Phenoxy Ethanol Phenoxy ethanol is a germicidal and germistatic glycol ether, phenol ether, and aromatic alcohol often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds. Use of Phenoxy ethanol Phenoxy ethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis. Phenoxy ethanol is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives.[4] In Japan and the EU, its concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%. Production of Phenoxy ethanol Phenoxy ethanol is produced by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides. Efficacy of Phenoxy ethanol Phenoxy ethanol is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans.[6] Phenoxy ethanol by Lanxess is used as a crosslinking agent. Phenoxy ethanol is effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. Phenoxy ethanol complies with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for indirect food contact use in adhesives. Safety Phenoxyethanol is a vaccine preservative and potential allergen, which may result in a nodular reaction at the site of injection.[8] It reversibly inhibits NMDAR-mediated ion currents.[9] Ingestion may cause central nervous system and respiratory depression, vomiting and diarrhea in infants, particularly when combined with chlorphenesin. What is phenoxy ethanol? Phenoxy ethanol is a preservative used in many cosmetics and personal care products. You may have a cabinet full of products containing this ingredient in your home, whether you know it or not. Chemically, phenoxy ethanol is known as a glycol ether, or in other words, a solvent. CosmeticsInfo.org describes Phenoxy ethanol as "an oily, slightly sticky liquid with a faint rose-like scent." You likely come into contact with this chemical on a regular basis. But is it safe? The evidence is mixed. We'll review the most relevant scientific research about this common cosmetics ingredient. You can decide whether you'd like to keep or banish it from your personal care products arsenal. How's Phenoxy ethanol used? Many mainstream and boutique cosmetics products contain Phenoxy ethanol. Phenoxy ethanol's often used as a preservative or stabilizer for other ingredients that might otherwise deteriorate, spoil, or become less effective too quickly. Phenoxy ethanol is also used in other industries, including in vaccines and textiles. This article focuses on Phenoxy ethanol's role in topical cosmetics. Perhaps most famously in the public consciousness, Phenoxy ethanol was used in Mommy Bliss brand nipple cream. In 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Trusted Source recalled it as unsafe for breastfeeding infants, due to concerns about how it affects their central nervous system. Why is it added to cosmetics? In perfumes, fragrances, soaps, and cleansers, Phenoxy ethanol works as a stabilizer. In other cosmetics, Phenoxy ethanol's used as an antibacterial and/or a preservative to prevent products from losing their potency or spoiling. When combined with another chemical, some evidence indicates that it's effective at reducing acne. One 2008 study on 30 human subjects with inflammatory acne showed that after six weeks of twice-daily applications, more than half of the subjects saw a 50 percent improvement in their number of pimples. Manufacturers who want to avoid using parabens, which have recently lost favor among health-conscious consumers, might use Phenoxy ethanol in their products as a substitute. But is Phenoxy ethanol safer than parabens for topical use in humans? ADVERTISEMENT Get Answers from a Doctor in Minutes, Anytime Have medical questions? Connect with a board-certified, experienced doctor online or by phone. Pediatricians and other specialists available 24/7. Is phenoxy ethanol safe? Deciding whether or not you want to use products with this chemical is a complicated decision. There's conflicting data about its safety. Most of the concern stems from recorded incidents of bad skin reactions and nervous system interaction in infants. Possible health concerns Allergies and skin irritation In humans Phenoxy ethanol is known to cause allergic-type reactions on the skin in some people. Some argue that these bad reactions are the result of allergies in the test subjects. Others argue that it's simply a skin irritant that affects different people at different levels. Phenoxy ethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products and also as a stabilizer in perfumes and soaps.[1] Exposure to Phenoxy ethanol has been linked to reactions ranging from eczema[2] to severe, life-threatening allergic reactions.[3] Infant oral exposure to Phenoxy ethanol can acutely affect nervous system function.[4] FOUND IN: Moisturizer, eye shadow, foundation, sunscreen, conditioner, mascara, eye liner, shampoo, lip gloss, concealer, body wash, hand cream, blush, hair color, hair spray, lip balm, lotion, nail polish, baby wipes, baby lotions and soaps, soap (liquid and bar), shaving cream, deodorant, toothpaste, fragrance, hair removal waxes, hand sanitizer and ultrasound gel. WHAT TO LOOK FOR ON THE LABEL: Phenoxy ethanol, 2-Phenoxy ethanol, Euxyl K® 400 (mixture of Phenoxy ethanol and 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane), PhE WHAT IS Phenoxy ethanol? Phenoxy ethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products to limit bacterial growth. A review of 43 cosmetic products demonstrated that only 25 percent of the products had concentrations of Phenoxy ethanol greater than 0.6 percent and the mean concentration of Phenoxy ethanol was 0.46 percent.[5] Phenoxy ethanol is also used as to stabilize components found in perfumes and soaps. VULNERABLE POPULATIONS: Individuals allergic to Phenoxy ethanol and breast-feeding infants. REGULATIONS: The European Economic Community (EEC) Cosmetics Derivative[13] and the Cosmetics Regulation of the European Union approved Phenoxy ethanol in concentrations up to one percent. [14] HOW TO AVOID: Infants should not be exposed to cosmetic products containing Phenoxy ethanol. If you are allergic, read labels and avoid personal care products and vaccines with Phenoxy ethanol and since parabens may enhance the allergic effects of Phenoxy ethanol, skip products containing both chemicals. If you are not allergic, Phenoxy ethanol is a relatively safe preservative in regard to chronic health effects. What it is: Phenoxy ethanol can be found naturally in green tea, but the commercial ingredient is synthetically produced in a laboratory creating what’s termed a “nature identical” chemical. Specifically, it’s created by treating phenol with ethylene oxide in an alkaline medium which all reacts to form a pH-balanced ingredient. What it does: Fights bacteria. Most personal care products are made with a lot of water and a variety of nutrients (consider all of the natural oils and botanicals in Honest products!) which makes an incredibly hospitable breeding ground for microorganisms. What’s worse – the product might smell and look just fine, but be swarming with bacteria or fungi that are dangerous to your health. Effective preservatives are vital for ensuring safety! Why we use it: We use Phenoxy ethanol in a very low concentration as a preservative in 5 of our products (Stain Remover, Multi-Surface Spray, Dish Soap, Hand Soap & Laundry Detergent) because the most accessible alternatives for these types of formulas include parabens and formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. Both are classes of chemicals with demonstrable evidence of potential health risks, whereas Phenoxy ethanol is very safe at low levels. It’s been tested on the skin and eyes and it is non-irritating and non-sensitizing at levels of 2.2% or lower while being effective at only 1% concentrations. The European Union and Japan both approve its use up to that 1% level and our formulas fall well below the recommendation at 0.5% or less (depending on the specific product). Even better, Phenoxy ethanol doesn’t react with other ingredients, air or light. This kind of stability makes it an especially effective preservative. We’d like to point out a study that helped inform our decision to use it – a study conducted on pre-term newborn babies finding a Phenoxy ethanol-based antiseptic as the preferred, gentle formula that’s quickly metabolized by even a premature baby’s system. As certain skin care ingredients fall out of favor with consumers, brands have been switching up their formulas to accommodate the demand. And often, this involves ditching the parabens and using a chemical called Phenoxy ethanol instead. But what is Phenoxy ethanol, exactly? And is it even safe? What is Phenoxy ethanol? According to board-certified dermatologist Kiran Mian, D.O., Phenoxy ethanol is a preservative that's used in cosmetics, perfumes, and toiletries. It's colorless, oily, and has a rose-like odor. Chemically speaking, it's an ether alcohol that's naturally found in green tea. But most of the Phenoxy ethanol you'll come across is synthesized in a lab. On that note, you probably use this chemical more often than you think. About 23.9% of personal products contain Phenoxy ethanol, so it's a pretty common preservative. It's likely in most of your products, from leave-on cosmetics (like lipsticks) to rinse-off formulas (like cleansers). And you're probably about to see a lot more of it, too. With the increasing popularity of paraben-free products, many skin care brands have used Phenoxy ethanol in place of parabens. It can be listed on a label under several names, including 2-Phenoxy ethanol, phenoxytol, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, and 1-hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane. What is Phenoxy ethanol used for in skin care? In skin care, Phenoxy ethanol is used to enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of a product. Here's how it works: 1. It prevents microbial growth. Although it may sound unpleasant, your cosmetic products double as the perfect home (and food) for harmful microorganisms. It's all thanks to water and organic/inorganic compounds, which is found in basically every product. Phenoxy ethanol helps by preventing the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, says Jessie Cheung, M.D., board-certified dermatologist. It fights bacteria by making holes in their membranes, which essentially makes them implode, adds Mian. Phenoxy ethanol also disrupts DNA and RNA synthesis in bacteria and yeast, so it's impossible for them to reproduce, she notes. In turn, these microbes can't multiply and contaminate your beloved skin care products. 2. It stabilizes products. "Phenoxy ethanol is compatible with many other preservatives," says Cheung, and it doesn't react with light or air. Therefore, it's used to prevent ingredients from breaking down or separating, helping your product stay stable. What's more, Phenoxy ethanol itself is stable at a wide range of pHs, notes Cheung, so it works well in a variety of formulas. 3. It enhances the shelf life of your products. As a preservative, Phenoxy ethanol is ultimately used to extend a product's lifespan. Its antimicrobial and stabilizing properties protect the formula from spoilage, which would render the product useless—and unsafe. This increases the length of time you can enjoy the product without any issues. (It's still smart to check the expiration date, though!) Are there any side effects? Phenoxy ethanol is generally recognized as a safe, well-tolerated preservative. Yet, there have been a few reports of this substance causing adverse effects. In a 2010 case study, a woman developed an allergic reaction—in the form of hives and anaphylaxis—after using a skin care product with Phenoxy ethanol. The researchers did a specific Phenoxy ethanol skin test and found that she was allergic to the preservative. There was also a 2015 report of Phenoxy ethanol causing irritation. The preservative, which was applied via ultrasound gel, led to contact dermatitis. Also, in 2008, the FDA issued a warning "for a nipple cream containing Phenoxy ethanol and chlorphenesin, another preservative [that causes] central nervous system effects, as the two ingredients could synergistically increase the risk of respiratory depression in nursing infants," says Cheung. Finally, in animal studies, Phenoxy ethanol has caused negative effects at very high doses. However, any potential toxicity happens at exposure levels much higher—around 200 times more—than what's used in cosmetics. It's also worth noting that reports of side effects are rare—extremely rare. (Consider them the exception, not the rule.) When used at the low concentrations (less than 1%) found in cosmetics, Phenoxy ethanol is unlikely to cause harmful or unpleasant outcomes. Who shouldn't use it? "Even though Phenoxy ethanol is regarded as low-risk, you can be sensitized to any chemical," explains Cheung. So, if you have sensitive skin, she recommends proceeding with caution when using any new skin care products—including those with Phenoxy ethanol. If you think you have a Phenoxy ethanol allergy, do a patch test first, suggests Mian. Apply a small amount to your inner wrist. Keep an eye on the area for 24 hours. You can keep using the product if you don't develop a reaction. If you do have a reaction, remember that it could be caused by any ingredient in the formula. Your best bet is to visit your dermatologist to try to pinpoint the culprit. And if you're pregnant or breastfeeding? Avoid using products with Phenoxy ethanol, just to be safe, and check with your doctor first. The takeaway. If you're a fan of paraben-free products, there's a good chance you've been regularly using Phenoxy ethanol. Don't worry, though—it's unlikely that it will cause irritation or side effects. Not to mention, it's better than the alternative. Just be mindful of the ingredients you are using in general. Phenoxy ethanol is a widely used synthetic preservative that has global approval for use in all cosmetic products in concentrations up to 1%. It’s often used in even lower amounts, such as when combined with other ingredients like ethylhexylglycerin. In this case, lower amounts of Phenoxy ethanol can be just as effective as the maximum approved amount. Phenoxy ethanol is incredibly versatile: It works in a large range of formulas and pH ranges, has broad spectrum activity against many pathogens you don’t want multiplying in your skincare products, is stable, and is compatible with many other preservatives used in cosmetics. Phenoxy ethanol has become the new skincare ingredient to be demonized by various retail/natural marketing cosmetic companies and websites. The controversy is similar to the absurdity over paraben preservatives. Parabens were made evil in skincare products because of studies showing they are endocrine disruptors, but parabens don’t have that property when they absorb into skin. Much like parabens, Phenoxy ethanol being a problem in cosmetics is based on research that has nothing to do with skincare. The negative research about Phenoxy ethanol is not about the cosmetics-grade version. That’s a big difference. Even plant extracts have to be purified when they are removed from the ground and put into skincare products. No one wants worms, fertilizer, heavy metals, and dirt in their products. Phenoxy ethanol is the same situation, it is purified before it is used in cosmetic formulations. As with many cosmetic ingredients, concentration matters. A 100% concentration of Phenoxy ethanol comes with some scary warnings. For example, the Safety Data Sheet on this preservative describes it as harmful if it contacts skin, is inhaled, or gets in to the eyes. Animal studies have shown it causes reproductive and developmental toxicity—no wonder some panic is occurring! As it turns out, the animal studies were about mice being fed large doses of this preservative, not about it being applied to skin, absorbing, and then causing reproductive or developmental harm. If you fed mice mass amounts of lavender or other essential oils, they would suffer terrible consequences. The rest of the alarming studies are about using Phenoxy ethanol in full-strength or atypically high concentrations, not the amounts of 1% or less used