih olj. Sestavljenaje predvsem iz nasičenih kristalnih in tekočihogljikovodikov, ki imajo število ogljikov pretežno večjekot C25. (sl) Petrolaatum (et) Petrolato (it) Petrolatos (pt) Petrolatum (cs) Petrolátum (hu) pretolato (pt) Pétrolatum (fr) Uma combinação complexa de hidrocarbonetos obtida como um semi-sólido na desparafinagem de óleo residual parafínico. BE constituída predominantemente por hidrocarbonetos saturados cristalinos e líquidos com números de átomos de carbono predominantemente superiores a C25. (pt) vaezlin (sl) Vaseliini (fi) Vaselin (da) Vaselina (es) vazelin (sl) vazelinas (lt) vazelīns (lv) Wazelina (pl) Złożona mieszanina węglowodorów otrzymywana jako substancja półpłynna przez odparafinowanie parafinowego oleju pozostałościowego. Składa się przede wszystkim z nasyconych krystalicznych i ciekłych węglowodorów o liczbie atomów węgla głównie powyżej C25. (pl) Ββαζελίνη (el) Петролатум (bg) Петролатум (вазелин) (bg)

Вантоцил IB, также известный как PHMB или полигексанид, представляет собой хорошо растворимый в воде и гидролитически стабильный полимерный материал.
Vantocil IB - это полимер, используемый в качестве антисептика.
Наличие нескольких водородных связей и сайтов хелатирования в Vantocil IB делает его потенциально интересным в области супрамолекулярной химии.

Номер CAS: 28757-47-3
Молекулярная формула: C8H19N5.ClH
Молекулярный вес: 221,734
Номер ЕС: 923-111-4

Вантоцил IB проявляет активность как против грамположительных, так и против грамотрицательных бактерий и широко используется в нескольких секторах, как правило, в виде гидрохлоридной соли, в различных дезинфицирующих растворах и антисептиках.
Vantocil IB доступен также в твердом виде.

Vantocil IB - это вещество, используемое в промышленных, институциональных, сельскохозяйственных, пищевых продуктах, напитках и домашних дезинфекциях.
Vantocil IB - это быстродействующий бактерицид широкого спектра действия для дезинфицирующих средств и дезинфицирующих составов.

Vantocil IB, часто сокращенно PHMB, представляет собой полимер с антимикробными свойствами.
Он относится к классу противомикробных агентов, известных как бигуаниды.
Vantocil IB используется в различных областях, в первую очередь в качестве дезинфицирующего средства, консерванта и биоцида.

Vantocil IB привлек внимание своей эффективностью против широкого спектра микроорганизмов, включая бактерии, вирусы и грибки.
Вантоцил IB состоит из повторяющихся звеньев гексаметиленбигуанида, который представляет собой бигуанидное соединение с несколькими функциональными группами гуанидина.

Vantocil IB специфическая химическая структура может варьироваться в зависимости от степени полимеризации.
Vantocil IB - это структура, которая также используется в дерматологии.
Вантоцил IB является эффективным полимером против некоторых недугов.

Вантоцил IB (полигексаметиленбигуанид, PHMB) представляет собой полимер, используемый в качестве дезинфицирующего и антисептического средства.
В дерматологическом использовании он пишется как Vantocil IB (INN) и продается под названиями Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan и Omnicide.
Было показано, что Vantocil IB эффективен против Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, энтерококков и Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Продукты, содержащие Vantocil IB, используются для межоперационного орошения, пред- и послеоперационной дезинфекции кожи и слизистых оболочек, послеоперационных перевязок, хирургических и нехирургических повязок на раны, хирургической ванны / гидротерапии, хронических ран, таких как диабетическая язва стопы и лечение ожоговых ран, рутинной антисептики во время незначительных разрезов, катетеризации, оказания первой помощи, дезинфекции поверхностей и дезинфекции белья.

Глазные капли Vantocil IB использовались для лечения глаз, пораженных акантамебным кератитом.
Заинтересованные стороны, включая производителей, регулирующие органы и потребителей, играют определенную роль в обеспечении ответственного использования продуктов на основе Vantocil IB и смягчении потенциального воздействия на окружающую среду.

Молекулярный вес: 185,27
XLogP3-AA: 0,5
Точная масса: 185.16404563
Моноизотопная масса: 185.16404563
Топологическая площадь полярной поверхности: 103 Ų
Количество тяжелых атомов: 13
Цвет: белый порошок или бесцветная жидкость
Форма: жидкость
Внешний вид: бесцветное или светло-желтое твердое вещество
Действующее вещество: ≥99%
Растворим в воде: 100% растворим
Запах: легкий запах аммиака
Содержание влаги: ≤0,5%
Нерастворимое в воде вещество: ≤0,1%
рН в 1% водном растворе: >1

Vantocil IB от Arxada представляет собой водный раствор.
Vantocil IB является высокоэффективным консервантом для использования в широком спектре применений, включая эмульсии масло-в-воде и воде-в-масле, промышленные реагенты, силиконовые системы, целлюлозные растворы и системы извлечения нефти.
Может также использоваться для консервирования клеев на водной основе (таких как клеи животного происхождения, латексные клеи на основе поливинилацетата, ПВС, крахмала, декстрина, казеина и других клеев, а также латексные клеи, предназначенные для упаковки пищевых продуктов).

Рекомендуемый уровень использования Vantocil IB составляет 500-5000 ppm.
Вантоцил IB входит в состав средств, применяемых для дезинфекции кожи и слизистых оболочек до и после операции.
Вантоцил IB является жизнеспособным с медицинской точки зрения соединением, используемым для послеоперационных перевязок, хирургических и нехирургических повязок на раны.

Вантоцил IB является важным веществом, используемым при хронических ранах, таких как язвы стопы и ожоги.
Антимикробная активность Vantocil IB проистекает из его способности нарушать целостность мембран микробных клеток, что приводит к лизису и гибели клеток.
Он эффективен как против грамположительных, так и против грамотрицательных бактерий, а также вирусов и грибков.

Vantocil IB Antimicrobial - это быстродействующий бактерицид широкого спектра действия для приготовления дезинфицирующих и дезинфицирующих средств.
Вантоцил IB представляет собой 20% водный раствор гидрохлорида поли (гексаметиленбигуанида) (PHMB).
Vantocil IB Antimicrobial производится для использования в промышленных, институциональных, сельскохозяйственных, пищевых продуктах, напитках и бытовой дезинфекции, в первую очередь в качестве дезинфицирующего средства для твердых поверхностей, особенно для больниц, ветеринарных учреждений, молочных заводов, доильных залов, пивоваренных заводов, кондиционеров и пастеризаторов на заводах по розливу консервов и напитков.

Антимикробная активность Vantocil IB имеет широкий спектр, что делает его эффективным против широкого спектра микроорганизмов.
Он имеет относительно низкий профиль токсичности при использовании в соответствующих концентрациях.
Вантоцил IB может оказывать длительное действие, обеспечивая расширенную защиту от роста микробов.

Антимикробный механизм Vantocil IB включает его взаимодействие с мембранами микробных клеток.
Положительно заряженные гуанидиновые группы в молекулах Vantocil IB притягиваются к отрицательно заряженным компонентам мембран микробных клеток.

Это взаимодействие нарушает целостность клеточной мембраны, что приводит к утечке клеточного содержимого, нарушению клеточных процессов и, в конечном итоге, гибели клеток.
Вантоцил IB продемонстрировал эффективность против широкого спектра микроорганизмов, в том числе; Грамположительные и грамотрицательные бактерии, оболочечные и безоболочечные вирусы, грибы и дрожжи.
Эта активность широкого спектра действия способствует ее полезности в различных приложениях, где требуется защита от нескольких типов микроорганизмов.

В медицинских учреждениях решения на основе IB Vantocil используются для; дезинфекция поверхностей в больницах, клиниках и лабораториях, дезинфекция медицинского оборудования и приборов, уход за ранами и профилактика инфекции в хронических ранах.
Vantocil IB выпускается в различных составах, включая водные растворы, гели, кремы и порошки.
Эти составы предназначены для конкретных применений, таких как уход за ранами, дезинфекция поверхностей и обработка текстиля.

Концентрация Vantocil IB в продуктах может варьироваться в зависимости от предполагаемого использования.
Например, средства для ухода за ранами могут иметь более высокие концентрации для обеспечения эффективной антимикробной активности, в то время как потребительские товары могут иметь более низкие концентрации для совместимости с кожей.
Механизм действия Vantocil IB, который нацелен на клеточную мембрану, отличается от многих традиционных антибиотиков.

Уникальный механизм действия Vantocil IB снижает вероятность устойчивости к антибиотикам.
Потенциал Vantocil IB в борьбе с устойчивыми к антибиотикам бактериями привлек внимание как ценная альтернатива в инфекционном контроле.
Vantocil IB используется в продуктах по уходу за ранами, включая перевязочные материалы, гели и растворы.

Vantocil IB помогает предотвратить инфекции как в острых, так и в хронических ранах, способствуя заживлению и снижая риск осложнений.
Антимикробная активность широкого спектра действия Vantocil IB делает его эффективным против различных микроорганизмов, обычно встречающихся в ранах.

Текстиль, обработанный Vantocil IB, нашел применение в различных отраслях промышленности, от здравоохранения до спортивной одежды.
В медицинских учреждениях ткани, обработанные Vantocil IB, способствуют инфекционному контролю, снижая риск бактериального загрязнения и образования биопленки на текстиле, используемом в больницах и клиниках.

Использует
Vantocil IB - это экологически чистый катионный полимер.
Vantocil IB растворим в воде, водный раствор не имеет цвета и запаха, широкого спектра действия, высокой эффективности, низкой токсичности, хорошей стабильности, негорючего и взрывоопасного.
Обычно не вызывает коррозии нержавеющей стали, нержавеющей меди, углеродистой стали, дерева, пластика и т. Д.

Vantocil IB представляет собой высокомолекулярный полимер, который плохо впитывается тканями, не оказывает коррозионного действия, обладает хорошей стабильностью и легко смывается, обладает хорошей биосовместимостью.
Vantocil IB используется в медицинских учреждениях в качестве дезинфицирующего средства для поверхностей, медицинского оборудования и средств по уходу за ранами.
Раневые повязки, содержащие Vantocil IB, используются для предотвращения инфекции и способствуют заживлению хронических ран.

Vantocil IB содержится в некоторых продуктах личной гигиены, таких как антибактериальное мыло, шампуни и средства для мытья тела.
Vantocil IB используется в качестве консерванта в косметике и туалетных принадлежностях для предотвращения роста вредных микроорганизмов.
Vantocil IB используется для дезинфекции поверхностей, оборудования и инструментов в медицинских учреждениях для снижения риска инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи.

Раневые повязки и растворы, содержащие Vantocil IB, используются для профилактики инфекций в хронических и острых ранах, способствуя заживлению.
Vantocil IB содержится в антибактериальном мыле, средствах для мытья тела и дезинфицирующих средствах для рук для личной гигиены.
Vantocil IB служит консервантом в косметике и туалетных принадлежностях, предотвращая рост вредных микроорганизмов и продлевая срок годности продукта.

Текстиль, обработанный Vantocil IB, включая одежду, постельное белье и медицинские ткани, помогает контролировать рост микробов, уменьшать запахи и улучшать гигиену ткани.
Спортивная одежда и спортивная одежда, обработанная Vantocil IB, устойчива к бактериям, вызывающим запах, что делает ее идеальной для занятий спортом.

Vantocil IB используется для контроля роста бактерий и водорослей в плавательных бассейнах и спа-салонах, способствуя гигиене и безопасности воды.
Составы на основе Vantocil IB используются в чистящих средствах для поверхностей, оборудования и зон, где необходима антимикробная защита.
Вантоцил IB иногда используется в ветеринарных учреждениях для ухода за ранами и гигиены у животных.

Vantocil IB можно найти в различных потребительских товарах, таких как бытовые дезинфицирующие средства, чистящие салфетки и спреи для тканей.
Vantocil IB может быть включен в продукты на водной основе для обеспечения антимикробных свойств.
Это включает в себя различные жидкие составы и водные растворы.

Vantocil IB используется в качестве противомикробного средства для текстиля, включая одежду, постельное белье и медицинские ткани.
Это помогает предотвратить рост бактерий и микробов, вызывающих запах, которые могут привести к деградации ткани.

Vantocil IB используется в бассейнах, спа-салонах и системах очистки воды для контроля роста бактерий и водорослей.
Составы на основе Vantocil IB используются в чистящих средствах для обеспечения антимикробной защиты на различных поверхностях.

Соображения безопасности:
Хотя Vantocil IB обычно считается безопасным при использовании в соответствии с рекомендациями, важно соблюдать рекомендуемые концентрации и меры предосторожности, чтобы избежать любых потенциальных побочных эффектов.
Вантоцил IB считается безопасным для различных применений при использовании в рекомендуемых концентрациях и рекомендациях.

Vantocil IB имеет относительно низкий потенциал вызывать раздражение кожи при использовании по назначению.
Регулирующие органы в разных регионах предоставляют рекомендации по использованию Vantocil IB в различных приложениях, обеспечивая безопасность для потребителей и окружающей среды.

Экологические соображения:
Воздействие Vantocil IB на окружающую среду зависит от таких факторов, как его стойкость, способность к биоаккумуляции и биоразлагаемость.
Были дискуссии о его потенциальных экологических последствиях, особенно при использовании в высоких концентрациях или при выбросе в окружающую среду.

Синонимы
полигексанид
28757-47-3
Бакасил
Космосил
Лавасепт
ПГМБ
Полимер PHMB
полигексанида гидрохлорид
полигексаметиленбигуанид
полигексаметилен-бигуанид
полигексаметиленбигуанид
поли (гексаметиленбигуанид)
полигексаметиленбигуанид
Вантоцил IB гидрохлорид
полигексаметиленбигуанида гидрохлорид
Вантосил ИБ
Поли (иминокарбонимидойлиминокарбонимидойлимино-1,6-гександиил)
поли (иминокарбонимидоилиминокарбонимидойлимин-1,6-гександиил) гидрохлорид
Вантосил
Vantocil IB из Vantocil
C031233

Petrolatum, melting range 45 - 60;Petrolatum Yollew vaseline;pennsolinesoftyellow;penrecowhite;perfecta;petrolatumusp;protopet,alba;protopet,white1s cas no: 8009-03-8

VECTOR 4111 A VECTOR 4111 Technical Datasheet VECTOR 4111 is a linear, pure SIS copolymer. Used for tape adhesives. Offers good purity and consistency, and high performance properties. Improves shear strength, heat resistance and aging resistance and color stability under thermal stress. VECTOR 4111 can be combined with hydrocarbon resins. Product Type Styrene Block Copolymers, SBC (SBS, SEBS, SEPS, SIS) > Styrene Isoprene Rubbers (SIS) Chemical Composition Styrene Isoprene Styrene Copolymer Physical Form Pellets VECTOR 4111 is a linear, pure SIS copolymer. Used for tape adhesives. Offers good purity and consistency, and high performance properties. Improves shear strength, heat resistance and aging resistance and color stability under thermal stress. VECTOR 4111 can be combined with hydrocarbon resins. Product Description Linear SIS (1) triblock copolymer. Contains <1% diblock copolymer. Low styrene, low modulus. VECTOR 4111A and VECTOR 4111N styrenic block copolymers are linear triblock copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. They are the softest pure triblock copolymers offered and show outstanding melt processability and elasticity, making them well-suited for use in elastomer compounds and polymer modification applications. The pure triblock also makes them well-suited for use in high shear, pressure sensitive adhesive applications. General Material Status Commercial: Active Features Block Copolymer Excellent Processability High Elasticity Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution Soft Uses Adhesives Plastics Modification Forms Pellets Physical Nominal Value Unit Test Method Density / Specific Gravity ASTM D792 Apparent (Bulk) Density g/cm³ ASTM D1895 Melt Mass-Flow Rate (MFR) (200°C/5.0 kg) g/10 min ASTM D1238 Bound Styrene % Internal Method Ash Content wt% ASTM D5630 Solution Viscosity - in 25 wt% Toluene (77°F) mPa·s ASTM D2196 Elastomers Nominal Value Unit Test Method Tensile Stress 2 (300% Strain) psi ISO 37 Tensile Stress 2 (Break) psi ISO 37 Tensile Elongation 2 (Break) % ISO 37 Hardness Nominal Value Unit Test Method Durometer Hardness (Shore A, 1 sec) ASTM D2240 Additional Information Nominal Value Unit Test Method Diblock Content wt% Internal Method Features Features may also be described by the following terms: Block Copolymer, High Elasticity, Highly Elastic, Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution, Narrow MW Distribution, Excellent Processability. Uses Uses may also be described by the following terms: Plastics Modification, Plastic Modification. VECTOR 4211A Datasheet Styrene Isoprene Styrene Block Copolymer Product Description Linear SIS triblock copolymer. Contains <1% diblock copolymer. Medium styrene, medium modulus. VECTOR 4211A and VECTOR 4211N styrenic block copolymers are linear triblock copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. They have a higher styrene content and higher modulus than VECTOR 4111A SIS, making them well-suited for use in elastomer compounds, polymer modification applications and pressure sensitive adhesive applications requiring high cohesion. VECTOR 4211A SIS is offered as a dense pellet supplied from the United States. VECTOR 4211N SIS is offered as a porous pellet supplied from China. General Material Status Commercial: Active Availability North America Features Block Copolymer Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution Uses Adhesives Plastics Modification Forms Pellets Physical Nominal Value Unit Test Method Density / Specific Gravity ASTM D792 Apparent (Bulk) Density g/cm³ ASTM D1895 Melt Mass-Flow Rate (MFR) (200°C/5.0 kg) g/10 min ASTM D1238 Bound Styrene % Internal Method Ash Content wt% Solution Viscosity - in 25 wt% Toluene (77°F) mPa·s ASTM D2196 Elastomers Nominal Value Unit Test Method Tensile Stress 2 (300% Strain) psi ISO 37 Tensile Stress 2 (Break) psi ISO 37 Tensile Elongation 2 (Break) % ISO 37 Hardness Nominal Value Unit Test Method Durometer Hardness (Shore A, 1 sec, Compression Molded) ASTM D2240 Additional Information Nominal Value Unit Test Method Diblock Content wt% Internal Method Features Features may also be described by the following terms: Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution, Narrow MW Distribution, Block Copolymer. Uses Uses may also be described by the following terms: Plastics Modification, Plastic Modification.

ОПИСАНИЕ:
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) — мягкое анионное поверхностно-активное вещество.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) представляет собой натриевую соль кокосо-2-сульфоэтиловых эфиров жирных кислот.
SCI 85 отлично подходит для использования в средствах личной гигиены.

Номер CAS, 61789-32-0 / 58969-27-0
Номер EINECS/ELINCS:, 263-052-5
Химическое название/ИЮПАК: Жирные кислоты, кокос, 2-сульфоэтиловые эфиры, натриевые соли.
ЗАКРЫТИЕ REF No:, 79383



СИНОНИМЫ VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛ ИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ):
Сульфонат кокоилэтилового эфира натрия, 2-сульфоэтиловый эфир


Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) — это ингредиент природного происхождения, полученный из жирных кислот, содержащихся в изетионовой кислоте и кокосовом масле.
Эти жирные кислоты вступают в реакцию с изетионатом натрия и смесь нагревают для удаления оставшейся воды.
Далее смесь перегоняют для удаления излишков жирных кислот.
В необработанном виде кокоилизетионат натрия представляет собой мелкий белый порошок.


Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) представляет собой очень мягкое поверхностно-активное вещество с самым высоким содержанием активного вещества, что делает его предпочтительным выбором для разработчиков рецептур, поскольку норма использования ниже, что дает возможность добавлять дополнительные ингредиенты для настройки рецептур.

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate – мягкое поверхностно-активное вещество, полученное из кокоса.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) можно использовать в различных косметических рецептах.
Кокоилизетиониат натрия (SCI) действует как пенообразующий и очищающий ингредиент.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) придает коже ощущение мягкости и шелковистости.
Это ингредиент, используемый в таких продуктах, как мыло, бомбочки для ванн, пузырьки и шампуни. Рекомендуемая норма использования: 3%-20%

Порошок кокоил-изетионата натрия представляет собой высокоэффективное анионное порошкообразное поверхностно-активное вещество, очень мягкое и полученное из возобновляемых растительных ресурсов.
Кроме того, Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) биоразлагаем.
Порошок SCI / кокоилизетионат натрия используется во многих областях.


ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ):

Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) представляет собой прежде всего поверхностно-активное вещество, которое нежно воздействует на поверхность и оказывает множество преимуществ для кожи и волос.
Таким образом, Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) широко используется в косметическом мире.

Уход за кожей:
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) отличается от других поверхностно-активных веществ тем, что не лишает кожу влаги, вызывая ощущение обезвоженности.
Вместо этого кокоил изетионат натрия образует густую пену, которая не сушит и не раздражает кожу при нанесении.

Уход за волосами:
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) образует густую кремообразную пену, которая облегчает нанесение продуктов и делает их более приятными на ощупь.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) также тщательно очищает валы благодаря своей способности хорошо смешиваться как с маслом, так и с водой.

Косметическая продукция:
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) снижает поверхностное натяжение ингредиентов в рецептуре, позволяя им хорошо смешиваться.
Это предотвращает разделение ингредиентов на масляной и водной основе и обеспечивает равномерную консистенцию косметических продуктов.


Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется в шампунях.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется в гелях для душа.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется в жидком мыле.

Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется в пенных ваннах.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется в пенящемся мыле для бритья.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется в детских товарах.


Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется в батончиках Syndet.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется в средствах для снятия макияжа с глаз.


Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) рекомендуется использовать в системах, где необходимы низкие уровни жирных кислот; например, шампуни, гели для ванны и душа, жидкое мыло.

Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) используется, когда для диспергирования в определенных системах поверхностно-активных веществ может потребоваться среда и даже тепло.
Дополнительные шаги действительно того стоят ради отличных результатов.


Это замечательное поверхностно-активное вещество, с которым можно работать и делать продукты.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) получен из натурального кокосового масла.
Натурального происхождения и биоразлагаемый.

Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) оказывает мягкое воздействие на кожу и глаза.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) является отличным пенообразователем в жесткой и мягкой воде.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) Придает коже ощущение мягкости.





ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛ ИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ):
Кокоил изетионат натрия — это натуральный ингредиент, полученный из жирных кислот, которые присутствуют в изетионовой кислоте и кокосовом масле.
Эти жирные кислоты вступают в реакцию с изетионатом натрия и смесь нагревают для удаления оставшейся воды.
Далее смесь перегоняют для удаления излишков жирных кислот.


ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ):
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) — одна из лучших безсульфатных альтернатив, доступных на рынке.
Благодаря своим мягким очищающим свойствам и высокой пенообразующей способности он традиционно используется для изготовления твердых шампуней, кондиционеров, синдетов и бомбочек для ванн.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) отлично подходит для использования в продуктах для окрашенных волос.

Его особенность заключается в том, что он устойчив к жесткой воде и, следовательно, предотвращает образование накипи, что гарантирует отсутствие остатков.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) довольно хорошо пенится при использовании в качестве самостоятельной основы поверхностно-активного вещества и, следовательно, обеспечивает ощущение очистки.

Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) обеспечивает красивую, нежную пену «кружевной перчатки» для наших продуктов.
Он также имеет естественную кислотность, поэтому Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) помогает нашим конечным продуктам иметь благоприятный для кожи уровень pH с меньшей регулировкой (или без нее).


Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) оказывает очень слабое раздражение.
Везде, где нужна мягкость и насыщенная густая пена.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) является отличным пенообразователем.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) представляет собой богатую и обильную стабильную пену.


Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) обладает смазывающей способностью.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) является биоразлагаемым.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) придает коже ощущение шелковистости.


Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат нат��ия) имеет кремовую текстуру и ощущение насыщенности.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) устойчив к жесткой воде.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) Не оставляет мыльной пены.

Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) имеет ограниченную растворимость в воде.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоилизетионат натрия) Смывается без остатка.
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) представляет собой удобную в использовании порошковую форму.



КАК РАБОТАЕТ VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛ ИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ)?:
Vegarol SCI 85 (кокоил изетионат натрия) представляет собой поверхностно-активное вещество, имеющее гидрофобный алкильный хвост и гидрофильный сульфонат-анион.
Они помогают удалить грязь и сажу с поверхности, прикрепляясь к маслу/жиру и воде соответственно.


КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯ И РАСТВОРИМОСТЬ VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ):
Максимальная рекомендуемая концентрация для использования в различных рецептурах составляет до 40% при смываемых средствах и 17% при недействующих средствах.
Для повышения его растворимости в жидких моющих средствах можно использовать бетаин, неионогенные сахаристые ПАВ, глицерамиды, полигликозиды и т.д.

КАК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ):
Добавьте фазу поверхностно-активного вещества по вашему выбору.
Медленно нагревайте на слабом огне.
Перемешайте с помощью блендера с высоким усилием сдвига, чтобы предотвратить избыточное пенообразование.
Добавьте смесь поверхностно-активных веществ к остальной части состава.






ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛ ИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ):
Температура плавления: 191-194°С.
рН, 6,0-8,0
Растворимость, растворим в воде
Растворимость, 1 М HCl
Цвет: от белого до бледно-коричневого
Температура кипения, 314,29°С.
Пка, 2,2 (при 25℃)
БРН, 392441
Альфа, -11,65 º (c=5, DIL HCL/H2O 50/50)
Температура хранения. Хранить ниже +30°C.
Показатель преломления, -12° (С=5, 1моль/л HCl)
Форма, Порошок
Система регистрации веществ EPA, L-тирозин (60-18-4)
PH, 6,5 (0,1 г/л, H2O)
ФЕМА, 3736 | L-ТИРОЗИН
InChIKey, OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N
Фп, 176 °С
Плотность, 1,34
Номер JECFA, 1434
Растворимость в воде, 0,45 г/л (25 ºC)
Температура плавления, >300 °C (разл.) (лит.)
Мерк, 14,9839
Стабильность, Стабильный. Несовместим с сильными окислителями, сильными восстановителями.
Оптическая активность, [α]20/D 11,5±1,0°, с = 4% в 1 М HCl
Справочник по химии NIST, тирозин (60-18-4)
Справочник по базе данных CAS, 60-18-4 (Справочник по базе данных CAS)
INCI: кокоилизетионат натрия.
Анализ: 85%
Внешний вид: Белый порошок
Коэффициент использования: 1,0 – 20,0%
Растворимость: вода и жидкие поверхностно-активные вещества.
pH (5% в воде): 5,0 –7,0
Заряд: Анионный
Температура плавления: 179 – 180°C.
Название INCIКокоилизетионат натрия
Химическое название: жирные кислоты, натриевые соли 2-сульфоэтиловых эфиров кокоса.
Код ТН ВЭД3402.3990
Номер CAS61789-32-0
Форма продуктаГранулы
Регион происхожденияАзиатско-Тихоокеанский регион
Reach01-2119974104-40-XXXX
Группа продуктовИзетионаты




ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ПО БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ VEGAROL SCI 85 (КОКОИЛ ИЗЕТИОНАТ НАТРИЯ):
Меры первой помощи:
Описание мер первой помощи:
Общий совет:
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
Покажите этот паспорт безопасности лечащему врачу.
Выйдите из опасной зоны:

При вдыхании:
При вдыхании выведите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если нет дыхания проведите искусственную вентиляцию легких.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
При попадании на кожу:
Немедленно снять загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Смыть большим количеством воды с мылом.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.

При попадании в глаза:
Тщательно промойте большим количеством воды в течение не менее 15 минут и обратитесь к врачу.
Продолжайте промывать глаза во время транспортировки в больницу.

При проглатывании:
Не вызывает рвоту.
Никогда не давайте ничего перорально человеку, находящемуся без сознания.
Прополоскать рот водой.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.

Противопожарные меры:
Средства пожаротушения:
Подходящие средства пожаротушения:
Используйте водяной спрей, спиртостойкую пену, сухие химикаты или углекислый газ.
Особые опасности, исходящие от вещества или смеси
Оксиды углерода, Оксиды азота (NOx), Газообразный хлористый водород

Совет пожарным:
При необходимости наденьте автономный дыхательный аппарат для тушения пожара.
Меры при случайном высвобождении:
Меры личной безопасности, защитное снаряжение и действия в чрезвычайных ситуациях
Используйте средства индивидуальной защиты.

Избегайте вдыхания паров, тумана или газа.
Эвакуируйте персонал в безопасные места.

Экологические меры предосторожности:
Предотвратите дальнейшую утечку или разлив, если это безопасно.
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
Необходимо избегать попадания в окружающую среду.

Методы и материалы для локализации и очистки:
Промочить инертным абсорбирующим материалом и утилизировать как опасные отходы.
Хранить в подходящих закрытых контейнерах для утилизации.

Обращение и хранение:
Меры предосторожности для безопасного обращения:
Избегайте вдыхания паров или тумана.

Условия безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:
Хранить контейнер плотно закрытым в сухом и хорошо проветриваемом месте.
Открытые контейнеры необходимо тщательно закрыть и хранить в вертикальном положении во избежание утечки.
Класс хранения (TRGS 510): 8А: Горючие, коррозионно-активные опасные материалы.

Контроль воздействия / личная защита:
Параметры управления:
Компоненты с параметрами контроля рабочего места
Не содержит веществ с предельно допустимыми значениями профессионального воздействия.
Средства контроля воздействия:
Соответствующие технические средства контроля:
Обращайтесь в соответствии с правилами промышленной гигиены и техники безопасности.
Мойте руки перед перерывами и в конце рабочего дня.

Средства индивидуальной защиты:
Защита глаз/лица:
Плотно прилегающие защитные очки.
Лицевой щиток (минимум 8 дюймов).
Используйте средства защиты глаз, протестированные и одобренные в соответствии с соответствующими государственными стандартами, такими как NIOSH (США) или EN 166 (ЕС).

Защита кожи:
Работайте в перчатках.
Перчатки необходимо проверять перед использованием.
Используйте подходящие перчатки
технику снятия (не касаясь внешней поверхности перчатки), чтобы избежать попадания продукта на кожу.
Утилизируйте загрязненные перчатки после использования в соответствии с действующим законодательством и надлежащей лабораторной практикой.
Вымойте и высушите руки.

Полный контакт:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Протестированный материал: Дерматрил (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, размер M)
Всплеск контакта
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Протестированный материал: Дерматрил (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, размер M)
Его не следует истолковывать как разрешение на какой-либо конкретный сценарий использования.

Защита тела:
Полный костюм защиты от химикатов. Тип защитного средства необходимо выбирать в зависимости от концентрации и количества опасного вещества на конкретном рабочем месте.
Защита органов дыхания:
Если оценка риска показывает, что воздухоочистительные респираторы уместны, используйте полнолицевой респиратор с многоцелевыми комбинированными (США) или респираторными картриджами типа ABEK (EN 14387) в качестве резерва для инженерных средств контроля.

Если респиратор является единственным средством защиты, используйте респиратор, закрывающий все лицо.
Используйте респираторы и их компоненты, протестированные и одобренные в соответствии с соответствующими государственными стандартами, такими как NIOSH (США) или CEN (ЕС).
Контроль воздействия на окружающую среду
Предотвратите дальнейшую утечку или разлив, если это безопасно.
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
Необходимо избегать попадания в окружающую среду.

Стабильность и химическая активность:
Химическая стабильность:
Стабилен при рекомендуемых условиях хранения.
Несовместимые материалы:
Сильные окислители:
Опасные продукты разложения:
Опасные продукты разложения образуются в условиях пожара.
Оксиды углерода, Оксиды азота (NOx), Газообразный хлористый водород.

Утилизация отходов:
Методы переработки отходов:
Продукт:
Предложите решения для излишков и неперерабатываемых отходов лицензированной компании по утилизации.
Обратитесь в лицензированную профессиональную службу по утилизации отходов, чтобы избавиться от этого материала.
Загрязненная упаковка:
Утилизируйте как неиспользованный продукт.

CAS NUMBER: 73398-61-5

INCI-Name: Caprylic/ CapricTriglyceride

Velsan CCT acts as a liquid emollient.
Velsan CCT offers characteristics such as low tackiness and good spreadability.
Velsan CCT is used in skin care formulations.
Velsan CCT acts as emollient, lubricant and solvent.
Velsan CCT is used in antiperspirants & deodorants - roll on and stick, shaving, baby care, body care, facial care, sun care, facial make-up, lip products, sprayable emulsions, cleansers, toners, eye care, specific skin care treatments, feets, hands as well as nails, shampoos and hair coloring.

Propeties of Velsan CCT:
-Low color, low odor, constant quality, medium chain triglyceride oil.

Applications & Uses of Velsan CCT:
Markets:
-Personal Care

Applications of Velsan CCT:
-Personal Care — Beauty & Care
-Baby Care
-Bath & Shower
-Color Cosmetics
-Hair Care
-Skin Care
-Sun Care

Application Format of Velsan CCT:
-Creams
-Gel
-Leave On
-Lotions
-Powder
-Rinse Off
-Spray
-Stick
-Wipes

Baby Care Applications of Velsan CCT:
-Baby Lotion
-Baby Oil
-Baby Shampoo
-Baby Sunscreen
-Baby Wipes
-Cradle Cap Treatment

Bath & Shower Applications of Velsan CCT:
-Baby Bubble Bath
-Bath Oils, Tablets & Salts
-Body Wash & Cleanser

Color Cosmetic Applications of Velsan CCT:
-BB Creams
-Blush
-CC Cream
-Concealer
-Eyebrow Enhancers
-Face Powder
-Foundation

Hair Care Applications of Velsan CCT:
-Anti-Dandruff Products
-Anti-Hair Loss Products
-Beard Oil

Nail Care Applications of Velsan CCT:
-Cuticle Oils, Creams & Lotions

Skin Care Applications of Velsan CCT:
-After Shaves
-Anti-Aging Products
-Around Eye Creams & Gels
-Body Firming Lotion
-Body Oil
-Facial Cleanser
-Facial Moisturizer
-Foot Moisturizer

Sun Care Applications of Velsan CCT:
-After Sun Products
-Baby Sunscreen

Treatment Product Applications of Velsan CCT:
-Acne Treatments
-Anti-Dandruff Products
-Cradle Cap Treatment
-Eczema Treatment

GRADES: Cosmetic
SOURCE/ORIGIN: Plant and synthetic
VEGAN SUITABLE: Suitable
PALM DERIVATIVES STATUS: Palm derived (RSPO; sustainable)

Chemical Family: Glycerides

Ingredient Origin:
-Oleochemical
-Synthetic
-Cosmetic Ingredients Functions:
-Emollient
-Occlusive

Technologies: Cosmetic Ingredients

Product Families:
-Cosmetic Ingredients — Functionals
-Conditioners & Emollients
-Other Functional Additives

Velsan CCT benefits Claims:
-Emolliency
-Non-Tacky
-Spreadability

Function: Occlusive, Re-Fatting Agent, Emollient
Ingredient Origin: Synthetic, Oleochemical

Velsan CCT applications/Recommended for:
Decorative cosmetics/Make-up>Eye pencils
Decorative cosmetics/Make-up>Eyes Shadows & Creams
Decorative cosmetics/Make-up>Lipsticks & Glosses
Decorative cosmetics/Make-up>Mascaras Decorative cosmetics/Make-up>Nail treatments
Hair care (Shampoos, Conditioners & Styling)>Bleaches, dyes & colors products
Hair care (Shampoos, Conditioners & Styling)>Shampoos
Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care)>Baby care
Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care)>Body care
Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care)>Facial care>Eye Care Gels & creams
Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care)>Facial cleansing>Cleansing lotions & toners
Sun care (Sun protection, After-sun & Self-tanning)
Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...)>Antiperspirants & deodorants>Deodorants sticks and roll-on
Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...)>Foot care
Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...)>Shaving Decorative cosmetics/Make-up>Eye liners

2-Butoxyethyl acetate; 1-Acetoxy-2-butoxyethane; BCA; Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate cas no: 112-07-2

Veratraldehyde; 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde; 3,4-Dimethoxybenzenecarbonal; 4-O-Methylvanillin; Methylvanillin; Protocatechualdehyde dimethyl ether; Protocatechuecaldehyde dimethyl ether; Protocatechuic aldehyde dimethyl ether; Vanillin methyl ether; Veratral; Veratric aldehyde; Veratrum aldehyde; Veratryl aldehyde; p-Veratric aldehyde CAS NO:120-14-9

Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д представляет собой водную дисперсию с 20% 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-она с низким pH.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д действует как консервант широкого спектра действия.
Обладает превосходной химической стабильностью и превосходной долгосрочной эффективностью.

КАС: 2634-33-5
ПФ: C7H5NOS
МВт: 151,19
ЭИНЭКС: 220-120-9

Синонимы
Бензотиазолин-3-он (БИТ);Бензо[d]изотиазол-3(2Н)-он;1,2-Бензизотиазолин-3-он(МИТ);2$l^{4}-тиа-6-азатрицикло[5.4 .0.0^{2,6}]ундека-1(7),8,10-триен-5-он;1,2-бензоизотиазолин-3-кетон;Актицид БИТ;Апизас АП-ДС;Бестцид 200К;1 ,2-Бензизотиазол-3(2H)-он;2634-33-5;1,2-Бензизотиазолин-3-он;1,2-бензотиазол-3-он;бензотиазолон;Бензо[d]изотиазол-3(2H) -он;Бензо[d]изотиазол-3-он;1,2-Бензизотиазол-3-он;Проксел;бензоизотиазол-3-он;Проксел PL;Бензо[d]изотиазол-3-ол;1,2-БЕНЦИСОТИАЗОЛ- 3-ОН;2,3-дигидро-1,2-бензотиазол-3-он;Бензизотиазолин-3-он;1,2-бензоизотиазолин-3-он;Нипацид БИТ;Проксел AB;3-Гидрокси-1,2- бензизотиазол; C7H5NOS; Proxel XL 2; 1,2-бензотиазолон; 1,2-бензотиазолинон; 1,2-бензоизотиазол-3-он; IPX; CHEBI: 167099; HRA0F1A4R3; 1,2-бензоизотиазолин-3-он; DTXSID5032523; Бензоизотиазол-3-он-13C6; 1329616-16-1; 2,3-дигидро-3-оксо-1,2-бензотиазол; MLS-0254244.0001; Бензо(d)изотиазол-3(2H)-он; Caswell No. 079А;Касуэлл № 513А
;Бензоцил;Актицид BIT;Canguard BIT;Деницид BIT;Proxel BD;Proxel CF;Proxel TN;Proxel XL;Proxel BDN;Proxel GXL;Proxel Ultra 5;San-aibac AP;Proxel LV-S;Proxel Press Paste;Apizas AP -DS;Актицид BW 20;Бестицид 200К;Нипацид BIT 20;Парметол B 7;Парметол D 11;Proxel GXL(S);Proxel HL 2;Нуосепт 485;Нуосепт 491;Нуосепт 495;Топцид 600;XBINX;CCRIS 6369;Деницид BIT 20N;Коралон B 119;Нипацид BIT 10W;Превентол BIT 20D;Proxel BD 20;Proxel Press Paste D;Биобан BIT 20DPG
;бенизотиазолин-3-он;Canguard BIT 20DPG;EINECS 220-120-9;SD 202 (бактерицид);UNII-HRA0F1A4R3;Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE;Код химического пестицида EPA 098901;BIT 10W;BIT 20;2-тиобензимид;2 ,3-Дигидробензизотиазол-3-он;SD 202;40991-37-5;ORISTAR BIT;1,2-БЕНЗИЗОТАЗОЛ-3(2H)-ОН;1,2-Бензотиазолинон;Бензизотиазолон (BIT);ID эпитопа: 115004; Бензотиазол-3(2H)-он;Бензо(D)изотиазол-3-он;SCHEMBL26078;cid_17520;MLS00077103;REGID_for_CID_17520;CHEMBL297304;SCHEMBL5586024;DTXCID3012523;BDBM46658;HSDB 8271 ;БЕНЦИСОТИАЗОЛИНОН [INCI];HMS1755P21;HMS2706H20;Tox21_300489;MFCD00044001 ;1,2-БЕНЦИСОТИАЗОЛИН-3-ОН;AKOS001062434;AKOS030227972;AC-2653

Идеально подходит для использования в водных и водосмешиваемых системах.
Подходит для использования в клеях и клеях.
Рекомендуемая дозировка Винкоцида БИТ 20 Д составляет 0,05-0,2%.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д представляет собой водную дисперсию с 20 % 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-она с низким pH.
Во многих случаях Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д можно использовать в качестве единственного консерванта.
В зависимости от условий и применения Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д можно комбинировать с другими биоцидами для повышения фунгицидной эффективности.
Vinkocide BIT 20 D отлично подходит для консервирования широкого спектра водных продуктов благодаря своим хорошим свойствам, таким как хорошая стабильность при высоких значениях pH (3-13), а также хорошая стабильность при высоких температурах.

Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д вызывает раздражение и сенсибилизацию кожи.
Сообщалось о профессиональном аллергическом контактном дерматите, главным образом, связанном с использованием смазочно-охлаждающих масел и смазочных материалов на предприятиях по производству красок, гончарных форм, производителей акриловых эмульсий, водопроводчиков, принтеров и литопринтеров, производителей бумаги, аналитических лабораторий, резиновых заводов и у сотрудников, производящих освежители воздуха. .
Винкоцид БИТ 20 D представляет собой органическое гетеробициклическое соединение на основе конденсированного 1,2-тиазольного и бензольного бициклического кольцевого скелета, в котором атом S расположен рядом с одним из положений слияния колец.

Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д действует как дезинфицирующее средство, ингибитор агрегации тромбоцитов, загрязнитель окружающей среды, ксенобиотик, лекарственный аллерген и сенсибилизатор.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д представляет собой азоторганическое гетероциклическое соединение и органическое гетеробициклическое соединение.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д представляет собой органическое соединение формулы C6H4SN(H)CO.
Белое твердое вещество, структурно родственное изотиазолу и являющееся частью класса молекул, называемых изотиазолинонами.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д широко используется в качестве консерванта и противомикробного средства.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д используется в средствах личной гигиены и косметике.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д действует как дезинфицирующее средство и может использоваться в качестве консерванта.

Преимущества продукта
Идеально подходит для использования в водных и водосмешиваемых системах.
Широкий антимикробный спектр против бактерий, грибков и дрожжей.
Не содержит формальдегида, веществ, выделяющих формальдегид, фенольных соединений, тяжелых металлов и галогенов.
Отличная химическая стабильность
Отличная долгосрочная эффективность
Хорошая совместимость с другим сырьем.

Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д Химические свойства
Температура плавления: 154-158 °C (лит.).
Температура кипения: 360°C (грубая оценка)
Плотность: 1,2170 (грубая оценка)
Давление пара: 0 Па при 25 ℃
Показатель преломления: 1,5500 (оценка)
Температура хранения: Хранить �� темном месте, запечатанным в сухом месте, при комнатной температуре.
Растворимость: Растворим в дихлорметане, диметилсульфоксиде, метаноле.
рка: 10,19±0,20 (прогнозируется)
Цвет: от белого до светло-желтого и светло-оранжевого.
Растворимость в воде: 1,288 г/л при 20 ℃.
InChIKey: DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0,7 при 20 ℃
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 2634-33-5.
Система регистрации веществ EPA: Винкоцид BIT 20 D (2634-33-5)

Использование
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д широко используется в промышленности в качестве консерванта в растворах на водной основе, таких как пасты, краски и смазочно-охлаждающие жидкости.
Винкоцид BIT 20 D присутствует в разных концентрациях в различных препаратах Proxel AB, GXL, CRL, XL2, XL, HL, TN и Mergal K-10.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 D широко использовался в высоких концентрациях для контроля роста микробов во многих бытовых и промышленных процессах, поэтому необходимо оценить его потенциальный экологический риск.
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д обладает микробицидным и фунгицидным механизмом действия.

Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д широко используется в качестве консерванта, например:
эмульсионные краски, герметики, лаки, клеи, чернила и растворы для обработки фотографий
средства для уборки дома и ухода за автомобилем; стиральные порошки, пятновыводители и кондиционеры для белья;
промышленные установки, например, решения для прядения текстиля, решения для обработки кожи, консервация свежих шкур и шкур животных.
сельское хозяйство в пестицидных составах
бурение газовых и нефтяных скважин в буровых растворах и консервация пакеровых жидкостей.: iv

В красках Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д обычно используется отдельно или в смеси с метилизотиазолиноном.
Типичные концентрации в продуктах составляют 200–400 ppm в зависимости от области применения и комбинации с другими биоцидами.
По данным исследования, проведенного в Швейцарии, в 2000 году 19% красок, лаков и покрытий содержали Vinkocide BIT 20 D.
Доля клеев, герметиков, штукатурок и наполнителей в то время составляла 25%.
Более позднее исследование, проведенное в 2014 году, показывает резкий рост использования красок для дома до 95,8%.

Товары для уборки дома и другие средства по уходу с высоким содержанием воды легко загрязняются микроорганизмами, поэтому изотиазолиноны часто используются в качестве консервантов в этих продуктах, поскольку они хорошо борются с широким спектром бактерий, грибков и дрожжей.

Швейцарское расследование показало, что Vinkocide BIT 20 D используется в чернилах для татуировок в концентрациях от 50 до 500 частей на миллион.
Согласно правилам ЕС и Швейцарии, Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д нельзя использовать в косметике.
Однако Винкоцид БИТ 20 D разрешен в США и Канаде.

Контактные аллергены
Винкоцид БИТ 20 Д, являющийся как раздражителем, так и сенсибилизатором кожи, широко используется в промышленности в качестве консерванта в растворах на водной основе, таких как пасты, краски и смазочно-охлаждающие жидкости.
Сообщалось о профессиональных дерматитах, главным образом, из-за смазочно-охлаждающих жидкостей и смазочных материалов у производителей красок, гончарных форм, производителей акриловых эмульсий, водопроводчиков, принтеров и литопринтеров, производителей бумаги, аналитических лабораторий, резиновых заводов и у сотрудников, производящих освежители воздуха.
Vinkocide BIT 20 D также является консервантом виниловых перчаток.

Оценка токсичности
Винкоцид BIT 20 D, такой как 1,2-бензотиазол-3(2H)-он (BIT), широко используется в качестве биоцидов для контроля роста бактерий во многих бытовых и промышленных процессах.
Несмотря на свои преимущества в качестве биоцидов, они высокотоксичны и представляют потенциальный риск для окружающей среды.
Винкоцид BIT 20 D может серьезно подавлять рост Scenedesmus sp. LX1, Хлорелла зр. HQ и Chlamydomonas reinhardtii с полумаксимальными эффективными концентрациями через 72 часа (72 часа-EC50) 1,70, 0,41 и 1,16 мг/л соответственно.
Первичным механизмом ингибирования было повреждение фотосинтетических систем микроводорослей, вызванное Винкоцидом BIT 20 D.

Опасности для здоровья
При достаточной дозе и продолжительности воздействие на кожу может вызвать сенсибилизацию кожи и аллергический контактный дерматит, а также классифицируется как раздражитель кожи и глаз.
Низкая молярная масса Винкоцида БИТ 20 Д позволяет ему проникать в эпидермис и затем вступать в реакцию с макромолекулами кожи, вызывая раздражение.
Бензизотиазолинон также связан с системным контактным дерматитом при воздушно-капельном контакте.

В 2012 году Научный комитет по безопасности потребителей в Европе обнаружил, что «сенсибилизирующий потенциал Винкоцида BIT 20 D вызывает беспокойство».
Сенсибилизация родственными изотиазолинонами является важной проблемой для потребителей.
Винкоцид BIT 20 D произошел потому, что воздействие на потребителя имело место до того, как были установлены безопасные уровни воздействия, связанные с сенсибилизацией.
Винкоцид BIT 20 D является сенсибилизатором кожи на животных моделях с эффективностью, аналогичной метилизотиазолинону.
Метилизотиазолинон в концентрации 100 частей на миллион (0,01%) в косметических продуктах вызывает у потребителя контактную аллергию и аллергический контактный дерматит.
Винкоцид BIT 20 D известен как сенсибилизатор у человека и вызывает сенсибилизацию при концентрации около 20 частей на миллион в перчатках».

В заключении далее говорится: «Нет информации о том, какими могут быть безопасные уровни воздействия бензизотиазолинона в косметических продуктах с точки зрения сенсибилизации.
До тех пор, пока не будут установлены безопасные уровни воздействия, использование бензизотиазолинона в косметических продуктах в качестве консерванта или для других функций не может считаться безопасным в отношении сенсибилизации».

Позже, в 2013 году, исследователи опубликовали исследование, целью которого было определить самую высокую концентрацию BIT в некоторых потребительских товарах, которая привела бы к воздействию ниже уровня ожидаемой индукции сенсибилизации (NESIL); то есть там, где при нормальном использовании доза будет ниже уровня, при котором может возникнуть сенсибилизация кожи.
Рассматриваемые продукты включали солнцезащитный крем, стиральный порошок, мыло для мытья посуды и спрей для чистки; путем расчета они получили BIT NESIL 0,0075%, 0,035%, 0,035%, 0,021% соответственно.
Затем они провели пилотное исследование посредством анализа массовых образцов одного репрезентативного продукта из каждой категории, маркированного как содержащий БИТ.
Их результаты показали, что все концентрации BIT значительно ниже производного NESIL: 0,0009% и 0,0027% для солнцезащитного крема и средства для мытья посуды соответственно, и не обнаруживаются в стиральных порошках и спреях для чистки, что означает, что концентрация была на уровне или ниже предела обнаружения. 0,0006%.

1-Acetoxyethylene;Acetate de vinyle;acetatedevinyle;acetatedevinyle(french);Acetic acid, ethylene ether;Aceticacid,ethenylester;aceticacid,ethyleneester;aceticacid,ethyleneether cas no: 108-05-4

VINNAPAS EAF 67 VINNAPAS EAF 67 Polymer Dispersions VINNAPAS VINNAPAS EAF 67 is a plasticizer-free, aqueous polymer dispersion produced from the monomers vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylate. VINNAPAS EAF 67 Technical Datasheet VINNAPAS EAF 67 is a vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylate polymer dispersion. Exhibits excellent cohesion and adhesion even at elevated temperatures. Provides good heat resistance and frost resistance. It is an aqueous, plasticizer-free, white colored, APEO-free polymeric dispersion. VINNAPAS EAF 67 is used as an adhesion promoter and is suitable as a raw material to manufacture floor covering adhesives, especially for carpets and PVC floor coverings. Other applications include pressure sensitive adhesives e. g. self-adhesive tapes, films, labels, sound and heat insulation mats. Product Type Ethylene Co-terpolymers - Emulsions (VAE, EVC) > Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Copolymers (VAE) Vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylate polymer Chemical Composition Vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylic acid ester polymer dispersion Physical Form Liquid, White VINNAPAS EAF 67 is a plasticizer-free, aqueous polymer dispersion produced from the monomers vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylate. VINNAPAS EAF 67 is a vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylate polymer dispersion. Exhibits excellent cohesion and adhesion even at elevated temperatures. Provides good heat resistance and frost resistance. It is an aqueous, plasticizer-free, white colored, APEO-free polymeric dispersion. VINNAPAS EAF 67 is used as an adhesion promoter and is suitable as a raw material to manufacture floor covering adhesives, especially for carpets and PVC floor coverings. Other applications include pressure sensitive adhesives e. g. self-adhesive tapes, films, labels, sound and heat insulation mats. Product Type Ethylene Co-terpolymers - Emulsions (VAE, EVC) > Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Copolymers (VAE) Vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylate polymer Chemical Composition Vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylic acid ester polymer dispersion Physical Form Liquid, White VINNAPAS EAF 67 is a plasticizer-free, aqueous polymer dispersion produced from the monomers vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylate. The company also offers Geniosil organofunctional silanes, innovative hybrid polymers for bonding and sealing, and a range of finished products for the construction industry. "The Geniosil STP-E product line can be exploited to produce completely novel, fast-curing, one-component adhesives and sealants. The a-effect even permits the formulation of tin-free systems - representing a technological leap in user safety," a company spokesman says. "Adhesives formulated with Geniosil STP-E possess outstanding mechanical properties. They do not require labeling, the formulations being free of plasticizers and solvents. Geniosil STP-E is used in numerous sophisticated adhesive formulations. In the Middle East, this technology is used for the construction industry especially for bonding, grouting or sealing. "The products enjoy strong market popularity because Wacker solutions utilise German technology to cater to local needs." Giving an insight into their special features, the spokesman said the market for flooring adhesives demands products which provide excellent bonding strength, dimensional stability and workability while at the same time they have to comply with environmental labels. "With Vinnapas VAE co- and terpolymers, Wacker offers both high-performance binders with an excellent property profile and the possibility to meet strict regulations. This makes them ideal to formulate adhesives for a wide variety of flexible floor coverings. Success in the adhesives and sealants market often depends onchoosing the right binder. VINNAPAS vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE)technology offers outstanding benefits in terms of performance,safety and versatility.For more informationon VAE technology, acetate-ethylene (VAE) dispersions are copolymers produced by the emulsion polymerization of hard, polar vinyl acetate monomer and soft, hydrophobic ethylene monomer.Ethylene gives permanent flexibility tothe VAE polymer. No external plasticizeris thus necessary in VAEs

ethenesulfonic acid; Ethylenesulfonic acid; Ethylenesulphonic acid cas no: 1184-84-5

SYNONYMS 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone ;1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinon;1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon;1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, monomer;1-Vinylpyrrolidinone;1-Vinylpyrrolidone CAS NO:88-12-0

Vinyl Sulfonic Acid 30% Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH2=CHSO3H. It is the simplest unsaturated sulfonic acid.[2][3] The C=C double bond is a site of high reactivity. polymerize gives polyVinyl sulfonic acid 30%, especially when used as a comonomer with functionalized vinyl[4] and (meth)acrylic acid compounds.[5] It is a colorless, water-soluble liquid,[2] although commercial samples can appear yellow or even red. Preparation Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% is produced industrially by the alkaline hydrolysis of carbyl sulfate with subsequent acidification of the resulting vinyl sulfonate salt: Vinylsulfonsäure aus Carbylsulfat The reaction is highly exothermic (reaction enthalpy: 1,675 kJ/kg) and requires exact maintenance of temperature and pH during the hydrolysis. When calcium hydroxide is used as the hydrolysis medium, a solution of calcium vinyl sulfonate is obtained. Acidification of this hydrolysis mixture with sulfuric acid gives Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, together with the poorly soluble calcium sulfate. Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% also can be prepared by dehydration of isethionic acid with phosphorus pentoxide: Vinylsulfonsäure via Isethionsäure Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% can also be prepared by sulfochlorination of chloroethane, dehydrohalogenation to vinylsulfonyl chloride and subsequent hydrolysis of the acid chloride. Use The activated C=C double bond of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% reacts readily with nucleophiles in an addition reaction. 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid is formed with ammonia and 2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid with methylamine.[8] Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% is the monomer in the preparation of highly acidic or anionic homopolymers and copolymers. These polymers are used in the electronic industry as photoresists, as ion-conductive polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) for fuel cells. For example, transparent membranes with high ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity can be produced from polyVinyl sulfonic acid 30%.[9] Research Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% may also be grafted to polymeric supports (e.g. polystyrene) to give highly acidic ion exchangers, which used as catalysts for esterification and Friedel-Crafts acylations.[10] Where the sulfonic acid functionality is not essential, the much more usable alkaline aqueous solution of sodium vinylsulfonate is used, which is obtained directly in the alkaline hydrolysis of the carbyl sulfate and is commercially supplied as an aqueous solution. contains 100 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor concentration 25 wt. % in H2O refractive index n20/D 1.376 density 1.176 g/mL at 25 °C Application Sodium Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% is a useful reagent (monomer) for the formation of poly(anionic) polymers and copolymers. A method for producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, comprising conducting demetallation of vinyl sulfonate salt, wherein the demetallation rate is not less than 95% according to the following formula: Demetallation rate(%)={(acid value after demetallation)/(acid value before demetallation)}×100; a method for producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, comprising conducting demetallation of vinyl sulfonate salt, wherein demetallation is carried out using a strongly acidic ion exchange resin; and said method further comprising the step of purifying a product of the demetallation using a thin film evaporator. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, particularly to a method of producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, comprising a vinyl sulfonate salt demetallation process. BACKGROUND ART In recent years, Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% has attracted increasing attention as a monomer for use in composing performance polymers or conductive materials. There are various methods for producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% (see Nonpatent-Document 1); however, existing methods are still not reliable enough for the industrial production of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%. For example, Patent-Document 1 discloses a method for producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% by removing sodium from sodium vinyl sulfonate using hydrochloric acid. However, this method fails to ensure desirable product quality. Moreover, distillation of the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% manufactured by this method produces a large amount of solid residue. For these reasons, this method is almost useless for industrial purposes. Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% via dehydration of an isethionic acid using phosphorus pentoxide or pyrophosphoric acid as a dehydration agent. However, this method uses a large amount of dehydration agent, and requires disposal of the dehydration agent. For this reason, this method is not suitable for industrial purposes. Problem to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide an industrial method for producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%. Means for Solving the Problem In order to solve the foregoing problems, the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive study and found a method ensuring an improved yield. The method uses vinyl sulfonate, and carries out a demetallation process with an ion exchange resin at a metal-hydrogen exchange rate equal to or greater than a predetermined value. With further research on this method, the inventors eventually completed the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to the following production methods. Item 1: A method of producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, comprising the step of conducting demetallation of vinyl sulfonate salt, wherein a demetallation rate is not less than 95% according to the following formula: Demetallation rate(%)={(acid value after demetallation)/(acid value before demetallation)}×100. More preferably, the method according to Item 1, wherein the vinyl sulfonate salt is sodium vinyl sulfonate, and the metal is sodium. Item 2: A method of producing Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, comprising the step of conducting demetallation of vinyl sulfonate salt, wherein the demetallation is carried out using a strongly acidic ion exchange resin. 1. Vinyl Sulfonate Salt The present invention produces Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% using vinyl sulfonate salt. Examples of vinyl sulfonate salt include the sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt, and mixtures of these. Among these, sodium vinyl sulfonate is particularly suitable. The vinyl sulfonate salt may be a composition. For example, it is possible to use a composition made up of vinyl sulfonate salt, an isethionic acid salt, a salt of bis sulfoethyl ether, and the like. When using such a composition, the percentage of vinyl sulfonate salt in the whole composition is usually not less than approximately 25%. 2. Demetallation In this specification, “demetallation” designates a process for removing metal from vinyl sulfonate salt and exchanging it for hydrogen. In other words, demetallation designates a process for removing metal ions from vinyl sulfonate salt so as to convert the vinyl sulfonate salt into Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%. If the demetallation rate is 95% or greater, decomposition of the compound or the influence thereof is significantly reduced. Further, it becomes possible to adopt thin film distillation for the purification process after demetallation. Given this, large volume distillation can be performed at a high recovery rate. Also, since it becomes possible to obtain high-quality Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% after distillation is less colored. Furthermore, this Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% causes less coloration with time. Any method in which the demetallation rate is not less than 95% can be adopted. A method using a strongly acidic ion exchange resin is however particularly preferable. The product of demetallation here designates a product resulting from demetallation of vinyl sulfonate salt or a composition thereof; more specifically, a Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% or a composition thereof obtained by demetallation. An appropriate purification method can be selected from various publicly known methods; however, purification by distillation, particularly by thin film distillation, is preferred. By adopting thin film distillation to purify the product, it becomes possible to obtain a high-quality Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% that is less colored at the time of distillation, and causes less coloration with time. Further, it becomes possible to purify a large quantity at a high recovery rate. Furthermore, the resulting Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% is of a high quality. Particularly, the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% resulting from such distillation is almost colorless. It is also possible to obtain Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% that causes less coloration with time. 4. Other Processes The production method of the present invention may further comprise additional steps other than the above-mentioned demetallation step and distillation step, as needed. For example, a raw-material purification step can be added. Further, any known art or arts regarding the production of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% can be combined with the method of the present invention, as needed. 5. Characteristics The Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% obtained using the method of the present invention is of a high quality, is less colored, and causes less coloration with time. With such outstanding characteristics, the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% obtained by the method of the present invention can be suitably used as a material for an electrolyte membrane or an aqueous solution agent for a coating composition, a binder, etc., for example. EFFECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides efficient mass production of high-quality Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, thereby significantly increasing vinyl-sulfonic-acid productivity. Although various synthesizing methods are known as production methods for Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, they have problems relating to complicated processes, low yields, and limit the scale of distillation. Therefore, they are almost useless for industrial purposes. In contrast, the production method of the present invention suppresses compound decomposition, thereby significantly increasing the yield. Also, as it requires only a single step process, production can be performed in a simple manner. Moreover, gas generation is reduced during distillation and the decompression degree becomes stable, the recovery rate increases. Further, the process produces only fluid residues that can be easily washed away from the device or the facility. Further, since the method allows adoption of thin film distillation, the process scale can be increased. As a result, productivity significantly increases. The method of the present invention provides high-quality Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%. This method suppresses the problems of coloration and coloration with time. The present invention provides a superior method and means for use in the industrial production of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, thereby making practical industrial production of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% possible. Sodium Removal Process Using Hydrochloric Acid 3 kg of 35% hydrochloric acid was added to 7.5 kg of a 25% sodium vinyl sulfonate aqueous solution (N-SVS-25: product of Asahi Kasei Finechem CO., LTD., Inc.). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, sodium removal was performed by concentrating 4 L of an aqueous solution under reduced pressure, and filtering the deposited salt. This sodium removal process was performed two more times to exchange the sodium of the sodium vinyl sulfonate for hydrogen, thereby obtaining a Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% aqueous solution. The sodium removal rate was 93.5% according to the acid value measured before sodium removal and the acid value measured after 3 applications of the sodium removal process. The yield was 94.8% according to the iodine value measured before sodium removal and the iodine value measured after 3 applications of the sodium removal process. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 Sodium Removal Process Using Hydrochloric Acid and Batch Distillation 4.5 kg of a Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% aqueous solution obtained in Comparative Example 1 was placed in a 5 L glass flask, and was subjected to distillation under reduced pressure so as to produce 2.1 kg of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%. The recovery rate was 67%. The decompression degree varied greatly, ranging from about 500 to 1000 Pa; that is, it was difficult to keep the decompression degree constant. Further, the obtained Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% was a deep, dark purple at the time of distillation. The residue was black and non-fluid. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 Sodium Removal Process Using Hydrochloric Acid and Batch Distillation 1200 g of a Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% aqueous solution obtained in Comparative Example 1 was placed in a 1 L glass flask, and was subjected to distillation under reduced pressure so as to produce 740 g of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%. The recovery rate was 82%. As with Comparative Example 2, the decompression degree varied greatly, ranging from about 500 to 1000 Pa; that is, it was difficult to keep the decompression degree constant. Further, the obtained Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% was deep, dark purple at the time of distillation. The residue was black and non-fluid. Sodium Removal Process Using a Strongly Acidic Ion Exchange Resin and Batch Distillation Under reduced pressure, 0.6 kg of the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% composition obtained in the sodium removal process of Example 1 was concentrated. Then, a 500 mL-scale distillation was performed under reduced pressure. As a result, the decompression degree was kept at 150 Pa, and the recovery rate was 94%, though a slight smell of sulfurous acid gas was detected. The obtained Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% was light yellow at the time of distillation, and became more colored with time. The distillation produced a residue, but it was a dark brown fluid that was washed away easily. EXAMPLE 11 Sodium Removal Process Using a Strongly Acidic Ion Exchange Resin and Batch Distillation A 1 L-scale distillation was performed in the same manner as that of Example 10, except that 1.2 kg of the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% composition was used. As a result, a slight smell of sulfurous acid gas was detected. The decompression degree was about 220 Pa. The recovery rate was 92%. The obtained Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% was light yellow at the time of distillation, and became more deeply colored with time. The distillation produced a residue, but it was a dark brown fluid that was washed away easily. EXAMPLE 12 Sodium Removal Process Using a Strongly Acidic Ion Exchange Resin and Batch Distillation A 2 L-scale distillation was performed in the same manner as that of Example 10, except that 2.4 kg of the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% composition was used. As a result, a strong smell of sulfurous acid gas was detected. The decompression degree was about 360 Pa. The recovery rate was 89%. The obtained Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% was light yellow at the time of distillation, and became more deeply colored with time. The distillation produced a residue, but it was a dark brown fluid that was washed away easily. EXAMPLE 13 Sodium Removal Process Using a Strongly Acidic Ion Exchange Resin and Batch Distillation A 5 L-scale distillation process was performed in the same manner as that of Example 10, except that 5 kg of the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% composition was used. As a result, a significantly strong smell of sulfurous acid gas was detected. The decompression degree was about 600 Pa. The recovery rate was 78%. The obtained Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% was light yellow at the time of distillation, and became more deeply colored with time. The distillation produced a residue, but it was a dark brown fluid that was washed away easily. EXAMPLE 14 Sodium Removal Process Using a Strongly Acidic Ion Exchange Resin and Thin Film Distillation Continuous distillations were performed with a thin film evaporator under reduced pressure by continuously feeding 3.6 kg of the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% composition obtained in the sodium removal process of Example 1. The temperature range was 160-200° C. As a result, the decompression degree was kept at 70 Pa, and the continuous distillation operation was stably maintained. There was no smell of sulfurous acid gas at all. The recovery rate was about 96%. The obtained Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% was light yellow at the time of distillation, and the color did not change even after six months. The distillation produced a residue, but it was a dark brown fluid that was washed away easily. Random copolymer hydrogel actuators, composed of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, sodium salt), were prepared. The swelling ratios at various temperatures and pHs, the deswelling water ratio and contraction/expansion behavior under an electric field for the hydrogel actuators were measured. The hydrogels exhibited very high swelling ratios, in the range of 8200 ~ 18000%, at 37 °C, and showed temperature/pH dependent swelling behavior. The deswelling water ratio of the CO1 hydrogel sample showed about an 80% weight reduction under a 5 V applied voltage. When the hydrogel actuator in various pH buffer solutions is subjected to an electric field, the hydrogel actuator was contracted. When the electric stimulus was removed, the hydrogel actuator was expanded on its original size. The hydrogel actuator also showed stepwise contraction/expansion behavior depending on the electric stimulus. Applications Sodium Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% is a useful reagent (monomer) for the formation of poly(anionic) polymers and copolymers. It is employed as a basic brightener and leveling agent in nickel baths. It is also used as intermediate for organic synthesis, surfactant, pharmaceutical industry. The sodium salt of poly(vinylsulfonic acid) (Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%), molecular weight 2000, a low-molecular-weight polyelectrolyte, has been identified as a suitable displacer for the concentration and purification of protein mixtures. This displacer has been tested on the separation of ovalbumin from conalbumin, and the fractionation of heterogeneous ovalbumin. The displacement characteristics of the polyelectrolyte were a strong function of the carrier pH, and a pH for good displacement development of heterogeneous ovalbumin has been identified. The displacer can be efficiently removed from the exchanger with a mild regeneration protocol. In this regard, the low-molecular-weight polyelectrolyte appears to have a significant advantage over high-molecular-weight ion-exchange displacers used in the past. Solvent requirements for regeneration and re-equilibration are significantly lower with Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%, suggesting the use of molecular weight to tailer ion-exchange displacers with desirable characteristics with respect to both column development and regeneration. The free-radical copolymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole with Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% sodium salt was conducted. New thermally stable functional water-soluble copolymers of various composition were synthesized. The structure and properties of the obtained copolymers were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric methods. It was found that 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole has higher reactivity than sodium vinylsulfonate. TGA and DSC show that the produced copolymers are stable when heated to 260 °C. Poly(Vinylsulfonic acid) (Vinyl sulfonic acid 30%) possesses a high acid content (ion‐exchange capacity in the chemical formula = 9.2 meq · g−1). Its monomer, Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% (VSA), had a high acid dissociation ability (Hammett acid function = 0.74 in water), and a high ionic conductivity (0.04–0.11 S · cm−1). The radical polymerization of VSA with various initiators was kinetically investigated. The ESR spectrum of the VSA polymerization mixture showed a strong signal ascribed to the propagation carbon radical of VSA. The molecular weight of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% increased with the increasing monomer concentration and decreasing radical initiator concentration to yield the Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% with a molecular weight of 4.0 × 104. Proton‐conductivity of Vinyl sulfonic acid 30% under hydrated and nonhumidified conditions was on the order of 10−1 and 10−3–10−6 S · cm−1, respectively.

3-[(2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoic acid; 3-[(2R)-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)amino]propanoic acid; Pantothenic acid cas no: 599-54-2

Vinylsulfonic acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH2=CHSO3H. It is the simplest unsaturated sulfonic acid.The C=C double bond is a site of high reactivity. polymerize gives polyvinylsulfonic acid, especially when used as a comonomer with functionalized vinyl and (meth)acrylic acid compounds.It is a colorless, water-soluble liquid,although commercial samples can appear yellow or even red.The activated C=C double bond of vinylsulfonic acid reacts readily with nucleophiles in an addition reaction. 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid is formed with ammonia and 2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid with methylamine.Vinylsulfonic acid is the monomer in the preparation of highly acidic or anionic homopolymers and copolymers. These polymers are used in the electronic industry as photoresists, as ion-conductive polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) for fuel cells. For example, transparent membranes with high ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity can be produced from polyvinylsulfonic acid.Vinylsulfonic acid may also be grafted to polymeric supports (e.g. polystyrene) to give highly acidic ion exchangers, which used as catalysts for esterification and Friedel-Crafts acylations.Where the sulfonic acid functionality is not essential, the much more usable alkaline aqueous solution of sodium vinylsulfonate is used, which is obtained directly in the alkaline hydrolysis of the carbyl sulfate and is commercially supplied as an aqueous solution. Vinylsulfonic Acid Purity / Analysis Method >97.0%(T) Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight C2H4O3S = 108.11 Physical State (20 deg.C) Liquid Storage Temperature 0-10°C Condition to Avoid Light Sensitive,Heat Sensitive CAS RN 1184-84-5 Reaxys Registry Number 1743040 PubChem Substance ID 354333146 MDL Number MFCD09743544 Vinylsulfonic acid Molecular FormulaC2H4O3S Average mass108.116 Da Monoisotopic mass107.988113 Da Specific ion effects in solutions of salts of poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) in aqueous univalent supporting electrolyte are described in regard to observations of phase separation, dialysis equilibrium, light scattering, viscosity, and sedimentation. The most complete data have been obtained on two systems, ammonium poly(vinyl sulfonate) in 0.5M NH4Cl and potassium poly(vinyl sulfonate) in 0.5M KCl. Although the distribution of small ions across a semipermeable membrane is not markedly different in the two cases, other thermodynamic properties, the occurrence of phase separation in the KCl solution and its absence with NH4Cl, together with a larger second virial coefficient in the latter case, indicate that NH4Cl is a much better solvent for the corresponding polymer than is KCl. The hydrodynamic measurements concur in showing that the polymer chain configuration is more expanded in the NH4Cl solution. The interrelations among thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties developed and generally substantiated for solutions of unionized polymers are found to be valid, at least qualitatively, for both these systems. This study also illustrates how the thermodynamic formalism for a two‐component system is applicable to three components, two diffusible and one non‐diffusible, provided solutions are equilibrated by dialysis against the solvent mixture.In this study, the effect of water soluble homopolymer of vinylsulfonic acid on spontaneous crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx) was investigated.A vinyl sulfonic acid, having a double bond content of 95 wt. % or more, and a sodium (Na) content of 1 ppm or less, and a content of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali earth metal and first row transition metal of 1 ppm or less. Alternatively,a vinyl sulfonic acid, having a double bond content of 95 wt. % or more, and a sodium (Na) content of 100 ppb or less, and a content of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali earth metal and first row transition metal of 100 ppb or less. Further, a homopolymer or copolymer thereof, a production method thereof, or a thin-film distillation apparatus suited for the production thereof.The present invention mainly relates to a vinyl sulfonic acid, a polymer thereof, a production method thereof, an apparatus suitable for production thereof, and an electric/electronic material comprising the vinyl sulfonic acid or polymer thereof.Vinyl sulfonic acids are attracting a great deal of attention as a monomer for constituting a functional polymer and a conductive material. However, commercially available vinyl sulfonic acids have a double bond content of 75 wt. % or less. Consequently, when the vinyl sulfonic acid was to be polymerized after impregnating in a porous substrate, polymerization did not proceed sufficiently and thus a product functioning as a proton conductive polymer could not be obtained. Patent Document 1 describes a vinyl sulfonic acid with a purity of 98%. However, the metal content is several ppm. Recently, vinyl sulfonic acids or polymers thereof are attracting attention as a component constituting functional polymers and conductive materials, and as a material for electronic devices and semiconductors.However, a vinyl sulfonic acid or polymer thereof having a sufficiently reduced metal content is as yet unknown.On the other hand, various methods are known for producing a vinyl sulfonic acid (see Non-Patent Document 2). For example, Patent Document 15 describes a method for producing a vinyl sulfonic acid by performing a sodium removal treatment on sodium vinyl sulfonate with hydrochloric acid.Further, Patent Document 16 describes a method for producing a vinyl sulfonic acid by dehydrating isethionic acid using diphosphate pentoxide or pyrophosphoric acid as a dehydrating agent.It is the main object of the present invention to provide a vinyl sulfonic acid having a high double bond content and a low metal content. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a homopolymer and a copolymer comprising this vinyl sulfonic acid as a constituent component, and a production method thereof. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electric/electronic material comprising this vinyl sulfonic acid or a polymer thereof. Still further, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus or a method suitable for the production of the above vinyl sulfonic acid.On the other hand, various methods are known for producing a vinyl sulfonic acid (see Non-Patent Document 2). For example, Patent Document 15 describes a method for producing a vinyl sulfonic acid by performing a sodium removal treatment on sodium vinyl sulfonate with hydrochloric acid.Further, Patent Document 16 describes a method for producing a vinyl sulfonic acid by dehydrating isethionic acid using diphosphate pentoxide or pyrophosphoric acid as a dehydrating agent.It is the main object of the present invention to provide a vinyl sulfonic acid having a high double bond content and a low metal content. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a homopolymer and a copolymer comprising this vinyl sulfonic acid as a constituent component, and a production method thereof. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electric/electronic material comprising this vinyl sulfonic acid or a polymer thereof. Still further, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus or a method suitable for the production of the above vinyl sulfonic acid.Mainly for the purpose of resolving the above-described problems, and as a result of extensive investigations, the present invention discovered that a vinyl sulfonic acid having excellent qualities could be obtained, and as a result of further extensive investigations, completed the present invention.Specifically, the present invention provides the following vinyl sulfonic acids, homopolymers, copolymers, production methods, apparatuses, and electric/electronic materials.The vinyl sulfonic acid according to the present invention has reduced impurity and metal contents, and can be preferably used as a material for an electric/electronic material. In other words, the vinyl sulfonic acid according to the present invention can be preferably used as a material in a production of an electric/electronic material.For example, a homopolymer formed by impregnating the vinyl sulfonic acid in a substrate and then carrying out homopolymerization, or a copolymer formed by impregnating the vinyl sulfonic acid in a substrate and then copolymerizing with another polymerizable monomer, can be used as a fuel cell polymer electrolyte.Further, the vinyl sulfonic acid, or a homopolymer formed by polymerizing just this vinyl sulfonic acid or a copolymer formed by copolymerizing the vinyl sulfonic acid with another polymerizable monomer, can be used as a material for a photoresist composition, a polymer binder or a separator for a battery. In addition, the product obtained by polymerization of the vinyl sulfonic acid can be used as an anionic polymer acid dispersant in a polishing slurry for semiconductor fabrication, or as a conductive polymer dopant used in an EL device, such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).A method for producing the vinyl sulfonic acid according to the present invention is not especially limited, as long as the vinyl sulfonic acid has the above-described characteristics. Vinyl sulfonic acids obtained by the following production methods are preferred.A method for producing the vinyl sulfonic acid, comprising a step of subjecting a vinyl sulfonate to a metal removal treatment, wherein the metal removal rate in the metal removal treatment represented by the following formula is 95% or more:Metal removal rate(%)={(acid value after metal removal treatment)/(acid value before metal removal treatment)}×100.A method for producing the vinyl sulfonic acid, comprising a step of subjecting a vinyl sulfonate to a metal removal treatment, wherein the metal removal treatment is carried out using a strongly-acidic ion-exchange resin.Production method 4: The production method according to the above-described production method 3, wherein the thin-film distillation apparatus is an apparatus in which all or a part of a contact with the vinyl sulfonic acid or a composition thereof are formed from a material having a high corrosion resistance.The production method according to the above-described production method 3, wherein the thin-film distillation apparatus is an apparatus in which all or a part of a contact with the vinyl sulfonic acid or a composition thereof are made from tantalum.From the above-described production methods, a vinyl sulfonic acid can be obtained which has a high double bond content and a low metal content. In other words, the vinyl sulfonic acid used in the present invention includes the vinyl sulfonic acids which can be obtained by any of production methods 1 to 6. A vinyl sulfonic acid obtained by the above-described production methods has little discoloration and hardly any change in color over time.The present invention provides a thin-film distillation apparatus which can be preferably used in the method for producing the vinyl sulfonic acid. In other words, the present invention provides a thin-film distillation apparatus for vinyl sulfonic acid production, or a thin-film distillation apparatus for vinyl sulfonic acid purification.In the thin-film distillation apparatus according to the present invention, all or a part of a contact with the vinyl sulfonic acid or a composition thereof is formed from a material having a high corrosion resistance.The term “a contact with the vinyl sulfonic acid or a composition thereof” (hereinafter also referred to as “vinyl sulfonic acid contact region”) means, for example, a region that is in contact with the vinyl sulfonic acid composition serving as the distillation raw material after it has undergone the metal removal treatment, the evaporated vinyl sulfonic acid vapor, or the condensed vinyl sulfonic acid formed from the vinyl sulfonic acid vapor. These regions are also referred to as “liquid contact region” and/or “gas contact region”.Examples of the members included in the vinyl sulfonic acid contact region include a liquid feed pipe, the inner walls of the distillation tower, a stirring member, a wiper member, a cooling member, a stirring seal member, a distillation raw material introduction port, a distillate line, a receiver, a residue discharge line and the like.If the vinyl sulfonic acid contact region is formed from the material having a high corrosion resistance, contamination of impurities from the material or the region can be suppressed. Conventionally, a material such as SUS was used as a metal for the vinyl sulfonic acid contact region, so that impurities from this material contaminated the vinyl sulfonic acid. However, according to the above-described configuration, the level of contamination of impurities due to the material is reduced.The copolymer according to the present invention is a copolymer which has the above-described vinyl sulfonic acid as a constituent component. More specifically, the copolymer according to the present invention comprises the above-described vinyl sulfonic acid as an essential monomer.The vinyl sulfonic acid copolymer according to the present invention can be obtained by copolymerizing the above-described vinyl sulfonic acid with one or two or more other monomers.These “other monomers” are polymerizable compounds different from the above-described vinyl sulfonic acid, which serve as one of the constituent components of the copolymer.These other monomers are not especially limited, as long as they are a substance that is copolymerizable with the above-described vinyl sulfonic acid. A vinyl monomer can be preferably used as the other monomer.A method for producing the vinyl sulfonic acid copolymer is not especially limited. However, generally, the method is carried out by radical polymerization, photopolymerization, or radiation polymerization.The radical polymerization is carried out by mixing the vinyl sulfonic acid or aqueous solution thereof and the other monomer or aqueous solution thereof, adding a small amount of an initiator to the resultant mixture, and heating. As the initiator, a peroxide, a persulfate, an azo compound or a redox initiator can be used.The photopolymerization is carried out by mixing the vinyl sulfonic acid or aqueous solution thereof and the other monomer or aqueous solution thereof, and irradiating light on the resultant mixture. For example, the irradiation can be carried out using solar rays, UV rays and the like. Further, a photopolymerizable crosslinking agent, a photopolymerization initiator, a photopolymerization promoter and the like may optionally be added. It is especially preferred to carry out the photopolymerization in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide.The radiation polymerization is carried out by mixing the vinyl sulfonic acid or aqueous solution thereof and the other monomer or aqueous solution thereof, and irradiating radioactive rays on the resultant mixture.The vinyl sulfonic acid according to the present invention has a high double bond content and a low metal content. According to the present invention, a vinyl sulfonic acid can be obtained which has little discoloration, hardly any change in color over time, and high quality.Further, the vinyl sulfonic acid homopolymer and copolymer according to the present invention obtained using this vinyl sulfonic acid for a monomer have almost no impurities, a low metal content, and excellent quality.Due to having such excellent properties, the vinyl sulfonic acid, homopolymer, and copolymer according to the present invention have sufficient durability even in a harsh environment of a high temperature and strong oxidizing atmosphere. Therefore, the vinyl sulfonic acid, homopolymer, and copolymer according to the present invention can be preferably used for an electric/electronic material, such as for a fuel cell electrolyte membrane, a photoresist composition, and a conductive polymer, or as a raw material thereof.Further, the present invention provides a thin-film distillation apparatus suited to the production of a high-quality vinyl sulfonic acid. If purified using the apparatus according to the present invention, a vinyl sulfonic acid having a high double bond content and a low metal content can be obtained. In addition, according to the present invention, large-scale production of a high-quality vinyl sulfonic acid can be achieved by continuous operation of the thin-film distillation apparatus.Vinylsulfonic acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH2=CHSO3H. It is the simplest unsaturated sulfonic acid. The C=C double bond is a site of high reactivity. polymerize gives polyvinylsulfonic acid, especially when used as a comonomer with functionalized vinyl and (meth)acrylic acid compounds. It is a colorless, water-soluble liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow or even red.