in cosmetic products. Think of it as the difference between taking one sip of wine versus chugging several bottles at once! Back to topical use, research has shown that compared to many other preservatives, the incidence of a sensitized or allergic reaction to Phenoxy ethanol applied as used in cosmetics is rare. But the truth is all preservatives, even the natural ones, carry some risk of sensitizing skin. That’s because preservatives of any kind are meant to kill fungus, bacteria, and mold and that can negatively impact skin. Ironically, in order for natural preservatives to be effective, they have to be used in much higher amounts than synthetic preservatives, typically up to 10%. This higher amount poses irritation and sensitizing problems for skin, so natural preservatives aren’t a slam-dunk replacement for synthetics, not even close. An interesting factoid: although the Phenoxy ethanol used in skincare products is synthetic, this chemical occurs naturally in green tea, just like parabens occur naturally in berries and other natural foods. Phenoxy ethanol (fee-no-oxy-ethanol) is part tongue twister, part chemical. More specifically, Phenoxy ethanol is a preservative that’s used to limit bacterial growth in many of the cosmetics you know and love. If you’ve been wondering about this mystery ingredient lingering on the label of your favorite products, we’re here to clear the air. Read through to learn all about what Phenoxy ethanol is, why its safety is questionable in certain products, and why we choose not to use it in ours. What Is Phenoxy ethanol? Phenoxy ethanol is a lesser known skin care ingredient that has flown under the radar of the average consumer for some time. Though this preservative isn’t quite in the danger zone of parabens and formaldehyde releasers, it does raise important concerns about safety. Phenoxy ethanol is a chemical preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products to limit bacterial growth and extend shelf life. It’s often used as a stabilizer for other ingredients that might otherwise deteriorate, spoil, or become less effective too quickly – it’s often employed along with perfumes, soaps, and bubble baths. You probably use this chemical more often than you think; about 23.9% of personal products contain Phenoxy ethanol, so it's one of those most common preservatives. Why We Choose Not To Use Phenoxy ethanol In Our Products Chemically, Phenoxy ethanol is known as a glycol ether – in other words, a solvent. According to the CDC, organic solvents can be carcinogens, reproductive hazards, and neurotoxins. Since many solvents a.k.a. chemicals are toxic, they can impact the skin and alter skin properties. These chemicals and a host of others are commonly found in lotions, moisturizers, liquid foundations, and sunscreen. It goes without saying why we choose not to use Phenoxy ethanol because it is a chemical preservative. It can be listed on a label under several names: 2-Phenoxy ethanol, phenoxytol, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, and 1-hydroxy-2-Phenoxy ethanol. We prefer to use more natural preservatives like honeysuckle, tocopherols, and plant-based antioxidants. Honeysuckle The intoxicating scent of these delicate, trumpet-like beauties boast powerful properties as a natural preservative. It acts as an effective agent against harmful microorganisms that keeps serums, lotions, and other beauty potions fresh and safe. Tocopherols A form of Vitamin E, tocopherols are effective natural preservatives that can help maintain the freshness and shelf life of products. They’re a safe and effective solution to protect lipids and prevent oxidation – or a product’s alteration in formula – that can occur in cosmetics and skin care products, especially cold-pressed oils. This oxidation can alter the lifespan of a product and its freshness and effectiveness. Antioxidants The use of antioxidants can also be considered important for maintaining the stability of the formulations. In terms of preservation, they are highly effective when it comes to reducing oxidation: a chemical reaction that often takes place when an ingredient is exposed to oxygen, resulting in rancidity and degeneration at a cellular level. Is Phenoxy ethanol Really That Bad? The short answer with a not-so-short conclusion, is that it depends who you ask. For instance, the Skin Deep database powered by EWG (the Environmental Working Group) rates the preservative as low hazard. But it still has the capability for harm, or cause an adverse effect – which is precisely why some brands won’t include the ingredient. On the other hand, there are companies who use Phenoxy ethanols BUT only in a small percentage. A familiar household brand, The Honest Company, only uses a tiny amount of the preservative to fight bacteria. Their plant based formulations, when paired with water, can create a breeding ground for fungi – so an effective preservative or stabilizer is in order! Using an effective preservative is critical for ensuring safety – something we know The Honest Company stands by. Phenoxy ethanol is only used in their dish and hand soaps, laundry detergent, stain remover, and surface spray. They consider the amount unsubstantial, and limit its use to only a few of their products. But what about those side effects we mentioned earlier? How Phenoxy ethanol Can Affect Skin and Health On the surface, these fairly unassuming preservatives may not seem that bad – but going a little deeper, there is a conversation questioning its safety for those with certain skin types. Granted the FDA and The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) as well as other companies using this preservative can agree on one thing: it’s safe when applied topically in concentrations of 1 percent or lower. Still, questions are lingering regarding the safety of Phenoxy ethanol for sensitive skin types, in regards to allergic reactions and skin irritation. Several studies have indicated that those with sensitive skin can experience allergic-type reactions, due in part to having pre-existing allergies. Some studies simply identify it as a skin irritant that can affect different people at varying levels. Symptoms can range from rashes to a more severe response of hives. Other Effects of Phenoxy ethanol on Your Health If you scratch the surface further on Phenoxy ethanol, there are additional conversations about its adverse health effects for urinary incontinence. Phenoxy ethanol has been linked to partial loss of the urgency to urinate, as well as pain attributed to the preservative while urinating. Phenoxy ethanol is also often found in baby soaps and bubble baths, begging the question of their safety for the most delicate of skin. Phenoxy ethanol is thought to cause central nervous system damage in exposed infants – not to mention the aforementioned risk of urinary tract discomfort and irritation. As we’ve emphasized, there are a variety of reasons to accept or dispel the use of Phenoxy ethanol in skin and health applications and products. While there are mixed reviews as to the potential ill-effects of this ingredient, know that we’ll always play it safe when it comes to hazardous preservatives! Phenoxy ethanol DANGERS: IS Phenoxy ethanol SAFE AND WHAT IS Phenoxy ethanol IN SKINCARE? There are little known cosmetic ingredients and then there are those that are more familiar. Parabens created a media explosion a decade ago that has resulted in nearly everyone at least knowing about these controversial compounds. While we don’t consider parabens acceptable for use in our formulations here at Blissoma, they certainly aren’t the only mainstream preservatives to avoid when shopping skincare. Phenoxy ethanol is a synthetic preservative that can be found in a wide range of skincare products. And while it's considered by some to be safer than parabens, this preservative has its good and bad points like any chemical. That’s why we’d like to shed light on the Phenoxy ethanol dangers that can exist, and the ways it interacts with your body. WHAT IS Phenoxy ethanol IN SKINCARE? Phenoxy ethanol in cosmetics and personal care products is most commonly used as a synthetic preservative. This ingredient is produced for commercial use by treating phenol, a crystalline solid obtained from coal tar, with ethylene oxide, a carbolic acid. Both coal tar and ethylene oxide are known to contain carcinogenic compounds but some feel the process of combining the two makes Phenoxy ethanol safe for use as a cosmetic preservative. It is from a class of chemical compounds called glycol ethers. Phenoxy ethanol occurs naturally in small amounts in green tea and chicory, but the version you will find in cosmetic products is always made in a lab. This makes it "nature identical" at best when found in your skincare. This issue creates interesting questions about what "natural" really is - it is a naturally occurring compound, is it a compound extracted directly from plants, or is it ok to synthesize it, and does the chemical feedstock matter? These issues are ones that the natural, green, and clean beauty world is still wrestling with. We believe that the chemical feedstock absolutely matters, and that further the quantity of a compound that a person is likely to encounter in the natural world also matters. When a compound that occurs only in trace amounts in natural sources is highly concentrated in a lab and then used on human beings at levels they would not normally contact in nature it fundamentally changes how we are interacting with that substance. This issue has been explored previously with other preservative controversies like that around "Plantservative", the Japanese honeysuckle extract based preservative. Other compounds like undecane that are now sneaking into green beauty products have this same issue. The line for what is to be considered natural and what is non natural is currently a battleground and is likely to remain that way. Phenoxy ethanol is not allowed in cosmetic products applying for EcoCert or COSMOS certification. This already means that many natural-focused customers will choose to avoid this ingredient. Paraben fear has prompted many cosmetics makers to use Phenoxy ethanol as a preservative. And while it may not have the reputation of parabens or carry the same potential risks, there are reasons to consider steering clear of this ingredient. The best way to avoid synthetic preservatives is to read ingredient listings. Here’s how Phenoxy ethanol shows up on product labels: Phenoxy ethanol, 2-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, 2-phenoxy- ethanol, 2-Phenoxy ethanol, 2-phenoxyethyl alcohol, ethanol, 2-phenoxy-, ethanol, 2phenoxy, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Phenoxy ethanol, and phenoxytol. Contaminated skincare is a bad thing but synthetic preservatives have drawbacks too. And skipping synthetics doesn’t mean you have to forgo safe products. There are many natural preservatives that can be utilized in their place for lotions, creams, and serums that have water content. Green chemistry has continued to evolve in leaps and bounds and there are more choices of naturally based preservatives on the market for formulators than ever before. However the way that naturally based preservatives work is more complicated than many synthetic anti microbial ingredients, and they often cost more as raw materials. Usually a combination of several is needed in order to satisfy the needs of protecting a product from fungi and bacteria alike, which are sensitive to different things. More rigorous testing is needed to devise naturally based preservative systems that work in each individual product, which can also drive up development and laboratory costs. This can leave cosmetic manufacturers eager for the simplicity of using a broadly effective, comparatively "easy" ingredient like Phenoxy ethanol. IS Phenoxy ethanol SAFE IN SKINCARE? A quick Google search on Phenoxy ethanol safety will likely leave you stumped. There are two camps when it comes to this issue – those who feel the ingredient poses no risks when used as directed in concentrations of 1% or lower and those who feel it’s best avoided. You may want to note that Japan and the EU are the places where Phenoxy ethanol is currently restricted by law to be used at 1% or less. In the USA no such restrictions exist, nor is there any third party verification of ingredients content. This could mean that product manufacturers in the USA that use this ingredient may be using in excess of the advised 1% level, particularly if there are ingredients in a formulation that were preserved with Phenoxy ethanol prior to being added to the final recipe. If Phenoxy ethanol is then added to the final recipe at 1% this would put the total amount in the product over the 1% limit. It is nearly impossible to know if manufacturers are doing their math carefully to avoid this situation with no legal restrictions on them in the USA to cause them to act more cautiously. As always, it’s a good idea to do your research when concerned about a cosmetic ingredient and to follow brands whose ingredient commitment you trust. Brands dedicated to creating synthetic-free products will avoid Phenoxy ethanol. We did some digging and found that this preservative comes with some potential unwanted side effects. THE Phenoxy ethanol DANGERS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT Properly preserved skincare is a priority for safety, but which preservatives we use and how often are important choices. Whether Phenoxy ethanol is safe or not is likely to be a personal decision for most people, and there is definitely some study data you will want to know about as you consider how you feel about this preservative. A lot of the scientific study data available on Phenoxy ethanol is relatively old, and generally in the scientific world anything older than 10 years is very old since new testing methods and ideas are constantly evolving and new data is always being produced. With that in mind there are a few points of data you will want to know about. Phenoxy ethanol HAS A RELATIVELY LOW RISK OF SENSITIZING SKIN, BUT PEOPLE WITH ECZEMA MAY WANT TO AVOID IT ANYWAY. Phenoxy ethanol has been in use since the early 1980s, and very few incidents of contact allergy were reported in its early days of use. Reports of contact allergy increased in the 1990s and 2000s which could be simply due to its increased use in products. It could also represent growing sensitization in the population using it. However a 2011 study showed that Phenoxy ethanol showed one of the lowest risks of sensitization among preservatives evaluated in that study. The test group also included benzyl alcohol, parabens, and methylisothiazolinone (now known to cause contact allergy in many people). The sensitization exposure quotient (SEQ) was calculated by dividing the relative frequency of sensitization and the relative frequency of use. By this method Phenoxy ethanol was shown to have an SEQ of just .06 while methylisothiazolinone has an SEQ of 1.7. Some preservatives tested had SEQ values up to 9.0. Some of the worst cases of skin sensitization that have been seen with Phenoxy ethanol occurred when it was being used as a component ingredient in the branded preservative blend known as Euxyl-K 400. The other chemical compound in Euxyl-K 400 is 1,2-dibromo-2.4-dicyanobutane. The sensitizing capability of this blend has been known since the early 1990s and most cosmetic manufacturers are probably not using this blended ingredient anymore. All that said the SEQ calculated above was derived using data from a body of information collected between 2006-2009 and includes frequency of use as one of the criteria. The use of Phenoxy ethanol in cosmetics has absolutely risen over the last 10 years, meaning that those numbers could shift given that frequency of use would be way up. Frequency of contact contributes to sensitization. As well the data would have represented a broad section of people, which is great if you have "normal" skin. However if you are someone suffering from eczema or frequent contact allergies it could be far more likely