Chemical name / Synonyms: Dihydrogenatedtallowdimethylammonium Salts with Bentonite VISCOGEL ED Use of the substance / Preparation Organoclay is used in the following industrial fields: - Paints and varnishes - Printing inks - Lubricating grease - Drilling fluids - Consumer care products VISCOGEL ED First aid measures Skin contact: remove from skin using plenty of water and soap Eye contact: irrigate with water or eyewash until irritation has ceased; if irritation or pain persists seek medical attention. Inhalation: remove person to fresh air; seek medical attention if shortness of breath or irritation persists. Ingestion: if large amounts are ingested seek medical attention VISCOGEL ED Fire-fighting measures The use of water mist, foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers is recommended. Atmospheric dusts of greater than 60g/m3 may ignite at 3700C. On combustion. nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide may be released Product can cause slipping when wet. VISCOGEL ED Accidental release measures Personal precautions: wear recommended protective clothing (see Section 8) Environmental precautions: no ecotoxicity data is available Methods for cleaning up: for large spills wet with water to reduce dusting and sweep up and dispose off in accordance with Local Regulations; product is slippery when wet and may cause a secondary hazard. If vacuum system is used the system must be explosion protected. All sources of ignition and static electricity must be removed or grounding precautions taken if large amounts of airborne dust are present. VISCOGEL ED Physical and chemical properties VISCOGEL ED General information VISCOGEL ED Physical state Powder VISCOGEL ED Colour Pale cream VISCOGEL ED Odour Odourless VISCOGEL ED Important health, safety and environmental information VISCOGEL ED pH N/A VISCOGEL ED Vapour pressure N/A VISCOGEL ED Boiling point N/A VISCOGEL ED Melting point Decomposes at approx. 200°C VISCOGEL ED Flash point N/A VISCOGEL ED Specific gravity 0,45 – 0,55 g/ml Flammability Dust clouds containing more than 50g/m3 VISCOGEL ED may ignite at 370°C VISCOGEL ED Explosive properties Lower explosives limit in air 60 g/m3 VISCOGEL ED Oxidising properties None VISCOGEL ED Solubility Insoluble in water VISCOGEL ED Stability and Reactivity Conditions to Avoid: material is stable under normal temperatures. Materials to avoid: do not store near or allow contact with oxidizing materials or materials such as peroxides that can be decomposed by dusts. Hazardous Decomposition Products: nitrogen and carbon oxides may be released on combustion VISCOGEL ED Toxicological information 11.1 – Acute effects Ingestion: material is orally not toxic; LC50 rat >5000 mg/kg Inhalation: LC 50 on rats for inhalation - >200mg/l Skin irritancy: No irritant effect Sensitization: No sensitizing effect known Routes of exposure : eye contact and inhalation 11.2 – Chronic effects Long-term exposure to excessive amounts of respirable crystalline silica dust may cause lung damage (silicosis) in humans. When used and handled according to specifications, the product does not have any harmful effects according to our experience and the information provided to us. As with any nuisance dust, long-term exposure of dust above the recommended exposure level may overload lung clearance mechanism and cause adverse lung effects VISCOGEL ED Ecological information Ecotoxicity: this material is not expected to be harmful to aquatic life Environmental effects: based on the physical properties of this product, significant environmental persistance and bioaccumulation would not be expected. Adverse environmental effects are not known or expected under normal use VISCOGEL ED is a rheological additive for solvent-borne systems of low to medium polarity. that provides thixotropic effect, sag control, excellent levelling and prevents pigments from long-term storage settling. The nature of VISCOGEL ED is a bentonite clay, organically modified with a quaternary alkylammonium compound.Unlike most of the other conventional organoclays, VISCOGEL ED is selfactivating and easily dispersible, hence simple and convenient to use. VISCOGEL ED is used in a wide range of manufacturing processes for architectural paints, industrial finishes, anti-corrosive paints, road marking paints, primers, bitouminous undercoates, wood stains, to give the desired rheological control to the system. VISCOGEL ED shows particularly good performance in aliphatic mineral spirits and aromatics. Low polarity binders like alkyds and terpenes, petroleum derivatives and styrene-butadiene rubbers are also compatible with VISCOGEL ED. VISCOGEL ED belongs to the unconventional type of organoclays group, being an easy-to-disperse, selfactivating, organobentonite. VISCOGEL ED does not require neither strong mechanical energy to disperse nor a chemical (polar) activator to reach the proper level of delamination of the organobentonite platelet stacks. VISCOGEL ED can be added at any point in the paint manufacturing process and can be even used in post-addition to correct the final viscosity of a certain batch. Low temperature might be a cause of slow dispersion if VISCOGEL ED is added under low shear. VISCOGEL ED does not need to be pregelled to develop its full rheological properties. If however a pregel is convenient to be produced, this won’t show the same high viscosity of a conventional organoclay activated gel. VISCOGEL ED is not effective as a gellant in a solvent alone, but it provides the same rheological properties when added to the complete system. Level of addition strongly depends on the type of system and on the degree of thickening or other properties desired. For house and industrial paints, typical levels are between 0.2 % and 0.8 % of VISCOGEL ED. For primers and printing inks, higher levels are required (0.5-1.0 %). For strong antisagging properties, up to 3.0 % can be used.Compared to other products of its type it is also proved to be more versatile in terms of compatibility to a wide range of formulations. VISCOGEL ED Minerals is a self-activating, easy dispersible, highly purified, bentonite clay, organically modified with a quaternary alkyl ammonium compound. Acts as a rheology modifier. It is designed for solvent borne systems of low to medium polarity. Provides thixotropic effect, sag control, excellent levelling and prevents pigments for long-term pigment storage settling. Shows good performance in solvents like aliphatic mineral spirits and aromatics. It is compatible with low polarity binders like alkyds & terpenes, petroleum derivatives and styrene-butadiene rubbers.VISCOGEL ED is used for architectural paints, industrial finishes, anti-corrosive paints, road marking paints, primers, bituminous undercoats and wood stains. Recommended applications include house & industrial paints (at dosage level 0.2% - 0.8%), primers & printing inks (at dosage level 0.5% - 1.0%), and for applications with strong anti-sagging properties (at dosage level up to 3.0%). The shelf life of this product is 36 months.Low to medium polarity Self- activation Viscogel ED.We are engaged in the manufacture, trade and export of Thickening Agent Organoclay VISCOGEL ED that is widely used for preparing grease, inks, paints and coatings. Vastly recognized for their quality, longer shelf life, effective results and low cost, the offered thickening agents are quiet popular in the industry. Our valuable customers can avail the offered batch at reasonable rates.VISCOGEL ED are used, which are loaded in powder form when loading dry components.

Серия VISCOLOSE 1000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры средней вязкости, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 1000 может использоваться в качестве загустителя, стабилизатора, пленкообразователя, водоудерживающего или диспергирующего средства.
VISCOLOSE 1000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Номер CAS: 9004-32-4

Серия VISCOLOSE 1000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры с низкой VISCOLOSEю, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 1000 представляет собой сыпучий порошок от светло-кремового до белого цвета без запаха, который легко растворяется в воде с образованием прозрачных и вязких растворов.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE, полученные из натуральной целлюлозы, имеют минимальную чистоту 99,5%, не содержат ГМО и имеют сертификаты FSSC 22000, Halal и Kosher.
Продукты серии VISCOLOSE могут производиться в различных диапазонах вязкости, таких как низкая, средняя и высокая.

Благодаря функциям VISCOLOSE 1000 КМЦ высокой чистоты также подходит для таких применений, как батареи, фармацевтические препараты, продукты питания и средства личной гигиены.
Выбрав соответствующий продукт КМЦ под торговой маркой VISCOLOSE, конечные пользователи смогут достичь желаемой реологии в любых водосодержащих пищевых продуктах.

Серия VISCOLOSE 1000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры с низкой VISCOLOSEю, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

VISCOLOSE используется в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора для различных пищевых продуктов благодаря своей растворимости в воде.
VISCOLOSE 1000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Продукты VISCOLOSE могут производиться в широком диапазоне вязкостей, которые можно охарактеризовать как низкий, средний и высокий класс.
Также могут быть произведены специальные марки пищевой КМЦ, которая доступна в форме гранул, порошка или ультрапорошка с различными размерами частиц и различной VISCOLOSEю от 10 до 10 000 сП.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE Cellulose Gum представляют собой анионные полимеры, которые легко растворяются в горячей или холодной воде, обеспечивая уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

Целлюлозная камедь (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза CMC) производится из встречающейся в природе целлюлозы путем этерификации путем замены гидроксильных групп карбоксиметильными группами с целью превращения целлюлозы в водорастворимый полимер и последующей функционализации VISCOLOSE 1000 в пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 1000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.
VISCOLOSE – это серия целлюлозных камедей (высокоочищенная натриевая карбоксиметилцеллюлоза), предназначенных для пищевых, косметических и средств личной гигиены.

Применение ВИСКОЛОЗА 1000:

Неправильное использование:
ВИСКОЛОЗУ не следует использовать в дозе, превышающей дозу, указанную в стандартах на продукты для детского питания и диетические продукты.
VISCOLOSE 1000 нельзя употреблять непосредственно в пищу.

VISCOLOSE 1000 следует использовать ТОЛЬКО в пищевой промышленности.
Избегайте контакта с глазами, кожей и ртом, а также вдыхания и проглатывания.

Особенности и преимущества VISCOLOSE 1000:
Серия VISCOLOSE 1000 представляет собой специально очищенную целлюлозную камедь, соответствующую Регламенту Комиссии (ЕС) № 231/2012, для использования в пищевой промышленности.

Функции ВИСКОЛОЗА 1000:

Уникальные функции:

Целлюлозная камедь USK обеспечивает контроль над свойствами водных пищевых систем, устанавливая эффекты:
Утолщение
Стабилизирующий
Формирование пленки
Защитный коллоид
Задержка воды
Тиксотропия

Пищевая ценность (на 100 г):
Калорийность: 0 ккал
Пищевая клетчатка: минимум 85 г.
Нерастворимая клетчатка: макс. 0,1 г
% натрия (в пересчете на безводный материал): макс. 12.4

Микробиологическая информация:
VISCOLOSE 1000 соответствует нормативным микробиологическим критериям.

Количество аэробных тарелок: макс. 1000/г
Сальмонелла/25 г: Отрицательно
E. coli/ 10 г: Отрицательно
Колиформы, MPN/г: макс. 30
Дрожжи: макс. 100/г
Формы: макс. 100/г

Технологическая схема VISCOLOSE 1000:
Подготовка сырья и раствора
Реакция
Промывание спиртом
Сушка
Упаковка
Хранилище
Перевозки

Основные характеристики продукта VISCOLOSE 1000:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы
Исходный материал: карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия.
Метод обработки: Синтетический

VISCOLOSE VISCOLOSE 1000:
Температура оказывает обратное влияние на VISCOLOSE водных растворов КМЦ: при понижении температуры VISCOLOSE раствора восстанавливается до исходного значения.
Однако длительные периоды нагрева при высоких температурах, например, выше 90°C, сделают растворы постоянно разжижающими.

Концентрация КМЦ в растворе определяет значение вязкости.
Удвоение концентрации КМЦ приведет к увеличению вязкости раствора в 10 раз.

pH ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 1000:
Идеальное значение pH для стабильных растворов КМЦ составляет от 6 до 9.
При уменьшении pH VISCOLOSE раствора КМЦ может увеличиваться.
Однако в системах с pH ниже 3,0 КМЦ становится нерастворимой.

Окружающая среда VISCOLOSE 1000:
VISCOLOSE Целлюлозные камеди по своей сути являются аэробными, биоразлагаемыми и нетоксичными.

Другие характеристики VISCOLOSE 1000:
Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE по своей природе биоразлагаемы и нетоксичны.
VISCOLOSE целлюлозная камедь без вкуса, запаха и волокнистая.

Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE не являются аллергенами или не содержат аллергенных материалов и ГМО.
VISCOLOSE 1000 не вызывает побочных эффектов в соответствии с EUDIRECIVES 67/548/EEC, 1999/45/EC И РЕГЛАМЕНТОМ 1272/2008.

Упаковка, хранение и срок годности VISCOLOSE 1000:
Нетто 25 кг 3-слойные мешки из крафт-бумаги или мешки из крафт-бумаги с клапаном (плюс 1 слой полиэтилена с внутренним покрытием).
VISCOLOSE 1000 следует хранить в сухом и прохладном помещении, не допуская прямого контакта с солнечными лучами.

Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
VISCOLOSE 1000 рекомендуется хранить в закрытой таре, употребить в течение 24 месяцев с даты производства.

Обращение и хранение VISCOLOSE 1000:
Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
Па��еты следует хранить в прохладном и сухом помещении.
ВИСКОЛОЗНЫЕ целлюлозные камеди не являются опасными предметами с точки зрения правил перевозки.

Умение обращаться:

Совет по обращению:
Избегайте контакта с кожей, глазами и одеждой.
Избегайте проглатывания и вдыхания.

Избегайте длительного или многократного воздействия.
Снять загрязненную одежду и выстирать перед повторным использованием.
Тщательно промойте после обработки.

Хранилище:

Температура хранения:
хранить при температуре 10–25 °C.

Условия хранения:
хорошо закрыть контейнер

Требования к хранению:
Беречь от несовместимых веществ.
Храните контейнер в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом помещении.

Стабильность и реакционная способность VISCOLOSE 1000:

Условия, чтобы избежать:
Несовместимые материалы

Вещества, которых следует избегать:
Сильные окислители

Упаковка и доставка:
VISCOLOSE 1000 упакован в водонепроницаемую крафт-бумагу с внутренними полиэтиленовыми пакетами на поддоне.
Все поддоны соответствуют требованиям IPPC 15 и ISPM 15.
Весь упаковочный материал соответствует регламенту EC NO1935/2004 REGULATÄ°ON EC NO2023/2006.

Безопасность и меры предосторожности при использовании VISCOLOSE 1000:
Паспорт безопасности предоставляется по запросу.
VISCOLOSE 1000 соответствует требованиям OSHA-09-CFR 1910.1200 и (ЕС) 2015/830.

Перед использованием ознакомьтесь с паспортом безопасности для получения информации о безопасном использовании и нормативной информации.
Вы можете обратиться к своим торговым представителям для получения паспорта безопасности.

Сертификация ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 1000:
VISCOLOSE 1000 сертифицирован кошерно и халяльно и ISO - 9001.

Нормативный статус VISCOLOSE 1000:
VISCOLOSE 1000 соответствует действующим нормам Регламента Турции о пищевых добавках, Регламента Турции по маркировке пищевых продуктов, Регламента о загрязненных добавках, Регламента о микробиологических критериях, № 1333/2008 Европейского парламента и Совета, Общего стандарта Кодекса по маркировке пищевых продуктов.

Основные характеристики VISCOLOSE 1000:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы

Исходный материал:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия

Метод обработки:
Синтетический

Меры первой помощи ВИСКОЛОЗА 1000:

Первая помощь: глаз
Немедленно промойте глаза большим количеством проточной воды в течение 10–15 минут, держа веки раздвинутыми.
Проконсультируйтесь с офтальмологом.

Первая помощь: кожа
Немедленно промойте большим количеством воды с мылом в течение не менее 15 минут.
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.

Перед повторным использованием постирайте загрязненную одежду.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: проглатывание
Промыть рот водой, если человек находится в сознании.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: ингаляция
Вынесите пострадавшего на свежий воздух, обеспечьте ему тепло и покой.
Если дыхание нерегулярное или остановлено, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Позвоните врачу.

Советы врачу: лечение
Лечите симптоматически.

Противопожарные меры VISCOLOSE 1000:

Средства пожаротушения:

Подходящий:
пена, сухой огнетушительный порошок, диоксид углерода (CO2), струя воды

Опасности при тушении пожара:
токсичные пары

Защитное оборудование для пожаротушения:
Надевайте автономный дыхательный аппарат и одежду химической защиты.

Пожаротушение/Дополнительные советы:
Не вдыхайте взрывоопасные и дымовые газы.
Соберите загрязненную воду для пожаротушения отдельно.

Его нельзя сбрасывать в канализацию.
Переместите неповрежденные контейнеры из зоны непосредственной опасности, если это можно сделать безопасно.

Меры по предотвращению случайного выброса VISCOLOSE 1000:

Личные меры предосторожности:
При воздействии паров/пыли/аэрозолей надевайте дыхательный аппарат.
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию.

Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускать попадания в почву/подпочву.
Не допускать попадания в поверхностные воды или канализацию.
Убедитесь, что все сточные воды собираются и очищаются на очистных сооружениях.

Методы очистки или сбора:
нет в наличии

Дальнейшие меры при случайном выбросе:
Собрать в закрытые и подходящие контейнеры для утилизации.
Тщательно очистите загрязненные места.
Проветрить пораженное место.

Идентификаторы ВИСКОЛОЗА 1000:
Целлюлозная камедь, карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия
99,5% целлюлозная камедь + 0,4% соли натрия (хлорид натрия и гликолат натрия) + 0,1% вода.
25 кг
Номер CAS: 9004 - 32 - 4
СДЕЛАНО В ТУРЦИИ
Е466 для употребления в пищу.
Не содержащие аллергенов и ГМО.
Пищевая добавка
Подходит для промышленного использования
Не употреблять напрямую

Примечание. Этикетка соответствует требованиям FAD и FAO.

КОД ИНГРЕДИЕНТА: 85022
КАС: 9004-32-4
СТРАНА ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ: Турция

Номер CAS: [9004-32-4]
Код продукта: OC146465
MDL №: MFCD00081472
УЛЫБКИ: [*]O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])[C@@H](O[C@@H] 2[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])C([*])O[C@@H]2CO[R])C[C@H]1CO[ R].[*]CC(O)=O

Источник и происхождение продукта:
Изделия из жевательной резинки производятся из растительных источников (дерева и хлопка).
VISCOLOSE 1000 производится в Турции.

Функция использования:
Загуститель, стабилизатор, пленкообразователь, водоудерживающий или диспергатор.

Ингредиенты:
99,5% (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия) + 0,5% (хлорид натрия + гликолат натрия).

Свойства ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 1000:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): минимум 99,5%
Влажность (в упаковке): макс. 10 %.
Степень замещения (DS): 0,7 0,9
pH (1% раствор): 6,5-8,5
Объемная плотность (г/л): мин. 500
Распределение частиц по размерам - P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1%
Общий гликолат: макс. 0,4 %.
Тяжелые металлы (как Pb): максимум 10 частей на миллион.

Технические характеристики ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 1000:
Внешний вид: Бело-кремовый порошок в виде гранул.
Влажность: Макс. 10%
pH (1% водный раствор): 6,5 – 8,5
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): Мин. 99,5%
Степень замещения: 0,75 – 0,95.
VISCOLOSE (2% водный раствор, 25°C): 900–2500 сП.
Всего гликолата: Макс. 0,4%
Мышьяк: Макс. 3 ч/млн
Ведущий: Макс. 2 частей на миллион
Меркурий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Кадмий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Натрий: Макс. 12,4%
Размер частиц (тип G): P > 1,4 мм: макс. 3 %.
Размер частиц (тип G): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 15 %.
Размер частиц (тип N): P > 1 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип N): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 50 %.
Размер частиц (тип P): P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1 %.
Размер частиц (тип UP): P > 0,15 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип UP): P < 0,075 мм: мин. 80 %.

Стандартные сорта ВИСКОЛЫ:

Наименования продуктов - Концентрация, % сухого вещества - Диапазон вязкости - Категория

VISCOLOSE 300 - 2 - 50-150 - Низкая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 10000 - 2 - 150-400 - Низкая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 1000 - 2 - 400-900 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 1.000 - 2 - 900-1800 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 2.000 - 2 - 1800-3000 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 5.000 - 1 - 300-700 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 10.000 - 1 - 700-1200 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 20.000 - 1 - 1200-3000 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 40.000 - 1 - 3000-4200 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 50.000 - 1 - Мин. 4200 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 80.000 - 1 - Мин. 6000 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 1000.000 - 1 - Мин. 10000 - Тиксотропный

Серия VISCOLOSE 100000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры сверхвысокой вязкости, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 100000 может использоваться в качестве загустителя, стабилизатора, пленкообразователя, водоудерживающего или диспергирующего средства.
VISCOLOSE 100000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Номер CAS: 9004-32-4
Молекулярная формула: [C6H7O2(OH)x(OCH2COONa)y]

VISCOLOSE 100000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия, которая не имеет вкуса и запаха и действует как загуститель, стабилизатор или диспергатор в пищевой, фармацевтической и косметической промышленности.

Серия VISCOLOSE 100000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры сверхвысокой вязкости, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 100000 представляет собой сыпучий порошок от светло-кремового до белого цвета без запаха, который легко растворяется в воде с образованием прозрачных и вязких растворов.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE, полученные из натуральной целлюлозы, имеют минимальную чистоту 99,5%, не содержат ГМО и имеют сертификаты FSSC 22000, Halal и Kosher.
Продукты серии VISCOLOSE могут производиться в различных диапазонах вязкости, таких как низкая, средняя и высокая.

Благодаря функциям VISCOLOSE 100000 КМЦ высокой чистоты также подходит для таких применений, как батареи, фармацевтические препараты, продукты питания и средства личной гигиены.
Выбрав соответствующий продукт КМЦ под торговой маркой VISCOLOSE, конечные пользователи смогут достичь желаемой реологии в любых водосодержащих пищевых продуктах.

Серия VISCOLOSE 100000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры низкой вязкости, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

VISCOLOSE используется в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора для различных пищевых продуктов благодаря своей растворимости в воде.
VISCOLOSE 100000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Продукты VISCOLOSE могут производиться в широком диапазоне вязкостей, которые можно охарактеризовать как низкий, средний и высокий класс.
Также могут быть произведены специальные марки пищевой КМЦ, которая доступна в форме гранул, порошка или ультрапорошка с различными размерами частиц и различной вязкостью от 10 до 10 000 сП.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE Cellulose Gum представляют собой анионные полимеры, которые легко растворяются в горячей или холодной воде, обеспечивая уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

Целлюлозная камедь (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза CMC) производится из встречающейся в природе целлюлозы путем этерификации путем замены гидроксильных групп карбоксиметильными группами с целью превращения целлюлозы в водорастворимый полимер и последующей функционализации VISCOLOSE 100000 в пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 100000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.
VISCOLOSE – это серия целлюлозных камедей (высокоочищенная натриевая карбоксиметилцеллюлоза), предназначенных для пищевых, косметических и средств личной гигиены.

VISCOLOSE 100000 представляет собой карбоксиметилцеллюлозу низкой вязкости.
Вязкость 4%-ного раствора в воде при 25°С составляет 50-200 сантипуаз (сП).

Вязкость зависит как от концентрации, так и от температуры.
С повышением температуры вязкость уменьшается.

По мере увеличения концентрации вязкость увеличивается.
В качестве суспендирующих агентов используются VISCOLOSE 100000 низкой, средней и высокой вязкости.

VISCOLOSE 100000 низкой вязкости обычно используется в «тонких» водных растворах.
VISCOLOSE 100000 средней вязкости используется для приготовления растворов, похожих на сироп.
VISCOLOSE 100000 высокой вязкости используется для приготовления смеси, напоминающей крем или лосьон.

Применение ВИСКОЛОЗА 100000:
VISCOLOSE 100000, доступные с различной вязкостью, используются в качестве модификаторов вязкости (загустителей) для стабилизации эмульсий, а также в качестве химических диспергаторов масел и других углеродных структур, таких как нанотрубки.
VISCOLOSE 100000 используются при разработке биоструктур, таких как биопленки, эмульсии и наночастицы для доставки лекарств.
VISCOLOSE 100000, низкой вязкости, может использоваться для придания растворам консистенции «тонких» водных растворов.

Применение ВИСКОЛОЗА 100000:

Неправильное использование:
ВИСКОЛОЗУ не следует использовать в дозе, превышающей дозу, указанную в стандартах на детские и диетические продукты.
VISCOLOSE 100000 нельзя употреблять непосредственно в пищу.

VISCOLOSE 100000 следует использовать ТОЛЬКО в пищевой промышленности.
Избегайте контакта с глазами, кожей и ртом, а также вдыхания и проглатывания.

Особенности и преимущества VISCOLOSE 100000:
Серия VISCOLOSE 100000 представляет собой специально очищенную целлюлозную камедь, соответствующую Регламенту Комиссии (ЕС) № 231/2012, для использования в пищевой промышленности.

Функции ВИСКОЛОЗА 100000:

Уникальные функции:

Целлюлозная камедь USK обеспечивает контроль над свойствами водных пищевых систем, устанавливая эффекты:
Утолщение
Стабилизирующий
Формирование пленки
Защитный коллоид
Задержка воды
Тиксотропия

Пищевая ценность (на 100 г):
Калорийность: 0 ккал
Пищевая клетчатка: минимум 85 г.
Нерастворимая клетчатка: макс. 0,1 г
% натрия (в пересчете на безводный материал): макс. 12.4

Микробиологическая информация:
VISCOLOSE 100000 соответствует нормативным микробиологическим критериям.

Количество аэробных тарелок: макс. 1000/г
Сальмонелла/25 г: Отрицательно
E. coli/ 10 г: Отрицательно
Колиформы, MPN/г: макс. 30
Дрожжи: макс. 100/г
Формы: макс. 100/г

Блок-схема VISCOLOSE 100000:
Подготовка сырья и раствора
Реакция
Промывание спиртом
Сушка
Упаковка
Хранилище
Перевозки

Примечание по приготовлению VISCOLOSE 100000:
ВИСКОЛОЗА 100000 растворима в воде (40 мг/мл).
Ключом к растворению карбоксиметилцеллюлозы является осторожное добавление твердого вещества в воду так, чтобы оно хорошо диспергировалось (хорошо смачивалось).

Может потребоваться добавление твердого вещества порциями.
Добавление воды к сухому твердому веществу приводит к образованию «комка» твердого вещества, который очень трудно растворить; твердое вещество необходимо добавлять в воду.

Аккуратно перемешайте или периодически встряхивайте; не перемешивайте постоянно магнитной мешалкой.
Высокая температура не требуется и может фактически замедлить процесс солюбилизации.

Смесительное устройство, такое как мешалка с крыльчаткой, создающая завихрение, позволит втягивать порошок в жидкость, но может вызвать некоторое сдвиговое усилие.

ВИСКОЛОЗА 100000 растворима в воде (40 мг/мл).
Ключом к растворению карбоксиметилцеллюлозы является осторожное добавление твердого вещества в воду, чтобы оно хорошо диспергировалось (хорошо смачивалось).

Может потребоваться добавление твердого вещества порциями.
Добавление воды к сухому твердому веществу приводит к образованию «комка» твердого вещества, который очень трудно растворить; твердое вещество необходимо добавлять в воду.

Аккуратно перемешайте или периодически встряхивайте; не перемешивайте постоянно магнитной мешалкой.
Высокая температура не требуется и может фактически замедлить процесс солюбилизации.

Смесительное устройство, такое как мешалка с крыльчаткой, создающая завихрение, позволит втягивать порошок в жидкость, но может вызвать некоторое сдвиговое усилие.

В нормальных условиях влияние температуры на растворы этого продукта обратимо, поэтому небольшое изменение температуры не оказывает постоянного влияния на вязкость.
Однако длительное нагревание растворов VISCOLOSE 100000 при высоких температурах (автоклавирование) приведет к ухудшению качества продукта и необратимому снижению вязкости.

Поэтому VISCOLOSE 100000 очень сложно стерилизовать.
γ-Облучение, как и нагревание, приводит к разложению ВИСКОЛОЗНОГО 100000.

Высокая вязкость VISCOLOSE 100000 более подвержена воздействию автоклавирования и облучения, чем низкая вязкость VISCOLOSE 4000.
Фильтрация растворов VISCOLOSE 100000 имеет тенденцию оставлять после себя гель, поскольку материал волокнистый, поэтому растворы нельзя фильтровать в стерильных условиях.

Основные характеристики продукта VISCOLOSE 100000:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы
Исходный материал: карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия.
Метод обработки: Синтетический

Вязкость VISCOLOSE 100000:
Температура оказывает обратное влияние на вязкость водных растворов КМЦ: при понижении температуры вязкость раствора восстанавливается до исходного значения.
Однако длительные периоды нагрева при высоких температурах, например, выше 90°C, сделают растворы постоянно разжижающими.

Концентрация КМЦ в растворе определяет значение вязкости.
Удвоение концентрации КМЦ приведет к увеличению вязкости раствора в 10 раз.

pH ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 100000:
Идеальное значение pH для стабильных растворов КМЦ составляет от 6 до 9.
При уменьшении pH вязкость раствора КМЦ может увеличиваться.
Однако в системах с pH ниже 3,0 КМЦ становится нерастворимой.

Окружающая среда VISCOLOSE 100000:
VISCOLOSE Целлюлозные камеди по своей сути являются аэробными, биоразлагаемыми и нетоксичными.

Другие характеристики VISCOLOSE 100000:
Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE по своей природе биоразлагаемы и нетоксичны.
VISCOLOSE целлюлозная камедь без вкуса, запаха и волокнистая.

Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE не являются аллергенами или не содержат аллергенных материалов и ГМО.
VISCOLOSE 100000 не оказывает никакого побочного эффекта в соответствии с EUDIRECIVES 67/548/EEC, 1999/45/EC И РЕГЛАМЕНТОМ 1272/2008.

Упаковка, хранение и срок годности VISCOLOSE 100000:
Нетто 25 кг 3-слойные мешки из крафт-бумаги или мешки из крафт-бумаги с клапаном (плюс 1 слой полиэтилена с внутренним покрытием).
VISCOLOSE 100000 следует хранить в сухом и прохладном помещении, не допуская прямого контакта с солнечными лучами.

Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
VISCOLOSE 100000 рекомендуется хранить в закрытой таре, употребить в течение 24 месяцев с даты производства.

Обращение и хранение ВИСКОЛОЗА 100000:
Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
Пакет�� следует хранить в прохладном и сухом помещении.
ВИСКОЛОЗНЫЕ целлюлозные камеди не являются опасными предметами с точки зрения правил перевозки.

Умение обращаться:

Совет по обращению:
Избегайте контакта с кожей, глазами и одеждой.
Избегайте проглатывания и вдыхания.

Избегайте длительного или многократного воздействия.
Снять загрязненную одежду и выстирать перед повторным использованием.
Тщательно промойте после обработки.

Хранилище:

Температура хранения:
хранить при температуре 10–25 °C.

Условия хранения:
хорошо закрыть контейнер

Требования к хранению:
Беречь от несовместимых веществ.
Храните контейнер в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом помещении.

Стабильность и реакционная способность VISCOLOSE 100000:

Условия, чтобы избежать:
Несовместимые материалы

Вещества, которых следует избегать:
Сильные окислители

Упаковка и доставка:
VISCOLOSE 100000 упакован в водонепроницаемую крафт-бумагу с внутренними полиэтиленовыми пакетами на поддоне.
Все поддоны соответствуют требованиям IPPC 15 и ISPM 15.
Весь упаковочный материал соответствует регламенту EC NO1935/2004 REGULATÄ°ON EC NO2023/2006.

Безопасность и меры предосторожности при использовании VISCOLOSE 100000:
Паспорт безопасности предоставляется по запросу.
VISCOLOSE 100000 соответствует требованиям OSHA-09-CFR 1910.1200 и (ЕС) 2015/830.

Перед использованием ознакомьтесь с паспортом безопасности для получения информации о безопасном использовании и нормативной информации.
Вы можете обратиться к своим торговым представителям для получения паспорта безопасности.

Сертификация ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 100000:
VISCOLOSE 100000 сертифицирован кошерно и халяльно и ISO - 9001.

Нормативный статус VISCOLOSE 100000:
VISCOLOSE 100000 соответствует действующим нормам Регламента Турции о пищевых добавках, Регламента Турции по маркировке пищевых продуктов, Регламента о загрязненных добавках, Регламента о микробиологических критериях, № 1333/2008 Европейского парламента и Совета, Общего стандарта Кодекса по маркировке пищевых продуктов.

Основные характеристики VISCOLOSE 100000:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы

Исходный материал:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия

Метод обработки:
Синтетический

Меры первой помощи ВИСКОЛОЗА 100000:

Первая помощь: глаз
Немедленно промойте глаза большим количеством проточной воды в течение 10–15 минут, держа веки раздвинутыми.
Проконсультируйтесь с офтальмологом.

Первая помощь: кожа
Немедленно промойте большим количеством воды с мылом в течение не менее 15 минут.
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.

Перед повторным использованием постирайте загрязненную одежду.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: проглатывание
Промыть рот водой, если человек находится в сознании.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: ингаляция
Вынесите пострадавшего на свежий воздух, обеспечьте ему тепло и покой.
Если дыхание нерегулярное или остановлено, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Позвоните врачу.

Советы врачу: лечение
Лечите симптоматически.

Противопожарные меры VISCOLOSE 100000:

Средства пожаротушения:

Подходящий:
пена, сухой огнетушительный порошок, диоксид углерода (CO2), струя воды

Опасности при тушении пожара:
токсичные пары

Защитное оборудование для пожаротушения:
Надевайте автономный дыхательный аппарат и одежду химической защиты.

Пожаротушение/Дополнительные советы:
Не вдыхайте взрывоопасные и дымовые газы.
Соберите загрязненную воду для пожаротушения отдельно.

Его нельзя сбрасывать в канализацию.
Переместите неповрежденные контейнеры из зоны непосредственной опасности, если это можно сделать безопасно.

Меры по случайному высвобождению VISCOLOSE 100000:

Личные меры предосторожности:
При воздействии паров/пыли/аэрозолей надевайте дыхательный аппарат.
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию.

Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускать попадания в почву/подпочву.
Не допускать попадания в поверхностные воды или канализацию.
Убедитесь, что все сточные воды собираются и очищаются на очистных сооружениях.

Методы очистки или сбора:
нет в наличии

Дальнейшие меры при случайном выбросе:
Собрать в закрытые и подходящие контейнеры для утилизации.
Тщательно очистите загрязненные места.
Проветрить пораженное место.

Идентификаторы ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 100000:
Целлюлозная камедь, карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия
99,5% целлюлозная камедь + 0,4% соли натрия (хлорид натрия и гликолат натрия) + 0,1% вода.
25 кг
Номер CAS: 9004 - 32 - 4
СДЕЛАНО В ТУРЦИИ
Е466 для употребления в пищу.
Не содержащие аллергенов и ГМО.
Пищевая добавка
Подходит для промышленного использования
Не употреблять напрямую

Примечание. Этикетка соответствует требованиям FAD и FAO.

КОД ИНГРЕДИЕНТА: 85022
КАС: 9004-32-4
СТРАНА ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ: Турция

Номер CAS: [9004-32-4]
Код продукта: OC146465
MDL №: MFCD00081472
УЛЫБКИ: [*]O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])[C@@H](O[C@@H] 2[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])C([*])O[C@@H]2CO[R])C[C@H]1CO[ R].[*]CC(O)=O

Источник и происхождение продукта:
Изделия из жевательной резинки производятся из растительных источников (дерева и хлопка).
VISCOLOSE 100000 производится в Турции.

Функция использования:
Загуститель, стабилизатор, пленкообразователь, водоудерживающий или диспергатор.

Ингредиенты:
99,5% (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия) + 0,5% (хлорид натрия + гликолат натрия).

Свойства ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 100000:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): минимум 99,5%
Влажность (в упаковке): макс. 10 %.
Степень замещения (DS): 0,7 0,9
pH (1% раствор): 6,5-8,5
Объемная плотность (г/л): мин. 500
Распределение частиц по размерам - P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1%
Общий гликолат: макс. 0,4 %.
Тяжелые металлы (как Pb): максимум 10 частей на миллион.

биологический источник: синтетический (органический)
форма: порошок
цвет: светло-желтый
полезный диапазон pH: (20 °C, 10 г/л, 68 °F нейтральный)
вязкость: 50-200 сП, 4 % в H2O(25°C)
Т.пл.: > 300,05 °C ((> 572,09 °F))
растворимость: вода: растворим
следы катионов: Na: 6,5-9,5%
температура хранения: комнатная температура
ИнХI: 1S/C6H12O6.C2H4O2.Na/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8;1-2(3)4;/h1,3-6,8 -12H,2H2;1H3,(H,3,4);
Ключ ИнЧИ: DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Технические характеристики ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 100000:
Внешний вид: Бело-кремовый порошок в виде гранул.
Влажность: Макс. 10%
pH (1% водный раствор): 6,5 – 8,5
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): Мин. 99,5%
Степень замещения: 0,75 – 0,95.
Вязкость (2% водный раствор, 25°C): 7500–9000 сП.
Всего гликолата: Макс. 0,4%
Мышьяк: Макс. 3 ч/млн
Ведущий: Макс. 2 частей на миллион
Меркурий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Кадмий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Натрий: Макс. 12,4%
Размер частиц (тип G): P > 1,4 мм: макс. 3 %.
Размер частиц (тип G): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 15 %.
Размер частиц (тип N): P > 1 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип N): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 50 %.
Размер частиц (тип P): P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1 %.
Размер частиц (тип UP): P > 0,15 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип UP): P < 0,075 мм: мин. 80 %.

Стандартные сорта VISCOLOSE:

Наименования продуктов - Концентрация, % сухого вещества - Диапазон вязкости - Категория

VISCOLOSE 300 - 2 - 50-150 - Низкая вязкость
VISCOLOSE 1000000 - 2 - 150-400 - Низкая вязкость
VISCOLOSE 100000 - 2 - 400-900 - Средняя вязкость
VISCOLOSE 1.000 - 2 - 900-1800 - Средняя вязкость
VISCOLOSE 2.000 - 2 - 1800-3000 - Средняя вязкость
VISCOLOSE 5.000 - 1 - 300-700 - Высокая вязкость
VISCOLOSE 10.000 - 1 - 700-1200 - Высокая вязкость
VISCOLOSE 20.000 - 1 - 1200-3000 - Высокая вязкость
VISCOLOSE 40.000 - 1 - 3000-4200 - Высокая вязкость
VISCOLOSE 50.000 - 1 - Мин. 4200 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 80.000 - 1 - Мин. 6000 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 100000.000 - 1 - Мин. 10000 - Тиксотропный

VISCOLOSE 500 может использоваться в качестве загустителя, стабилизатора, пленкообразователя, водоудерживающего или диспергирующего средства.
VISCOLOSE 500, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.
VISCOLOSE – это серия целлюлозных камедей (высокоочищенная натриевая карбоксиметилцеллюлоза), предназначенных для пищевых, косметических и средств личной гигиены.

Номер CAS: 9004-32-4

Серия VISCOLOSE 500 — целлюлозные жевательные резинки, представляющие собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры с низкой VISCOLOSEю, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 500 представляет собой сыпучий порошок от светло-кремового до белого цвета без запаха, который легко растворяется в воде с образованием прозрачных и вязких растворов.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE, полученные из натуральной целлюлозы, имеют минимальную чистоту 99,5%, не содержат ГМО и имеют сертификаты FSSC 22000, Halal и Kosher.
Продукты серии VISCOLOSE мог��т производиться в различных диапазонах вязкости, таких как низкая, средняя и высокая.

Благодаря функциям VISCOLOSE 500 КМЦ высокой чистоты также подходит для таких применений, как батареи, фармацевтика, продукты питания и средства личной гигиены.
Выбрав соответствующий продукт КМЦ под торговой маркой VISCOLOSE, конечные пользователи смогут достичь желаемой реологии в любых водосодержащих пищевых продуктах.

Серия VISCOLOSE 500 — целлюлозные жевательные резинки, представляющие собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры с низкой VISCOLOSEю, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

VISCOLOSE используется в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора для различных пищевых продуктов благодаря своей растворимости в воде.
VISCOLOSE 500, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Продукты VISCOLOSE могут производиться в широком диапазоне вязкостей, которые можно охарактеризовать как низкий, средний и высокий класс.
Также могут быть произведены специальные марки пищевой КМЦ, которая доступна в форме гранул, порошка или ультрапорошка с различными размерами частиц и различной VISCOLOSEю от 10 до 10 000 сП.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE Cellulose Gum представляют собой анионные полимеры, которые легко растворяются в горячей или холодной воде, обеспечивая уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

Целлюлозная камедь (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза CMC) производится из встречающейся в природе целлюлозы путем этерификации путем замены гидроксильных групп карбоксиметильными группами с целью превращения целлюлозы в водорастворимый полимер и последующей функционализации VISCOLOSE 500 в пищевых продуктах.

Применение VISCOLOSE 500:

Неправильное использование:
ВИСКОЛОЗУ не следует использовать в дозе, превышающей дозу, указанную в стандартах на продукты для детского питания и диетические продукты.
VISCOLOSE 500 нельзя употреблять непосредственно в пищу.

VISCOLOSE 500 следует использовать ТОЛЬКО в пищевой промышленности.
Избегайте контакта с глазами, кожей и ртом, а также вдыхания и проглатывания.

Особенности и преимущества VISCOLOSE 500:
Серия VISCOLOSE 500 представляет собой специально очищенную целлюлозную камедь, соответствующую Регламенту Комиссии (ЕС) № 231/2012, для использования в пищевой промышленности.

Функции VISCOLOSE 500:

Уникальные функции:

Целлюлозная камедь USK обеспечивает контроль над свойствами водных пищевых систем, устанавливая эффекты:
Утолщение
Стабилизирующий
Формирование пленки
Защитный коллоид
Задержка воды
Тиксотропия

Пищевая ценность (на 100 г):
Калорийность: 0 ккал
Пищевая клетчатка: минимум 85 г.
Нерастворимая клетчатка: макс. 0,1 г
% натрия (в пересчете на безводный материал): макс. 12.4

Микробиологическая информация:
VISCOLOSE 500 соответствует нормативным микробиологическим критериям.

Количество аэробных тарелок: макс. 1000/г
Сальмонелла/25 г: Отрицательно
E. coli/ 10 г: Отрицательно
Колиформы, MPN/г: макс. 30
Дрожжи: макс. 100/г
Формы: макс. 100/г

Технологическая схема VISCOLOSE 500:
Подготовка сырья и раствора
Реакция
Промывание спиртом
Сушка
Упаковка
Хранилище
Перевозки

VISCOLOSE VISCOLOSE 500:
Температура оказывает обратное влияние на VISCOLOSE водных растворов КМЦ: при понижении температуры VISCOLOSE раствора восстанавливается до исходного значения.
Однако длительные периоды нагрева при высоких температурах, например, выше 90°C, сделают растворы постоянно разжижающими.

Концентрация КМЦ в растворе определяет значение вязкости.
Удвоение концентрации КМЦ приведет к увеличению вязкости раствора в 10 раз.

pH ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 500:
Идеальное значение pH для стабильных растворов КМЦ составляет от 6 до 9.
При уменьшении pH VISCOLOSE раствора КМЦ может увеличиваться.
Однако в системах с pH ниже 3,0 КМЦ становится нерастворимой.

Окружающая среда VISCOLOSE 500:
VISCOLOSE Целлюлозные камеди по своей сути являются аэробными, биоразлагаемыми и нетоксичными.

Другие характеристики VISCOLOSE 500:
Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE по своей природе биоразлагаемы и нетоксичны.
VISCOLOSE целлюлозная камедь без вкуса, запаха и волокнистая.

Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE не являются аллергенами или не содержат аллергенных материалов и ГМО.
VISCOLOSE 500 не вызывает побочных эффектов в соответствии с EUDIRECIVES 67/548/EEC, 1999/45/EC И РЕГЛАМЕНТОМ 1272/2008.

Упаковка, хранение и срок годности VISCOLOSE 500:
Нетто 25 кг 3-слойные мешки из крафт-бумаги или мешки из крафт-бумаги с клапаном (плюс 1 слой полиэтилена с внутренним покрытием).
VISCOLOSE 500 следует хранить в сухом и прохладном помещении, не допуская прямого контакта с солнечными лучами.

Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
VISCOLOSE 500 рекомендуется хранить в закрытой таре, употребить в течение 24 месяцев с даты производства.

Обращение и хранение VISCOLOSE 500:
Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
Пакеты следует хранить в прохладном и сухом помещении.
ВИСКОЛОЗНЫЕ целлюлозные камеди не являются опасными предметами с точки зрения правил перевозки.

Умение обращаться:

Совет по обращению:
Избегайте контакта с кожей, глазами и одеждой.
Избегайте проглатывания и вдыхания.

Избегайте длительного или многократного воздействия.
Снять загрязненную одежду и выстирать перед повторным использованием.
Тщательно промойте после обработки.

Хранилище:

Температура хранения:
хранить при температуре 10–25 °C.

Условия хранения:
хорошо закрыть контейнер

Требования к хранению:
Беречь от несовместимых веществ.
Храните контейнер в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом помещении.

Стабильность и реакционная способность VISCOLOSE 500:

Условия, чтобы избежать:
Несовместимые материалы

Вещества, которых следует избегать:
Сильные окислители

Упаковка и доставка:
VISCOLOSE 500 упаковывается в водонепроницаемую крафт-бумагу с внутренними полиэтиленовыми пакетами на поддоне.
Все поддоны соответствуют требованиям IPPC 15 и ISPM 15.
Весь упаковочный материал соответствует регламенту EC NO1935/2004 REGULATÄ°ON EC NO2023/2006.

Безопасность и меры предосторожности при использовании VISCOLOSE 500:
Паспорт безопасности предоставляется по запросу.
VISCOLOSE 500 соответствует требованиям OSHA-09-CFR 1910.1200 и (ЕС) 2015/830.

Перед использованием ознакомьтесь с паспортом безопасности для получения информации о безопасном использовании и нормативной информации.
Вы можете обратиться к своим торговым представителям для получения паспорта безопасности.

Сертификация ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 500:
VISCOLOSE 500 сертифицирован кошерно и халяльно и ISO - 9001.

Нормативный статус VISCOLOSE 500:
VISCOLOSE 500 соответствует действующим нормам Регламента Турции о пищевых добавках, Регламента Турции по маркировке пищевых продуктов, Регламента о загрязненных добавках, Регламента о микробиологических критериях, № 1333/2008 Европейского парламента и Совета, Общего стандарта Кодекса по маркировке пищевых продуктов.

Основные характеристики VISCOLOSE 500:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы

Исходный материал:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия

Метод обработки:
Синтетический

Меры первой помощи VISCOLOSE 500:

Первая помощь: глаз
Немедленно промойте глаза большим количеством проточной воды в течение 10–15 минут, держа веки раздвинутыми.
Проконсультируйтесь с офтальмологом.

Первая помощь: кожа
Немедленно промойте большим количеством воды с мылом в течение не менее 15 минут.
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.

Перед повторным использованием постирайте загрязненную одежду.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: проглатывание
Промыть рот водой, если человек находится в сознании.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: ингаляция
Вынесите пострадавшего на свежий воздух, обеспечьте ему тепло и покой.
Если дыхание нерегулярное или остановлено, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Позвоните врачу.

Советы врачу: лечение
Лечите симптоматически.

Противопожарные меры VISCOLOSE 500:

Средства пожаротушения:

Подходящий:
пена, сухой огнетушительный порошок, диоксид углерода (CO2), струя воды

Опасности при тушении пожара:
токсичные пары

Защитное оборудование для пожаротушения:
Надевайте автономный дыхательный аппарат и одежду химической защиты.

Пожаротушение/Дополнительные советы:
Не вдыхайте взрывоопасные и дымовые газы.
Соберите загрязненную воду для пожаротушения отдельно.

Его нельзя сбрасывать в канализацию.
Переместите неповрежденные контейнеры из зоны непосредственной опасности, если это можно сделать безопасно.

Меры по случайному высвобождению VISCOLOSE 500:

Личные меры предосторожности:
При воздействии паров/пыли/аэрозолей надевайте дыхательный аппарат.
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию.

Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускать попадания в почву/подпочву.
Не допускать попадания в пове��хностные воды или канализацию.
Убедитесь, что все сточные воды собираются и очищаются на очистных сооружениях.

Методы очистки или сбора:
нет в наличии

Дальнейшие меры при случайном выбросе:
Собрать в закрытые и подходящие контейнеры для утилизации.
Тщательно очистите загрязненные места.
Проветрить пораженное место.

Идентификаторы VISCOLOSE 500:
Целлюлозная камедь, карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия
99,5% целлюлозная камедь + 0,4% соли натрия (хлорид натрия и гликолат натрия) + 0,1% вода.
25 кг
Номер CAS: 9004 - 32 - 4
СДЕЛАНО В ТУРЦИИ
Е466 для употребления в пищу.
Не содержащие аллергенов и ГМО.
Пищевая добавка
Подходит для промышленного использования
Не употреблять напрямую

Примечание. Этикетка соответствует требованиям FAD и FAO.

КОД ИНГРЕДИЕНТА: 85022
КАС: 9004-32-4
СТРАНА ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ: Турция

Номер CAS: [9004-32-4]
Код продукта: OC146465
MDL №: MFCD00081472
УЛЫБКИ: [*]O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])[C@@H](O[C@@H] 2[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])C([*])O[C@@H]2CO[R])C[C@H]1CO[ R].[*]CC(O)=O

Источник и происхождение продукта:
Изделия из жевательной резинки производятся из растительных источников (дерева и хлопка).
VISCOLOSE 500 производится в Турции.

Функция использования:
Загуститель, стабилизатор, пленкообразователь, водоудерживающий или диспергатор.

Ингредиенты:
99,5% (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия) + 0,5% (хлорид натрия + гликолат натрия).

Свойства ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 500:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): минимум 99,5%
Влажность (в упаковке): макс. 10 %.
Степень замещения (DS): 0,7 0,9
pH (1% раствор): 6,5-8,5
Объемная плотность (г/л): мин. 500
Распределение частиц по размерам - P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1%
Общий гликолат: макс. 0,4 %.
Тяжелые металлы (как Pb): максимум 10 частей на миллион.

Технические характеристики VISCOLOSE 500:
Внешний вид: Бело-кремовый порошок в виде гранул.
Влажность: Макс. 10%
pH (1% водный раствор): 6,5 – 8,5
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): Мин. 99,5%
Степень замещения: 0,75 – 0,95.
VISCOLOSE (2% водный раствор, 25°C): 400–900 сП.
Всего гликолата: Макс. 0,4%
Мышьяк: Макс. 3 ч/млн
Ведущий: Макс. 2 частей на миллион
Меркурий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Кадмий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Натрий: Макс. 12,4%
Размер частиц (тип G): P > 1,4 мм: макс. 3 %.
Размер частиц (тип G): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 15 %.
Размер частиц (тип N): P > 1 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип N): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 50 %.
Размер частиц (тип P): P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1 %.
Размер частиц (тип UP): P > 0,15 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип UP): P < 0,075 мм: мин. 80 %.

Стандартные сорта ВИСКОЛЫ:

Наименования продуктов - Концентрация, % сухого вещества - Диапазон вязкости - Категория

VISCOLOSE 300 - 2 - 50-150 - Низкая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 5000 - 2 - 150-400 - Низкая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 500 - 2 - 400-900 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 1.000 - 2 - 900-1800 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 2.000 - 2 - 1800-3000 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 5.000 - 1 - 300-700 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 10.000 - 1 - 700-1200 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 20.000 - 1 - 1200-3000 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 40.000 - 1 - 3000-4200 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 50.000 - 1 - Мин. 4200 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 80.000 - 1 - Мин. 6000 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 500.000 - 1 - Мин. 10000 - Тиксотропный

Серия VISCOLOSE 60000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры сверхвысокой вязкости, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 60000 может использоваться в качестве загустителя, стабилизатора, пленкообразователя, водоудерживающего или диспергирующего средства.
VISCOLOSE 60000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Номер CAS: 9004-32-4
Молекулярная формула: [C6H7O2(OH)x(OCH2COONa)y]

VISCOLOSE 60000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия, которая не имеет вкуса и запаха и действует как загуститель, стабилизатор или диспергатор в пищевой, фармацевтической и косметической промышленности.

Серия VISCOLOSE 60000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры сверхвысокой вязкости, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 60000 представляет собой сыпучий порошок от светло-кремового до белого цвета без запаха, который легко растворяется в воде с образованием прозрачных и вязких растворов.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE, полученные из натуральной целлюлозы, имеют минимальную чистоту 99,5%, не содержат ГМО и имеют сертификаты FSSC 22000, Halal и Kosher.
Продукты серии VISCOLOSE могут производиться в различных диапазонах вязкости, таких как низкая, средняя и высокая.

Благодаря функциям VISCOLOSE 60000 КМЦ высокой чистоты также подходит для таких применений, как батареи, фармацевтические препараты, продукты питания и средства личной гигиены.
Выбрав соответствующий продукт КМЦ под торговой маркой VISCOLOSE, конечные пользователи смогут достичь желаемой реологии в любых водосодержащих пищевых продуктах.

Серия VISCOLOSE 60000 — целлюлозные жевательные резинки, представляющие собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры с низкой VISCOLOSEю, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

VISCOLOSE используется в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора для различных пищевых продуктов благодаря своей растворимости в воде.
VISCOLOSE 60000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Продукты VISCOLOSE могут производиться в широком диапазоне вязкостей, которые можно охарактеризовать как низкий, средний и высокий класс.
Также могут быть произведены специальные марки пищевой КМЦ, которая доступна в форме гранул, порошка или ультрапорошка с различными размерами частиц и различной VISCOLOSEю от 10 до 10 000 сП.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE Cellulose Gum представляют собой анионные полимеры, которые легко растворяются в горячей или холодной воде, обеспечивая уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

Целлюлозная камедь (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза CMC) производится из встречающейся в природе целлюлозы путем этерификации путем замены гидроксильных групп карбоксиметильными группами с целью превращения целлюлозы в водорастворимый полимер и последующей функционализации VISCOLOSE 60000 в пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 60000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.
VISCOLOSE – это серия целлюлозных камедей (высокоочищенная натриевая карбоксиметилцеллюлоза), предназначенных для пищевых, косметических и средств личной гигиены.

VISCOLOSE 60000 представляет собой карбоксиметилцеллюлозу низкой вязкости.
VISCOLOSE 4%-ного раствора в воде при 25°С составляет 50-200 сантипуаз (сП).

VISCOLOSE зависит как от концентрации, так и от температуры.
С повышением температуры VISCOLOSE уменьшается.

По мере увеличения концентрации VISCOLOSE увеличивается.
В качестве суспендирующих агентов используются VISCOLOSE 60000 низкой, средней и высокой вязкости.

VISCOLOSE 60000 низкой вязкости обычно используется в «тонких» водных растворах.
VISCOLOSE 60000 средней вязкости используется для приготовления растворов, похожих на сироп.
VISCOLOSE 60000 высокой вязкости используется для приготовления смеси, напоминающей крем или лосьон.

Применение VISCOLOSE 60000:
VISCOLOSE 60000, доступные с различной VISCOLOSEю, используются в качестве модификаторов вязкости (загустителей) для стабилизации эмульсий, а также в качестве химических диспергаторов масел и других углеродных структур, таких как нанотрубки.
VISCOLOSE 60000 используются при разработке биоструктур, таких как биопленки, эмульсии и наночастицы для доставки лекарств.
VISCOLOSE 60000, низкой вязкости, может использоваться для придания растворам консистенции «тонких» водных растворов.

Применение VISCOLOSE 60000:

Неправильное использование:
ВИСКОЛОЗУ не следует использовать в дозе, превышающей дозу, указанную в стандартах на детские и диетические продукты.
VISCOLOSE 60000 нельзя употреблять в пищу напрямую.

VISCOLOSE 60000 следует использовать ТОЛЬКО в пищевой промышленности.
Избегайте контакта с глазами, кожей и ртом, а также вдыхания и проглатывания.

Особенности и преимущества VISCOLOSE 60000:
Серия VISCOLOSE 60000 представляет собой специально очищенную целлюлозную камедь, соответствующую Регламенту Комиссии (ЕС) № 231/2012, для использования в пищевой промышленности.

Функции ВИСКОЛОЗА 60000:

Уникальные функции:

Целлюлозная камедь USK обеспечивает контроль над свойствами водных пищевых систем, устанавливая эффекты:
Утолщение
Стабилизирующий
Формирование пленки
Защитный коллоид
Задержка воды
Тиксотропия

Пищевая ценность (на 100 г):
Калорийность: 0 ккал
Пищевая клетчатка: минимум 85 г.
Нерастворимая клетчатка: макс. 0,1 г
% натрия (в пересчете на безводный материал): макс. 12.4

Микробиологическая информация:
VISCOLOSE 60000 соответствует нормативным микробиологическим критериям.

Количество аэробных тарелок: макс. 1000/г
Сальмонелла/25 г: Отрицательно
E. coli/ 10 г: Отрицательно
Колиформы, MPN/г: макс. 30
Дрожжи: макс. 100/г
Формы: макс. 100/г

Блок-схема VISCOLOSE 60000:
Подготовка сырья и раствора
Реакция
Промывание спиртом
Сушка
Упаковка
Хранилище
Перевозки

Примечание по приготовлению VISCOLOSE 60000:
ВИСКОЛОЗА 60000 растворима в воде (40 мг/мл).
Ключом к растворению карбоксиметилцеллюлозы является осторожное добавление твердого вещества в воду так, чтобы оно хорошо диспергировалось (хорошо смачивалось).

Может потребоваться добавление твердого вещества порциями.
Добавление воды к сухому твердому веществу приводит к образованию «комка» твердого вещества, который очень трудно растворить; твердое вещество необходимо добавлять в воду.

Аккуратно перемешайте или периодически встряхивайте; не перемешивайте постоянно магнитной мешалкой.
Высокая температура не требуется и может фактически замедлить процесс солюбилизации.

Смесительное устройство, такое как мешалка с крыльчаткой, создающая завихрение, позволит втягивать порошок в жидкость, но может вызвать некоторое сдвиговое усилие.

ВИСКОЛОЗА 60000 растворима в воде (40 мг/мл).
Ключом к растворению карбоксиметилцеллюлозы является осторожное добавление твердого вещества в воду так, чтобы оно хорошо диспергировалось (хорошо смачивалось).

Может потребоваться добавление твердого вещества порциями.
Добавление воды к сухому твердому веществу приводит к образованию «комка» твердого вещества, который очень трудно растворить; твердое вещество необходимо добавлять в воду.

Аккуратно перемешайте или периодически встряхивайте; не перемешивайте постоянно магнитной мешалкой.
Высокая температура не требуется и может фактически замедлить процесс солюбилизации.

Смесительное устройство, такое как мешалка с крыльчаткой, создающая завихрение, позволит втягивать порошок в жидкость, но может вызвать некоторое сдвиговое усилие.

В нормальных условиях влияние температуры на растворы этого продукта обратимо, поэтому небольшое изменение температуры не оказывает постоянного влияния на VISCOLOSE.
Однако длительное нагревание растворов VISCOLOSE 60000 при высоких температурах (автоклавирование) приведет к ухудшению качества продукта и необратимому снижению вязкости.

Поэтому VISCOLOSE 60000 очень сложно стерилизовать.
γ-Облучение, как и нагревание, приводит к разложению VISCOLOSE 60000.

Высокая VISCOLOSE VISCOLOSE 60000 более подвержена воздействию автоклавирования и облучения, чем низкая VISCOLOSE VISCOLOSE 4000.
Фильтрация растворов VISCOLOSE 60000 имеет тенденцию оставлять после себя гель, поскольку материал волокнистый, поэтому растворы невозможно фильтровать в стерильных условиях.

Основные характеристики продукта VISCOLOSE 60000:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы
Исходный материал: карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия.
Метод обработки: Синтетический

VISCOLOSE VISCOLOSE 60000:
Температура оказывает обратное влияние на VISCOLOSE водных растворов КМЦ: при понижении температуры VISCOLOSE раствора восстанавливается до исходного значения.
Однако длительные периоды нагрева при высоких температурах, например, выше 90°C, сделают растворы постоянно разжижающими.

Концентрация КМЦ в растворе определяет значение вязкости.
Удвоение концентрации КМЦ приведет к увеличению вязкости раствора в 10 раз.

pH ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 60000:
Идеальное значение pH для стабильных растворов КМЦ составляет от 6 до 9.
При уменьшении pH VISCOLOSE раствора КМЦ может увеличиваться.
Однако в системах с pH ниже 3,0 КМЦ становится нерастворимой.

Окружающая среда VISCOLOSE 60000:
VISCOLOSE Целлюлозные камеди по своей сути являются аэробными, биоразлагаемыми и нетоксичными.

Другие характеристики VISCOLOSE 60000:
Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE по своей природе биоразлагаемы и нетоксичны.
VISCOLOSE целлюлозная камедь без вкуса, запаха и волокнистая.

Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE не являются аллергенами или не содержат аллергенных материалов и ГМО.
VISCOLOSE 60000 не оказывает никакого побочного эффекта в соответствии с EUDIRECTIONS 67/548/EEC, 1999/45/EC И РЕГЛАМЕНТОМ 1272/2008.

Упаковка, хранение и срок годности VISCOLOSE 60000:
Нетто 25 кг 3-слойные мешки из крафт-бумаги или мешки из крафт-бумаги с клапаном (плюс 1 слой полиэтилена с внутренним покрытием).
VISCOLOSE 60000 следует хранить в сухом и прохладном помещении, не допуская прямого контакта с солнечными лучами.

Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
VISCOLOSE 60000 рекомендуется хранить в закрытой таре, употребить в течение 24 месяцев с даты производства.

Обращение и хранение VISCOLOSE 60000:
Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
Пакеты следует хранить в прохладном и сухом помещении.
ВИСКОЛОЗНЫЕ целлюлозные камеди не являются опасными предметами с точки зрения правил перевозки.

Умение обращаться:

Совет по обращению:
Избегайте контакта с кожей, глазами и одеждой.
Избегайте проглатывания и вдыхания.

Избегайте длительного или многократного воздействия.
Снять загрязненную одежду и выстирать перед повторным использованием.
Тщательно промойте после обработки.

Хранилище:

Температура хранения:
хранить при температуре 10–25 °C.

Условия хранения:
хорошо закрыть контейнер

Требования к хранению:
Беречь от несовместимых веществ.
Храните контейнер в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом помещении.

Стабильность и реакционная способность VISCOLOSE 60000:

Условия, чтобы избежать:
Несовместимые материалы

Вещества, которых следует избегать:
Сильные окислители

Упаковка и доставка:
VISCOLOSE 60000 упакован в водонепроницаемую крафт-бумагу с внутренними полиэтиленовыми пакетами на поддоне.
Все поддоны соответствуют требованиям IPPC 15 и ISPM 15.
Весь упаковочный материал соответствует регламенту EC NO1935/2004 REGULATÄ°ON EC NO2023/2006.

Безопасность и меры предосторожности при использовании VISCOLOSE 60000:
Паспорт безопасности предоставляется по запросу.
VISCOLOSE 60000 соответствует требованиям OSHA-09-CFR 1910.1200 и (ЕС) 2015/830.

Перед использованием ознакомьтесь с паспортом безопасности для получения информации о безопасном использовании и нормативной информации.
Вы можете обратиться к своим торговым представителям для получения паспорта безопасности.

Сертификация ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 60000:
VISCOLOSE 60000 сертифицирован кошерно и халяльно и ISO - 9001.

Нормативный статус VISCOLOSE 60000:
VISCOLOSE 60000 соответствует действующим нормам Регламента Турции о пищевых добавках, Регламента Турции по маркировке пищевых продуктов, Регламента о загрязненных добавках, Регламента о микробиологических критериях, № 1333/2008 Европейского парламента и Совета, Общего стандарта Кодекса по маркировке пищевых продуктов.

Основные преимущества VISCOLOSE 60000:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы

Исходный материал:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия

Метод обработки:
Синтетический

Меры первой помощи VISCOLOSE 60000:

Первая помощь: глаз
Немедленно промойте глаза большим количеством проточной воды в течение 10–15 минут, держа веки раздвинутыми.
Проконсультируйтесь с офтальмологом.

Первая помощь: кожа
Немедленно промойте большим количеством воды с мылом в течение не менее 15 минут.
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.

Перед повторным использованием постирайте загрязненную одежду.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: проглатывание
Промыть рот водой, если человек находится в сознании.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: ингаляция
Вынесите пострадавшего на свежий воздух, обеспечьте ему тепло и покой.
Если дыхание нерегулярное или остановлено, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Позвоните врачу.

Советы врачу: лечение
Лечите симптоматически.

Противопожарные меры VISCOLOSE 60000:

Средства пожаротушения:

Подходящий:
пена, сухой огнетушительный порошок, диоксид углерода (CO2), струя воды

Опасности при тушении пожара:
токсичные пары

Защитное оборудование для пожаротушения:
Надевайте автономный дыхательный аппарат и одежду химической защиты.

Пожаротушение/Дополнительные советы:
Не вдыхайте взрывоопасные и дымовые газы.
Соберите загрязненную воду для пожаротушения отдельно.

Его нельзя сбрасывать в канализацию.
Переместите неповрежденные контейнеры из зоны непосредственной опасности, если это можно сделать безопасно.

Меры по случайному высвобождению VISCOLOSE 60000:

Личные меры предосторожности:
При воздействии паров/пыли/аэрозолей надевайте дыхательный аппарат.
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию.

Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускать попадания в почву/подпочву.
Не допускать попадания в поверхностные воды или канализацию.
Убедитесь, что все сточные воды собираются и очищают��я на очистных сооружениях.

Методы очистки или сбора:
нет в наличии

Дальнейшие меры при случайном выбросе:
Собрать в закрытые и подходящие контейнеры для утилизации.
Тщательно очистите загрязненные места.
Проветрить пораженное место.

Идентификаторы ВИСКОЛОЗА 60000:
Целлюлозная камедь, карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия
99,5% целлюлозная камедь + 0,4% соли натрия (хлорид натрия и гликолат натрия) + 0,1% вода.
25 кг
Номер CAS: 9004 - 32 - 4
СДЕЛАНО В ТУРЦИИ
Е466 для употребления в пищу.
Не содержащие аллергенов и ГМО.
Пищевая добавка
Подходит для промышленного использования
Не употреблять напрямую

Примечание. Этикетка соответствует требованиям FAD и FAO.

КОД ИНГРЕДИЕНТА: 85022
КАС: 9004-32-4
СТРАНА ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ: Турция

Номер CAS: [9004-32-4]
Код продукта: OC146465
MDL №: MFCD00081472
УЛЫБКИ: [*]O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])[C@@H](O[C@@H] 2[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])C([*])O[C@@H]2CO[R])C[C@H]1CO[ R].[*]CC(O)=O

Источник и происхождение продукта:
Изделия из жевательной резинки производятся из растительных источников (дерева и хлопка).
VISCOLOSE 60000 производится в Турции.

Функция использования:
Загуститель, стабилизатор, пленкообразователь, водоудерживающий или диспергатор.

Ингредиенты:
99,5% (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия) + 0,5% (хлорид натрия + гликолат натрия).

Свойства ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 60000:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): минимум 99,5%
Влажность (в упаковке): макс. 10 %.
Степень замещения (DS): 0,7 0,9
pH (1% раствор): 6,5-8,5
Объемная плотность (г/л): мин. 500
Распределение частиц по размерам - P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1%
Общий гликолат: макс. 0,4 %.
Тяжелые металлы (как Pb): максимум 10 частей на миллион.

биологический источник: синтетический (органический)
форма: порошок
цвет: светло-желтый
полезный диапазон pH: (20 °C, 10 г/л, 68 °F нейтральный)
VISCOLOSE: 50-200 сП, 4 % в H2O(25°C)
Т.пл.: > 300,05 °C ((> 572,09 °F))
растворимость: вода: растворим
следы катионов: Na: 6,5-9,5%
температура хранения: комнатная температура
ИнХI: 1S/C6H12O6.C2H4O2.Na/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8;1-2(3)4;/h1,3-6,8 -12H,2H2;1H3,(H,3,4);
Ключ ИнЧИ: DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Технические характеристики ВИСКОЛОЗА 60000:
Внешний вид: Бело-кремовый порошок в виде гранул.
Влажность: Макс. 10%
pH (1% водный раствор): 6,5 – 8,5
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): Мин. 99,5%
Степень замещения: 0,75 – 0,95.
VISCOLOSE (2% водный раствор, 25°C): 5500–6500 сП.
Всего гликолата: Макс. 0,4%
Хлорид натрия: Макс. 0,5%
Мышьяк: Макс. 3 ч/млн
Ведущий: Макс. 2 частей на миллион
Меркурий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Кадмий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Натрий: Макс. 12,4%
Размер частиц (тип G): P > 1,4 мм: макс. 3 %.
Размер частиц (тип G): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 15 %.
Размер частиц (тип N): P > 1 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип N): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 50 %.
Размер частиц (тип P): P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1 %.
Размер частиц (тип UP): P > 0,15 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип UP): P < 0,075 мм: мин. 80 %.

Стандартные сорта VISCOLOSE:

Наименования продуктов - Концентрация, % сухого вещества - Диапазон вязкости - Категория

VISCOLOSE 300 - 2 - 50-150 - Низкая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 600000 - 2 - 150-400 - Низкая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 60000 - 2 - 400-900 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 1.000 - 2 - 900-1800 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 2.000 - 2 - 1800-3000 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 5.000 - 1 - 300-700 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 10.000 - 1 - 700-1200 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 20.000 - 1 - 1200-3000 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 40.000 - 1 - 3000-4200 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 50.000 - 1 - Мин. 4200 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 80.000 - 1 - Мин. 6000 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 60000.000 - 1 - Мин. 10000 - Тиксотропный

Серия VISCOLOSE 80000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры сверхвысокой вязкости, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 80000 может использоваться в качестве загустителя, стабилизатора, пленкообразователя, водоудерживающего или диспергирующего средства.
VISCOLOSE 80000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Номер CAS: 9004-32-4
Молекулярная формула: [C6H7O2(OH)x(OCH2COONa)y]

VISCOLOSE 80000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия, которая не имеет вкуса и запаха и действует как загуститель, стабилизатор или диспергатор в пищевой, фармацевтической и косметической промышленности.

Серия VISCOLOSE 80000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры сверхвысокой вязкости, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 80000 представляет собой сыпучий порошок от светло-кремового до белого цвета без запаха, который легко растворяется в воде с образованием прозрачных и вязких растворов.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE, полученные из натуральной целлюлозы, имеют минимальную чистоту 99,5%, не содержат ГМО и имеют сертификаты FSSC 22000, Halal и Kosher.
Продукты серии VISCOLOSE могут производиться в различных диапазонах вязкости, таких как низкая, средняя и высокая.

Благодаря функциям VISCOLOSE 80000 КМЦ высокой чистоты также подходит для таких применений, как батареи, фармацевтические препараты, продукты питания и средства личной гигиены.
Выбрав соответствующий продукт КМЦ под торговой маркой VISCOLOSE, конечные пользователи смогут достичь желаемой реологии в любых водосодержащих пищевых продуктах.

Серия VISCOLOSE 80000 представляет собой высокоочищенную карбоксиметилцеллюлозу натрия и легко растворимые в горячей или холодной воде анионные полимеры с низкой VISCOLOSEю, которые обеспечивают уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

VISCOLOSE используется в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора для различных пищевых продуктов благодаря своей растворимости в воде.
VISCOLOSE 80000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.

Продукты VISCOLOSE могут производиться в широком диапазоне вязкостей, которые можно охарактеризовать как низкий, средний и высокий класс.
Также могут быть произведены специальные марки пищевой КМЦ, которая доступна в форме гранул, порошка или ультрапорошка с различными размерами частиц и различной VISCOLOSEю от 10 до 10 000 сП.

Продукты серии VISCOLOSE Cellulose Gum представляют собой анионные полимеры, которые легко растворяются в горячей или холодной воде, обеспечивая уникальные функции в различных пищевых продуктах.

Целлюлозная камедь (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза CMC) производится из встречающейся в природе целлюлозы путем этерификации путем замены гидроксильных групп карбоксиметильными группами с целью превращения целлюлозы в водорастворимый полимер и последующей функционализации VISCOLOSE 80000 в пищевых продуктах.
VISCOLOSE 80000, также называемая целлюлозной камедью, известна под кодом Е466.
VISCOLOSE – это серия целлюлозных камедей (высокоочищенная натриевая карбоксиметилцеллюлоза), предназначенных для пищевых, косметических и средств личной гигиены.

VISCOLOSE 80000 представляет собой карбоксиметилцеллюлозу низкой вязкости.
VISCOLOSE 4%-ного раствора в воде при 25°С составляет 50-200 сантипуаз (сП).

VISCOLOSE зависит как от концентрации, так и от температуры.
С повышением температуры VISCOLOSE уменьшается.

По мере увеличения концентрации VISCOLOSE увеличивается.
В качестве суспендирующих агентов используются VISCOLOSE 80000 низкой, средней и высокой вязкости.

VISCOLOSE 80000 низкой вязкости обычно используется в «тонких» водных растворах.
VISCOLOSE 80000 средней вязкости используется для приготовления растворов, похожих на сироп.
VISCOLOSE 80000 высокой вязкости используется для приготовления смеси, напоминающей крем или лосьон.

Применение VISCOLOSE 80000:
VISCOLOSE 80000, доступные с различной VISCOLOSEю, используются в качестве модификаторов вязкости (загустителей) для стабилизации эмульсий, а также в качестве химических диспергаторов масел и других углеродных структур, таких как нанотрубки.
VISCOLOSE 80000 используются при разработке биоструктур, таких как биопленки, эмульсии и наночастицы для доставки лекарств.
VISCOLOSE 80000, низкой вязкости, может использоваться для придания растворам консистенции «тонких» водных растворов.

Применение VISCOLOSE 80000:

Неправильное использование:
ВИСКОЛОЗУ не следует использовать в дозе, превышающей дозу, указанную в стандартах на детские и диетические продукты.
VISCOLOSE 80000 нельзя употреблять в пищу напрямую.

VISCOLOSE 80000 следует использовать ТОЛЬКО в пищевой промышленности.
Избегайте контакта с глазами, кожей и ртом, а также вдыхания и проглатывания.

Особенности и преимущества VISCOLOSE 80000:
Серия VISCOLOSE 80000 представляет собой специально очищенную целлюлозную камедь, соответствующую Регламенту Комиссии (ЕС) № 231/2012, для использования в пищевой промышленности.

Функции VISCOLOSE 80000:

Уникальные функции:

Целлюлозная камедь USK обеспечивает кон��роль над свойствами водных пищевых систем, устанавливая эффекты:
Утолщение
Стабилизирующий
Формирование пленки
Защитный коллоид
Задержка воды
Тиксотропия

Пищевая ценность (на 100 г):
Калорийность: 0 ккал
Пищевая клетчатка: минимум 85 г.
Нерастворимая клетчатка: макс. 0,1 г
% натрия (в пересчете на безводный материал): макс. 12.4

Микробиологическая информация:
VISCOLOSE 80000 соответствует нормативным микробиологическим критериям.

Количество аэробных тарелок: макс. 1000/г
Сальмонелла/25 г: Отрицательно
E. coli/ 10 г: Отрицательно
Колиформы, MPN/г: макс. 30
Дрожжи: макс. 100/г
Формы: макс. 100/г

Технологическая схема VISCOLOSE 80000:
Подготовка сырья и раствора
Реакция
Промывание спиртом
Сушка
Упаковка
Хранилище
Перевозки

Примечание по приготовлению VISCOLOSE 80000:
VISCOLOSE 80000 растворима в воде (40 мг/мл).
Ключом к растворению карбоксиметилцеллюлозы является осторожное добавление твердого вещества в воду так, чтобы оно хорошо диспергировалось (хорошо смачивалось).

Может потребоваться добавление твердого вещества порциями.
Добавление воды к сухому твердому веществу приводит к образованию «комка» твердого вещества, который очень трудно растворить; твердое вещество необходимо добавлять в воду.

Аккуратно перемешайте или периодически встряхивайте; не перемешивайте постоянно магнитной мешалкой.
Высокая температура не требуется и может фактически замедлить процесс солюбилизации.