cas no 122-99-6 Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethyl Alcohol; Arosol; 2-phenoxy-Ethanol; Dowanol EPh; Glycol monophenyl ether; Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethanol; Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Phenyl cellosolve; 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane; 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; Ethylene glycol phenyl ether; Phenoxytol; Phenylmonoglycol ether; 2-Fenoxyethanol; 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Plastiazan-41 (Russian); Fenylcelosolv; Phenoxethol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether;

PHENOXYETHANOL Phenoxyethanol Phenoxyethanol Phenoxyethanol 2-Phenoxyethanol-Line-Structure.svg Phenoxyethanol 3d structure.png Names IUPAC name 2-Phenoxyethanol Other names Phenoxyethanol Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether Phenoxytolarosol Dowanol EP / EPH Protectol PE Emery 6705 Rose ether 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane β-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether Phenyl cellosolve Identifiers of Phenoxyethanol CAS Number of Phenoxyethanol 122-99-6 ☑ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:64275 ☒ ChEMBL ChEMBL1229846 ☒ ChemSpider 13848467 ☑ ECHA InfoCard 100.004.173 PubChem CID 31236 Properties of Phenoxyethanol Chemical formula of Phenoxyethanol C8H10O2 Molar mass of Phenoxyethanol 138.166 g·mol-1 Appearance of Phenoxyethanol Colorless oily liquid Odor of Phenoxyethanol faint rose-like Density of Phenoxyethanol1.102 g/cm3 Melting point of Phenoxyethanol -2 °C (28 °F; 271 K) Boiling point of Phenoxyethanol 247 °C (477 °F; 520 K) Solubility of Phenoxyethanol in water 26 g/kg Solubility of Phenoxyethanol Chloroform, Alkali, diethyl ether: soluble Solubility of Phenoxyethanol in peanut oil slightly Solubility of Phenoxyethanol in olive oil slightly Solubility of Phenoxyethanol in acetone miscible Solubility of Phenoxyethanol in ethanol miscible Solubility of Phenoxyethanol in glycerol miscible Vapor pressure of Phenoxyethanol 0.001 kPa Thermal conductivity 0.169 W/(m⋅K) Refractive index (nD) 1.534 (20 ℃) Hazards NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 130 Flash point of Phenoxyethanol 121 °C (250 °F; 394 K) Related compounds Related compounds phenetole Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is ☑☒ ?) Infobox references Phenoxyethanol is a germicidal and germistatic glycol ether, phenol ether, and aromatic alcohol often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds. Use of Phenoxyethanol Phenoxyethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis. Phenoxyethanol is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives.[4] In Japan and the EU, its concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%.[5] Production of Phenoxyethanol Phenoxyethanol is produced by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides.[1] Efficacy of Phenoxyethanol Phenoxyethanol is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans.[6] Phenoxyethanol by Lanxess is used as a crosslinking agent. Phenoxyethanol is effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. Phenoxyethanol complies with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for indirect food contact use in adhesives. What is Phenoxyethanol? Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in many cosmetics and personal care products. You may have a cabinet full of products containing this ingredient in your home, whether you know it or not. Chemically, Phenoxyethanol is known as a glycol ether, or in other words, a solvent. CosmeticsInfo.org describes Phenoxyethanol as "an oily, slightly sticky liquid with a faint rose-like scent." You likely come into contact with this chemical on a regular basis. But is it safe? The evidence is mixed. We'll review the most relevant scientific research about this common cosmetics ingredient. You can decide whether you'd like to keep or banish it from your personal care products arsenal. How's Phenoxyethanol used? Many mainstream and boutique cosmetics products contain Phenoxyethanol. Phenoxyethanol's often used as a preservative or stabilizer for other ingredients that might otherwise deteriorate, spoil, or become less effective too quickly. Phenoxyethanol is also used in other industries, including in vaccines and textiles. This article focuses on Phenoxyethanol's role in topical cosmetics. How does Phenoxyethanol appear on the label? You might see this ingredient listed in a few ways: Phenoxyethanol ethylene glycol monophenyl ether 2-Phenoxyethanol PhE dowanol arosol phenoxetol rose ether phenoxyethyl alcohol beta-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether euxyl K® 400, a mixture of Phenoxyethanol and 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane What cosmetics is Phenoxyethanol found in? You can find Phenoxyethanol as an ingredient in a wide variety of cosmetics and hygiene products, including: perfume foundation blush lipstick soaps hand sanitizer ultrasound gel, and more Perhaps most famously in the public consciousness, Phenoxyethanol was used in Mommy Bliss brand nipple cream. In 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Trusted Source recalled it as unsafe for breastfeeding infants, due to concerns about how it affects their central nervous system. Why is it added to cosmetics? In perfumes, fragrances, soaps, and cleansers, Phenoxyethanol works as a stabilizer. In other cosmetics, Phenoxyethanol's used as an antibacterial and/or a preservative to prevent products from losing their potency or spoiling. When combined with another chemical, some evidence indicates that it's effective at reducing acne. One 2008 study on 30 human subjects with inflammatory acne showed that after six weeks of twice-daily applications, more than half of the subjects saw a 50 percent improvement in their number of pimples. Manufacturers who want to avoid using parabens, which have recently lost favor among health-conscious consumers, might use Phenoxyethanol in their products as a substitute. But is Phenoxyethanol safer than parabens for topical use in humans? Is Phenoxyethanol safe? Deciding whether or not you want to use products with this chemical is a complicated decision. There's conflicting data about its safety. Most of the concern stems from recorded incidents of bad skin reactions and nervous system interaction in infants. The FDA currently allows the use of this ingredient in cosmetics, and as an indirect food additive. An expert panel from The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) first reviewed all available data on this chemical in 1990. They deemed it safe when applied topically in concentrations of 1 percent or lower. In 2007, the panel reviewed newly available data, then confirmed their former decision that it's safe for adults to use topically in very low concentrations. The European Commission on Health and Food Safety also gives this chemical a "safe" rating when used in cosmetics at a 1-percent or less concentration. However, this report notes that using several products all containing a low dose could result in overexposure. Japan also restricts use in cosmetics to a 1-percent concentration. Possible health concerns Allergies and skin irritation In humans Phenoxyethanol is known to cause allergic-type reactions on the skin in some people. Some argue that these bad reactions are the result of allergies in the test subjects. Others argue that it's simply a skin irritant that affects different people at different levels. Several studies have shown both humans and animals can experience: skin irritation rashes eczema hives In one study on a human subject, this chemical caused hives and anaphylaxis (a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction) in a patient who used topical skin products with the ingredient. Though, anaphylaxis from this chemical is very rare. In another case report, ultrasound gel that contained this chemical caused contact dermatitis in a human subject. Both of these cases are just examples of many similar incidences of this chemical causing irritation and rashes in humans. But the frequency of these symptoms is very low when compared to how often people are exposed with no notable side effects. And they're generally thought to be caused by allergies. In infants Phenoxyethanol is thought to cause central nervous system damage in exposed infants. However, there's no known significant risk to the mother, or other healthy adults without allergies. In animals The European Commission on Health and Food Safety cites multiple studies where rabbits and rats exposed to the chemical had skin irritation, even at low levels. The bottom line You should avoid this chemical if you're: allergic to Phenoxyethanol pregnant breastfeeding considering using on a child under 3-years old The risks outweigh the possible benefits in those cases. However, if you're a healthy adult with no history of skin allergy, you likely don't need to worry about exposure through cosmetics under a 1-percent concentration. You should, however, be aware of layering too many products containing Phenoxyethanol at one time, since Phenoxyethanol can accumulate. EC NUMBER: 204-589-7 Molecular Formula of Phenoxyethanol C8H10O2 C6H5OC2H4OH Chemical and Physical Properties of Phenoxyethanol Property Name Molecular Weight: 138.166 g/mol Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2 Rotatable Bond Count: 3 Complexity: 77.3 Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 A^2 Monoisotopic Mass: 138.068 g/mol Exact Mass: 138.068 g/mol XLogP3: 1.2 Compound Is Canonicalized: true Formal Charge: 0 Heavy Atom Count: 10 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0 Isotope Atom Count: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1 Experimental Properties of Phenoxyethanol Physical Description of Phenoxyethanol Ethylene glycol phenyl ether is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Density 1.02 g / cm3. An irritant. Color of Phenoxyethanol Oily liquid Odor of Phenoxyethanol Faint aromatic odor Taste of Phenoxyethanol Burning taste Boiling Point of Phenoxyethanol 473.4° F at 760 mm Hg Melting Point of Phenoxyethanol 57° F Density of Phenoxyethanol 1.104 GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS of Phenoxyethanol Glycol ethers, with the combination of ether, alcohol and hydrocarbon chain in one molecule, provide versatile solvency characteristics with both polar and non-polar properties. The chemical structure of long hydrocarbon chain resist to solubility in water, while ether or alcohol groups introduce the promoted hydrophilic solubility performance. This surfactant-like structure provides the compatibility between water and a number of organic solvents, and the ability to couple unlike phases. Glycol ethers are characterized by their wide range of hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances. glycol ethers are used as diluents and levelling agents in the manufacture of paints and baking finishes. Glycol ether series are used in the manufacture of nitrocellulose and combination lacquers. They are used as an additive in brake fluid. They are formulated for dying textiles and leathers and for insecticides and herbicides. They provides performance in cleaners products with oil-water dispersions. They are used in printing industries as they have a slow evaporation rate. They are used as a fixative for perfumes, germicides, bactericides, insect repellents and antiseptic. They are used as an additive for jet fuel to prevent ice buildup. Glymes, dimethyl ethers, have two terminal methyl groups which offer stability and high solvency. They are useful as solubilizers and phase transfer catalysts. Glymes offer the property required as an inert reaction medium chemical reaction due to their low chemical reactivity. They are suitable particularly for organometallic and polymerization reactions. Glycol ethers which contain hydroxyl group are also useful chemical intermediate. The hydroxyl group will undergo reaction with aldehydes (or ketones) to produce hemiacetals (or acetals), with epoxides to produce polyether alcohols, with halogenating agents to produce alkoxy alkyl halides, with carboxylic acid compounds or inorganic acids to produce a number of esters. Phenoxyethanol is one of the most widely used preservatives in personal care products including detergents, cosmetics, toiletries and pharmaceuticals. It provides a broad spectrum anti-microbial activity against either gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and moulds. It is soluble in many non-polar ingredients and contributes solvency activity. Its activity is effective in protein-based products also. In most countries, it is permitted to a maximum of 1% concentration. CAS Number: 122-99-6; IUPAC name: 2-Phenoxyethanol; Phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Phenoxytolarosol;Dowanol EP / EPH; Protectol PE; Emery 6705; Rose ether;1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane ;β-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; Phenyl cellosolve;Ethylene glycol phenyl ether;2-PHENOXYETHANOL; Cas No: 122-99-6; Phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-; Phenyl cellosolve; Phenoxytol; Phenoxethol; Phenoxetol; Ethylene glycol phenyl ether; Phenoxyethyl alcohol ; 2-Phenoxyethan-1-Ol; 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane; Rose ether; Phenylmonoglycol ether; Arosol; Dowanol EP; 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Glycol monophenyl ether; 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; Phenylglycol ;Fenyl-cellosolve; 2-Fenoxyethanol; Dowanol EPH; 2-Phenoxy-ethanol; Emery 6705; Emeressence 1160; Fenylcelosolv; Marlophen P; beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; 2-phenoxy ethanol;2-phenoxyethanol; Emuclens;Erisept; ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; phenoxethol; phenoxyethanol 2-Phenoxyethanol, also known as phenyl cellosolve or phenoxytol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenol ethers. These are aromatic compounds containing an ether group substituted with a benzene ring. 2-Phenoxyethanol exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and an extremely weak acidic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 2-Phenoxyethanol has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as feces and saliva. Within the cell, 2-phenoxyethanol is primarily located in the cytoplasm. 2-Phenoxyethanol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 2-Phenoxyethanol can be biosynthesized from phenol. 2-Phenoxyethanol is a potentially toxic compound. Phenoxyethanol is a germicidal and germistatic glycol ether, phenol ether, and aromatic alcohol often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds. Use: Phenoxyethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis. Phenoxyethanol is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives.In Japan and the European Union, its concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%. Production: Phenoxyethanol is produced by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides. Efficacy: Phenoxyethanol is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans Safety: Phenoxyethanol is a vaccine preservative and potential allergen, which may result in a nodular reaction at the site of injection. It reversibly inhibits NMDAR-mediated ion currents. Ingestion may cause central nervous system and respiratory depression, vomiting and diarrhea in infants, particularly when combined with chlorphenesin Phenoxyethanol, is the most commonly used globally-approved preservative in personal care formulations. It is extremely easy to use in most types of formulations and is chemically very stable. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts, and mold. The typical use level in formulations is 0,5 – 0,8%, and it is often combined with other preservatives, like Ethylhexyl glycerin, Hexylene glycol, Benzyl alcohol, Benzoic acid, Potassium sorbate, Dehydroacetic acid, Chlorphenesin or Capryl glycol. The European Economic Community (EEC). Cosmetics Derivative and the Cosmetics Regulation of the European Union approved Phenoxyethanol in concentrations up 1%. APPLICATIONS: Skin care - Make up - Hair care – Deodorant- ToiletriesCleansers- Sun care - Body care – Fragrances – Wet wipes FORMULATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Phenoxyethanol, is the most commonly used globally-approved preservative in personal care formulations. It is extremely easy to use in most types of formulations and is chemically very stable. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts, and mold. The typical use level in formulations is 0,5 – 0,8%, and it is often combined with other preservatives, like Ethylhexyl glycerin, Hexylene glycol, Benzyl alcohol, Benzoic acid, Potassium sorbate, Dehydroacetic acid, Chlorphenesin or Capryl glycol. The European Economic Community (EEC) Cosmetics Derivative and the Cosmetics Regulation of the European Union approved Phenoxyethanol in concentrations up 1%. Chemical formula: C8H10O2 Molar mass: 138.166 g·mol−1 Appearance: Colorless oily liquid Odor: faint rose-like Density: 1.102 g/cm3 Melting point: −2 °C (28 °F; 271 K) Boiling point: 247 °C (477 °F; 520 K) Solubility in water: 26 g/kg Solubility: Chloroform, Alkali, diethyl ether: soluble Solubility in peanut oil: slightly Solubility in olive oil: slightly Solubility in acetone: miscible Solubility in ethanol: miscible Solubility in glycerol: miscible Vapor pressure: 0.001 kPa (0.00015 psi) Thermal conductivity: 0.169 W/(m⋅K) Refractive index (nD): 1.534 (20 ℃) Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products and also as a stabilizer in perfumes and soaps. Exposure to phenoxyethanol has been linked to reactions ranging from eczema to severe, life-threatening allergic reactions. Infant oral exposure to phenoxyethanol can acutely affect nervous system function. FOUND IN: Moisturizer, eye shadow, foundation, sunscreen, conditioner, mascara, eye liner, shampoo, lip gloss, concealer, body wash, hand cream, blush, hair color, hair spray, lip balm, lotion, nail polish, baby wipes, baby lotions and soaps, soap (liquid and bar), shaving cream, deodorant, toothpaste, fragrance, hair removal waxes, hand sanitizer and ultrasound gel. WHAT IS PHENOXYETHANOL? Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products to limit bacterial growth. A review of 43 cosmetic products demonstrated that only 25 percent of the products had concentrations of phenoxyethanol greater than 0.6 percent and the mean concentration of phenoxyethanol was 0.46 percent.[5] Phenoxyethanol is also used as to stabilize components found in perfumes and soaps. What Is It? Phenoxyethanol is an oily, slightly sticky liquid with a faint rose-like scent. It is used as a preservative in a wide variety of both leave-on and rinse-off cosmetics and personal care products, including skin care, eye makeup, fragrances, blushers, foundations, lipstick, bath soaps, and detergents, among others. Phenoxyethanol has been reviewed by experts worldwide who have concluded it is safe as used in these products. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Phenoxyethanol has been used safely since the 1950s as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is highly effective in preventing the growth of fungi, bacteria, and yeast that could cause products to spoil, just like food. The use of preservatives enhances products’ shelf life and safety. Products that contain water are susceptible to mold, discoloration, or unpleasant odors caused by the bacteria and fungi naturally present in the environment. As cosmetics are used, they come in contact with the skin and applicators that contact the skin, thus potentially exposing the product to these harmful microorganisms. Under certain conditions, an inadequately preserved product can become contaminated, which could cause health problems such as irritation or infection. Products contaminated by microorganisms may also negatively impact how the product performs, looks, feels, and smells. Preservatives like phenoxyethanol help prevent such problems. 2-phenoxyethanol is an aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as an antiinfective agent and a central nervous system depressant. It is a hydroxyether, a primary alcohol and an aromatic ether. It derives from a phenol. Ethylene glycol phenyl ether is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Density 1.02 g / cm3. An irritant.