Смесительное устройство, такое как мешалка с крыльчаткой, создающая завихрение, позволит втягивать порошок в жидкость, но может вызвать некоторое сдвиговое усилие.

VISCOLOSE 80000 растворима в воде (40 мг/мл).
Ключом к растворению карбоксиметилцеллюлозы является осторожное добавление твердого вещества в воду так, чтобы оно хорошо диспергировалось (хорошо смачивалось).

Может потребоваться добавление твердого вещества порциями.
Добавление воды к сухому твердому веществу приводит к образованию «комка» твердого вещества, который очень трудно растворить; твердое вещество необходимо добавлять в воду.

Аккуратно перемешайте или периодически встряхивайте; не перемешивайте постоянно магнитной мешалкой.
Высокая температура не требуется и может фактически замедлить процесс солюбилизации.

Смесительное устройство, такое как мешалка с крыльчаткой, создающая завихрение, позволит втягивать порошок в жидкость, но может вызвать некоторое сдвиговое усилие.

В нормальных условиях влияние температуры на растворы этого продукта обратимо, поэтому небольшое изменение температуры не оказывает постоянного влияния на VISCOLOSE.
Однако длительное нагревание растворов VISCOLOSE 80000 при высоких температурах (автоклавирование) приведет к ухудшению качества продукта и необратимому снижению вязкости.

Поэтому VISCOLOSE 80000 очень сложно стерилизовать.
γ-Облучение, как и нагревание, приводит к разложению VISCOLOSE 80000.

Высокая VISCOLOSE VISCOLOSE 80000 более подвержена воздействию автоклавирования и облучения, чем низкая VISCOLOSE VISCOLOSE 4000.
Фильтрация растворов VISCOLOSE 80000 имеет тенденцию оставлять после себя гель, поскольку материал волокнистый, поэтому растворы невозможно фильтровать в стерильных условиях.

Основные характеристики продукта VISCOLOSE 80000:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы
Исходный материал: карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия.
Метод обработки: Синтетический

VISCOLOSE VISCOLOSE 80000:
Температура оказывает обратное влияние на VISCOLOSE водных растворов КМЦ: при понижении температуры VISCOLOSE раствора восстанавливается до исходного значения.
Однако длительные периоды нагрева при высоких температурах, например, выше 90°C, сделают растворы постоянно разжижающими.

Концентрация КМЦ в растворе определяет значение вязкости.
Удвоение концентрации КМЦ приведет к увеличению вязкости раствора в 10 раз.

pH ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 80000:
Идеальное значение pH для стабильных растворов КМЦ составляет от 6 до 9.
При уменьшении pH VISCOLOSE раствора КМЦ может увеличиваться.
Однако в системах с pH ниже 3,0 КМЦ становится нерастворимой.

Окружающая среда VISCOLOSE 80000:
VISCOLOSE Целлюлозные камеди по своей сути являются аэробными, биоразлагаемыми и нетоксичными.

Другие характеристики VISCOLOSE 80000:
Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE по своей природе биоразлагаемы и нетоксичны.
VISCOLOSE целлюлозная камедь без вкуса, запаха и волокнистая.

Целлюлозные камеди VISCOLOSE не являются аллергенами или не содержат аллергенных материалов и ГМО.
VISCOLOSE 80000 не оказывает никакого побочного эффекта в соответствии с EUDIRECIVES 67/548/EEC, 1999/45/EC И РЕГЛАМЕНТОМ 1272/2008.

Упаковка, хранение и срок годности VISCOLOSE 80000:
Нетто 25 кг 3-слойные мешки из крафт-бумаги или мешки из крафт-бумаги с клапаном (плюс 1 слой полиэтилена с внутренним покрытием).
VISCOLOSE 80000 следует хранить в сухом и прохладном помещении, не допуская прямого контакта с солнечными лучами.

Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
VISCOLOSE 80000 рекомендуется хранить в закрытой таре, употребить в течение 24 месяцев с даты производства.

Обращение и хранение VISCOLOSE 80000:
Избегайте пыли и разливов на влажных поверхностях.
Пакеты следует хранить в прохладном и сухом помещении.
ВИСКОЛОЗНЫЕ целлюлозные камеди не являются опасными предметами с точки зрения правил перевозки.

Умение обращаться:

Совет по обращению:
Избегайте контакта с кожей, глазами и одеждой.
Избегайте проглатывания и вдыхания.

Избегайте длительного или многократного воздействия.
Снять загрязненную одежду и выстирать перед повторным использованием.
Тщательно промойте после обработки.

Хранилище:

Температура хранения:
хранить при температуре 10–25 °C.

Условия хранения:
хорошо закрыть контейнер

Требования к хранению:
Беречь от несовместимых веществ.
Храните контейнер в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом помещении.

Стабильность и реакционная способность VISCOLOSE 80000:

Условия, чтобы избежать:
Несовместимые материалы

Вещества, которых следует избегать:
Сильные окислители

Упаковка и доставка:
VISCOLOSE 80000 упакован в водонепроницаемую крафт-бумагу с внутренними полиэтиленовыми пакетами на поддоне.
Все поддоны соответствуют требованиям IPPC 15 и ISPM 15.
Весь упаковочный материал соответствует регламенту EC NO1935/2004 REGULATÄ°ON EC NO2023/2006.

Безопасность и меры предосторожности при использовании VISCOLOSE 80000:
Паспорт безопасности предоставляется по запросу.
VISCOLOSE 80000 соответствует требованиям OSHA-09-CFR 1910.1200 и (ЕС) 2015/830.

Перед использованием ознакомьтесь с паспортом безопасности для получения информации о безопасном использовании и нормативной информации.
Вы можете обратиться к своим торговым представителям для получения паспорта безопасности.

Сертификация ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 80000:
VISCOLOSE 80000 сертифицирован кошерно и халяльно и ISO - 9001.

Нормативный статус VISCOLOSE 80000:
VISCOLOSE 80000 соответствует действующим нормам Регламента Турции о пищевых добавках, Регламента Турции по маркировке пищевых продуктов, Регламента о загрязненных добавках, Регламента о микробиологических критериях, № 1333/2008 Европейского парламента и Совета, Общего стандарта Кодекса по маркировке пищевых продуктов.

Основные характеристики VISCOLOSE 80000:
Бело-кремовый, порошок-гранулы

Исходный материал:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия, хлорид натрия, гликолат натрия

Метод обработки:
Синтетический

Меры первой помощи VISCOLOSE 80000:

Первая помощь: глаз
Немедленно промойте глаза большим количеством проточной воды в течение 10–15 минут, держа веки раздвинутыми.
Проконсультируйтесь с офтальмологом.

Первая помощь: кожа
Немедленно промойте большим количеством воды с мылом в течение не менее 15 минут.
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.

Перед повторным использованием постирайте загрязненную одежду.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: проглатывание
Промыть рот водой, если человек находится в сознании.
Позвоните врачу.

Первая помощь: ингаляция
Вынесите пострадавшего на свежий воздух, обеспечьте ему тепло и покой.
Если дыхание нерегулярное или остановлено, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Позвоните врачу.

Советы врачу: лечение
Лечите симптоматически.

Противопожарные меры VISCOLOSE 80000:

Средства пожаротушения:

Подходящий:
пена, сухой огнетушительный порошок, диоксид углерода (CO2), струя воды

Опасности при тушении пожара:
токсичные пары

Защитное оборудование для пожаротушения:
Надевайте автономный дыхательный аппарат и одежду химической защиты.

Пожаротушение/Дополнительные советы:
Не вдыхайте взрывоопасные и дымовые газы.
Соберите загрязненную воду для пожаротушения отдельно.

Его нельзя сбрасывать в канализацию.
Переместите неповрежденные контейнеры из зоны непосредственной опасности, если это можно сделать безопасно.

Меры по случайному высвобождению VISCOLOSE 80000:

Личные меры предосторожности:
При воздействии паров/пыли/аэрозолей надевайте дыхательный аппарат.
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию.

Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускать попадания в почву/подпочву.
Не допускать попадания в поверхностные воды или канализацию.
Убедитесь, что все сточные воды собираются и очищаются на очистных сооружениях.

Методы очистки или сбора:
нет в наличии

Дальнейшие меры при случайном выбросе:
Собрать в закрытые и подходящие контейнеры для утилизации.
Тщательно очистите загрязненные места.
Проветрить пораженное место.

Идентификаторы ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 80000:
Целлюлозная камедь, карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия
99,5% целлюлозная камедь + 0,4% соли натрия (хлорид натрия и гликолат натрия) + 0,1% вода.
25 кг
Номер CAS: 9004 - 32 - 4
СДЕЛАНО В ТУРЦИИ
Е466 для употребления в пищу.
Не содержащие аллергенов и ГМО.
Пищевая добавка
Подходит для промышленного использования
Не употреблять напрямую

Примечание. Этикетка соответствует требованиям FAD и FAO.

КОД ИНГРЕДИЕНТА: 85022
КАС: 9004-32-4
СТРАНА ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ: Турция

Номер CAS: [9004-32-4]
Код продукта: OC146465
MDL №: MFCD00081472
УЛЫБКИ: [*]O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])[C@@H](O[C@@H] 2[C@@H](O[R])[C@H](O[R])C([*])O[C@@H]2CO[R])C[C@H]1CO[ R].[*]CC(O)=O

Источник и происхождение продукта:
Изделия из жевательной резинки производятся из растительных источников (дерева и хлопка).
VISCOLOSE 80000 производится в Турции.

Функция использования:
Загуститель, стабилизатор, пленкообразователь, водоудерживающий или диспергатор.

Ингредиенты:
99,5% (карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия) + 0,5% (хлорид натрия + гликолат натрия).

Свойства ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 80000:
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): минимум 99,5%
Влажность (в упаковке): макс. 10 %.
Степень замещения (DS): 0,7 0,9
pH (1% раствор): 6,5-8,5
Объемная плотность (г/л): мин. 500
Распределение частиц по размерам - P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1%
Общий гликолат: макс. 0,4 %.
Тяжелые металлы (как Pb): максимум 10 частей на миллион.

биологический источник: синтетический (органический)
форма: порошок
цвет: светло-желтый
полезный диапазон pH: (20 °C, 10 г/л, 68 °F нейтральный)
VISCOLOSE: 50-200 сП, 4 % в H2O(25°C)
Т.пл.: > 300,05 °C ((> 572,09 °F))
растворимость: вода: растворим
следы катионов: Na: 6,5-9,5%
температура хранения: комнатная температура
ИнХI: 1S/C6H12O6.C2H4O2.Na/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8;1-2(3)4;/h1,3-6,8 -12H,2H2;1H3,(H,3,4);
Ключ ИнЧИ: DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Технические характеристики ВИСКОЛОЗЫ 80000:
Внешний вид: Бело-кремовый порошок в виде гранул.
Влажность: Макс. 10%
pH (1% водный раствор): 6,5 – 8,5
Карбоксиметилцеллюлоза натрия (сухое вещество): Мин. 99,5%
Степень замещения: 0,75 – 0,95.
VISCOLOSE (2% водный раствор, 25°C): 6000–7500 сП.
Всего гликолата: Макс. 0,4%
Мышьяк: Макс. 3 ч/млн
Ведущий: Макс. 2 частей на миллион
Меркурий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Кадмий: Макс. 1 часть на миллион
Натрий: Макс. 12,4%
Размер частиц (тип G): P > 1,4 мм: макс. 3 %.
Размер частиц (тип G): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 15 %.
Размер частиц (тип N): P > 1 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип N): P < 0,075 мм: макс. 50 %.
Размер частиц (тип P): P > 0,5 мм: макс. 1 %.
Размер частиц (тип UP): P > 0,15 мм: макс. 2 %
Размер частиц (тип UP): P < 0,075 мм: мин. 80 %.

Стандартные сорта VISCOLOSE:

Наименования продуктов - Концентрация, % сухого вещества - Диапазон вязкости - Категория

VISCOLOSE 300 - 2 - 50-150 - Низкая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 800000 - 2 - 150-400 - Низкая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 80000 - 2 - 400-900 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 1.000 - 2 - 900-1800 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 2.000 - 2 - 1800-3000 - Средняя VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 5.000 - 1 - 300-700 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 10.000 - 1 - 700-1200 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 20.000 - 1 - 1200-3000 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 40.000 - 1 - 3000-4200 - Высокая VISCOLOSE
VISCOLOSE 50.000 - 1 - Мин. 4200 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 80.000 - 1 - Мин. 6000 - Тиксотропный
VISCOLOSE 80000.000 - 1 - Мин. 10000 - Тиксотропный

Pyridoxol hydrochloride; Vitamin B6 hydrochloride; Deamine Hydrochloride; 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol hydrochloride; Pyridoxinium chloride; Adermine hydrochloride; Hexabione hydrochloride; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine hydrochloride; 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedicarbinol hydrochloride; Pyridoxyl hydrochloride; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-a-picoline hydrochloride; Bonasanit; Pyridipea; cas no: 58-56-0

D; calciferol; cholecalciferol; ergocalciferol; viosterol; vitamin D cas no: 50-14-6

DL-all-rac-α-Tocopherol, Vitamin E; (±)-α-Tocopherol cas no: 10191-41-0

SYNONYMS DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate; 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-b- enzopyran-6-ol, acetate; Tocopheryl acetate; 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol acetate; 133-80-2; 1407-18-7; 18920-61-1; 54-22-8; DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate;CAS NO. 7695-91-2

Vitamin E Acetate α-Tocopheryl acetate, also known as vitamin E acetate, is a synthetic form of vitamin E. It is the ester of acetic acid and α-tocopherol.[2] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that vitamin E acetate is a very strong culprit of concern in the 2019 outbreak of vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI),[3] but there is not yet sufficient evidence to rule out contributions from other chemicals. Use in cosmetics α-Tocopheryl acetate is often used in dermatological products such as skin creams. It is not oxidized and can penetrate through the skin to the living cells, where about 5% is converted to free tocopherol. Claims are made for beneficial antioxidant effects.[6] α-Tocopheryl acetate is used as an alternative to tocopherol itself because the phenolic hydroxyl group is blocked, providing a less acidic product with a longer shelf life. It is believed that the acetate is slowly hydrolyzed after it is absorbed into the skin, regenerating tocopherol and providing protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays.[7] Tocopheryl acetate was first synthesized in 1963 by workers at Hoffmann-La Roche. Although there is widespread use of tocopheryl acetate as a topical medication, with claims for improved wound healing and reduced scar tissue,[9] reviews have repeatedly concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support these claims.[10][11] There are reports of vitamin E-induced allergic contact dermatitis from use of vitamin E derivatives such as tocopheryl linoleate and tocopherol acetate in skin care products. Incidence is low despite widespread use. Misuse Ingredient in vape liquids See also: 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak, Vaping-associated pulmonary injury, and Lacing (drugs) § Cannabis On September 5, 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) announced that 10 out of 18, or 56% of the samples of vape liquids sent in by states, linked to recent vaping related lung disease outbreak in the United States, tested positive for vitamin E acetate[13] which had been used as a thickening agent by illicit THC vape cartridge manufacturers.[14] On November 8, 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified vitamin E acetate as a very strong culprit of concern in the vaping-related illnesses, but has not ruled out other chemicals or toxicants as possible causes.[3] The CDC's findings were based on fluid samples from the lungs of 29 patients with vaping-associated pulmonary injury, which provided direct evidence of vitamin E acetate at the primary site of injury in all the 29 lung fluid samples tested.[3] Research suggests when vitamin E acetate is inhaled, it may interfere with normal lung functioning.[5] A 2020 study found that vaporizing vitamin E acetate produced carcinogenic alkenes and benzene, but also exceptionally toxic ketene gas, which may be a contributing factor to the pulmonary injuries.[15] Chemistry At room temperature, α-tocopheryl acetate is a fat-soluble liquid. It has 3 chiral centers and thus 8 stereoisomers. It is made by esterifying α-tocopherol with acetic acid. 2R,4R,8R-isomer, also known as RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate, is the most common isomer used for various purposes. This is because α-tocopherol occurs in the nature primarily as RRR-α-tocopherol.[2] Vitamin E acetate does not boil at atmospheric pressure and begins to degrade at 240 °C.[2] It can be vacuum distilled: it boils at 184 °C at 0.01 mmHg, at 194 °C (0.025 mmHg) and at 224 °C (0.3 mmHg). In practice, it is not degraded notably by air, visible light or UV-radiation. It has a refractive index of 1.4950–1.4972 at 20 °C.[1] Vitamin E acetate is hydrolyzed to α-tocopherol and acetic acid under suitable conditions or when ingested by people. Health Benefits There are many benefits that are claimed to be offered by tocopheryl acetate, these include: Treating vitamin E deficiency Promoting healthy skin (such as moisturizing and preventing wrinkles) Helping with wound healing Reducing inflammation Slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Cancer prevention and cancer treatment symptoms (such as side effects of radiation therapy) Treating heart disease Improving cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer’s disease Uses This supplement is used to prevent or treat a lack of Vitamin E acetate in the body. A low body level of Vitamin E acetate is rare. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra Vitamin E acetate. However, Vitamin E acetate supplements are used in premature newborns and in people who have problems absorbing enough Vitamin E acetate from their diets. Vitamin E acetate is important in protecting your body's cells from damage. It is known as an antioxidant. How to use Vitamin E acetate Take this product by mouth as directed. Follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. If you are using a liquid form of this product, carefully measure your dose using a medication-measuring device or spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If your liquid form is a suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose. Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take it more often than recommended. Taking too much Vitamin E acetate may increase your risk of side effects. High doses of Vitamin E acetate (400 units or more per day) may increase the chance of rare but very serious side effects. There is no proof that high doses of Vitamin E acetate help to prevent or treat heart disease. There is very little evidence that it helps prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease. In some people, taking these high doses may even be harmful. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist and discuss the risks and benefits before taking Vitamin E acetate supplements. If your doctor prescribes this product for Vitamin E acetate deficiency, use it regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. You should see improvement of symptoms such as numbness/tingling of the hands/feet and weakness. If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention. METHODS BAL fluids were collected from 51 patients with EVALI in 16 states and from 99 healthy participants who were part of an ongoing study of smoking involving nonsmokers, exclusive users of e-cigarettes or vaping products, and exclusive cigarette smokers that was initiated in 2015. Using the BAL fluid, we performed isotope dilution mass spectrometry to measure several priority toxicants: vitamin E acetate, plant oils, medium-chain triglyceride oil, coconut oil, petroleum distillates, and diluent terpenes. RESULTS State and local health departments assigned EVALI case status as confirmed for 25 patients and as probable for 26 patients. Vitamin E acetate was identified in BAL fluid obtained from 48 of 51 case patients (94%) in 16 states but not in such fluid obtained from the healthy comparator group. No other priority toxicants were found in BAL fluid from the case patients or the comparator group, except for coconut oil and limonene, which were found in 1 patient each. Among the case patients for whom laboratory or epidemiologic data were available, 47 of 50 (94%) had detectable tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or its metabolites in BAL fluid or had reported vaping THC products in the 90 days before the onset of illness. Nicotine or its metabolites were detected in 30 of 47 of the case patients (64%). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E acetate was associated with EVALI in a convenience sample of 51 patients in 16 states across the United States. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others.) DATA ANALYSIS Results are presented as percentages of persons in whom BAL fluid samples tested positive for the measured toxicant or metabolite biomarker. Because of the limited volume of BAL fluid, results for all analytes were not available for all participants. Since the analysis of vitamin E acetate was prioritized, results regarding vitamin E acetate are reported for all the participants. Denominators reflect the actual number of participants for whom samples were tested for each analyte. In our study, the detection of vitamin E acetate in BAL fluid in most of the patients with EVALI provides evidence that e-cigarette, or vaping, products can deliver vitamin E acetate to respiratory epithelial-lining fluid, the presumed site of injury in the lung. In this convenience sample, the finding that 48 of 51 patients with lung injury had vitamin E acetate in their BAL fluid is noteworthy. By contrast, vitamin E acetate was not detected in any BAL fluid collected from 99 healthy participants, including 18 e-cigarette users. In addition, the absence of other toxicants (plant oils, medium-chain triglyceride oil, coconut oil, petroleum distillates, and diluent terpenes) in BAL fluids from nearly all patients with EVALI provides evidence against the role of any of these toxicants as a primary cause of EVALI. Whether limonene or coconut oil (found in the BAL fluid of 1 patient each) may have some toxicologic effect is unclear. Vitamin E acetate was not detected in the BAL fluid obtained from three patients with probable EVALI. Since EVALI is a diagnosis of exclusion for which there is no confirmatory diagnostic test, we could not confirm case status for these three patients. The Vitamin E acetate case definition is intentionally sensitive, which raises the likelihood that a patient’s illness could be misattributed to Vitamin E acetate. The alternative diagnoses that are listed in Table 4 could reasonably explain the lung injury in these patients. Of note, the two patients who were successfully interviewed by public health officials denied vaping THC products. Reliable information on the time interval from the last use of an e-cigarette product until bronchoscopy is not available, so we cannot assess the likelihood that vitamin E acetate may have already been cleared from the lung in these patients. The detection of vitamin E acetate and other oils can be impaired by inadequate mixing of BAL fluid. Because BAL fluid was collected and processed in the local hospital setting according to its own protocols, we could not confirm that samples were adequately mixed. Patient 2 (as described in Table 4) reported the daily use of flavored nicotine products and had positive results for limonene (which is found in flavored nicotine solutions) in BAL fluid. Whether limonene has a toxicologic effect is unclear.22,23 Vitamin E acetate is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in skin creams. It is common in multivitamins and is enzymatically cleaved to vitamin E during absorption.24,25 Although the ingestion and dermal application of vitamin E acetate have not generally been associated with adverse health effects, the safety of inhaling vitamin E acetate has received little attention. Vitamin E acetate is the ester of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and acetic acid. The structure shows a long aliphatic tail that can penetrate a layer of surfactant to align the molecule in parallel with phospholipids26 (Fig. S1). Phosphatidylcholines undergo transition from a gel to a liquid crystalline phase when exposed to increasing amounts of tocopherols, such as vitamin E acetate.26,27 Transitioning to a liquid crystalline phase25 would cause the surfactant to lose its ability to maintain the surface tension that is necessary to support respiration in the lung,26,28,29 thus providing a possible mechanism by which vitamin E acetate could cause respiratory dysfunction. Another potential harmful effect of vitamin E acetate that may contribute to lung injury occurs when it is heated in e-cigarette products. Heating vitamin E acetate in these devices may create ketene by splitting off the acetate group from some or all of the vitamin E acetate.30 Ketene is a reactive compound that has the potential to be a lung irritant, depending on concentration. The CDC is currently examining ways to quantify ketene and its effects in BAL fluid. Data that have been reported to date indicate that vitamin E acetate in the supply of THC-containing products and use among patients with EVALI aligns with the timing of the 2019 EVALI outbreak. In Minnesota, 10 of 10 products seized by law enforcement during 2018, before the EVALI outbreak, did not contain vitamin E acetate, whereas 20 of 20 THC-containing products seized by law enforcement during September 2019, at the peak of the outbreak, contained vitamin E acetate.31 This finding is consistent with laboratory measurements and trade websites, which suggests that the addition of vitamin E acetate to product fluid began to appear in the illicit market in late 2018 or early 2019 and gained popularity in 2019. Pure THC oil has a viscosity like that of vitamin E acetate. Cutting THC oil with vitamin E acetate has been reported to be common in the illicit market.9-11 The FDA reports that most case-associated THC product fluids contain vitamin E acetate, at an average concentration of 50% by weight, ranging from 23 to 88%.8 By contrast, the FDA detected no vitamin E acetate in 197 case-associated nicotine products analyzed to date. The viscosity of vitamin E acetate makes it undesirable as an additive to nicotine solutions; the propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin in nicotine solutions create a fluid with a much lower viscosity than that of vitamin E acetate. Additional studies (including studies in animals) are in progress to examine the respiratory effects of inhaling aerosolized vitamin E acetate and will provide information on whether vitamin E acetate in isolation causes lung injury.32 Research analyzing the aerosol and gases generated by case-associated product fluids is ongoing. This study has several limitations. First, it is possible that vitamin E acetate may be a marker for exposure to alternative toxicants. Such an alternative toxicant would need to meet at least three criteria: correlate with the presence of vitamin E acetate in BAL fluid, be in widespread use across the United States, and have been added to THC product fluids in 2019 or substantially increased in concentration in 2019 to match the timing of the outbreak. We have not been able to identify a toxicant that meets these three requirements but continue to study this possibility. Second, the contribution to injury of aerosol constituents formed from the heating of vitamin E acetate, especially at higher voltages, requires further examination. Until aerosolized constituents are better characterized, it is possible that one or more of them could act alone or synergistically with other compounds such as vitamin E acetate to increase the risk of Vitamin E acetate. Third, sample collection was performed as part of routine clinical care and thus was not standardized. Fourth, the timing and burden of exposure to the potential toxicants in relation to the BAL sample acquisition could not be assessed. Finally, this study reports data for case patients and healthy comparators from an independent cross-sectional study, which limits insights because samples were collected at a single point in time, and the possibility of unknown confounding remains. Vitamin E acetate may play a role in EVALI, a conclusion supported by the high detection rate of vitamin E acetate in BAL fluid from case patients who live in 16 states across the United States and the absence of vitamin E acetate in samples obtained from a healthy comparison group, by the absence of other priority toxicants in nearly all BAL fluid samples from case patients, by a biologically plausible mechanism for lung injury associated with vitamin E acetate, and by the temporal alignment between EVALI and the use of vitamin E acetate in the illicit marketplace. Results from studies in animals can provide information on whether exposure to vitamin E acetate alone can directly cause the lung injury seen in patients with Vitamin E acetate. Vitamin E acetate, an oily chemical added to some THC vaping liquids to thicken or dilute them, has emerged as “one very strong culprit of concern,” said Anne Schuchat, principal deputy director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at a press briefing. The chemical is a synthetic form of vitamin E, and it’s used — safely — in nutritional supplements and skin creams. But it isn’t safe to inhale. Sticky and honey-like, it can hang around in the lungs, health officials said, interfering with how they function. Samples taken from 29 patients in 10 states, for a CDC Mortality and Morbidity Weekly report released Friday, found the chemical in all samples, while other potential toxins — such as plant and mineral oils — weren’t. It’s “direct evidence of vitamin E acetate at the primary site of injury within the lungs,” Schuchat said. But Schuchat also emphasized the CDC’s investigation isn’t over: Officials still can’t say for sure that vitamin E acetate is the source of harm in all cases. “Identifying a collection of information that points to vitamin E acetate as a concern for lung pathology doesn’t mean that there are not other components causing lung harm,” she added. Right now, though, the chemical has emerged as a likely culprit. And the new finding adds to the evidence from federal and state investigations showing vitamin E acetate appears to be a common link in many vaping-related illness cases. Of the 419 THC-containing products the Food and Drug Administration has tested, 50 percent contained the sticky substance as of November 8. Recent data from Utah found the chemical in 89 percent of the THC-containing cartridges tested there. New York State — where health officials were first to signal concern about vitamin E acetate — found vitamin E acetate in many of the THC vaping cartridges used by patients suffering respiratory illness. Black market cannabis suppliers have been known to use vitamin E acetate — but legitimate suppliers may be using the chemical, too State and federal investigations have also found many of the THC products people reported using were THC cartridges purchased through informal or black market sources. And vitamin E acetate has reportedly been used as a cheap cutting agent by illicit cannabis suppliers. But even in states where cannabis vaping products are manufactured by legitimate sources, regulators haven’t necessarily been checking for the presence of vitamin E acetate. Cannabis is subject to a patchwork of state-level health regulations where it’s legal or decriminalized. As I reported recently, these regulations are generally weak and inadequate, revealing a problem in cannabis oversight in this country. So in Washington state, for example, the Liquor and Cannabis Board regulates the recreational cannabis marketplace, and products are tested for “potency, moisture, foreign matter, microbiological, mycotoxins (fungi), and residual solvents,” according to a spokesperson there. But only medical-grade products are also tested for pesticides and heavy metals. The list of tests also doesn’t include checking for chemicals, such as vitamin E acetate, that have emerged as a health threat. “Until only recently with the outbreak of the vapor associated lung injury crisis, no one suspected additional safety tests should be considered,” a spokesperson for the board said. The United States Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been working with state investigators on reported cases of lung illnesses linked to e-cigarette or vaping products. Symptoms of difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, chest pains, gastrointestinal sickness leading to serious lung damage and death has been linked to the risk behavior of using vaping products bought on the streets in healthy young people. CDC has detected vitamin E acetate as a chemical of concern among people with the lung injury. Vitamin E acetate is a condensing agent in vaping products, and all injured lung fluid samples appear to harbor this agent. The mysterious outbreak is identified in individuals vaping within the 90 days, ranging over a few days to developing over several weeks. There is growing evidence that vaping is hazardous to your health including immediate health dangers such as death from respiratory causes, long term health effects, cardiovascular events, depression which increases the risk of suicidal thoughts and suicide. This review article summarizes the growing knowledge of acute respiratory complications associated with vaping. g. Specifically, vitamin E acetate is most commonly used as an additive in THC-containing vape/e-cigarette products; vitamin E acetate is an oily chemical added to THC vaping liquids used to thicken or dilute them. A vape-related injury concerning a teenage boy in Canada has recently gained the media’s attention as well. The 17-year-old boy vaped “intensively,” adding THC to his devices. He initially showed symptoms aligning with bronchiolitis (lung condition normally caused by a bacterial or viral infection), but many patients that have vape-related illnesses in the United States have experienced damage to the alveoli; this type of injury was not found. Instead, his case aligned more with an injury called “popcorn lung,” an ailment most commonly seen in factory workers of microwave popcorn plants nearly 20 years ago. This new vape-related case calls for further exploration into the toxicity of vape liquid, as the patient’s condition could have been caused by the THC added to the vaping devices, or the chemical that affected factory workers in the past - diacetyl. Diacetyl is present in many e-cigarette flavors [14]. The American Lung Association has called for the FDA to require that diacetyl and other hazardous chemicals be removed from e-cigarette cartridges. While it is still widely debated which particular component of vape liquid is the cause of illness, vitamin E acetate, specifically, has been identified as a potential culprit in vape-related illnesses. The New York Times recently reported an analysis of lung fluid samples from 29 patients with vaping-related illnesses (including two who died), and the analysis suggests that vitamin E acetate is a "very strong culprit" in causing lung injuries. The lung fluid samples were collected from patients across the United States so that these findings may have implications nationwide. Moreover, Dr. Anne Schuchat, principal deputy director of the CDC, explained, “For the first time, we have detected a potential toxin of concern, vitamin E acetate, from biological samples from patients… The analysis provided evidence of vitamin E acetate at the primary site of injury in the lungs” [15]. Vitamin E acetate is sticky, giving it the ability to remain in the lungs. THC was also reported to be found in 82% of samples from 28 patients, which was remarkable as THC tends to leave the lungs quickly [16]. The evidence on how vitamin E acetate affects the lungs of vape users is notable because vitamin E acetate has been acknowledged as a majorly harmful chemical that may be contributing to vape-related illnesses and deaths. Lung scans have revealed different outlines of lung parenchyma suggesting possible different processes in injury. One pattern points to lipoid pneumonia which can occur with lipid containing ingredients or oils aerosolized into the airways causing inflammation and compromised function [17]. The respiratory epithelium has a complicated network of extracellular membranes essential for breathing and survival. Surfactant membranes form a stable monolayer at the air-liquid interface, reducing the surface tension at the air-liquid interface, therefore stabilizing the lung against collapse and helping lungs expand. Oil in the lung interferes with this ordered/disordered lipid phase coexistence in lung surfactant with alterations in phase coexistence [18]. The American Medical Association has made calls for a ban on vaping products, and Washington state has now banned vape products containing vitamin E acetate, thought to be linked to illness [19-20]. Although the substance is not banned in the United States and has not been officially declared as a deadly substance, many states are making advances to ban the use of the chemical in vape products. States like Massachusetts are considering a ban on flavored tobacco and vape products, and in New York, Manhattan is expected to become the largest city to ban all vaping flavors except tobacco. Other states that have already banned the use of vitamin E acetate in vape products include Colorado and Ohio. Greater public awareness of this deadly condition helps with implementing comprehensive, population-based interventions for this preventable disease. What’s Vitamin E acetate? Alpha-Vitamin E acetate (ATA) is a specific form of Vitamin E acetate that’s often found in skin care products and dietary supplements. It’s also known as Vitamin E acetate, tocopherol acetate, or Vitamin E acetate. Vitamin E acetate is known for its antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help to protect your body from damaging compounds called free radicals. Normally, free radicals form when your body converts food into energy. However, free radicals can also come from UV light, cigarette smoke, and air pollution. In nature, Vitamin E acetate comes in the form of tocopheryl or tocotrienol. Both tocopheryl and tocotrienol have four forms, known as alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Alpha-tocopheryl (AT) is the most active form of Vitamin E acetate in humans. Vitamin E acetate is more stable than AT, meaning it can better withstand environmental stresses such as heat, air, and light. This makes it ideal for use in supplements and fortified foods because it has a longer shelf life. Where can I find Vitamin E acetate? Cosmetics and supplements You’ll find Vitamin E acetate in a variety of skin care products. The antioxidant properties of Vitamin E acetate can help to prevent damage to skin caused by free radicals from UV exposure. Vitamin E acetate may also have an anti-inflammatory effect on the skin. Due to its higher stability, Vitamin E acetate is also used in Vitamin E acetate dietary supplements. When taken orally, Vitamin E acetate is converted to AT within the intestine. Vitamin E acetate is in most multi-vitamins, so be sure to check how much is in your multi-vitamin if you take one, before adding a supplement. Foods In addition to dietary supplements and cosmetic products, you can find Vitamin E acetate in the following foods: green leafy vegetables, such as broccoli and spinach oils, such as sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, and corn oil sunflower seeds nuts, such as almonds and peanuts whole grains fruits, such as kiwi and mango Vitamin E acetate is also added to fortified foods, such as cereals, fruit juices, and many spreads. You can check food labels to see if Vitamin E acetate has been added. If you want to increase your Vitamin E acetate intake, you should start by first increasing your intake of these foods. Potential benefits Using AT on the skin, especially with vitamin C, helps to prevent UV damage to the skin. In a review of studies, the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University found that using AT with vitamin C on the skin decreased sunburned cells, DNA damage, and skin pigmentation following UV exposure. However, AT is less stable in the environment than Vitamin E acetate, which makes it harder to store. While Vitamin E acetate is less sensitive to heat and light than AT is, there’s less conversion of Vitamin E acetate to the active AT form within the skin. This is because the cells in the upper layer of your skin are much less metabolically active. As a result, using cosmetic products containing Vitamin E acetate on your skin may not be very effective. This is supported by a study from 2011 published in the Medical Principles and Practice journal. Using several commercial skin care products, researchers looked at the conversion of Vitamin E acetate to the active AT form in the skin of live rats. They found that, while there was Vitamin E acetate in the upper levels of the skin after using the product, there was no active AT. While there are many studies on the potential benefits of AT, studies on the benefits of Vitamin E acetate are limited. The results of these studies on Vitamin E acetate are mixed. Vitamin E acetate usually needs to be used with other vitamins and minerals to have a beneficial effect. A 2013 study of over 4,000 participants with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study found that their combination of high dose antioxidants C, E, and beta-carotene, along with zinc, worked to delay progression to advanced AMD. In another review of studies, the Linus Pauling Institute found that consuming Vitamin E acetate along with other antioxidant supplements had no effect on either the development or prevention of cVitamin E acetateracts. Regarding the benefits of Vitamin E acetate supplements overall, study results have been mixed on whether they’re beneficial for the following conditions: coronary heart disease cancer cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer’s disease Potential risks Most people don’t experience side effects when taking the recommended daily dose of Vitamin E acetate, which is 15 milligrams (mg). Too much Vitamin E acetate can cause problems. The tolerable upper limit dose of Vitamin E acetate for adults is 1,000 mg. High doses above 1,000 mg have been associated with the following side effects: dizziness fatigue headaches weakness blurred vision abdominal pain diarrhea nausea If you take high doses of Vitamin E acetate supplements for over a year, your risk of bleeding may increase. Speak to your doctor before taking Vitamin E acetate supplements if you take anticoagulant medication. It’s unlikely that you’ll get too much Vitamin E acetate from foods, but it can happen if you’re also taking supplements. A 2011 studyTrusted Source published in the Journal of the American Medical Association also showed that men taking high doses of Vitamin E acetate supplements had a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. It’s important to remember that the FDA doesn’t monitor supplements for purity or quality, so choosing a reputable brand is essential. Using skin care products containing Vitamin E acetate can also lead to an allergic reaction, skin reddening, or rash. The bottom line Vitamin E acetate is a form of Vitamin E acetate that’s often included in cosmetic products and dietary supplements due to its higher stability compared to AT. When taken orally, Vitamin E acetate is converted into active AT within the body. The effectiveness of Vitamin E acetate in cosmetic products seems to be limited because Vitamin E acetate isn’t effectively broken down to AT in the upper layers of skin. Additionally, research on the benefits of Vitamin E acetate supplements is limited and the results are mixed at best. If you’re looking to get more Vitamin E acetate, try adding foods such as leafy green vegetables, nuts, and wheat germ oil to your diet. Speak with your doctor before adding any supplements.

Synonyms: PVP/VA (Copovidone) --VA64/VA73;Aceticacid,ethenylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidethenylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidethenylestercopolymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;aceticacidvinylester,polymerwith1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone;gantrons860;i535;i635 CAS: 25086-89-9

Alpha-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. In addition, alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. Alpha-tocopherol also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. Compared with other forms of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body. d-Alpha-Tocopherol is a naturally-occurring form of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties. Considered essential for the stabilization of biological membranes (especially those with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids), d-alpha-Tocopherol is a potent peroxyl radical scavenger and inhibits noncompetitively cyclooxygenase activity in many tissues, resulting in a decrease in prostaglandin production. Vitamin E also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor dormancy through suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription. (NCI04) Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) is a fat soluble vitamin and potent antioxidant that is believed to be important in protecting cells from oxidative stress, regulating immune function, maintaining endothelial cell integrity and balancing normal coagulation. There is no evidence that vitamin E, in physiologic or even super-physiologic, high doses, causes liver injury or jaundice. Vitamin E is a collective term used to describe 8 separate fat soluble antioxidants, most commonly alpha-tocopherol[A176104]. Vitamin E acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Vitamin E deficiency is seen in persons with abetalipoproteinemia, premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), cystic fibrosis, and cholestasis and severe liver disease[A176104]. Preliminary research suggests vitamin E may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease and protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer[A237]. It also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen[A239]. Low levels of vitamin E have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer[L5725]. Alpha-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. In addition, alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. Alpha-tocopherol also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. Compared with other forms of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body. Vitamin E is likely the most important antioxidant in the human diet and alpha-tocopherol is the most active isomer. Alpha-tocopherol exhibits anti-oxidative capacity in vitro, and inhibits oxidation of ldl. Beside this, alpha-tocopherol shows anti-inflammatory activity and modulates expression of proteins involved in uptake, transport and degradation of tocopherols, as well as the uptake, storage and export of lipids such as cholesterol. Despite promising anti-atherogenic features in vitro, vitamin E failed to be atheroprotective in clinical trials in humans. Recent studies highlight the importance of long-chain metabolites of alpha-tocopherol, which are formed as catabolic intermediate products in the liver and occur in human plasma. These metabolites modulate inflammatory processes and macrophage foam cell formation via mechanisms different than that of their metabolic precursor alpha-tocopherol and at lower concentrations. Here we summarize the controversial role of vitamin E as a preventive agent against atherosclerosis and point the attention to recent findings that highlight a role of these long-chain metabolites of vitamin E as a proposed new class of regulatory metabolites. We speculate that the metabolites contribute to physiological as well as pathophysiological processes. Balanced nutrition is very important for maintaining health and strengthening the immune system as well as the daily functions of the body. The implementation of a nutrition program that is created with natural and healthy foods and that includes all food groups in moderation provides the body with the energy it needs and contains all nutrients in balanced proportions. Along with the foods consumed, the need for vitamins and minerals should be met in addition to the nutrients divided into three groups as protein, carbohydrate and fats. Vitamin E, one of the fat soluble vitamins; It is a nutrient that has important roles in many areas such as skin health, eye health and hormonal order. At the same time, vitamin E, one of the vitamins with antioxidant properties, is also very effective in strengthening the immune system. For this reason, it is important to take the vitamin E needed by the body regularly with foods. What is Vitamin E? Vitamin E is one of the basic types of vitamins, also called tocopherols, which are necessary for the daily functions of the body. Just like vitamins A, D and K, vitamin E is also fat-soluble and can be stored in the liver to some extent. This vitamin, which is absorbed from the small intestines after being taken with food, is a nutrient whose deficiency is less common than water-soluble vitamins due to its ability to be stored in the liver. In addition to the liver, some vitamin E can be stored in the heart, kidneys, adrenal glands, muscles and tissues. The only form of this vitamin, which has eight different forms, that can be used in the human body is the form called alpha tocopherol. Vegetable oils and vegetable foods containing valuable oils are among the main sources of vitamin E. Vitamin E can be taken into the body with foods, and in some cases, vitamin E can be taken into the body as supplements. The daily vitamin E requirement in adults is at the level of 10 mg for men and 8 mg for women. For children, the daily requirement varies between 3-10 mg depending on the age of the child. It is very important to meet this requirement on a daily basis. When vitamin E sources are not consumed in sufficient amounts for a long time or when vitamin E deficiency develops due to some diseases, some health problems begin to occur. What are the benefits of vitamin E? Vitamin E has many important functions in the human body. In order for many organs in the body to function properly, it is necessary to have sufficient vitamin E levels. This vitamin is also very important for the hormonal system to work properly. Especially in order to produce sex hormones in a healthy way, to prevent gynecological and urological diseases, and to increase reproductive ability, foods containing vitamin E should be consumed in sufficient amounts. At the same time, vitamin E, an antioxidant vitamin, prevents them from causing harmful effects on the body by reducing free radicals. In this way, it reduces oxidative stress and helps fight many diseases, especially cancer, by preventing the formation of genetic damage in cells. Vitamin E, which contributes to the strengthening of the immune system, contributes to the protection of the body against infectious diseases when taken in sufficient amount. Adequate vitamin E intake is also very important for eye and skin health. In order to maintain healthy eye development in children in the growth and development period, and to protect eye health in adult individuals, the daily vitamin E requirement should be fully met. In addition, it is important to meet the vitamin E requirement in terms of providing skin elasticity, increasing the renewal rate of the skin, obtaining a healthier skin appearance and preventing defects such as wrinkles. Some of the other benefits of vitamin E in the body are: Prevents cell damage: Thanks to its antioxidant properties, vitamin E prevents free radicals from damaging cells and causing cancer. In this way, it helps prevent cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Protects the skin against aging: Vitamin E, which has an important role in the protection of skin health, contributes to the protection of the moisture balance of the skin, the rapid healing of wounds and burns, and the prevention of wrinkles and other skin problems. At the same time, vitamin E, which provides protection against skin cancer, is included in many cosmetic products. Improves hair and nail health: Vitamin E; It helps hair grow healthily and quickly, as well as having a structure that is resistant to breakage and shedding. Vitamin E, which has positive effects in terms of nail health, helps nails to grow healthily while preventing yellowing, cracking and peeling. Reduces the effects of skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis: The daily requirement for vitamin E is It helps to reduce the symptoms of dryness in skin diseases such as eczema and atopic dermatitis and to increase the moisture content of the skin. It also has important effects in reducing the complications seen in psoriasis and supporting treatment. What do you have vitamin E in? In order to meet the daily requirement of vitamin E, basic food types containing plenty of this vitamin must be present in the diet sufficiently. The most valuable sources of vitamin E; Vegetable oils such as olive oil, hazelnut oil, Oil seeds such as hazelnuts, almonds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, Vegetables and greens such as spinach, cress, parsley, lettuce, celery, cabbage, broccoli, pumpkin, Poultry, Fish species such as anchovy, salmon, mackerel, sardines and tuna, Fruits such as avocados, bananas and kiwi Cereals, Butter, Red meat, They are foods like eggs. Should vitamin E supplements be used? Vitamin E supplements or vitamin-mineral tablets containing this vitamin can be found in pharmacies and stores where wellness products are sold. However, with a healthy nutrition program that includes all food groups in balanced amounts, the vitamin E requirement can be fully met. For this reason, individuals who do not have a medical obstacle to consume vitamin E source foods do not need to use vitamin E supplements. As with all vitamins and minerals, it is healthier to meet vitamin E naturally. Therefore, it is not recommended to use vitamin and mineral supplements unconsciously for purposes such as protecting from diseases or strengthening the body without consulting a physician, and it should be known that excessive intake of vitamins and minerals can adversely affect health. In addition, vitamin E supplements can be prescribed for people with a diagnosis of vitamin E deficiency or for individuals who follow a special diet due to any disease and therefore cannot consume vitamin E resources sufficiently. These supplements are usually in the form of capsules and the frequency and dosage of use should be determined by the physician. Vitamin E deficiency is generally seen in those who do not consume enough vegetable oils, and those who follow diets with very low fat content. In addition, when vitamin E absorption from the intestines is not sufficient, vitamin E deficiency may develop in people with diseases related to the digestive system. Such situations can be counted among the situations where vitamin E supplements can be used with the doctor's recommendation. Vitamin E deficiency includes vision problems, weakness and fatigue, anemia, cracks in the skin and tongue, anemia, easy bruising on the skin, muscle and bone pain, muscle loss, nail and hair health deterioration. Since many of these symptoms are symptoms that can be seen in different diseases, people who experience symptoms should definitely apply to health institutions and undergo an examination. If you are experiencing symptoms of vitamin E deficiency, you can apply to a healthcare institution and have the necessary tests done. According to your examination and test results, you can find out whether you need vitamin supplements or not, and you can protect your health by paying attention to the recommendations given by your physician. What is Vitamin E? Vitamin E is an antioxidant. It supports the body's immune system and helps regenerate cells. In addition to being found naturally in many foods, it can also be taken as a nutritional supplement. Vitamin E is fat soluble. This means your body stores and uses it as needed. Which Foods Contain Vitamin E? Foods containing vitamin E can be listed as follows (2): Vegetable Oils: Wheat germ oil Sunflower oil Safflower oil corn oil Soybean Oil Dried Nuts: Almond Peanut Hazelnut Seeds: Sunflower seeds Green Leafy Vegetables: Spinach Broccoli Frequently Asked Questions What Are The Skin Benefits Of Vitamin E? Among the benefits of vitamin E to the skin; These include removing wrinkles, increasing the speed of skin renewal and ensuring the moisture balance of the skin. Is Vitamin E Applied To The Skin? How Is Vitamin E Applied To The Skin? Vitamin E can be applied to the skin through its liquid form in capsules or through moisturizing creams containing vitamin E. Click to view vitamin E capsules. Does Vitamin E Grow Hair? When vitamin E is applied to the scalp, it can help hair growth by increasing blood circulation and regulating the pH level. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with several forms, but alpha-tocopherol is the only one used by the human body. Its main role is to act as an antioxidant, scavenging loose electrons—so-called “free radicals”—that can damage cells.It also enhances immune function and prevents clots from forming in heart arteries. Antioxidant vitamins, including vitamin E, came to public attention in the 1980s when scientists began to understand that free radical damage was involved in the early stages of artery-clogging atherosclerosis, and might also contribute to cancer, vision loss, and a host of other chronic conditions. Vitamin E has the ability to protect cells from free radical damage as well as stop the production of free radical cells entirely. However, conflicting study results have dimmed some of the promise of using high dose vitamin E to prevent chronic diseases. Food Sources Vitamin E is found in plant-based oils, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Wheat germ oil Sunflower, safflower, and soybean oil Sunflower seeds Almonds Peanuts, peanut butter Beet greens, collard greens, spinach Pumpkin Red bell pepper Asparagus Mango Avocado Signs of Deficiency Because vitamin E is found in a variety of foods and supplements, a deficiency in the U.S. is rare. People who have digestive disorders or do not absorb fat properly (e.g., pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease) can develop a vitamin E deficiency. The following are common signs of a deficiency: Retinopathy (damage to the retina of the eyes that can impair vision) Peripheral neuropathy (damage to the peripheral nerves, usually in the hands or feet, causing weakness or pain) Ataxia (loss of control of body movements) Decreased immune function Toxicity There is no evidence of toxic effects from vitamin E found naturally in foods. Most adults who obtain more than the RDA of 22 IU daily are using multivitamins or separate vitamin E supplements that contain anywhere from 400-1000 IU daily. There have not been reports of harmful side effects of supplement use in healthy people. However, there is a risk of excess bleeding, particularly with doses greater than 1000 mg daily or if an individual is also using a blood thinning medication such as warfarin. For this reason, an upper limit for vitamin E has been set for adults 19 years and older of 1000 mg daily (1465 IU) of any form of tocopherol supplement. Vitamin E helps maintain healthy skin and eyes, and strengthen the body's natural defence against illness and infection (the immune system). Good sources of vitamin E Vitamin E is a group of compounds found in a wide variety of foods. Good sources include: plant oils – such as rapeseed (vegetable oil), sunflower, soya, corn and olive oil nuts and seeds wheatgerm – found in cereals and cereal product How much vitamin E do I need? The amount of vitamin E you need is: 4mg a day for men 3mg a day for women You should be able to get all the vitamin E you need from your diet. Any vitamin E your body does not need immediately is stored for future use, so you do not need it in your diet every day. What happens if I take too much vitamin E? There is not enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking high doses of vitamin E supplements each day. What does the Department of Health and Social Care advise? You should be able to get the amount of vitamin E you need by eating a varied and balanced diet. If you take vitamin E supplements, do not take too much as this could be harmful. Taking 540mg (800 IU) or less a day of vitamin E supplements is unlikely to cause any harm. Vitamin E is found naturally in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement. “Vitamin E” is the collective name for a group of fat-soluble compounds with distinctive antioxidant activities. Naturally occurring vitamin E exists in eight chemical forms (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienol) that have varying levels of biological activity. Alpha- (or α-) tocopherol is the only form that is recognized to meet human requirements. Serum concentrations of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) depend on the liver, which takes up the nutrient after the various forms are absorbed from the small intestine. The liver preferentially resecretes only alpha-tocopherol via the hepatic alpha-tocopherol transfer protein; the liver metabolizes and excretes the other vitamin E forms. As a result, blood and cellular concentrations of other forms of vitamin E are lower than those of alpha-tocopherol and have been the subjects of less research. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that stops the production of ROS formed when fat undergoes oxidation. Scientists are investigating whether, by limiting free-radical production and possibly through other mechanisms, vitamin E might help prevent or delay the chronic diseases associated with free radicals. In addition to its activities as an antioxidant, vitamin E is involved in immune function and, as shown primarily by in vitro studies of cells, cell signaling, regulation of gene expression, and other metabolic processes. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in smooth muscle cells, platelets, and monocytes. Vitamin-E–replete endothelial cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels are better able to resist blood-cell components adhering to this surface. Vitamin E also increases the expression of two enzymes that suppress arachidonic acid metabolism, thereby increasing the release of prostacyclin from the endothelium, which, in turn, dilates blood vessels and inhibits platelet aggregation. Recommended Intakes Intake recommendations for vitamin E and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of The National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences). DRI is the general term for a set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy people. These values, which vary by age and gender, include: Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): Average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%–98%) healthy individuals; often used to plan nutritionally adequate diets for individuals. Adequate Intake (AI): Intake at this level is assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy; established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): Average daily level of intake estimated to meet the requirements of 50% of healthy individuals; usually used to assess the nutrient intakes of groups of people and to plan nutritionally adequate diets for them; can also be used to assess the nutrient intakes of individuals. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): Maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects. The FNB’s vitamin E recommendations are for alpha-tocopherol alone, the only form maintained in plasma. The FNB based these recommendations primarily on serum levels of the nutrient that provide adequate protection in a test measuring the survival of erythrocytes when exposed to hydrogen peroxide, a free radical. Acknowledging “great uncertainties” in these data, the FNB has called for research to identify other biomarkers for assessing vitamin E requirements. Naturally sourced vitamin E is called RRR-alpha-tocopherol (commonly labeled as d-alpha-tocopherol); the synthetically produced form is all rac-alpha-tocopherol (commonly labeled as dl-alpha-tocopherol). RDAs for vitamin E are provided in milligrams (mg) and are listed in Table 1. One mg vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is equivalent to 1 mg RRR-alpha-tocopherol or 2 mg all rac-alpha-tocopherol. Because insufficient data are available to develop RDAs for infants, AIs were developed based on the amount of vitamin E consumed by healthy breastfed babies. Food Numerous foods provide vitamin E. Nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils are among the best sources of alpha-tocopherol, and significant amounts are available in green leafy vegetables and fortified cereals (see Table 2 for a more detailed list). Most vitamin E in American diets is in the form of gamma-tocopherol from soybean, canola, corn, and other vegetable oils and food products. Dietary supplements Supplements of vitamin E typically provide only alpha-tocopherol, although “mixed” products containing other tocopherols and even tocotrienols are available. Naturally occurring alpha-tocopherol exists in one stereoisomeric form. In contrast, synthetically produced alpha-tocopherol contains equal amounts of its eight possible stereoisomers; serum and tissues maintain only four of these stereoisomers. A given amount of synthetic alpha-tocopherol (all rac-alpha-tocopherol; commonly labeled as “DL” or “dl”) is therefore only half as active as the same amount (by weight in mg) of the natural form (RRR-alpha-tocopherol; commonly labeled as “D” or “d”). Most vitamin-E-only supplements provide ≥67 mg (100 IU of natural vitamin E) of the nutrient. These amounts are substantially higher than the RDAs. Alpha-tocopherol in dietary supplements and fortified foods is often esterified to prolong its shelf life while protecting its antioxidant properties. The body hydrolyzes and absorbs these esters (alpha-tocopheryl acetate and succinate) as efficiently as alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E Intakes and Status Three national surveys—the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), NHANES III (1988–1994), and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (1994–1996) have found that the diets of most Americans provide less than the RDA levels of vitamin E. These intake estimates might be low, however, because the amounts and types of fat added during cooking are often unknown and not accounted for. The FNB suggests that mean intakes of vitamin E among healthy adults are probably higher than the RDA but cautions that low-fat diets might provide insufficient amounts unless people make their food choices carefully by, for example, increasing their intakes of nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. The 1999–2000 NHANES found that 11.3% of adults took vitamin E supplements containing at least 400 IU. Vitamin E Deficiency Frank vitamin E deficiency is rare and overt deficiency symptoms have not been found in healthy people who obtain little vitamin E from their diets. Premature babies of very low birth weight (<1,500 grams) might be deficient in vitamin E. Vitamin E supplementation in these infants might reduce the risk of some complications, such as those affecting the retina, but they can also increase the risk of infections. Because the digestive tract requires fat to absorb vitamin E, people with fat-malabsorption disorders are more likely to become deficient than people without such disorders. Deficiency symptoms include peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, skeletal myopathy, retinopathy, and impairment of the immune response. People with Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, or an inability to secrete bile from the liver into the digestive tract, for example, often pass greasy stools or have chronic diarrhea; as a result, they sometimes require water-soluble forms of vitamin E, such as tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate. Some people with abetalipoproteinemia, a rare inherited disorder resulting in poor absorption of dietary fat, require enormous doses of supplemental vitamin E (approximately 100 mg/kg or 5–10 g/day). Vitamin E deficiency secondary to abetalipoproteinemia causes such problems as poor transmission of nerve impulses, muscle weakness, and retinal degeneration that leads to blindness. Ataxia and vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is another rare, inherited disorder in which the liver’s alpha-tocopherol transfer protein is defective or absent. People with AVED have such severe vitamin E deficiency that they develop nerve damage and lose the ability to walk unless they take large doses of supplemental vitamin E. Vitamin E and Health Many claims have been made about vitamin E’s potential to promote health and prevent and treat disease. The mechanisms by which vitamin E might provide this protection include its function as an antioxidant and its roles in anti-inflammatory processes, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and immune enhancement. A primary barrier to characterizing the roles of vitamin E in health is the lack of validated biomarkers for vitamin E intake and status to help relate intakes to valid predictors of clinical outcomes. This section focuses on four diseases and disorders in which vitamin E might be involved: heart disease, cancer, eye disorders, and cognitive decline.

Vinyl neodecanoate ( Vinil neodekanoat) Vinyl neodecanoate, Vinil neodekanoat (trade name VeoVa 10) is a vinylic monomer that is virtually always used in combination with other monomers to create lattices or emulsion polymers.[3] Vinil neodekanoat The trade name is an acronym of Vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic Acid with the number 10 meaning 10 carbons in the molecule. It has a medium to low glass transition temperature of -3 °C. Chemically, it is a mixture of isomeric vinyl neodecanoate esters of neodecanoic acid. Vinyl neodecanoate(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) is mainly used as a modifying monomer in conjunction with other monomers and particularly the manufacture of vinyl neodecanoate acetate based polymer emulsions by the process of emulsion polymerization.[4] Vinyl neodecanoate-containing polymers (Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) are used in decorative emulsion paints, plasters and renders especially in Europe.[5] Vinyl neodecanoate(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) is, like most vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers, is very hydrophobic and the structure is highly branched with a tertiary substituted α-carbon. It is used as a hydrophobic co-monomer. VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat This structure renders the polymers produced from it, very resistant to alkali degradation as there is no hydrogen (thus proton producing species) on the α-carbon. They have good resistance to degradation from ultraviolet light.[6] (Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10, Vinyl neodecanoate) The monomer has even been used to produce vibration dampening resins.[7] Property Test method Unit Value Molecular formula (theoretical) C12H22O2 Molecular mass (theoretical) 198 Added inhibitor (hydroquinone monomethyl ether) LPM 3112 mg/kg 5 +/-2 Kinematic viscosity at 20ºC ASTM D445 mm2 /s 2.2 Specific heat at 20ºC ASTM E1269 kJ/kg ºC 1.97 Latent heat of vaporisation at 20ºC kJ/mol 48.9 Boiling range ASTM D1078 ºC 133-136* Flash point (PMCC) ASTM D93 ºC 75 Pour point ASTM D97 ºC Below -60 Solubility in water at 20-80ºC % (m/m) <0.1 Solubility of water in monomer at 20-80ºC % (m/m) 0.05 Miscibility with vinyl neodecanoate acetate Completely miscible Specific heat of polymerisation ASTM E1269 kJ/mol 96 Copolymerisation parameters**, e Q -0.53 0.026 Glass transition temperature (Tg) of homopolymer *** (vinyl neodecanoate acetate homopolymer=32ºC) ASTM D3418 ºC -3 * measured at a reduced pressure (100 mm Hg) ** Using constants according to Young, J.Pol.Sci. 54,411, e=-0.22, Q = 0.026 for Vinyl neodecanoate acetate *** By differential scanning calorimetry (onset value 20ºC per minute). Test Methods ASTM Standards are published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, west Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA. Transportation and Storage VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) Monomer should be stored at ambient temperature (min 5 °C - max 50 °C) in conditions such that moisture is excluded, in the original containers kept tightly closed. Under these conditions the shelf life should be a three years starting from the manufactured date. Handling Precautions For more detailed information on all aspects relating to Health, Safety and Handling, reference should be made to the Safety Data Sheet of VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat 10 monomer(Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) , VeoVa™ 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic™ acid 10. The homopolymer of VeoVa 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) has a relatively low Tg of -3 °C. VeoVa 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) can be used as a modifying comonomer in the preparation of vinyl neodecanoate acetate based polymer latices, which are used for the manufacture of high-quality emulsion paints. VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) vinyl neodecanoate ester is also used as a comonomer with acrylates for the production of emulsion and solution polymers. VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat VeoVa 10 chemical structure (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) Reactive group (highlighted in yellow) Similar reactivity to vinyl neodecanoate acetate Excellent reactivity with ethylene Good reactivity with acrylate and methacrylate monomers Bulky group (highlighted in blue) Highly branched aliphatic structure Hydrophobic UV stable Performance Characteristics Alkali resistance Water repellency / Low surface tension Reduced water absorption Outdoor durability Improved adhesion on non-polar substrates Typical Applications Interior and exterior decorative paints Wood coatings Industrial coatings Redispersible powders and concrete admixtures Construction adhesives Wood adhesives Elastomeric roof coatings VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic 10, a synthetic saturated monocarboxylic acid with a highly branched structure containing ten carbon atoms. VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) , a low viscosity liquid with a typical mild ester odor, is a very attractive monomer for the manufacture of polymers through reactions of the vinyl neodecanoate group(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10, Vinyl neodecanoate) . It imparts a combination of flexibility (medium to low Tg), hydrophobicity and very good chemical and UV resistance Vinyl neodecanoate, Vinil neodekanoat (trade name VeoVa 10) is a vinylic monomer that is virtually always used in combination with other monomers to create lattices or emulsion polymers.[3] VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat The trade name is an acronym of Vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic Acid with the number 10 meaning 10 carbons in the molecule. It has a medium to low glass transition temperature of -3 °C. Chemically, it is a mixture of isomeric vinyl neodecanoate esters of neodecanoic acid. Vinyl neodecanoate(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) is mainly used as a modifying monomer in conjunction with other monomers and particularly the manufacture of vinyl neodecanoate acetate based polymer emulsions by the process of emulsion polymerization.[4] Vinyl neodecanoate-containing polymers (Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) are used in decorative emulsion paints, plasters and renders especially in Europe.[5] Vinyl neodecanoate(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10) is, like most vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers, is very hydrophobic and the structure is highly branched with a tertiary substituted α-carbon. It is used as a hydrophobic co-monomer. VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat This structure renders the polymers produced from it, very resistant to alkali degradation as there is no hydrogen (thus proton producing species) on the α-carbon. They have good resistance to degradation from ultraviolet light.[6] (Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10, Vinyl neodecanoate) The monomer has even been used to produce vibration dampening resins.[7] Property Test method Unit Value Molecular formula (theoretical) C12H22O2 Molecular mass (theoretical) 198 Added inhibitor (hydroquinone monomethyl ether) LPM 3112 mg/kg 5 +/-2 Kinematic viscosity at 20ºC ASTM D445 mm2 /s 2.2 Specific heat at 20ºC ASTM E1269 kJ/kg ºC 1.97 Latent heat of vaporisation at 20ºC kJ/mol 48.9 Boiling range ASTM D1078 ºC 133-136* Flash point (PMCC) ASTM D93 ºC 75 Pour point ASTM D97 ºC Below -60 Solubility in water at 20-80ºC % (m/m) <0.1 Solubility of water in monomer at 20-80ºC % (m/m) 0.05 Miscibility with vinyl neodecanoate acetate Completely miscible Specific heat of polymerisation ASTM E1269 kJ/mol 96 Copolymerisation parameters**, e Q -0.53 0.026 Glass transition temperature (Tg) of homopolymer *** (vinyl neodecanoate acetate homopolymer=32ºC) ASTM D3418 ºC -3 * measured at a reduced pressure (100 mm Hg) ** Using constants according to Young, J.Pol.Sci. 54,411, e=-0.22, Q = 0.026 for Vinyl neodecanoate acetate *** By differential scanning calorimetry (onset value 20ºC per minute). Test Methods ASTM Standards are published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, west Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA. Transportation and Storage VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) Monomer should be stored at ambient temperature (min 5 °C - max 50 °C) in conditions such that moisture is excluded, in the original containers kept tightly closed. Under these conditions the shelf life should be a three years starting from the manufactured date. Handling Precautions For more detailed information on all aspects relating to Health, Safety and Handling, reference should be made to the Safety Data Sheet of VeoVa 10 (Vinyl neodecanoate) Vinil neodekanoat 10 monomer(Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) VeoVa™ 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic™ acid 10. The homopolymer of VeoVa 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) has a relatively low Tg of -3 °C. VeoVa 10 monomer (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) can be used as a modifying comonomer in the preparation of vinyl neodecanoate acetate based polymer latices, which are used for the manufacture of high-quality emulsion paints. VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) vinyl neodecanoate ester is also used as a comonomer with acrylates for the production of emulsion and solution polymers. VeoVa 10 chemical structure (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) Reactive group (highlighted in yellow) Similar reactivity to vinyl neodecanoate acetate Excellent reactivity with ethylene Good reactivity with acrylate and methacrylate monomers Bulky group (highlighted in blue) Highly branched aliphatic structure Hydrophobic UV stable Performance Characteristics Alkali resistance Water repellency / Low surface tension Reduced water absorption Outdoor durability Improved adhesion on non-polar substrates Typical Applications Interior and exterior decorative paints Wood coatings Industrial coatings Redispersible powders and concrete admixtures Construction adhesives Wood adhesives Elastomeric roof coatings VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of Versatic 10, a synthetic saturated monocarboxylic acid with a highly branched structure containing ten carbon atoms. VeoVa 10 (Vinil neodekanoat, Vinyl neodecanoate) , a low viscosity liquid with a typical mild ester odor, is a very attractive monomer for the manufacture of polymers through reactions of the vinyl neodecanoate group(Vinil neodekanoat, veova 10, Vinyl neodecanoate) . It imparts a combination of flexibility (medium to low Tg), hydrophobicity and very good chemical and UV resistance The neocarboxylic acid can be converted into its vinyl ester monomer by reaction with acetylene. Today, these monomers are marketed under the trade name VeoVa™ vinyl neodecanoate ester and are also widely referred to in industry as vinyl neodecanoate versatate monomers, neo-esters or VV monomers. VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers are very hydrophobic vinyl neodecanoate esters with a highly branched tertiary substituted α-carbon structure. Their principal use is as hydrophobic co-monomers in vinyl neodecanoate and acrylic polymerization. Their alkyl neocarboxylic group is very resistant to degradation in alkaline conditions, as there is no hydrogen on the α-carbon atom. The branched tertiary structure with bulky and hydrophobic hydrocarbon groups provides the neo-ester monomers (Figure 2) with a highly hydrophobic nature and a low surface tension. Furthermore, they possess a strong resistance to hydrolysis and do not degrade under the influence of UV light. The VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers easily polymerize with various other co-monomers through reaction of the vinyl ester functional group. In this way the specific properties of the monomer can be imparted to its copolymers. VeoVa monomer enhances the performance of vinyl neodecanoate acetate- and acrylic-based latices, significantly upgrading key properties such as water and alkali resistance in both polymer systems. VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester-based polymers exhibit the required polymer hardness and flexibility balance, hydrophobicity and chemical resistance for the formulation of a wide range of latex coatings. The resulting paints are characterized by very good water, UV and alkali resistance, and therefore exhibit very good outdoor durability.3 VeoVa monomers already have been successfully used to manufacture VeoVa/vinyl neodecanoate acetate copolymer latices. Used as binders for architectural paints, these latices provide improved scrub resistance and exterior durability. These properties of hydrophobicity, resistance to hydrolysis and UV light make VeoVa monomers also particularly suitable for producing high-performance latices, especially when they are copolymerized with acrylic and methacrylic monomers. VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester-modified acrylics can be formulated in protective coatings such as anti-corrosion paints, water-repellent systems, wood coatings, elastomeric roof coatings and adhesive applications such as PSAs. Glass Transition Temperature The various VeoVa monomers mainly differ in the degree of branching and the length of the hydrocarbon groups. This leads to differences in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of their homopolymers and consequently to different copolymer properties. The broad range of Tgs available within the portfolio of VeoVa monomers offers an important tool to the polymer chemist to develop hydrophobic polymers within a very wide Tg range. VeoVa 9 monomer is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of neononanoic acid (9 carbon atoms) and is considered a harder monomer as it imparts a Tg of +70 °C. Scholten and Van Westrenen illustrated the effect of chain branching by measuring the Tg of a series of polymer prepared from VeoVa 9 vinyl neodecanoate ester isomers.4 The Tgs were found to range from +10 to 119 °C, leading to the conclusion that the high Tg of poly-VeoVa 9 is a cumulative effect of the shorter chain length and the higher degree of branching within the various isomer mixtures. VeoVa 10 monomer is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of neodecanoic acid (10 carbon atoms) and has a homopolymer Tg of -3 °C, making it a flexibilizing monomer. VeoVa EH monomer is the vinyl neodecanoate ester of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, a more linear acid, and therefore has a significantly lower Tg of -36 °C Water Resistance Water resistance is one of the most important barrier properties of a coating. The water resistance of a coating is mainly governed by its polymeric binder and the monomers used to produce the binder. If water solubility of the monomers is taken as an indication of hydrophobicity (Table 1) it becomes clear that VeoVa monomers have a much higher hydrophobicity than other monomers that are commonly used in emulsion polymerization.5 Ease of Polymerization VeoVa monomers can be used in combination with a variety of other monomer types to produce various polymers. The ease of polymerization depends on the reactivity ratios of the monomers used (Table 2). The data reported in Table 2 show that VeoVa monomers have a similar reactivity to the vinyl neodecanoate acetate monomer. All the vinyl neodecanoate esters have a similar reactivity independent of the size of the carboxylic group. There is also a difference of reactivity between the vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers and (meth)acrylate monomers, but this difference is such that they can still react together in emulsion polymerization. Finally, the difference of reactivity between the vinyl neodecanoate ester monomers and styrene is so large that they cannot copolymerize in emulsion polymerization. In summary, the VeoVa monomers copolymerize easily with other vinyl neodecanoate esters, ethylene and most acetate-based and acrylic-based monomers. VeoVa-Modified Vinyl neodecanoate Acetate-Based Latices VV10 and vinyl neodecanoate acetate are very much complementary to each other with respect to the properties they impart to latex polymers. Vinyl neodecanoate acetate homopolymers, although economic in use, lack the flexibility and durability required for most emulsion paint applications. Homopolymers of VV10 (Table 3), on the other hand, exhibit very good resistance to hydrolysis, UV light and water, but having a Tg of -3 °C they are too soft for most coating applications. Copolymers of vinyl neodecanoate acetate and VV10 provide a well-balanced set of performance characteristics. Polyvinyl acetate has a Tg of +38 °C and is therefore brittle at ambient temperature. Co-polymerization of VV10 permanently flexibilizes the polymer and reduces the minimum film formation temperature (MFFT). Protective Effect of the VeoVa Vinyl Ester Molecule VV10 and vinyl neodecanoate acetate exhibit a very similar reactivity (r1=0.99; r2=0.92) in radical polymerization reactions, which leads to polymers with the monomer units randomly distributed along the chain. This is important, because it allows the key performance characteristics of the VV10 monomer to be fully exploited. The unique, highly branched, carbon-rich structure of the monomer sterically protects its ester group from being hydrolyzed. More importantly, it also protects neighboring acetate groups (Figure 3), thus improving the hydrolytic stability of the polymer. This protection phenomenon is referred to as the “umbrella effect”. This enables such polymers to be successfully used as paint binders on even very alkaline substrates. The umbrella protection effect of the highly branched carboxylate groups is supported by experimental data. The alkali resistance of a latex can be determined by the percentage of ester groups hydrolyzed after four days immersion in a 2% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The results (Figure 4) show clearly that the introduction of VV10 in vinyl neodecanoate acetate-based polymers significantly improves the alkali resistance of both colloid-stabilized and colloid-free systems. While only 20% of VV10 already has a profound positive influence, a 30% use is recommended to obtain the very good alkali resistance required for high durability of emulsion paint on alkaline surfaces. Vinyl neodecanoate acetate homopolymer, as well as its copolymers with butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, tend to hydrolyze easily and almost completely with time. The data shows that the alkali resistance of a VA/VV10 (85/15) is significantly better compared to the alkali resistance of a VA/2-EHA (85/15), and the same is observed for a VA/VV10 (75/25) compared to a VA/BA (75/25). VV10 is therefore far more effective in protecting the acetate group than an acrylate monomer such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or butyl acrylate. This can be explained by the fact that the neo-acid structure is more bulky, apolar and more effectively randomly located onto the polymer backbone. Equally, the alkali resistance of a vinyl neodecanoate acrylic latex can also be improved by the copolymerization of VV10. As can be seen from Figure 5, dry VV10-based latex films immersed for two weeks in a 2% NaOH solution remain almost unchanged. The alkali extractables from a latex clear film of the VeoVa-based terpolymer can be as low as the one of an all-acrylic or styrene-acrylic, and definitively better than a vinyl neodecanoate acrylic. Effect on Wet Scrub Resistance Vinyl neodecanoate acetate-rich polymers tend to soften and weaken considerably under the influence of water because vinyl acetate has a very hydrophilic characteristic. Hence, such systems may fail during wet cleaning or scrubbing. This is much less the case when the polymer contains a sufficient amount of hydrophobic monomer. VV10 performs better in this respect than other co-monomers for vinyl neodecanoate acetate. A series of vinyl neodecanoate acetate/VV10 binders with different VV10 content was formulated in a 60% PVC matte paint. The scrub resistance improved with increasing VV 10 content of the binder, as shown in Figure 6. Outdoor Durability Exterior paints first and foremost need to be resistant to the influence of the weather, such as fluctuations in temperature and humidity and to the effects of UV light. Equally important is that the paints resist exposure to alkali (e.g., from the substrate) and accommodate dimensional changes. VV10 latices, when properly formulated, have proven to be among the best performing under severe conditions. VV10, unlike other co-monomers for vinyl neodecanoate acetate, provides the hydrophobicity and hydrolytic stability required to resist degradation of the binder from exposure to alkaline substrates. Both vinyl neodecanoate acetate and VV10 impart good UV resistance. As can be seen in Figure 7, the VV10-based binders have much better outdoor durability than other vinyl neodecanoate acetate-based binders. Moreover, a VA/VV10 (70/30 m/m)-based paint equals or even outperforms the more expensive acrylic-based paints in erosion resistance and yellowing resistance. Also a vinyl neodecanoate acetate/VV10/BA (74/28/6) terpolymer-based paint performed very well in this 10-year exposure test. The paint with the styrene acrylic binder remained intact but severe yellowing was observed. The copolymerization of hydrophobic vinyl neodecanoate ester of branched neo-carboxylic acids significantly improves the performance of vinyl neodecanoate and acrylic binders. Manufacturing of vinyl neodecanoate acetate/VeoVa vinyl neodecanoate ester polymers is easy due to the favorable reactivity characteristics of the VeoVa monomer and vinyl neodecanoate acetate. Incorporating the highly branched structure enhances the alkaline and water resistance of the vinyl neodecanoate copolymers. The resulting paints will offer a high scrub resistance combined with excellent weathering resistance. Combining VeoVa monomers with acrylate monomers offers an additional tool to formulate a diversity of very versatile polymers for use in coating and adhesive applications. The upgraded acrylics perform very well on even the most demanding substrates such as metal, wood and even plastics.

ethenyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate; Neodecanoic acid vinyl ester; Neodecanoic acid, ethenyl ester cas no : 51000-52-3

vitamin B6; vitaminb6; PYRIDOXINE, N° CAS : 65-23-6 / 8059-24-3 ; 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol; Vitamine B6. Piridoxina [Spanish]; Pirivitol ; Pyridoxine ; Pyridoxinum [Latin]; Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6 ;VITAMIN B6 COMPLEXAutres langues : Vitamin B6, Vitamina B6. Nom INCI : PYRIDOXINE. Nom chimique : 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-; vitamine B6. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-603-0 / 232-503-8. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. (5-Hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-diyl)dimethanol; 200-603-0 [EINECS]; 2216; 232-503-8 [EINECS]; 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxy-methyl) pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin [German]; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl- [ACD/Index Name]; 3-hydroxy-2-Picoline-4,5-dimethanol; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-a-picoline; 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-pyridinol [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-pyridinol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4,5-Bis(hydroxyméthyl)-2-méthyl-3-pyridinol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol; 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol; 65-23-6 [RN]; Bezatin ; KV2JZ1BI6Z; MFCD00006335 [MDL number]; Piridoxina [Spanish]; Pirivitol ; Pyridoxine ;Pyridoxinum [Latin]; Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6 ; VITAMIN B6 COMPLEX; Piridossina; 139854 [Beilstein]; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin [German]; 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine; 2-Methyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine 2-methyl-4,5-dimethylol-pyridin-3-ol; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine; 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-α-picoline; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-α-picoline; 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol; 4,5-Bis-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol; Adermin; Adermine; Becilan; Becilan (Trade name); Beesix; Beesix (Trade name); Beeswax; Benadon (Trade name); Bonasanit (Trade name); DB00165; Gravidox; Hexa-βlin ; Hexobion ; Hydoxin; hydroxin; MFCD00012807 [MDL number]; Naturetime B6; NCGC00164317-01; Nestrex; Oprea1_061614; Pharmakon1600-01505453 Piridossina [DCIT]; Piridoxina [INN-Spanish]; Prestwick2_000623; Prestwick3_000623; Pridoxine; PXL; Pyridoxin; Pyridoxine free base; Pyridoxinum [INN-Latin]; Pyridoxolum; Pyroxin; vitamin B6 vitaminb6; 吡哆醇 [Chinese]

Triacetoxy(vinyl)silane; (Triacetoxysilyl)ethylene, Vinyltriacetoxysilane cas no: 4130-08-9

(Trimethoxysilyl)ethylene, Ethenyltrimethoxysilane, Trimethoxy(vinyl)silane cas no: 2768-02-7

Tris(2-methoxyethoxy)(vinyl)silane; Vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane cas no : 1067-53-4

VOS;Vinyltris(methylethy;Vinyl tris (MEKO) silane;Tri(2-butaneneoxime)cinylsilane;Tri(2-butaneneoxime)vinylsilane;Vinyltris(2-butanoneoxime)silane;Vinyl tri(butanone oximido) silane;vinyltri(methylethylketoxime)silane;Vinyltris(methyletylketoxime)silane;Vinyltris(methylethylketoxime)silan cas no : 2224-33-1