PHENOXYETHANOL AND PARABEN MIX; Phenoxyethanol (and) Methylparaben (and) Ethylparaben (and) Propylparaben; phenoxyethanol; PHENONIP;

PHENOXYISOPROPANOL N° CAS : 770-35-4 Origine(s) : Synthétique Nom INCI : PHENOXYISOPROPANOL Nom chimique : 1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-222-7 Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

SYNONYMS 1-Propanol, 2-phenoxy-; 2-phenoxypropan-1-ol; Propylene Glycol 2-Monophenyl Ether; 2-PHENOXYPROPANOL;2-phenoxy-1-propano;dowanolpphglycolether;2-(phenoxy)propan-1-ol;2-PHENOXYPROPANOL 96+%;1-Propanol, 2-phenoxy-;2-phenoxypropylalcohol;2-Phenoxypropyl alcohol;Dowanol pph glycol ether;1-Methyl-2-hydroxyethylphenylether CAS NO:4169-04-4

PHENYL SALICYLATE N° CAS : 118-55-8 Nom INCI : PHENYL SALICYLATE Nom chimique : Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenyl ester N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-259-2 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes Dénaturant : Rend les cosmétiques désagréables. Principalement ajouté aux cosmétiques contenant de l'alcool éthylique Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

cas no 122-99-6 Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethyl Alcohol; Arosol; 2-phenoxy-Ethanol; Dowanol EPh; Glycol monophenyl ether; Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethanol; Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Phenyl cellosolve; 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane; 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; Ethylene glycol phenyl ether; Phenoxytol; Phenylmonoglycol ether; 2-Fenoxyethanol; 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Plastiazan-41 (Russian); Fenylcelosolv; Phenoxethol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether;

SYNONYMS Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, PHE-G, PHE-S, PHE, PhG, Phenylglycol;Arosol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; Dowanol EP; dowanoleph; Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-; 2-Phenoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether,PHE-G,PHE-S; PHENOXETOL; 2-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; ROSE ETHER; phenoxy ethanol; Phenylglycol; emery6705; phenyl cellosolve; 2-phenyloxyethanol; Phenoxytol CAS NO:122-99-6

PHENYLPROPANOL N° CAS : 1335-12-2 / 122-97-4 Nom INCI : PHENYLPROPANOL Nom chimique : 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol; Phenethyl carbinol N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-621-4 / 204-587-6 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

1,4-BENZENEDIAMINE; 1,4-DIAMINOBENZENE; 1,4-PHENYLENEDIAMINE; 4-AMINOANILINE; BENZENE-1,4-DIAMINE; C.I. 76060; fur black 41866; JAROCOL PPD; PARA PHENYLENE DIAMINE; P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE; 1,4-benzendiamine; 1,4-Di-aminobenzol; 4-phenylenediamine; Aminogen II; BASF Ursol D; basfursold; BASFUrsold,DS; benzene,1,4-diamino-; Benzofur D; benzofurd CAS NO:106-50-3

Phosphorite; Phosphate rock; cas no: 65996-94-3

Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethyl Alcohol; Arosol; 2-phenoxy-Ethanol; ��-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; ��-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Dowanol EPh; Glycol monophenyl ether; Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethanol; Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Phenyl cellosolve; 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane; 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; Ethylene glycol phenyl ether; Phenoxytol; Phenylmonoglycol ether; 2-Fenoxyethanol; 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Plastiazan-41 (Russian); Fenylcelosolv; Phenoxethol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether; cas no:122-99-6

Peroxide; Hydrogen Dioxide; Albone; Inhibine; Perhydrol; Peroxan; Oxydol; Hydroperoxide; Hioxy; Dihydrogen Dioxide; Perossido Di Idrogeno; Peroxyde D'hydrogene; Wasserstoffperoxid; Aterstofperoxyde; CAS NO:7722-84-1

TRIETHOXYPHENYLSILANE; Benzeneorthosiliconic acid; triethyl ester; CP0320; phenyltriethoxy-silan CAS NO:780-69-8

Phosflex T-BEP представляет собой прозрачную жидкость от бесцветного до бледно-желтого цвета.
Phosflex T-BEP представляет собой органический эфир фосфорной кислоты.
Phosflex T-BEP имеет мягкий сладкий запах.

Номер КАС: 26952-13-6
Номер ЕС: 248-084-4



ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ


Phosflex T-BEP в основном используется в качестве пластификатора при производстве изделий из поливинилхлорида (ПВХ).
Phosflex T-BEP также используется в качестве растворителя и добавки в покрытиях, клеях и красках.

Вот некоторые более подробные области применения Phosflex T-BEP:

В качестве пластификатора Phosflex T-BEP повышает гибкость и долговечность изделий из ПВХ, таких как кабели, напольные покрытия и кровля.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в составе красок и покрытий в качестве растворителя для растворения других ингредиентов.
В красках Phosflex T-BEP может действовать как модификатор вязкости, помогая улучшить растекание и растекание краски на бумаге или других поверхностях.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве добавки к клеям для улучшения их прочности и гибкости.
В коже и текстиле Phosflex T-BEP можно использовать в качестве смягчителя и смазки.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве растворителя при производстве специальных химикатов, таких как поверхностно-активные вещества и фармацевтические препараты.
Phosflex T-BEP может использоваться в качестве пластификатора при производстве синтетического каучука и термопластичных эластомеров.