CHOLECALCIFEROL, N° CAS : 67-97-0 - Vitamine D3, Nom INCI : CHOLECALCIFEROL, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : 9,10-SECOCHOLESTA-5,7,10(19)-TRIEN-3-BETA-OL; 9,10-SECOCHOLESTA-5,7,10(19)-TRIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,5Z,7E)-; VITAMIN D3; VITAMINE D3. Utilisation:Vitamine. Cholecalciferol (bg) ;cholekalciferol (cs); cholekalcyferol (pl); colecalciferol (da); colecalciferolo (it); colécalciférol (fr); D3-vitamin (hu); Kolekalciferol (hr); kolekalciferolis (lt); kolekalciferols (lv);Kolekalsiferoli (fi) kolekaltsiferool (et); 67-97-0 [RN]; calciol; Cholecalciferol (D3); Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3); Cholecalciferol for system suitability; Cholecalciferol solution; Cholecalciferolum; colecalciferol [BAN]; colecalciferol [Spanish]; colécalciférol [French]; Colecalciferolum [Latin]; D3-Vicotrat ; FeraCol Granuvit D3 Micro-Dee NEO Dohyfral D3 Provitina Vi-De3 Videkhol Vigantol VITAMIN D Vitamin D3 Vitamin D3 solution VS2900000 колекальциферол [Russian] كوليكالسيفيرول [Arabic] (+)-vitamin D3; (3??,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol; (5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol; Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol; Calciol; CC; Colecalciferol; colecalciferolum; Oleovitamin D3; Vitamin D-3; Vitamin D3 (+)-vitamin D3; calciol; CC; Colecalciferol; Vitamin D3 1,2-Bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane 7-Dehydrocholesterol Arachitol Cholecalciferol D3 Cholecalciferol, USP Grade Cholecalciferol|Vitamin D3 Colecalciferolo colecalciferolum Colecalciferolum Colecalcipherol D014807 D3-Vigantol Delsterol Deparal Devaron dihydrocholesterol Duphafral D3 1000 Ebivit EINECS 200-673-2 EINECS 215-797-2 Micro-D oleovitamin D3 Optimal-D Optimal-D Optimal-D; Vigantol Prestwick3_000429 Quintox Rampage Ricketon Trivitan VD3 VidDe-3-hydrosol Vi-de-3-hydrosol Vigorsan Vitamin D 3 vitamin d-3 vitamin D4 vitamind3

VULKACIT DM/C Vulkacit DM/C Vulcanization is the conversion of a high-molecular material from the plastic to the elastic state. One of the key chemical reactions in this process is that of rubber with sulfur. Sulfur vulcanization, widely used in the rubber industry, requires the use of vulcanization accelerators such as Vulkacit DM/C. Used in tread, side walls , auto tubes and carcass Manufacture of antibiotics cephalosporin V belts conveyor belts, hoses , cables, Manufacture of textile auxiliaries Anticorrosion agent in boilers Technical moldings and extrudates in general, e.g. seals, hose, profiles, cable sheeting & insulation Synonyms Vulkacit DM/C 576 Vulkacit DM/C CZ/C CBS Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EGC CBS Vulkacit DM/C DM/C MBTS Vulkacit DM/CDM/MG-C MBTS Vulkacit DM/C I 53880-86-7 Vulkacit DM/C LDA ZDEC Vulkacit DM/C DZ/EGC Vulkacit DM/C LDB ZDBC Vulkacit DM/C LDB/C ZDBC Vulkacit DM/C MOZ/LG MBS Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto/C MBT Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto/MG-C MBT Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EGC TBBS Vulkacit DM/C P Extra N ZEPC Vulkacit DM/C Thiuram/C TMTD Vulkacit DM/C ZBEC ZBEC Vulkacit DM/C ZBEC/C ZBEC Vulkacit DM/C ZM ZMBT Vulkacit DM/C ZM2 ZMBT Vulkacit DM/C ZM-2W ZMBT Vulkacit DM/CZM-W ZMBT Vulkacit DM/C® Technical Data Sheets This page has links to all data sheets in MatWeb for the tradename Vulkacit DM/C®. We have several search tools, listed above, that give you more efficient methods to reach the information that you need. Vulkacit DM/C® has 19 material(s) in the MatWeb database. Back to Tradename List Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® 576 Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® CZ/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® CZ-EG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® DM/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® DM/MG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® DM-PB/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® DZ/EG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® F-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® I Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® LDA Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® Merkapto/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® Merkapto/MG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® NZ/EG-C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® Thiuram/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZBEC/C Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZM Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-2 Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-2W Vulcanization Accelerator Lanxess Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-W Vulcanization Accelerator Vulcanization is the conversion of a high molecular material from the plastic to the elastic state. One of the key chemical reactions in this process is that of rubber with sulfur. Sulfur vulcanization, widely used in the rubber industry, requires the use of vulcanization accelerators such as Vulkacit DM/C®. Vulcanization accelerators are not catalysts because they are part of the chemical reaction. The great variety of accelerators available is a result of their different influences on the vulcanization kinetics (scorch and cure time) and on physical properties such as tensile strength, elasticity or resistance to aging. In many cases, accelerators are combined to supply optimal processing and physical properties Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto This document provides a brief description of Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto, its uses, and the potential hazards associated with short and long term exposure. Environmental impact information for accidental releases is included. This information is general in nature and is not intended as a replacement for the safety data sheet (SDS), product label and other safe handling literature. For additional information consult the LANXESS safety data sheet. Identification Product Name: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto Chemical Name: 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Synonym(s): 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione 2-Benzothiazolethiol Benzothiazole-2-thiol MBT CAS Number: 149-30-4 Description Overview: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is a yellow solid at ambient temperatures. The chemical is sold by LANXESS in powder form with a mild, pungent odor. Uses: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is manufactured by LANXESS for use as a vulcanization accelerator in the production of tires and other rubber products. The chemical is also used as a mildewicide in the manufacture of textiles, paper sizings and water-based adhesives; and as a corrosion inhibitor in cutting oils and petroleum products. Properties: Melting Point: Product Safety Assessment: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto Last Revised: August 2015 Page 2 of 3 Potential Human Health Effects Occupational Exposure Potential for exposure exists during manufacture, at transloading facilities, during transfers to storage or staging areas and—in its application as a vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber—during the charging of mixers. Employee Training Workers handling Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto are trained to implement proper handling procedures and to understand the potential health and physical hazards of this product. NOISH approved, airpurifying particulate respirators are recommended for product handlers. In addition, LANXESS recommends that workers wear goggles, long-sleeved shirts, long pants and gloves when handling Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto to minimize skin and eye contact. Organic vapor respirators and engineering or process controls may be necessary in operations where the chemical is heated to thermal decomposition. Consumer Exposure LANXESS Corporation does not sell this product to the general public. Rubber goods using Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto as an accelerator retain the substance in encapsulated form in the final product. Persons susceptible to allergic skin reactions may experience “tennis shoe” dermatitis as a result of direct skin contact with shoes, elastic waistbands and other products containing the chemical. Skin irritation is typically temporary. Short-Term Health Effects Short-term contact with Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto may cause mild skin or eye irritation. Inhalation of Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto dust may cause respiratory tract irritation, with symptoms of coughing and a sore throat. Susceptible individuals may experience an allergic reaction from direct skin contact, with symptoms of redness, itching, swelling and rash. Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is not expected to be harmful if swallowed. Long-Term Health Effects Long-term or repeated contact with Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto may cause skin sensitization. Physical Hazards Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is a stable, non-volatile solid at room temperature. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents. Large concentrations of Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto dust may be explosive. Exposure to heat, open flames and other potential sources of ignition should be avoided. Potential Environmental Impact Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is not biodegradable but the chemical does break down into biodegradable substances with prolonged exposure to water and/or light. Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto may pose a potential danger to fish (slight toxicity), invertebrates (moderate to high toxicity) and aquatic plants (moderate to high toxicity) prior to degrading. Accumulation in the environment is not expected. Product Safety Assessment: Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto Last Revised: August 2015 Page 3 of 3 Conclusion Under normal conditions of anticipated use as described in this Product Safety Assessment, and if the recommended safe use and handling procedures are followed, Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto is not expected to pose a significant risk to human health or the environment. References International Chemical Safety Card, International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Vulkacit DM/C MERKAPTO, LANXESS Corporation 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C (N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE) United States Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 18,000 3,551,718 197 2016 38121000 RUBBER CHEMICALS ACCELERATOR - Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C(R732) Belgium Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 12,000 2,867,592 239 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER CHEMICALS - ACCELERATOR) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 12,000 2,867,592 239 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (N-TERT BUTYL -2-BENZOTHIAZOLE SULPHANIDE) Belgium Cochin Sea KGS 12,000 2,867,592 239 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 24,000 5,980,978 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 7,000 1,741,871 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 5,000 1,244,194 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 4,500 1,119,774 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 3,000 746,516 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 6,000 1,493,033 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C (N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE) United States Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 18,000 3,549,091 197 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 4,000 995,355 249 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 2,000 497,678 249 2016 38121000 RUBBER ACCELERATOR WF12 Vulkacit DM/C DPG POWDER FORM DIPHENYL GUANIDINE DPG China Pithampur KGS 8,000 1,883,024 235 2016 38121000 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE (MBT)(Vulkacit DM/C MERKAPTO/MG Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 61,200 7,933,261 130 2016 38121000 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE (MBT) Vulkacit DM/C MERKAPTO/MG Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 40,800 5,284,926 130 2016 38121000 RUBBER CHEMICALS ACCELERATOR - Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C(R732) Belgium Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 1,700 405,641 239 2016 38121000 RUBBER CHEMICALS ACCELERATOR - Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C(R732) Belgium Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 9,600 2,290,680 239 2016 38121000 RUBBER CHEMICALS ACCELERATOR - Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C(R732) Belgium Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 700 167,029 239 2016 38121000 Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EG-C (RUBBER ACCELERATORS) Belgium Chennai Sea KGS 24,000 5,972,130 249 Vulkacit DM/C® Products & Applications - Overview Grade Name Description Vulkacit DM/C® CZ/C N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) Supply form: powder, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® CZ/EG-C N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) Supply form: granules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® DM-PB/C di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide (MBTS) Supply form: powder, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® DM/C di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide (MBTS) Supply form: powder, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® DM/MG-C di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide (MBTS) Supply form: microgranules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® DZ/EG-C (Kallo, Belgium) benzothiazyl-2-cyclo-hexyl sulfenamide (DCBS) Supply form: granules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® Merkapto/C 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) Supply form: powder, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® Merkapto/MG-C 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) Supply form: microgranules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® NZ/EG-C N-tert-butyl-benzo-thiazyl sulfenamide (TBBS) Supply form: granules, low dust Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® ZM zinc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) Supply form: powder Latex application areas: coagulated goods, foams, shoes, automotive - also acts as a sensitizing agent for foam compounds Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-2 zinc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) Supply form: powder low MBT version of Vulkacit DM/C® ZM Specification Specification Vulkacit DM/C® ZM-W zinc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) Supply form: powder wettable version of Vulkacit DM/C® ZM for latex Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C This document provides a brief description of Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C, its uses, and the potential hazards associated with short and long term exposure. Environmental impact information for accidental releases is included. This information is general in nature and is not intended as a replacement for the safety data sheet (SDS), product label and other safe handling literature. For additional information consult the LANXESS safety data sheet. Identification Product Name: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C Chemical Name: n-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide coated with mineral oil Synonym(s): CBS 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide CAS Number: 95-33-0 Description Overview: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is a light gray solid in granule form at ambient temperatures. The product has a slight odor. Uses: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is used as a vulcanization accelerator in the production of tires and other rubber products. Properties: Melting Point: Flash Point: Solubility in Water: > 208°F (98°C) 334.4°F (168°C) Slight Product Safety Assessment: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C Last Revised: August 2015 Page 2 of 3 Potential Human Health Effects Occupational Exposure Potential for exposure exists through inhalation, ingestion, skin or eye contact during cleaning, maintenance and repair work in facilities that manufacture Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C; at transloading facilities, during transfers to storage or staging areas andóin its application as a vulcanization acceleratoróduring the charging of mixers. Employee Training Workers handling Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C are trained to implement proper handling procedures and to understand the potential health and physical hazards of this product. A NIOSH approved airpurifying particulate respirator is recommended for operations where dust concentrations exceed appropriate standards/guidelines. In addition, LANXESS recommends that goggles, permeation resistant clothing, gloves and foot protection be worn when handling Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C. Consumer Exposure LANXESS Corporation does not sell this product to the general public. Rubber products manufactured using Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C as an accelerator may retain encapsulated n-cyclohexyl-2- benzothiazolesulfenamide and persons susceptible to allergic skin reactions may experience temporary skin irritation from direct contact with these products. Trace amounts of n-cyclohexyl-2- benzothiazolesulfenamide can leach from rubber goods manufactured using the chemical as an intermediate, and the chemical has been found in drinking water and other water sources. Short-Term Health Effects Short-term skin or eye contact with Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C may cause mild irritation. Susceptible individuals may experience an allergic reaction from direct contact with symptoms of redness, itching, swelling or rash. Inhalation of Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C dust may cause respiratory tract irritation with symptoms of coughing, sore throat and runny nose. Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is not expected to be harmful if swallowed, although abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur. Long-Term Health Effects Repeated or prolonged overexposure may result in sensitization and may cause effects as noted under Short-Term Health Effects. Certain mineral oils have been identified as known or suspected human carcinogens as well as fertility damage. Physical Hazards Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is a stable, non-volatile solid at room temperature. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents. Large concentrations of dust may form explosive mixtures with air. Heating to decomposition may release carbon monoxide and other toxic gases. Exposure to heat, open flames and other potential sources of ignition should be avoided. Potential Environmental Impact Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is not biodegradable but it does break down into biodegradable substances with prolonged exposure to water or light. Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C may pose a potential danger to fish (slight toxicity), invertebrates (moderate to high toxicity) and aquatic plants (moderate to high toxicity) prior to degrading. Accumulation in the environment is not expected. Product Safety Assessment: Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C Last Revised: August 2015 Page 3 of 3 Conclusion Under normal conditions of anticipated use as described in this Product Safety Assessment, and if the recommended safe use and handling procedures are followed, Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C is not expected to pose a significant risk to human health or the environment. References European Union Risk Assessment Report: n-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulphenemide, European Commission Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EG-C, LANXESS Corporation Vulkacit DM/C 576 Vulkacit DM/C CZ/C CBS Vulkacit DM/C CZ/EGC CBS Vulkacit DM/C DM/C MBTS Vulkacit DM/CDM/MG-C MBTS Vulkacit DM/C I 53880-86-7 Vulkacit DM/C LDA ZDEC Vulkacit DM/C DZ/EGC Vulkacit DM/C LDB ZDBC Vulkacit DM/C LDB/C ZDBC Vulkacit DM/C MOZ/LG MBS Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto/C MBT Vulkacit DM/C Merkapto/MG-C MBT Vulkacit DM/C NZ/EGC TBBS Vulkacit DM/C P Extra N ZEPC Vulkacit DM/C Thiuram/C TMTD Vulkacit DM/C ZBEC ZBEC Vulkacit DM/C ZBEC/C ZBEC Vulkacit DM/C ZM ZMBT

cas no: 91082-88-1

Walocel CRT 20000 PV представляет собой разновидность эфира целлюлозы, в частности производное гидроксиэтилцеллюлозы (ГЭЦ).
Эфиры целлюлозы представляют собой группу водорастворимых полимеров, полученных из целлюлозы, природного полимера, содержащегося в растениях.

Номер CAS: 9004-32-4
Номер ЕС: 618-378-6

Синонимы: гидроксиэтилцеллюлоза, ГЭЦ, Натросол, Натрозол ГЭЦ, Натросол Плюс, Целлозайз, Тилоза, Бермоколл, Метоцел, Кульминал, Шинэцу ГЭЦ, Dow ГЭЦ, Геркулес ГЭК, Валоцел, Aquacoat, Culminal, Nisso ГЭЦ, Метоцел, Тайлопур и Целлюлозный гидроксиэтил. Эфир, поливиниловый спирт, ПВА, ПВС, винил, элванол, мовиол, гелватол, аирвол, курарай повал, винилон, целвол, госенол и поливиол.



ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ


Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно использовать в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора в красках и покрытиях на водной основе, улучшая контроль вязкости и удобство нанесения кистью.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может служить связующим веществом в клеях для керамической плитки, улучшая адгезию к основанию и уменьшая провисание во время нанесения.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно добавлять в цементные затирки для плитки для улучшения удобоукладываемости и удержания воды, а также обеспечения надлежащего отверждения и адгезии.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может использоваться в качестве модификатора реологии в клейстерах для обоев, обеспечивая хорошую адгезию и растекаемость.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в составе строительных химических добавок, таких как гидроизоляционные и самовыравнивающиеся смеси, улучшающие текучесть и удобоукладываемость.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может служить загустителем в шовных герметиках и текстурированных покрытиях, обеспечивая гладкое нанесение и однородную текстуру.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может использоваться в производстве клеев на водной основе для ламинирования картона и упаковки, обеспечивая хорошую липкость и прочность соединения.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно добавлять в средства личной гигиены, такие как шампуни и гели для душа, в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора, повышая вязкость и стабильность пены.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в рецептурах зубных паст в качестве связующего и загустителя, улучшающего текстуру и вкусовые ощущения.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно использовать в рецептурах фармацевтических гелей и кремов для местного применения, обеспечивая контролируемое высвобождение активных ингредиентов и плавное нанесение.
Walocel CRT 200 00 PV может найти применение в пищевой промышленности в качестве загустителя соусов, заправок и десертов, улучшая текстуру и вкусовые ощущения.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может использоваться при производстве чернил на водной основе для полиграфии, обеспечивая хорошую растекаемость и пригодность для печати.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в составе паст для текстильной печати в качестве загустителя и связующего, улучшая цветопередачу и стойкость к стирке.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может быть включен в рецептуры буровых растворов в нефтегазовой промышленности для улучшения вязкости и свойств суспензии.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может использоваться в производстве архитектурных покрытий на основе латекса, обеспечивая хорошую способность нанесения кистью и выравнивающие свойства.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может служить связующим веществом и загустителем в рецептурах моющих средств, улучшая стабильность и дисперсию активных ингредиентов.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в рецептурах полимерных дисперсий и эмульсий для клеев и покрытий, обеспечивая хорошие пленкообразующие свойства.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно использовать в качестве связующего в рецептурах керамических масс для производства плитки и керамики, улучшая прочность в сыром состоянии и экструдируемость.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в составе огнезащитных покрытий для строительных материалов, обеспечивая хорошую адгезию и огнестойкость.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно добавлять в покрытия семян для улучшения адгезии и защиты, повышая всхожесть и урожайность.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в составе аккумуляторных электролитов в качестве загустителя, обеспечивающего хорошую проводимость и стабильность.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может использоваться в качестве пленкообразователя при производстве водорастворимых упаковочных материалов и биоразлагаемых пленок.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в составе термосвариваемых покрытий для гибких упаковочных материалов, обеспечивая хорошую адгезию и прочность сварки.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно добавлять в средства по уходу за волосами, такие как гели и муссы для укладки, в качестве загустителя и пленкообразователя, улучшая фиксацию и блеск.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в рецептурах сельскохозяйственных препаратов, таких как покрытия для семян и опрыскивания листьев, обеспечивая хорошую адгезию и растекаемость.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в составе клеев для бумаги и упаковки, обеспечивая хорошую липкость и адгезию к различным основам.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно использовать в качестве загустителя в герметиках и герметиках на основе латекса, улучшая вязкость и экструдируемость.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно добавлять в пасты для печати по текстилю в качестве загустителя и связующего, улучшая цветопередачу и четкость печати.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может служить суспендирующим агентом в суспензионных удобрениях, предотвращая осаждение и обеспечивая равномерное распределение питательных веществ.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в составе пеногасителей для промышленных процессов, предотвращая образование пены и повышая эффективность.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно использовать в качестве связующего вещества в керамических глазурях и ангобах, улучшая адгезию и качество поверхности.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в рецептурах смазочных материалов и консистентных смазок в качестве загустителя, обеспечивающего хорошие пленкообразующие свойства и смазывающую способность.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может служить стабилизатором в реакциях эмульсионной полимеризации, улучшая распределение частиц по размерам и стабильность.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение при производстве буровых растворов на водной основе для нефтегазовой отрасли, обеспечивая хорошие реологические свойства и суспендирование.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно использовать в составе морилок и отделочных материалов на водной основе, обеспечивая хорошую растекаемость и выравнивание.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в производстве литейных растворов для литья керамики и металла, улучшая формуемость и чистоту поверхности.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно добавлять в печатные краски в качестве загустителя и связующего, улучшая четкость печати и насыщенность цвета.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в составе сепараторов для литий-ионных аккумуляторов, обеспечивая хорошее удержание электролита и ионную проводимость.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может использоваться в качестве связующего при производстве стекловолокна и композитных материалов, улучшая адгезию и механические свойства.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в производстве моющих и чистящих средств в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может служить связующим веществом при производстве абразивных изделий, таких как шлифовальные круги и наждачная бумага, улучшая прочность сцепления и долговечность.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в рецептурах жидкостей для струйной печати в качестве модификатора вязкости и стабилизатора, улучшая качество и надежность печати.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может использоваться в производстве пищевых добавок и фармацевтических таблеток в качестве связующего и дезинтегратора, обеспечивая надлежащее растворение и биодоступность.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение при создании пленочных покрытий для твердых лекарственных форм для перорального применения, обеспечивая защиту от влаги и маскировку вкуса.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно добавлять в жидкости гидроразрыва при добыче нефти и газа, обеспечивая хороший контроль суспензии и потери жидкости.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение при производстве гелевых свечей и восковых расплавов в качестве загустителя, улучшающего дисперсию ароматизаторов и время горения.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может служить связующим при производстве керамических мембран для фильтрации воды, улучшая пористую структуру и проницаемость.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может использоваться в составе ингибиторов коррозии и средств защиты от ржавчины для металлических поверхностей, обеспечивая хорошую адгезию и барьерную защиту.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно включать в состав средств личной гигиены и гелей для интимной гигиены в качестве загустителя и увлажняющего крема, повышая смазывающую способность и комфорт.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV может найти применение в производстве биоразлагаемых упаковочных материалов и одноразовых изделий, обеспечивая хорошую прочность и водостойкость.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Walocel CRT 20000 PV представляет собой разновидность эфира целлюлозы, в частности производное гидроксиэтилцеллюлозы (ГЭЦ).
Эфиры целлюлозы представляют собой группу водорастворимых полимеров, полученных из целлюлозы, природного полимера, содержащегося в растениях.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV часто используется в качестве загустителя, стабилизатора и пленкообразователя в различных отраслях промышленности, таких как строительство, фармацевтика, средства личной гигиены и пищевая промышленность.
Его свойства делают его пригодным для таких применений, как улучшение вязкости и реологии жидких продуктов, улучшение текстуры и стабильности эмульсий, а также контроль высвобождения активных ингредиентов в фармацевтических рецептурах.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV — водорастворимый полимер, полученный из целлюлозы, природного полисахарида, содержащегося в стенках растительных клеток.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV обычно используется в качестве загустителя, связующего и пленкообразователя в различных промышленных и потребительских товарах.

Его химическая структура состоит из целлюлозных цепей с гидроксиэтильными группами, прикрепленными к основной цепи целлюлозы.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV обычно продается в виде порошка или гранул от белого до почти белого цвета с различной вязкостью.

При диспергировании в воде ГЭЦ образует прозрачные вязкие растворы с превосходной стабильностью в широком диапазоне pH.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV известен своим псевдопластичным поведением или поведением истончения при сдвиге, что означает, что его вязкость снижается под действием напряжения сдвига.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV демонстрирует высокую совместимость с другими полимерами и добавками, что делает его универсальным в рецептурах.
Вязкость растворов Walocel CRT 20000 PV можно регулировать, варьируя концентрацию полимера и скорость сдвига.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV используется в производстве красок, клеев, косметики, средств личной гигиены и фармацевтических препаратов.

В рецептурах красок Walocel CRT 20000 PV действует как модификатор реологии, улучшая устойчивость к провисанию, устойчивость к разбрызгиванию и время схватывания.
В клеях ГЭЦ обеспечивает загущающие и связующие свойства, повышая прочность и липкость клея.

Walocel CRT 20000 PV широко используется в косметике и средствах личной гигиены в качестве загустителя, стабилизатора и эмульгатора.
Walocel CRT 20000 PV придает к��емам, лосьонам и средствам по уходу за волосами гладкую текстуру, однородность и повышенные пленкообразующие свойства.



ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ


Внешний вид: порошок или гранулы от белого до почти белого цвета.
Запах: Без запаха.
Растворимость: растворим в воде, образуя прозрачные или слегка мутные растворы.
Молекулярный вес: варьируется в зависимости от степени замещения и полимеризации.
Плотность: Обычно колеблется от 1,3 до 1,5 г/см³.
Точка плавления: Разлагается перед плавлением.
Вязкость: демонстрирует псевдопластическое поведение, при этом вязкость снижается под действием напряжения сдвига.
pH: Обычно нейтральный в водном растворе.
Гигроскопичность: поглощает влагу из воздуха.



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


Вдыхание:

При вдыхании немедленно вынесите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Убедитесь, что человек может дышать комфортно.
Если трудности с дыханием сохраняются или если человек не дышит, немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Сохраняйте спокойствие и уверенность пострадавшего.


Контакт с кожей:

Немедленно снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно промойте пораженный участок водой с мылом в течение не менее 15 минут.
Если раздражение, покраснение или дискомфорт не исчезнут, обратитесь к врачу.
При попадании ГЭК на чувствительную кожу или открытые раны немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.


Зрительный контакт:

Промывайте глаза теплой водой в течение как минимум 15 минут, держа веки открытыми, чтобы обеспечить тщательное промывание.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, даже если изначально раздражения нет.
Снимите контактные линзы, если их легко снять после промывания.
Защищайте непораженный глаз во время промывания, чтобы предотвратить перекрестное загрязнение.


Проглатывание:

Не вызывайте рвоту, если это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно прополоскать рот водой и выплюнуть.
Не давайте ничего перорально человеку, находящемуся без сознания.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Предоставить медицинскому персоналу информацию о принятом количестве и времени приема.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ

Умение обращаться:

Средства индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ):
Носите соответствующую защитную одежду, включая перчатки, защитные очки и защитную одежду, чтобы свести к минимуму контакт с кожей и глазами.
Используйте средства защиты органов дыхания, такие как пылезащитная маска или респиратор, при работе с ГЭЦ в порошкообразной форме или в пыльной среде.
Перед работой с HEC убедитесь, что все средства индивидуальной защиты находятся в хорошем состоянии и правильно установлены.

Меры предосторожности при обращении:
Обращайтесь с ГЭК в хорошо проветриваемом помещении, чтобы свести к минимуму воздействие при вдыхании.
Избегайте образования пыли или аэрозолей при работе с твердым соединением.
Используйте инструменты и оборудование, предназначенные для работы с порошками, чтобы свести к минимуму риск разливов и образования пыли.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите во время работы с ГЭК.
После работы тщательно вымойте руки, чтобы удалить остатки продукта.


Хранилище:

Условия хранения:
Храните HEC в прохладном, сухом, хорошо проветриваемом помещении, вдали от источников тепла, искр и открытого огня.
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение и испарение.
Храните вдали от несовместимых материалов, таких как сильные окислители и кислоты.
Убедитесь, что складское помещение оборудовано соответствующими мерами по локализации разливов.
Храните в контейнерах из совместимых материалов, таких как полиэтилен высокой плотности (HDPE) или стекло.
Регулярно проверяйте контейнеры на предмет повреждений или утечек и заменяйте при необходимости.

Сегрегация и разделение:
Отделяйте ГЭЦ от несовместимых материалов, таких как кислоты, основания и сильные окислители.
Храните ГЭК отдельно от продуктов питания, напитков и кормов, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.

Погрузочно-разгрузочное и складское оборудование:
Используйте оборудование и контейнеры, специально предназначенные для работы с ГЭК, чтобы предотвратить перекрестное загрязнение.
Убедитесь, что оборудование, используемое для передачи или распределения ГЭК, чистое и не содержит остатков несовместимых материалов.

Чрезвычайные процедуры:
Ознакомьте персонал с порядком действий в случае разливов, утечек или инцидентов, связанных с воздействием.
Держите под рукой комплекты для устранения разливов и абсорбирующие материалы для немедленного реагирования на разливы.
Обучите персонал правильным процедурам обращения и протоколам реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации.

Bees wax; Carnauba wax; Candelilla wax; Paraffin wax; CAS NO: 8012-89-3 CAS NO: 8015-86-9 CAS NO:8006-44-8 CAS NO:8002-74-2

WHEAT GERM OIL Among the extensive range of beneficial oils available in the stores, a member to join the limelight in the recent years is wheat germ oil. Wheat is no stranger in the Indian household. While the refined variant - maida - is shunned upon by many, whole wheat flour is lovingly used to make a range of Indian breads like stuffed parathas, fluffy rotis, baturas and the like. Experts have always said that the nutritional contents of wheat are mostly enclosed in the germ of the grain. The more the grains are refined, the more we lose the benefits.Wheat germ refers to the embryo of the seed, which germinates into a plant. The germ is loaded with essential nutrients such as plant proteins, fiber, vitamins, minerals (phosphorus, zinc, iron, selenium and potassium) and fatty acids which have proven to be beneficial for hair, skin and overall health. Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ and is said to be equally as beneficial. "Wheat germ oil (WG) is widely recognised as a nutritious raw material for incorporation into food product formulations or as a food in its own right. Typical applications are in germ-enriched bread, snack foods, and supplements to breakfast cereals, and for production of wheat-germ oil. Wheat germ oil, containing about 8% - 14% oil (average 10%), is mainly used in food, medical and cosmetic industries as a source of oil," as stated in a research paper done by Faculty of Agriculture of Fayoum University, Egypt. Here are a few benefits of wheat germ oil 1. A Rich Source of AntioxidantsWheat germ oil is a great source of Vitamin E, which is said to be a powerful antioxidant. "It helps fight against free radical damage. Coming from the centre of the wheat kernel, wheat germ oil is known for at least 23 odd nutrients, including Vitamins A, B, D and E," says Shonali Sabherwal, a Macrobiotic Nutritionist, Chef and Instructor based in Mumbai. These vitamins all contribute to various functions of the body, particularly skin health. "Vitamin E travels throughout the body neutralising free radicals which would otherwise damage fat-containing structures like cell membranes and brain cells," says Dr. Manoj K. Ahuja, Fortis Hospital. It also helps prevent oxidative stress. 2. A Great Face Cleanser "Wheat germ oil is a natural oil which helps in cleansing the face efficiently. It helps seal moisture back and also gets rid of excess sebum, which could lead to other skin problems like acne, pimples, etc. It does not clog pores as it is non-comedogenic,"says Shilpa Arora, a Health Practitioner, Nutritionist and certified Macrobiotic Health Coach based in New Delhi. A few drops of the oil can be used on your skin or added to your face packs or masks. You can also take a few drops and message gently onto your face and let it rest. Those with oily skin condition must get in touch with a skin care expert before applying the oil. 3. Lowers Cholesterol "It is rich in Octacosanol, which is a long chain fatty acid with alcohol that promotes and aids physical performance, including strength and stamina. Research also shows Octacosanol's ability to affect fat metabolism, decreases cholesterol production (helps to bring down LDL) and prevents hardening of arteries, which could account for the cardiovascular benefits," says Dr. Anju Sood, a renowned Nutritionist based in Bangalore. She further adds, "Wheat germ oil contains the goodness of omega-3 fatty acids, which help in regulating the nervous system systematically." cholesterol 4. Treats Skin Scars Because of its high Vitamin E content, wheat germ oil helps in building collagen, the most abundantly found protein in the body that provides the skin its strength and structure. "The oil repairs, heals and prevents scarring. In fact regular application on scars can completely banish them. Make sure the oil is 100% organic and cold pressed else it will lose most of its nutrients," says Shilpa. "Vitamin A, D and fatty acids present in wheat germ oil help with cracked, scarred skin, giving it an even tone. It also provides natural hydration to the skin," adds Shonali. 5. Acts as a Hair Nourisher Wheat germ oil is a useful ingredient for maintaining healthy hair. "It is rich in linoleic acid and acts as a hair nourisher. Use it in the ratio 10:1 with other carrier oils such as olive and sesame (10 parts carrier oil and 1 part wheat germ oil) and apply on the scalp. Leave it on for some time before rinsing the hair," says Dr Ashutosh Gautam, Clinical Operations and Coordination Manager at Baidyanath. Promoted Listen to the latest songs, only on JioSaavn.com 6. Has Anti-Ageing Properties Being a great source of vitamins - B6, Folic acid and E, wheat germ oil is said to act as an anti-ageing agent for the skin. "Vitamin E is a strong anti-oxidant and it promotes healthy skin as it prevents many skin problems like psoriasis, eczema and dry skin. Vitamin B, on the other hand, helps in repairing tissue damage and promotes tissue growth," adds Dr. Sood. Note: If using wheat germ oil for consumption, it is advisable to do so in little quantities. You can use it to drizzle on to salads or in pastas, but it shouldn't be used for deep-frying. Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel, which makes up only 2.5% by weight of the kernel [1] Wheat germ oil is particularly high in octacosanol - a 28-carbon long-chain saturated primary alcohol found in a number of different vegetable waxes.[2] Octacosanol has been studied as an exercise- and physical performance-enhancing agent. Very long chain fatty alcohols obtained from plant waxes and beeswax have been reported to lower plasma cholesterol in humans.[3] Wheat germ oil is also very high in vitamin E (255 mg/100g), and has the highest content of vitamin E of any food that has not undergone prior preparation or vitamin fortification.[4] As a cooking oil, wheat germ oil is strongly flavored, expensive and easily perishable.[1] Wheat germ oil contains the following fatty acids:[5][6] Other uses of wheat germ oil have also been explored, including increasing blood flow and reaction time.[7] Further uses include treatment of certain skin conditions such as scarring and inflammation.[8] Experience the power of the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea regions in the first truly nutrient-rich skincare fixed oils for women and men alike. Wheat Germ Oil is a highly valuable oil which is difficult to obtain. It is rich in essential fatty acids and Vitamin E. All non-GMO seeds are cultivated naturally, while using gentle, chemical-free, clean cold press methods to ensure pure oils preserve and retain all nutrients, so we can pass them on to you! Description Wheat Germ Oil is a concentrated source of several essential nutrients including Vitamin E, folate (folic acid), phosphor, thiamin, zinc, and magnesium, as well as essential fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Supports the cell membranes of all tissues in the human body, especially those in the nervous system.* Supports the proper function of the cardiovascular system.* Helps protect material in the cell nucleus from free radicals.* Produced from wheat germ oil. Manufactured on equipment that was used to make products containing nuts. Wheat germ oil does not contain gluten. Should not be used in people who are allergic to any of the ingredients. What is wheat germ oil and where can I find it? Wheat germ oil is part of a wheat kernel and is responsible for helping the plant reproduce and spawn new wheat. Although it’s removed from most processed wheat products, it is a major nutritional component of whole grain wheat. Wheat germ oil, along with the husk, is removed from refined wheat products — like those that use white flour — so that they can be stored for longer. Wheat germ oil is added to some granolas, cereals, and cornbread, and it’s also available raw. It is a popular topping for fruit pies, yogurt, ice cream, and hot or cold cereal. It can be a healthier alternative to breadcrumbs in meatballs, meatloaf, and breading for meats. Wheat germ oil is also available in liquid and gelcap form. It can be used as a food additive or as a nutritional supplement. Weight management options have evolved Take our quiz to learn more about techniques and tips that will help you achieve your goals. What can wheat germ oil do for me? Wheat germ oil has excellent nutritional value as a food supplement, experts say. It’s a great source of vegetable proteins, along with fiber and healthy fats. It’s also a good source of magnesium, zinc, thiamin, folate, potassium, and phosphorus. Wheat germ oil is high in vitamin E, an essential nutrient with antioxidant properties. Antioxidants are believed to decrease free radicals in the body, and research suggestsTrusted Source natural sources of antioxidants are best for preventing disease. Some suggest that wheat germ oil can aid in boosting your immunity and help to keep your heart and cardiovascular system healthy. Research suggests that whole grains can reduce the risk of heart disease and help you maintain a healthy weight. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), there’s enough evidence to suggest that wheat germ oil can help control cholesterol levels. They say, however, that there isn’t enough evidence to back up some other claims, such as suggestions that it can protect the skin against premature aging, help blood pressure, aid in brain function, or aid in digestion. Wheat germ oil and flaxseed have both been used to maintain heart health in menopausal women. Some research suggests that wheat germ oil can also help treat menopausal symptoms, but the research is not conclusive. Avemar, a fermented wheat germ oil extract, is being explored as a treatment for cancer and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Are there any side effects? People who are gluten intolerant or have gluten allergies should avoid wheat germ oil supplements, as it contains gluten. People who are on a low-carb diet should be mindful of their portion of wheat germ oil, as one cup contains nearly 60 grams of carbohydrates. Wheat germ oil is rich in triglyceridesTrusted Source, a type of fat. People with heart disease, as well as people at a high risk of heart disease, should monitor their intake, as high triglycerides levels are linked with adverse health effects. Wheat germ oil extract can cause mild side effects in some people. These include diarrhea, nausea, gas, and dizziness. You should talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of adding forms of wheat germ oil into your diet. Wheat germ oil sounds like a healthy product that you should keep in your kitchen. But many consumers keep it in the bathroom. What is wheat germ oil used for? According to many sources, the oil provides beauty benefits.1 Fans of the products use wheat germ oil for hair and skin health. But you can also use it in the kitchen if you choose. Nutrition Facts The following nutrition information is provided by the USDA for one tablespoon of wheat germ oil. Carbs in Wheat Germ Oil There are no carbohydrates in wheat germ oil. That means there is no starch, no fiber, and no sugar (added or naturally occurring) in this product. Wheat germ oil has a glycemic index (GI) of zero, and if consumed, a single serving of the product also has a glycemic load of zero. That means that the food has no effect on your blood sugar levels. As a reference, foods with a GI of 55 or below are considered low glycemic foods. Fats in Wheat Germ Oil The fat in wheat germ oil is what makes this product popular among healthy eaters and beauty buffs. Wheat germ oil provides polyunsaturated fat, considered to be a "good" fat. Polyunsaturated fat is liquid at room temperature and may boost heart health when you use it to replace less healthy fat (like saturated fat) in your diet. There are two different kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and wheat germ oil contains both of them. According to USDA data, you'll get 85 percent (just under 1 gram) of your daily recommended intake of α-linolenic acid (ALA) omega-3 fatty acids. And you'll get 62 percent (7 grams) of your recommended daily intake of linoleic acid or omega-6 fatty acids. You'll also get 2 grams of healthy monounsaturated fat in a single serving of wheat germ oil. You'll also get nearly 3 grams or 12 percent of your recommended daily intake of saturated fat, a fat that is considered to be less healthy. Protein in Wheat Germ Oil There is no protein in wheat germ oil. However, some healthy eaters may use wheat germ oil in marinades, in protein smoothies, or in yogurt to take advantage of the healthy fat that it provides. Micronutrients in Wheat Germ Oil If you consume a single serving of wheat germ oil you'll get 135 percent of your recommended daily intake of vitamin E. This vitamin is an antioxidant that may help neutralize potentially harmful free radicals in the body and provide protective benefits against certain diseases, like prostate cancer or Alzheimer's disease. However, research has provided mixed results, so health experts don't know for sure if consuming more vitamin E is beneficial.2 A single serving also provides a very small amount (4 percent of your recommended daily intake) of vitamin K, a vitamin that is essential for blood clotting purposes in the body. Health Benefits The health benefits of wheat germ oil come primarily from the healthy fat that it provides. However, it is important to remember that all fat—even healthy fat—is energy dense. That means it provides more calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein. While carbs and protein provide just four calories per gram, fat provides nine. So it is important to consume all fats in moderation if your goal is to reach or maintain a healthy weight. Hair and Skin Benefits Beauty buffs also use wheat germ oil to combat hair loss, dandruff, dry skin, wrinkles, lice, and premature aging. To gain the benefits of this oil on the skin and hair, consumers use the product topically. That means, they massage it into the scalp or mix it into conditioners or shampoo to apply to the hair. Unfortunately, however, there is not strong support from the scientific community about the use of wheat germ oil for hair or skin. According to one research review, "After so many years of research on vitamin E, it is still unclear as to whether millions of dollars worth of vitamin E products paid for by patients and consumers have been of any benefit."3 Common Questions What should I look for when purchasing wheat germ oil? Look for a product that has not been bleached or hydrogenated. This may not be an oil that you use very often so look for a smaller container unless you plan to use it often. How should I store wheat germ oil? Store the oil in an air-tight container in your pantry or in another cool dark place. The recommended temperature is 20-25°C or no more than 77 °F. Can I cook with wheat germ oil? Cooking or heating wheat germ oil causes it to lose its nutritional benefits. So frying with wheat germ oil is not recommended. However, you can use the oil in salad dressings, drizzle it on vegetables, pasta, or other dishes for a boost of flavor and omega-3 fatty acids. Recipes and Preparation Tips Because you won't want to cook with wheat germ oil, the uses of the product are somewhat limited. However, some people prefer to use wheat germ oil in salad dressings instead of olive oil. You can also use it as a substitute for other oils when making marinades for fish or meat. If you roast vegetables, you can drizzle wheat germ oil on your veggies after they are done cooking. And some die-hard fans of the oil even add it to smoothies. If you use wheat germ oil for beauty, simply blend a small amount into the skin or hair. Some consumers also blend the oil with other ingredients such as aloe vera or almond oil. Allergies and Interactions According to the Therapeutic Research Center's Natural Medicine's database, you may experience side effects when using wheat germ oil. The source reports that if you consume wheat germ oil in supplement form (orally) the product is usually well tolerated. However, topical use of vitamin E has been associated with contact dermatitis, inflammatory reactions, and other skin reactions. Also, if you are allergic to wheat, you should avoid wheat germ oil. According to the Food Allergy Research and Education Center, symptoms of a wheat allergy reaction can range from mild, such as hives, to severe, such as anaphylaxis. Allergic reactions can be unpredictable, and even very small amounts of wheat can cause one. It is the oil which has been extracted from the germ of wheat kernel. This oil is refined which possess high content of Vitamin E which acts as an antioxidant. It is rich in octacosanol which helps to enhance the physical performance and promotes the muscular energy. It is useful for rejuvenating, moisturizing and protecting mature and drying skin. This cooking oil is easily perishable and expensive. It is loaded with anti-aging and antioxidant properties that helps to prevent the health problems like cardiovascular disease, cancer etc. It also slows down the signs of aging such as wrinkles, fine lines and premature aging signs. Other common names for Wheat germ oil are Wheat oil, Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum. The color of this oil ranges from dark yellow to brown. It possess a heavy odor with nutty aroma. History Wheat plant is inherent to United States but now cultivated in China, North Africa, Southwest Asia, Turkey, Iran, Arabian Peninsula and South Europe. Wheat is one of the ancient grain crops which are known to the human beings. Firstly it was used for making brad since 4000 years ago when the wheat cultivation took place in Nile valley. It was spread across Asia by 4500 and then reached China. In 2000 BC, the wheat cultivation was started by English after it became substantial diet to Chinese and Egyptian civilizations. Nutritional value One cup of 218 grams of Wheat germ oil provides 1927 calories, 325.69 mg of Vitamin E, 218 g of Total lipid fat, 53.8 µg of Vitamin K and 43.6 mg of Choline. The same serving size also provides 40.984 g of total saturated fats, 0.218 g of myristic acid, 36.188 g of palmitic acid, 1.09 g of stearic acid, 32.918 g of total monounsaturated fats, 1.09 g of palmitoleic acid, 31.828 g of oleic acid, 134.506 g of total polyunsaturated fats, 119.464 g of linoleic acid, 15.042 g of linolenic acid and 1206 mg of phytosterols. Health Benefits of Wheat germ oil Wheat germ oil is an excellent source of Vitamin B complex, Vitamin B6, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and other nutrients. It has high content of nutritional value in comparison to other grains and vegetables. It is composed of about 25% of total nutrients and is loaded with numerous health benefits. This oil has omega-6 acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, lecithin, squalene and stearic fatty acids. It also possesses lecithin, protein, minerals and essential fatty acids. Due to the richness in minerals and vitamins, it keeps the body healthy from inside. Prevent health ailments Being a great source of Vitamin E, it helps to prevent hair fall, improper metabolic functions and cancer. The intake of Vitamin E or Wheat germ oil helps to avoid these problems. Heart health This oil is very helpful for maintaining heart health. It has good amount of Vitamin B complex that helps to normalize the flow of blood in the body. It has Omega-3 fatty acids that is helpful for maintaining heart health by lowering the cholesterol problems and normalizing the blood pressure. Repairs damage About 28% of protein is available in the wheat germ oil. It provides nutrients to the cells and repairs cell damage. It also assist in transporting vitamins, minerals and nutrients to the cells. Prevents aging process It consists of linoleic acid, phospholipids and Vitamin E that helps to maintain skin health. The application of wheat germ oil helps to prevent wrinkles and other signs of aging. It is a great source of antioxidants that prevents the damage caused by free radicals. Hair health The addition of Vitamin E to the diet helps to get healthy hair. The deficiency of Vitamin E in the body results in dry, rough and weak heair. Wheat germ oil is an excellent source of Vitamin E that helps to enhance the growth of hair and provides a healthy hair. It could be used in the form of capsules, oil or flakes. Provides energy Wheat germ oil has octacosanol which is a long chain, saturated and primary alcohol that helps to promote the muscular energy. It provides oxygen as well as energy while performing exercise so it is useful for sportspersons. Uplifts mood This oil helps to uplift mood due to the presence of Omega-3 fatty acids by regulating the nervous system. It has Vitamin B complex which helps to lower stress. Prevent miscarriage Wheat germ oil helps to prevent the birth defects such as miscarriage and impotence. So it is advised to take wheat germ oil during pregnancy. It also provides healthy red blood cells. Skin ailments Wheat germ oil prevents the skin conditions such as dry skin, eczema and psoriasis. The topical application of this oil helps to repair the skin. Wheat germ oil is used in the production of shampoos, soaps, anti-aging products, moisturizing creams, sunscreen lotions, fairness creams, foot creams and scar treatment products. Due to its moisturizing property, it is used in skin care products. It is combined with other carrier oils in aromatherapy to massage the skin. Wheat germ oil facts Wheat germ oil has been extracted from the germ of wheat kernel. The unrefined oil has high content of essential fatty acids, Vitamin E, regenerative and antioxidant properties. It is sticky, viscous oil having a rich and wheaty odor. Richness in Vitamin E, it possesses regenerative and an antioxidant property that benefits ageing skin and also counteracts free radicals. It has nourishing properties that treats dry skin and assist in forming new skin cells, heals scars and improves circulation. It is highly used as cooking oil which is easily perishable as well as expensive. Unrefined oil has strong aroma and thick consistency. Name Wheat germ oil Wheat germ oil is added in shampoos, soaps, anti-aging products, moisturizing creams, sunscreen lotions, fairness creams etc. It is combined with other carrier oils in aromatherapy. Wheat germ oil is a beneficial oil with a thousand and one virtues. It repairs and soothes injured fears and helps fight against skin aging. Wheat germ oil is the oil that contains the most Vitamin E. Represented by the amount of tocopherols, this vitamin is a powerful "antioxidant". Indeed, it helps fight against free radicals developed during external aggression (pollution, sun exposure, tobacco, etc.). Clearly, the skin is protected, it regains its radiance and youth. In our busy lives, we look for comprehensive solutions that can help us cope with multiple problems. One such very useful solution is wheat germ oil, which is extracted from the kernel of wheat grains. Wheat germ oil is a rich source of vitamin B6 and folic acid of the Vitamin B complex, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus and many other essential nutrients, and is a healthy addition to your diet. Wheat germ oil has a high nutritional value when compared to the other vegetables or grains. It constitutes almost 25% of the total nutrients of the wheat grain and hence is a pack of many health benefits. If you are wondering how it can help you, read on! Benefits Of Wheat Germ Oil: Given below are the top 10 wheat germ oil benefits which will tempt you to start including it in your diet. Wheat germ oil has antioxidant and anti-aging properties, which help in preventing many diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc. It also helps in reducing the signs of aging like fine lines and wrinkles, and also reduces premature aging signs. It preserves the texture of your skin and hair, and even protects your skin from damage. 2. Reduced Bad Cholesterol It lowers the bad cholesterol levels to a great extent and increases the blood circulation which, in turn, helps in keeping your heart healthy. The increased blood circulation also helps in making the skin and hair healthy. 3. Repairs Tissues Wheat germ oil contains vitamin B, which helps in repairing tissue damage and in tissue growth. It also helps minerals, vitamins and nutrients reach our cells. 4. Boosts Energy Wheat germ oil is high in a long chain, saturated, primary alcohol called octacosanol that improves the muscular energy. Thus, wheat germ oil is highly recommended for sportspersons. It gives energy and oxygen during exercise and makes you energetic too. [ Read: Benefits Of Wheatgrass Juice ] 5. Regulates Nervous System Wheat germ oil is also beneficial in lifting the mood as it contains the goodness of omega-3 fatty acids, which help in regulating the nervous system systematically. It makes you energetic and also reduces the stress to a great extent as it contains vitamin-B complex. 6. Prevents Birth Defects It also prevents many types of birth defects like impotence and miscarriages. It is high in vitamin E. Wheat germ oil is advisable even for pregnant women as it has many benefits and it also prevents birth defects. It also allows healthy red blood cells. 7. Prevents Skin Problems Wheat germ oil helps in providing you with a healthy skin as it prevents many skin problems like psoriasis, eczema, and dry skin. You can apply it topically – it will soothe and repair your skin. It contains vitamin E oil, which is considered to be very good for the skin. 8. Fights Fat Accumulation Wheat germ oil is a fat-fighter and, when used regularly, it helps in reducing the extra fat from the body. It can be part of any weight loss program as it gives you noticeable effects. [ Read: Amazing Benefits Of Almond Oil ] 9. Promotes Blood Sugar Level Wheat germ oil is rich in magnesium. Thus, when used regularly, it helps in promoting healthy blood sugar control, which is especially beneficial for diabetic patients. It helps in keeping the sugar levels under control and thus, controls diabetes to a great extent. 10. Improves Overall Health The regular consumption of wheat germ oil gives you a healthy, long and disease-free life. It prevents many diseases, reduces your stress, and makes you energetic. So, if you want to lead a healthy life, then do include three cups of wheat in your daily diet. Add wheat germ oil to your diet to get all the benefits mentioned above. You can also add it in the following ways: By baking in cookies, breads, waffles, etc. By sprinkling it over ice creams, soups, yogurt, salads, or cereals. Have you tried wheat germ oil ever?? If so, what do you use it for and how has it served you? And, if you’ve tried any of the above, let me know what your experience has been! Here’s Why You Should Use Wheat Germ Oil For Skin Ever tried using wheat germ oil for skin? It may not win a popularity contest among the carrier oils, but it’s worth a try! WHY USE WHEAT GERM OIL FOR SKIN? Wheat germ oil has very high levels of Vitamin E and you know how good that is for your skin! Actually, among all the vegetable oils, wheat germ oil has the highest Vitamin E content. Besides the vitamin, the oil contains fatty acids like linoleic (omega-6), palmitic, and oleic (omega-9) acids. Plus it has vitamins A and D and minerals. That combo is the reason why you should use the oil for skin… they can work magic on dry skin crying out for help… like my cracked heels right now. WHEAT GERM OIL BENEFITS 1. IT IS A GREAT MOISTURIZER Wheat germ oil locks in moisture so it prevents dryness and eases itchy, flaky skin. That makes the oil perfect for elbows, knees and heels. The oil is also great for hair too… Use it to moisturize your hair follicles. 2. VITAMIN E DOES WONDERS Is Vitamin E serum already in your skin care routine? It’s in mine! The vitamin is antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and definitely calms red, angry skin. Actually, take a look at this study from Iran. It found natural remedies like wheat germ oil, flaxseed oil, black seed oil, and violet oil can ease psoriasis symptoms. So, use wheat germ oil to calm psoriasis spots and other inflammatory skin conditions (patch test first though!). 3. IT HELPS WITH BLOOD CIRCULATION I don’t know how. The scientists aren’t so sure either. But they’ve found that massaging wheat germ oil on your skin improves circulation. Maybe it’s because there’s more blood flow to the skin so more oxygen gets in there. Needless to say, the oil leaves your skin looking radiant. Add a little lavender oil too for a great smelling massage blend. Get wheat germ oil: And pin this: Benefits of Wheat Germ Oil for Skin Here’s Why You Should Use Wheat Germ Oil for Skin | #wheatgermoil #carrieroil SKIP THE OIL IF YOU HAVE ACNE There’s this scale for rating vegetable oils that cause acne. It’s called a comedogenic rating. Wheat germ oil has the highest rating – meaning it is likely to cause acne. So, if you have acne prone skin, skip using wheat germ oil. Also, if you have Celiac disease, you should avoid the oil too. Wheat germ oil has gluten in it. I don’t think the oil has gluten, but it’s better to be safe and avoid it if you have gluten allergies. Or patch test to make sure you aren’t reacting to the oil. If you are not acne-prone or sensitive, wheat germ oil will be a great oily friend to your skin… especially during winter! Have you ever used the oil before? I’d love to hear your thoughts! Wheat Germ Oil: But did you know that the ubiquitous cereal grain in pretty much every single Indian kitchen – wheat – also produces an oleaginous residue? Buy Our Top-Selling Wheat Germ Oil Skincare Products And Health Supplements Today, For The Optimal Well-Being Of You And Your Family! Yes, besides being used as atta – the whole wheat flour - to make soft rotis, parathas and bread, as well as maida – the refined powder – to roll fluffy pooris, bhaturas and bake light, moist cakes, the humble grass, in addition, offers wheat germ oil. So What Exactly Is Wheat Germ Oil? Wheat germ oil is essentially the embryo of the seeds, from which the whole crop sprouts. Unlike the refined grain which loses its original nutrient value, the germ portion contains vast reserves of healthful compounds, which are retained in the oil, that is obtained by pressing and extraction processes of the kernels. wheat germ oil benefits for enhanced health Wheat Germ Oil Nutrition Facts: A wonderful gift from Mother Nature, wheat germ oil is a treasure trove of nutritional elements. It comprises significant amounts of healthy fats, plant proteins and fibers, apart from being inherently rich in vitamins E, A, D, K and minerals like potassium, zinc and iron. Moreover, wheat germ oil abounds in potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory constituents. Wheat Germ Oil Health Benefits: Lowers LDL Cholesterol Wheat germ oil houses massive quantities of omega 3 fatty acids, which regulate metabolism and lipid breakdown, absorption in the body. This helps to elevate the good HDL cholesterol, while bringing down the bad LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream, thereby minimizing the risk of heart attacks and other associated ailments. It also stimulates cardiac muscle workings and blood circulation in the system. Boosts Energy Capacity The goodness of octacosanol – a long-chain fatty acid with an alcoholic end segment, in wheat germ oil assists in building strength in core muscles, aside from tremendously increasing stamina and resilience. Taking wheat germ oil supplements once a day an hour before a workout immensely bolsters performance in physical activities. Keep in mind to consult with a nutritionist or doctor before consuming nutritive capsules. Slows Down Ageing Wheat germ oil is indeed an elixir for skin wellness. Packed with advantageous antioxidants, apart from the trace mineral zinc, it effectively treats dryness, acne, dark spots, scars and is a superb organic remedy for eczema. Just a few drops of this miraculous tincture is enough, to decrease free radical damage to skin cells, thus diminishing signs of ageing like wrinkles, fine lines and giving a youthful, unblemished appearance. Prevents Hair Fall Infused with ample volumes of vitamin E, along with myriad antimicrobial agents, wheat germ oil is a blessing for a host of hair-related woes. These wholesome components transport vital nutrients to hair roots or follicles, to increase growth, thickness of locks, apart from efficiently getting rid of da

White Oil 70#; PARAFFIN OIL, WHITE; PARAFFIN OIL; MINERAL OIL, WHITE; MINERAL OIL; slaboil(obs.); white; whitemineraloil(petroleum) cas no: 8042-47-5

Wingtack® EXTRA; Wingtack® EXTRA Flake; Wingtack® EXTRA Pastille; Wingtack® EXTRA Molten; WT EXTRA cas no: 62258-49-5

coating integrendt; coated precipitated calcium carbonate ; calcium carbonate cas no: 471-34-1

Corn sugar gum; Xanthan; Gum xanthan; Polysaccharide gum; thickener food grade xanthan gum; Petrochemical Xanthan Gum; Tarazine; RHODOPOL 23; XANTHAN; XANTHAN GUM; XANTEMPO™ xanthangumfromxanthomonascampestris CAS NO:11138-66-2

Альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия, известный как Витконат АОС-12, представляет собой универсальное поверхностно-активное вещество, широко используемое в различных отраслях промышленности.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль получают из альфа-олефинов и сульфируют для получения высокоэффективного чистящего средства.

Номер CAS: 68439-57-6
Номер ЕС: 270-407-8

Синонимы: ��льфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, AOS, натрий AOS, AOS-12, витконат AOS, витконат AOS-12, альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия, альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия, олефинсульфонат натрия C12-16, AOS-40, AOS- 30, олефинсульфонат натрия C14-16, олефинсульфонат натрия C14-17, алкенсульфонат натрия, олефинсульфонат натрия C14-15, альфа-сульфоалканы, натриевая соль, альфа-сульфоалканы, C14-16-олефин-сульфонат, натриевая соль, олефин Сульфонат, натриевая соль, витконат AOS-30, витконат AOS-40, AOS-23, олефинсульфонат натрия C14-15, альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, жидкость, олефинсульфонат натрия, витконат AOS-23 , Альфа-олефинсульфонат, AOS-12 (натриевая соль), альфа-олефинсульфонат, жидкость, натриевая соль, витконат AOS-60, AOS-18, AOS-25, альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия, Witconate AOS-25, AOS-15, Сульфонат альфа-олефинов натрия, Сульфонат олефинов C14-C16, Альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, Альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, жидкость, альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, раствор, альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, 35 % раствор, олефинсульфонат натрия C12-C14, олефинсульфонат натрия C14-C16, олефинсульфонат натрия C14-C17, альфа-олефинсульфонат, 35% раствор, натриевая соль, альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, 40% раствор, альфа-натрия Сульфонат олефина, 40% раствор, натриевая соль, альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль, 25% раствор, олефинсульфонат натрия C12-C15, олефинсульфонат натрия C14-C15, олефинсульфонат натрия C14-C17, альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия, 40% Раствор, натриевая соль, витконат АОС-15, витконат АОС-18, витконат АОС-25, витконат АОС-35, витконат АОС-40, витконат АОС-60.



ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ


Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль обычно используется в рецептурах шампуней для обеспечения эффективных очищающих и пенообразующих свойств.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль является ключевым ингредиентом средств для мытья тела и гелей для душа, способствуя их способности удалять грязь и жир с кожи.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в жидком мыле для рук благодаря своему мягкому, но эффективному очищающему действию.

В средствах для мытья посуды Witconate AOS-12 помогает удалять жир и остатки пищи, оставляя посуду чистой и блестящей.
Стиральные порошки часто содержат это поверхностно-активное вещество для удаления пятен и грязи с тканей во время стирки.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль добавляется в средства для чистки твердых поверхностей, чтобы помочь удалить стойкие пятна и грязь со столешниц, полов и других поверхностей.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в автомобильных чистящих средствах, включая мыло для автомойки, для эффективной очистки кузова автомобиля.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль является распространенным ингредиентом в шампунях и средствах для ухода за домашними животными благодаря своим мягким и очищающим свойствам.

Witconate AOS-12 используется в составе промышленных чистящих средств для обезжиривания и общей очистки.
В сельском хозяйстве он используется в составах пестицидов для улучшения распространения и смачивания поверхности растений.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль содержится в освежителях воздуха и освежителях для тканей, помогая удалять запахи и освежать.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в средствах для чистки ковров и обивки для удаления грязи и пятен с волокон, не повреждая материал.

Witconate AOS-12 добавляется в пенящиеся средства для ванн, такие как пенные ванны и бомбочки для ванн, для создания роскошных и пенящихся ощущений.
В средствах личной гигиены, таких как очищающие средства для лица и средства для снятия макияжа, он помогает эффективно очищать кожу, не удаляя при этом натуральные масла.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12 и натриевая соль добавляются в кремы и гели для бритья, обеспечивая смазку и пену для гладкого бритья.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в дезинфицирующих средствах для рук и антибактериальном мыле из-за его способности образовывать пену и способствовать очищению.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12 и натриевая соль добавляются в средства для укладки волос, такие как муссы и гели, для улучшения текстуры и обеспечения фиксации.

При обработке текстиля он используется в качестве смачивающего агента, способствующего проникновению красителей и химикатов в ткани.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в рецептурах пенящихся моющих средств для использования в пищевой промышленности.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль добавляется в промышленные обезжиривающие и чистящие средства для очистки оборудования и механизмов на производственных предприятиях.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в составе бытовых и промышленных средств для мытья полов для удаления грязи и пятен с полов.

В составах шампуней для ковров он помогает отделить грязь и мусор от волокон ковра и облегчить их удаление.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в очистителях лодок и морских судов для удаления остатков соли и другого мусора с поверхностей.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль содержится в средствах для чистки и кондиционерах для кожи и помогает очищать и увлажнять кожаные поверхности.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 имеет широкий спектр применения в различных отраслях промышленности, способствуя повышению эффективности и производительности многочисленных чистящих средств и средств личной гигиены.

В косметической промышленности Witconate AOS-12 используется в средствах для очищения лица, средствах для снятия макияжа и отшелушивающих скрабах для эффективного очищения и освежения кожи.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль добавляется в соли для ванн и бомбочки для ванн для усиления пенообразования и создания роскошных ощущений от купания.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в средствах для чистки и дезинфицирующих средствах для рук благодаря своей способности образовывать обильную пену и эффективно очищать руки.
В фармацевтической промышленности его используют в составе лечебных шампуней и средств для мытья тела для лечения различных кожных заболеваний.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль включается в средства по уходу за ногами, такие как скрабы для ног и кремы, для очищения и смягчения кожи.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль добавляется в составы для полоскания рта, чтобы помочь удалить бактерии и зубной налет изо рта.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется при производстве жидкого мыла и средств для мытья рук в институциональных и коммерческих условиях.
В индустрии гостеприимства его можно найти в гостиничных принадлежностях, таких как шампуни, кондиционеры и средства для мытья тела.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в составе продуктов по уходу за детьми, таких как детские шампуни и средства для мытья тела, для бережного очищения.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в производстве средств по уходу за домашними животными, таких как шампуни для домашних животных и спреи для ухода за домашними животными, для поддержания гигиены домашних животных.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12 и натриевая соль добавляются в очищающие салфетки для лица и салфетки для снятия макияжа для удобного и эффективного снятия макияжа.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в составе средств для лечения прыщей, таких как очищающие средства для лица и точечные средства, благодаря их очищающим и антибактериальным свойствам.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль содержится в средствах по уходу за солнцем, таких как солнцезащитные кремы и лосьоны после загара, благодаря своим эмульгирующим и увлажняющим свойствам.
В автомобильной промышленности он используется в моющих и обезжиривающих средствах для мойки автомобилей для очистки кузова и двигателей автомобилей.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в составе промышленных чистящих и обезжиривающих средств для рук для удаления тяжелых загрязнений и жира.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль добавляется в средства для очистки и полировки металла для удаления потускнения и восстановления блеска металлических поверхностей.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в производстве бытовых дезинфицирующих средств и дезинфицирующих средств для очистки и дезинфекции поверхностей.

В сельском хозяйстве он используется при разработке сельскохозяйственных вспомогательных средств для повышения эффективности пестицидов и гербицидов.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль содержится в спреях для освежителей воздуха и дезодораторах для помещений для нейтрализации запахов и освежения воздуха.

А��ьфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12 и натриевая соль добавляются в бытовые чистящие салфетки и одноразовые чистящие салфетки для удобной и эффективной очистки на ходу.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в производстве промышленных обезжиривающих салфеток и промышленных чистящих салфеток для тяжелых условий эксплуатации.

В строительной отрасли он используется в составе средств для очистки бетона и каменной кладки для удаления грязи и пятен с поверхностей.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль добавляется в средства для удаления ржавчины и ингибиторы коррозии для защиты металлических поверхностей от ржавчины и коррозии.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль используется в рецептурах растворов для чистки электронных устройств и средств для очистки контактов для удаления пыли и мусора с электронных компонентов.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 находит разнообразное применение в различных отраслях промышленности, способствуя повышению эффективности и производительности широкого спектра чистящих средств и средств личной гигиены.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия, известный как Витконат АОС-12, представляет собой универсальное поверхностно-активное вещество, широко используемое в различных отраслях промышленности.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль получают из альфа-олефинов и сульфируют для получения высокоэффективного чистящего средства.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль доступна в различных формах, включая жидкости и порошки.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 демонстрирует превосходные пенообразующие свойства, что делает его идеальным для применений, где желательна стабильность пены.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль обычно используется в средствах личной гигиены, таких как шампуни, средства для мытья тела и жидкое мыло.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль обеспечивает мягкое очищение и образование обильной и роскошной пены.
В бытовых чистящих средствах он используется в жидкостях для мытья посуды, стиральных порошках и средствах для чистки твердых поверхностей.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 эффективно удаляет грязь, жир и пятна с различных поверхностей.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль является биоразлагаемым, что делает его экологически чистым по сравнению с некоторыми другими поверхностно-активными веществами.
Witconate AOS-12 Альфа-олефинсульфонат, натриевая соль хорошо работает как в жесткой, так и в мягкой воде, не теряя при этом эффективности.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль совместима с широким диапазоном уровней pH, что повышает ее универсальность в рецептуре.
Его мягкость делает его пригодным для использования в средствах личной гигиены даже для чувствительной кожи.
В промышленности Witconate AOS-12 используется в продуктах для автомойки и нефтепромысловых химикатах.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль помогает удалить стойкие пятна и обеспечивает превосходные очищающие свойства.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 стабилен при нормальных условиях хранения, но его следует защищать от экстремальных температур и влаги.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 прост в обращении и легко включается в рецептуры.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль, имеет анионную природу, то есть несет отрицательный заряд, что повышает ее способность удалять грязь и жир с поверхностей.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль часто используется в сочетании с другими поверхностно-активными веществами и ингредиентами для оптимизации производительности.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль совместим с большинством других часто используемых ингредиентов в составах для чистки и личной гигиены.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 подвергается строгим мерам контроля качества для обеспечения единообразия и чистоты.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат Witconate AOS-12, натриевая соль производится с использованием передовых производственных процессов и соответствует самым высоким отраслевым стандартам.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 упаковывается и маркируется в соответствии с нормативными требованиями для обеспечения безопасного обращения и использования.

Альфа-олефинсульфонат натриевой соли Witconate AOS-12 широко доступен у различных поставщиков и дистрибьюторов по всему миру.
Его универсальность, эффективность и мягкость делают его предпочтительным выбором для разработчиков рецептур в различных отраслях.
Альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия, Witconate AOS-12, продолжает оставаться важным ингредиентом во многих продуктах бытовой химии, личной гигиены и промышленных продуктах, способствуя их очищающей эффективности и удовлетворению потребителей.



ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ


Внешний вид: прозрачная или слегка желтоватая жидкость или белый порошок.
Запах: Легкий характерный запах.
Точка плавления: Обычно не имеет определенной точки плавления, поскольку существует в виде жидкости или порошка.
Точка кипения: Разлагается до кипения; температура разложения зависит от конкретного состава и чистоты.
Плотность: Зависит от концентрации и состава; обычно составляет от 1,0 до 1,2 г/см³ для жидкостей.
Растворимость в воде: Растворим в воде, образуя прозрачный или слегка мутный раствор.
Растворимость в других растворителях: Нерастворим в неполярных растворителях, таких как углеводороды, но растворим в полярных органических растворителях.
pH: Обычно щелочной; В водных растворах pH колеблется от 7 до 10 в зависимости от концентрации.
Температура вспышки: Неприменимо для водных растворов; могут иметь температуру вспышки для концентрированных растворов в органических растворителях.
Вязкость: Зависит от концентрации и температуры; обычно низкая вязкость для водных растворов.
Химические свойства:
Химическая формула: Обычно представлена как R-CH=CH-(CH2)n-SO3Na, где R представляет собой алкильную группу, а n представляет собой количество атомов углерода в цепи.
Молекулярный вес: варьируется в зависимости от конкретной длины алкильной цепи и степени сульфирования.
Функциональные группы: Содержит сульфонатную группу (SO3), присоединенную к олефиновой углеродной цепи.
Ионизация: Анионное поверхностно-активное вещество; диссоциирует в воде с образованием ионов натрия (Na+) и сульфонат-ионов (SO3-) в растворе.



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


1. Вдох:

Симптомы:
Вдыхание аэрозольных или испаренных частиц может вызвать раздражение дыхательных путей, включая кашель и затруднение дыхания.

Немедленные действия:
Немедленно вынесите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если дыхание затруднено, обеспечьте кислород, если он доступен.
Обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если симптомы сохраняются или ухудшаются.

Следовать за:
Следите за человеком на предмет каких-либо признаков респираторного дистресс-синдрома.
Обеспечьте комфорт и уверенность.


2. Контакт с кожей:

Симптомы:
Прямой контакт с концентрированными растворами может вызвать раздражение, покраснение или дерматит.

Немедленные действия:
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно промойте пораженный участок водой с мылом в течение не менее 15 минут.
Если раздражение не проходит, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.

Следовать за:
Нанесите мягкий увлажняющий крем или лосьон, чтобы успокоить кожу.
Следите за любыми признаками аллергических реакций или длительного раздражения.


3. Контакт с глазами:

Симптомы:
Контакт с глазами может вызвать раздражение, покраснение или слезотечение.

Немедленные действия:
Немедленно промойте глаза нежно проточной водой в течение не менее 15 минут, держа веки открытыми.
Снимите контактные линзы, если они есть и легко снимаются.
Обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если раздражение не проходит или есть признаки травмы.

Следовать за:
Защищайте пораженный глаз от дальнейшего раздражения или травмы.
Не тереть глаза, так как это может усилить раздражение.


4. Проглатывание:

Симптомы:
Проглатывание концентрированных растворов может вызвать раздражение желудочно-кишечного тракта, тошноту, рвоту или диарею.

Немедленные действия:
Не вызывайте рвоту, если это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Прополощите рот водой и выпейте много воды или молока, чтобы разбавить химическое вещество.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, даже если симптомов нет.

Следовать за:
Следите за человеком на предмет каких-либо признаков желудочно-кишечного расстройства или дискомфорта.
При необходимости обеспечьте поддерживающую терапию, например, противорвотные средства при тошноте и рвоте.


5. Общие советы:

Персональная защита для лиц, оказывающих первую помощь:
При раб��те с концентрированными растворами надевайте соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ), такие как перчатки, защитные очки и защитную одежду.
Избегайте прямого контакта химического вещества с кожей и глазами.

Примечания для врача:
Лечите симптоматически и поддерживающе.
Обеспечьте соответствующее медицинское лечение в зависимости от тяжести симптомов и воздействия.
Помните о потенциальных взаимодействиях с другими лекарствами или химическими веществами.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Умение обращаться:

Личная защита:
При работе с концентрированными растворами надевайте соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки и защитную одежду.
Используйте средства защиты органов дыхания, такие как пылезащитная маска или респиратор, если присутствуют аэрозольные частицы или пары.
Избегайте длительного или многократного контакта кожи с концентрированными растворами, чтобы свести к минимуму риск раздражения.

Практика безопасного обращения:
Обращайтесь с альфа-олефинсульфонатом натрия осторожно, чтобы не допустить разливов или выбросов.
Используйте подходящие инструменты и оборудование, например, насосы или перекачивающие шланги, чтобы свести к минимуму прямой контакт с химикатом.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите во время работы с химикатом и тщательно мойте руки после работы.

Инженерный контроль:
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию в рабочей зоне, чтобы свести к минимуму воздействие частиц или паров, находящихся в воздухе.
При работе с концентрированными растворами используйте системы местной вытяжной вентиляции или вытяжные шкафы для контроля уровня воздействия.

Гигиенические меры:
Обеспечьте возможность мытья рук и тела сразу после работы с альфа-олефинсульфонатом натрия.
Избегайте загрязнения помещений для еды и питья химическими веществами.
Регулярно стирайте рабочую одежду, чтобы предотвратить раздражение кожи от остаточного химического воздействия.

Предотвращение разливов:
Храните контейнеры с Witconate AOS-12 надежно, чтобы предотвратить опрокидывание или случайное разливание.
Используйте вторичные системы локализации, такие как лотки для разливов или насыпи, для локализации разливов и предотвращения загрязнения окружающей среды.
Обучите персонал правильным процедурам реагирования на разливы и предоставьте материалы для ликвидации разливов.


Хранилище:

Условия хранения:
Храните альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия в прохладном, сухом, хорошо проветриваемом помещении, вдали от прямых солнечных лучей и источников тепла.
Поддерживайте температуру хранения в рекомендуемых пределах, чтобы предотвратить разложение или кристаллизацию.
Убедитесь, что складские помещения оборудованы соответствующими средствами контроля температуры и влажности, особенно для порошкообразных форм химикатов.

Обработка контейнеров:
Для хранения Witconate AOS-12 используйте контейнеры из совместимых материалов, таких как полиэтилен высокой плотности (HDPE) или нержавеющая сталь.
Перед хранением проверьте контейнеры на предмет утечек или повреждений и обращайтесь с ними осторожно, чтобы избежать разливов или несчастных случаев.
Пометьте все контейнеры названием химического вещества, концентрацией, предупреждениями об опасности и мерами предосторожности при обращении.

Сегрегация:
Храните альфа-олефинсульфонат натрия вдали от несовместимых веществ, таких как сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и химически активные металлы.
Разделите различные химические классы, чтобы предотвратить перекрестное загрязнение и химические реакции.

Управление запасами:
Внедрите систему инвентаризации по принципу «первым пришел — первым ушел» (FIFO), чтобы обеспечить использование старых запасов раньше новых.
Ведите точный учет уровня запасов и потребления, чтобы предотвратить затоваривание или дефицит.

Меры безопасности:
Ограничьте доступ к местам хранения, содержащим Witconate AOS-12, только уполномоченному персоналу.
Примите меры безопасности, такие как запирание шкафов или контроль доступа, чтобы предотвратить несанкционированный доступ или кражу.

Готовность к чрезвычайным ситуациям:
Разрабатывать и поддерживать планы реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации при разливах, утечках или авариях, связанных с альфа-олефинсульфонатом натрия.
Убедитесь, что персонал обучен действиям в чрезвычайных ситуациях и имеет доступ к оборудованию для экстренного реагирования, такому как комплекты для разлива и средства индивидуальной защиты.

XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) IUPAC Name of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 9H-xanthene Experimental Properties of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) Physical Description of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) DryPowder Cream-coloured powder Solubility of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Chemical formula: (C35H49O29)n XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), widely used in food applications, is a heteropolysaccharide produced by submerged aerobic fermentation using a bacterium named Xanthomonas campestris and forms a sterile fermentation medium with carbohydrate, a suitable nitrogen source, potassium phosphate and other trace elements. The polysaccharide produced at the end of the fermentation step is precipitated using isopropyl alcohol and isolated from the medium. The isolated polysaccharide is then centrifuged and then dried to remove residual isopropyl alcohol. The dried XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is milled to be powdered and packed after being sifted through the sieves. The predominant hexose is D-gluco and D-mannose with D-glucuronic acid and pyruvic acid and is prepared as sodium, potassium or calcium salts and the solutions are neutral The XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), a microbial heteropolysaccharide, consists essentially of a polymer skeleton containing 1,4-linked ß-D-glucose units as in cellulose. In these scaffolded side chains, there is a trisaccharide consisting of one D-glucuronic acid residue between the two D-mannose residues. The polymer also contains 4.7% O-acetyl groups and 3.0-3.5% pu rvric acid as a ketal in the glucose unit. These side chains found in the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), which make up about 60% of the molecule, can gain many physical and chemical properties specific to XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM). Because of the side chains, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) can be completely hydrated even in the cold chain. Furthermore, it is stated that these side chains make XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) resistant to hydrolysis. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) which is soluble in water but not soluble in organic solvents; As rheological control agent in water containing systems and as stabilizer for emulsions and suspensions. Apart from these, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM); These properties of the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) which are easily soluble in 8% of hydrochloric acid, 10% of hydrochloric acid and 25% of phosphoric acid, can be easily dissolved in the solution of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid, It can last for months as long as the temperature does not rise. Commercial XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a yellowish powdery substance which is completely soluble in hot or cold water and gives high viscosity solutions at low concentrations. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM)'s aqueous solutions are able to poison up to 50% of some hydrophilic solvents such as ethanol and propylene glycol. The viscosity of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a function of its concentration in its distribution. As with other gauges, the xanthan gauge solenoids also exhibit a pseudo-fluid type. Pseudoplastic fluid type; Mouth sensation, taste perception and suspension formation, which have a significant impact on the formation of properties that affect many sensory qualities. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a distinctive feature that distinguishes the gamma from other gums, as its resistance to temperature and pH is considerably larger. This durability is said to be caused by the side chains in the xanthan molecule being wrapped around the cellulose skeleton. This feature is the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM); Enzymes, acids, bases, high temperatures, freezing and thawing, and degradation that can occur during long-term mixing. Interaction of these trisaccharide chains with the main chain makes the molecule a very solid rod and increases the stability of heat, acid and base remarkably. Molecular weight is around 2 million and probably larger values are reported due to aggregation. Pyruvic acid content has the highest xanthans, highest viscosity and thermal stability. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) solvers; Are generally not affected by changes in pH value and are soluble in most of the acids and bases. Most of the other hydrocolloids; Low pH values and viscosity at high temperatures, while XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is stable under the same conditions. Features and benefits of the Xanthan range; To form visible clear solutions even at high concentrations, • dissolving in both hot and cold water, • give high viscosity to solutions even at low polysaccharide concentrations, • minimal change in the viscosity of the solutions formed by xanthan over a wide temperature range, • dissolution and stability in both acidic and alkaline solutions, • stability in solutions with high salt concentration, • high resistance to enzymatic degradation, • a good lubricant, • stability after freezing / thawing steps, • it is an extremely effective emulsion stabilizer, • excellent mouth taste, • can be counted as having synergistic properties with other hydrocolloids (guar and locust bean gum). As food application areas; • sauces and salad dressings, • bakery and pastry products, •meat products, •drinks, • fruit preparations, • powder products are in place. Because the viscosity of the solution does not change much with temperature, that is, when it is cooled it does not increase in consistency, so XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), salad sauces and chocolate syrups are very suitable for use in products that will be consumed as soon as they are removed from the refrigerator. These products should be as easy to pour as they are at room temperature as soon as they leave the refrigerator. In normal salad sauces, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used as a thickener and the particles stabilize suspension in the structure and emulsion in water. The XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM)is generally used in combination with the propylene glycol alginate. When used together they give a solution with less pseudoplasticity and less viscosity. The resulting product has improved pourability and a cream-like smooth structure. Anthan gum; Conforms to other hydrocolloids; Especially locust bean gum and konjacla (gel formation) and guar gum (high viscosity). XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) and guar gamma / gum gamma combinations are used in the stabilization of ice cream and frozen products. This addition of carrageenan prevents the separation of the liquid phase during freezing. Double or triple combinations of these scales are used in various dairy products. Finally, it is used in technical fields in toothpaste, cosmetics, cleaning products, coatings and dyes and fire extinguishers. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a polysaccharide obtained from fermentation of glucose or sucrose with Xanthomonas campestris bacteria. Stabilizer and thickener additive are used as additives. The most important feature of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is its ability to increase consistency even at low concentrations. Use of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) To create visible clear solutions even at high concentrations, Both hot and cold water dissolution, It gives high viscosity to solutions even at low polysaccharide concentrations, Minimal changes in the fluidity of the solutions formed by xanthan in the wide temperature range, The dissolution and stability in both acidic and alkaline solutions, Stability in solutions with high salt concentration, Being a good lubricant, After the freezing / thawing steps, It is an extremely effective emulsion stabilizer, Excellent mouthfeel. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is known as E415 and is used as a stabilizer and thickening additive in food production. One of the most remarkable properties of xanthan gum is its ability to increase its consistency even at very low concentrations. Most food products use 0.5%, even 0.05% Bread, pastry and candies we made with gluten-free flour usually begin to disintegrate and crumble after a short period of time. The duration of the hold is very short. It also does not have the elasticity of products made with normal flours. Food industry Application area tackifier Confectionery sugar and jellies Binding material Coating material Pastry, bakery products emulsifier Salad dressing Create a movie Protective layers, sausage coating Foam fixing XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used as a thickener and stabilizer in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Suspensions are also used as suspending agent, emulsifier, structuring agent or foam enhancer. powdered drink mixes produced in a similar manner sahlep and among our traditional products, ice cream, salad dressings, powdered soups, mayonnaise, is used in various products such as ketchup. It is the reason for preference in the food industry in terms of high consistency which can be achieved especially in the products by extracting the aroma to the foreground and even at the lowest usage rate. In the pharmaceutical industry, tablet binding (adhesive) is used. Food: food, bakery products, bakery products filler, gels and mixtures thereof, batter mixes, biscuit filling, bread, brine solution ham injection, cake mixes, cakes, canned foods, spread cheese, chewing gum, chocolate sauce, coleslaw ornament, confectionery, cottage cheese, cream cheese, dairy products, sweet cream, dessert mixes, desserts / foams, diet products, eggs displacer, reduced-fat margarine, foams, cold soda, frozen food, fruit filling, fruit preparations, gluten-free bread, meat water, ham pumping, ice cream, icings, instant products, prepared soups, liquid / foam powders, Louisiana style hot sauce, mayonnaise, meat batter, the milk shake, filo pastry, pizza sauce, prepared foods, frozen pasta, salad dressings , Sauces, sausages, soft biscuits, sausages, soy sauce, ready-to-eat chocolate drink, sugar eşni are, tomato ketchup, whipped cream and yogurt. Soft drinks: citrus drinks, dietsal soft drinks, fruit juices, fruit flavors and prepared drinks. Drugs: Liquid antibiotics, lozenges, drug emulsions, drug suspensions, syrups, tablets, tablets that delay the release of drug (drug). Personal care: Cosmetics, creams, liquid make-up materials, liquid soap, lotions, shampoos, toiletries, toothpaste. Cleaners / detergents: Acidic cleaners, alkaline cleaners, domestic cleaners, liquid toilet cleaners. Industrial applications: adhesives, agrochemicals, animal feed, bitumen emulsions, calf fillers, ceramic glazes, inks, fire fighting foams, foundry coatings, latex emulsions, latex paints, liquid animal feed, lubricants, metal polishes, mining oil drilling, paint remover material, paper, pet food, wax emulsions, poultry feed, pickling, silicate paints, textiles and carpet dyeing (printing) pastes, fabric (cloth) coatings, water-based paints. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) beauty products and liquid soap, tooth paste, which kullanılır.şampu as a thickener in cosmetic products such as colognes, lotions, cosmetics and hair care products by bazılarıdır.ayrı the cosmetic product prepared with xanthan gain XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) to the cream and to add a feeling of pleasant touch aftershave Can also be used. Use of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) in the Pharmaceutical Sector: XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used in the pharmaceutical sector to regulate the effects of drugs such as antibiotics and to ensure regular dosing. It also helps to stabilize creams containing medicinal chemicals. Agriculture and other sectors XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) industry has a wide range of uses as a thickener and stabilizer. It increases the fluidity of fungicides, herbicides and insecticides. Unique density properties of xanthan solutions increase sprayability, reduce friction and increase the viscosity and permanence of the herbicides. Above all, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a complex exopolysaccharide, i.e. a polymer containing sugar residues secreted by the environment surrounding it by a microorganism. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) produced by plant pathogenic bacteria, a microorganism that causes various diseases in plants, is widely used as a thickener and stabilizing agent in food and industrial products in a wide range. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is widely used today. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) / E-415 Carbohydrate is a high molecular polysaccharide chain produced by a pure culture fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris. It is classified as hydrophilic colloids and their derivatives as a gum. In addition to its utility as an aqueous viscosity enhancer, it is used as a binder, emulsion stabilizer, and various skin conditioning agents and emulsifying surfactants. Stable in solutions containing high concentrations of salt, resistant to enzymatic degradation. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) exhibits extraordinary and useful features. For example; High viscosity at low concentrations, little change in viscosities at varying temperatures, and excellent stability over a wide pH range. It also allows good freeze-thaw stability and exhibits remarkable suspension characteristics. Main functions: Stabilizes emulsions, prevents clotting, improves adhesion, improves texture, gives creamy density, improves mouth feel, improves texture, gives viscosity, stabilizes insoluble ingredients, stabilizes fruit juice in soft drinks, It provides emulsion and foam stability, controls sedimentation, controls drift and adhesion, provides easy flow and pumpability, controls crystallization, provides finer porous structure, increases pitting volume, controls rheology, provides temperature and pH stability, binds water, Allows delayed release of the drug, gives a pleasant skin feel, keeps the active ingredients in suspension, prolongs contact time. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) Product Details: XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a polysaccharide obtained from fermentation of glucose or sucrose with Xanthomonas campestris bacteria. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is known as E415 and it is used as stabilizer and thickener additive in food production. The chemical formula is (C35H49O29) n. The molecular weight is about 10,000. The pH of the 1% solution is 7.3. The XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), which is a microbiological heteropolysaccharide, is composed of a main polymer skeleton containing 1,4-linked ß-glucoside units as in cellulose. In these scaffolded side chains, there is a trisaccharide composed of Dglucoric acid residues between the two D mannose residues. The polymer also contains 4.7% of the acetyl groups and 3.03.5% of the pyruvic acid. These side chains found in the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), which make up about 60% of the molecule, give many physical and chemical properties specific to XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM). Because of the side chains, the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) can be completely hydrated even in the cold chain. In addition, these side chains are said to make the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) resistant to hydrolysis. One of the most remarkable properties of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is its ability to increase its consistency even at very low concentrations. Most food products use 0.5%, or even 0.5%. The pseudoelasticity he carries maintains his determination despite his slick sensation in his mouth. Unlike other gamut types, it is stable in large temperature and pH changes and is considered a reliable additive in America, Canada and Europe. Stable in solutions containing high concentrations of salt, resistant to enzymatic degradation. Features and benefits of xantan gamut; Soluble in both hot and cold water, giving high viscosity to solutions even at low polysaccharide concentrations, Minimal change in the fluidity of solutions formed by xanthan in wide temperature range, Solubility and stability in both acidic and alkaline solutions Stability of solutions with high salt concentration, Good lubricity, Stability after frost / dissolution stages, Excellent emulsion stabilizer, Excellent mouth taste. Applications of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) in the Cosmetic Industry: XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM)Features: Carbohydrate is a high molecular polysaccharide chain produced by a pure culture fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is classified as hydrophilic colloids and their derivatives as a gum. In addition to its utility as an aqueous viscosity enhancer, it is used as a binder, emulsion stabilizer, and various skin conditioning agents and emulsifying surfactants. Stable in solutions containing high concentrations of salt, resistant to enzymatic degradation. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) exhibits extraordinary and useful features. For example; High viscosity at low concentrations, little change in viscosities at varying temperatures, and excellent stability over a wide pH range. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) also allows good freeze-thaw stability and exhibits remarkable suspension characteristics. Major functions / characteristics: Stabilizes emulsions, prevents clotting, provides good adhesion, improves texture, improves mouth feel, improves mouthfeel, gives added viscosity, stabilizes insoluble components, stabilizes fruit juice in soft drinks, provides emulsion and foam stability Control sedimentation, control drift and adhesion, provide easy flow and pumpability, control crystallization, provide finer porous structure, increase pitting volume, control rheology, provide temperature and pH stability, bind water, allow delayed drug release in medication Gives a pleasant skin feel, keeps the active ingredients in suspension, prolongs contact time. Industrial applications of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM): adhesives, agrochemicals, animal feed, bitumen emulsions, calf fillers, ceramic glazes, inks, fire fighting foams, foundry coats, latex emulsions, latex paints, liquid animal feed, lubricants, metal polishes, mining, oil Punching, paint remover, paper, pet food, lacquer emulsions, poultry feed, rust removers, silicate dyes, textile and carpet dyeing (printing) adhesives, textile coatings, water based paints. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a sugar-like compound made by mixing aged (fermented) sugars with a certain kind of bacteria. It is used to make medicine. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used for lowering blood sugar and total cholesterol in people with diabetes. It is also used as a laxative. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is sometimes used as a saliva substitute in people with dry mouth (Sjogren's syndrome). In manufacturing, xanthan gum is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in foods, toothpastes, and medicines. Xanthan gum is also an ingredient in some sustained-release pills. PH 6.0 - 8.0 COLOR White to cream APPEARANCE Free flowing powder INDUSTRY Food Chemicals, Industrial, Industrial Drilling, Oil and Gas Production, Drilling Fluid, Hydraulic Fracturing, Fracking One of the most remarkable properties of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is its ability to produce a large increase in the viscosity of a liquid by adding a very small quantity of gum. The viscosity solutions decrease with higher shear rates, which is called pseudoplasticity. This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking, or even chewing, will thin out, but once the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken back up. In foods, this gum is used as a good thickening agent which is most often found in salad dressings and sauces. It makes these products thick enough at rest in the bottle to keep the mixture fairly homogeneous, but the shear forces generated by shaking the mixture so it can be easily poured. When it exits the bottle, the shear forces are removed and the mixture thickens back up, so it clings to the salad or food. It is very stable under a wide range of temperatures and pH. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier. This gum also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices. Also used in frozen foods and beverages, it helps create the pleasant texture in many ice creams.Gluten-free baking also contains this ingredient; since the gluten found in wheat must be omitted, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used to give the dough or batter a "stickiness" that would otherwise be achieved with the gluten. It is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages. In personal care, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a stabilizer to prevent ingredients from separating. In toothpaste, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) serves as a binder to keep the product uniform. It is also used to prepare water gel, oil-in-water emulsions to help stabilize the oil droplets against coalescence, and has some skin hydrating properties. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is a high molecular weight polysaccharide produced by fermentation of Xanthamonas campestris. The composition and structure of the XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) produced by commercial fermentation is identical to the naturally occurring polysaccharide formed on plants belonging to the cabbage family. Process control and rigorous quality standards throughout production guarantee consistent, reliable product performance. In processed foods, xanthan gum provides stability and improves or modifies textural qualities, pouring characteristics and cling. Exceptional thickening and stabilizing abilities make XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) products a common component in many food systems. For salad dressings, ACAR products are the stabilizers of choice, keeping ingredients suspended uniformly while providing excellent pourability without flavor masking. The dramatic thickening capability of low concentrations of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) provides improved mouthfeel in products such as syrups and powdered juice drinks. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) (/ˈzænθən/) is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive. It is an effective thickening agent and stabilizer to prevent ingredients from separating. It can be produced from simple sugars using a fermentation process, and derives its name from the species of bacteria used, Xanthomonas campestris. Contents 1 History of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 2 Uses of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 2.1 Shear thinning 2.2 Amounts used 3 Health 3.1 Safety of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 4 Preparation of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) 4.1 Detail of the biosynthesis 5 References History of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) was discovered by Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture, and brought into commercial production by CP Kelco under the trade name Kelzan® in the early 1960s.[2][3] It was approved for use in foods in 1968 and is accepted as a safe food additive in the USA, Canada, European countries, and many other countries, with E number E415, and CAS number 11138-66-2. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) derives its name from the species of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris.[4] This is the same bacterium responsible for causing black rot to form on broccoli, cauliflower, and other leafy vegetables. Uses of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM), 1%, can produce a significant increase in the viscosity of a liquid.[5] In foods, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is common in salad dressings and sauces. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) helps to prevent oil separation by stabilizing the emulsion, although it is not an emulsifier. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) also helps suspend solid particles, such as spices. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) helps create the desired texture in many ice creams. Toothpaste often contains XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) as a binder to keep the product uniform. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) also helps thicken commercial egg substitutes made from egg whites, to replace the fat and emulsifiers found in yolks. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for those with swallowing disorders, since it does not change the color or flavor of foods or beverages at typical use levels.[6] In gluten-free baking, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used to give the dough or batter the stickiness that would otherwise be achieved with gluten. In most foods XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used at concentrations of 0.5% or less. Xanthan gum is used in wide range food products, such as sauces, dressings, meat and poultry products, bakery products, confectionery products, beverages, dairy products, others. In the oil industry, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used in large quantities to thicken drilling mud.[7] These fluids carry the solids cut by the drilling bit to the surface. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) provides great "low end" rheology. When circulation stops, the solids remain suspended in the drilling fluid. The widespread use of horizontal drilling and the demand for good control of drilled solids has led to its expanded use. XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) has been added to concrete poured underwater, to increase its viscosity and prevent washout. In cosmetics, XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is used to prepare water gels.[8] It is also used in oil-in-water emulsions to enhance droplet coalescence.[9] Xanthan gum is under preliminary research for its potential uses in tissue engineering to construct hydrogels and scaffolds supporting three-dimensional tissue formation.[8] Shear thinning The viscosity of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) solutions decreases with higher shear rates. This is called shear thinning or pseudoplasticity. This means that a product subjected to shear, whether from mixing, shaking or chewing will thin. When the shear forces are removed, the food will thicken again. In salad dressing, the addition of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) makes it thick enough at rest in the bottle to keep the mixture fairly homogeneous, but the shear forces generated by shaking and pouring thins it, so it can be easily poured. When it exits the bottle, the shear forces are removed and it thickens again, so it clings to the salad. Amounts used The greater the ratio of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) added to a liquid, the thicker the liquid will become. An emulsion can be formed with as little as 0.1% (by weight). Increasing the amount of gum gives a thicker, more stable emulsion up to 1% XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM). A teaspoon of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) weighs about 2.5 grams and brings one cup (250 ml) of water to a 1% concentration.[6][10] To make a foam, 0.2–0.8% XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is typically used. Larger amounts result in larger bubbles and denser foam. Egg white powder (0.2–2.0%) with 0.1–0.4% XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) yields bubbles similar to soap bubbles. Health Evaluation of workers exposed to XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) dust found evidence of a link to respiratory symptoms.[11] On May 20, 2011, the FDA issued a press release about SimplyThick, a food-thickening additive containing XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) as the active ingredient, warning parents, caregivers and health care providers not to feed SimplyThick, a thickening product, to premature infants.[12] The concern is that the product may cause premature infants to suffer necrotizing enterocolitis. Safety of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) According to a 2017 safety review by a scientific panel of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) (European food additive number E 415) is extensively digested during intestinal fermentation, and causes no adverse effects, even at high intake amounts.[13] The EFSA panel found no concern about genotoxicity from long-term consumption.[13] EFSA concluded that there is no safety concern for the general population when XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is consumed as a food additive.[13] Preparation XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is produced by the fermentation of glucose and sucrose.[13] The polysaccharide is prepared by the bacteria being inoculated into a sterile aqueous solution of carbohydrate(s), a source of nitrogen, dipotassium phosphate, and some trace elements.[13] The medium is well-aerated and stirred, and the xanthan polymer is produced extracellularly into the medium. After one to four days, the polymer is precipitated from the medium by the addition of isopropyl alcohol, and the precipitate is dried and milled to give a powder that is readily soluble in water or brine.[13] XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is composed of pentasaccharide repeat units, comprising glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in the molar ratio 2:2:1.[13][14] A strain of X. campestris has been developed that will grow on lactose - which allows it to be used to process whey, a waste product of cheese production. This can produce 30 g/L of XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) for every 40 g/L of whey powder. Whey-derived XANTHAN GUM (Ksantan Sakızı)(KSANTAN GAM) is commonly used in many commercial products, such as shampoos and salad dressings.[15] Detail of the biosynthesis Synthesis originates from glucose as substrate for synthesis of the sugar nucleotides precursors UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronate, and GDP-mannose that are required for building the pentasaccharide repeat unit.[13] This links the synthesis of xanthan to carbohydrate metabolism. The repeat units are built up at undecaprenylphosphate lipid carriers that are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane.[citation needed] Specific glycosyltransferases sequentially transfer the sugar moieties of the nucleotide sugar xanthan precursors to the lipid carriers. Acetyl and pyruvyl residues are added as non-carbohydrate decorations. Mature repeat units are polymerized and exported in a way resembling the Wzy-dependent polysaccharide synthesis mechanism of Enterobacteriaceae. Products of the gum gene cluster drive synthesis, polymerization, and export of the repeat unit.

Synonyms: xylosic alcohol;XYLITOL CRYSTALLINE;XYLITOL, FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PURPOSES;XYLITOL, 1GM, NEAT;Xylitol 1 M Solution;XYLITOL BIOSYNTH;XYLITOL, WHO 98.5-101.0%;XYLITOL, USP GRADE CAS: 87-99-0

Xiameter MEM-2664 Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion is a non-ionic emulsion of a high molecular weight polydimethyl-siloxane. It delivers high-molecular-weight dimethicone through a water-based system. This product is for use in a variety of hair care applications where the benefits of a high viscosity dimethicone are desired. INCI Name: Dimethicone (and) Laureth-4 (and) Laureth-23 Typical Properties Hair Care Benefits Enhanced Dry Combing, Enhanced Wet Combing, Heat Protection Internal Phase Functionality Dimethyl Surfactant Type Nonionic Features & Benefits • Hair applications Applications • Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion is for use in a variety of hair care applications where the benefits of a high viscosity dimethicone are desired. Typical Properties Specification Writers: These values are not intended for use in preparing specifications. Test Unit Value Appearance Milky white Viscosity @ 25°C (77°F) cSt < 200 pH 2.0–5.0 Silicone content % 50 Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) 0.99 Description Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion is a non-ionic emulsion of a high molecular weight polydimethyl-siloxane. How To Use To best stabilize Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion in a formulation, add it slowly, at the end of the process, at a temperature below 40°C (104°F) with smooth continuous mixing or stirring. For leave-on and rinse-off conditioners and shampoos the recommended use level is 2% or greater. Usable Life And Storage Product should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) in original, unopened containers. The emulsion can freeze at 0°C (32°F), so adequate precautions should be taken. Limitations This product is neither tested nor represented as suitable for medical or pharmaceutical uses. Not intended for human injection. Not intended for food use. Health And Environmental Information To support customers in their product safety needs, Dow has an extensive Product Stewardship organization and a team of product safety and regulatory compliance specialists available in each area. For further information, please see our website, www.consumer.dow.com or consult your local Dow representative. Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion is designed to meet the need for paraben-free claims in hair care products, and where the benefits of a high viscosity dimethicone are desired; it is the paraben-free counterpart to the Xiameter MEM-1664 Emulsion. This nonionic emulsion of high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane is recommended at 2% or greater in leave-on and rinse-off conditioners and shampoos. Origin(s): Petrochemical Recommended Use levels: MIN: 2.0 MAX: 2.0 Claims Hair Care Conditioning Feel Shine Function: Surfactants Applications: Conditioners, Hair care, Shampoos Usage level: 2% Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion is a non-ionic emulsion of a high molecular weight polydimethyl-siloxane. To support the creation of hair care products that are both effective and consumer-preferred, the Xiameter brand has introduced a paraben-free silicone emulsion for hair conditioning applications—Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion. “This emulsion is similar to Xiameter MEM-1664 Emulsion, a proven hair-conditioning agent. The only difference is that Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion contains a non-paraben preservative,” explained Kevin Murphy, global market director. Both products enable formulators to deliver high-molecular-weight dimethicone through a water-based system. Both can be used to add valuable conditioning and wet- and dry-combing benefits to shampoos and leave-in and rinse-off conditioners. To support the creation of hair care products that are both effective and consumer-preferred, the Xiameter brand has introduced a new paraben-free silicone emulsion for hair conditioning applications – Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion. Today’s consumers are becoming increasingly interested in what their personal care products contain and are actively reading product labels. “Formulators who are responding to consumer desires for paraben-free products need alternative ingredients that are both proven and high-performing,” said Kevin Murphy, global market director. “That’s why we added Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion to our hair care line. “This emulsion is similar to Xiameter MEM-1664 Emulsion, a proven hair-conditioning agent. The only difference is that Xiameter MEM-2664 Emulsion contains a non-paraben preservative,” Murphy said. Both products enable formulators to deliver high-molecular-weight dimethicone through a water-based system. Both can be used to add valuable conditioning and wet- and dry-combing benefits to shampoos and leave-in and rinse-off conditioners. Xiameter MEM-2664 emulsion is a non-ionic emulsion of a high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane. It is ideal for use in a variety of hair care and skin care applications where the benefit of a high viscosity dimethicone is desired. What Is It? Xiameter MEM-2664 are polyoxyethers of lauryl alcohol. They are a clear, colorless liquids. In cosmetics and personal care products, Xiameter MEM-2664 are used in the formulation of a variety of bath, eye, facial, hair, cleansing and sunscreen products. They are also used in cuticle softeners, deodorants and moisturizing products. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Xiameter MEM-2664 both function as surfactants. Laureth-4 functions as a surfatant - emulsfying agent, while Laureth-23 functions as a surfactant - cleansing agent and a surfactant - solubilizing agent. Scientific Facts: Xiameter MEM-2664 are produced by reacting ethylene oxide with lauryl alcohol. The numerical designation refers to the average number of repeating ethylene oxide units in the molecule. As the numerical value of Laureths increases, the viscosity of the ingredient increases until they become white, waxy solids. Polydimethylsiloxane (Xiameter MEM-2664), also known as dimethylpolysiloxane or dimethicone, belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as silicones.[1] Xiameter MEM-2664 is the most widely used silicon-based organic polymer due to its versatility and properties leading to many applications.[2] It is particularly known for its unusual rheological (or flow) properties. Xiameter MEM-2664 is optically clear and, in general, inert, non-toxic, and non-flammable. It is one of several types of silicone oil (polymerized siloxane). Its applications range from contact lenses and medical devices to elastomers; it is also present in shampoos (as it makes hair shiny and slippery), food (antifoaming agent), caulking, lubricants and heat-resistant tiles. Structure The chemical formula for Xiameter MEM-2664 is CH3[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)3, where n is the number of repeating monomer [SiO(CH3)2] units.[3] Industrial synthesis can begin from dimethyldichlorosilane and water by the following net reaction: The polymerization reaction evolves hydrochloric acid. For medical and domestic applications, a process was developed in which the chlorine atoms in the silane precursor were replaced with acetate groups. In this case, the polymerization produces acetic acid, which is less chemically aggressive than HCl. As a side-effect, the curing process is also much slower in this case. The acetate is used in consumer applications, such as silicone caulk and adhesives. Branching and capping Hydrolysis of Si(CH3)2Cl2 generates a polymer that is terminated with silanol groups (−Si(CH3)2OH]). These reactive centers are typically "capped" by reaction with trimethylsilyl chloride: 2 Si(CH3)3Cl + [Si(CH3)2O]n−2[Si(CH3)2OH]2 → [Si(CH3)2O]n−2[Si(CH3)2O Si(CH3)3]2 + 2 HCl Silane precursors with more acid-forming groups and fewer methyl groups, such as methyltrichlorosilane, can be used to introduce branches or cross-links in the polymer chain. Under ideal conditions, each molecule of such a compound becomes a branch point. This can be used to produce hard silicone resins. In a similar manner, precursors with three methyl groups can be used to limit molecular weight, since each such molecule has only one reactive site and so forms the end of a siloxane chain. Well-defined Xiameter MEM-2664 with a low polydispersity index and high homogeneity is produced by controlled anionic ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane. Using this methodology it is possible to synthesize linear block copolymers, heteroarm star-shaped block copolymers and many other macromolecular architectures. The polymer is manufactured in multiple viscosities, ranging from a thin pourable liquid (when n is very low), to a thick rubbery semi-solid (when n is very high). Xiameter MEM-2664 molecules have quite flexible polymer backbones (or chains) due to their siloxane linkages, which are analogous to the ether linkages used to impart rubberiness to polyurethanes. Such flexible chains become loosely entangled when molecular weight is high, which results in Xiameter MEM-2664' unusually high level of viscoelasticity. Mechanical properties Xiameter MEM-2664 is viscoelastic, meaning that at long flow times (or high temperatures), it acts like a viscous liquid, similar to honey. However, at short flow times (or low temperatures), it acts like an elastic solid, similar to rubber. Viscoelasticity is a form of nonlinear elasticity that is common amongst noncrystalline polymers.[4] The loading and unloading of a stress-strain curve for Xiameter MEM-2664 do not coincide; rather, the amount of stress will vary based on the degree of strain, and the general rule is that increasing strain will result in greater stiffness. When the load itself is removed, the strain is slowly recovered (rather than instantaneously). This time-dependent elastic deformation results from the long-chains of the polymer. But the process that is described above is only relevant when cross-linking is present; when it is not, the polymer Xiameter MEM-2664 cannot shift back to the original state even when the load is removed, resulting in a permanent deformation. However, permanent deformation is rarely seen in Xiameter MEM-2664, since it is almost always cured with a cross-linking agent. If some Xiameter MEM-2664 is left on a surface overnight (long flow time), it will flow to cover the surface and mold to any surface imperfections. However, if the same Xiameter MEM-2664 is poured into a spherical mold and allowed to cure (short flow time), it will bounce like a rubber ball.[3] The mechanical properties of Xiameter MEM-2664 enable this polymer to conform to a diverse variety of surfaces. Since these properties are affected by a variety of factors, this unique polymer is relatively easy to tune. This enables Xiameter MEM-2664 to become a good substrate that can easily be integrated into a variety of microfluidic and microelectromechanical systems.[5][6] Specifically, the determination of mechanical properties can be decided before Xiameter MEM-2664 is cured; the uncured version allows the user to capitalize on myriad opportunities for achieving a desirable elastomer. Generally, the cross-linked cured version of Xiameter MEM-2664 resembles rubber in a solidified form. It is widely known to be easily stretched, bent, compressed in all directions.[7] Depending on the application and field, the user is able to tune the properties based on what is demanded. Fabric embedded within Xiameter MEM-2664. This technique enables a user to retain a thin layer of Xiameter MEM-2664 as a substrate while achieving a higher stiffness through the insertion of reinforcement. Linear relationship in Sylgard 184 Xiameter MEM-2664 between curing temperature and Young's modulus Overall Xiameter MEM-2664 has a low elastic modulus which enables it to be easily deformed and results in the behavior of a rubber.[8][9][10] Viscoelastic properties of Xiameter MEM-2664 can be more precisely measured using dynamic mechanical analysis. This method requires determination of the material's flow characteristics over a wide range of temperatures, flow rates, and deformations. Because of Xiameter MEM-2664's chemical stability, it is often used as a calibration fluid for this type of experiment. The shear modulus of Xiameter MEM-2664 varies with preparation conditions, and consequently dramatically varies in the range of 100 kPa to 3 MPa. The loss tangent is very low (tan δ ≪ 0.001). Chemical compatibility Xiameter MEM-2664 is hydrophobic.[6] Plasma oxidation can be used to alter the surface chemistry, adding silanol (SiOH) groups to the surface. Atmospheric air plasma and argon plasma will work for this application. This treatment renders the Xiameter MEM-2664 surface hydrophilic, allowing water to wet it. The oxidized surface can be further functionalized by reaction with trichlorosilanes. After a certain amount of time, recovery of the surface's hydrophobicity is inevitable, regardless of whether the surrounding medium is vacuum, air, or water; the oxidized surface is stable in air for about 30 minutes.[11] Alternatively, for applications where long-term hydrophilicity is a requirement, techniques such as hydrophilic polymer grafting, surface nanostructuring, and dynamic surface modification with embedded surfactants can be of use. [12] Solid Xiameter MEM-2664 samples (whether surface-oxidized or not) will not allow aqueous solvents to infiltrate and swell the material. Thus Xiameter MEM-2664 structures can be used in combination with water and alcohol solvents without material deformation. However most organic solvents will diffuse into the material and cause it to swell.[6] Despite this, some organic solvents lead to sufficiently small swelling that they can be used with Xiameter MEM-2664, for instance within the channels of Xiameter MEM-2664 microfluidic devices. The swelling ratio is roughly inversely related to the solubility parameter of the solvent. Diisopropylamine swells Xiameter MEM-2664 to the greatest extent; solvents such as chloroform, ether, and THF swell the material to a large extent. Solvents such as acetone, 1-propanol, and pyridine swell the material to a small extent. Alcohols and polar solvents such as methanol, glycerol and water do not swell the material appreciably.[13] Applications Surfactants and antifoaming agents Xiameter MEM-2664 is a common surfactant and is a component of defoamers.[14] Xiameter MEM-2664, in a modified form, is used as an herbicide penetrant[15] and is a critical ingredient in water-repelling coatings, such as Rain-X.[16] Hydraulic fluids and related applications Dimethicone is also the active silicone fluid in automotive viscous limited slip differentials and couplings. This is usually a non-serviceable OEM component but can be replaced with mixed performance results due to variances in effectiveness caused by refill weights or non-standard pressurizations.[citation needed] Soft lithography Xiameter MEM-2664 is commonly used as a stamp resin in the procedure of soft lithography, making it one of the most common materials used for flow delivery in microfluidics chips.[17] The process of soft lithography consists of creating an elastic stamp, which enables the transfer of patterns of only a few nanometers in size onto glass, silicon or polymer surfaces. With this type of technique, it is possible to produce devices that can be used in the areas of optic telecommunications or biomedical research. The stamp is produced from the normal techniques of photolithography or electron-beam lithography. The resolution depends on the mask used and can reach 6 nm. In biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems (bio-MEMS), soft lithography is used extensively for microfluidics in both organic and inorganic contexts. Silicon wafers are used to design channels, and Xiameter MEM-2664 is then poured over these wafers and left to harden. When removed, even the smallest of details is left imprinted in the Xiameter MEM-2664. With this particular Xiameter MEM-2664 block, hydrophilic surface modification is conducted using plasma etching techniques. Plasma treatment disrupts surface silicon-oxygen bonds, and a plasma-treated glass slide is usually placed on the activated side of the Xiameter MEM-2664 (the plasma-treated, now hydrophilic side with imprints). Once activation wears off and bonds begin to reform, silicon-oxygen bonds are formed between the surface atoms of the glass and the surface atoms of the Xiameter MEM-2664, and the slide becomes permanently sealed to the Xiameter MEM-2664, thus creating a waterproof channel. With these devices, researchers can utilize various surface chemistry techniques for different functions creating unique lab-on-a-chip devices for rapid parallel testing.[5] Xiameter MEM-2664 can be cross-linked into networks and is a commonly used system for studying the elasticity of polymer networks.[citation needed] Xiameter MEM-2664 can be directly patterned by surface-charge lithography. Xiameter MEM-2664 is being used in the making of synthetic gecko adhesion dry adhesive materials, to date only in laboratory test quantities.[20] Some flexible electronics researchers use Xiameter MEM-2664 because of its low cost, easy fabrication, flexibility, and optical transparency.[21] Stereo lithography In stereo lithography (SLA) 3D printing, light is projected onto photocuring resin to selectively cure it. Some types of SLA printer are cured from the bottom of the tank of resin and therefore require the growing model to be peeled away from the base in order for each printed layer to be supplied with a fresh film of uncured resin. A Xiameter MEM-2664 layer at the bottom of the tank assists this process by absorbing oxygen : the presence of oxygen adjacent to the resin prevents it adhering to the Xiameter MEM-2664, and the optically clear Xiameter MEM-2664 permits the projected image to pass through to the resin undistorted. Medicine and cosmetics Activated dimethicone, a mixture of polydimethylsiloxanes and silicon dioxide (sometimes called simethicone), is often used in over-the-counter drugs as an antifoaming agent and carminative.[22][23] It has also been at least proposed for use in contact lenses.[24] Silicone breast implants are made out of a Xiameter MEM-2664 elastomer shell, to which fumed amorphous silica is added, encasing Xiameter MEM-2664 gel or saline solution. [25] In addition, Xiameter MEM-2664 is useful as a lice or flea treatment because of its ability to trap insects.[26] It also works as a moisturizer that is lighter and more breathable than typical oils. Skin Xiameter MEM-2664 is used variously in the cosmetic and consumer product industry as well. For example, Xiameter MEM-2664 can be used in the treatment of head lice on the scalp[26] and dimethicone is used widely in skin-moisturizing lotions where it is listed as an active ingredient whose purpose is "skin protection." Some cosmetic formulations use dimethicone and related siloxane polymers in concentrations of use up to 15%. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review's (CIR) Expert Panel, has concluded that dimethicone and related polymers are "safe as used in cosmetic formulations."[27] Hair Xiameter MEM-2664 compounds such as amodimethicone, are effective conditioners when formulated to consist of small particles and be soluble in water or alcohol/act as surfactants[28][29] (especially for damaged hair[30]), and are even more conditioning to the hair than common dimethicone and/or dimethicone copolyols.[31] Contact Lenses A proposed use of Xiameter MEM-2664 is contact lens cleaning. Its physical properties of low elastic modulus and hydrophobicity have been used to clean micro and nano pollutants from contact lens surfaces more effectively than multipurpose solution and finger rubbing; the researchers involved call the technique PoPPR (polymer on polymer pollution removal) and note that it is highly effective at removing nanoplastic that has adhered to lenses.[32] Flea treatment for pets Dimethicone is the active ingredient in a liquid applied to the back of the neck of a cat or dog from a small one time use dose disposable pipette. The parasite becomes trapped and immoblised in the substance and thus breaks the life cycle of the insect. Foods Xiameter MEM-2664 is added to many cooking oils (as an antifoaming agent) to prevent oil splatter during the cooking process. As a result of this, Xiameter MEM-2664 can be found in trace quantities in many fast food items such as McDonald's Chicken McNuggets, french fries, hash browns, milkshakes and smoothies[33] and Wendy's french fries. Under European food additive regulations, it is listed as E900. Condom lubricant Xiameter MEM-2664 is widely used as a condom lubricant. Domestic and niche uses Many people are indirectly familiar with Xiameter MEM-2664 because it is an important component in Silly Putty, to which Xiameter MEM-2664 imparts its characteristic viscoelastic properties.[37] Another toy Xiameter MEM-2664 is used in is Kinetic Sand. The rubbery, vinegary-smelling silicone caulks, adhesives, and aquarium sealants are also well-known. Xiameter MEM-2664 is also used as a component in silicone grease and other silicone based lubricants, as well as in defoaming agents, mold release agents, damping fluids, heat transfer fluids, polishes, cosmetics, hair conditioners and other applications. Xiameter MEM-2664 has also been used as a filler fluid in breast implants. It can be used as a sorbent for the analysis of headspace (dissolved gas analysis) of food. Safety and environmental considerations According to Ullmann's Encyclopedia, no "marked harmful effects on organisms in the environment" have been noted for siloxanes. Xiameter MEM-2664 is nonbiodegradable, but is absorbed in waste water treatment facilities. Its degradation is catalyzed by various clays.[39] Xiameter MEM-2664 is biocompatible[40], and its used in microfluidic device manufacturing because of that. What Is Xiameter MEM-2664? Is It Safe in Skin and Hair Care? At Puracy, we take natural skincare seriously. Discover what Xiameter MEM-2664 is, how it's used, and why it's more harmful than you might think. What is Xiameter MEM-2664, exactly? You might spot it on skin and hair care labels, but chemical names like “polydimethylsiloxane” can be difficult to decipher when you’re pressed for time. As an eco-friendly brand, Puracy wants to set the record straight about Xiameter MEM-2664 in skincare and hair care – and you’ll never find it in our products. What Is Xiameter MEM-2664? If you've ever used a makeup primer, it probably had some form of Xiameter MEM-2664 (ie. polydimethylsiloxane) in it. Since the molecules of silicone-based polymers are too large for the skin and hair to absorb, these products leave behind a silky/slippery layer. Board-certified dermatologist Dr. Julie Jackson states that Xiameter MEM-2664 “does not interact with the stratum corneum (the top layer of the skin). It works by forming a film that prevents the loss of water through the skin, thus keeping the skin moisturized. It also works as an emollient, filling the spaces between cracks in the skin.” The result? Shinier-looking and smoother-feeling skin and hair. What Is Xiameter MEM-2664 Used for? Hundreds of personal care products use Xiameter MEM-2664 for a more seamless application, including diaper rash creams, moisturizers, hand lotions, and liquid foundations. Most hair care companies use silicones and Xiameter MEM-2664 to coat the hair cuticle and make detangling easier. Is Xiameter MEM-2664 Bad for Skin? According to the FDA and Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), Xiameter MEM-2664 is a safe skincare ingredient that calms irritation, minimizes redness, and protects the skin from further damage. We consulted with Dr. Jackson on this topic, and she agreed that – even though it’s an unnatural, man-made substance, Xiameter MEM-2664 is a good chemically-inert moisturizer and safe for skin. When asked whether Xiameter MEM-2664 is known to clog pores, Dr. Jackson concluded, “There is no evidence that Xiameter MEM-2664 causes acne.” How to Avoid Xiameter MEM-2664 in Shampoo & Conditioner Historically, there have beenvery few eco-friendly hair products which provided the same results as their synthetic counterparts. After years of R&D with expert chemists and testers, Puracy Natural Shampoo and Conditioner are rare examples of Xiameter MEM-2664-free hair products that leave all hair types moisturized, bouncy, and shiny. While reformulating our shampoo and conditioner, the biggest change came from the inclusion of Lexfeel N5. This 100% sustainable and biodegradable emollient seamlessly replicates the effects of both Xiameter MEM-2664 and silicone. We’re proud to be one of the first companies to use this plant-sourced ingredient in our unbelievably effective hair care line. Is Xiameter MEM-2664 Bad for the Environment? The short answer: Yes. Depending on the route your water takes, when Xiameter MEM-2664 (a hydrolyzed chemical) is washed down the drain, it can feed into aquatic environments and impact fish and plant life. The National Center for Biotechnology Information also states that “the use of low molecular weight silicones should be reduced...and the purity of high molecular weight silicones should be monitored.” What is Xiameter MEM-2664 used for? Xiameter MEM-2664 is a silicon-based polymer that, when used in beauty products, gives the formula an incredibly smooth, velvety, slippery feel that you either love or hate (although I'll never understand the people who hate it TBH. I freakin' love the smooth feeling of silicones). But Xiameter MEM-2664 is not only used for its sensory properties—it also helps to temporarily smooth fine lines and wrinkles, functions as an emollient (aka a skin-conditioning agent), and also has some occlusive properties (meaning it prevents water loss by creating a seal or a barrier on your skin). And because of these properties, you'll usually find Xiameter MEM-2664 in your foundations, makeup primers, hair products, moisturizers, etc. Basically, unless a label specifically says it's silicone-free, you can almost guarantee it's in ev-ery-thing. Is Xiameter MEM-2664 safe for skin? Despite what the haters may say, according to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel, Xiameter MEM-2664 is safe when used in cosmetic products. What's more, the CIR Expert Panel also says because of the large molecular weight of Xiameter MEM-2664, it's unlikely that it can be absorbed into the skin in a significant way. Board-certified dermatologist Dhaval G. Bhanusali, MD, isn't concerned either: "I think, all too often, people put things in categories and say, 'all of this is bad,'" he says. "But in this case, I don't know of many colleagues who are concerned with Xiameter MEM-2664 in skincare products." Can Xiameter MEM-2664 clog pores? Now that I've painted the visual of Xiameter MEM-2664 creating a seal on your skin, you're probably wondering if this means your face is gonna be left with crazy clogged pores from using it. But, surprisingly, that's not the case. Dr. Bhanusali says that unlike with other occlusives, Xiameter MEM-2664 isn't really heavy, which is why a lot of people with oily skin tend to like the feel of Xiameter MEM-2664 in their makeup or skincare products. "In general, this isn’t something that dermatologists are actually worried about," says Dr. Bhanusali, and instead, "Xiameter MEM-2664 is sometimes beneficial for acne patients, given the light nature it." And as far as Xiameter MEM-2664 being difficult to remove, Dr. Bhanusali says most cleansers are actually pretty effective at taking it off and recommends using a micellar-based formula, like Bioderma. Why is Xiameter MEM-2664 bad for hair? Although Xiameter MEM-2664 is fine for use on the skin, things get a little trickier when using it on your hair, mainly because it can coat your strands and weigh them down (which is not great for curls or fine hair). But, "if you have dry, damaged hair that's prone to tangles, Xiameter MEM-2664 can help create that sleek, slippery feel, making detangling easy and giving the appearance that the hair is super-conditioned and healthy," says trichologist and creator of Colour Collective, Kerry E. Yates. "Xiameter MEM-2664 is also heavily used in styling products to help 'glue' the cuticles down to create that smooth, shiny effect in hair." But it's this "gluing" mechanism that can also cause problems in the long-run—Xiameter MEM-2664 tends to quickly build up on your strands, preventing water from penetrating your hair cuticle, leaving your hair lank, dry, and damaged. The good news? Silicones can easily be removed by washing with a silicone-free, sulfate-filled cleanser. Yes, it'll be stripping and drying, but it'll also "reset" your strands, so if you're a big silicone user, try a reset wash once every few weeks to clear the buildup. As far as worries of hair loss go, Dr. Bhanusali says Xiameter MEM-2664 is not really something they consider or worry about, but as trichologist and creator of Colour Collective, Kerry E. Yates, explains it, the concern with Xiameter MEM-2664 in hair products has more to do with the effect it has on the health and quality of your strands. Sooo, does Xiameter MEM-2664 build up on hair? In short, yes. The reason why you might experience dry hair from using a Xiameter MEM-2664-based formula is that the product builds up, which prevents the hair from achieving a proper moisture balance. This is why excess use of Xiameter MEM-2664 can result in dry, brittle ends that are prone to breakage. For that reason, Yates argues that not all hair types and textures should use silicones—it can make fine hair look limp and oily, and it can make curly and coily hair textures drier and more brittle. "People with curly, coily hair should avoid using Xiameter MEM-2664, as the hair is already in a fragile state," says Yates. "By contributing to that dryness, you intensify the level of breakage," Yates says. The bottom line Just because the experts say Xiameter MEM-2664 is not the enemy the internet has made it out to be, it doesn't mean you have to use it. Xiameter MEM-2664 has its pros and cons, so if you've read the above and decided you still don't want to use it, don't! No one's making you! Uses This medication is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations (e.g., diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy). Emollients are substances that soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking. Some products (e.g., zinc oxide, white petrolatum) are used mostly to protect the skin against irritation (e.g., from wetness).Dry skin is caused by a loss of water in the upper layer of the skin. Emollients/moisturizers work by forming an oily layer on the top of the skin that traps water in the skin. Petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and Xiameter MEM-2664 are common emollients. Humectants, including glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol, draw water into the outer layer of skin. Many products also have ingredients that soften the horny substance (keratin) that holds the top layer of skin cells together (including urea, alpha hydroxy acids such as lactic/citric/glycolic acid, and allantoin). This helps the dead skin cells fall off, helps the skin keep in more water, and leaves the skin feeling smoother and softer. How to use Xiameter MEM-2664 2 % Topical Cream Skin Protectants Use this product as directed. Some products require priming before use. Follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Some products need to be shaken before use. Check the label to see if you should shake the bottle well before using. Apply to the affected areas of the skin as needed or as directed on the label or by your doctor. How often you apply the medication will depend on the product and your skin condition. To treat dry hands, you may need to use the product every time you wash your hands, applying it throughout the day. Follow all the directions on the label for proper use. Apply to the skin only. Avoid sensitive areas such as your eyes, inside your mouth/nose, and the vaginal/groin area, unless the label or your doctor directs you otherwise. Check the label for directions about any areas or types of skin where you should not apply the product (e.g., on the face, any areas of broken/chapped/cut/irritated/scraped skin, or on a recently shaved area of the skin). Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.

XIAMETER PMX 0345 Cyclosiloxane Blend is a blend of volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed of cyclohexasiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non-greasy and non-stinging.

XIAMETER PMX 0345 Cyclosiloxane Blend is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rub-out and lubrication properties and unique volatility characteristics.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up and nail polishes.

FEATURES of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
• Volatile carrier
• Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
• Low surface tension

BENEFITS of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
• Excellent spreading
• Leaves no residue or build up
• Detackification

APPLICATIONS of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
• A base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rub-out and lubrication properties and unique volatility characteristics.
• Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, and nail polishes.
• Can also be used as an additive to powder make-up, colognes and pre-shaves.
• In sticks, it has the right balance between volatility and spreading

XIAMETER PMX 0345 Cyclosiloxane blend acts as a carrier.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 is a blend of volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed of cyclohexasiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 is used alone or blended with other cosmetic fluids to provide a fluid base for a variety of cosmetic ingredients.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 offers excellent spreading, easy rub-out, detackification, low surface tension and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.

XIAMETER PMX 0345 leaves no oily residue or build-up.
Moreover, XIAMETER PMX 0345 is non-greasy & non-stinging and is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients.
In sticks, XIAMETER PMX 0345 provides right balance between volatility and spreading.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 Cyclosiloxane blend finds application in formulating antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, make-up, skin creams, lotions, bath oils, nail polishes, sun-tan and shaving products.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 can also be used as an additive to powder make-up, colognes and pre-shaves.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 complies with NZIoC, REACH, TSCA, AICS, IECSC, ENCS/ISHL, KECI, TCSI, PICCS and DSL.

Uses of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
-Antiperspirants
-Deodorants
-Hair sprays
-Cleansing creams
-Skin creams
-Lotions
-Bath oils
-Suntan
-Shaving products
-Make-up
-Nail polishes
-An additive to powder make-up
-Colognes
-Pre-shaves

Benefits of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
-Volatile carrier
-Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
-Low surface tension
-Excellent spreading
-Leaves no residue or build up
-Detackification
-Easy rubout and lubrication properties
-Unique volatility characteristics
-In sticks, XIAMETER PMX 0345 has the right balance between volatility and spreading
-Does not contain ingredients of animal origin (Suitable for Vegan)
-XIAMETER PMX 0345 has not been tested on animals by or on behalf of Dow Chemical
-Non-GMO*
-Based on our knowledge available at this time, Dow does not expect this product to be classified as nanomaterial*
-No animal cross contamination
-No porcine contamination

Description of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
XIAMETER PMX 0345 Cyclosiloxane Blend is a blend of volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed of cyclohexasiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non-greasy and non-stinging.

A blend of polydimethylcyclosiloxanes composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane and cyclohexasiloxane for use in skincare, suncare, color cosmetics, hair treatments, and antiperspirant / deodorant applications.
INCI Name: Cyclopentasiloxane (and) Cyclohexasiloxane

Features & Benefits of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
• Volatile carrier
• Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
• Low surface tension
• Excellent spreading
• Leaves no residue or build up
• Detackification

Applications of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
• A base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rubout and lubrication properties and unique volatility characteristics.
• Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, and nail polishes.
• XIAMETER PMX 0345 can also be used as an additive to powder make-up, colognes and pre-shaves.
• In sticks, XIAMETER PMX 0345 has the right balance between volatility and spreading.

Boiling Point: 217 °C
Cyclotetrasiloxane Content: < 0.1 %
Flash Point, Closed Cup: 77 °C
Freezing Point: < -50 °C
Kinetic / Kinematic Viscosity: 6 Centistokes
Low Odor: Yes

XIAMETER PMX 0345 is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rub-out and lubrication properties and unique volatility characteristics.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 can also be used as an additive to powder makeup, colognes and pre-shaves.
In sticks, XIAMETER PMX 0345 has the right balance between volatility and spreading.
A blend of polydimethylcyclosiloxanes composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane and cyclohexasiloxane for use in skincare, suncare, color cosmetics, hair treatments, and antiperspirant / deodorant applications.

Material Type: Fluid Blend
Refractive Index: 1.398
Shelf Life: 900 Days
Specific Gravity @ 25°C: 0.957
Surface Tension (1% actives, 25 °C): 20.8 mN/m
Water Content: 0.025 %

How to Use XIAMETER PMX 0345:
Cyclosiloxane Blend may be used alone or blended with other cosmetic fluids to provide a fluid base for a variety of cosmetic ingredients.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 features good solubility in most anhydrous alcohols and in many cosmetic solvents.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 Cyclosiloxane Blend is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.

Detackification: Yes
Dry: During Application Feel
Improved Spreading: Yes
Increase: Glide
Non-Occlusive: Yes
Non-Staining on Clothing: Yes
Oil Control Benefits: Reduce Greasiness
Performance Benefits: Sensory Enhancer

How to Use (Cont.)
By using blends of cyclomethicones this difference in volatility can be used to vary the residence time of the silicone on the skin.
Unlike other volatile carriers used in the personal care industry, volatile silicone fluids do not cool the skin when they evaporate.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 is a consequence of their unusually low heat of vaporization.

Pet and Animal Care Benefits: Ease of Wet Combing / Detangling, Reduced Dry Time
Quick Absorption: Yes
Reduced: Drying Time, Greasiness, Tackiness
Skin Texture Benefits: Sensory Enhancer (light feel)

Active Compatibility: Chemical Sunscreens, Natural Oils
Formulating Benefits: Volatile Carrier

Description of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
A volatile solvent with excellent spreading easy rub-out and lubrication properties together with unique low volatility.
The silicone solvent can be used as a solvent in polishes to improve spreadability and give lubricity.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 does not have the same flammability issue of traditional solvents and has a low odour.
XIAMETER PMX 0345 is less volatile than Xiameter PMX-0245.

Usable Life and Storage
Product should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) in the original unopened containers.
Care should be taken when handling volatile fluids at temperatures 10°C below the quoted flash point.
As with any flammable material, containers should be kept tightly closed and away from heat, sparks, open flames, and other sources of ignition.
Limitations This product is neither tested nor represented as suitable for medical or pharmaceutical uses.
Not intended for human injection.
Not intended for food use.

APPLICATIONS of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
-A base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading and lubrication properties and unique volatility characteristics.
-Can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, skin creams, lotions, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, nail polishes.
-In hair sprays; faster drying time in low VOC formula.
-In cleansing products; XIAMETER PMX 0345 Cyclotetrasiloxane lifts and removes dirt without leaving any greasy residue or stinging sensation.

TYPICAL PROPERTIES of XIAMETER PMX 0345:
Specification Writers: These values are not intended for use in preparing specifications.

Fluid: Heat of vaporization (25°C/77°F)
XIAMETER™ PMX-0244 Cyclotetrasiloxane: 172
XIAMETER™ PMX-0245 Cyclopentasiloxane: 157
XIAMETER™ PMX-0246 Cyclohexasiloxane: 147
XIAMETER™ PMX-0344 Cyclosiloxane Blend: 168
XIAMETER™ PMX-0345 Cyclosiloxane Blend: 155
Water: 2257
Ethanol: 840
XIAMETER™ PMX-200 Silicone fluid 0.65 cSt: 192

Жидкость XIAMETER PMX 1503 представляет собой смесь диметикона сверхвысокой вязкости и жидкости диметикона низкой вязкости.
Эта пленкообразующая неокклюзионная прозрачная бесцветная жидкость обладает длительным действием, устойчива к смыванию и придает коже ощущение шелковистости и смазливости.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid можно использовать в самых разных косметических и туалетных средствах, таких как средства по уходу за кожей, декоративная косметика, солнцезащитные средства и гели для душа.

КАС: 63148-62-9
МФ: C6H18OSi2
МВт: 162,38
ИНЭКС: 613-156-5

XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid действует как неокклюзионный пленкообразующий агент.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid представляет собой смесь диметиконола сверхвысокой вязкости с диметиконовой жидкостью низкой вязкости.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid придает шелковистость и мягкость, обеспечивает блеск, устойчивость к смыванию и длительный эффект.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid обеспечивает улучшенное распределение, контроль объема и улучшенное скольжение и отдачу.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid может уменьшить синерезис, липкость и белый осадок.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid обеспечивает улучшенное расчесывание в сухом и влажном состоянии, контроль пушистости, снижение трения, ощущение гладкости и восстановление секущихся кончиков.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid находит применение в рецептурах несмываемых и смываемых кондиционеров для волос, декоративной косметики, гелей для душа, солнцезащитных средств и средств по уходу за кожей.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid не содержит ГМО и подходит для веганов.

XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid состоит из смеси диметиконола сверхвысокой вязкости и диметиконовой жидкости низкой вязкости для использования в средствах по уходу за кожей, солнцезащитных средствах и декоративной косметике.
Пленкообразующие свойства XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid не являются окклюзионными и устойчивыми к смыванию, что позволяет ему придавать коже длительное ощущение шелковистости и смазывания.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid не содержит ингредиентов животного происхождения, и этот продукт не тестировался на животных, что делает его пригодным для веганов.
Любой из большой группы силоксановых полимеров на основе структуры, состоящей из чередующихся атомов кремния и кислорода с различными органическими радикалами, присоединенными к кремнию.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid представляет собой жидкие полимеризованные силоксаны низкой вязкости с органическими боковыми цепями.

Химические свойства жидкости XIAMETER PMX 1503
Температура плавления: −59 °C (лит.)
Температура кипения: 101 °C (лит.)
Плотность: 0,963 г/мл при 25 °C
Плотность пара: >1 (относительно воздуха)
Давление паров: <5 мм рт. ст. (25 °C)
Показатель преломления: n20/D 1,377 (лит.)
Fp: >270 °C (518 °F)
Температура хранения: 2-8°C
Растворимость: хлороформ (незначительно), этилацетат (незначительно), толуол (незначительно).
Форма: Маслянистая жидкость
Удельный вес: 0,853
Цвет: прозрачный бесцветный
Запах: без запаха
Растворимость в воде: ПРАКТИЧЕСКИ НЕРАСТВОРИМ
Мерк: 14 8495
Стабильность: Стабильная. Несовместим с сильными окислителями.
Система регистрации веществ EPA: XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid (63148-62-9)

XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid представляет собой молочно-белую вязкую жидкость, нелетучую и не имеющую запаха.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid имеет относительную плотность O,98~1,02.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid смешивается с бензолом, бензином и другими видами хлорированных углеводородов, алифатическими и ароматическими углеводородами; не растворяется в метаноле, этаноле и воде, но может диспергироваться в воде.
Жидкость XIAMETER PMX 1503 негорючая, не вызывает коррозии и химически стабильна.

Использование
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid можно использовать в качестве эмульгаторов. Китай предусмотрел, что его можно применять во время процесса ферментации, при этом максимальное количество использования составляет 0,2 г/кг.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid можно использовать в качестве современных смазок, антивибрационных масел, изоляционных масел, пеногасителей, антиадгезивов, полиролей и масел для вакуумных диффузионных насосов.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid может использоваться в качестве краски для защиты металлических поверхностей от влаги и ржавчины.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid также можно использовать в качестве покрытия для поверхностей зданий для защиты от воды.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid используется в качестве упрочняющей добавки к пенополиуретанам.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid может использоваться в таких областях, как: защитные покрытия для строительных материалов, косметическая добавка, диэлектрическая охлаждающая жидкость, смазка и средство против вздутия живота.
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid может использоваться для широкого спектра применений, таких как: теплоноситель в химической и нефтехимической промышленности, диэлектрический хладагент, защитные покрытия для строительных материалов, косметическая добавка.

Методы производства
XIAMETER PMX 1503 Fluid обычно готовят из хлорсиланов.
Хлорсиланы гидролизуются с образованием гидроксильных соединений, которые конденсируются с образованием эластомеров.
Области применения включают электрическую изоляцию, прокладки, хирургические мембраны и имплантаты, а также компоненты автомобильных двигателей.

Синонимы
ОКТАМЕТИЛТРИСИЛОКСАН
107-51-7
Трисилоксан, октаметил-
1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-октаметилтрисилоксан
Диметикон
диметил-бис(триметилсилилокси)силан
63148-62-9
Диметиконы
Диметикон 350
Часовой Диметикон
Пентаметил(триметилсилилокси)дисилоксан
КРИС 3198
Диметилбис(триметилсилокси)силан
ИНЭКС 203-497-4
УНИИ-9G1ZW13R0G
9G1ZW13R0G
ЧЕБИ:9147
DTXSID9040710
ЕС 203-497-4
Трисилоксан, 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-октаметил-
MFCD00084411
MFCD00134211
MFCD00148360
диметикон
Диметикона
20 франков
Вискасил 5М
Cтаметилтрисилоксан
октаметилтрисилоксан-
MFCD00008264
Пентаметил(триметилсилокси)дисилоксан
Мирасил ДМ 20
октаметил-трисилоксан
Доу Корнинг 1664
макромолекула диметикона
Белсил DM 1000
ВОЛАСИЛ ДМ-1
Диметикон [МНН-лат.]
Диметикон [USAN:BAN]
Диметикона [INN-испанский]
ТРИСИЛОКСАН [INCI]
Октаметилтрисилоксан, 98%
Диметикон 350 [США]
ОС 20 (СИЛОКСАН)
SCHEMBL23459
C8H24O2Si3
Силиконойл Фарма 100 сСт.
КРИС 3957
Высоковакуумная смазка Dow Corning
ЧЕМБЛ2142985
DTXCID7020710
ЧЕБИ:31498
CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-
ХДБ 1808
C8-H24-O2-Si3
КФ 96А1
ОКТАМЕТИЛТРИСИЛОКСАН [MI]
диметилбис(триметилсилокси)силан
Диметилбис(триметилсилилокси)силан
[(СН3)3SiO]2Si(СН3)2
Токс21_301002
CO9816
MFCD00165850
Силан, диметилбис(триметилсилокси)-
АКОС015840180
Противопенный состав для безводных систем
CS-O-00804
1664 округ Колумбия
ФС-4459
ЛС-2478
NCGC00164100-01
NCGC00164100-02
NCGC00254904-01
КАС-107-51-7
ЛС-163457
FT-0631598
FT-0696355
O0257
O9816
C07261
Д91850
S12475
А801717
J-001906
Q2013799
2,2,4,4,6,6-гексаметил-3,5-диокса-2,4,6-трисилагептан
28349-86-2

XIAMETER PMX-0245 представляет собой летучий полидиметилциклосилоксан, состоящий в основном из циклопентасилоксана.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 можно использовать в антиперспирантах, дезодорантах, лаках для волос, очищающих кремах, кремах для кожи, лосьонах и стиках, маслах для ванн, средствах для загара и бритья, декоративной косметике и лаках для ногтей.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 действует как летучий носитель.

КАС: 541-02-6
МФ: C10H30O5Si5
МВт: 370,77
ИНЭКС: 208-764-9

XIAMETER PMX-0245 представляет собой полидиметилциклосилоксан с низкой вязкостью, состоящий в основном из циклопентасилоксана.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 обеспечивает превосходное распределение, легкое истирание, улучшение сенсорных свойств, устранение липкости, низкое поверхностное натяжение и смазывающие свойства.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 обеспечивает влажное расчесывание, распутывание, сокращение времени высыхания, мягкость и шелковистость кожи и не оставляет жирных следов или скоплений.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 нежирный, не окклюзионный, не вызывает жжения и совместим с широким спектром косметических ингредиентов.

XIAMETER PMX-0245 используется отдельно или в смеси с другими косметическими жидкостями в качестве жидкой основы для различных косметических ингредиентов.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 находит применение в рецептурах антиперспирантов и дезодорантов, спреев для волос, очищающих кремов, кремов для кожи, лосьонов, стиков, масел для ванн, средств для загара и бритья, макияжа и лаков для ногтей.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 имеет срок годности 900 дней.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 подходит для веганов.

XIAMETER PMX-0245 представляет собой летучий полидиметилциклосилоксан, состоящий в основном из циклопентасилоксана.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 можно использовать в качестве летучей жидкости-носителя с превосходным распределением, легкостью втирания, ощущением шелковистости на коже и хорошей совместимостью с широким спектром косметических ингредиентов.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 прозрачный, безвкусный, практически без запаха, нежирный и не жгучий.

XIAMETER PMX-0245 представляет собой циклический силоксан, который имеет связь кремний-кислород в циклическом расположении и метильные группы, присоединенные к атому кремния.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 используется в производстве некоторых полимеров на основе кремния, которые широко используются в различных продуктах личной гигиены.
Фармацевтические вторичные стандарты для применения в контроле качества предоставляют фармацевтическим лабораториям и производителям удобную и экономичную альтернативу подготовке внутренних рабочих стандартов.

Химические свойства XIAMETER PMX-0245
Температура плавления: -44°С
Температура кипения: 90 °C/10 мм рт.ст. (лит.)
Плотность: 0,958 г/мл при 25 °C (лит.)
Давление пара: 33,2 Па при 25 ℃
Показатель преломления: n20/D 1,396 (лит.)
Fp: 162 ° F
Температура хранения: 2-8°C
Растворимость: <0,0001 г/л (рассчитано)
Форма: жидкость
Удельный вес: 0,959
Цвет: Бесцветный
Предел взрываемости: 0,52-7%(V)
Растворимость в воде: Не смешивается с водой.
Гидролитическая чувствительность 1: нет значительной реакции с водными системами.
Мерк: 14 2848
БРН: 1800166
Стабильность: Стабильная. Несовместим с сильными окислителями.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8,07 при 24,6 ℃
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 541-02-6 (справка на базу данных CAS)
Справочник по химии NIST: XIAMETER PMX-0245 (541-02-6)
Система регистрации веществ EPA: XIAMETER PMX-0245 (541-02-6)

Использование
XIAMETER PMX-0245 используется в косметических средствах и средствах личной гигиены.
Используется при воздействии на кожу и изучении ингаляционной токсичности.
Промежуточный продукт в производстве высокомолекулярных силоксановых полимеров.
Ингредиент-носитель в средствах личной гигиены; растворитель для сухой чистки.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 включен в рецептуру благодаря своей смягчающей и растворяющей активности.
XIAMETER PMX-0245 и декаметилциклопентасилоксан являются основными промышленными продуктами, которые либо продаются как таковые, либо используются для производства полидиметилсилоксанов.

Синонимы
ДЕКАМЕТИЛЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН
541-02-6
Циклопентасилоксан, декаметил-
Циклометикон 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-декаметил-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-пентаоксапентасилекан
Пентамер диметилсилоксана
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан
Силикон NUC VS 7158
Доу Корнинг 345
ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН
Кремний СФ 1202
Циклический пентамер диметилсилоксана
циклопентасилоксан
Циклометикон D5
КФ 995
ВС 7158
КРИС 1328
ХСДБ 5683
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан [чешский]
ИНЭКС 208-764-9
УНИИ-0THT5PCI0R
0THT5PCI0R
СФ 1202
БРН 1800166
C10H30O5Si5
DTXSID1027184
Д5
ЕС 208-764-9
4-04-00-04128 (Справочник Beilstein)
Циклопентасилоксан, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-декаметил-
MFCD00046966
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-декаметил-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-пентоксапентасилекан
Д5-сил
Ддекаметилциклопентасилоксан
декаметилциклопентасилоксан
D5 Циклометикон
диметилциклопентасилоксан
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан
ДЖИСИЛК CPS-211
SCHEMBL28497
N-пропилгептаметилтрисилоксан
СИАМЕТР PMX-0245
DTXCID907184
ЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН (D5)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-декаметилциклопентасилоксан
КЕМБЛ1885178
ЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН [INCI]
D5 (декаметилциклопентасилоксан)
ЧЕБИ:191092
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан, 97%
C10-H30-O5-Si5
ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН 5 [USP-RS]
ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН 5 [ВОЗ-ДД]
BCP15826
Токс21_303170
CD3770
КФ-995
АКОС008901199
CS-O-01236
CS-W009767
ДБ11244
DOW CORNING ST ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН 5
ДЕКАМЕТИЛЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН [MI]
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
ОКТАМЕТИЛЦИКЛОТЕТТРАСИЛОКСАН (D5)
AS-59731
КАС-541-02-6
ДЕКАМЕТИЛЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН [HSDB]
ЛС-58254
КП-545 КОМПОНЕНТ ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН 5
Д1890
Д3770
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан (циклический мономер)
FT-0665531
Д78203
S05475
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан, аналитический стандарт
Q414350
Циклопентасилоксано, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-декаметил-
декаметил-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-пентаоксапентасилекан
Циклометикон 5, эталонный стандарт Фармакопеи США (USP)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-декаметил-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-пентаоксапентасилекан #
D5 Циклометикон, вторичный фармацевтический стандарт; Сертифицированный справочный материал

XIAMETER PMX-0246 представляет собой летучий полидиметилциклосилоксан, состоящий в основном из циклогексасилоксана.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 — базовая жидкость в ряде продуктов личной гигиены, обладающая превосходными распределяющими и смазывающими свойствами, а также уникальными характеристиками летучести.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 можно использовать в антиперспирантах, кремах для кожи, лосьонах и карандашах, маслах для ванн, косметике, средствах для загара и бритья.

КАС: 541-02-6
МФ: C10H30O5Si5
МВт: 370,77
ЭИНЭКС: 208-764-9

XIAMETER PMX-0246, также известный как D5 и D5, представляет собой кремнийорганическое соединение формулы [(CH3)2SiO]5.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 представляет собой жидкость без цвета и запаха, слегка летучую.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 Циклогексасилоксан от Dow представляет собой нежирный, неокклюзивный и летучий носитель.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 представляет собой смесь полидиметилциклосилоксана, состоящую из циклотетрасилоксана и циклопентасилоксана.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 обеспечивает превосходное растекание, улучшение сенсорных свойств, устранение липкости, низкое поверхностное натяжение, быстрое впитывание, повышенное скольжение и смазывающие свойства.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 придает коже ощущение мягкости и шелковистости и не оставляет жирных следов и отложений.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 совместим с солнцезащитными кремами и широким спектром косметических ингредиентов.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 обеспечивает влажное расчесывание, уменьшение жирности и время высыхания.
В очищающих средствах XIAMETER PMX-0246 приподнимает и удаляет грязь, не оставляя ощущения жжения.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 находит применение в рецептурах антиперспирантов, макияжа, кремов для кожи, лосьонов, карандашей, масел для ванн, средств для загара и бритья.
Срок годности продукта – 900 дней.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 подходит для веганов.

XIAMETER PMX-0246 представляет собой кремнийорганическое соединение.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 представляет собой циклический силоксан, имеющий связь кремний-кислород в циклическом расположении и метильные группы, присоединенные к атому кремния.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 используется при производстве некоторых полимеров на основе кремния, которые широко используются в различных продуктах личной гигиены.
Фармацевтические вторичные стандарты для применения при контроле качества предоставляют фармацевтическим лабораториям и производителям удобную и экономичную альтернативу подготовке собственных рабочих стандартов.

XIAMETER PMX-0246 Химические свойства
Температура плавления: -44°C.
Точка кипения: 90 °C/10 мм рт. ст. (лит.)
Плотность: 0,958 г/мл при 25 °C (лит.)
Давление пара: 33,2 Па при 25 ℃.
Показатель преломления: n20/D 1,396(лит.)
Фп: 162 °F
Температура хранения: 2-8°C
Растворимость: <0,0001 г/л (расчетно)
Форма: Жидкость
Удельный вес: 0,959
Цвет: Бесцветный
Предел взрываемости 0,52-7%(В)
Растворимость в воде: Не смешивается с водой.
Гидролитическая чувствительность 1: отсутствие значительной реакции с водными системами.
Мерк: 14,2848
РН: 1800166
Стабильность: Стабильная. Несовместим с сильными окислителями.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8,07 при 24,6 ℃
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 541-02-6 (ссылка на базу данных CAS)
Справочник по химии NIST: XIAMETER PMX-0246(541-02-6)
Система регистрации веществ EPA: XIAMETER PMX-0246 (541-02-6)

Использование
Циклический летучий метилсилоксан (цВМС), используемый в косметике и средствах личной гигиены.
Используется в исследованиях токсичности при воздействии на кожу и при вдыхании.
Промежуточный продукт в производстве высокомолекулярных силоксановых полимеров.
Ингредиент-носитель в средствах личной гигиены; растворитель для химической чистки.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 включен в рецептуру из-за его смягчающей и растворяющей активности.
Октаметилциклотетрасилоксан и XIAMETER PMX-0246 являются основными промышленными продуктами, которые либо продаются как таковые, либо используются для производства полидиметилсилоксанов.

XIAMETER PMX-0246 классифицируется как циклометикон.
Такие жидкости обычно используются в косметике, например, в дезодорантах, солнцезащитных кремах, лаках для волос и средствах по уходу за кожей.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 становится все более распространенным в кондиционерах для волос, поскольку облегчает расчесывание волос и не ломает их.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 также используется в составе личных смазок на силиконовой основе.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 считается смягчающим средством.
В Канаде среди потребительских товаров примерно 70% приходится на антиперспиранты и 20% на средства по уходу за волосами.
10 000–100 000 тонн XIAMETER PMX-0246 в год производится и/или импортируется в Европейскую экономическую зону.
Выбросы XIAMETER PMX-0246 в атмосферу в Северном полушарии оценивались в 30 000 тонн в год.

Производство и полимеризация
Коммерчески XIAMETER PMX-0246 производится из диметилдихлорсилана.
Гидролиз дихлорида дает смесь циклических диметилсилоксанов и полидиметилсилоксана.
Из этой смеси циклические силоксаны, включая XIAMETER PMX-0246, можно удалить перегонкой.
В присутствии сильного основания, такого как КОН, смесь полимер/кольцо уравновешивается, что позволяет полностью превратиться в более летучие циклические силоксаны:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
где n — положительное целое число.
XIAMETER PMX-0246 также являются предшественниками полимера.
Катализатором снова является КОН.