Phosflex T-BEP можно добавлять в рецептуры пенополиуретана для повышения гибкости и долговечности пены.
Фосфлекс Т-БЭП используется в качестве огнезащитного пластификатора при производстве изоляции электрических проводов и кабелей.
Phosflex T-BEP можно использовать в качестве коалесцирующего агента в составе латексных красок.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве материалов для внутренней отделки автомобилей, таких как покрытия приборной панели и дверные панели.
В полиграфии Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве растворителя и модификатора вязкости в печатных красках и лаках.

Фосфлекс Т-БЭП используется в производстве искусственной кожи и синтетических волокон.
Фосфлекс Т-БЭП может использоваться в качестве пластификатора при производстве гибких пленок и листов ПВХ.

Phosflex T-BEP можно использовать в качестве растворителя при производстве ароматизаторов и ароматизаторов.
В строительной отрасли его используют в производстве герметиков и герметиков.

Phosflex T-BEP может использоваться в качестве пластификатора при производстве пеновинила и изделий из губчатой резины.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве смазки и антиадгезива при производстве резинотехнических изделий.

Phosflex T-BEP можно использовать в качестве растворителя и добавки в рецептурах покрытий и отделки древесины.
При производстве труб из ПВХ Фосфлекс Т-БЭП может использоваться в качестве пластификатора для повышения их гибкости и долговечности.

Phosflex T-BEP широко используется в качестве антипирена в пенополиуретанах и термопластах.
Phosflex T-BEP особенно эффективен при производстве эластичных пенополиуретанов благодаря своей низкой вязкости и высокой реакционной способности.
Phosflex T-BEP также используется в производстве автомобильных деталей и компонентов благодаря своей превосходной термической стабильности и огнестойкости.

Phosflex T-BEP обычно используется в производстве электрических и электронных компонентов, таких как соединители, переключатели и реле, для улучшения их огнестойкости и электроизоляционных свойств.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве текстиля, в частности, в производстве огнестойких штор, обивочных материалов и постельных принадлежностей.

Phosflex T-BEP широко используется в качестве антипирена в покрытиях и клеях, особенно в строительстве.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве пластиковых пленок и листов для улучшения их свойств огнестойкости и термостойкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве пеноизоляции для зданий и холодильных систем благодаря своей превосходной термической стабильности и огнестойкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве антипирена в различных отраслях промышленности, таких как покрытия проводов и кабелей, электроизоляционные материалы и интерьеры автомобилей.
Phosflex T-BEP часто используется в качестве антипирена в формованных изделиях, таких как мебель и другие предметы домашнего обихода, для повышения их огнестойкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве антипирена при производстве изделий из пенополистирола, таких как упаковочные материалы и изоляционные панели.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве высокотемпературных пластиков и смол, таких как полифениленоксид, для улучшения их свойств огнестойкости и термической стабильности.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве кровельных материалов, таких как гонты и черепица, для повышения их огнестойкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве ламинатов и композитов для улучшения их свойств огнестойкости и термостойкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве автомобильных деталей и компонентов, таких как покрытия приборной панели и дверные панели, для улучшения их свойств огнестойкости и термической стабильности.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве печатных плат для улучшения их огнестойкости и электроизоляционных свойств.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве медицинских изделий и оборудования для улучшения их свойств огнестойкости и биосовместимости.
Фосфлекс Т-БЭП применяется в производстве изоляционных материалов для труб и воздуховодов для повышения их термостойкости и огнеупорных свойств.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве синтетической кожи и текстиля для повышения их огнестойкости и долговечности.

Фосфлекс Т-БЭП используется в производстве резинотехнических изделий, таких как конвейерные ленты и шланги, для повышения их огнестойкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве упаковочных материалов, таких как пластиковые бутылки и контейнеры, для улучшения их свойств огнестойкости и термостойкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве напольных материалов, таких как виниловая плитка и ковры, для повышения их огнестойкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве набивки из вспененного материала и подушек для улучшения их свойств огнестойкости и долговечности.
Химикат используется в производстве композиционных материалов для аэрокосмической и военной промышленности для улучшения их огнестойкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве огнезащитного пластификатора в изделиях из ПВХ.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве гибких пеноматериалов для мебельной и автомобильной промышленности.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве технологической добавки для изделий из ПВХ, повышая их долговечность и стабильность.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве изоляции проводов и кабелей для обеспечения огнестойкости и гибкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве пластификатора в строительных материалах, таких как кровельные мембраны и напольные покрытия.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве медицинских изделий и трубок, требующих огнестойкости и гибкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве антипирена в продуктах из пенополиуретана.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве клеев и герметиков для повышения их огнестойкости и гибкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве автомобильных деталей, таких как приборные панели и дверные панели.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве упаковочных материалов, таких как термоусадочная пленка и стрейч-пленка.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве огнезащитного пластификатора в изделиях из синтетической кожи.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве прокладок, уплотнительных колец и других резиновых изделий, требующих огнестойкости и гибкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве технологической добавки для изделий из полистирола, повышая их прочность и гибкость.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве пленок и листов для сельскохозяйственной промышленности, обеспечивая огнестойкость и гибкость.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве антипирена в полиэфирных смолах для производства композитов.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве текстильных покрытий и отделок, требующих огнестойкости и гибкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве пластификатора в рецептурах красок и покрытий для повышения их огнестойкости и гибкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве синтетических волокон и пряжи, требующих огнестойкости и гибкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве антипирена в термопластичных эластомерах для автомобильной и кабельно-проводниковой промышленности.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве резиновых шлангов и трубок, требующих огнестойкости и гибкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве технологической добавки для изделий из полиэтилена, повышая их гибкость и ударопрочность.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве искусственного газона и других изделий для наружного применения, требующих огнестойкости и гибкости.

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве антипирена в изоляционных материалах из жесткого пенополиуретана.
Фосфлекс Т-БЭП используется в производстве игрушек и детских товаров, требующих огнестойкости и гибкости.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве пластификатора в покрытиях и красках для строительной отрасли, обеспечивая огнестойкость и гибкость.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Phosflex T-BEP — это химическое соединение, также известное как бис(2-этилгексаноат) триэтиленгликоля.
Phosflex T-BEP представляет собой сложный эфир 2-этилгексановой кислоты и триэтиленгликоля.

Phosflex T-BEP представляет собой прозрачную жидкость от бесцветного до бледно-желтого цвета.
Phosflex T-BEP представляет собой органический эфир фосфорной кислоты.

Phosflex T-BEP имеет мягкий сладкий запах.
Phosflex T-BEP растворяется в воде и смешивается с большинством органических растворителей.

Химическая формула Phosflex T-BEP: C10H16O4P.
Phosflex T-BEP представляет собой высококипящую жидкость с температурой кипения 286°C (547°F).

Phosflex T-BEP используется в качестве антипирена и пластификатора в различных областях применения.
Phosflex T-BEP имеет плотность 1,16 г/см³ при 20°C.
Phosflex T-BEP также известен как трис(2-бутоксиэтил)фосфат.

Phosflex T-BEP не вызывает коррозии металлов и не оставляет пятен на тканях.
Phosflex T-BEP имеет температуру воспламенения 164°C (327°F) и вязкость 52 сП при 20°C.

Phosflex T-BEP в основном используется в производстве гибкого пенополиуретана, ПВХ и других полимеров.
Phosflex T-BEP совместим с другими пластификаторами и антипиренами.

Phosflex T-BEP является хорошей альтернативой эфирам триарилфосфата (TCEP и TCP) и галогенированным антипиренам.
Phosflex T-BEP стабилен при нормальных условиях использования и хранения.

Фосфлекс Т-БЭП представляет собой малотоксичный и трудновоспламеняющийся состав.
Phosflex T-BEP является зарегистрированной торговой маркой ICL Industrial Products.

Чистота Phosflex T-BEP обычно превышает 99%.
Phosflex T-BEP имеет молекулярную массу 238,2 г/моль.
Phosflex T-BEP используется в производстве материалов для внутренней отделки автомобилей, изоляции и покрытий проводов и кабелей.

Phosflex T-BEP можно использовать в качестве технологической добавки для термопластов, особенно для ПВХ и пенополиуретана.
Phosflex T-BEP обладает хорошей термической стабильностью и низкой летучестью.

Phosflex T-BEP классифицируется как раздражитель глаз категории 3 и раздражитель кожи категории 4.
Рекомендуемая температура хранения Phosflex T-BEP составляет от 5°C до 30°C (от 41°F до 86°F).
Phosflex T-BEP считается неопасным веществом в соответствии с Согласованной на глобальном уровне системой (GHS) классификации и маркировки химических веществ.



ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ


Химическая формула: C21H30O4P
Молекулярная масса: 382,44 г/моль
Внешний вид: прозрачная бледно-желтая жидкость
Плотность: 1,07 г/мл при 25 °C
Температура кипения: 323 ° C (613 ° F, 596 K)
Температура вспышки: 165 ° C (329 ° F, 438 K)
Растворимость в воде: Нерастворимый
Растворимость в органических растворителях: Растворим в большинстве органических растворителей.
Давление паров: 1 мм рт.ст. при 130 °C
Показатель преломления: 1,489–1,493 при 20 °C
Вязкость: 13,4 мПа·с при 25 °C
рН: 5,5 - 6,5
Температура самовоспламенения: 350 ° C (662 ° F, 623 K)
Теплота сгорания: -3485 кДж/моль
Теплота парообразования: 58,4 кДж/моль
Теплота образования: -694,6 кДж/моль
Коэффициент распределения октанол/вода (log Kow): 4,07
Кислотность (рКа): 7,31
Основность (пКб): 6,68
Плотность пара: 13,17 (воздух = 1)
Пределы взрываемости: 0,8–6,3%
Окислительные свойства: Не окисляет
Коррозионная активность: не вызывает коррозии
Стабильность: стабилен при нормальных условиях
Опасная полимеризация не произойдет



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


Снимите загрязненную одежду и промойте пораженный участок большим количеством воды с мылом.

Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если химическое вещество попало в глаза или если оно было проглочено или вдохнуто.
В случае вдыхания переместите пострадавшего в хорошо проветриваемое помещение и при необходимости помогите ему дышать.

Если химическое вещество проглочено, не вызывайте рвоту, если это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Если химическое вещество попало на кожу, промойте пораженный участок большим количеством воды с мылом в течение не менее 15 минут.
Если химическое вещество попало в глаза, промойте пораженный глаз водой в течение не менее 15 минут, держа веки открытыми.


Позвоните в токсикологический центр или в местные службы экстренной помощи для получения дальнейших инструкций.
Важно всегда следовать конкретным мерам первой помощи, указанным в паспорте безопасности или на этикетке продукта для каждого химического вещества, поскольку они могут варьироваться в зависимости от вещества и степени воздействия.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Умение обращаться:

Всегда надевайте соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ) при работе с Phosflex T-BEP.
Избегайте контакта с глазами, кожей и одеждой.
Избегайте вдыхания паров или пыли Phosflex T-BEP.
Использовать только в хорошо проветриваемых помещениях.

Хранить вдали от источников тепла, искр, пламени и других источников воспламенения.
Используйте надлежащие процедуры заземления при переносе Phosflex T-BEP.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите при работе с Phosflex T-BEP.


Хранилище:

Храните Phosflex T-BEP в прохладном, сухом и хорошо проветриваемом месте.
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми и в вертикальном положении.
Хранить вдали от источников тепла, искр, пламени и других источников воспламенения.
Хранить вдали от окислителей и сильных кислот.

Хранить отдельно от пищевых продуктов, напитков и кормов для животных.
Хранить в недоступном для детей и животных месте.
Соблюдайте все местные, государственные и федеральные правила в отношении хранения опасных материалов.



СИ��ОНИМЫ


Бис(2-этоксиэтил)п-толуолсульфонамидфосфат
Трис(2-бутоксиэтил)фосфат
Триэтиленгликоль бис (2-этилгексаноат) фосфат
Трис (2-этилгексил) 2,3,4,5-тетрабромбензолсульфонат фосфат
ТЭП
Три(2-этилгексил)фосфат
Триэтилфосфат
Триэфир этилфосфата
Этилортофосфат
Триэтиловый эфир фосфорной кислоты
ТВП
Трифосфат
Триэтиловый эфир фосфоновой кислоты
Триэтиловый эфир фосфорной кислоты
Этиловый триэфир фосфорной кислоты
Трифлекс ТЭП
Трис(бутоксиэтил)фосфат
Трис (2-этоксиэтил) фосфат
Фосфорная кислота, три-(2-бутоксиэтиловый) эфир
Три-2-этилгексилфосфат
О,О-бис(2-бутоксиэтил)фосфат
O,O-бис(2-этилгексил)фосфат
Бис(2-этилгексил)гидрофосфат
Трис(2-этилгексил)фосфат
Три-н-октилфосфат
Бис(2-этоксифенил)фенилфосфиноксид
Трис(2-этоксифенил)фосфиноксид
Фосфлекс 31L
ДЕФОС 810P
Хостафат ОЭП
Этил-2-фенилфенилфосфинат
Фосфлекс ПДП
Оксид три(2-этоксифенил)фосфина
Хлорид тетракис(2-этоксифенил)фосфония
Бис(2-этоксифенил)фенилфосфинат
Фосфлекс ТЭС
Трис(2-этоксифенил)фосфин
Этилдифенилфосфинат
Хостафат ОЭП-ЛФ
Фосфлекс ПТБЭП
Трис(2-этоксифенил)фосфит
Этилфенилфосфинилбис(2-этоксибензол)
Хостафат KL 340 D
Этоксифенилпроизводное трифенилфосфиноксида
Фосфлекс 71Б
Фосфлекс ТПП-ЛФ
Трис(2-этоксифенил)фосфония хлорид
Фосфлекс 41П
Три(2-этоксифенил)фосфит
Этилдифенилфосфонат.

The reactions of fatty alcohols or alkylphenols and their ethoxylates with phosphoric acid equivalents lead to alkyl and arylphosphates and the corresponding etherphosphates.
These substances, normally coexisting as mixtures of mono- and diesters, usually have surface active properties and therefore are anionic surfactants. After their manufacture they are strongly acidic substances, which can be neutralized by many types of bases. The thereby accessible products have good to excellent anticorrosion properties. Personal care formulators use phosphates because of their mildness and skin compatibility.

Phosphate esters are 100% active anionic surfactants which are produced as the free acid by either of two chemical routes.
Monoesters are produced by the reaction of either alcohols,alcohol ethoxylates or phenyl ethoxylates with polyphosphoric acid, whereas mixtures of mono and diesters are produced by reaction of the same feedstock with phosphorous pentoxide.

Phosphate esters are highly versatile surfactants offering a wide range of properties and applications.
The main advantages of phosphate esters over many other surfactants are their alkali stability and solubility.
They are excellent hydrotropes and are effective coupling agents which give outstanding wetting, emulsification and detergency.
As such they are used widely in emulsion polymerisation, textile auxiliaries, maintenance chemicals, metal finishing, and many other applications.

Phosphate esters have a unique range of properties which are exploited in the production of specialised chemical processing aids for industry.
Being stable in high concentrations of alkali they are especially useful in household and maintenance cleaning products, where high active heavy duty products are required.

Phosphate esters are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion inhibitors and hydro tropes in cleaning formulations.

Several linear alcohol and linear alcohol ethoxylates were phosphated using P2O5 and the analytical results for monoester, diester and free phosphoric acid content were determined as were wetting speed and alkali tolerance.
Generally, the concentration of monoester and free Phosphoric acid increased and the diester concentration decreased as the amount of ethylene oxide in the hydrophobe increased

Phosphate estes are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion inhibitors and hydro tropes in cleaning formulations. 

Butanol Phosphate (mono/Di-ester)
2-Ethylhexyl Phosphate (mono/Di-ester)
Lauryl alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Tridecyl alcohol phosphate
Tridecyl alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Cetyl Alcohol Phosphate
Oleyl alcohol Phosphate
Nonyl Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Styrenated Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Phenol (ethoxylated) phosphate
Other phosphates of fatty alcohols and ethoxylates

Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Octylphenol Ethoxylates Phosphate Esters, Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Decyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters and Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters having applications in various industries like Textile, Oil & gas, Pharmaceuticals, automotive, personal care, paint, agrochemical and other industries.

Phosphating Reagent
Polyphosphoric acid and phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) are generally the two different phosphating agents used commercially.
The selection of the phosphating reagent has an effect on the ratio of the components and on the functional properties of the finished product.
Phosphorous pentoxide and a variety of linear alcohols and ethoxylates of linear fatty alcohols were chosen to determine the effect of alkyl group and amount of ethylene oxide on the resulting mono/di ratio and the amount of free phosphoric acid, as well as the effect on functional properties such as wetting and alkali tolerance. 

We offer mono phosphate esters, di-esters and mixed esters.
All our phosphates are based on P2O5.
These proprietary, specialty surfactants can be used in both alkyd and water-based paints, colorant systemt and as stabilizers in emulsion polymerization of latex resins

alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester
ETHOXYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER
ETHOXYLATED ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER
ETHOXYLATED LAURYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER

Agrilan 1028
C10 rich polyether phosphate
Isodecyl polyether phosphate
2-propyl heptyl polyether phosphate
C9-C11 polyether phosphate
Decyl polyether phosphate
C10 polyether phosphate
C10 polyether phosphate 

Phosphate-esters are well known multifunctional additives for metalworking fluids. They are emulsifiers for expandable oils, as well as anti-wear additives, corrosion and staining inhibitors

Phosphate esters are used in many textile applications because of the various surfactant properties they possess.
Of the desirable surface active properties, alkali stability and wetting properties are key.
This work relates the structure of a phosphate ester to these two properties.

Chemistry
Phosphate esters are part of a class of anionic surface active agents. The commercial products are complex mixtures of monoester, diester

Some of the useful properties of our PHOSPHATE ESTERS are:
■ Anionic character. Anionic surfactants are the preferred choice for use in textile auxiliaries.
■ 100% active. Economic for shipment, easily incorporated into powder blended products.
■ In some cases their emulsifying properties make them ideal for use in oil/water systems.
■ Phosphate esters can be neutralised by alkaline earth metals or amines, adding to their versatility.
■ Foaming properties of phosphate esters varies, from high to low.
■ The variety of wetting, foaming and surface tension reduction properties helps the formulator to develop the required product.
■ Very good hydrotroping properties which enable high active products to be produced without the use of additional auxiliary hydrotropes.
■ Stability in alkali and builders enabling heavy duty cleaners to be formulated.
■ Lubricating properties that enable phosphate esters to be used in metal working fluids and water based lubricants.
■ Excellent free rinsing properties leading to smear free surfaces.
■ Corrosion inhibition and prevention as well as load carrying properties make phosphate esters ideal for use in metalworking.
■ In general low orders of toxicity and relatively low orders of irritation for the potassium salts.
■ Some phosphate esters exhibit solvent solubility

Hard Surface Cleaners
Due to their alkali tolerance, phosphate esters have specific uses in heavy duty alkaline cleaners.
As well as having excellent detergent properties, phosphate esters also possess hydrotroping properties which assist in the formulation of high active alkaline cleaners, oven cleaners and floor cleaners/strippers.

Laundry Detergents
Phosphate esters can be used in spray dried, powder blended and liquid laundry detergents as low foaming detergent/hydrotropes.
High active detergents with outstanding cleaning properties can be prepared by combining with salt free amphoteric surfactants.
In liquid products, extra alkali is required to neutralise phosphate esters.