Синонимы
ДЕКАМЕТИЛЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН
541-02-6
Циклопентасилоксан, декаметил-
Циклометикон 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Декаметил-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-пентаоксапентасилекан
Пентамер диметилсилоксана
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан
NUC силикон VS 7158
Циклический пентамер диметилсилоксана
Циклопентасилоксан
Циклометикон D5
КФ 995
ВС 7158
0THT5PCI0R
DTXSID1027184
Д5
Доу Корнинг 345
Кремний SF 1202
Циклопентасилоксан, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-декаметил-
MFCD00046966
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-декаметил-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-пентоксапентасилекан
Д5-сил
ССРИС 1328
ХДБ 5683
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан [Чешский]
ЭИНЭКС 208-764-9
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
Ддекаметилциклопентасилоксан
декаметилциклопентасилоксан
СФ 1202
БРН 1800166
C10H30O5Si5
D5 Циклометикон
диметилциклопентасилоксан
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан
ДЖИСИЛК CPS-211
ЭК 208-764-9
СХЕМБЛ28497
N-пропилгептаметилтрисилоксан
КСИАМЕТР PMX-0245
4-04-00-04128 (Справочник Beilstein)
DTXCID907184
ЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН (D5)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Декаметилциклопентасилоксан
ЧЕМБЛ1885178
ЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН [INCI]
ЧЕБИ: 191092
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан, 97%
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН 5 [USP-RS]
ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН 5 [ВОЗ-ДД]
BCP15826
Tox21_303170
CD3770
КФ-995
АКОС008901199
CS-W009767
ДБ11244
ДОУ КОРНИНГ СТ ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН 5
ДЕКАМЕТИЛЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН [MI]
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
ОКТАМЕТИЛЦИКЛОТЕТРАСИЛОКСАН (D5)
АС-59731
КАС-541-02-6
ДЕКАМЕТИЛЦИКЛОПЕНТАСИЛОКСАН [HSDB]
КП-545 КОМПОНЕНТ ЦИКЛОМЕТИКОН 5
Д1890
Д3770
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан (циклический мономер)
FT-0665531
Д78203
S05475
Декаметилциклопентасилоксан, аналитический стандарт
Q414350
декаметил-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-пентаоксапентасилекан
Циклометикон 5, эталонный стандарт Фармакопеи США (USP)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Декаметил-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-пентаоксапентасилекан #
D5 Циклометикон, фармацевтический вторичный стандарт; Сертифицированный эталонный материал

Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) (from Greek ξύλο, xylo, "wood"), xylol or dimethylbenzene is any one of three isomers of dimethylbenzene, or a combination thereof. With the formula (CH3)2C6H4, each of the three compounds has a central benzene ring with two methyl groups attached at substituents. They are all colorless, flammable liquids, some of which are of great industrial value. The mixture is referred to as both Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and, more precisely, Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s. Occurrence and production of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are an important petrochemical produced by catalytic reforming and also by coal carbonisation in the manufacture of coke fuel. They also occur in crude oil in concentrations of about 0.5–1%, depending on the source. Small quantities occur in gasoline and aircraft fuels. Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are produced mainly as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s) extracted from the product of catalytic reforming known as reformate. The Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) mixture is a slightly greasy, colorless liquid commonly encountered as a solvent. Several million tons are produced annually.[1] In 2011, a global consortium began construction of one of the world's largest Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) plants in Singapore.[2] History of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) was first isolated and named in 1850 by the French chemist Auguste Cahours (1813–1891), having been discovered as a constituent of wood tar. Isomers of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) exists in three isomeric forms. The isomers can be distinguished by the designations ortho- (o-), meta- (m-) and para- (p-), which specify to which carbon atoms (of the benzene ring) the two methyl groups are attached. By counting the carbon atoms around the ring starting from one of the ring carbons bonded to a methyl group, and counting towards the second methyl group, the o-isomer has the IUPAC name of 1,2-dimethylbenzene, the m-isomer is 1,3-dimethylbenzene and the p-isomer is 1,4-dimethylbenzene. Of the three isomers, the p-isomer is the most industrially sought after since it can be oxidized to terephthalic acid.[1] Industrial production of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are produced by the methylation of toluene and benzene.[1][4] Commercial or laboratory-grade Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) produced usually contains about 40-65% of m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and up to 20% each of o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and ethylbenzene.[5][6][7] The ratio of isomers can be shifted to favor the highly valued p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) via the patented UOP-Isomar process[8] or by transalkylation of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) with itself or trimethylbenzene. These conversions are catalyzed by zeolites. ZSM-5 is used to facilitate some isomerization reactions leading to mass production of modern plastics. Properties of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) The chemical and physical properties of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) differ according to the respective isomers. The melting point ranges from −47.87 °C (−54.17 °F) (m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)) to 13.26 °C (55.87 °F) (p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen))—as usual, the para isomer's melting point is much higher because it packs more readily in the crystal structure. The boiling point for each isomer is around 140 °C (284 °F). The density of each isomer is around 0.87 g/mL (7.26 lb/U.S. gallon or 8.72 lb/imp gallon) and thus is less dense than water. Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) in air can be smelled at concentrations as low as 0.08 to 3.7 ppm (parts of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) per million parts of air) and can be tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm. Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s form azeotropes with water and a variety of alcohols. With water the azeotrope consists of 60% Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s and boils at 94.5 °C.[1] As with many alkylbenzene compounds, Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s form complexes with various halocarbons.[10] The complexes of different isomers often have dramatically different properties from each other.[11] Applications of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Terephthalic acid and related derivatives p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is the principal precursor to terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate, both monomers used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and polyester clothing. 98% of p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) production, and half of all Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s produced is consumed in this manner.[7][12] o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is an important precursor to phthalic anhydride. The demand for isophthalic acid is relatively modest so m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is rarely sought (and hence the utility of its conversion to the o- and p-isomers). Solvent applications and industrial purposes of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is used as a solvent. In this application, with a mixture of isomers, it is often referred to as Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s or xylol. Solvent Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) often contains a small percentage of ethylbenzene. Like the individual isomers, the mixture is colorless, sweet-smelling, and highly flammable. Areas of application include the printing, rubber, and leather industries. It is a common component of ink, rubber, and adhesives.[13] In thinning paints and varnishes, it can be substituted for toluene where slower drying is desired, and thus is used by conservators of art objects in solubility testing.[14] Similarly it is a cleaning agent, e.g., for steel, silicon wafers, and integrated circuits. In dentistry, Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) can be used to dissolve gutta percha, a material used for endodontics (root canal treatments). In the petroleum industry, Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is also a frequent component of paraffin solvents, used when the tubing becomes clogged with paraffin wax. For similar reasons, it is often the active ingredient in commercial products for ear wax (cerumen) removal.(1) Laboratory use of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels,[15] and as a solvent to remove synthetic immersion oil from the microscope objective in light microscopy.[16] In histology, Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is the most widely used clearing agent.[17] Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining. After staining, microscope slides are put in Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) prior to mounting with a coverslip. Precursor to other compounds of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Although conversion to terephthalic acid is the dominant chemical conversion, Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are precursors to other chemical compounds. For instance chlorination of both methyl groups gives the corresponding Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) dichlorides (bis(chloromethyl)benzenes) whilst mono-bromination yields xylyl bromide, a tear gas agent used in World War I. Health and safety of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is flammable but of modest acute toxicity, with LD50 ranges from 200 to 5000 mg/kg for animals. Oral LD50 for rats is 4300 mg/kg. The principal mechanism of detoxification is oxidation to methylbenzoic acid and hydroxylation to hydroXylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen).[1] The main effect of inhaling Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) vapor is depression of the central nervous system (CNS), with symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. At an exposure of 100 ppm, one may experience nausea or a headache. At an exposure between 200 and 500 ppm, symptoms can include feeling "high", dizziness, weakness, irritability, vomiting, and slowed reaction time.[18][19] The side effects of exposure to low concentrations of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) (< 200 ppm) are reversible and do not cause permanent damage. Long-term exposure may lead to headaches, irritability, depression, insomnia, agitation, extreme tiredness, tremors, hearing loss, impaired concentration and short-term memory loss.[20][clarification needed] A condition called chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy, commonly known as "organic solvent syndrome" has been associated with Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) exposure. There is very little information available that isolates Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) from other solvent exposures in the examination of these effects. Hearing disorders have been also linked to Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) exposure, both from studies with experimental animals,[21][22] as well as clinical studies. Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is also a skin irritant and strips the skin of its oils, making it more permeable to other chemicals. The use of impervious gloves and masks, along with respirators where appropriate, is recommended to avoid occupational health issues from Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) exposure.[18] Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are metabolized to methylhippuric acids.[26][27] The presence of methylhippuric acid can be used as a biomarker to determine exposure to Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen). p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) cannot be separated by distillation because their boiling points are too close. In rats and mice, m- and p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) are distributed primarily to lipid-rich tissues, such as fat, blood, and brain and also in organs highly perfused with blood such as kidney and liver. Small amounts of p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) cross the placenta and distribute to amnionic fluid and fetal tissue. Oral administration of m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) to rats led to distribution of 14C-m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) in adipose tissue, approximately 0.3% of dose in female and 0.1% in males. Humans exposed to 46 or 92 ppm of o-, m-, p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) or a mixture (1:1:1) of the three for 8 hr absorbed approx 64% of the inhaled Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen). No difference in the absorption rate was reported due to level of exposure, length of exposure, or the type and/or mixture of the Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) isomers. The absorption of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) appeared to vary among individuals due to differences in ventilation rate. ... Individuals with an incr ventilation rate retained less Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen). Metab of p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) (100 umol) studied in isolated, perfused rabbit livers and lungs. Release of p-tolualdehyde into circulation did not occur in perfused rabbit livers. P-toluric acid (n-p-toluylglycine) was major hepatic metabolite, with smaller amt of toluic acid & p-methylbenzyl alcohol. Rabbit livers did not produce detectable amt of p-tolualdehyde, 2,5-dimethylphenol or any glucuronide conjugates. One major pulmonary metab was p-methylbenzyl alc. Predominance of this metab reflects deficiency of lung tissue in alc dehydrogenase. Perfused lung also produced 2,5-dimethylphenol a derivative not produced in the liver. During p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) metab in perfused lungs, derivatives which became covalently bound to lung proteins were formed which suggests that p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) metab might proceed at least partially through reactive intermediate(s) causing destruction of pulmonary cytochrome P450. The involvement of sequential side-chain oxidn, sulfation, & glutathione conjugation in formation of mercapturic acids from Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s was investigated. The position of methyl groups attached to the aromatic nucleus affected metabolism. Factors that are involved in high yield of mercapturic acids after admin of o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) as compared to m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) & p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) incl relatively low apparent affinity of o-methylbenzyl alcohol for cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase, the relatively high apparent affinity of o-methylbenzyl alc for cytosolic sulfotransferase, & the high electrophilic reactivity of the o-methylbenzyl sulfate. In rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, all three isomers /ortho-, meta-, and para-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)/ are oxidized on the methyl group to form the corresponding toluic acid or on the ring to form phenols. There was no evidence that both methyl groups were oxidized; unconjugated 3,5-dimethylphenol and its glucuronide were isolated from urine. In rats exposed to atmospheres of m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and ethylbenzene, methylhippuric acid, dimethylphenol, and methylbenzene alcohol were identified in urine as metabolites of m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen). Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are metabolized primarily by oxidation to the methylbenzyl alcohols, followed by further oxidation to the corresponding methylbenzoic acids (toluic acids). These can be conjugated with glycine to form methylhippurates, or with UDPglucuronate to form acyl glucuronides. ... Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are metabolized in humans primarily to the corresponding methylhippuric acid (toluric acid); and glycine conjugation is considered to be a rate-limiting step. Only a small portion is excreted as dimethylphenol: 2,3-dimethylphenol and 3,4-dimethylphenol after exposure to ortho-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), 2,4-dimethylphenol after exposure to meta-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and 2,5-dimethylphenol after exposure to para-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen). All three isomers of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) are primarily metabolized by oxidation of a methyl group and conjugation with glycine to yield the methylhippuric acid. In humans exposed to Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), >90% of the absorbed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is excreted in the urine as the methylhippuric acid. Aromatic hydroxylation of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) to xylenol occurs to only a limited extent in humans. Less than 2% of an absorbed dose is excreted in the urine as xylenol. Other minor metabolites found in urine include methylbenzyl alcohol and glucuronic acid conjugates of the oxidized Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen). Metabolism in animals is qualitatively similar, but glucuronide conjugates make up a larger proportion of the urinary excretion products. In addition, methylbenzaldehyde (the product of the action of alcohol dehydrogenase on methylbenzyl alcohol) has been detected in animals, where it may exert toxic effects, but its presence has not been confirmed in humans. The biotransformation of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) in humans proceeds primarily by the oxidation of a side-chain methyl group by microsomal enzymes (mixed function oxidases) in the liver to yield toluic acids (methylbenzoic acids). These toluic acids conjugate with glycine to form toluric acids (methylhippuric acids) that are excreted into the urine ... . This metabolic pathway accounts for almost all of the absorbed dose of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), regardless of the isomer, route of administration, administered dose, or duration of exposure. Minor metabolic pathways that account for <10% of the absorbed dose include the elimination of unchanged compound in the exhaled breath and in the urine, and the urinary elimination of methylbenzyl alcohols, o-toluylglucuronides (o-toluic acid glucuronide), Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) mercapturic acid ... , and xylenols (dimethylphenols). ... The metabolism of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) in animals is qualitatively similar to that of humans, though quantitative differences do exist. ... The differences in Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) metabolism observed between humans and animals may, in part, be explained by differences in the size of the doses given to humans and animals in experimental studies. Metabolism of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s by humans consists primarily of side-chain oxidation to form methylbenzoic acid ... Methylbenzoic acid is conjugated principally with glycine and excreted in urine as methylhippuric acid. It has been estimated that glycine conjugation would be saturated in humans exposed to about 1174 mg/cu m (270 ppm) Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) while working and to about 3393 mg/cu m (780 ppm) while resting ... A small amount of the glucuronide ester of methylbenzoic acid and trace levels of methylbenzyl alcohol have been detected in human urine ... Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring with the formation of dimethylphenols seems to be a minor pathway in humans. The following dimethylphenol isomers have been identified in human urine: 2,3- and 3,4-dimethylphenol (with o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)), 2,4-dimethylphenol (with m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)) and 2,5-dimethylphenol (with p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)). Most studies on metabolism of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s have been performed on rat. The principal pathway involves side-chain oxidation to methylbenzoic acid via methylbenzyl alcohol and methylbenzyl aldehyde. Methylbenzoic acid is then conjugated with glycine or glucuronic acid ... Conjugation with glycine to form methylhippuric acid predominates for m- and p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) ... In the case of o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), glucuronide formation has been reported to predominate ... A separate minor pathway resulting in urinary excretion of thioethers has been studied ... This pathway appears to be more important for o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) than for the other isomers. Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring with the formation of dimethylphenols has been reported to be another minor metabolic pathway in rats. After an intraperitoneal injection of 87-348 mg/kg body weight m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) to rats, 53-75% of the dose was excreted as m-methyl-hippuric acid in urine during 24 hr. After an intraperitoneal dose of 319 mg/kg body weight the proportion excreted as mercapturic acids was calculated to be 10% for o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and 0.6-1.3% for m- and p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen). When volunteers were exposed to about 195 mg/cu m (45 ppm) of o-, m- or p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) for 8 hr, about 95-99% of the dose was excreted as methylhippuric acid in urine. Dimethylphenol excretion was estimated to be 0.1 to 2% of the dose absorbed ... About 90% of the absorbed dose of m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) was excreted as methylhippuric acid after exposure to 435 mg/cu m (100 ppm) for 4 hr ... On the other hand, after exposure to 600 mg/cu m (138 ppm) of o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), only 46% was excreted in urine as methylhippuric acid and only trace amounts of the o-methylbenzoyl glucuronide were detected. The principal pathway in the rat for m- and p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is the same as that in humans, sidechain oxidation and conjugation with glycine and glucuronic acid. For o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), the glucuronide formation predominates and a small amount of sulfate conjugate also is produced. Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s is also a minor pathway in the rat. p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), also known as para-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) or 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s. These are aromatic compounds that contain a p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly two methyl groups at the 1- and 4-positions. p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) exists as a liquid and is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) can be converted into 2, 5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. IDENTIFICATION: 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is a colorless liquid. It is also a colorless plate or prism at low temperatures. It has a sweet aromatic odor. 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is slightly soluble in water. It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar. 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is formed during forest fires and is naturally given off from corn, alfalfa and cereal silage. USE: 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is an important commercial chemical that is used to make other chemicals, polyester resins and fibers, in the manufacture of vitamins and insecticides and in paint and paint products. It is typically found in a mixture with other Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s (2- and 3-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)). EXPOSURE: Workers that use 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) may breathe in mists or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by breathing air, eating food and drinking water, smoking cigarettes and contact with consumer products containing Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s (gasoline, paints, varnishes, paint thinner, etc.). If 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air. It is not expected to be broken down by sunlight. It will move into air from moist soil and water surfaces. It is expected to move moderately through soil. It will be broken down by microorganisms, and is not expected to build up in fish. RISK: Risks discussed below are for Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) mixtures in general, as 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is most often found in a mixture with 2- and 3-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen). Studies indicate that risk of toxicity is the same for 2-, 3-, and 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), or a mixture of the three chemicals. Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are skin, eye, nose, and throat irritants. Nervous system effects (headache, dizziness, confusion, incoordination, impaired balance, forgetfulness, etc.) are the primary effects observed in humans that breathe high levels of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s. Difficulty breathing, nausea, and damage to the lungs, liver, and kidneys have also been observed following exposure to high vapor levels. Unconsciousness and even death may occur at very high levels. Similar effects were noted in laboratory animals exposed to moderate-to-high levels of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s. Studies on the potential for Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s to cause infertility, abortion, or birth defects in humans are considered inadequate to assess risk due to simultaneous exposure to other solvents (e.g. benzene). Abortion and delayed growth and development of offspring were observed in laboratory animals following exposure to Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) during pregnancy, but only at doses that were toxic to the mothers. Infertility and major birth defects were not observed in laboratory animals following exposure before and/or during pregnancy. No specific forms of cancer have been specifically associated with Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) exposure in workers exposed to solvent mixtures (including Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s). No evidence of cancer was observed in laboratory animals following lifetime oral exposure to Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s. The U.S. EPA IRIS program determined that data are inadequate for an assessment of the human carcinogenic potential of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has determined that Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans based on lack of adequate human data and inconclusive animal data. The potential for Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens. (SRC) Low temperature fractional crystallization was the first and for many years the only commercial technique for separating PX /4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)/ from mixed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s. ... PX has a much higher freezing point than the other Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) isomers. Thus, upon cooling, a pure solid phase of PX crystallizes first. Eventually, upon further cooling, a temperature is reached where solid crystals of another isomer also form. This is called the eutectic point. PX crystals usually form at about -4 °C and the PX-MX /4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)-3-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)/ eutectic is reached at about -68 °C. In commercial practice, PX crystallization is carried out at a temperature just above the eutectic point. At all temperatures above the eutectic point, PX is still soluble in the remaining C8 aromatics liquid solution, called mother liquor. This limits the efficiency of crystallization processes to a per pass PX recovery of about 60-65%. The solid PX crystals are typically separated from the mother liquor by filtration or centrifugation. Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is produced primarily by the catalytic reforming of naphtha streams, which are rich in alicyclic hydrocarbons. The aromatic reformate fractions consist mainly of benzene, toluene and mixed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s, Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s representing the largest fraction. The Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) isomers are separated from the reformate by extraction and distillation on the basis of differences in boiling point ... 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is separated by continuous crystallization or adsorption from the mixed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s or isomerized from the 3-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)/4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) distillate; 3-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is obtained by selective crystallization or solvent extraction of meta-para mixtures. The commercial product "mixed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s" is a technical product generally containing approximately 40% m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and 20% each of o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), and ethylbenzene, as well as small quantities of toluene. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method to monitor the saliva matrix for ototoxic solvents absorption: the method is based on headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and represents an alternative biological monitoring for investigating low exposure to hazardous ototoxic solvents. Simultaneous determination of toluene, ethylbenzene, Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s and styrene has been carried out and the method has been optimized for both instrumental parameters and samples treatment. Chromatographic conditions have been set in order to obtain a good separation of Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) isomers due to the interest in p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) as ototoxic one. Method validation has been performed on standards spiked in blank saliva by using two internal standards (2-fluorotoluene and deuterated styrene-d(8)). This method showed the possibility to detect the target compounds with a linear dynamic range of at least a 2 orders of magnitude characterized by a linear determination coefficient (r(2)) greater than 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.19 ng/mL (styrene) and 0.54 ng/mL (m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)) and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranged between 0.64 ng/mL (styrene) and 1.8 ng/mL (m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)). The method achieved good accuracy (from 99 to 105%) and precision for both intra- and inter-assay (relative standard deviation ranging from 1.7 to 13.8%) for all six compounds concerned. The repeatability was improved by adding sodium sulphate to the matrix. Saliva samples resulted stable for at least 7 days after collection, if stored in headspace vials, at the temperature of 4 degrees C. An evaluation of the main sources of uncertainty of the method is also included: expanded uncertainties ranges between 10 and 16% for all of the target compounds. In summary, the headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method is a highly sensitive, versatile and flexible technique for the biological monitoring of exposure to ototoxic solvents by saliva analysis. Commercial or mixed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) usually contains about 40-65% m-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and up to 20% each of o-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and p-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) and ethylbenzene. Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s are released into the atmosphere as fugitive emissions from industrial sources, from auto exhaust, and through volatilization from their use as solvents. Acute (short- term) inhalation exposure to mixed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s in humans results in irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, gastrointestinal effects, eye irritation, and neurological effects. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure of humans to mixed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s results primarily in central nervous system (CNS) effects, such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, tremors, and incoordination; respiratory, cardiovascular, and kidney effects have also been reported. EPA has classified mixed Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen)s as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) stem from its toxicologic properties and flammability. Exposure to this colorless sweet-smelling liquid (solid, below 13 °C) may occur from its use as a solvent, as a component of gasoline, and as a chemical intermediate. Toxic by all routes of exposure (ie, dermal, ingestion, and inhalation), 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) can cause effects including headache, dizziness, skin and eye irritation, kidney and liver damage, pulmonary edema, coma, and death. The ACGIH recommends a workplace exposure limit (TLV) of 100 ppm an 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA); however, to assure protection, wear an approved canister or air-supplied mask, face shield, plastic gloves, and boots. In emergency situations, a self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing are recommended. If contact does occur, immediately flush exposed eyes with running water, wash exposed skin with soap and water, and remove contaminated clothing. Individuals with diseases of the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and blood should be protected from exposure. 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is easily ignitable by heat, sparks, or flame (flash point: 25 °C, closed cup), and may do so explosively in an enclosed area. Also, vapor may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. The heat of a fire may cause containers to explode and/or cause thermal degradation of 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), producing irritating and poisonous gases. Fires involving 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, or foam. For massive fires in enclosed areas, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. If a 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) tank car or truck is involved in a fire, isolate 1/2 mile in all directions. Runoff from fire control water may cause pollution and, upon entering a sewer, may create an explosion hazard. 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) should be stored in closed containers, in cool, well ventilated areas (outdoor or detached areas are preferable), away from sources of ignition, oxidizing agents, and any activity that could cause physical damage to containers. For small spills of 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen), take up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent and place in containers for later disposal, or absorb on paper and evaporate in an appropriate exhaust hood. For large spills, isolate the area, dike far ahead of the spill, and collect the material for disposal. 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) is a good candidate for the Belliot process of oxidative destruction, as well as liquid injection, rotary kiln, and fluidized bed incineration. 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) may be sent to a solvent disposal company, but prior to implementing any land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult regulatory agencies for guidance. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.43X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 26 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) with night-time nitrate radicals is 4.53X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 65 days at an atmospheric concentration of 2.5X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(4). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) with ozone is 1.36X1-21 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 years at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). Products from the gas-phase reaction of nitrate with 4-Xylene (FIRIN TİNER, Ksilen) were 4-methylbenzaldehyde and 4-methylbenzy

XYLITOL Xylitol Jump to navigationJump to search Xylitol[1] Xylitol Xylitol crystals.jpg Xylitol crystals Names Pronunciation /ˈzaɪlɪtɒl/ Systematic IUPAC name (2R,3R,4S)-Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol Other names (2R,3R,4S)-Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol (not recommended) 1,2,3,4,5-Pentahydroxypentane Xylite Identifiers CAS Number 87-99-0 ☑ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEMBL ChEMBL96783 ☑ ChemSpider 6646 ECHA InfoCard 100.001.626 Edit this at Wikidata E number E967 (glazing agents, ...) PubChem CID 6912 UNII VCQ006KQ1E ☑ CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID7042514 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C5H12O5 Molar mass 152.146 g·mol−1 Density 1.52 g/cm3 Melting point 92 to 96 °C (198 to 205 °F; 365 to 369 K) Boiling point 345.39 °C (653.70 °F; 618.54 K) Predicted value using Adapted Stein & Brown method[2] Solubility in water ~100 g/L Hazards NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 110 Related compounds Related alkanes Pentane Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is ☑☒ ?) Infobox references Xylitol is a chemical compound with the formula C 5H 12O 5, or HO(CH2)(CHOH)3(CH2)OH; specifically, one particular stereoisomer with that structural formula. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. It can be classified as a polyalcohol and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol. The name derives from Ancient Greek: ξύλον, xyl[on], "wood", with the suffix -itol used to denote sugar alcohols. Xylitol is used as a food additive and sugar substitute. Its European Union code number is E967.[3] Replacing sugar by xylitol in food products may promote better dental health, but evidence is lacking on whether xylitol itself prevents cavities.[4] Contents 1 Structure, production, commerce 2 Uses 3 Food properties 4 Health effects 4.1 Dental care 4.2 Ear aches 4.3 Diabetes 5 Adverse effects 5.1 Humans 5.2 Dogs and other animals 6 Metabolism 7 History 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Structure, production, commerce Xylitol is naturally occurring in small amounts in plums, strawberries, cauliflower, and pumpkin; humans and animals make trace amounts during metabolism of carbohydrates.[5] Unlike most sugar alcohols, xylitol is achiral.[6] Most other isomers of pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol are chiral, but xylitol has a plane of symmetry. Industrial production starts with lignocellulosic biomass from which xylan is extracted; raw biomass materials include hardwoods, softwoods, and agricultural waste from processing maize, wheat, or rice. The xylan polymers can be hydrolyzed into xylose, which is catalytically hydrogenated into xylitol. The conversion changes the sugar (xylose, an aldehyde) into the primary alcohol, xylitol. Impurities are then removed.[5] The processing is often done using standard industrial methods; industrial fermentation involving bacteria, fungi, or yeast, especially Candida tropicalis, are common, but are not as efficient.[5][7] According to the US Department of Energy, xylitol production by fermentation from discarded biomass is one of the most valuable renewable chemicals for commerce, forecast to be a US$1.4 billion industry by 2025.[8] Uses Xylitol is used as a sugar substitute in such manufactured products as drugs, dietary supplements, confections, toothpaste, and chewing gum, but is not a common household sweetener.[4][9] Xylitol has negligible effects on blood sugar because it is metabolized independently of insulin.[9] Absorbed more slowly than sugar, xylitol supplies 40% fewer calories than table sugar.[9] It is approved as a food additive in the United States.[10] Food properties Xylitol has about the same sweetness as sucrose,[9] but more sweetness than similar compounds like sorbitol and mannitol.[5] Xylitol is stable enough to be used in baking.[11] Because xylitol and other polyols are heat stable, they do not caramelise as sugars do, and they also lower the freezing point of mixtures in which they are used.[12] No serious health risk exists in most humans for normal levels of consumption; The European Food Safety Authority has not set a limit on daily intake of xylitol. Due to the adverse laxative effect that all polyols have on the digestive system in high doses, xylitol is banned from soft drinks in the EU. Similarly due to a 1985 report, by the EU Scientific Committee on Food, stating that "ingesting 50 g a day of xylitol can cause diarrhea", tabletop sweeteners containing xylitol are required to display the warning: "excessive consumption may induce laxative effects".[13] Chewing gum containing xylitol is permitted.[14] Health effects Dental care As of 2015, clinical trials examining whether xylitol alone or with other agents can prevent cavities found the evidence was too poor to allow generalizations, although when children with permanent teeth use fluoride toothpaste with xylitol, they may get fewer cavities than when using fluoride toothpaste without it.[4] Weak evidence indicates that chewing gum sweetened with xylitol (or similar polyols such as sorbitol) may reduce the incidence of cavities.[15][16][17] In 2008, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that "xylitol chewing gum reduces the risk of cavities in children".[14] The claim was controversially recognised as requiring rewording in 2009 because xylitol chewing gum is not a medicine, thus can "not be claimed to reduce the risk of a disease".[18] In 2011, EFSA approved a claim that replacing sugar with xylitol and similar sweeteners "may maintain tooth mineralisation compared with sugar-containing foods."[13][19] Ear aches In 2011, EFSA "concluded that there was not enough evidence to support" the claim that xylitol-sweetened gum could prevent middle-ear infections with a fast onset, which is also known as acute otitis media (AOM).[13][20] A 2016 review indicated that xylitol in chewing gum or a syrup may have a moderate effect in preventing ear aches in healthy children.[21] It may be an alternative to conventional therapies (such as antibiotics) to lower risk of AOM in healthy children – reducing risk of occurrence by 25%[22] – although there is no definitive proof that it could be used as a therapy for AOM.[21] Diabetes In 2011, EFSA approved a marketing claim that foods or beverages containing xylitol or similar sugar replacers cause lower blood glucose and lower insulin responses compared to sugar-containing foods or drinks.[11][19] Xylitol products are used as sucrose substitutes for weight control,[11][23] as xylitol has 40 percent fewer calories than sucrose (2.4 kcal/g compared to 4.0 for sucrose).[11][24] The glycemic index (GI) of xylitol is 7 if GI is 100 for glucose.[25] Adverse effects Humans Xylitol has no known toxicity in humans.[13] At high doses, xylitol and other polyols cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including flatulence, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome (see metabolism section); some people have these adverse effects at lower doses.[13][26] Xylitol has a lower laxation threshold than some sugar alcohols but is more easily tolerated than mannitol and sorbitol.[27] Increased xylitol consumption can increase oxalate, calcium and phosphate excretion to urine. These affects are termed oxaluria, calciuria and phosphaturia, respectively. These are risk factors for kidney stone disease, but xylitol ingestion has not been linked to this disease in humans.[28] Dogs and other animals In dogs, 100 mg of xylitol per kg of body weight (mg/kg bw) causes a dose-dependent insulin release that can result in hypoglycemia, which can be life-threatening. Hypoglycemia associated symptoms of xylitol toxicity may arise as quickly as 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion. Vomiting is a common first symptom. It can be followed by tiredness and ataxia. At doses above 500 mg/kg bw, liver failure is likely and may result in coagulopathies like disseminated intravascular coagulation.[29] Xylitol is safe for cats, which tolerate even 1000 mg/kg bw ingested doses of it.[30] It is also safe for rhesus macaques, horses and rats.[29] Metabolism Xylitol has 2.4 kcal/g (10 kJ/mol) of food energy according to US and EU food labeling regulations.[31][3] The real value can vary, depending on metabolic factors. About 50% of eaten xylitol is not absorbed by the intestines in humans. Instead, 50–75% of this amount is fermented by gut bacteria to short-chain organic acids and gases, which may cause flatulence. The rest of the unabsorbed xylitol is excreted unchanged mostly in feces and less than 2 g of xylitol out of every 100 g ingested is excreted in urine.[32] Xylitol ingestion also increases motilin secretion, which may be related to xylitol's ability to cause diarrhea.[33] The non-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to constipation relieving effects.[23] About 50% of xylitol is absorbed via intestines. Primarily, the liver metabolizes it. The main metabolic route in humans is: in cytoplasm, nonspecific NAD-dependent dehydrogenase (polyol dehydrogenase) transforms xylitol to D-xylulose. Specific xylulokinase phosphorylates it to D-xylulose-5-phosphate. This then goes to pentose phosphate pathway for further processing.[32] History Sugar rationing during World War II led to an interest in sugar substitutes. Interest in xylitol and other polyols became intense, leading to their characterization and manufacturing methods.[5][34] Related compounds Related alkanes Pentane Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is ☑☒ ?) Infobox references Xylitol is a chemical compound with the formula C 5H 12O 5, or HO(CH2)(CHOH)3(CH2)OH; specifically, one particular stereoisomer with that structural formula. It is a colorless or white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. It can be classified as a polyalcohol and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol. The name derives from Ancient Greek: ξύλον, xyl[on], "wood", with the suffix -itol used to denote sugar alcohols. Xylitol is used as a food additive and sugar substitute. Its European Union code number is E967.[3] Replacing sugar by xylitol in food products may promote better dental health, but evidence is lacking on whether xylitol itself prevents cavities.[4] Contents 1 Structure, production, commerce 2 Uses 3 Food properties 4 Health effects 4.1 Dental care 4.2 Ear aches 4.3 Diabetes 5 Adverse effects 5.1 Humans 5.2 Dogs and other animals 6 Metabolism 7 History 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Structure, production, commerce Xylitol is naturally occurring in small amounts in plums, strawberries, cauliflower, and pumpkin; humans and animals make trace amounts during metabolism of carbohydrates.[5] Unlike most sugar alcohols, xylitol is achiral.[6] Most other isomers of pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol are chiral, but xylitol has a plane of symmetry. Industrial production starts with lignocellulosic biomass from which xylan is extracted; raw biomass materials include hardwoods, softwoods, and agricultural waste from processing maize, wheat, or rice. The xylan polymers can be hydrolyzed into xylose, which is catalytically hydrogenated into xylitol. The conversion changes the sugar (xylose, an aldehyde) into the primary alcohol, xylitol. Impurities are then removed.[5] The processing is often done using standard industrial methods; industrial fermentation involving bacteria, fungi, or yeast, especially Candida tropicalis, are common, but are not as efficient.[5][7] According to the US Department of Energy, xylitol production by fermentation from discarded biomass is one of the most valuable renewable chemicals for commerce, forecast to be a US$1.4 billion industry by 2025.[8] Uses Xylitol is used as a sugar substitute in such manufactured products as drugs, dietary supplements, confections, toothpaste, and chewing gum, but is not a common household sweetener.[4][9] Xylitol has negligible effects on blood sugar because it is metabolized independently of insulin.[9] Absorbed more slowly than sugar, xylitol supplies 40% fewer calories than table sugar.[9] It is approved as a food additive in the United States.[10] Food properties Xylitol has about the same sweetness as sucrose,[9] but more sweetness than similar compounds like sorbitol and mannitol.[5] Xylitol is stable enough to be used in baking.[11] Because xylitol and other polyols are heat stable, they do not caramelise as sugars do, and they also lower the freezing point of mixtures in which they are used.[12] No serious health risk exists in most humans for normal levels of consumption; The European Food Safety Authority has not set a limit on daily intake of xylitol. Due to the adverse laxative effect that all polyols have on the digestive system in high doses, xylitol is banned from soft drinks in the EU. Similarly due to a 1985 report, by the EU Scientific Committee on Food, stating that "ingesting 50 g a day of xylitol can cause diarrhea", tabletop sweeteners containing xylitol are required to display the warning: "excessive consumption may induce laxative effects".[13] Chewing gum containing xylitol is permitted.[14] Health effects Dental care As of 2015, clinical trials examining whether xylitol alone or with other agents can prevent cavities found the evidence was too poor to allow generalizations, although when children with permanent teeth use fluoride toothpaste with xylitol, they may get fewer cavities than when using fluoride toothpaste without it.[4] Weak evidence indicates that chewing gum sweetened with xylitol (or similar polyols such as sorbitol) may reduce the incidence of cavities.[15][16][17] In 2008, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that "xylitol chewing gum reduces the risk of cavities in children".[14] The claim was controversially recognised as requiring rewording in 2009 because xylitol chewing gum is not a medicine, thus can "not be claimed to reduce the risk of a disease".[18] In 2011, EFSA approved a claim that replacing sugar with xylitol and similar sweeteners "may maintain tooth mineralisation compared with sugar-containing foods."[13][19] Ear aches In 2011, EFSA "concluded that there was not enough evidence to support" the claim that xylitol-sweetened gum could prevent middle-ear infections with a fast onset, which is also known as acute otitis media (AOM).[13][20] A 2016 review indicated that xylitol in chewing gum or a syrup may have a moderate effect in preventing ear aches in healthy children.[21] It may be an alternative to conventional therapies (such as antibiotics) to lower risk of AOM in healthy children – reducing risk of occurrence by 25%[22] – although there is no definitive proof that it could be used as a therapy for AOM.[21] Diabetes In 2011, EFSA approved a marketing claim that foods or beverages containing xylitol or similar sugar replacers cause lower blood glucose and lower insulin responses compared to sugar-containing foods or drinks.[11][19] Xylitol products are used as sucrose substitutes for weight control,[11][23] as xylitol has 40 percent fewer calories than sucrose (2.4 kcal/g compared to 4.0 for sucrose).[11][24] The glycemic index (GI) of xylitol is 7 if GI is 100 for glucose.[25] Adverse effects Humans Xylitol has no known toxicity in humans.[13] At high doses, xylitol and other polyols cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including flatulence, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome (see metabolism section); some people have these adverse effects at lower doses.[13][26] Xylitol has a lower laxation threshold than some sugar alcohols but is more easily tolerated than mannitol and sorbitol.[27] Increased xylitol consumption can increase oxalate, calcium and phosphate excretion to urine. These affects are termed oxaluria, calciuria and phosphaturia, respectively. These are risk factors for kidney stone disease, but xylitol ingestion has not been linked to this disease in humans.[28] Dogs and other animals In dogs, 100 mg of xylitol per kg of body weight (mg/kg bw) causes a dose-dependent insulin release that can result in hypoglycemia, which can be life-threatening. Hypoglycemia associated symptoms of xylitol toxicity may arise as quickly as 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion. Vomiting is a common first symptom. It can be followed by tiredness and ataxia. At doses above 500 mg/kg bw, liver failure is likely and may result in coagulopathies like disseminated intravascular coagulation.[29] Xylitol is safe for cats, which tolerate even 1000 mg/kg bw ingested doses of it.[30] It is also safe for rhesus macaques, horses and rats.[29] Metabolism Xylitol has 2.4 kcal/g (10 kJ/mol) of food energy according to US and EU food labeling regulations.[31][3] The real value can vary, depending on metabolic factors. About 50% of eaten xylitol is not absorbed by the intestines in humans. Instead, 50–75% of this amount is fermented by gut bacteria to short-chain organic acids and gases, which may cause flatulence. The rest of the unabsorbed xylitol is excreted unchanged mostly in feces and less than 2 g of xylitol out of every 100 g ingested is excreted in urine.[32] Xylitol ingestion also increases motilin secretion, which may be related to xylitol's ability to cause diarrhea.[33] The non-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to constipation relieving effects.[23] About 50% of xylitol is absorbed via intestines. Primarily, the liver metabolizes it. The main metabolic route in humans is: in cytoplasm, nonspecific NAD-dependent dehydrogenase (polyol dehydrogenase) transforms xylitol to D-xylulose. Specific xylulokinase phosphorylates it to D-xylulose-5-phosphate. This then goes to pentose phosphate pathway for further processing.[32] History Sugar rationing during World War II led to an interest in sugar substitutes. Interest in xylitol and other polyols became intense, leading to their characterization and manufacturing methods.[5][34]

XYLOSE N° CAS : 58-86-6 Nom INCI : XYLOSE Nom chimique : D-Xylose N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-400-7 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

ZINC N° CAS : 7440-66-6 Nom INCI : ZINC N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-175-3 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la ranc

ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой дитиокарбаматную соль, которая представляет собой цинковую соль дибутилдитиокарбаминовой кислоты.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) играет роль противогрибкового агрохимиката.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой соль дитиокарбамата и молекулярное соединение цинка.

КАС: 136-23-2
МФ: C18H36N2S4Zn
МВт: 474,14
ЭИНЭКС: 205-232-8

Синонимы
(дибутилдитиокарбамато)цинк(ii);accelbz;ацетозидтиокарбамат;бис(дибутилкарбамодитиоато-S,S’)-,(T-4)-цинк;вулкацитldb/c;зимат,бутил;цинкбибутилдитиокарбамат;Цинк N,N-дибутилдитиокарбамат
дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка;(Дибутилдитиокарбамато)цинк(II); Аксел БЖ; Ацето ЗДБД; бис(N,N-дибутилдитиокарбамато)цинк; бис(дибутилдитиокарбамато)цинк; Бутазат; Бутазат 50-Д; Бутилцимат; Бутилзирам; Карбаминовая кислота, дибутилдитио-, комплекс цинка; Карбамодитиоевая кислота, дибутил-, соль цинка; цинковая соль дибутилдитиокарбаминовой кислоты; Нокелер БЗ; Соксинол БЗ; Вулкакур; Вулкакур ЗБ; Вулкацит ЛДБ; Вулкацит LDB/C; Зимат, бутил; N,N-дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка; Цинк-бис(дибутилдитиокарбамат); дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка; Цинк, бис(дибутилкарбамодитиоато-S,S')-, (Т-4)-; Цинк, бис(дибутилкарбамодитиоато-каппаS,каппаS')-, (Т-4)-; Цинк, бис(дибутилдитиокарбамато)-; [ChemIDplus] ZDBC; [HSDB];136-23-2;Дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка(II);Цинк бис(дибутилдитиокарбамат);цинк;N,N-дибутилкарбамодитиоат;DTXSID0021462;Цинк, бис(дибутилкарбамодитиоато-каппаS,kappaS')-, (T-4) -;DTXCID501462;Цинк, бис(дибутилкарбамодитиоато-.каппа.S,.каппа.S')-, (T-4)-;CAS-136-23-2;Бис(дибутилдитиокарбамато)цинк;бис(дибутилкарбамодитиоат) цинка; HNM5J934VP;SCHEMBL35745;дибутилдитиокарбамат цинковая соль;ZINCDIBUTYLDITHIOCARBAMATE;CHEMBL2373108;BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L;CHEBI:144323;NSC-3880;Tox21_113038;Tox21_202601;N SC-36548;AKOS015839728;бис(дибутилтиокарбамоил)дисульфид цинка;бис(дибутилдитиокарбамоил)дисульфид цинка; Соль цинка (II) дибутилдитиокарбаминовой кислоты; NCGC00188440-01; NCGC00260149-01; бис(дибутилдитиокарбамоил)дисульфид цинка; ЦИНК ДИБУТИЛДИТИОКАРБАМАТ [INCI]; CS-0152117; D0227; NS00079390; E81950; ЦИНК, БИС(ДИБУТИЛКАРБАМОДИТИОАТО-S,S') -
;ЦИНК, БИС(ДИБУТИЛДИТИОКАРБАМАТО)-[HSDB];(T-4)-бис(дибутилкарбамодитиоато-каппаS,каппаS')цинк;Q27280015

ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) содержит дибутилдитиокарбамат и цинк (2+).
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) функционально связан с дибутилдитиокарбаминовой кислотой.
Белый порошок; приятный запах.
Растворим в сероуглероде, бензоле и хлороформе; нерастворим в воде.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой дитиокарбаматную соль, которая представляет собой цинковую соль дибутилдитиокарбаминовой кислоты.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) играет роль противогрибкового агрохимиката.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой соль дитиокарбамата и молекулярное соединение цинка.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) содержит дибутилдитиокарбамат и цинк (2+).
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) функционально связан с дибутилдитиокарбаминовой кислотой.

ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) является дерматологическим сенсибилизатором и аллергеном.
Чувствительность к дибутилдитиокарбамату цинка можно определить с помощью клинического патч-теста.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) является стандартизированным химическим аллергеном.
Физиологический эффект ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамата цинка) заключается в повышенном высвобождении гистамина и клеточно-опосредованном иммунитете.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой химическое соединение, образующее комплекс с жирными кислотами.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) используется в качестве абсорбента и агента для подготовки проб в УФ-спектроскопии.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) также может вызывать аллергические реакции и токсичен для клеток в присутствии стеарата кальция.
Это химическое вещество встречается в реакционных растворах, где оно реагирует с соляной кислотой и нитридом бора с образованием ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка).
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) продемонстрировал свойства, подобные фактору роста, и было показано, что он увеличивает скорость роста клеток на клетках V79 в сочетании с полиеном.

ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) Химические свойства
Температура плавления: 104-110°С.
Точка кипения: 318 ℃ [при 101 325 Па]
Плотность: 1,21 г/см3
Давление пара: 0 Па при 25 ℃
Температура хранения: Инертная атмосфера,Комнатная температура.
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде.
Форма: твердая
Удельный вес: 1,21
Белый цвет
Запах: какой. порошок, приятный запах
Растворимость в воде: 100 мкг/л при 25 ℃.
Гидролитическая чувствительность 4: отсутствие реакции с водой в нейтральных условиях.
InChIKey: BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 2,16 при 25 ℃
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 136-23-2 (ссылка на базу данных CAS)
Система регистрации веществ EPA: ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) (136-23-2)

Использование
Ускоритель для латексных дисперсий и цементов и т.д.; ультраускоритель присадки к смазочным маслам.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой каучуковое химическое вещество, используемое в качестве ускорителя вулканизации.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) также можно найти в красках, средствах для удаления клея и антикоррозионных средствах.
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) содержался в «карба-миксе».
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) используется в качестве активатора; антидеградант; ускоритель для натурального каучука, бутадиена, бутадиена-стирола, бутадиена нитрила, бутилкаучука и терполимеров этилена-пропилен-диена.

ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) используется в качестве вторичного ультраускорителя для систем отверждения тиазолом и сульфенамидом в полимерах общего назначения (NR, SBR, IIR, EPDM).
ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) можно использовать в качестве первичного ускорителя в специальных приложениях, а также в латексе.
В латексе ZDBC (дибутилдитиокарбамат цинка) в основном используется в прозрачных изделиях и превулканизированном латексе.
Дополнительное применение — в качестве антиоксиданта в клеевых системах.
ZDBC дает более быстрое излечение, чем ZDEC или ZDMC.

Дитиокарбаматная соль, представляющая собой ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка).
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой фунгицид широкого спектра действия и средство от птиц и животных, которое также используется для ускорения вулканизации каучука.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) — ускоритель вулканизации каучука дитиокарбаматной группы.

КАС: 137-30-4
МФ: C6H12N2S4Zn1
МВт: 305,829
ЕИНЭКС: 205-288-3

Синонимы
ТИОННЫЙ;ПОМАРСОЛ Z;ПОМАРСОЛ Z(R);МИЛБАМ(R);ААВОЛЕКС;КАРБАМ БЕЛЫЙ(R);ФУКЛАЗИН;ФУКЛАЗИН(R)
;137-30-4;Цинковая соль диметилдитиокарбамата;цинк;N,N-диметилкарбамодитиоат;DTXCID301464;DTXSID0021464;CHEBI:79736;бис(диметилкарбамодитиоат) цинка;CAS-137-30-4;SCHEMBL22004;Диметилдитиокарбамат цинка;Бис( диметилдитиокарбамато)цинк;бис(диметилкарбамотиоилтио)цинк;Бис-диметилдитиокарбамат цинка;Диметилдитиокарбамат цинка, 97%;Tox21_201910;Tox21_300503;MFCD00064797;AKOS015960834
;Бис(диметилкарбамодитиоато-S,S')цинк;Цинк бис(диметилтиокарбамоил)дисульфид;NCGC00254404-01;NCGC00259459-01;Зирам, ПЕСТАНАЛ(R), аналитический стандарт;Цинк би(диметилдитиокарбамоил)дисульфид;Цинк диметилдитиокарбамат, чистый, > =97,0% (КТ);(Т-4)-бис(диметилкарбамодитиоато-каппаS,каппаS')цинк

ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой координационный комплекс цинка с диметилдитиокарбаматом.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой бледно-желтое твердое вещество, которое используется в качестве фунгицида, при серной вулканизации каучука и в других промышленных целях.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой комплекс цинка и диметилдитиокарбамата, который представляет собой светло-желтое твердое вещество. Он обычно используется в качестве фунгицида, а также для вулканизации каучука и других промышленных применений.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) можно получить путем смешивания и перемешивания гидрохлорида диметиламина, гидроксида натрия и сероуглерода, а затем реакции с сульфатом цинка в воде.

ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) Химические свойства
Температура плавления: 248-257 °C (лит.).
Точка кипения: 335,83 ℃ [при 101 325 Па]
Плотность: 1,66
Давление пара: <1 x 10-6 Па
Температура хранения: ПРИБЛ. 4°C.
Растворимость: ДМСО (умеренно), метанол (умеренно).
Форма: Порошок
У��ельный вес: 1,71
Белый цвет
Запах: без запаха в чистом виде
Растворимость в воде: 0,0065 г/100 мл.
Гидролитическая чувствительность 4: отсутствие реакции с водой в нейтральных условиях.
Мерк: 14,10172
БРН: 3707008
InChIKey: DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 1,65 при 20 ℃
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 137-30-4 (ссылка на базу данных CAS)
МАИР: 3 (Том Sup 7, 53) 1991 г.
Справочник по химии NIST: ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) (137-30-4)
Система регистрации веществ EPA: ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) (137-30-4)

Белый и без запаха в чистом виде.
Почти нерастворим в воде; растворим в ацетоне, сероуглероде, хлороформе, разбавленных щелочах и концентрированной соляной кислоте.

Использование
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой защитный фунгицид, наносимый на листву для борьбы с болезнями семечковых и косточковых фруктов, орехов, винограда, овощей и декоративных растений.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) используется для борьбы с паршой яблок и груш, а также монилиозом, альтернариозом, септориозом, курчавостью листьев персика, дырочками, ржавчиной, черной гнилью и антракнозом.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) также используется в качестве средства от диких животных, его намазывают в виде пасты на стволы деревьев или распыляют на декоративные растения, спящие фруктовые деревья и другие культуры.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) относится к классу дитиокарбаматов и используется в сельском хозяйстве в качестве фунгицида и в резиновой промышленности в качестве ускорителя вулканизации.
Ускоритель вулканизации резины; сельскохозяйственный фунгицид.

Известный в сельском хозяйстве как ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка), он был представлен в Соединенных Штатах в 1960 году как фунгицид широкого спектра действия.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) использовался для лечения парши на яблоках и грушах, скручивания листьев на персиках, а также антракноза и фитофтороза на томатах.
В 1981 году были одобрены дополнительные способы применения ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамата цинка), включая профилактику фитофтороза и парши миндаля, прострелов абрикосов, бурой гнили и пятнистости листьев вишни, а также парши и антракноза орехов пекан.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) также начал использоваться в украшениях жилых помещений в качестве средства от птиц и млекопитающих.
В качестве защитного фунгицида ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) активен на поверхности растения, образуя химический барьер между растением и грибком.
Защитный фунгицид не впитывается в растение и должен быть применен до заражения. ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) можно распылять непосредственно на листья растения или использовать для обработки почвы и семян.
Пять основных культур, на которых используется ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка), включают миндаль, персики, нектарины, груши, а также столовый виноград и изюм.
Альтернативно, ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) используется в качестве добавки в промышленных клеях, герметиках и красках.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) также служит отпугивателем птиц и млекопитающих на декоративных предметах, используемых на открытом воздухе.

ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) для борьбы с гнилью яблонь, черной пятнистостью, мучнистой росой и т. д., хорошая дисперсия в резине, благодаря чему механические свойства резиновых изделий хорошие, подходит для шин, лент и т. д.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) может подавлять и предотвращать заболевания, вызываемые различными грибами, стимулировать рост и способствовать раннему созреванию.
Для профилактики и борьбы с болезнями риса, мискантусом, ржавчиной пшеницы, мучнистой росой, фитофторозом картофеля, черной пятнистостью, огурцом, капустой, ложной мучнистой росой капусты, антракнозом томата, фитофторозом, антракнозом дыни, фитофторозом табачного листа, яблоневой гнилью, антракнозом. , черная пятнистость, бурая пятнистость, мучнистая роса винограда, антракноз, парша груши, язва цитрусовых, парша и т. д.
Обычно с 65% смачиваемым порошком 300–500 раз обрабатывают жидкостью.
Перед началом или ранним распылением наблюдается профилактический эффект: начало заболевания каждые 5–7 дней распыляется 1 раз, непрерывно 2–4 раза.
В зависимости от различных заболеваний дозировка и частота применения препарата были разными.
фосфомецинк эффективен для борьбы с антракнозом яблони, бурой гнилью персика и бактериальной перфорацией.
Профилактика и борьба с белой гнилью винограда, антракнозом, часто в сочетании с использованием Фу Мэй.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) также используется для борьбы с ложной мучнистой росой огурцов, антракнозом дыни, фитофторозом картофеля, ложной мучнистой росой китайской капусты и антракнозом томатов.

Сельскохозяйственное использование
Фунгицид, микробиоцид, средство от животных: ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) — сельскохозяйственный фунгицид, зарегистрированный для борьбы с грибковыми заболеваниями широкого спектра культур, включая косточковые, семечковые, орехоплодные, овощи и коммерчески выращиваемые декоративные растения, а также для обработки почвы и семян. .
Кроме того, ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) разработан в качестве репеллента для птиц и кроликов для внекорневой обработки декоративных растений.
Зарегистрировано для использования в странах ЕС.
Зарегистрировано для использования в США.

Химия
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой прототип дитиокарбамата цинка, широкий класс координационных комплексов с формулами Zn(R2NCS2)2, где R можно варьировать.
Такие соединения получают путем обработки цинка и дитиокарбамата (R2NCS2-), как показано на примере диметилдитиокарбамата:

2 (CH3)2NCS2− + Zn2+ → Zn((CH3)2NCS2)2
Ежегодно используется около 1,9 миллиона фунтов активного ингредиента зирама.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) часто продается в виде порошка или гранул.
Комплексы ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) термически разлагаются с образованием сульфида цинка.

Состав
Соединения типа Zn(S2CNR2)2 димерны, т.е. их собственная формула — [Zn(S2CNR2)2]2. Каждый центр Zn находится в искаженном пентакоординате с четырьмя связями Zn-S длиной 2,3 Å и одним взаимодействием Zn-S длиной >2,8 Å.
Производные моноцинка получают добавлением сильных лигандов (L), таких как амины, которые дают аддукты Zn(S2CNR2)2L.

Экологические эффекты
Агентство по охране окружающей среды США пришло к выводу, что зирам представляет низкий риск токсичности для млекопитающих, умеренный риск для птиц и высокий риск для водных видов.
После анализа исследований, в которых изучалось влияние ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамата цинка) на водные организмы, База данных по пестицидам Pesticide Action Network пришла к выводу, что его доза LC50 (количество пестицида, смертельное для 50% тестовых организмов в течение установленного времени исследования) для амфибий относит ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) к категории «высокотоксичных».

Реакции воздуха и воды
Тио и дитиокарбаматы медленно разлагаются в водном растворе с образованием сероуглерода и метиламина или других аминов.
Такое разложение ускоряется кислотами.
Нерастворим в воде.

Профиль реактивности
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой дитиокарбамат.
Горючие газы образуются при сочетании тиокарбаматов и дитиокарбаматов с альдегидами, нитридами и гидридами.
Тиокарбаматы и дитиокарбаматы несовместимы с кислотами, пероксидами и галогенангидридами.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) вызывает коррозию железа и меди.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) несовместим с сильными окислителями и кислотами.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) также несовместим с ртутью.

Метаболический путь
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) представляет собой один из металлсодержащих дитиокарбаматов, который образует диметилдитиокарбаминовую кислоту при расщеплении в кислых условиях и в биологических средах.
Образующаяся кислота конъюгируется с глюкозой и аланином у растений и с глюкуроновой кислотой у млекопитающих.
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) далее разлагается до диметиламина и CS2.
Всемирная организация здравоохранения опубликовала обширный обзор свойств дитиокарбаматных пестицидов, из которого взята большая часть следующей информации.

Метод производства
ZDMC (диметилдитиокарбамат цинка) получают путем взаимодействия диметилдитиокарбамата натрия с сульфатом цинка (или хлоридом цинка).
pH реакционного раствора доводили до 7, добавляя воду для растворения в фумарате натрия.
5~8, а затем с сульфатом цинка образуется дымящий осадок цинка, после фильтрации, сушки и измельчения для получения дымящего цинка.
Выход составил более 97%, а содержание было больше или равно 93%.

Lauryl polyethylene glycol ethersulfate with 3 EO, ammonium; salt, butoxy ethanol as solvent; About 50 % Liquid Air entraining agent for concrete and mortars

Acetic acid, zinc salt; Acetic acid, zinc(II) salt; Dicarbomethoxyzinc; Zinc Diacetate; cas no: 557-34-6

ZINC ACETATE What is the most important information I should know about zinc acetate? Before using zinc acetate, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use zinc acetate if you have certain medical conditions. Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb zinc acetate. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. Zinc acetate can make certain antibiotics less effective. Tell your doctor about all other medications you are using before you start taking zinc acetate. What is zinc acetate? Zinc is a naturally occurring mineral. Zinc is important for growth and for the development and health of body tissues. Zinc acetate is used to treat and to prevent zinc deficiency. Zinc acetate may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking zinc acetate? Before using zinc acetate, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use zinc acetate if you have certain medical conditions. It is not known whether zinc acetate will harm an unborn baby. Do not take zinc acetate without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether zinc acetate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. How should I take zinc acetate? Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Take zinc acetate with a full glass of water. Take zinc acetate with food if it upsets your stomach. Your healthcare provider may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from zinc acetate. The recommended dietary allowance of zinc acetate increases with age. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions. You may also consult the National Academy of Sciences "Dietary Reference Intake" or the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "Dietary Reference Intake" (formerly "Recommended Daily Allowances" or RDA) listings for more information. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, severe vomiting, dehydration, and restlessness. What should I avoid while taking zinc acetate? Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb zinc acetate. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. What are the possible side effects of zinc acetate? What other drugs will affect zinc acetate? The following drugs can interact with or be made less effective by zinc acetate. Tell your doctor if you are using any of these: This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with zinc acetate. Tell your healthcare provider about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Where can I get more information? Your pharmacist can provide more information about zinc acetate. Zinc acetate USP is used as/ an astringent in low concentrations and an irritant at high concentrations. It also has mild antibacterial actions similar to those of zinc sulfate. When applied to cuts, it exerts styptic action. Zinc acetate is a salt with the formula Zn(CH3CO2)2, which commonly occurs as the dihydrate Zn(CH3CO2)2·2H2O. Both the hydrate and the anhydrous forms are colorless solids that are commonly used in chemical synthesis and as dietary supplements. Zinc acetates are prepared by the action of acetic acid on zinc carbonate or zinc metal. When used as a food additive, it has the E number E650. Zinc is a naturally occurring mineral. Zinc is important for growth and for the development and health of body tissues. Zinc acetate is used to treat and to prevent zinc deficiency. Zinc acetate may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.Before using zinc acetate, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use zinc acetate if you have certain medical conditions. Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb zinc acetate. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. Zinc acetate can make certain antibiotics less effective. Tell your doctor about all other medications you are using before you start taking zinc acetate. Before using zinc acetate, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use zinc acetate if you have certain medical conditions. It is not known whether zinc acetate will harm an unborn baby. Do not take zinc acetate without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether zinc acetate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Take zinc acetate with a full glass of water. Take zinc acetate with food if it upsets your stomach. Your healthcare provider may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from zinc acetate. The recommended dietary allowance of zinc acetate increases with age. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions. You may also consult the National Academy of Sciences "Dietary Reference Intake" or the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "Dietary Reference Intake" (formerly "Recommended Daily Allowances" or RDA) listings for more information. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Zinc can be used for the treatment and prevention of zinc deficiency/its consequences, including stunted growth and acute diarrhea in children, and slowed wound healing. It is also utilized for boosting the immune system, treating the common cold and recurrent ear infections, as well as preventing lower respiratory tract infections 25.Zinc Acetate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Zinc source that decomposes to Zinc oxide on heating. It is generally immediately available in in most volumes, including bulk quantities. All metallic acetates are inorganic salts containing a metal cation and the acetate anion, a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds, catalysts, and nanoscale materials. We also produce Zinc Acetate Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available, as is additional research, technical and safety (MSDS) data. Please contact us for information on lead time and pricing above. In anhydrous zinc acetate the zinc is coordinated to four oxygen atoms to give a tetrahedral environment, these tetrahedral polyhedra are then interconnected by acetate ligands to give a range of polymeric structures.[5][6][7] In contrast, most metal diacetates feature metals in octahedral coordination with bidentate acetate groups. In zinc acetate dihydrate the zinc is octahedral, wherein both acetate groups are bidentate.[8][9] Heating Zn(CH3CO2)2 in a vacuum results in a loss of acetic anhydride, leaving a residue of basic zinc acetate, with the formula Zn4O(CH3CO2)6. This cluster compound has the tetrahedral structure shown below. This species closely resembles the corresponding beryllium compound, although it is slightly expanded with Zn-O distances ~1.97 vs ~1.63 Å for Be4O(OAc)6. Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (<1 Bacteria (CFU/ml)), pyrogen free (<0.03 Endotoxin (EU/ml)), RNase-free (< 0.01 ng/mL) and DNase-free (< 4 pg/µL) Zinc Acetate Dihydrate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Zinc source that decomposes to Zinc oxide on heating. It is generally immediately available in in most volumes, including bulk quantities. All metallic acetates are inorganic salts containing a metal cation and the acetate anion, a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds, catalysts, and nanoscale materials. We also produce Zinc Acetate Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available, as is additional research, technical and safety (MSDS) data. Please contact us for information on lead time and pricing above. Chemical name: Zinc acetate dihydrate; CAS Reg. No. 5970-45-6. Storage: Zinc acetate should be kept in a well-closed, non-metallic container. Labelling: The designation on the container should state that the substance is in the dihydrate form and indicate the quantity in terms of the equivalent amount of elemental zinc. Uses Dietary and medicinal applications Zinc acetate has been used in lozenges for treating the common cold.[1] Zinc acetate can also be used to treat zinc deficiencies.[2] As an oral daily supplement it is used to inhibit the body's absorption of copper as part of the treatment for Wilson's disease.[3] Zinc acetate is also sold as an astringent in the form of an ointment, a topical lotion, or combined with an antibiotic such as erythromycin for the topical treatment of acne.[4] It is commonly sold as a topical anti-itch ointment. Zinc acetate Generic Name: zinc acetate (ZINK AS e tate) What is zinc acetate? Zinc is a naturally occurring mineral. Zinc is important for growth and for the development and health of body tissues. Zinc acetate is used to treat and to prevent zinc deficiency. Zinc acetate may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. Important Information Before using zinc acetate, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use zinc acetate if you have certain medical conditions. Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb zinc acetate. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. Zinc acetate can make certain antibiotics less effective. Tell your doctor about all other medications you are using before you start taking zinc acetate. Before taking this medicine Before using zinc acetate, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use zinc acetate if you have certain medical conditions. It is not known whether zinc acetate will harm an unborn baby. Do not take zinc acetate without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether zinc acetate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. How should I take zinc acetate? Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Take zinc acetate with a full glass of water. Take zinc acetate with food if it upsets your stomach. Your healthcare provider may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from zinc acetate. The recommended dietary allowance of zinc acetate increases with age. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions. You may also consult the National Academy of Sciences "Dietary Reference Intake" or the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "Dietary Reference Intake" (formerly "Recommended Daily Allowances" or RDA) listings for more information. What should I avoid while taking zinc acetate? Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb zinc acetate. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. Zinc acetate side effects Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Less serious side effects may include: nausea; or upset stomach. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. See also: Zinc acetate side effects (in more detail) Zinc acetate dosing information -When patient is clinically stable, treatment with zinc acetate can begin; continue chelation therapy as clinically indicated. Health 1-5% solutions are used in the treatment of skin mucosa diseases. In addition, zinc deficiency zinc acetate is used orally at 50-150 mg / day in the developmental stage in children. farming Containing approximately 30% zinc in its structure, it can be used by adding to the feed in salt form to meet the zinc requirement of animals. Porcelain It is used to make glaze on porcelain. Basic properties and structures In anhydrous zinc acetate the zinc is coordinated to four oxygen atoms to give a tetrahedral environment, these tetrahedral polyhedra are then interconnected by acetate ligands to give a range of polymeric structures.[5][6][7] In contrast, most metal diacetates feature metals in octahedral coordination with bidentate acetate groups. In zinc acetate dihydrate the zinc is octahedral, wherein both acetate groups are bidentate.[8][9] Basic zinc acetate Heating Zn(CH3CO2)2 in a vacuum results in a loss of acetic anhydride, leaving a residue of basic zinc acetate, with the formula Zn4O(CH3CO2)6. This cluster compound has the tetrahedral structure shown below. This species closely resembles the corresponding beryllium compound, although it is slightly expanded with Zn-O distances ~1.97 vs ~1.63 Å for Be4O(OAc)6.[10] Zinc acetate is an acetate salt in which the cationic component is zinc(2+). It has a role as an astringent. It is a zinc molecular entity and an acetate salt. Zinc acetate has been used as an excipient in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations including topical gels, lotions, and solutions, and subcutaneous injections. It has also been investigated for use in an oral controlled-release formulation for water-soluble drugs in combination with sodium alginate and xanthan gum. Therapeutically, zinc acetate has been used in oral capsules for the treatment of Wilson's disease. Zinc acetate has also been demonstrated to be effective as a spermicide in vaginal contraceptives. Zinc Acetate Dihydrate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Zinc source that decomposes to Zinc oxide on heating. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds, catalysts, and nanoscale materials. Formula Zn(C2H3O2).2H2O, 1.735 g/mL, e.n. 200 °C decay point 200, losing two mol water in 100 °C, dissolved in water and alcohol, drugs, wood protection, textile dyeing, zinc chromate synthesis, laboratories, ceramic glazing, seed additiveused in the solid substance. A discontinued use of dilute zinc acetate solutions is as an emetic. Zinc acetate is used to treat and to prevent zinc deficiency. Zinc acetate may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. Zinc acetate anhydrous is used in the synthesis of layered Zn-arylphosphonates with potential application in sorption, ion exchange or catalysis. It is utilized in the ultrasonic preparation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles coated on silica particles. It is administered orally or parenterally as a nutritional supplement. It finds an application in the field of industries such as wood preservation, manufacturing other zinc salts, polymers, manufacture of ethylene acetate, as a dye mordant, and analytical reagent. It also acts as a plating inhibitor on primary water piping. Zinc acetate may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. Important Information Before using zinc acetate, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use zinc acetate if you have certain medical conditions. Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb zinc acetate. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. Zinc acetate can make certain antibiotics less effective. Tell your doctor about all other medications you are using before you start taking zinc acetate. Before taking this medicine Before using zinc acetate, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use zinc acetate if you have certain medical conditions. It is not known whether zinc acetate will harm an unborn baby. Do not take zinc acetate without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether zinc acetate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. How should I take zinc acetate? Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Take zinc acetate with a full glass of water. Take zinc acetate with food if it upsets your stomach. Your healthcare provider may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from zinc acetate. The recommended dietary allowance of zinc acetate increases with age. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions. You may also consult the National Academy of Sciences "Dietary Reference Intake" or the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "Dietary Reference Intake" (formerly "Recommended Daily Allowances" or RDA) listings for more information. What should I avoid while taking zinc acetate? Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb zinc acetate. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. Zinc acetate side effects Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Less serious side effects may include: nausea; or upset stomach. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. See also: Zinc acetate side effects (in more detail) Zinc acetate dosing information -When patient is clinically stable, treatment with zinc acetate can begin; continue chelation therapy as clinically indicated. Health 1-5% solutions are used in the treatment of skin mucosa diseases. In addition, zinc deficiency zinc acetate is used orally at 50-150 mg / day in the developmental stage in children. farming Containing approximately 30% zinc in its structure, it can be used by adding to the feed in salt form to meet the zinc requirement of animals. Porcelain It is used to make glaze on porcelain. Basic properties and structures In anhydrous zinc acetate the zinc is coordinated to four oxygen atoms to give a tetrahedral environment, these tetrahedral polyhedra are then interconnected by acetate ligands to give a range of polymeric structures.[5][6][7] In contrast, most metal diacetates feature metals in octahedral coordination with bidentate acetate groups. In zinc acetate dihydrate the zinc is octahedral, wherein both acetate groups are bidentate.[8][9] Basic zinc acetate Heating Zn(CH3CO2)2 in a vacuum results in a loss of acetic anhydride, leaving a residue of basic zinc acetate, with the formula Zn4O(CH3CO2)6. This cluster compound has the tetrahedral structure shown below. This species closely resembles the corresponding beryllium compound, although it is slightly expanded with Zn-O distances ~1.97 vs ~1.63 Å for Be4O(OAc)6.[10] Zinc acetate is an acetate salt in which the cationic component is zinc(2+). It has a role as an astringent. It is a zinc molecular entity and an acetate salt. Zinc acetate has been used as an excipient in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations including topical gels, lotions, and solutions, and subcutaneous injections. It has also been investigated for use in an oral controlled-release formulation for water-soluble drugs in combination with sodium alginate and xanthan gum. Therapeutically, zinc acetate has been used in oral capsules for the treatment of Wilson's disease. Zinc acetate has also been demonstrated to be effective as a spermicide in vaginal contraceptives. Zinc Acetate Dihydrate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Zinc source that decomposes to Zinc oxide on heating. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds, catalysts, and nanoscale materials. Formula Zn(C2H3O2).2H2O, 1.735 g/mL, e.n. 200 °C decay point 200, losing two mol water in 100 °C, dissolved in water and alcohol, drugs, wood protection, textile dyeing, zinc chromate synthesis, laboratories, ceramic glazing, seed additiveused in the solid substance. A discontinued use of dilute zinc acetate solutions is as an emetic. Zinc acetate is used to treat and to prevent zinc deficiency. Zinc acetate may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. Zinc acetate anhydrous is used in the synthesis of layered Zn-arylphosphonates with potential application in sorption, ion exchange or catalysis. It is utilized in the ultrasonic preparation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles coated on silica particles. It is administered orally or parenterally as a nutritional supplement. It finds an application in the field of industries such as wood preservation, manufacturing other zinc salts, polymers, manufacture of ethylene acetate, as a dye mordant, and analytical reagent. It also acts as a plating inhibitor on primary water piping.

ZINC ASPARTATE N° CAS : 36393-20-1 Nom INCI : ZINC ASPARTATE Nom chimique : Dihydrogen bis[L-aspartato(2-)-N,O1]zincate(2-) N° EINECS/ELINCS : 253-012-5 Classification : Règlementé Restriction en Europe : III/24 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Produits qui en contiennent

ZINC ACETATE SOLUTION About Zinc Acetate Solution Acetate Formula StructureZinc Acetate Solutions are moderate to highly concentrated liquid solutions of Zinc Acetate Solution. They are an excellent source of Zinc Acetate Solution for applications requiring solubilized materials. Zinc Acetate Solution Solution Synonyms Zinc Diacetate, Dicarbomethoxyzinc, Galzin, Zinc Cetate Anhydrous, Zinc Acetate Solution Dihydrate, Zinc Acetate Solution [USAN], Zinc Acetate Solution, Zinc(II) Acetate, Siltex CL 4, Zinc Diacetate Dihydrate, Octan Zinecnaty, Zinc di(Acetate), Acetic Acid, Zinc Salt Zinc Acetate Solution the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Zinc Acetate Solution Zinc Acetate Solution crystals Names IUPAC name Zinc Acetate Solution Infobox references Zinc Acetate Solution is a salt with the formula Zn(CH3CO2)2, which commonly occurs as the dihydrate Zn(CH3CO2)2·2H2O. Both the hydrate and the anhydrous forms are colorless solids that are commonly used in chemical synthesis and as dietary supplements. Zinc Acetate Solutions are prepared by the action of acetic acid on zinc carbonate or zinc metal. When used as a food additive, it Zinc Acetate Solution has been used in lozenges for treating the common cold.[1] Zinc Acetate Solution can also be used to treat zinc deficiencies.[2] As an oral daily supplement it is used to inhibit the body's absorption of copper as part of the treatment for Wilson's disease.[3] Zinc Acetate Solution is also sold as an astringent in the form of an ointment, a topical lotion, or combined with an antibiotic such as erythromycin for the topical treatment of acne.[4] It is commonly sold as a topical anti-itch ointment. Basic properties and structures In anhydrous Zinc Acetate Solution the zinc is coordinated to four oxygen atoms to give a tetrahedral environment, these tetrahedral polyhedra are then interconnected by acetate ligands to give a range of polymeric structures.[5][6][7] In contrast, most metal diacetates feature metals in octahedral coordination with bidentate acetate groups. In Zinc Acetate Solution dihydrate the zinc is octahedral, wherein both acetate groups are bidentate.[8][9] Basic Zinc Acetate Solution Heating Zn(CH3CO2)2 in a vacuum results in a loss of acetic anhydride, leaving a residue of basic Zinc Acetate Solution, with the formula Zn4O(CH3CO2)6. This cluster compound has the tetrahedral structure shown below. This species closely resembles the corresponding beryllium compound, although it is slightly expanded with Zn-O distances ~1.97 vs ~1.63 Å for Be4O(OAc)6.[10] Zinc lozenges and the common cold: a meta-analysis comparing Zinc Acetate Solution and zinc gluconate, and the role of zinc dosage. To compare the efficacy of Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges with zinc gluconate lozenges in common cold treatment and to examine the dose-dependency of the effect. Meta-analysis. Placebo-controlled zinc lozenge trials, in which the zinc dose was > 75 mg/day. The pooled effect of zinc lozenges on common cold duration was calculated by using inverse-variance random-effects method. Seven randomised trials with 575 participants with naturally acquired common colds. Duration of the common cold. The mean common cold duration was 33% (95% CI 21% to 45%) shorter for the zinc groups of the seven included trials. Three trials that used lozenges composed of Zinc Acetate Solution found that colds were shortened by 40% and four trials that used zinc gluconate by 28%. The difference between the two salts was not significant: 12 percentage points (95% CI: -12 to + 36). Five trials used zinc doses of 80-92 mg/day, common cold duration was reduced by 33%, and two trials used zinc doses of 192-207 mg/day and found an effect of 35%. The difference between the high-dose and low-dose zinc trials was not significant: 2 percentage points (95% CI: -29 to + 32). Properly composed zinc gluconate lozenges may be as effective as Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges. There is no evidence that zinc doses over 100 mg/day might lead to greater efficacy in the treatment of the common cold. Common cold patients may be encouraged to try zinc lozenges for treating their colds. The optimal lozenge composition and dosage scheme need to be investigated further. Digital selective growth of a ZnO nanowire array by large scale laser decomposition of Zinc Acetate Solution. We develop a digital direct writing method for ZnO NW micro-patterned growth on a large scale by selective laser decomposition of Zinc Acetate Solution. For ZnO NW growth, by replacing the bulk heating with the scanning focused laser as a fully digital local heat source, Zinc Acetate Solution crystallites can be selectively activated as a ZnO seed pattern to grow ZnO nanowires locally on a larger area. Together with the selective laser sintering process of metal nanoparticles, more than 10,000 UV sensors have been demonstrated on a 4 cm × 4 cm glass substrate to develop all-solution processible, all-laser mask-less digital fabrication of electronic devices including active layer and metal electrodes without any conventional vacuum deposition, photolithographic process, premade mask, high temperature and vacuum environment. Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges for treating the common cold: an individual patient data meta-analysis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the allergy status and other characteristics of common cold patients modify the effects of Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges. We had available individual patient data for three randomized placebo-controlled trials in which Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges were administered to common cold patients. We used both one stage and two stage meta-analysis to estimate the effects of zinc lozenges. The total number of common cold patients was 199, the majority being females. Eighty percent of them fell into the age range 20-50 years. One third of the patients had allergies. The one stage meta-analysis gave an overall estimate of 2.73 days (95% CI 1.8, 3.3 days) shorter colds by Zinc Acetate Solution lozenge usage. The two stage meta-analysis gave an estimate of 2.94 days (95% CI 2.1, 3.8 days) reduction in common cold duration. These estimates are to be compared with the 7 day average duration of colds in the three trials. The effect of zinc lozenges was not modified by allergy status, smoking, baseline severity of the common cold, age, gender or ethnic group. Since the effects of Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges were consistent between the compared subgroups, the overall estimates for effect seemed applicable over a wide range of common cold patients. While the optimal composition of zinc lozenges and the best frequency of their administration should be further investigated, given the current evidence of efficacy, common cold patients may be encouraged to try zinc lozenges for treating their colds. © 2016 The British Pharmacological Society. Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges for treating the common cold: an individual patient data meta‐analysis Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the allergy status and other characteristics of common cold patients modify the effects of Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges. Methods We had available individual patient data for three randomized placebo‐controlled trials in which Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges were administered to common cold patients. We used both one stage and two stage meta‐analysis to estimate the effects of zinc lozenges. Results The total number of common cold patients was 199, the majority being females. Eighty percent of them fell into the age range 20–50 years. One third of the patients had allergies. The one stage meta‐analysis gave an overall estimate of 2.73 days (95% CI 1.8, 3.3 days) shorter colds by Zinc Acetate Solution lozenge usage. The two stage meta‐analysis gave an estimate of 2.94 days (95% CI 2.1, 3.8 days) reduction in common cold duration. These estimates are to be compared with the 7 day average duration of colds in the three trials. The effect of zinc lozenges was not modified by allergy status, smoking, baseline severity of the common cold, age, gender or ethnic group. Conclusion Since the effects of Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges were consistent between the compared subgroups, the overall estimates for effect seemed applicable over a wide range of common cold patients. While the optimal composition of zinc lozenges and the best frequency of their administration should be further investigated, given the current evidence of efficacy, common cold patients may be encouraged to try zinc lozenges for treating their colds. PMID:27378206 The effectiveness of high dose Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges on various common cold symptoms: a meta-analysis. A previous meta-analysis found that high dose Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges reduced the duration of common colds by 42%, whereas low zinc doses had no effect. Lozenges are dissolved in the pharyngeal region, thus there might be some difference in the effect of zinc lozenges on the duration of respiratory symptoms in the pharyngeal region compared with the nasal region. The objective of this study was to determine whether Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges have different effects on the duration of common cold symptoms originating from different anatomical regions. We analyzed three randomized trials on Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges for the common cold administering zinc in doses of 80-92 mg/day. All three trials reported the effect of zinc on seven respiratory symptoms, and three systemic symptoms. We pooled the effects of zinc lozenges for each symptom and calculated point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges shortened the duration of nasal discharge by 34% (95% CI: 17% to 51%), nasal congestion by 37% (15% to 58%), sneezing by 22% (-1% to 45%), scratchy throat by 33% (8% to 59%), sore throat by 18% (-10% to 46%), hoarseness by 43% (3% to 83%), and cough by 46% (28% to 64%). Zinc lozenges shortened the duration of muscle ache by 54% (18% to 89%), but there was no difference in the duration of headache and fever. The effect of Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges on cold symptoms may be associated with the local availability of zinc from the lozenges, with the levels being highest in the pharyngeal region. However our findings indicate that the effects of zinc ions are not limited to the pharyngeal region. There is no indication that the effect of zinc lozenges on nasal symptoms is less than the effect on the symptoms of the pharyngeal region, which is more exposed to released zinc ions. Given that the adverse effects of zinc in the three trials were minor, Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges releasing zinc ions at doses of about 80 mg/day may be a useful treatment for the common cold Zinc Acetate Solution Lozenges May Improve the Recovery Rate of Common Cold Patients: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. A previous meta-analysis of 3 Zinc Acetate Solution lozenge trials estimated that colds were on average 40% shorter for the zinc groups. However, the duration of colds is a time outcome, and survival analysis may be a more informative approach. The objective of this individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to estimate the effect of Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges on the rate of recovery from colds. We analyzed IPD for 3 randomized placebo-controlled trials in which 80-92 mg/day of elemental zinc were administered as Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges to 199 common cold patients. We used mixed-effects Cox regression to estimate the effect of zinc. Patients administered zinc lozenges recovered faster by rate ratio 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.1-4.7). The effect was not modified by age, sex, race, allergy, smoking, or baseline common cold severity. On the 5th day, 70% of the zinc patients had recovered compared with 27% of the placebo patients. Accordingly, 2.6 times more patients were cured in the zinc group. The difference also corresponds to the number needed to treat of 2.3 on the 5th day. None of the studies observed serious adverse effects of zinc. The 3-fold increase in the rate of recovery from the common cold is a clinically important effect. The optimal formulation of zinc lozenges and an ideal frequency of their administration should be examined. Given the evidence of efficacy, common cold patients may be instructed to try Zinc Acetate Solution lozenges within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. Evaluation of the effect of Zinc Acetate Solution on the stratum corneum penetration kinetics of erythromycin in healthy male volunteers. Erythromycin with or without additional Zinc Acetate Solution is used topically in the treatment of acne vulgaris. A potential effect of zinc on the stratum corneum penetration of erythromycin was investigated in human volunteers. Skin surface washings and tape strippings from the skin of the back were collected after drug applications in 12 subjects for quantification of erythromycin levels. Zinc Acetate Solution increased the amount remaining on the back skin at 6 h after application from 40 +/- 19 to 56 +/- 15% of the dose and, vice versa, reduced the amount in stratum corneum strips from 22 +/- 7 to 18 +/- 7%, both with statistical significance. The effect varied with body region. Zinc Acetate Solution thus provided to prolong the residence time of erythromycin on the skin. Product Description As an ace manufacturer and trader of Zinc Acetate Solution Solution, we have marked our name very strongly in the market. It is used to treat zinc deficiencies. As an oral daily supplement it is used to inhibit the body''s absorption of copper as part of the treatment for Wilson''s disease. Zinc Acetate Solution is also sold as an astringent in the form of an ointment, a topical lotion, or combined with an antibiotic such as erythromycin for the topical treatment of acne. It is commonly sold as a topical anti-itch ointment. Zinc Acetate Solution Sciencemadness Wiki sitesinden Zinc Acetate Solution Zinc Acetate Solution dihydrate sample.jpg Sample of Zinc Acetate Solution dihydrate Names IUPAC name Zinc Acetate Solution Zinc Acetate Solution is a chemical compound with the formula Zn(CH3COO)2 the acetic acid salt of zinc, more commonly encountered as dihydrate, Zn(CH3COO)2·2 H2O. Zinc Acetate Solution reacts with bases to form insoluble zinc hydroxide: Zn(CH3COO)2 + 2 NaOH → 2 CH3COONa + Zn(OH)2 According to one paper, pyrolysis of anhydrous Zinc Acetate Solution (at reduced pressure) should yield acetic anhydride and leave behind basic Zinc Acetate Solution: Physical Zinc Acetate Solution is a solid crystalline, soluble in water. Its anhydrous form is hygroscopic and quickly turns into the dihydrate form upon standing in open air. It has a weak acetic smell. Availability Zinc Acetate Solution is available as food supplements and can be purchased online. To obtain the pure compound, you will have to dissolve the product in water and recrystallize it from the solution. Anhydrous Zinc Acetate Solution can be prepared by heating the dihydrate or refluxing it with toluene and collecting the water with a Dean-Stark apparatus. Preparation Zinc Acetate Solution can be prepared by adding zinc metal or zinc oxide to acetic acid. 2 CH3COOH + Zn → Zn(CH3COO)2 + H2 2 CH3COOH + ZnO → Zn(CH3COO)2 + H2O Vinegar can also be used as cheap source acetic acid. After all the zinc has dissolved, the solution is concentrated and cooled to crystallize solid Zinc Acetate Solution dihydrate. If vinegar was used, organic residue from the vinegar will be trapped in the Zinc Acetate Solution crystals. To remove the impurities, crush the resulting crystals and wash them thoroughly with an organic solvent. Multiple recrystallizations might be required to remove all the impurities. If anhydrous Zinc Acetate Solution is desired, you can dry the Zinc Acetate Solution dihydrate by refluxing it with toluene, and using a Dean-Stark apparatus to separate the water. Zinc Acetate Solution is slightly irritant due to the acetic acid resulting from hydrolysis, though this is not a problem when handling the compound. Storage Zinc Acetate Solution should be stored in closed bottles, away from moisture and acids, in a well ventilated place. Anhydrous Zinc Acetate Solution should be kept in air-tight containers. Disposal No special disposal is required for Zinc Acetate Solution, though it's best to dilute it strongly if you want to pour it down the drain. Alternatively, you can precipitate zinc hydroxide/oxide by adding an alkali to a solution of Zinc Acetate Solution. References Relevant Sciencemadness threads Zinc Acetate Solution Dihydrate Quick test for Zinc Acetate Solution? Separation of Cu(OAc)2 and Zn(OAc)2 FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing Zinc Acetate Solution dihydrate. The method is realised by dissolving powdered zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide in aqueous acetic acid solution with ratio of reactants - zinc oxide (zinc hydroxide):water:acetic acid equal to 1:(1.6-2.0):(1.8-2.2) by weight; the obtained solution is then evaporated to oversaturation, gradually cooled to 0-5°C and held for 15-20 hours. The crystalline hydrate of Zinc Acetate Solution precipitated from the solution is filtered and dried at 30-40°C. EFFECT: improved method of producing Zinc Acetate Solution dihydrate. 3 ex The invention relates to a technology for the production of salts of acetic acid, namely, two-water Zinc Acetate Solution. The invention can also be used to obtain two-water Zinc Acetate Solution depleted in the Zn 64 isotope, which is used as an additive in cooling systems of "light-water" nuclear reactors. The use of zinc dosing technology helps to reduce the radiation dose rate during scheduled repairs, reduce the accumulation of radioactive waste in equipment, improve the corrosion state and increase the life of primary pipelines, by reducing corrosion, which ultimately increases the operating life of the equipment. Two-water Zinc Acetate Solution depleted in the Zn 64 isotope is subject to more stringent requirements for chemical purity (99.8% content of the basic substance), different from the requirements for the reagent according to GOST 5823-78 of the chemically pure grade (basic content 99.5% of the substance). The disadvantage of this method is the high drying temperature of the product, in which the two-water Zinc Acetate Solution loses water, the crystals are weathering and partially decompose. The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method for producing two-water Zinc Acetate Solution (Yu.V. Karyakin, I.I. Engelov. Pure chemicals. - M .: Chemistry, 1976, p. 408), in which 20 ml % aqueous solution of acetic acid, heated to a temperature of 75-80 ° C, contribute 50 g of ZnO and filtered. Next, 8-10 ml of a 3% solution of H 2 O 2 is added to the solution, heated to boiling, and a 2% solution of Ba (CH 3 COO) 2 is added dropwise until insignificant amounts of SO 4 2- remain in the solution. Next, 5 g of freshly precipitated ZnCO 3 are added to the solution, the mixture is boiled for 5 minutes, then heated for another 40-50 minutes in a water bath (to coagulate the precipitate) and filtered. CH 3 COOH was poured into the filtrate to a faint odor and cooled. The precipitated crystals are sucked off on a Buchner funnel, and the mother liquor is evaporated to form a crystalline film and crystallized. The salt is dried at room temperature. The disadvantages of this method are: the multiplicity of technological operations, low chemical purity of two-water Zinc Acetate Solution. The claimed method differs from the prototype in that: zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide powder is dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a reagent ratio of zinc oxide (zinc hydroxide): water: acetic acid, equal to 1: (1.6-2.0) : (1.8-2.2) by weight, the resulting solution is evaporated to supersaturation, gradually cooled to a temperature of 0-5 ° C and maintained for 15-20 hours, the precipitated Zinc Acetate Solution crystalline hydrate is filtered and dried at a temperature of 30- 40 ° C. The content of the main substance in the resulting product is at least 99.8% (wt.). Example No. 1. The powder of zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide is dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid with a ratio of reagents - zinc oxide (zinc hydroxide): water: acetic acid, equal to 1: 1.6: 1.8 by weight. The resulting solution was evaporated to supersaturation, smoothly cooled to a temperature of 0-5 ° C, incubated for 15 hours. The crystallized Zinc Acetate Solution hydrate precipitated from the solution is filtered and dried at a temperature of 30 ° C. The content of the main substance in the resulting product is at least 99.8% (wt.). Example No. 2. The powder of zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide is dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid at a ratio of reagents - zinc oxide (zinc hydroxide): water: acetic acid, equal to 1: 1.8: 2.0 by weight. The resulting solution was evaporated to supersaturation, smoothly cooled to a temperature of 0-5 ° C, incubated for 18 hours. The Zinc Acetate Solution crystalline hydrate precipitated from the solution is filtered and dried at a temperature of 35 ° C. The content of the main substance in the resulting product is not less than 99.8% (wt.). Example No. 3. The powder of zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide is dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid at a ratio of reagents - zinc oxide (zinc hydroxide): water: acetic acid, equal to 1: 2.0: 2.2 by weight. The resulting solution was evaporated to supersaturation, gradually cooled to a temperature of 0-5 ° C, kept for 20 hours. The crystallized Zinc Acetate Solution hydrate precipitated from the solution is filtered and dried at a temperature of 40 ° C. The content of the main substance in the resulting product is at least 99.8% (wt.). When crystallization is carried out from a solution with a time of less than 15 hours, the yield of Zinc Acetate Solution does not exceed 70%. Conducting crystallization over time of more than 20 hours does not have a significant effect on increasing the yield of Zinc Acetate Solution. Carrying out drying at a temperature of less than 30 ° C increases the time of this technological stage. Drying at temperatures above 40 ° C leads to partial dehydration of crystals of two-water Zinc Acetate Solution. A method of producing a two-water Zinc Acetate Solution, characterized in that the powder of zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide is dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a ratio of reagents - zinc oxide (zinc hydroxide): water: acetic acid, equal to 1: (1.6-2.0 ) :( 1.8-2.2) by weight, the resulting solution was evaporated to supersaturation, gradually cooled to a temperature of 0-5 ° C and held for 15-20 hours, the precipitated Zinc Acetate Solution crystalline hydrate was filtered and dried at a temperature of 30 -40 ° C, the content of the main substance in the resulting product is not less than 99, 8 wt.%. What is Zinc Acetate Solution? Zinc Acetate Solution is used to treat and to prevent zinc deficiency. Zinc Acetate Solution may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. Important Information Before using Zinc Acetate Solution, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use Zinc Acetate Solution if you have certain medical conditions. Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb Zinc Acetate Solution. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. Zinc Acetate Solution can make certain antibiotics less effective. Tell your doctor about all other medications you are using before you start taking Zinc Acetate Solution. Before taking this medicine Before using Zinc Acetate Solution, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use Zinc Acetate Solution if you have certain medical conditions. It is not known whether Zinc Acetate Solution will harm an unborn baby. Do not take Zinc Acetate Solution without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether Zinc Acetate Solution passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. How should I take Zinc Acetate Solution? Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Take Zinc Acetate Solution with a full glass of water. Take Zinc Acetate Solution with food if it upsets your stomach. Your healthcare provider may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from Zinc Acetate Solution. The recommended dietary allowance of Zinc Acetate Solution increases with age. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions. You may also consult the National Academy of Sciences "Dietary Reference Intake" or the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "Dietary Reference Intake" (formerly "Recommended Daily Allowances" or RDA) listings for more information. What should I avoid while taking Zinc Acetate Solution? Avoid taking this medication with foods that are high in calcium or phosphorus, which can make it harder for your body to absorb Zinc Acetate Solution. Foods high in calcium or phosphorus include milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dried beans or peas, lentils, nuts, peanut butter, beer, cola soft drinks, and hot cocoa. Zinc Acetate Solution side effects Zinc Acetate Solution side effects (in more detail) Zinc Acetate Solution dosing information -When patient is clinically stable, treatment with Zinc Acetate Solution can begin; continue chelation therapy as clinically indicated. -When patient is clinically stable, treatment with Zinc Acetate Solution can begin; continue chelation therapy as clinically indicated. What other drugs will affect Zinc Acetate Solution? The following drugs can interact with or be made less effective by Zinc Acetate Solution. Tell your doctor if you are using any of these:. This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with Zinc Acetate Solution. Tell your healthcare provider about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. See also: Zinc Acetate Solution drug interactions (in more detail) What is the most important information I should know about Zinc Acetate Solution? Before using Zinc Acetate Solution, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, herbalist, or other healthcare provider. You may not be able to use Zinc Acetate Solution if you have certain medical conditions. It is not known whether Zinc Acetate Solution will harm an unborn baby. Do not take Zinc Acetate Solution without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether Zinc Acetate Solution passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Can I take Zinc Acetate Solution if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding? It is not known whether Zinc Acetate Solution will harm an unborn baby. Do not take Zinc Acetate Solution without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether Zinc Acetate Solution passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. How to take Zinc Acetate Solution? Use Zinc Acetate Solution exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Take Zinc Acetate Solution with a full glass of water. Take Zinc Acetate Solution with food if it upsets your stomach. Zinc Acetate Solution Uses of Zinc Acetate Solution Zinc Acetate Solution is used in the treatment of: Zinc Acetate Solution Brand Names Zinc Acetate Solution may be found in some form under the following brand names: Zinc Acetate Solution Drug Class Zinc Acetate Solution is part of the drug class: Various alimentary tract and metabolism products Zinc Acetate Solution Interactions This is not a complete list of Zinc Acetate Solutiondrug interactions. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. Zinc Acetate Solution and Pregnancy Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. The FDA categorizes medications based on safety for use during pregnancy. Five categories - A, B, C, D, and X, are used to classify the possible risks to an unborn baby when a medication is taken during pregnancy. Zinc Acetate Solution falls into category A: When pregnant women used Zinc Acetate Solution, their babies did not show any problems related to this medication. Zinc Acetate Solution Dosage Take Zinc Acetate Solution exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully. The Zinc Acetate Solution dose your doctor recommends will be based on the following (use any or all that apply): Zinc Acetate Solution is available in the following doses: Antipyrine/benzocaine/Zinc Acetate Solution Otic 54 Mg-10 Mg-10 Mg/ml Otic Solution Benzyl Alcohol-Zinc Acetate Solution Topical 10%-2% Topical Cream Benzyl Alcohol-Zinc Acetate Solution Topical 10%-2% Topical Lotion Chloroxylenol/pramoxine/Zinc Acetate Solution Otic 0.1%-0.5%-0.1% Otic Drops Chloroxylenol/pramoxine/Zinc Acetate Solution Otic 0.1%-1%-1% Otic Drops Diphenhydramine Topical 1% Topical Gel Diphenhydramine Topical 2% Topical Stick Diphenhydramine-Zinc Acetate Solution Topical 1%-0.1% Topical Cream Diphenhydramine-Zinc Acetate Solution Topical 2%-0.1% Topical Cream Diphenhydramine-Zinc Acetate Solution Topical 2%-0.1% Topical Spray Diphenhydramine-Zinc Acetate Solution Topical 2%-0.1% Topical Stick Pramoxine Topical Topical Lotion Pramoxine-Zinc Acetate Solution Topical 1%-0.1% Topical Lotion Zinc Acetate Solution 25 Mg Oral Capsule Zinc Acetate Solution 50 Mg Oral Capsule Zinc Acetate Solution Compounding Powder Zinc Acetate Solution Topical 2% Topical Lotion Forms of Medication Zinc Acetate Solution is available in the following forms:

Boric acid, zinc salt; Borsäure, Zinksalz (German); ácido bórico, sal de cinc (Spanish); Acide borique, sel de zinc (French); cas no: 1332-07-6

ZINC CARBONATE N° CAS : 3486-35-9 "Bien" dans toutes les catégories. Nom INCI : ZINC CARBONATE Nom chimique : Zinc carbonate (CI 77950) N° EINECS/ELINCS : 222-477-6 Ses fonctions (INCI) Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques

ZnCl;TRIS;ZnCl2;Zinco;8VTE 1L;TRISMAT;Zinc chL;zintrace;ai3-04470;Zinctrace CAS No.7646-85-7

Zinc Chloride Zinc chloride is the name of chemical compounds with the formula ZnCl2 and its hydrates. Zinc chlorides, of which nine crystalline forms are known, are colorless or white, and are highly soluble in water. This white salt is hygroscopic and even deliquescent. Samples should therefore be protected from sources of moisture, including the water vapor present in ambient air. Zinc chloride finds wide application in textile processing, metallurgical fluxes, and chemical synthesis. No mineral with this chemical composition is known aside from the very rare mineral simonkolleite, Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O. Properties Chemical formula ZnCl2 Molar mass 136.315 g/mol Appearance white crystalline solid hygroscopic and very deliquescent Odor odorless Density 2.907 g/cm3 Melting point 290 °C (554 °F; 563 K)[1] Boiling point 732 °C (1,350 °F; 1,005 K)[1] Solubility in water 432.0 g/ 100 g (25 °C) Solubility soluble in ethanol, glycerol and acetone Solubility in alcohol 430.0 g/100ml Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −65.0·10−6 cm3/mol Hydrates Five hydrates of zinc chloride are known: ZnCl2(H2O)n with n = 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3 and 4.[14] The tetrahydrate ZnCl2(H2O)4 crystallizes from aqueous solutions of zinc chloride. Preparation and purification Anhydrous ZnCl2 can be prepared from zinc and hydrogen chloride: Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 Hydrated forms and aqueous solutions may be readily prepared similarly by treating Zn metal, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, and zinc sulfide with hydrochloric acid: ZnS + 2 HCl + 4 H2O → ZnCl2(H2O)4 + H2S Unlike many other elements, zinc essentially exists in only one oxidation state, 2+, which simplifies purification of the chloride. Commercial samples of zinc chloride typically contain water and products from hydrolysis as impurities. Such samples may be purified by recrystallization from hot dioxane. Anhydrous samples can be purified by sublimation in a stream of hydrogen chloride gas, followed by heating the sublimate to 400 °C in a stream of dry nitrogen gas.[15] Finally, the simplest method relies on treating the zinc chloride with thionyl chloride.[16] Reactions Molten anhydrous ZnCl2 at 500–700 °C dissolves zinc metal, and, on rapid cooling of the melt, a yellow diamagnetic glass is formed, which Raman studies indicate contains the Zn2+ 2 ion.[14] A number of salts containing the tetrachlorozincate anion, ZnCl2−4, are known.[10] "Caulton's reagent", V2Cl3(thf)6Zn2Cl6 is an example of a salt containing Zn2Cl2−6. The compound Cs3ZnCl5 contains tetrahedral ZnCl2−4 and Cl− anions. No compounds containing the ZnCl4−6 ion have been characterized. Whilst zinc chloride is very soluble in water, solutions cannot be considered to contain simply solvated Zn2+ ions and Cl− ions, ZnClxH2O(4−x) species are also present. Aqueous solutions of ZnCl2 are acidic: a 6 M aqueous solution has a pH of 1.[14] The acidity of aqueous ZnCl2 solutions relative to solutions of other Zn2+ salts is due to the formation of the tetrahedral chloro aqua complexes where the reduction in coordination number from 6 to 4 further reduces the strength of the O–H bonds in the solvated water molecules.[22] In alkali solution in the presence of OH− ion various zinc hydroxychloride anions are present in solution, e.g. Zn(OH)3Cl2−, Zn(OH)2Cl2−2, ZnOHCl2−3, and Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O (simonkolleite) precipitates. When ammonia is bubbled through a solution of zinc chloride, the hydroxide does not precipitate, instead compounds containing complexed ammonia (ammines) are produced, Zn(NH3)4Cl2·H2O and on concentration ZnCl2(NH3)2.[24] The former contains the Zn(NH3)62+ ion,[5] and the latter is molecular with a distorted tetrahedral geometry.[25] The species in aqueous solution have been investigated and show that Zn(NH3)42+ is the main species present with Zn(NH3)3Cl+ also present at lower NH3:Zn ratio. Aqueous zinc chloride reacts with zinc oxide to form an amorphous cement that was first investigated in the 1855 by Stanislas Sorel. Sorel later went on to investigate the related magnesium oxychloride cement, which bears his name. When hydrated zinc chloride is heated, one obtains a residue of Zn(OH)Cl e.g. ZnCl2·2H2O → ZnCl(OH) + HCl + H2O The compound ZnCl2·1⁄2HCl·H2O may be prepared by careful precipitation from a solution of ZnCl2 acidified with HCl. It contains a polymeric anion (Zn2Cl5−)n with balancing monohydrated hydronium ions, H5O2+ ions. The formation of highly reactive anhydrous HCl gas formed when zinc chloride hydrates are heated is the basis of qualitative inorganic spot tests. The use of zinc chloride as a flux, sometimes in a mixture with ammonium chloride (see also Zinc ammonium chloride), involves the production of HCl and its subsequent reaction with surface oxides. Zinc chloride forms two salts with ammonium chloride: (NH4)2ZnCl4 and (NH4)3ClZnCl4, which decompose on heating liberating HCl, just as zinc chloride hydrate does. The action of zinc chloride/ammonium chloride fluxes, for example, in the hot-dip galvanizing process produces H2 gas and ammonia fumes.[31] Cellulose dissolves in aqueous solutions of ZnCl2, and zinc-cellulose complexes have been detected.[32] Cellulose also dissolves in molten ZnCl2 hydrate and carboxylation and acetylation performed on the cellulose polymer.[33] Thus, although many zinc salts have different formulas and different crystal structures, these salts behave very similarly in aqueous solution. For example, solutions prepared from any of the polymorphs of ZnCl2, as well as other halides (bromide, iodide), and the sulfate can often be used interchangeably for the preparation of other zinc compounds. Illustrative is the preparation of zinc carbonate: ZnCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → ZnCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) Applications As a metallurgical flux Zinc chloride reacts with metal oxides (MO) to give derivatives of the idealized formula MZnOCl2.[34][additional citation(s) needed] This reaction is relevant to the utility of ZnCl2 solution as a flux for soldering — it dissolves passivating oxides, exposing the clean metal surface.[34] Fluxes with ZnCl2 as an active ingredient are sometimes called "tinner's fluid". In organic synthesis Zinc chloride is a useful Lewis acid in organic chemistry.[35] Molten zinc chloride catalyses the conversion of methanol to hexamethylbenzene: 15 CH3OH → C6(CH3)6 + 3 CH4 + 15 H2O Other examples include catalyzing (A) the Fischer indole synthesis,[37] and also (B) Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions involving activated aromatic rings Related to the latter is the classical preparation of the dye fluorescein from phthalic anhydride and resorcinol, which involves a Friedel-Crafts acylation. This transformation has in fact been accomplished using even the hydrated ZnCl2 sample shown in the picture above. The combination of hydrochloric acid and ZnCl2, known as the "Lucas reagent", is effective for the preparation of alkyl chlorides from alcohols. Zinc chloride also activates benzylic and allylic halides towards substitution by weak nucleophiles such as alkenes:[41] In similar fashion, ZnCl2 promotes selective NaBH3CN reduction of tertiary, allylic or benzylic halides to the corresponding hydrocarbons. Zinc chloride is also a useful starting reagent for the synthesis of many organozinc reagents, such as those used in the palladium catalyzed Negishi coupling with aryl halides or vinyl halides.[42] In such cases the organozinc compound is usually prepared by transmetallation from an organolithium or a Grignard reagent, for example: Zinc enolates, prepared from alkali metal enolates and ZnCl2, provide control of stereochemistry in aldol condensation reactions due to chelation on to the zinc. In the example shown below, the threo product was favored over the erythro by a factor of 5:1 when ZnCl2 in DME/ether was used.[43] The chelate is more stable when the bulky phenyl group is pseudo-equatorial rather than pseudo-axial, i.e., threo rather than erythro. In textile and paper processing Concentrated aqueous solutions of zinc chloride (more than 64% weight/weight zinc chloride in water) have dissolving starch, silk, and cellulose. Relevant to its affinity for these materials, ZnCl2 is used as a fireproofing agent and in fabric "refresheners" such as Febreze. Vulcanized fibre is made by soaking paper in concentrated zinc chloride. Smoke grenades The zinc chloride smoke mixture ("HC") used in smoke grenades contains zinc oxide, hexachloroethane and granular aluminium powder, which, when ignited, react to form zinc chloride, carbon and aluminium oxide smoke, an effective smoke screen.[44] Fingerprint detection Ninhydrin reacts with amino acids and amines to form a colored compound "Ruhemann's purple" (RP). Spraying with a zinc chloride solution forms a 1:1 complex RP:ZnCl(H2O)2, which is more readily detected as it fluoresces more intensely than RP.[45] Disinfectant and wood preservative Dilute aqueous zinc chloride was used as a disinfectant under the name "Burnett's Disinfecting Fluid". [46] From 1839 Sir William Burnett promoted its use as a disinfectant as well as a wood preservative.[47] The Royal Navy conducted trials into its use as a disinfectant in the late 1840s, including during the cholera epidemic of 1849; and at the same time experiments were conducted into its preservative properties as applicable to the shipbuilding and railway industries. Burnett had some commercial success with his eponymous fluid. Following his death however, its use was largely superseded by that of carbolic acid and other proprietary products. Skin cancer treatment Zinc chloride has been used in alternative medicine to cause eschars, scabs of dead tissue, in an attempt to cure skin cancers.[48] Various products, such as Cansema or "black salve", containing zinc chloride and sold as cancer cures have been listed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as fake [49] with warning letters being sent to suppliers.[50] Scarring and skin damage are associated with escharotic substances. Safety Zinc chloride is a chemical irritant of the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. General description Electrodeposition of zinc on glassy carbon and nickel substrates in zinc chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride molten salt is studied.[4] Application Zinc Chloride may be used: • as catalyst in knoevenagel condensation of carbonyl substrates with acidic methylene reagents[3] • in the preparation of porous carbon nanofibers, useful in the fabrication of efficient electrodes for supercapacitors[5] • as a catalyst in preparation of poly(propylene fumarate)[6] • in the low temperature synthesis of nanocrystalline zinc oxide films[1] • in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with low agglomeration. Aqueous suspensions of the nanoparticles displayed high transmittance in the visible light range, but exhibited strong absorption in the UV range. Zinc Chloride is a chemical compound, which is composed of zinc and chlorine. It is a hygroscopic white crystalline ionic salt with the chemical formula ZnCl2. Zinc Chloride is soluble in mediums such as water, glycerol, ether and alcohol. Since Zinc chloride is a deliquescent, it must be protected from sources of moisture such as water vapor. Synthesis and Purification Anhydrous zinc chloride is synthesized by treating zinc with hydrogen chloride. Zn(s) + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2(g) Whereas, hydrated and aqueous forms of zinc chloride are prepared by treating zinc with hydrochloric acid. Zinc metal could either be in the form of zinc sulfide or zinc oxide. ZnS(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2S(g) There are impurities present in zinc chloride samples due to hydrolysis. The purification of chloride is simple due to the existence one oxidation state (2+) of zinc. Purification can be done through recrystallization from dioxane (hot). The purification of anhydrous zinc chloride can be done through sublimation with hydrogen chloride gas, followed by the subsequent heating of the sublimate to around 400 °C with dry nitrogen gas. Zinc chloride can also be purified by treating it with thionyl chloride. USES Zinc Chloride has numerous applications in different industries, including pharmaceuticals, health care and paper manufacturing industry. Chemical products are also formulated using zinc chloride. The uses of zinc chloride, based on the type of the industry are as follows: 1. Chemical industry - Zinc chloride is used in the manufacture of various dyes, intermediate chemicals and solvents such as ethyl acetate. 2. Organic product synthesis - Organic products are synthesized in the laboratory for Lewis acid reaction and various other reactions. It also used as a catalyst in organic processes. 3. Metallurgical Industry - It is used a metal etchant and a metallurgical flux. Zinc chloride is used a flux for the soldering process. It is also used in the manufacture of magnesia cement, which is used as an active ingredient for dental fillings and mouthwashes. 4. Printing and Textile industry - Around 64% zinc chloride in water is used to dissolve silk, cellulose and starch. It finds many other applications such as fire proofing agents and fabric refreshers. Vulcanized fibers are manufactured by soaking paper in concentrated zinc chloride. Zinc chloride is used as a mordant in dyeing and printing materials. 5. Petroleum - Zinc chloride is a powerful emulsion breaker, which separates oil from water. 6. Dry cell - Zinc chloride is used in dry cell batteries as an electrolyte. 7. Other Uses - It is used as a condensing agent, dehydrating agent, wood preservative, deodorant and disinfectant. Conclusion Zinc chloride finds numerous applications in various industries, and its scope will increase through research, with the course of time. However, this chemical is known to cause skin irritations, gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea, nausea and pulmonary issues, which can be averted through the adoption of apt safety measures at the chemical manufacturing laboratories and plants. Buy and Sell excess Zinc Chloride online from the best trading portal for the chemical industry. Zinc chloride had the greatest irritancy potential, causing parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, inflammatory changes in the epidermis and superficial dermis, and acanthosis of the follicular epithelia. Receiving dissolving zinc or its oxide in hydrochloric acid, followed by evaporation of the solution; heating molten zinc in a chlorine stream. Application calico printing; making dental cements; antiseptic impregnation of wood (for example, sleepers); cleaning the surface of metals from oxides before brazing (known as "Soldering acid"); component in the production of fiber; refining of molten zinc alloys; fractional analysis of coal samples; in galvanic cells. Toxicity Zinc chloride is highly toxic and a strong irritant. Causes skin burns. Eye contact is especially dangerous. Zinc Chloride is the name of chemical compounds with the formula ZnCl 2 and its hydrates. Zinc chlorides, of which nine crystalline forms are known, are colorless or white and well soluble in water. ZnCl 2 itself is hygroscopic and even spreads. Therefore, samples must be protected from sources of moisture, including water vapor present in the ambient air. Zinc chloride is widely used in textile processing, metallurgical fluxes, and chemical synthesis. No mineral with such a chemical composition is known, except very rare mineral of simoncolleite Zn 5 (OH) 8 Cl 2 · H 2 O. Zinc chloride is also called zinc chloride and zinc dichloride. Zinc Chloride This chemical reagent has a fairly wide range of applications. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is white crystals or flakes, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, capable of absorbing water vapor from the environment. Main characteristics - Complete lack of smell. - Solubility, which differs depending on the temperature of the water. For example, at a temperature of 25 ° C in 100 g of water, you can dissolve 432 g of zinc chloride, and at a temperature of 100 ° C - already 614 g. On average, the compound has 80 percent solubility in water. Along with water, acetone, ethyl alcohol, ether and glycerin are good solvents for zinc chloride. - Not flammable. - It is toxic by inhalation, in contact with the skin and mucous membranes, it causes chemical burns, therefore it is necessary to work with this substance using protective equipment. Production Industrial production of zinc chloride is carried out in two ways. In the first, zinc is dissolved in hydrochloric acid. Moreover, for this method, both pure zinc and its oxides and even zinc-containing secondary raw materials are suitable. After dissolution, the solution is evaporated. The second method involves the use of zinc in liquid or (less often) granular form. Chlorine is fed to the zinc, while the zinc is heated to a temperature of 420 ° C. Zinc chloride is purified by sublimation; production standards are prescribed in GOST 7345-78 and 4529-78. Storage and transportation Zinc dichloride The storage area must be dry and well ventilated. It is important to exclude the possibility of spillage and spillage of the compound (if it is transported in the form of a solution), for which it is recommended to use sealed containers. The shelf life, on average, is from 2 months to six months. Zinc dichloride is transported in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods that apply to this type of transport. During transportation, the reagent must be hermetically packed, and the container must be marked in accordance with GOST 19433-88. ZnCl2 is transported and stored usually in sealed tanks or barrels. Application Zinc chloride is widely used in completely different fields of industry. The most common areas of its use: - In dentistry for the production of cements. - For printing drawings on calico, in the production of dyes, including for dyes of cotton fabrics, in the light industry. - For the production of refractory impregnations of various materials. - For oil refining. - As a dehumidifier. - In the coal industry - for conducting fractional tests of coal samples. - In woodworking for antiseptic impregnation of wood. - In metallurgy for the refining of melts, for the purification of metals from the oxide layer. - In the manufacture of batteries. In alkali solution in the presence of OH− ion various zinc hydroxychloride anions are present in solution, e.g. Zn(OH)3Cl2−, Zn(OH)2Cl2−2, ZnOHCl2−3, and Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O (simonkolleite) precipitates.[22] When ammonia is bubbled through a solution of zinc chloride, the hydroxide does not precipitate, instead compounds containing complexed ammonia (ammines) are produced, Zn(NH3)4Cl2·H2O and on concentration ZnCl2(NH3)2.[23] The former contains the Zn(NH3)62+ ion [4], and the latter is molecular with a distorted tetrahedral geometry.[24] The species in aqueous solution have been investigated and show that Zn(NH3)42+ is the main species present with Zn(NH3)3Cl+ also present at lower NH3:Zn ratio. Aqueous zinc chloride reacts with zinc oxide to form an amorphous cement that was first investigated in the 1855 by Stanislas Sorel. Sorel later went on to investigate the related magnesium oxychloride cement, which bears his name.When hydrated zinc chloride is heated, one obtains a residue of Zn(OH)Cl e.g. ZnCl2·2H2O → ZnCl(OH) + HCl + H2O The compound ZnCl2·1⁄2HCl·H2O may be prepared by careful precipitation from a solution of ZnCl2 acidified with HCl. It contains a polymeric anion (Zn2Cl5−)n with balancing monohydrated hydronium ions, H5O2+ ions.The formation of highly reactive anhydrous HCl gas formed when zinc chloride hydrates are heated is the basis of qualitative inorganic spot tests. The use of zinc chloride as a flux, sometimes in a mixture with ammonium chloride (see also Zinc ammonium chloride), involves the production of HCl and its subsequent reaction with surface oxides. Zinc chloride forms two salts with ammonium chloride: (NH4)2ZnCl4 and (NH4)3ClZnCl4, which decompose on heating liberating HCl, just as zinc chloride hydrate does. The action of zinc chloride/ammonium chloride fluxes, for example, in the hot-dip galvanizing process produces H2 gas and ammonia fumes. Cellulose dissolves in aqueous solutions of ZnCl2, and zinc-cellulose complexes have been detected.Cellulose also dissolves in molten ZnCl2 hydrate and carboxylation and acetylation performed on the cellulose polymer. Thus, although many zinc salts have different formulas and different crystal structures, these salts behave very similarly in aqueous solution. For example, solutions prepared from any of the polymorphs of ZnCl2, as well as other halides (bromide, iodide), and the sulfate can often be used interchangeably for the preparation of other zinc compounds. Illustrative is the preparation of zinc carbonate: ZnCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → ZnCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) Applications As a metallurgical flux Zinc chloride has the ability to react with metal oxides (MO) to give derivatives of the formula MZnOCl2.[additional citation(s) needed] This reaction is relevant to the utility of ZnCl2 solution as a flux for soldering — it dissolves oxide coatings, exposing the clean metal surface.[33] Fluxes with ZnCl2 as an active ingredient are sometimes called "tinner's fluid". Typically this flux was prepared by dissolving zinc foil in dilute hydrochloric acid until the liquid ceased to evolve hydrogen; for this reason, such flux was once known as "killed spirits". Because of its corrosive nature, this flux is not suitable for situations where any residue cannot be cleaned away, such as electronic work. This property also leads to its use in the manufacture of magnesia cements for dental fillings and certain mouthwashes as an active ingredient. In organic synthesis An early use of zinc chloride (Silzic) was in building carbon skeletons by condensation of methanol molecules. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are the major products, with reaction conditions influencing the distribution of products, though some aromatic compounds were formed.[34] In 1880, it was found that molten zinc chloride catalyses an aromatization reaction generating hexamethylbenzene. At the melting point of ZnCl2 (283 °C), the reaction has a ΔG = −1090 kJ/mol and can be idealised as 15 CH3OH → C6(CH3)6 + 3 CH4 + 15 H2O The discoverers of this reaction rationalized it as involving condensation of methylene units followed by complete Friedel-Crafts methylation of the resulting benzene ring with chloromethane generated in situ.Such an alkylation transformation is an application of zinc chloride's moderate strength as a Lewis acid, which is its principal role in laboratory synthesis. Other examples include catalyzing (A) the Fischer indole synthesis,and also (B) Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions involving activated aromatic rings. Related to the latter is the classical preparation of the dye fluorescein from phthalic anhydride and resorcinol, which involves a Friedel-Crafts acylation. This transformation has in fact been accomplished using even the hydrated ZnCl2 sample shown. Hydrochloric acid alone reacts poorly with primary alcohols and secondary alcohols, but a combination of HCl with ZnCl2 (known together as the "Lucas reagent") is effective for the preparation of alkyl chlorides. Typical reactions are conducted at 130 °C. This reaction probably proceeds via an SN2 mechanism with primary alcohols but SN1 pathway with secondary alcohols. Zinc chloride also activates benzylic and allylic halides towards substitution by weak nucleophiles such as alkenes:In similar fashion, ZnCl2 promotes selective NaBH3CN reduction of tertiary, allylic or benzylic halides to the corresponding hydrocarbons. Zinc chloride is also a useful starting reagent for the synthesis of many organozinc reagents, such as those used in the palladium catalyzed Negishi coupling with aryl halides or vinyl halides.In such cases the organozinc compound is usually prepared by transmetallation from an organolithium or a Grignard reagent, for example:Zinc enolates, prepared from alkali metal enolates and ZnCl2, provide control of stereochemistry in aldol condensation reactions due to chelation on to the zinc. In the example shown below, the threo product was favored over the erythro by a factor of 5:1 when ZnCl2 in DME/ether was used.The chelate is more stable when the bulky phenyl group is pseudo-equatorial rather than pseudo-axial, i.e., threo rather than erythro. In textile and paper processing Concentrated aqueous solutions of zinc chloride (more than 64% weight/weight zinc chloride in water) have the interesting property of dissolving starch, silk, and cellulose. Thus, such solutions cannot be filtered through standard filter papers. Relevant to its affinity for these materials, ZnCl2 is used as a fireproofing agent and in fabric "refresheners" such as Febreze. Vulcanized fibre is made by soaking paper in concentrated zinc chloride. Smoke grenades The zinc chloride smoke mixture ("HC") used in smoke grenades contains zinc oxide, hexachloroethane and granular aluminium powder, which, when ignited, react to form zinc chloride, carbon and aluminium oxide smoke, an effective smoke screen. Fingerprint detection Ninhydrin reacts with amino acids and amines to form a colored compound "Ruhemann's purple" (RP). Spraying with a zinc chloride solution forms a 1:1 complex RP:ZnCl(H2O)2, which is more readily detected as it fluoresces better than Ruhemann's purple. Disinfectant Historically, a dilute aqueous solution of zinc chloride was used as a disinfectant under the name "Burnett's Disinfecting Fluid". [45] It is also used in some commercial brands of antiseptic mouthwash. Skin cancer treatment Zinc chloride has been used in alternative medicine to cause eschars, scabs of dead tissue, in an attempt to cure skin cancers.[46] Various products, such as Cansema or "black salve", containing zinc chloride and sold as cancer cures have been listed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as fake [47] with warning letters being sent to suppliers. Numerous reports in medical literature describe serious scarring and damage to normal skin by escharotic substances. Given these side-effects, its use in treatment is not warranted as there are much safer and more effective alternatives, such as radiation therapy and Mohs surgery.[49][50] Safety Zinc chloride is a skin irritant. After contact of the skin, immediate removal is necessary using soap and plenty of water. After contact of the eyes, adequate measures are rinsing with plenty of water or other eye rinse and contacting an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.[51] Zinc chloride is caustic to the gastrointestinal tract, occasionally leading to hematemesis. Symptoms of acute intoxication are gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Vomiting occurs almost universally. The lethal dose in humans is 3–5 g.[citation needed] Decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract after oral uptake of zinc compounds is mostly unnecessary, since patients usually vomit sufficiently. Milk may be administered to decrease absorption of the metal. Zinc levels may be normalized with EDTA salts.[51] Zinc chloride is extremely detrimental to the lungs, and pulmonary exposure to zinc chloride smoke has previously resulted in fatalities.Inhalation of fumes of zinc, zinc oxide, or zinc chloride leads to pulmonary edema and metal fume fever. Onset occurs within 4–6 h and may be delayed up to 8 h. Symptoms include rapid breathing, dyspnea, cough, fever, shivering, sweating, chest and leg pain, myalgias, fatigue, metallic taste, salivation, thirst, and leukocytosis, which can last from 24 to 48 h. In cases of fume inhalation, cortisone preparations should be applied immediately (e.g., by inhalation of Auxiloson) to avoid development of lung edema. Compounds In chemical compounds, zinc exhibits almost exclusively a +2 oxidation state. A few compounds of zinc in the +1 state have been reported, but never any compounds of zinc in the +3 state or higher. Zinc chloride is a chemical compound whose formula is ZnCl2, with a molecular weight of 136.3 g / mol. This product is hygroscopic and deliquescent and therefore must be protected from moisture, even that contained in the atmosphere. Applications: One of the main applications of zinc chloride is to act as an electrolyte in dry batteries (zinc-carbon). Zinc chloride has the ability to attack the metal oxides, this property allowing its use as flux in the weld metal, dissolving the oxide layers, and leaving the metal surface clean. Zinc chloride is used in various fields such as water treatment, as a fireproofing agent in textile processing and in the manufacture of bactericides, fungicides and stabilizers for plastics. USES Dry Cell or Batteries: Zinc Chloride is commonly used in dry cell batteries as an electrolyte where it also acts as a moisture absorbent and corrosion inhibitor. ZnCl2 is an excellent water soluble Zinc source for uses compatible with chlorides. Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. the item is generally immediately available in most volumes and high purity. A zinc chloride battery is a heavy duty variation of a zinc carbon battery. It is used in applications that require moderate to heavy current drains. Zinc chloride batteries have better voltage discharge per time characteristics and better low temperature performance than carbon zinc batteries. They batteries are used in radios, flashlights, lanterns, fluorescent lanterns, motor driven devices, portable audio equipments, communications equipments, electronic games, calculators, and remote control transmitters. Electroplating : Today, there are three primary types of acid zinc plating baths: straight ammonium chloride, straight potassium chloride and mixed ammonium chloride/potassium chloride. Acid zinc plating systems have several advantages over alkaline cyanide and alkaline non-cyanide zinc plating systems except that in acid zinc plating, the electrolyte is extremely corrosive. Ammonium chloride zinc plating. The ammonium chloride bath is the most forgiving of the three major types of acid zinc plating because of its wide operating parameters. The primary drawback of this system is the high level of ammonia, which can cause problems in wastewater treatment. Ammonia acts as a chelator, and if the rinse waters are not segregated from other waste streams, removal of metals to acceptable levels using standard water treatment practices can be difficult and expensive. Ammonia is also regulated in many communities. Potassium chloride zinc plating. Potassium chloride zinc plating solutions are attractive because they contain no ammonia. The disadvantages of this system are a greater tendency to burn on extreme edges and higher operating costs. The potassium bath also requires the use of relatively expensive boric acid to buffer the solution and prevent burning in the high-current-density areas, functions performed by the ammonium chloride in the other systems. Mixed ammonium chloride/potassium chloride zinc plating. This bath combines the best of the ammonia and ammonia-free baths. Because potassium chloride is less expensive than ammonium chloride, the maintenance costs of the mixed bath are lower than the ammonia bath, and it does not require boric acid. The ammonia levels in the rinse waters are low enough that it does not significantly interfere with wastewater treatment, even if plating nickel and copper in the same plant with mixed waste streams. If local regulations restrict the level of ammonia discharged, special waste treatment equipment will be required, and the non-ammonia bath is most likely the best choice. Galvanizing, Soldering and Tinning Fluxes: Zinc Chloride is used in fluxes for galvanizing, soldering and tinning. Its ability to remove oxides and salts from metal surfaces insures good metal to metal bonding. It has the ability to attack metal oxides (MO) to give derivatives of the formula MZnOCl2. This reaction is relevant to the utility of ZnCl2 as a flux for soldering - it dissolves oxide coatings exposing the clean metal

Dichlorozinc 60% ; Zinc dichloride cas no:7646-85-7

Zinc bis[O,O-dioctyl dithiophosphate]; zinc bis(O,O-dioctyl) bis(dithiophosphate); Bis(dithiophosphoric acid O,O-dioctyl)zinc salt; Zinc, bis(O,O-dioctyl phosphorodithioato-S,S')-, (T-4)- CAS NO:7059-16-7

ZINC CITRATE PREMIUM FORMULA - Our Zinc citrate Tablets are the made with high quality Zinc Citrate 3rd Part Lab Tested - Our All Best Naturals Products come with 3rd Party Independent Lab Tested Zinc citrate Supplement supports healthy immune function & Supports Enzyme Functions No Artificial Color, Flavor or Sweetener, No Preservatives, No Sugar, No Starch, No Corn, No Soy, No Egg, No Lactose, No Gluten, No Wheat, No Yeast, No Fish TOP QUALITY GMP CERTIFIED PRODUCTS - All Best Naturals products are manufactured in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), among the highest standards in the world -- Proudly Made in USA -- Purity & Potency. Brand Solgar Ingredients Zinc citrate (as zinc citrate) Amt Per Serving:30 mg % Daily Value :200%,,Other Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable cellulose, vegetable magnesium stearate, vegetable stearic acid. Serving Description 1 Vegetable Capsule Diet Type Gluten Free, Kosher, Vegan Material type free GMO Free, Gluten Free About this item Optimal Absorption; Solgar Zinc Citrate contains the citrate form of Zinc citrate to help promote optimal absorption; The 30 mg of Zinc citrate in this formulation represents 273% of the recommended daily value Immune Support; Zinc citrate exerts antioxidant activity and can support a healthy immune system; It also supports cell growth and DNA formation, as well as normal taste and vision Collagen Support; Zinc citrate contributes to healthy skin, nails, and hair; It plays a role in the synthesis of collagen in bone tissue Non GMO, Gluten Free, And Kosher; Solgar Zinc Citrate Vegetable Capsules are suitable for vegans; Free of: gluten, wheat, dairy, soy, yeast, sugar, sodium, artificial flavor and sweetener The Gold Standard: For over 70 years Solgar has been committed to quality, health, and well-being. Our mission is to create the finest nutritional supplements in small batches, through tireless research, using only the finest raw materials What Are Zinc citrate Supplements Good For? Benefits and More Types Benefits Dosage Safety & Side Effects Bottom Line If you buy something through a link on this page, we may earn a small commission. How this works. Zinc citrate is an essential micronutrient that is crucial to almost every aspect of your health. It’s second only to iron as the most abundant trace mineral in your body (1Trusted Source). Available in many different forms, Zinc citrate supplements are often used to treat an array of ailments. Research shows that this mineral may enhance immune function, stabilize blood sugar levels, and help keep your skin, eyes, and heart healthy. This article reviews the types, benefits, dosage recommendations, and potential side effects of Zinc citrate supplements. Types of Zinc citrate Supplements When choosing a Zinc citrate supplement, you’ll likely notice that there are many different types available. These various forms of Zinc citrate impact health in distinct ways. Here are a few you might find on the market: Zinc citrate gluconate: As one of the most common over-the-counter forms of Zinc citrate, Zinc citrate gluconate is often used in cold remedies, such as lozenges and nasal sprays (2). Zinc citrate acetate: Like Zinc citrate gluconate, Zinc citrate acetate is often added to cold lozenges to reduce symptoms and speed up the rate of recovery (3Trusted Source). Zinc citrate sulfate: In addition to helping prevent Zinc citrate deficiency, Zinc citrate sulfate has been shown to reduce the severity of acne (4Trusted Source). Zinc citrate picolinate: Some research suggests that your body may absorb this form better than other types of Zinc citrate, including Zinc citrate gluconate and zinc citrate (5Trusted Source). Zinc citrate orotate: This form is bound to orotic acid and one of the most common types of Zinc citrate supplements on the market (6). Zinc citrate: One study showed that this type of Zinc citrate supplement is as well-absorbed as Zinc citrate gluconate but has a less bitter, more appealing taste (7Trusted Source). Because it’s one of the most widely available and cost-effective forms of Zinc citrate, Zinc citrate gluconate can be a good option to help bump up your intake without breaking your bank. However, if you’re able to invest a bit more, Zinc citrate picolinate may be better absorbed. Available in capsule, tablet, and lozenge form, there are plenty of options to get your daily dose of Zinc citrate — regardless of the type you choose. However, keep in mind that nasal sprays containing Zinc citrate have been linked to loss of smell and should be avoided (8Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source). SUMMARY There are several forms of Zinc citrate supplements that impact your health in unique ways. They’re generally available in capsule, tablet, and lozenge form. Zinc citrate -containing nasal sprays should be avoided. Potential Benefits Zinc citrate is vital for many aspects of health and has been associated with a variety of benefits. May Improve Immune Function Many over-the-counter medications and natural remedies feature Zinc citrate due to its ability to boost immune function and fight inflammation. One review of seven studies showed that Zinc citrate lozenges containing 80-92 mg of Zinc citrate may reduce common cold duration by up to 33% (10Trusted Source). Zinc citrate may also act as an antioxidant, helping reduce inflammation and protecting against chronic conditions, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes (11Trusted Source, 12Trusted Source). One study in 50 older adults found that taking 45 mg of Zinc citrate gluconate for one year decreased several markers of inflammation and reduced the frequency of infections (13Trusted Source). May Promote Blood Sugar Control Zinc citrate is well known for its role in blood sugar control and insulin secretion. Insulin is the hormone responsible for transporting sugar from your bloodstream to your tissues (14Trusted Source). Some research suggests that Zinc citrate may help keep blood sugar levels steady and improve your body’s sensitivity to insulin. One review reported that Zinc citrate supplements were effective at enhancing both short-term and long-term blood sugar control in people with diabetes (15Trusted Source). Other research shows that Zinc citrate may help reduce insulin resistance, which can improve your body’s ability to use insulin efficiently to maintain normal blood sugar levels (16Trusted Source, 17Trusted Source). Helps Fight Acne Zinc citrate supplements are often used to promote skin health and treat common skin conditions like acne (18Trusted Source). Zinc citrate sulfate has been shown to be especially useful for decreasing symptoms of severe acne (4Trusted Source). A 3-month study in 332 people found that taking 30 mg of elemental Zinc citrate — a term that refers to the actual amount of Zinc citrate found in a supplement — was effective at treating inflammatory acne (19Trusted Source). Zinc citrate supplements are also often favored over other treatment methods as they’re inexpensive, effective, and associated with far fewer side effects (18Trusted Source). May Improve Heart Health Heart disease is a serious problem, accounting for roughly 33% of deaths worldwide (20Trusted Source). Some research shows that taking Zinc citrate may improve several risk factors for heart disease and may even lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels. A review of 24 studies found that Zinc citrate supplements helped decrease levels of total and “bad” LDL cholesterol, as well as blood triglycerides, which could potentially aid in preventing heart disease (21Trusted Source). Additionally, one study in 40 young women showed that higher intakes of Zinc citrate were linked to lower levels of systolic blood pressure (the top number of a reading) (22Trusted Source). However, research evaluating the effects of supplements on blood pressure is limited (22Trusted Source). Other research suggests that low levels of serum Zinc citrate may be associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease, but findings remain inconclusive (23Trusted Source). Slows Macular Degeneration Macular degeneration is a common eye disease and one of the leading causes of vision loss around the globe (24Trusted Source). Zinc citrate supplements are often used to slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and help protect against vision loss and blindness. One study in 72 people with AMD showed that taking 50 mg of Zinc citrate sulfate daily for three months slowed the progression of the disease (25Trusted Source). Similarly, another review of 10 studies reported that supplementing with Zinc citrate was effective at reducing the risk of progression to advanced macular degeneration (26Trusted Source). However, other studies in the review suggested that Zinc citrate supplements alone may not produce significant vision improvements and should be paired with other treatment options to maximize results (26Trusted Source). SUMMARY Zinc citrate may reduce the duration of cold symptoms, support blood sugar control, improve severe and inflammatory acne, decrease heart disease risk, and slow the progression of macular degeneration. Weight management options have evolved Take our quiz to learn more about techniques and tips that will help you achieve your goals. Dosage How much Zinc citrate you should take per day depends on the type, as each supplement contains a different amount of elemental Zinc citrate. For example, Zinc citrate sulfate consists of about 23% elemental Zinc citrate, so 220 mg of Zinc citrate sulfate would equate to about 50 mg of Zinc citrate (27). This amount is usually listed on the label of your supplement, making it easy to determine how much you should take to meet your daily needs. For adults, the recommended daily dosage is typically 15–30 mg of elemental Zinc citrate (4Trusted Source, 28Trusted Source). Higher doses have been used for treating certain conditions, including acne, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. However, due to the potential side effects associated with excess Zinc citrate consumption, it’s best not to exceed the upper limit of 40 mg per day — unless under medical supervision (27). SUMMARY Different Zinc citrate supplements contain varying concentrations of elemental Zinc citrate. The recommended dosage for daily supplements is 15–30 mg. Safety and Side Effects When used as directed, Zinc citrate supplements can be a safe and effective way to increase your Zinc citrate intake and improve several aspects of your health. However, they have been associated with adverse side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain (29, 30Trusted Source). Exceeding 40 mg per day of elemental Zinc citrate can cause flu-like symptoms, such as fever, coughing, headache, and fatigue (31Trusted Source). Zinc citrate can also interfere with your body’s ability to absorb copper, potentially leading to a deficiency in this key mineral over time (32Trusted Source). Furthermore, Zinc citrate supplements have been shown to interfere with the absorption of certain antibiotics, reducing their effectiveness if taken at the same time (27). To reduce your risk of side effects, stick to the recommended dosage and avoid exceeding the tolerable upper limit of 40 mg per day — unless under medical supervision. If you experience any negative side effects after taking Zinc citrate supplements, decrease your dosage and consider consulting with your healthcare professional if symptoms persist. SUMMARY Zinc citrate can cause negative side effects, including digestive issues and flu-like symptoms. It may also interfere with the absorption of copper and reduce the effectiveness of certain antibiotics. Zinc citrate is a mineral essential to many aspects of health. Supplementing with 15–30 mg of elemental Zinc citrate daily may improve immunity, blood sugar levels, and eye, heart, and skin health. Be sure not to exceed the upper limit of 40 mg. Zinc citrate’s side effects include digestive issues, flu-like symptoms, and reduced copper absorption and antibiotic effectiveness. Zinc citrate supplements are widely available online, at your local health store, or pharmacy. Plus, if you want to try and increase your Zinc citrate intake through your diet, many foods are rich in this mineral, such as nuts, seeds, legumes, meat, seafood, and dairy. ZINC CITRATE 30 MG VEGETABLE CAPSULES WRITE A REVIEW Zinc citrate promotes healthy skin, supports normal taste and vision, and promotes the synthesis of collagen in bone tissue.* It also supports cell growth and DNA formation.* It exerts antioxidant activity and can support a healthy immune system.* The citrate form of Zinc citrate in this formulation helps to promote optimal absorption.* Zinc Citrate is a nutritional supplement containing the Zinc citrate salt form of citric acid for the purpose of providing Zinc citrate. As an essential trace element, Zinc citrate is of key importance in many biological processes, acts as an antioxidant and strengthens the immune system. Zinc Citrate is a nutritional supplement containing the Zinc citrate salt form of citric acid for the purpose of providing Zinc citrate. As an essential trace element, Zinc citrate is of key importance in many biological processes, acts as an antioxidant and strengthens the immune system. Although the mechanism of action is not completely known, Zinc citrate supplementation may be used to increase immunity against viruses or may interfere with the replication of certain viruses, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV). Zinc citrate is a Zinc citrate salt of citric acid. It is available as dietary supplements as a treatment of Zinc citrate deficiency and source of Zinc citrate, which is an essential trace element. Zinc citrate demonstrates effective absorption following oral administration. Zinc citrate trihydrate Drug Entry Zinc citrate Zinc citrate is a Zinc citrate salt of citric acid. It is available as dietary supplements as a treatment of Zinc citrate deficiency and source of Zinc citrate, which is an essential trace element. Zinc citrate demonstrates effective absorption following oral administration The water-soluble Zinc citrate salts gluconate, sulfate, and acetate are commonly used as supplements in tablet or syrup form to prevent Zinc citrate deficiency and to treat diarrhea in children in combination with oral rehydration. Zinc citrate is an alternative compound with high Zinc citrate content, slightly soluble in water, which has better sensory properties in syrups but no absorption data in humans. We used the double-isotope tracer method with 67Zn and 70Zn to measure Zinc citrate absorption from zinc citrate given as supplements containing 10 mg of Zinc citrate to 15 healthy adults without food and compared absorption with that from Zinc citrate gluconate and Zinc citrate oxide (insoluble in water) using a randomized, double-masked, 3-way crossover design. Median (IQR) fractional absorption of Zinc citrate from zinc citrate was 61.3% (56.6–71.0) and was not different from that from Zinc citrate gluconate with 60.9% (50.6–71.7). Absorption from Zinc citrate oxide at 49.9% (40.9–57.7) was significantly lower than from both other supplements (P < 0.01). Three participants had little or no absorption from Zinc citrate oxide. We conclude that zinc citrate, given as a supplement without food, is as well absorbed by healthy adults as Zinc citrate gluconate and may thus be a useful alternative for preventing Zinc citrate deficiency and treating diarrhea. The more insoluble Zinc citrate oxide is less well absorbed when given as a supplement without food and may be minimally absorbed by some individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01576627. Go to: Introduction Zinc citrate is an essential trace element that has a critical role in maintaining structural and catalytic functions of >200 enzymes involved in major metabolic pathways, including nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell division (1). Although it remains difficult to define Zinc citrate status, Zinc citrate deficiency appears to be common among children in many developing countries, negatively affecting physical growth, immune competence, neural development, and reproductive outcomes, and increasing morbidity and mortality (2). The WHO considers Zinc citrate deficiency to be a major contributor to the burden of disease in developing countries, especially in those with a high mortality rate (3). Several factors contribute to the development of Zinc citrate deficiency, including increased requirements at certain stages of the life cycle, malabsorption, impaired utilization, and increased losses attributable to repeated diarrhea. However, most often the primary cause of Zinc citrate deficiency is inadequate dietary Zinc citrate intake and low bioavailability of Zinc citrate attributable to the consumption of plant-based diets that are high in phytic acid, thus inhibiting Zinc citrate absorption (2). Zinc citrate is lost in greater quantities during diarrhea, and Zinc citrate supplements have been successfully used to treat diarrhea (4). WHO guidelines for the treatment of diarrhea recommend Zinc citrate supplementation in combination with oral rehydration salts solution (5). The WHO recommends the use of the water-soluble compounds Zinc citrate sulfate (23% Zinc citrate), Zinc citrate acetate (30% Zinc citrate), or Zinc citrate gluconate (14% Zinc citrate) in the form of syrups or dispersible tablets for diarrhea management in infants (6). However, Zinc citrate sulfate and Zinc citrate acetate have a strong metallic, bitter, and astringent taste that needs to be masked. Moreover, the low Zinc citrate content of Zinc citrate gluconate makes this compound more expensive. Of the Zinc citrate compounds permitted in the European Union for use as supplements or for food fortification, Zinc citrate sulfate (water soluble, Zinc citrate content of 23%) and Zinc citrate oxide (water insoluble, Zinc citrate content of 80%) are the least expensive and most commonly used (2). An alternative Zinc citrate compound with promising sensory properties is Zinc citrate citrate (Markus Gerhart, Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg, Ladenburg, Germany, personal communication). This compound has a high Zinc citrate content of 31%, is slightly soluble in water, is odorless, and has a relatively low cost (2). However, there are no human absorption data to support the use of zinc citrate. Zinc citrate promotes healthy skin, supports normal taste and vision, and promotes the synthesis of collagen in bone tissue.* It also supports cell growth and DNA formation.* It exerts antioxidant activity and can support a healthy immune system.* The citrate form of Zinc citrate in this formulation helps to promote optimal absorption.* Zinc Citrate is a nutritional supplement containing the Zinc citrate salt form of citric acid for the purpose of providing Zinc citrate. As an essential trace element, Zinc citrate is of key importance in many biological processes, acts as an antioxidant and strengthens the immune system. Zinc Citrate is a nutritional supplement containing the Zinc citrate salt form of citric acid for the purpose of providing Zinc citrate. As an essential trace element, Zinc citrate is of key importance in many biological processes, acts as an antioxidant and strengthens the immune system. Although the mechanism of action is not completely known, Zinc citrate supplementation may be used to increase immunity against viruses or may interfere with the replication of certain viruses, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV). Zinc citrate is a Zinc citrate salt of citric acid. It is available as dietary supplements as a treatment of Zinc citrate deficiency and source of Zinc citrate, which is an essential trace element. Zinc citrate demonstrates effective absorption following oral administration. Zinc citrate trihydrate Drug Entry Zinc citrate Zinc citrate is a Zinc citrate salt of citric acid. It is available as dietary supplements as a treatment of Zinc citrate deficiency and source of Zinc citrate, which is an essential trace element. Zinc citrate demonstrates effective absorption following oral administration The water-soluble Zinc citrate salts gluconate, sulfate, and acetate are commonly used as supplements in tablet or syrup form to prevent Zinc citrate deficiency and to treat diarrhea in children in combination with oral rehydration. Zinc citrate is an alternative compound with high Zinc citrate content, slightly soluble in water, which has better sensory properties in syrups but no absorption data in humans. We used the double-isotope tracer method with 67Zn and 70Zn to measure Zinc citrate absorption from zinc citrate given as supplements containing 10 mg of Zinc citrate to 15 healthy adults without food and compared absorption with that from Zinc citrate gluconate and Zinc citrate oxide (insoluble in water) using a randomized, double-masked, 3-way crossover design. Median (IQR) fractional absorption of Zinc citrate from zinc citrate was 61.3% (56.6–71.0) and was not different from that from Zinc citrate gluconate with 60.9% (50.6–71.7). Absorption from Zinc citrate oxide at 49.9% (40.9–57.7) was significantly lower than from both other supplements (P < 0.01). Three participants had little or no absorption from Zinc citrate oxide. We conclude that zinc citrate, given as a supplement without food, is as well absorbed by healthy adults as Zinc citrate gluconate and may thus be a useful alternative for preventing Zinc citrate deficiency and treating diarrhea. The more insoluble Zinc citrate oxide is less well absorbed when given as a supplement without food and may be minimally absorbed by some individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01576627. Go to: Introduction Zinc citrate is an essential trace element that has a critical role in maintaining structural and catalytic functions of >200 enzymes involved in major metabolic pathways, including nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell division (1). Although it remains difficult to define Zinc citrate status, Zinc citrate deficiency appears to be common among children in many developing countries, negatively affecting physical growth, immune competence, neural development, and reproductive outcomes, and increasing morbidity and mortality (2). The WHO considers Zinc citrate deficiency to be a major contributor to the burden of disease in developing countries, especially in those with a high mortality rate (3). Several factors contribute to the development of Zinc citrate deficiency, including increased requirements at certain stages of the life cycle, malabsorption, impaired utilization, and increased losses attributable to repeated diarrhea. However, most often the primary cause of Zinc citrate deficiency is inadequate dietary Zinc citrate intake and low bioavailability of Zinc citrate attributable to the consumption of plant-based diets that are high in phytic acid, thus inhibiting Zinc citrate absorption (2). Zinc citrate is lost in greater quantities during diarrhea, and Zinc citrate supplements have been successfully used to treat diarrhea (4). WHO guidelines for the treatment of diarrhea recommend Zinc citrate supplementation in combination with oral rehydration salts solution (5). The WHO recommends the use of the water-soluble compounds Zinc citrate sulfate (23% Zinc citrate), Zinc citrate acetate (30% Zinc citrate), or Zinc citrate gluconate (14% Zinc citrate) in the form of syrups or dispersible tablets for diarrhea management in infants (6). However, Zinc citrate sulfate and Zinc citrate acetate have a strong metallic, bitter, and astringent taste that needs to be masked. Moreover, the low Zinc citrate content of Zinc citrate gluconate makes this compound more expensive. Of the Zinc citrate compounds permitted in the European Union for use as supplements or for food fortification, Zinc citrate sulfate (water soluble, Zinc citrate content of 23%) and Zinc citrate oxide (water insoluble, Zinc citrate content of 80%) are the least expensive and most commonly used (2). An alternative Zinc citrate compound with promising sensory properties is Zinc citrate citrate (Markus Gerhart, Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg, Ladenburg, Germany, personal communication). This compound has a high Zinc citrate content of 31%, is slightly soluble in water, is odorless, and has a relatively low cost (2). However, there are no human absorption data to support the use of zinc citrate.

ZINC GLYCINATE N° CAS : 14281-83-5 Nom INCI : ZINC GLYCINATE Nom chimique : Glycine, Zinc Salt N° EINECS/ELINCS : 238-173-1 Classification : Règlementé Restriction en Europe : III/24 Ses fonctions (INCI) Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques

ZINC LACTATE N° CAS : 16039-53-5 Nom INCI : ZINC LACTATE Nom chimique : Zinc dilactate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 240-178-9 Classification : Règlementé Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Restriction en Europe : III/24 Ses fonctions (INCI) Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables

ZINC LAURATE N° CAS : 2452-01-9 Nom INCI : ZINC LAURATE Nom chimique : Zinc dilaurate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 219-518-5 Ses fonctions (INCI) Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

ZINC MYRISTATE N° CAS : 16260-27-8 Nom INCI : ZINC MYRISTATE Nom chimique : Zinc dimyristate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 240-369-7 Ses fonctions (INCI) Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

SYNONYMS Zinc white; Zinc flowers ; C.I. pigment white 4; ZnO; CAS NO. 1314-13-2

Zinc Oxide Zinc Oxide is a wide-band gap semiconductor of the II-VI semiconductor group. The native doping of the semiconductor due to oxygen vacancies or zinc interstitials is n-type. Other favorable properties include good transparency, high electron mobility, wide band gap, and strong room-temperature luminescence. Those properties make ZnO valuable for a variety of emerging applications: transparent electrodes in liquid crystal displays, energy-saving or heat-protecting windows, and electronics as thin-film transistors and light-emitting diodes. Chemical properties of Zinc Oxide Pure Zinc oxide is a white powder, but in nature Zinc oxide occurs as the rare mineral zincite, which usually contains manganese and other impurities that confer a yellow to red color. Crystalline zinc oxide is thermochromic, changing from white to yellow when heated in air and reverting to white on cooling. This color change is caused by a small loss of oxygen to the environment at high temperatures to form the non-stoichiometric Zn1+xO, where at 800 °C, x = 0.00007. Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide. It is nearly insoluble in water, but it will dissolve in most acids, such as hydrochloric acid: Zinc oxide + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O Solid zinc oxide will also dissolve in alkalis to give soluble zincates: Zinc oxide + 2 NaOH + H2O → Na2[Zn(OH)4] Zinc oxide reacts slowly with fatty acids in oils to produce the corresponding carboxylates, such as oleate or stearate. Zinc oxide forms cement-like products when mixed with a strong aqueous solution of zinc chloride and these are best described as zinc hydroxy chlorides. This cement was used in dentistry. Hopeite Zinc oxide also forms cement-like material when treated with phosphoric acid; related materials are used in dentistry. A major component of zinc phosphate cement produced by this reaction is hopeite, Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O. Zinc oxide decomposes into zinc vapor and oxygen at around 1975 °C with a standard oxygen pressure. In a carbothermic reaction, heating with carbon converts the oxide into zinc vapor at a much lower temperature (around 950 °C). Zinc oxide + C → Zn(Vapor) + CO Physical properties of Zinc oxide Zinc oxide crystallizes in two main forms, hexagonal wurtzite and cubic zincblende. The wurtzite structure is most stable at ambient conditions and thus most common. The zincblende form can be stabilized by growing Zinc oxide on substrates with cubic lattice structure. In both cases, the zinc and oxide centers are tetrahedral, the most characteristic geometry for Zn(II). Zinc oxide converts to the rocksalt motif at relatively high pressures about 10 GPa. The many remarkable medical properties of creams containing Zinc oxide can be explained by its elastic softness, which is characteristic of tetrahedral coordinated binary compounds close to the transition to octahedral structures. Hexagonal and zincblende polymorphs have no inversion symmetry (reflection of a crystal relative to any given point does not transform it into itself). This and other lattice symmetry properties result in piezoelectricity of the hexagonal and zincblende Zinc oxide, and pyroelectricity of hexagonal Zinc oxide. The hexagonal structure has a point group 6 mm (Hermann-Mauguin notation) or C6v (Schoenflies notation), and the space group is P63mc or C6v4. The lattice constants are a = 3.25 Å and c = 5.2 Å; their ratio c/a ~ 1.60 is close to the ideal value for hexagonal cell c/a = 1.633. As in most group II-VI materials, the bonding in Zinc oxide is largely ionic (Zn2+–O2−) with the corresponding radii of 0.074 nm for Zn2+ and 0.140 nm for O2−. This property accounts for the preferential formation of wurtzite rather than zinc blende structure, as well as the strong piezoelectricity of Zinc oxide. Because of the polar Zn-O bonds, zinc and oxygen planes are electrically charged. To maintain electrical neutrality, those planes reconstruct at atomic level in most relative materials, but not in Zinc oxide – its surfaces are atomically flat, stable and exhibit no reconstruction. However, studies using wurtzoid structures explained the origin of surface flatness and the absence of reconstruction at Zinc oxide wurtzite surfaces in addition to the origin of charges on Zinc oxide planes. Mechanical properties of Zinc oxide Zinc oxide is a relatively soft material with approximate hardness of 4.5 on the Mohs scale. Its elastic constants are smaller than those of relevant III-V semiconductors, such as GaN. The high heat capacity and heat conductivity, low thermal expansion and high melting temperature of Zinc oxide are beneficial for ceramics. The E2 optical phonon in Zinc oxide exhibits an unusually long lifetime of 133 ps at 10 K. Among the tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors, it has been stated that Zinc oxide has the highest piezoelectric tensor, or at least one comparable to that of GaN and AlN. This property makes it a technologically important material for many piezoelectrical applications, which require a large electromechanical coupling. Therefore Zinc oxide has been in forms of thin film one of the most studied resonator material for thin-film bulk acoustic resonators. Electrical properties of Zinc oxide Zinc oxide has a relatively large direct band gap of ~3.3 eV at room temperature. Advantages associated with a large band gap include higher breakdown voltages, ability to sustain large electric fields, lower electronic noise, and high-temperature and high-power operation. The band gap of Zinc oxide can further be tuned to ~3–4 eV by its alloying with magnesium oxide or cadmium oxide. Most Zinc oxide has n-type character, even in the absence of intentional doping. Nonstoichiometry is typically the origin of n-type character, but the subject remains controversial. An alternative explanation has been proposed, based on theoretical calculations, that unintentional substitutional hydrogen impurities are responsible. Controllable n-type doping is easily achieved by substituting Zn with group-III elements such as Al, Ga, In or by substituting oxygen with group-VII elements chlorine or iodine. Reliable p-type doping of Zinc oxide remains difficult. This problem originates from low solubility of p-type dopants and their compensation by abundant n-type impurities. This problem is observed with GaN and ZnSe. Measurement of p-type in "intrinsically" n-type material is complicated by the inhomogeneity of samples. Current limitations to p-doping limit electronic and optoelectronic applications of Zinc oxide, which usually require junctions of n-type and p-type material. Known p-type dopants include group-I elements Li, Na, K; group-V elements N, P and As; as well as copper and silver. However, many of these form deep acceptors and do not produce significant p-type conduction at room temperature. Electron mobility of Zinc oxide strongly varies with temperature and has a maximum of ~2000 cm2/(V·s) at 80 K. Data on hole mobility are scarce with values in the range 5–30 cm2/(V·s). Zinc oxide discs, acting as a varistor, are the active material in most surge arresters. Production of Zinc oxide For industrial use, Zinc oxide is produced at levels of 105 tons per year by three main processes: Indirect process of Zinc oxide In the indirect or French process, metallic zinc is melted in a graphite crucible and vaporized at temperatures above 907 °C (typically around 1000 °C). Zinc vapor reacts with the oxygen in the air to give Zinc oxide, accompanied by a drop in its temperature and bright luminescence. Zinc oxide particles are transported into a cooling duct and collected in a bag house. This indirect method was popularized by LeClaire (France) in 1844 and therefore is commonly known as the French process. Its product normally consists of agglomerated zinc oxide particles with an average size of 0.1 to a few micrometers. By weight, most of the world's zinc oxide is manufactured via French process. Direct process of Zinc oxide The direct or American process starts with diverse contaminated zinc composites, such as zinc ores or smelter by-products. The zinc precursors are reduced (carbothermal reduction) by heating with a source of carbon such as anthracite to produce zinc vapor, which is then oxidized as in the indirect process. Because of the lower purity of the source material, the final product is also of lower quality in the direct process as compared to the indirect one. Wet chemical process A small amount of industrial production involves wet chemical processes, which start with aqueous solutions of zinc salts, from which zinc carbonate or zinc hydroxide is precipitated. The solid precipitate is then calcined at temperatures around 800 °C. Laboratory synthesis The red and green colors of these synthetic Zinc oxide crystals result from different concentrations of oxygen vacancies. Numerous specialised methods exist for producing Zinc oxide for scientific studies and niche applications. These methods can be classified by the resulting Zinc oxide form (bulk, thin film, nanowire), temperature ("low", that is close to room temperature or "high", that is T ~ 1000 °C), process type (vapor deposition or growth from solution) and other parameters. Large single crystals (many cubic centimeters) can be grown by the gas transport (vapor-phase deposition), hydrothermal synthesis, or melt growth. However, because of high vapor pressure of Zinc oxide, growth from the melt is problematic. Growth by gas transport is difficult to control, leaving the hydrothermal method as a preference. Thin films can be produced by chemical vapor deposition, metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy, electrodeposition, pulsed laser deposition, sputtering, sol-gel synthesis, atomic layer deposition, spray pyrolysis, etc. Ordinary white powdered zinc oxide can be produced in the laboratory by electrolyzing a solution of sodium bicarbonate with a zinc anode. Zinc hydroxide and hydrogen gas are produced. The zinc hydroxide upon heating decomposes to zinc oxide. Zn + 2 H2O → Zn(OH)2 + H2 Zn(OH)2 → Zinc oxide + H2O Zinc oxide nanostructures Nanostructures of Zinc oxide can be synthesized into a variety of morphologies including nanowires, nanorods, tetrapods, nanobelts, nanoflowers, nanoparticles etc. Nanostructures can be obtained with most above-mentioned techniques, at certain conditions, and also with the vapor-liquid-solid method. The synthesis is typically carried out at temperatures of about 90 °C, in an equimolar aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and hexamine, the latter providing the basic environment. Certain additives, such as polyethylene glycol or polyethylenimine, can improve the aspect ratio of the Zinc oxide nanowires. Doping of the Zinc oxide nanowires has been achieved by adding other metal nitrates to the growth solution. The morphology of the resulting nanostructures can be tuned by changing the parameters relating to the precursor composition (such as the zinc concentration and pH) or to the thermal treatment (such as the temperature and heating rate). Aligned Zinc oxide nanowires on pre-seeded silicon, glass, and gallium nitride substrates have been grown using aqueous zinc salts such as zinc nitrate and zinc acetate in basic environments. Pre-seeding substrates with Zinc oxide creates sites for homogeneous nucleation of Zinc oxide crystal during the synthesis. Common pre-seeding methods include in-situ thermal decomposition of zinc acetate crystallites, spincoating of Zinc oxide nanoparticles and the use of physical vapor deposition methods to deposit Zinc oxide thin films. Pre-seeding can be performed in conjunction with top down patterning methods such as electron beam lithography and nanosphere lithography to designate nucleation sites prior to growth. Aligned Zinc oxide nanowires can be used in dye-sensitized solar cells and field emission devices. History of Zinc oxide Zinc compounds were probably used by early humans, in processed and unprocessed forms, as a paint or medicinal ointment, but their composition is uncertain. The use of pushpanjan, probably zinc oxide, as a salve for eyes and open wounds, is mentioned in the Indian medical text the Charaka Samhita, thought to date from 500 BC or before. Zinc oxide ointment is also mentioned by the Greek physician Dioscorides (1st century AD). Galen suggested treating ulcerating cancers with zinc oxide, as did Avicenna in his The Canon of Medicine. Zinc oxide is no longer used for treating skin cancer, though it is still used as an ingredient in products such as baby powder and creams against diaper rashes, calamine cream, anti-dandruff shampoos, and antiseptic ointments. The Romans produced considerable quantities of brass (an alloy of zinc and copper) as early as 200 BC by a cementation process where copper was reacted with zinc oxide. The zinc oxide is thought to have been produced by heating zinc ore in a shaft furnace. This liberated metallic zinc as a vapor, which then ascended the flue and condensed as the oxide. This process was described by Dioscorides in the 1st century AD. Zinc oxide has also been recovered from zinc mines at Zawar in India, dating from the second half of the first millennium BC. From the 12th to the 16th century zinc and zinc oxide were recognized and produced in India using a primitive form of the direct synthesis process. From India, zinc manufacture moved to China in the 17th century. In 1743, the first European zinc smelter was established in Bristol, United Kingdom. Around 1782 Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau proposed replacing lead white with zinc oxide. The main usage of zinc oxide (zinc white) was in paints and as an additive to ointments. Zinc white was accepted as a pigment in oil paintings by 1834 but it did not mix well with oil. This problem was solved by optimizing the synthesis of Zinc oxide. In 1845, LeClaire in Paris was producing the oil paint on a large scale, and by 1850, zinc white was being manufactured throughout Europe. The success of zinc white paint was due to its advantages over the traditional white lead: zinc white is essentially permanent in sunlight, it is not blackened by sulfur-bearing air, it is non-toxic and more economical. Because zinc white is so "clean" it is valuable for making tints with other colors, but it makes a rather brittle dry film when unmixed with other colors. For example, during the late 1890s and early 1900s, some artists used zinc white as a ground for their oil paintings. All those paintings developed cracks over the years. In recent times, most zinc oxide was used in the rubber industry to resist corrosion. In the 1970s, the second largest application of Zinc oxide was photocopying. High-quality Zinc oxide produced by the "French process" was added to photocopying paper as a filler. This application was soon displaced by titanium. Applications of Zinc oxide The applications of zinc oxide powder are numerous, and the principal ones are summarized below. Most applications exploit the reactivity of the oxide as a precursor to other zinc compounds. For material science applications, zinc oxide has high refractive index, high thermal conductivity, binding, antibacterial and UV-protection properties. Consequently, it is added into materials and products including plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, rubber, lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesive, sealants, concrete manufacturing, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, etc. Rubber manufacture of Zinc oxide Between 50% and 60% of Zinc oxide use is in the rubber industry. Zinc oxide along with stearic acid is used in the vulcanization of rubber Zinc oxide additive also protect rubber from fungi (see medical applications) and UV light. Ceramic industry Ceramic industry consumes a significant amount of zinc oxide, in particular in ceramic glaze and frit compositions. The relatively high heat capacity, thermal conductivity and high temperature stability of Zinc oxide coupled with a comparatively low coefficient of expansion are desirable properties in the production of ceramics. Zinc oxide affects the melting point and optical properties of the glazes, enamels, and ceramic formulations. Zinc oxide as a low expansion, secondary flux improves the elasticity of glazes by reducing the change in viscosity as a function of temperature and helps prevent crazing and shivering. By substituting Zinc oxide for BaO and PbO, the heat capacity is decreased and the thermal conductivity is increased. Zinc in small amounts improves the development of glossy and brilliant surfaces. However, in moderate to high amounts, it produces matte and crystalline surfaces. With regard to color, zinc has a complicated influence. Medicine Zinc oxide as a mixture with about 0.5% iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) is called calamine and is used in calamine lotion. Two minerals, zincite and hemimorphite, have been historically called calamine. When mixed with eugenol, a ligand, zinc oxide eugenol is formed, which has applications as a restorative and prosthodontic in dentistry. Reflecting the basic properties of Zinc oxide, fine particles of the oxide have deodorizing and antibacterial properties and for that reason are added into materials including cotton fabric, rubber, oral care products, and food packaging. Enhanced antibacterial action of fine particles compared to bulk material is not exclusive to Zinc oxide and is observed for other materials, such as silver. This property results from the increased surface area of the fine particles. Zinc oxide is used in mouthwash products and toothpastes as an anti-bacterial agent proposed to prevent plaque and tartar formation, and to control bad breath by reducing the volatile gases and volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) in the mouth. Along with zinc oxide or zinc salts, these products also commonly contain other active ingredients, such as cetylpyridinium chloride, xylitol, hinokitiol, essential oils and plant extracts. Zinc oxide is widely used to treat a variety of skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, itching due to eczema, diaper rash and acne. Zinc oxide is also often added into sunscreens. It is used in products such as baby powder and barrier creams to treat diaper rashes, calamine cream, anti-dandruff shampoos, and antiseptic ointments. It is also a component in tape (called "zinc oxide tape") used by athletes as a bandage to prevent soft tissue damage during workouts. Zinc oxide can be used in ointments, creams, and lotions to protect against sunburn and other damage to the skin caused by ultraviolet light (see sunscreen). It is the broadest spectrum UVA and UVB absorber that is approved for use as a sunscreen by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and is completely photostable. When used as an ingredient in sunscreen, zinc oxide blocks both UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–320 nm) rays of ultraviolet light. Zinc oxide and the other most common physical sunscreen, titanium dioxide, are considered to be nonirritating, nonallergenic, and non-comedogenic. Zinc from zinc oxide is, however, slightly absorbed into the skin. Many sunscreens use nanoparticles of zinc oxide (along with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide) because such small particles do not scatter light and therefore do not appear white. The nanoparticles are not absorbed into the skin more than regular-sized zinc oxide particles are, and are only absorbed into the outermost layer of the skin but not into the body. Zinc oxide nanoparticles can enhance the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. It has been shown that nano Zinc oxide that has an average size between 20 nm and 45 nm can enhance the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. The enhancing effect of this nanomaterial is concentration dependent against all test strains. This effect may be due to two reasons. First, zinc oxide nanoparticles can interfere with NorA protein, which is developed for conferring resistance in bacteria and has pumping activity that mediate the effluxing of hydrophilic fluoroquinolones from a cell. Second, zinc oxide nanoparticles can interfere with Omf protein, which is responsible for the permeation of quinolone antibiotics into the cell. Cigarette filters Zinc oxide is a component of cigarette filters. A filter consisting of charcoal impregnated with zinc oxide and iron oxide removes significant amounts of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from tobacco smoke without affecting its flavor. Food additive Zinc oxide is added to many food products, including breakfast cereals, as a source of zinc, a necessary nutrient. (Zinc sulfate is also used for the same purpose.) Some prepackaged foods also include trace amounts of Zinc oxide even if it is not intended as a nutrient. Zinc oxide was linked to dioxin contamination in pork exports in the 2008 Chilean pork crisis. The contamination was found to be due to dioxin contaminated zinc oxide used in pig feed. Pigment Zinc white is used as a pigment in paints and is more opaque than lithopone, but less opaque than titanium dioxide. It is also used in coatings for paper. Chinese white is a special grade of zinc white used in artists' pigments. The use of zinc white (zinc oxide) as a pigment in oil painting started in the middle of 18th century. It has partly replaced the poisonous lead white and was used by painters such as Böcklin, Van Gogh, Manet, Munch and others. It is also a main ingredient of mineral makeup (CI 77947). UV absorber Micronized and nano-scale zinc oxide and titanium dioxide provide strong protection against UVA and UVB ultraviolet radiation, and are used in suntan lotion, and also in UV-blocking sunglasses for use in space and for protection when welding, following research by scientists at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Coatings Paints containing zinc oxide powder have long been utilized as anticorrosive coatings for metals. They are especially effective for galvanized iron. Iron is difficult to protect because its reactivity with organic coatings leads to brittleness and lack of adhesion. Zinc oxide paints retain their flexibility and adherence on such surfaces for many years. Zinc oxide highly n-type doped with aluminium, gallium, or indium is transparent and conductive (transparency ~90%, lowest resistivity ~10−4 Ω·cm). Zinc oxide:Al coatings are used for energy-saving or heat-protecting windows. The coating lets the visible part of the spectrum in but either reflects the infrared (IR) radiation back into the room (energy saving) or does not let the IR radiation into the room (heat protection), depending on which side of the window has the coating. Plastics, such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), can be protected by applying zinc oxide coating. The coating reduces the diffusion of oxygen with PEN. Zinc oxide layers can also be used on polycarbonate in outdoor applications. The coating protects polycarbonate from solar radiation, and decreases its oxidation rate and photo-yellowing. Corrosion prevention in nuclear reactors Zinc oxide depleted in 64Zn (the zinc isotope with atomic mass 64) is used in corrosion prevention in nuclear pressurized water reactors. The depletion is necessary, because 64Zn is transformed into radioactive 65Zn under irradiation by the reactor neutrons. Methane reforming Zinc oxide (ZnO) is used as a pretreatment step to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas following hydrogenation of any sulfur compounds prior to a methane reformer, which can poison the catalyst. At temperatures between about 230–430 °C (446–806 °F), H2S is converted to water by the following reaction: H2S + Zinc oxide → H2O + ZnS The zinc sulfide (ZnS) is replaced with fresh zinc oxide when the zinc oxide has been consumed. Potential applications of Zinc oxide Electronics Zinc oxide has wide direct band gap (3.37 eV or 375 nm at room temperature). Therefore, its most common potential applications are in laser diodes and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Some optoelectronic applications of Zinc oxide overlap with that of GaN, which has a similar band gap (~3.4 eV at room temperature). Compared to GaN, Zinc oxide has a larger exciton binding energy (~60 meV, 2.4 times of the room-temperature thermal energy), which results in bright room-temperature emission from Zinc oxide. Zinc oxide can be combined with GaN for LED-applications. For instance as transparent conducting oxide layer and Zinc oxide nanostructures provide better light outcoupling. Other properties of Zinc oxide favorable for electronic applications include its stability to high-energy radiation and its possibility to be patterned by wet chemical etching. Radiation resistance makes Zinc oxide a suitable candidate for space applications. Zinc oxide is the most promising candidate in the field of random lasers to produce an electronically pumped UV laser source. The pointed tips of Zinc oxide nanorods result in a strong enhancement of an electric field. Therefore, they can be used as field emitters. Aluminium-doped Zinc oxide layers are used as transparent electrodes. The components Zn and Al are much cheaper and less toxic compared to the generally used indium tin oxide (ITO). One application which has begun to be commercially available is the use of Zinc oxide as the front contact for solar cells or of liquid crystal displays. Transparent thin-film transistors (TTFT) can be produced with Zinc oxide. As field-effect transistors, they even may not need a p–n junction, thus avoiding the p-type doping problem of Zinc oxide. Some of the field-effect transistors even use Zinc oxide nanorods as conducting channels. Zinc oxide nanorod sensor Zinc oxide nanorod sensors are devices detecting changes in electric current passing through zinc oxide nanowires due to adsorption of gas molecules. Selectivity to hydrogen gas was achieved by sputtering Pd clusters on the nanorod surface. The addition of Pd appears to be effective in the catalytic dissociation of hydrogen molecules into atomic hydrogen, increasing the sensitivity of the sensor device. The sensor detects hydrogen concentrations down to 10 parts per million at room temperature, whereas there is no response to oxygen. Zinc oxide have been used as immobilization layers in imunosensors enabling the distribution of antibodies across the entire region probed by the measuring electric field applied to the microelectrodes. Spintronics Zinc oxide has also been considered for spintronics applications: if doped with 1–10% of magnetic ions (Mn, Fe, Co, V, etc.), Zinc oxide could become ferromagnetic, even at room temperature. Such room temperature ferromagnetism in Zinc oxide:Mn has been observed, but it is not clear yet whether it originates from the matrix itself or from secondary oxide phases. Piezoelectricity The piezoelectricity in textile fibers coated in Zinc oxide have been shown capable of fabricating "self-powered nanosystems" with everyday mechanical stress from wind or body movements. In 2008 the Center for Nanostructure Characterization at the Georgia Institute of Technology reported producing an electricity generating device (called flexible charge pump generator) delivering alternating current by stretching and releasing zinc oxide nanowires. This mini-generator creates an oscillating voltage up to 45 millivolts, converting close to seven percent of the applied mechanical energy into electricity. Researchers used wires with lengths of 0.2–0.3 mm and diameters of three to five micrometers, but the device could be scaled down to smaller size. Zinc oxide as anode of Li-ion battery In form of a thin film Zinc oxide has been demonstrated in miniaturised high frequency thin film resonators, sensors and filters. Li-ion battery Zinc oxide is a promising anode material for lithium-ion battery because it is cheap, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Zinc oxide has a higher theoretical capacity (978 mAh g−1) than many other transition metal oxides such as CoO (715 mAh g−1), NiO (718 mAh g−1) and CuO (674 mAh g−1). Safety of Zinc oxide As a food additive, zinc oxide is on the U.S. FDA's list of generally recognized as safe, or GRAS, substances. Zinc oxide itself is non-toxic; it is hazardous, however, to inhale zinc oxide fumes, such as generated when zinc or zinc alloys are melted and oxidized at high temperature. This problem occurs while melting alloys containing brass because the melting point of brass is close to the boiling point of zinc.Exposure to zinc oxide in the air, which also occurs while welding galvanized (zinc plated) steel, can result in a malady called metal fume fever. For this reason, typically galvanized steel is not welded, or the zinc is removed first. Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound used in a number of manufacturing processes. It can be found in rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, and first-aid tapes. It occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, but most zinc oxide is produced synthetically. It is also widely used to treat a variety of other skin conditions, in products such as baby powder and barrier creams to treat diaper rashes, calamine cream, anti-dandruff shampoos, and antiseptic ointments. Zinc oxide is mildly astringent and is used topically as a soothing and protective application in eczema and slight excoriations, in wounds, and for hemorrhoids. It is also used with coal tar or ichthammol in the treatment eczema. Zinc oxide is used as the basis for the production of a number of dental cements. Mixed with phosphoric acid it forms a hard material composed largely of zinc phosphate; mixed with clove oil or eugenol, it is used as temporary dental filling. Pharmacologic levels of zinc as zinc oxide have consistently been found to increase pig performance during the postweaning period. In some instances, high levels of zinc oxide have been reported to reduce the incidence and severity of postweaning diarrhea. Responses to zinc oxide and antibiotics seem to be additive in nature, much like the responses to high copper and antibiotics; however, there is no advantage in including high copper and high zinc in the same diet. Zinc oxide accounts for the largest use of zinc compounds, and is used primarily by the rubber industry as a vulcanization activator and accelerator and to slow rubber aging by neutralizing sulfur and organic acids formed by oxidation. It also acts in rubber as a reinforcing agent, a heat conductor, a white pigment, and an absorber of UV light. In paints, zinc oxide serves as a mildewstat, acid buffer, and a pigment. It is used in animal feed as a zinc supplement and as a fertilizer additive for zinc-deficient soils. Zinc oxide is used in cosmetics and drugs primarily for its fungicide properties, and in dentistry in dental cements. It is also used in ceramics, in glass manufacture, as a catalyst in organic synthesis, and in coated photocopy paper. Two processes are used to produce metallic zinc from the ore concentrates that are not subjected to caustic soda leaching. In one process, the ore concentrate containing zinc sulfide is roasted in the presence of air to produce zinc oxide, which is combined with coke or coal and retorted to approximately 1,100 °C to produce metallic zinc. In the other process, the roasted zinc oxide is leached with sulfuric acid, and the solution is electrolyzed to produce zinc of >99.9% purity. Zinc oxide is also produced industrially from purified solutions of zinc sulfate or chloride by precipitating the basic carbonate, which is then washed, filtered, and finally calcined. This method produces a grade of zinc oxide with a high specific surface area. Products of this type are also obtained from waste hydroxides which are purified by a chemical route and then calcined. Residues of zinc oxide are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a coating agent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

Zinc orthophosphate; Phosphoric acid, zinc salt (2:3); Zinc Phosphate; Trizinc bis(orthophosphate); Trizinkbis(orthophosphat) (German); Bis(ortofosfato) de tricinc (Spanish); Bis(orthophosphate) de trizinc (French); cas no: 7779-90-0

Zinc; Zn; Zinc dust; cinc cas no: 7440-66-6

Zinc bis-(2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxide); ZNPT; ZPT; Zinc, bis(2-pyridylthio)-, N,N'-dioxide; 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione, zinc salt; 2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, zinc complex; 2-Mercaptopyridine 1-oxide Zinc Salt; 2-Pyridinethiol N-oxide zinc salt; 2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide, zinc salt; Zinc, Bis(2-pyridinylthio)-, N,N'-dioxide; Zinc, Bis(2-pyridylthio)-, 1,1'-dioxide; Zinc, Bis(2-pyridylthio)-, N,N'-dioxide; Zincpolyanemine; Zinksalz Des 1-hydroxi-2-pyridinthion CAS NO:13463-41-7

ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) IUPAC name bis(2-pyridylthio)zinc 1,1'-dioxide ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Other names ZnP, Pyrithione Zinc, Zinc OMADINE, ZnPT , ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) CAS Number 13463-41-7 ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) monomer: Interactive image ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) dimer: Interactive image ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) ECHA InfoCard 100.033.324 ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) 3005837 ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) UNII R953O2RHZ5 ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) CompTox Dashboard (EPA DTXSID7026314 Edit this at Wikidata ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Properties ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Chemical formula C10H8N2O2S2Zn ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Molar mass 317.70 g/mol ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Appearance colourless solid ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Melting point 240 °C (464 °F; 513 K) (decomposition)[1] ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Boiling point decomposes ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Solubility in water 8 ppm (pH 7) ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 )(or pyrithione zinc) is a coordination complex of zinc. It has fungistatic (that is, it inhibits the division of fungal cells) and bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial cell division) properties and is used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis.[2] Contents 1.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Structure of the compound 2.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Uses 2.1.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Medical 2.2.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) In paint 2.3.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) In sponges 2.4.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) In clothing 3.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Mechanism of action 4.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Health effects 5.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) See also 6.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) References 7.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) External links ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Structure of the compound The pyrithione ligands, which are formally monoanions, are chelated to Zn2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, zinc pyrithione exists as a centrosymmetric dimer (see figure), where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers. In solution, however, the dimers dissociate via scission of one Zn-O bond.This compound was first described in the 1930s.Pyrithione is the conjugate base derived from 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (CAS# 1121-31-9), a derivative of pyridine-N-oxide. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Uses Medical ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) is best known for its use in treating dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis, particularly in dandruff shampoos. It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera. Its other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea, and vitiligo. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) In paint Due to its low solubility in water (8 ppm at neutral pH), zinc pyrithione is suitable for use in outdoor paints and other products that provide protection against mildew and algae. It is an effective algaecide. It is chemically incompatible with paints relying on metal carboxylate curing agents. When used in latex paints with water containing high amount of iron, a sequestering agent that will preferentially bind the iron ions is needed. Its decomposition by ultraviolet light is slow, providing years of protection even against direct sunlight. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) In sponges ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) is also used as an antibacterial treatment for household sponges, most notably by the 3M Corporation. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) In clothing A process to apply ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) to cotton with washable results was patented in the United States in 1984.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) is now used to prevent microbe growth in polyester.Textiles with applied zinc pyrithione ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) protect against odor-causing microorganisms. Export of antimicrobial textiles reached US$497.4 million in 2015. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Mechanism of action Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Health effects ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) is approved for over-the-counter topical use in the United States as a treatment for dandruff and is the active ingredient in several antidandruff shampoos. In its industrial forms and strengths, it may be harmful by contact or ingestion. Zinc pyrithione ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) can trigger a variety of responses, such as DNA damage in skin cells. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) See also Selenium disulfide, an active ingredient used in shampoos such as Selsun Blue.Ketoconazole, another antifungal agent used in shampoos.Piroctone olamine, another antifungal agent used in shampoos.ZPT (ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%) ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) is best known for its use in treating dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis. It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the streptococcus and staphylococcus class. Its other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea, and vitiligo.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) is approved for over-the-counter topical use in the United States as a treatment for dandruff. It is the active ingredient in several anti-dandruff shampoos such as Head & Shoulders. However, in its industrial forms and strengths, it may be harmful by contact or ingestion. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Function 1. Used in shampoo dandruff, it can effectively kill produce dandruff of fungi, to play a role of dusting. 2. Also used as a cosmetic preservative agent. 3. Used for Coating biocide. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) CAS: 13463-41-7 ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Chemical Formula: C10H8N2O2S2Zn ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Molecular Weight: 317.70 ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Test Specification WHITE SLIGHTLY VISCOUS LIQUID. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) PH 5% solution = 7.2 (use meter) ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Solubility MISCIBLE IN WATER, BUT LIQUID DOES NOT BECOME CLEAR; INSOLUBLE IN ALCOHOL AND ACETONE; SOLUBLE IN DILUTE NAOH. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Specific gravity Z1025, 13463-41-7 SpectrumTM ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ), 48 Percent Aqueous Suspension is a fungistatic and baceriostatic compound that has a variety of uses. It is used in outdoor paint and other products that provide protection against mildew and algae due to its low solubility in water (8 ppm at neutral pH). It is also often used in kitchen sponges as an antibacterial treatment. 48 Percent Aqueous Suspension. Zinc OmadineTM Fine Particle Size (FPS) Fungicide-Algaecide Dispersion (zinc pyrithione)( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Zinc OmadineTM 48% Aqueous Dispersion FPS (Fine Particle Size) offers bactericide-fungicide efficacy in shampoos, conditioners and leave-on products.Zinc OmadineTM products are highly active, broad spectrum antimicrobial agents that are registered around the world for use in both personal care as well as industrial product applications. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) solution for Cosmetic/Antidandruff Additive Product Name: ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%-50% solution( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 - %50 ) ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) CAS No.:13463-41-7 ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Alias: Zinc Pyrithione; Zinc Omadine; Lunacide ZPT 48% Aqueous Dispersion ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Chemical Name: Zinc bis(2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide); Zinc salt of 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Biocides, ZPT 48% with the main active ingredient zince pyrithione is effective inhibitors of the growth of fungi and bacteria and also inhibit the growth of molds and yeasts in cosmetic preparations. In addition to this, they exhibit high growth inhibiting activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in cosmetic prepareations. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Lunacide ZPT 48% is 48% aqueous dispersion of Zinc Pyrithione as an active ingredient that has ultra-fine particle of zice pyrithione, a dispersant and a stabilizing agent. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) is a superordinary anti-scale agent and anti-lipid overflow agent. It can effectively eliminate eumycete which produces dandruff, and result in relieving itching, removing dandruff, diminishing phalacrosis and deferring poliosis. Therefore, it is considered as a highly effective and safe product. It will add the value of shampoo and meet the high demands from consumers. For this reason, ZPT is widely used in the production of shampoo. Moreover, as a fine, broad-spectrum, environment-friendly and low toxic antiseptics, it can be used in civil coating, adhesive and carpet. The mixture of ZPT and Cu2O also can be used as marine antifouling coating to prevent adhering of shells, seaweeds and aquatic organisms to hulls. ZPT and its relative products enjoy tremendous potential and broad space in pesticide field with properties of high-efficiency, environmental protection, hypotoxicity and broad-spectrum. General Properties: Lunacide ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ): -is a mixture in water of very fine particles of zinc pyrithione( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ), a dispersant, and a viscosity control agent. -is and effective antidandruff agent. -exhibits pronounced growth inhibiting activity against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in cosmetic preparations. -inhibits the growth of fungi, both yeast and mold, in cosmetic preparations. Specifications: Spec. Lunacide ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Appearance Off-white aqueous dispersion Odor Mild Assay(%) 48-50% Zinc(%) 9.3-11.3% PH(5% In PH 7 water) 6.5-9.0 Bulk Density(gr/ml) 1.2-1.25 Particle Size D90 ≤1um D100≤5um Function: 1. Used in shampoo dandruff, it can effectively kill produce dandruff of fungi, to play a role of dusting. 2. Also used as a cosmetic preservative agent. 3. Used for Coating biocid Dosage: Antidandruff shampoo:1.0～4.0% depending on customer requirements.Marine paint: 3.0～10.0% by weight depending on paint formulation of customer. It can be used together with cuprous oxide or cuprous thiocyanate as a perfect formulation in marine paint. Therapy Nonprescription antiseborrheic shampoos containing zinc pyrithione( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) (Head & Shoulders), selenium sulfide (Head & Shoulders Intensive Treatment), or ketoconazole (Nizoral) are the mainstay of treatment. The shampoo must be rubbed into the wet scalp, rinsed, and then reapplied for 3 to 5 minutes before the final rinse. Patients with inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis that has not responded to shampoos benefit from a topical steroid lotion or gel. High-potency steroids should be used sparingly, particularly on the face. Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% or pimecrolimus cream can be used as steroid sparing agents. Therapy for Seborrheic Dermatitis Initial Shampoos - two or three times per week Zinc pyrithione 1% Selenium sulfide 1% or 2.5% Ketoconazole 1% or 2% Hydrocortisone cream 1% or 2.5% b.i.d. as needed ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Alternative Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% or pimecrolimus cream ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Shampoos The two mainstays of topical treatment of SD are tar shampoos and antiyeast shampoos. Antiyeast shampoos consist, in order of potency, of zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide 1% (over-the-counter shampoos), selenium sulfide 2.5% (prescription), and ketoconazole shampoos (available over the counter in some countries). Tar shampoos have antiinflammatory and antiyeast activity. Children with seborrheic dermatitis If the child has seborrheic dermatitis and curly thick hair, even blond or red, there is a difficulty in applying a medical shampoo. Zinc pyrithione is the most acceptable antidandruff substance for curly hair, because it leads to less drying and stiffness. Avoid ketoconazole shampoo because it causes more friction between the fibers. Sometimes increasing the frequency of shampooing is enough to treat scalp desquamation, even with a regular product. If a medicated shampoo is needed, alternating regiments may be tried first: 1 day with zinc pyrithione and the next day with regular shampoo. It is necessary to apply a conditioner in both situations and rinse it thoroughly. In some countries, scalp solutions with zinc or salicylic acid are available and may be applied as a seborrheic dermatitis treatment instead of a shampoo. When corticosteroids are needed, lotions or creams are better choices than alcoholic solutions vehicles. Avoid conditioning shampoos for those who present with seborrheic dermatitis. The use of astringents or dry shampoos is popular in some countries and may be an option for those who wear hair locks or braids for long periods. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) for Optimization The procedure presented above illustrates a method for imaging cellular zinc that has been optimized in our lab for a particular dye and a cell type. The variety among biological specimens and subtle differences between different probes necessitate optimization of many parameters, in particular, dye concentration and loading time. Among others properties, the permeability of a dye has a pronounced effect. For example, ZPP1, which is less permeable than ZP1, requires 1- to 3-h incubation to achieve full fluorescence turn-on in HeLa cells following treatment with zinc/pyrithione (Buccella et al., 2011). Additionally, it is desirable to use minimum dye concentration to reduce background fluorescence. During live-cell imaging, reduced illumination is preferred both to maintain cell health and to prevent dye photobleaching. ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) complex is constituted in situ by combining high-purity zinc salt with sodium pyrithione. When a low-affinity probe such as QZ2 is used for imaging intracellular zinc, a substoichiometric amount of ionophore may be used to avoid its competitive binding with zinc inside cells (Nolan et al., 2005).Although it is convenient to apply directly zinc/pyrithione and TPEN stock solutions in DMSO to the culture dish, mixing DMSO and aqueous media generates heat and the slow diffusion of DMSO often causes nonuniform delivery of mobile zinc. In addition, direct addition of the zinc/pyrithione solution to some media such as Neurobasal may result in precipitation (Nolan et al., 2006). To avoid these issues, DMSO solutions can be first diluted into serum-free medium or PBS before addition to the specimen. For example, one may combine DMSO solutions of ZnCl2 and sodium pyrithione in a 1:2 ratio and dilute 10-fold with DMEM; adding 200 μL of this solution to the dish gives a final zinc concentration of 50 μM. Similarly, diluting 20 mM TPEN stock solution 10-fold with serum-free DMEM and adding 100 μL to the stage yield 100 μM final concentration (Nolan et al., 2006). Moreover, we have observed that dye loading by incubation in DMEM containing only 1% FBS gave better imaging results. Treatment Infantile seborrheic dermatitis spontaneously resolves by the end of the 1st year of life. For infants with disfiguring or symptomatic disease, there are several therapeutic alternatives. Topical agents effective against P. ovale include topical ketoconazole in a cream or shampoo base (Cutsem et al, 1990), shampoos containing 1% zinc pyrithione or 1% to 2.5% selenium sulfide, and propylene glycol (Faergemann, 1988). Propylene glycol is a hygroscopic preservative, with antimycotic activity against P. ovale, that has been widely used for more than a century in foods and cosmetics, but can also rarely cause a contact dermatitis. The safety and efficacy of these products have not been established in infants. Nevertheless, widespread availability and popular use have not produced reports of toxicity. Brief application with daily bathing usually is effective and limits excessive percutaneous absorption. Daily application of 0.5% to 1% hydrocortisone cream is another short-term alternative. Topical zinc in the form of ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ), a common ingredient found in antidandruff shampoos, has also been studied for treatment of hair loss. Zinc pyrithione releases zinc ions, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Zinc ions also inhibit 5α-reductase in the skin.45 A RCT compared 5% minoxidil (twice daily), 1% zinc pyrithione (once daily), a combination of both, and placebo in 200 patients with AGA. In the group treated with zinc pyrithione alone, there was a significant increase in total visible hair count by fiber optic microscopy and computer-assisted hair counts after 9 weeks. However, there was no clinically meaningful global improvement noted by either the investigator or the patients. Minoxidil alone or in combination with zinc was more efficacious than zinc shampoo alone.There is a mixture in many shampoo or dandruff products called ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ). This mixture comes from zinc nitrogen oxygen and sulfur and carries antibacterial. It has been used in the world for about eighty years for dandruff and similar scalp ailments.The antibacterial and anti-fugal mixture that prevents oily on the scalp thus consumes the dandruff in the hair to a large extent. This content has a certain frequency according to the density and hair. If it is used more intensively in this use, it may cause serious harm.For this situation, you should consult a dermatologist when your primary comfort appears. After a recommendation from a specialist physician, the situation regarding the frequency and intensity of use becomes clear.ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% content is used against conditions such as dandruff and scaling with its ability to inhibit the growth of mold, fungi and bacteria. There is a wide variety of products that contain this content and although it is not sold with great creep, it is available from many places. It is not possible to find the product that will emerge in an environment with such freedom. Therefore, when determining such a product, the advice you will receive from a specialist doctor may be more beneficial for you as you know that your situation has been reviewed and you have a certain experience. Measures Before using this medicine, you should inform your doctor about the medicines you are currently using, the medicines you are using without a prescription (e.g. vitamins, herbal supplements, etc.), allergies, your past illnesses and your current health condition (e.g. pregnancy, upcoming surgery, etc.) inform. Certain health conditions can make you more susceptible to the side effects of the medication. Take the steps as directed by your doctor or pay attention to what is written on the product. The dosage depends on your condition. If your condition persists or worsens, notify your doctor. Key issues to consult are listed below. Planning to get pregnant, pregnant or breastfeeding If you use other drugs or over the counter products at the same time, the effects of ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) may change. This may increase the risk of side effects or cause the drug to not work properly. Tell your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements you use so your doctor can avoid drug interactions. Zinc Pyrithione( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) may interact with the following drugs and products:Sodium calcium edetate Hypersensitivity to ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) is a contraindication. In addition, ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 )should not be used if you have the following conditions: Allergic reactions storage of ZINC PYRITHIONE 48%( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Store medicines at room temperature, away from heat and light. Do not freeze medicines unless it is written on the package insert. Keep medicines out of the reach of children and pets.Do not pour medicines into the toilet or sink unless you are told to do so in the package insert. Drugs disposed in this way can pollute the nature. Please consult your pharmacist or doctor for more details on how to safely discard Zinc Pyrithione. Expired ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 ) Taking a single dose of expired ZINC PYRITHIONE 48% ( ÇİNKO PİRİTİON %48 )is likely to cause an adverse event. Consult your family doctor or pharmacist for appropriate advice or if you feel unwell. Expired drugs will not be effective in treating the conditions on your prescription. In order to stay safe, it is very important not to use expired medications. If you have a chronic illness that requires constant medication, such as heart disease, seizures, and life-threatening allergies, it is even more important to stay in touch with your GP so that you can replace expired medications immediately.Zinc pyrithione (or pyrithione zinc) is a coordination complex of zinc. It has fungistatic (that is, it inhibits the division of fungal cells) and bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial cell division) properties and is used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis.The pyrithione ligands, which are formally monoanions, are chelated to Zn2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, zinc pyrithione exists as a centrosymmetric dimer (see figure), where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers. In solution, however, the dimers dissociate via scission of one Zn-O bond.This compound was first described in the 1930s.Zinc pyrithione can be used to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis.[medical citation needed] It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.[medical citation needed] Its other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea versicolor, and vitiligo.Due to its low solubility in water (8 ppm at neutral pH), zinc pyrithione is suitable for use in outdoor paints and other products that provide protection against mildew and algae. It is an effective algaecide. It is chemically incompatible with paints relying on metal carboxylate curing agents. When used in latex paints with water containing high amount of iron, a sequestering agent that will preferentially bind the iron ions is needed. Its decomposition by ultraviolet light is slow, providing years of protection even against direct sunlight.Zinc pyrithione is also used as an antibacterial treatment for household sponges, most notably by the 3M Corporation.A process to apply zinc pyrithione to cotton with washable results was patented in the United States in 1984.Zinc pyrithione is now used to prevent microbe growth in polyester.Textiles with applied zinc pyrithione protect against odor-causing microorganisms. Export of antimicrobial textiles reached US$497.4 million in 2015.Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism.Zinc pyrithione is approved for over-the-counter topical use in the United States as a treatment for dandruff and is the active ingredient in several antidandruff shampoos and body wash gels. In its industrial forms and strengths, it may be harmful by contact or ingestion. Zinc pyrithione can trigger a variety of responses, such as DNA damage in skin cells.1. Zinc pyrithione 48 is high-efficiency, environmental protection, hypotoxicity and broad-spectrum. Pyrithione zinc is mixture in water of very fine particles of zinc pyrithione, a dispersant, and a viscosity control agent.3. Exhibits pronounced growth inhibiting activity against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in cosmetic preparations.4. ZPT 48 inhibits the growth of fungi, both yeast and mold, in cosmetic preparations.An international questionnaire completed by 722 dermatologists assessed the belief of tachyphylaxis incidence with pyrithione zinc (PTZ)-based shampoos, time course, occurrence relative to active ingredients, and effect of switching products. Two double-blind, randomized, clinical evaluations were conducted, 24- and 48-week studies, whereby a 1% PTZ shampoo, a 2% PTZ shampoo, or a matched placebo control shampoo was used by each subject for the duration of the study. Dermatologists assessed the adherent scalp flaking (scale of 0-10) at baseline and at specified intervals. 64% of responding dermatologists believed tachyphylaxis occurred with PTZ products, and most felt that tachyphylaxis occurred within 3 months of use. Evaluation of mean treatment responses vs. placebo and individual responses as a function of study duration showed a consistent benefit for all products at all time points; therefore, no evidence for tachyphylaxis was found (within 48 weeks of treatment) .Dandruff results from at least three etiologic factors: Malassezia fungi, sebaceous secretions, and individual sensitivity ... Of the three etiologic factors implicated in dandruff, Malassezia, sebaceous triglycerides, and individual susceptibility, Malassezia are the easiest to control. Pyrithione zinc kills Malassezia and all other fungi, and is highly effective against the Malassezia species actually found on scalp. Reduction in fungi reduces free fatty acids, thereby reducing scalp flaking and itch.The efficacy and safety of ketoconazole (KET) 2% and zinc pyrithione (ZPT) 1% in shampoo formulations for the alleviation of severe dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis /were compared/. This open randomized, parallel-group trial began with a 2-week run-in phase during which subjects applied a neutral non-antidandruff shampoo. It was followed by a 4-week randomized treatment phase and a subsequent 4-week follow-up phase without treatment. Shampooing during the treatment period was carried out twice weekly for the KET group and at least twice weekly for the ZPT group in accordance with the label instructions. A total of 343 subjects were recruited to enter the trial. Of the 331 eligible volunteers, 171 were randomized to KET 2% and 160 to ZPT 1%. ... Beneficial effects were evidenced for both medicated shampoos, but the effect was significantly better for KET 2%, which achieved a 73% improvement in the total dandruff severity score compared with 67% for ZPT 1% at week 4 (p < 0.02). The recurrence rate of the disease was also significantly lower following KET 2% treatment than following ZPT 1% treatment ... Both formulations were well tolerated.A patient had had stable psoriasis for 25 years and no any other skin disease. Within 20 days, she developed an aggravated scaly erythematous patch on the scalp, where /an antidandruff/ shampoo had been applied, and simultaneously developed pustular psoriasis on both forearms. Patch testing showed a relevant sensitization to zinc pyrithione, and ... symptomatic aggravation by provocation testing with zinc pyrithione shampoo /was observed/...A case of allergic contact dermatitis to a shampoo containing zinc pyrithione associated with an eruption of pustular psoriasis is reported. The patient had had stable psoriasis for 5 years, and never any other skin disease. Within 1 week she developed severe generalized pustular psoriasis with many lesions where the shampoo was applied. Treatment with cyclosporin, 200 to 300 mg daily, cleared the eruption within 4 weeks, except for psoriasis of the scalp. Extensive patch testing revealed a relevant sensitization to zinc pyrithione ...4. 4= very toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) 50-500 mg/kg, between 1 teaspoon & 1 oz for 70 kg person (150 lb). ... It appears unlikely that the toxicity of this substance can be attributed solely to its zinc content.Twenty-six mature Yorkshire pigs were used in this study. Radiolabeled zinc pyrithione was applied /dermally/ for 8 hr either as a single dose (50,100, and 400 mg/kg) or as a 5 day repeated dose (100 mg/kg). Serial samples of blood, urine, and feces were taken after dosing. Radioassay of necropsy material, urine, blood, and feces showed recovery of 86.8-98.2% of applied radioactivity. Greater than 90% of recovery was obtained from washings of the application site. Urinary excretion was 3% in animals with intact skin. Levels of radioactivity in blood, urine, and feces returned to background by 48 hours post-application. Dermal Absorption Factor: 3%.After IV admin in rabbits (14)C disappeared from blood rapidly, within 6 hr, 75% was excreted into urine while concentration of (65)Zn remained relatively constant with only 0.5% excreted into urine. Tissue concentration of (65)Zn were about 10 times higher than (14)C. Eight hr after dermal application, 0.5% of (14)C was excreted into urine, and same amount was found in major organs of rabbit. Less than 0.002% of applied (65)Zn was found in urine and 0.008% was found in major organs.Zinc pyridinethione was biotransformed in rabbits, rats, monkeys, and dogs after oral dosing into 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide S-glucuronide and 2-pyridinethiol S-glucuronide.For zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 088002) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

ZINC SALICYLATE N° CAS : 16283-36-6 Nom INCI : ZINC SALICYLATE Nom chimique : Zinc Disalicylate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 240-380-7 Classification : Règlementé Restriction en Europe : III/24 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes

ZINC STEARATE; N° CAS : 557-05-1; Nom INCI : ZINC STEARATE; Nom chimique : Zinc dioctadecanoate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 209-151-9. Classification : Règlementé; Compatible Bio Ses fonctions (INCI): Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure Colorant cosmétique : Colore les cosmétiques et/ou confère une couleur à la peau. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques; Noms français : OCTADECANOIC ACID, ZINC SALT; STEARATE DE ZINC; Stéarate de zinc; ZINC DISTEARATE; ZINC OCTADECANOATE; Zinc, stéréate de; ZINC-STEARATE; Noms anglais : STEARIC ACID ZINC SALT; STEARIC ACID, ZINC SALT; Zinc stearate; Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques, fabrication de lubrifiants; Zinc distearate; Zinc stearate; CAS names: Octadecanoic acid, zinc salt (2:1); IUPAC names : Octadecanoic acid, zinc salt; zinc dioctadecanoate; zinc disteatare; Zinc Disterate; Zinc octadecanoate ; zinc octadecaonate; Zinc steareate; zinc(2+) dioctadecanoate; Zinc distearate; 209-151-9 [EINECS]; 3919706; 557-05-1 [RN]; Dioctadécanoate de zinc [French]; çinko stearat, çinkostearat; MFCD00013031 [MDL number]; Octadecanoic acid, zinc salt (2:1) [ACD/Index Name]; stearic acid zinc salt; ZH5200000; Zinc dioctadecanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Zinc stearate; Zinkdioctadecanoat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; (OCTADECANOYLOXY)ZINCIO OCTADECANOATE; [557-05-1]; 144188-98-7 [RN]; 257-363-5 [EINECS]; 51731-04-5 [RN] ; 72535-55-8 [RN]; 8028-87-3 [RN]; afco-disper ZD; Coad; D06370; demarone; Dermarone; Dibasic zinc stearate; EINECS 209-151-9; EINECS 257-363-5; elektol MZ 2; Hidorin D 523 ; Hydense; Hymicron Z; Hytech; Mathe; Metallac; Metasap 576; Octadecanoic acid, zinc salt; Octadecanoic acid, zinc salt, basic; Petrac ZN-41; Stavinor ZN-E; STEARIC ACID, ZINC SALT ; Stearic acid, zinc salt (8CI); Witco Zinc Stearate USP ; zinc and octadecanoate; Zinc distearate, pure; ZINC OCTADECANOATE; Zinc salt of stearic acid; Zinc stearate (USP); Zinc stearate ; zinc stearate G; zinc stearate GP; Zinc Stearate NF EP Kosher; Zinc stearate W. S; zinc stearate(Zn-St); Zinc stearate, respirable fraction; Zinc stearate, total dust; Zinc stearate, ZnO 12.5-14% ; ZINC(2+) DIOCTADECANOATE; ZINC(2+) ION BIS(N-OCTADECANOATE); zinc(2+) ion bis(octadecanoate); Zinc(II) stearate; zinc;octadecanoate; Zinci stearas; zincstearate; Zincum stearinicum ; Zink distearat; Zn Stearate; 硬脂酸锌 [Chinese]

ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE N° CAS : 1314-23-4 Nom INCI : ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-227-2 Ses fonctions (INCI) Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques

Zirconium dioxide Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2, zirkonyum dioksit), sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure, is the mineral baddeleyite. A dopant stabilized cubic structured zirconia, cubic zirconia, is synthesized in various colours for use as a gemstone and a diamond simulant.[1] Production, chemical properties, occurrence Zirconia is produced by calcining zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). compounds, exploiting its high thermal stability.[2] Structure Three phases are known: monoclinic below 1170 °C, tetragonal between 1170 °C and 2370 °C, and cubic above 2370 °C.[3] The trend is for higher symmetry at higher temperatures, as is usually the case. A small percentage of the oxides of calcium or yttrium stabilize in the cubic phase.[2] The very rare mineral tazheranite, (Zr,Ti,Ca)O2, is cubic. Unlike TiO2, which features six-coordinated titanium in all phases, monoclinic zirconia consists of seven-coordinated zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). centres. This difference is attributed to the larger size of the zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). atom relative to the titanium atom.[4] Chemical reactions Zirconia is chemically unreactive. It is slowly attacked by concentrated hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. When heated with carbon, it converts to zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). carbide. When heated with carbon in the presence of chlorine, it converts to zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). tetrachloride. This conversion is the basis for the purification of zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). metal and is analogous to the Kroll process. Engineering properties Bearing balls Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). is one of the most studied ceramic materials. ZrO2 adopts a monoclinic crystal structure at room temperature and transitions to tetragonal and cubic at higher temperatures. The change of volume caused by the structure transitions from tetragonal to monoclinic to cubic induces large stresses, causing it to crack upon cooling from high temperatures.[5] When the zirconia is blended with some other oxides, the tetragonal and/or cubic phases are stabilized. Effective dopants include magnesium oxide (MgO), yttrium oxide (Y2O3, yttria), calcium oxide (CaO), and cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3).[6] Zirconia is often more useful in its phase 'stabilized' state. Upon heating, zirconia undergoes disruptive phase changes. By adding small percentages of yttria, these phase changes are eliminated, and the resulting material has superior thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. In some cases, the tetragonal phase can be metastable. If sufficient quantities of the metastable tetragonal phase is present, then an applied stress, magnified by the stress concentration at a crack tip, can cause the tetragonal phase to convert to monoclinic, with the associated volume expansion. This phase transformation can then put the crack into compression, retarding its growth, and enhancing the fracture toughness. This mechanism is known as transformation toughening, and significantly extends the reliability and lifetime of products made with stabilized zirconia.[6][7] The ZrO2 band gap is dependent on the phase (cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or amorphous) and preparation methods, with typical estimates from 5–7 eV.[8] A special case of zirconia is that of tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, or TZP, which is indicative of polycrystalline zirconia composed of only the metastable tetragonal phase. Uses High translucent Zirconia bridge layered by porcelain and stained with luster paste The main use of zirconia is in the production of hard ceramics, such as in dentistry,[9] with other uses including as a protective coating on particles of titanium dioxide pigments,[2] as a refractory material, in insulation, abrasives and enamels. Stabilized zirconia is used in oxygen sensors and fuel cell membranes because it has the ability to allow oxygen ions to move freely through the crystal structure at high temperatures. This high ionic conductivity (and a low electronic conductivity) makes it one of the most useful electroceramics.[2] Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). is also used as the solid electrolyte in electrochromic devices. Zirconia is a precursor to the electroceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which is a high-K dielectric, which is found in myriad components. Niche uses The very low thermal conductivity of cubic phase of zirconia also has led to its use as a thermal barrier coating, or TBC, in jet and diesel engines to allow operation at higher temperatures.[10] Thermodynamically, the higher the operation temperature of an engine, the greater the possible efficiency. Another low thermal conductivity use is a ceramic fiber insulation for crystal growth furnaces, fuel cell stack insulation and infrared heating systems. This material is also used in dentistry in the manufacture of 1) subframes for the construction of dental restorations such as crowns and bridges, which are then veneered with a conventional feldspathic porcelain for aesthetic reasons, or of 2) strong, extremely durable dental prostheses constructed entirely from monolithic zirconia, with limited but constantly improving aesthetics.[11] Zirconia stabilized with yttria (yttrium oxide), known as yttria-stabilized zirconia, can be used as a strong base material in some full ceramic crown restorations.[12] Transformation toughened zirconia is used to make ceramic knives. Because of the hardness, ceramic-edged cutlery stays sharp longer than steel edged products.[13] Due to its infusibility and brilliant luminosity when incandescent, it was used as an ingredient of sticks for limelight.[citation needed] Zirconia has been proposed to electrolyze carbon monoxide and oxygen from the atmosphere of Mars to provide both fuel and oxidizer that could be used as a store of chemical energy for use with surface transportation on Mars. Carbon monoxide/oxygen engines have been suggested for early surface transportation use as both carbon monoxide and oxygen can be straightforwardly produced by zirconia electrolysis without requiring use of any of the Martian water resources to obtain hydrogen, which would be needed for the production of methane or any hydrogen-based fuels.[14] Zirconia can be used as photocatalyst [15] since its high band gap (~ 5 eV)[16] allows the generation of high energetic electrons and holes. Some studies demonstrated the activity of doped zirconia (in order to increase visible light absorption) in degrading organic compounds [17][18] and reducing Cr(VI) from wastewaters.[19] Zirconia is also a potential high-k dielectric material with potential applications as an insulator in transistors. Zirconia is also employed in the deposition of optical coatings; it is a high-index material usable from the near-UV to the mid-IR, due to its low absorption in this spectral region. In such applications, it is typically deposited by PVD.[20] In jewelry making, some watch cases are advertised as being "black zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). ".[21] In 2015 Omega released a fully ZrO2 watch named "The Dark Side of The Moon" [22] with ceramic case, bezel, pushers and clasp, advertising it as four times harder than stainless steel and therefore much more resistant to scratches during everyday use. Diamond simulant Main article: Cubic zirconia Brilliant-cut cubic zirconia Single crystals of the cubic phase of zirconia are commonly used as diamond simulant in jewellery. Like diamond, cubic zirconia has a cubic crystal structure and a high index of refraction. Visually discerning a good quality cubic zirconia gem from a diamond is difficult, and most jewellers will have a thermal conductivity tester to identify cubic zirconia by its low thermal conductivity (diamond is a very good thermal conductor). This state of zirconia is commonly called cubic zirconia, CZ, or zircon by jewellers, but the last name is not chemically accurate. Zircon is actually the mineral name for naturally occurring zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). silicate (ZrSiO4). Zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). Kristallstruktur Zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). (IV)-oxid.png Names IUPAC names Zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). Zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). Other names Zirconia Chemical formula ZrO2 Other anions Zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). Other cations Titanium dioxide Hafnium dioxide Oxide Ceramics – Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). (ZrO2) The All-purpose Construction Material Unlike other ceramic materials, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2 –also known as zirconia, (zirkonyum dioksit).) is a material with very high resistance to crack propagation. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). ceramics also have very high thermal expansion and are therefore often the material of choice for joining ceramic and steel. Worth knowing: Properties of Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2, (zirkonyum dioksit).) High thermal expansion (α=11 x 10-6/K, similar to some types of steel) Excellent thermal insulation/low thermal conductivity (2.5 to 3 W/mK) Very high resistance to crack propagation, high fracture toughness (6.5 to 8 MPam1/2) Ability to conduct oxygen ions (used for the measurement of oxygen partial pressures in lambda probes) Another outstanding property combination is the very low thermal conductivity and high strength. In addition, some types of zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). ceramics can conduct oxygen ions. Components made from this material are significantly more expensive than components made of alumina ceramics. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). ceramics are used, among Zirconium Dioxide (Zirconia, (zirkonyum dioksit).): Properties, Production and Applications Zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit), also known as zirconia and zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit)., is a crystalline metal oxide that has found its way into the ceramics industry. It is characterised by its high thermal resistivity, mechanical resistance, and abrasive properties. First used in the medical industry in 1969, zirconia has demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility, with good tribological properties, good aesthetic, and high mechanical properties. It is used quite pre-eminently in dental procedures, as in zirconia crowns and zirconia-based implant abutments [1]. One of its most popular forms is cubic zirconia, a cubic crystalline compound that is colourless and mechanically tough. Because of its optically flawless property, it serves as a low-cost alternative to diamonds in the jewellery industry. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) . should not be confused with zircon (or zirconium dioxide silicate(zirkonyum dioksit).), a mineral that is also used in the ceramics industry and refractories. What zirconia is Properties of zirconia How zirconia is produced and processed The different application areas where zirconia excels Dental drilling process. What is zirconia? Zirconia is a crystalline solid that is white in colour, but can be produced in different colours to be used as an alternative gemstone to diamond or as ceramic dental crowns in medical applications. Naturally, it occurs as the translucent (sometimes transparent) mineral baddeleyite, a rare mineral that has a monoclinic prismatic crystal structure; i.e. a mineral having unequal vectors. Also known as “ceramic steel”, this oxide of zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit). is chemically inert and is considered as one of the highly auspicious restorative materials, due to its excellent mechanical properties. Out of all advanced ceramic materials, zirconia has the highest toughness and strength at room temperature. At high temperatures, zirconia may go through substantial change in volume during phase transformation. As a result, it is difficult to obtain stable zirconia products during sintering, which is why stabilisation of zirconia is generally required. Partially stabilised zirconia (PSZ) adds to the exceptional mechanical properties and chemical inertness a high level of chemical stability, even in harsh environments. It is used as a substitute for alumina in biomedical applications such as dental implants, thanks to its superior mechanical properties, and is comparable with teeth in terms of mechanical strength [2]. Other relative materials to PSZ include yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ), calcia-stabilised zirconia (CSZ), and magnesia-stabilised zirconia (MSZ). Properties of zirconia Zirconia’s exceptional strength, toughness, biocompatibility, high fatigue and wear resistance render it optimal for dental applications. Zirconium dioxide (Zr, (zirkonyum dioksit)), in particular, is in fact one of the two most commonly used metals in dental implants, alongside titanium, as they both show very good physical and chemical properties and they allow the growth of osteoblasts, the cells that actually form bones [3]. Here’s a list of zirconia’s most prominent physical and chemical properties. Notice how these properties are high enough to allow zirconia to be an effective material for many applications, especially for refractory and dentistry purposes. High mechanical resistance Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is highly resistant to cracking (including further development of cracks) and mechanical stress. Other outstanding mechanical properties of zirconia are shown in the table below. High temperature resistance and expansion With a melting point of 2700ºC and a thermal expansion coefficient of 1.08×10-5 K-1, zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is widely known for its high resistance to heat. This is the reason why the compound has found a wide variety of uses in refractories and high-temperature industries. Here are the different temperature ranges of melting point for zirconia, based on its temperature-dependent forms. Upon heating, however, zirconia may undergo phase change, especially in its tetragonal form, where internal stresses arise, and cracks begin to develop. In order to resolve and correct this weakness, stabilisers such as yttria are added to make up a more stable yttria partially stabilised zirconia (or yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, YTZP) [4]. Low thermal conductivity Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) has a thermal conductivity of 2 W/(m·K), which makes it perfect for situations where heat needs to be contained. Chemical resistivity The substance is chemically inert and unreactive, which works in industries that make use of several chemicals during processing. However, the compound dissolves in concentrated acids such as sulfuric or hydrofluoric acid. Production and processing of zirconia Production of zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) may result in the aforementioned three possible phases depending on the temperature: monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic. This unique property of zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) provides flexibility of use in a wide variety of purposes and industries. Zirconia is produced through thermal treatment, or thermal dissociation, although doing it in its pure form may cause abrupt phase changes that may crack or fracture the material. That is when doping with stabilisers, such as magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, and calcium oxide, is applied to keep the structure intact. This thermal process is also referred to as calcination, where heating to high temperatures is performed within an oxygen or air medium. Zirconia can also be produced by decomposing zircon sand via fusion with compounds such as calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and sodium hydroxide (also known as caustic soda). Chlorination of zircon also leads to the production of zirconia, where the resulting zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) tetrachloride is calcined at a high temperature (~900ºC), producing a commercial grade of zirconia. Another way is to dissolve the collected zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) tetrachloride in water to form crystallised zirconyl chloride. This resultant is then thermally treated at a high temperature to produce high-purity zirconia [5]. High-purity zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is the precursor for producing zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) powders, through the reduction of ZrO2 with calcium hydrate. This calciothermic process is prepared under an argon atmosphere at continuous heat at about 1000°C. Applications of zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit) Zirconia’s high mechanical properties, chemical inertness, high-temperature stability, corrosion resistance, and high quality have put this ceramic steel on the radar in many industries and application areas. Many products of today, ranging from refractory to medical products, pigments, electronics, coatings, and ceramics, have been based on zirconia due to its superior characteristics and advantages as compared to other materials. Some of the typical applications of zirconia include dies for hot metal extrusion, oxygen sensors, membranes in fuel cells, deep well valve seats, and marine pump seals. Here is a list of some of zirconia’s most common applications areas and uses. Ceramics The mechanical strength and resistance of zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) makes it a suitable component for ceramic manufacturing. This includes ceramic knives, which are noticeably tougher than steel-edged cutlery due to the high hardness factor of zirconia. Refractory purposes Due to its high thermal resistance, zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is used as a component in crucibles, furnaces, and other high-heat environments. In addition, zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) boosts the fireproof properties of ceramics. Refractory bricks and armour plates are examples of zirconia-based refractory applications. Furthermore, when added to melted quartz, zirconia can be used to produce siloxide glass, a harder and more stress resistant glass than quartz opaque glass [6]. Zirconia can also be added to aluminium oxide to be used in components for steel casting process. Thermal barrier coating (TBC) Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is applied as a coating for jet engine components which are exposed to high temperatures. This is made possible through the compound’s low thermal conductivity and high heat resistance. Studies have confirmed the effectiveness of zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) for TBC applications, as long as the material is applied properly and uniformly. Dental industry Due to its biocompatibility, good aesthetics, and high mechanical properties, one of the most popular uses of zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is in dentistry, mainly in dental restorations for bridges, crowns, and feldspar porcelain veneers and dental prostheses. Yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is also instrumental in producing near-permanent zirconia crowns. Scratch resistant and abrasive material With its elevated mechanical stability and abrasion resistance, zirconia is being used as an abrasive material. It is also useful as a protective layer for mechanical parts, due to the compound’s resistance to scratches and mechanical stress. Oxygen-rich systems While other materials may experience oxidation and compromise its integrity, zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is stable in the presence of oxygen. In fact, it is being used in fuel cell membranes and oxygen sensing mechanisms even at elevated temperatures. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2, (zirkonyum dioksit)), which is also referred to as zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) or zirconia, is an inorganic metal oxide that is mainly used in ceramic materials. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) succeeds zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) as the compound of the element zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) that most frequently occurs in nature. It is a heavy metal of which 0,016 % is found in the earth crust and which, thus, occurs more frequently than the elements chlorine and copper. Its great hardness, low reactivity, and high melting point have made it the oldest mineral that can be found on the earth. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) does not occur massively but is bound in minerals, mainly in zircon (ZrSiO4). Zircon is also known as a precious stone whose color may vary from colorless white to brown, green, etc., depending on the traces of impurities. Due to their high optical density, zircon (and zirconia) gems have high refraction indices. Provided they are pure and large enough, they are suited, therefore, as (cheaper) substitutes for diamonds. None of the natural isotopes of zircon is radioactive. Yet, since zircon is relatively often impurified with uranium oxides and other radioactive substances such as thorium salts, it is responsible for much of the natural radioactive radiation. Geological age determination through radioactive dating, for example, makes use of such impurities. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is the most important zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) compound which due to its properties is used in various products. In nature, ZrO2 occurs in the mineral form as baddeleyite, a modification in monoclinic crystal lattices (which is often found as weathered grit in gravel). Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is non-magnetic and highly resistant against acids, alkaline lyes, and exogenous (chemical, thermal, and mechanical) influences. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) has a high thermal stability. It does not melt below 2680 °C, which is why it is used in high-temperature ceramics such as crucibles or furnaces. Since, in addition, it has a high mechanical stability and is very resistant to abrasion, it serves to e.g., improve the properties (especially the scratch resistance) of varnishes and coatings applied as top coats to automobiles, or as finishes to parquets and furniture. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is also found in varnishes for electronic items, in nail polishes, in ink jet printer’s inks, and other products. Besides, it is known as an abrasive and is found (like titanium dioxide) as a white pigment in porcelain. Moreover, hip joint endoprostheses and other high-performance medical ceramics benefit from the advantages of zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit). Dentistry makes use of its special properties when manufacturing corona frames and bridge frames, tooth root studs, and metal-free dental implants. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is the most widely used oxide ceramic next to aluminium oxide. Thanks to its electrolytic conductivity, it was used as early as in 1897 in the incandescent bodies (ceramic rods) of the Nernst lamp, an electrically powered incandescent lamp invented by the German physicist and chemist Walther Nernst. Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is not self-inflammable as nanometer-sized powder. Also as a mixture with air (dust) under the influence of an ignition source, it is not inflammable, so there is no possibility of a dust explosion. NanoCare Data Sheets Zirconium Dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) data sheet No.1 Zirconium Dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) data sheet No.2 Zirconium Dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) data sheet No.3 a white crystalline oxide also known as zirconia, the cubic crystalline form used in jewelry is rarely found in nature. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity. However, certain perovskite structured oxides are electronically conductive finding application in the cathode of solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen generation systems. They are compounds containing at least one oxygen anion and one metallic cation. They are typically High Purity (99.999%) Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2, (zirkonyum dioksit)) Powderinsoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells in which they exhibit ionic conductivity. Metal oxide compounds arebasic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. Zirconium dioxide(zirkonyum dioksit) is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder (from American Elements' nanoscale production facilities). Zirconium dioxide (zirkonyum dioksit) is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available.

Bromide of Zinc; 溴化锌; Zinc dibromide; Hydrobromic Acid Zinc Salt; Bromide Salt of Zinc; Zinc bromide CAS NO: 7699-45-8

ZIRCONIUM SILICATE = ZIRCON = ZIRCONIUM ORTHOSILICATE


CAS Number: 10101-52-7
EC Number: 233-252-7
MDL Number: MFCD00085353
Molecular Formula: ZrSiO4 or O4SiZr



Zirconium silicate, also zirconium orthosilicate, ZrSiO4, is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as zircon, a silicate mineral.
Powdered Zirconium silicate is also known as zircon flour.
Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations.


Zirconium silicate is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia.
Zirconium silicate's hardness is 7.5 on the Mohs scale.
As of 1995, the annual consumption of zirconium silicate was nearly 1M tons.
Zirconium Silicate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity, high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.


Zirconium silicate (or zircon) is extremely stable (refractory, hard, dense).
Large quantities of Zirconium silicate are used by the tile, sanitaryware and tableware industries (to opacify glazes).
Zirconium silicate sand (which is milled to produce zirconium silicate powders), is a major source for the production of zirconia ZrO2.
Zirconium silicate is a ceramic material noted for Zirconium silicate's high hardness of 7.5 on the Mohs scale.


Zirconium silicate is a material with refractory properties and a high resistance to corrosion and alkalis.
Zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4), refractive index 1.93-2.01, good chemical stability, and high temperature resistance, not affected by ceramic firing atmosphere, significantly improve embryo and glaze bonding, improve the hardness of glaze.
Zirconium Silicate, (ZrSiO4) is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.


Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as the zircon, a silicate mineral.
Zirconium silicate has reasonable distribution, high whiteness, low reflecting property and strong covering power, very good distribution in all kinds of ceramic glaze, good opacification and flowability.
Zirconium silicate can replace expensive stannic oxide and zirconium dioxide.
Zirconium silicate has strong wear resistance and whitening effect.


Zirconium silicate is a colorless tetragonal crystals (when pure); presence of impurities forms various colors; density 4.56 g/cm3; hardness 7.5 Mohs; dissociates to ZrO2 and SiO2 above 1,540°C; melts at 2,550°C; insoluble in water, acids, aqua regia, and alkalies; inert in most chemicals.
Zirconium silicate is used as an additive to glass, in ceramic tiles, in ultrafiltration membranes, and as a dental abrasive.
Zirconium silicate is a naturally occurring silicateof zirconium, ZrSiO4, used as a gemstone.


The colour depends in small amounts of other metals and may bered, brown, yellow, or green.
Redgem-quality zircon is sometimes called jacinth; gem-quality Zirconium silicate with other colours are called jargoons.
There is also a naturally occurring colourless variety.
Zircongems can be given other colours, ormade colourless, by heat treatment.
The colourless varieties (either naturalor treated) are sometimes calledMatura diamonds (after Matura in SriLanka).


The name 'zircon' is often erroneously applied to a synthetic formof the oxide cubic zircona, which isused as a diamond substitute.
Zirconium Silicate Zr(SiO4) is high refractive index 1.93-2.01, chemical stability, is a kind of high quality.
Depending on the application, Zirconium silicate sand may be calcined at a high temperature giving a stabilised product.
At one of the most sophisticated plants in Europe, Zirconium silicate is processed and milled to the most stringent grading and particle sizes required.


A range of Zirconium silicate materials is available.
However, for special applications, alternative particle sizes can be processed.
Zirconium silicate, also zirconium orthosilicate, (ZrSiO4) is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.
Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations.
Zirconium silicate is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia.


Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral zircon.
Zircon is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates.
Zirconium silicate's corresponding chemical formula is ZrSiO4.
Zirconium silicate is a transparent, translucent, or opaque mineral, composed chiefly of zirconium silicate, ZrSiO4, and crystallizes in the tetragonal system.


Zirconium silicate can be made by fusion of SiO2 and ZrO2 in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with sodium silicate in an aqueous solution.
Zirconium silicate has recently attracted increasing interest due to its outstanding properties as a gate dielectric.
Zirconium silicate is thermally stable with Si and a good barrier against oxygen diffusion.
Zirconium silicate thin films have been deposited by sputtering and atomic layer deposition ALD.


Optimization of the ALD process to deposit zirconium silicate films was demonstrated with a precursor combination of ZrCl4 and TBOS.
Zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) is one of the most important compounds obtained from zircon sands; baddeleyite is a natural form of zirconia (ZrO2).
Zirconium silicate sands are produced by different branches of industry for several applications in the ceramic industry.
This production can be made by different milling processes: dry milling and wet milling.


Polyelectrolyte allows formation of flocs for the separation of zirconium silicate solids from the water.
At present, Australia, South Africa, United States, Ukraine, India, China, Brazil and Sri Lanka are the largest exporters of zirconium minerals, in 1992 they supplied about 99% of the world production.
In Italy, zirconium minerals are widely used and most of the national demand, currently estimated at around 60 - 65 ktons, goes into the ceramics market.


The zirconium minerals are used in the Italian ceramic industry for the production of ceramic colours, glazes, tiles and sanitary and table ware.
The zirconium-silicate mineral zircon is produced as a coproduct from the mining and processing of heavy minerals.
Eudialyte and gittinsite are zirconium silicate minerals that have a potential for zirconia production. Identified world resources of zircon exceed 60 million tons.


First principles density functional theory calculations are carried out to investigate the scaling trends of band offsets at model silicon/zirconium silicate interfaces.
Zirconium silicate is found in nature associated with acidic igneous rocks, from which zircon sand form through weathering.
Australia is the world’s largest producer of zircon (zirconium silicate—ZrSiO4), chiefly in the form of heavy mineral sands.
Zirconium Silicate is a powder that is water insoluble.


Zirconium silicate is often colorless, although Zirconium silicate can also be brown, pale yellow, light red, green, or gray in color.
The number 40 is the atomic number of Zirconium silicate.
Zirconium silicate's melting point is 1540°C and Zirconium silicate has a specific gravity of 6.4. ZrSiO4 is a zirconium silicate chemical compound.
Zirconium silicate has a molecular weight of 183.31.


Zirconium silicate has a density of 4.56 gm/cm3.
Zirconium silicate is the main component of natural zircon.
Zirconium silicate is hard like quartz.
Zirconium silicate is chemical stability.


Above 1540 ℃, Zirconium silicate starts to decompose into zirconium dioxide and silica.
Zirconium Silicate is insoluble in water, acid, aqua regia and alkali.
Zirconium Silicate Powder is a high-quality product with a good refractive index of 1.93-2.01.
Zirconium silicate also produce grinding media for milling.
The highest purity Zirconium Silicate can be found in deposits close to the American, Australian and South African coasts.


Zirconium silicate sand is separated from other minerals by ore dressing techniques during which strict controls are made to ensure the quality of the final product.
Zirconium silicate is an occurs in nature as the mineral, zircon.
Zirconium silicate is a ceramic material, resistant to alkaline environments and available in two different granulometry grades.
Zirconium silicate stabilises the friction coefficient at high temperatures.


Individual Zirconium silicate particles are angular, very hard and refractory and amazingly, they do not readily dissolve into glaze melts even when ball milled to exceedingly small particle sizes.
Zircon is the generic name for zirconium silicate, the trade names are different.
The refractive index of Zirconium silicate is high (particularly with micronized zircon, size less than 5 microns).
Notwithstanding this, some sources list Zirconium silicate as a source of SiO2 in glazes (meaning that it does decompose).


This view is plausible since smaller amounts of Zirconium silicate do not opacify glazes, in fact, Zirconium silicate are purposely added to raise refractive index to encourage transparency and high gloss.
That means Zirconium silicate dissolves when percentages are low and precipitates to opacify when they are higher.
Interestingly, Zirconium silicate dissolves so well at low percentages that are is sometimes added to clear glazes to make them more transparent (because Zirconium silicate has a high refractive index).



USES and APPLICATIONS of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
The major applications of Zirconium silicate exploit Zirconium silicate's refractory nature and resistance to corrosion by alkali materials.
Two end-uses are for enamels, and ceramic glazes.
In enamels and glazes Zirconium silicate serves as an pacifier.
Zirconium silicate can be also present in some cements.
Another use of Zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding.


Thin films of Zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors.
Zirconium silicate (or zircon) is extremely stable (refractory, hard, dense).
Large quantities of zircon are used by the tile, sanitaryware and tableware industries.


Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications.
For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Because of Zirconium silicate's high thermal stability Zirconium silicate is also employed in making various hi-tech refractories, porcelain bodies, coatings and materials, even dentures.
Calcined alumina is an alternative in fabricating super refractories but it has much higher thermal expansion and greater heat conductivity.


Zirconium silicate is widely used in the production of various architectural ceramics, sanitary ceramics, daily-use ceramics, first-class handicraft ceramics and so on because of its good chemical stability.
Zirconium silicate can significantly improve the bonding performance of ceramic glazes and improve the hardness of ceramic glazes.
Zirconium silicate is further used in the production of color picture tubes, emulsified glass and enamel glaze in the glass industry.
Zirconium silicate has a high melting point: 2500 degrees Celsius, so Zirconium silicate is also widely used in refractory materials, glass furnace zirconium ramming materials, castables, and spray coatings.


Zirconium silicate Powder is a high-quality and inexpensive opacifier with a high refractive index of 1.93-2.01 and chemical stability.
Zirconium silicate is widely used in the production of various ceramics.
Besides, Zirconium silicate Powder has a high melting point, so Zirconium silicate is also widely used in refractory materials, zirconium ramming materials for glass furnaces, casting materials and spray coatings.


Zirconium Silicate Powder can be applied in the following fields:
Ceramics, Refractory materials, Zirconium ramming materials, Casting materials, and Spray coatings
Zirconium silicate produced by milling the natural zircon sand is widely used as an opacifier of wall and floor tiles, sanitarywares and pottery.
Zirconium silicate Powder (ZrSiO4 Powder) is a very important material that is widely used in various industries.


Zirconium silicate can be used for high quality construction materials and pottery with its uniform particle size and quality, showing superior emulsion effects, incresed mechanical and thermal strength and resistance to chemicals, as well as color stability.
Zirconium silicate is also used in production of some ceramics, enamels, and ceramic glazes. In enamels and glazes it serves as an pacifier.
Zirconium silicate can be also present in some cements.
Another use of Zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding. -Thin films of Zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition.



In a non-crazed glaze, the presence of sufficient Zirconium silicate can reduce thermal expansion enough that there is a danger of shivering (the glaze formulation may need to be adjusted to accommodate, e.g. more Zirconium silicate lowers glaze thermal expansion).
It is best to exclude the chemistry of the Zirconium silicate materials from participation in glaze chemistry calculations, treating Zirconium silicate simply as an addition (then take into consideration its effect on glaze properties on a physical rather than chemical level).
Zirconium silicate is widely applied to glaze and frit industry.


Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications.
For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Zirconium silicate is used for manufacturing refractory materials for applications where resistance to corrosion by alkali materials is required.


Zirconium silicate is used in refractories, ceramics, glazes, cements, coatings for casting molds, polishing materials, gemstones, and cosmetics.
Zirconium silicate is also used as a catalyst and silicone rubber stabilizer.
Zirconium silicate is used as a refractory, abrasive, and to make ceramic glazes and enamels; Also used in the steel and glass industries and in foundries to make molds.


Zirconium silicate is applied in glass additive, sanitary ware, tiles and other ceramic glaze, micro granule.
Zirconium silicate is used for manufacturing refractory materials and foundry casting, also used in glass additive, sanitary ware, tiles and other ceramic glaze as an opacifier.
Zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) is one form of the mineral whose crystals when polished are known as cubic zircons, which resemble diamond gemstones.


Zirconium silicate is widely used in ceramic production because of its good chemical stability, so Zirconium silicate is not affected by ceramic firing atmosphere, and can significantly improve the bonding properties of ceramic glaze and increase the hardness of ceramic glaze.
Zirconium silicate has also been further applied in the production of color picture tubes in television industry, emulsified glass and enamel glaze in glass industry. The MELTING POINT OF ZIRCONium SILICATE IS HIGH: 2500 degrees Celsius.
Zirconium silicate is also widely used in refractory materials, glass kiln Zirconium ramming materials, castables, spray coatings


Zirconium silicate is widely used in all kinds of building ceramics, sanitary ceramics, daily ceramics, first-class handicraft ceramics production, in the processing and production of ceramic glaze, wide range of use, large dosage.
Zirconium silicate is finely-milled zircon provides high whiteness and opacity in ceramic glazes and porcelain bodies for the various ceramic products, such as ceramic tile, sanitaryware, roofing tile, table ware and so on.
Zirconium silicate is used for manufacturing refractory materials for applications where resistance to corrosion by alkali materials is required.


Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors.
Zirconium Silicate is also used in production of some ceramics, enamels, and ceramic glazes.
Zircon is recovered from heavy mineral sands and is used largely for its thermal properties in the fields of ceramics refractories and foundry uses.


Some experimental tests were carried out in a pilot-plant scale in order to assess the viability of different membrane processes in the treatment of the effluent from a zirconium silicate production industry.
Selective Laser Sintering of zirconium silicate as a ceramic material used for investment casting shells and cores is an attractive alternative to the conventional, time-consuming way of producing these shells from a wax master.


Zirconium Silicate is reported by Kleber and Putt (1986) as being used in chewing gum and in a dental prophylaxis paste.
Zirconium silicate, ZrSiO4, is a natural mineral used various applications as a refractory bulk material.
Zirconium silicate is an excellent feedstock for the plasma spraying of protective coatings and free-standing bodies.
Zirconium Silicate has different kinds of applications in the ceramic industry, including as a whiteness and opacity booster.


Zirconium Silicate’s also used as a raw material in ceramic glazes to promote opacity, as well as in glass compounds to make beautiful, opaque white glazes.
A range of Zirconium silicate materials is available.
However, for special applications, alternative particle sizes can be processed.
Zirconium silicate is used for ceramics, opal glaze, coating enhancers, etc. catalysts for the manufacture of alkanes and alkenes.


Zirconium silicate is an excellent opacifying agent, which is widely used in the production fields of high-grade ceramic glaze, advanced refractory fiber, TV display screen and so on.
Zirconium Silicate is also a special glass, porcelain with raw materials and special rubber reinforced resin filler.
Zirconium Silicate improves erosion and chemical resistance when used in glazes.


In spite of being used widely in the production of various ceramics, it is also widely used in refractory materials, zirconium ramming materials, casting materials spray coatings and dental crowns.
Zirconium silicate is used in ceramics, opalescent glazes, paint enhancers, etc.
Zirconium silicate is used catalysts for the manufacture of alkanes and alkenes.


Zirconium silicate is used silicone rubber stabilizer
Zirconium silicate is used manufacturing metal zirconium and zirconium oxide.
Zirconium silicate is used industrial zirconium raw materials, gemstones, catalysts, cementing agents, glass polishing agents, resistors and electrical insulators, refractories, glazes, whitening in ceramic glazes,


Zirconium Silicate is used silicone rubber stabilizer.
Zirconium Silicate is used manufacture of metallic zirconium and zirconia.
Industrial applications of Zirconium Silicate: zirconium raw materials, gems, catalysts, cements, glass polishes, resistors and electrical insulators, refractory materials, glazes, which play a whitening role in ceramic glazes, and can take expensive tin dioxide, Zirconium dioxide can greatly reduce the cost on the glaze, with an average particle size of 1um-1.2um.


Zirconium silicate is used for ceramics, opalescent glazes, paint enhancers, etc
Zirconium Silicate (ZrSiO4) is a ceramic powder that is used for enamels and ceramic glazes.
Depending on the application, Zirconium silicate sand may be calcined at a high temperature giving a stabilised product.
At one of the most sophisticated plants in Europe, Zirconium silicate is processed and milled to the most stringent grading and particle sizes required.


Zirconium silicate uses and applications include: Glaze opacifier; stabilizes color shades; used in white and colored glazes for sanitary ware, wall tile, glazed brick, structural tile, stoneware, dinnerware, special porcelains, refractory compositions, epoxy formulations, encapsulating resins; source of zirconium oxide, metallic zirconium, hafnium; inert filler; abrasive; enamels; catalyst; silicone rubbers; foundry cores; in cements; coatings for casting molds; polishing materials; stabilizer in silicone rubbers; cosmetic creams.


-Uses in Pottery:
Zirconium silicate is normally used in glazes for opacification (converting a transparent glaze to an opaque).
The silicate form or zirconium does not matte glazes (like pure zirconium oxide, actually, zirconium dioxide, does).
The exact amount needed varies between different glaze types.
10-12% is normal, but up to 20% may be required to opacify some transparent glazes.
When the saturation point is achieved crystallization begins to occur.
Zirconium silicate is most effective at low temperatures.
As a glaze opacifier the white color produced by zirconium silicate is often characterized as 'toilet bowl white'.
If the shade of white is too harsh, Zirconium silicate can be toned by shifting part of the opacification burden to tin or by adding a tiny amount of stain (e.g. blue, brown, grey).
The low expansion or Zirconium silicate will tend to reduce crazing in glazes.


-Applications of Zirconium silicate:
*Preparation of ceramic membrane for micro-filtration applications
*Improving The Efficiency Of Fine Grinding – Developments In Ceramic
*Media Technology
*Ultrathin Zirconium Silicate Films Deposited on Si(100)
*Management of norm with particular refernces to zircon minerals
*The effect of grinding media performance on milling and operational behaviour
*Radioactivity in raw materials and end products in the Italian ceramics industry
*Zirconium and Hafnium
-Zirconium silicate is a material commonly used in ceramics, glazes and glazed ceramics.



STRUCTURE AND BONDING of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
Zirconium silicate consists of 8-coordinated Zr4+ centers linked to tetrahedral orthosilicate SiO44- sites.
The oxygen atoms are all triply bridging, each with the environment OZr2Si.
Given Zirconium silicate's highly crosslinked structure, Zirconium silicate is hard, and hence prized as gemstone and abrasive.
Zirconium silicate is a d0 ion.
Consequently Zirconium silicate is colorless and diamagnetic.



PRODUCTION of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral zircon.
Concentrated sources of zircon are rare.
Zirconium silicate is mined from sand deposits and separated by gravity.
Some sands contain a few percent of zircon.
Zirconium silicate can also be synthesized by fusion of SiO2 and ZrO2 in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with sodium silicate in an aqueous solution.



PREPARATION of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral zircon.
Ore is mined from natural deposits and concentrated by various techniques (See Zirconium, Recovery).
Zirconium silicate is separated from sand by electrostatic and electromagnetic methods.
Also, Zirconium silicate can be made by fusion of SiO2 and ZrO2 in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with sodium silicate in aqueous solution.

After mixing zirconium quartz and Soda Ash in a certain proportion, it is sent to a high temperature furnace for roasting at about 1100 ° C.
After roasting, it is pulverized and then sent to a purification tank, and then the pH value is adjusted to acid with hydrochloric acid, additives are then added to purify titanium, iron and other impurities at 60-80 °c, rinsed with water to remove insoluble salts, and the product is obtained by filtration, drying, and jet grinding.



FEATURES of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
Providing superior whiteness and opacity in ceramic glazes while glaze reflection and glossiness are maintained.
Increasing crack resistance, chemical resistance, scratch resistance, tensile strength and compressive strength of the glaze.
Also, Zirconium silicate can make soft pastel color and help to stabilize the color shade.
Zirconium silicate can be used to the bodies.

The highest purity Zircon or Zirconium Silicate can be found in deposits close to the American, Australian and South African coasts.
Zirconium Silicate sand is separated from other minerals by ore dressing techniques during which strict controls are made to ensure the quality of the final product.



SYNTHESIS of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
-Non-Thermal Synthesis of Mesoporous Zirconium Silicate and its Characterization
-Crystalline, Microporous Zirconium Silicates with MEL Structure
-Atomic layer deposition of zirconium silicate films using zirconium tetra-tert-butoxide and silicon tetrachloride
-Synthesis of glass-ceramic glazes in the ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2–ZrO2 system
-Atomic layer deposition of zirconium silicate films using zirconium tetrachloride and tetra-n-butyl orthosilicate



CHARACTERISTICS of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
-Zirconium silicate as a ceramic glaze additive, within a certain particle size range with particle size reduction whiteness, strength, wear resistance, hydrolysis resistance, corrosion resistance are improved, self-cleaning ability enhanced, reduced dosage.
-Because of its strong hydrolysis resistance, zirconium silicate powder can be used as the carrier of nano functional powder in water environment.
-Zirconium silicate can be used as surface coating agent for functional powders due to its strong oxidation resistance.
For example, the red glaze of Chinese red ceramics is made of nano-zirconium silicate coating agent, red and bright color, do not fade.
-Because of the high strength and good wear resistance of zirconium silicate, nanometer zirconium silicate powder is a high quality abrasive medium and engineering ceramic raw material.



ZIRCONIUM SILICATE BRICKS:
Zirconium silicate bricks, characterized by a ZrO2+HfO2 content of more than 64 % are isostatically pressed, moulded by hand or uniaxially pressed.
Isostatically pressed zirconium bricks are characterized by a homogenous and dense structure (porosity 1-5 vol.%) over the total brick volume.
These bricks are mainly used as glass contact material in borosilicate glass melters and as lining or electrode blocks and bushing blocks for the manufacture of textile glass fibre and glass wool.

Porous Zirconium silicate bricks (porosity 15 - 22 vol.%) are used as a security layer in melter bottoms and as a contact indifferent separating layer in the superstructure of soda lime glass melters.
Special qualities with a low flow rate under pressure are used for the superstructure of furnaces and arches of borosilicate glass melters and low alkali special glass melters.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
Chemical formula: O4SiZr
Molar mass: 183.305 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless crystals
Density: 4.56 g cm−3
Melting point: 1,540 °C (2,800 °F; 1,810 K) (decomposes)
Heat capacity (C): 98.3 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -204
Crystal structure: tetragonal
Molecular Weight: 183.31

Appearance: Off-white powder
Melting Point: 2550 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 3.9 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Tensile Strength: 290 MPa (Ultimate)
Thermal Conductivity: 3.5 W/m-K
Thermal Expansion: 5.0 µm/m-K
Exact Mass: 181.861289
Monoisotopic Mass: 181.861289

Molecular Weight: 183.31
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 181.861284
Monoisotopic Mass: 181.861284
Topological Polar Surface Area: 92.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 19.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: 2550 °C
Density: 4,56 g/cm3
refractive index: 1.78-1.99
form: nanopowder
color: Yellow to orange
Specific Gravity: 4.56
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: Insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,10181

Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Appearance Form: powder
Colour: grey
Odour: No data available
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available

Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: No data available
Vapour density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Auto-ignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Formula: O4SiZr
Molar Mass: 183.3071
Density: 4,56 g/cm3
Melting Point: 2550 °C
Water Solubility: Insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia.
Appearance: White to light brown fine powder
Specific Gravity: 4.56
Color: Yellow to orange
Odor: Odorless



FIRST AID MEASURES of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
-General advice:
Consult a physician.
-If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
-In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ZIRCONIUM SILICATE:
-Control parameters:
*Exposure controls:
-Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*S

Zinc(II) fluoride; Zinc difluoride; Zinc fluorure cas no : 7783-49-5

Zinc bis(hydroxymethanesulphinate);bis( hydroxymethanesulfinato-O,O')zinc; methanesulfinic acid 1-hydroxy-, zinc salt (2:1); zinc bis(hydroxymethane sulfinate) CAS NO: 24887-06-7

Zn - pyrion; ZnPT; ZPT; zinc omadine ; ZINC PYRITHIONE; N° CAS : 13463-41-7 - Pyrithione de zinc; Origine(s) : Synthétique; Nom INCI : ZINC PYRITHIONE; Nom chimique : Pyridine-2-thiol-1-oxide, zinc complex (2:1); N° EINECS/ELINCS : 236-671-3; Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI); Antipelliculaire : Aide à lutter contre les pellicules; Anti-séborrhée : Aide à contrôler la production de sébum; Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance; Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétique. Noms français : 2-PYRIDINETHIOL-1-OXIDE, ZINC SALT; BIS(1-HYDROXY-2(1H)-PYRIDINETHIONATO)ZINC; Pyrithione de zinc; SEL DE ZINC DE ; L'OXYDE DE MERCAPTO-2 PYRIDINE; ZINC PYRIDINE-2-THIOL-1-OXIDE; ZINC PYRIDINETHIONE; Zinc pyrithione; ZINC, BIS(1-HYDROXY-2(1H)-PYRIDINETHIONATO-O,S)-, (T-4)-; ZINC, BIS(1-HYDROXY-2(H)-PYRIDINETHONATO)-; ZINC, BIS(2-PYRIDINYLTHIO)-, N,N'-DIOXIDE; ZINC, BIS(2-PYRIDYLTHIO)-, 1,1'-DIOXIDE. Noms anglais : Zinc pyrithione. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Médicament bactéricide et antiséborrhéique; Pyrithione zincç Translated names: Cinko piritionas (lt); Piirition taż-żingu (Piirition taż-żingu) (mt); Pirition cink (cinkov pirition) (hr); Pirition-cink (Cink-pirition) (hu); Piritiona de cinc (es); Piritiona-zinco (piritiona de zinco) (pt); Piritioncinks (cinka piritions) (lv); Piritionă de zinc (ro); Pirytionian cynku (pl); Pyrithion-Zink (Zink-Pyrithion) (de); Pyrithione zinc (Zinc pyrithione) (no); Pyrithione zincique (pyrithione de zinc) (fr); pyrithionzink (da); Pyrithionzink (zinkpyrithion) (nl); Pyritionisinkki (sinkkipyritioni) (fi); Tsinkpüritioon (et); Zinco piritione (piritione zincica) (it); zink-1-oxo-1λ5-pyridin-2-thiolát (cs); zinkium-pyritión (sk); Zinkpyrition (Pyritionzink) (sv); Άλας πυριθειόνης με ψευδάργυρο (Zinc pyrithione) (el); Цинков пиритион (bg). CAS names: Zinc, bis[1-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-.kappa.S2]-, (T-4)-. IUPAC names; 1-oxidopyridine-6-thiolate, zinc (II) cation; 2-Mercaptopyridine N-Oxide Zinc Salt; Bis [1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-O,S](T-4)-zinc; bis(1-hydroxy-2(1h)-pyridinethionato)zinc; bis(1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-O,S)-(T-4) zinc; Bis(1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinthionato-O,S) zinc; bis(2-pyridylthio)zinc 1,1'-dioxide; bis[1-hydroxy-2-(1H)-pyridine-thionato]zinc; Kopthione Zn; Mercaptopyridine N-oxide zinc salt, Pyrithione; Mercaptopyridine N-oxidezinc salt; pyrithione zinc`; Zinc 1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-thiolate; Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide; zinc bis(2-thioxopyridin-1(2H) -olate); zinc bis(2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-olate); Zinc pyridinethione; Zinc pyrithion; Zinc Pyrithione; zinc(2+) bis(2-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-olate); ZINC, BIS(1-HYDROXY-2(1H)-PYRIDINETHIONATO)- (6CI,7CI,8CI); zinc;1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-thiolate ; (T-4)-bis(1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-O,S)zinc;, 13463-41-7 [RN]; 2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, zinc salt (2:1) [ACD/Index Name]; 236-671-3 [EINECS]; bis(1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato)zinc; Bis(2-thioxo-1(2H)-pyridinolate) de zinc [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; bis(2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-olate) de zinc; Evafine P 50; Finecide ZPT; Hokucide ZPT; Niccanon SKT; Omadine Zinc; Tomicide Z 50; Vancide P; Wella Crisan; Zinc bis(2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide; Zinc bis(2-thioxo-1(2H)-pyridinolate) [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Zinc bis(2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-olate);Zinkbis(2-thioxo-1(2H)-pyridinolat) [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; {Bis[1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato]zinc}; 1-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione zinc salt; 2-Mercaptopyridine N-Oxide Zinc Salt; BIS(1-HYDROXY-2(H)-PYRIDINETHIONATO)ZINC; Mercaptopyridine N-oxide zinc salt; MFCD00067336 [MDL number]; Pyrithione; Pyrithione zinc;Vancide ZP; Zinc - pyrion; zinc and 1-oxidopyridine-2-thione; Zinc omadine; Zinc pyrethion; zinc pyridinethione; Zinc pyrithione; Zinc pyrithione; ZINC(2+) BIS(2-SULFANYLIDENEPYRIDIN-1-OLATE); Zinc, bis(1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-O,S)-(T-4)-; Zinc, bis(2-pyridinylthio)-, N,N'-dioxide; Zinc, bis(2-pyridylthio)-, 1,1'-dioxide; Zinc, bis(2-pyridylthio)-, N,N'-dioxide; zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione; Zn - pyrion; ZnPT; ZPT

ZDDP;ZnSO4;neozin;Z-Span;Kreatol;optised;Optraex;orazinc;Zincaps;zinklet CAS No.7733-02-0