Textiles and Leather
Phosphate esters are the preferred surfactant type for textile and leather processing because of their anionic, wetting, low foaming, alkali tolerance and building/hydrotropic properties.
Phosphate esters are widely used as wetting agents with low foaming properties.
The amine salts of phosphate esters are used as emulsifiers in solvent scouring systems.
Phosphate esters is used as a levelling agent in the direct dying of cotton.
Phosphate esters is used in jet dying machines to pre-scour and remove lubricant from knitted polyester.
Phosphate esters is used as a component in leather processing chemicals.

Traffic Film Removal
Small quantities of Phosphate esters combined with Ataman amphoterics improve free rinsing properties of traffic film remover.
This is particularly important in hard water areas.

Dish and Glass Rinsing
Phosphate esters are widely used in combination with EO/PO copolymers in the manufacture of rinse aids for automated dish and glass washing systems.
The pH of the rinse aid is made sufficiently acidic with citric or phosphoric acid to neutralise any residual alkali from the cleaning cycle.
As many biodegradable EO/PO copolymers have low cloud points and poor solubility, a low foaming hydrotroping phosphate ester such as PPE604K can be used to raise the cloud point to 50°C.

Agrochemical Additives
Many agricultural adjuncts such as herbicides are required in water solution for application to foliage.
Phosphate esters are ideal for emulsification/solubilisation of additives into water together with good wetting to ensure optimum spreading onto a leaf’s surface.

Paper De-inking
Phosphate esters are widely used in the de-inking of paper.
As the paper being treated varies, the broad range of foaming properties of Ataman phosphate esters, together with their excellent wetting and emulsification properties, make them ideally suited for this application.

Oilfield Chemicals
Phosphate esters possess outstanding load carrying and corrosion inhibition properties which makes them ideal for oil drilling and transport applications.
Phosphate esters are often used as amine/amido-amine salts to enhance their corrosion inhibition properties. 

Cutting and Grinding Fluids
The amine salts of phosphate esters have been found to have excellent anti-wear properties due to their lubricity and anti-corrosive properties.
These twin properties mean low foaming phosphate esters can be used in water-based cutting and grinding fluids. 

Acid Cleaning
Compared to neutral detergents acid based cleansers have greatly enhanced dirt removing properties.
Phosphoric acid is the preferred acid for metal cleaning as it is less reactive than other mineral acids. 

Additional

Phosphate ester based acid cleansers are particularly useful for aluminium, stainless steel, and are ideal for cleaning trains and trams where the removal of iron oxide, combined with oil, grease and diesel smut is beyond the capability of neutral cleaners.
Light duty cleaners,which can be perfumed, are used to clean kitchens, bathrooms and toilets containing metal fittings and ceramics, where lime scale produces unsightly scale. 

Emulsion Polymerisation
A wide range of ethoxylates can be phosphated giving the formulator greater flexibility to produce polymers with the desired characteristics.
Further, by varying the mono to di-ester ratio the HLB value can be tuned to give optimum performance.

Miscellaneous
Due to the outstanding properties of phosphate esters, they are used in numerous specialised applications.
These include fountain solutions used in lithographic printing, fuel oil/explosive emulsions used in quarrying and open cast mining.
Other specialised applications are in dry cleaning“soaps”, spin finishes (as an antistatic agent) and processing aids for improving the flow properties of powders.

For Emulsion Polymerization and Waterborne Architectural Coatings

In emulsion polymerization, KOD 238 is an effective emulsifier that provides efficient particle size control, low coagulum and improved handling and storage stability.

KOD 238 is effective in the production of all common latex types including, vinyl, vinyl acrylic, vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE), acrylic and styrene acrylic.
KOD 238 surfactant can also improve gloss and enhance pigment dispersion and color acceptance in waterborne latex paints. 

KOD 238 does not contain any alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEOs).

Product Benefits
• Low coagulum in finished latex
● Increases gloss in paint
• Improves stability of finished latex
● excellent wetting and dispersion of pigments
• Low water sensitivity
● Improved substrate wetting
• Enhances color properties
● Inhibition of flash & nail head rusting
• Reduced color float 

Recommended Use Levels
• In emulsion polymerization, Dextrol™ OC-4025 surfactant is typically used at 5-10% by weight on total monomers.
• In flat, semi gloss, and gloss paints, 6-12 pounds of KOD 238 surfactant per 100 gallons of finished paint are recommended.

Chemical Inventories
All components of KOD 238 surfactant are listed on the TSCA chemical inventory (USA).
APEO Content
KOD 238 surfactant does not contain any alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEOs)

Effect of Ethoxylation on Alkali Tolerance
The greater the degree of ethoxylation,
the more alkali tolerance was obtained. Few materials exhibited good alkali tolerance with less than six moles of ethylene oxide.
It also appeared that as one attempts to increase the wetting speed, alkali tolerance decreased.
Decyl alcohol phosphate containing six moles of ethylene oxide appeared to be a good compromise for both properties.

KOD 238 is an ethoxylated phosphate ester used in a variety of agricultural applications.

KOD 238 is an optimized phosphate ester for use as dispersant and compatibilizer in high electrolyte systems.

KOD 238 dispersant is an optimized phosphate ester for high electrolyte systems. 

KOD 238 facilitates the compatibility of pesticides in fertilizer solutions and in multi-active tank mixes.

KOD 238 allows the dilution of pesticide SCs into fertilizers and aids the mixing of multiple actives in tank mix formulations preventing flocculation and sedimentation.

KOD 238 has an optimized structure, which allows formulators to meet the window of good compatibility.
Similar phosphate esters were formulated with bifenthrin and evaluated for compatibility with 10-34-0 fertilizer.

Imidacloprid SC
Imidacloprid 21.4%
KOD 238 8%
Propylene glycol 5%
Kaolin clay 5%
Defoamer 0.3%
Xanthan gum 0.2%
Water up to 100%

Bifenthrin SC
Bifenthrin (94.6%) 17.5%
KOD 238 8%
Propylene glycol 5%
Defoamer 0.3%
Xanthan gum 0.05%
Water up to 100%

Bifenthrin Fertilizer SC
Bifenthrin (94.6%) 33%
KOD 238 2.5%
10-34-0 fertilizer 55%
Water 9.5%

EC / List no.: 615-892-2
CAS no.: 73038-25-2

Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(1) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(2) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(3) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(5) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(6) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(7) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(8) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(9) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(10) Phosphate Ester

CAS Number: 73038-25-2
2-(11-methyldodecoxy)ethanol;phosphoric acid
Alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester
Isotridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
isotridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-isotridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-isotridecyl-w-hydroxy-, phosphate, ethoxylated (73038-25-2)
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isotridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isotridecyl-omega-hydroxy-,phosphates

Other names
POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-ISOTRIDECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-, PHOSPHATE

The following recipes guide provides you with stable formulations that can be diluted into fertilizes such as NPK 10-34-0, 30% AMS or Thiosulphate fertilizer.
Above recipes are meant for guideline purpose only. It might be necessary to add additional propylene glycol, biocides, defoamers etc

OUR PORTFOLIO
Butanol Phosphate (Mono/Di-ester)
Nonyl Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
2-Ethylhexyl Phosphate (Mono/Di-ester)
Styrenated Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
2-Ethylhexyl Ethoxylated Phosphate (Mono/Diester)
Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Lauryl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Allyl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Tridecyl Alcohol Phosphate
Hydroxyethyl Methycrylate Phosphate
Tridecyl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Methacrylic Acid (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Cetyl Alcohol Phosphate
Methacrylic Acid (propoxylated) Phosphate)
Oleyl Alcohol Phosphate
Phosphate esters of other fatty alcohols or alkoxylates

PRODUCTS ATAMAN CHEMICALS OFFER : 

Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (2 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (5 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(1) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(2) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(3) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(5) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(6) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(7) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(8) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(9) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(10) Phosphate Ester

Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (2 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (5 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Laureth-2 Phosphate
Laureth-3 Phosphate
Laureth-4 Phosphate
Laureth-5 Phosphate
Laureth-6 Phosphate
Laureth-7 Phosphate
Laureth-8 Phosphate
Laureth-9 Phosphate
Laureth-10 Phosphate

Trideceth-2 Phosphate
Trideceth-3 Phosphate
Trideceth-4 Phosphate
Trideceth-5 Phosphate
Trideceth-6 Phosphate
Trideceth-7 Phosphate
Trideceth-8 Phosphate
Trideceth-9 Phosphate
Trideceth-10 Phosphate

Isotrideceth-2 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-3 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-4 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-5 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-6 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-7 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-8 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-9 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-10 Phosphate

Phosphate estes are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion

APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATE ESTERS
Pigment dispersing agent for paint colouring.
Detergent, foamer, emulsifier for detergent concentrates and cleaners.
Fabric Care, Home Care.
Water soluble emulsifier used in industrial cleaners and dry cleaning.
Anti-wear and extreme pressure additive for water based metal working fluids.
Multifunctional additive for oil and water based lubricants providing emulsification.
Anti-wear, extreme pressure and corrosion inhibition.

NONYL PHENOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
STYRENATED PHENOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
OCTYL PHENOL ETHOXYLATES PHOSPHATE ESTERS
TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
DECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
LAURYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS

Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated phosphate ester. It is an effective emulsifier in emulsion polymerization and provides the finished latex with low coagulum and improved handling and storage stability.

Phosphate ester based on tridecyl alcohol: This anionic surfactant functions as an emulsifier, wetting agent, corrosion inhibitor and antistatic to a wide range of industrial applications.

Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphate
39464-66-9
Laureth-4 phosphate
2-dodecoxyethanol;phosphoric acid
Briphos L 2D
Phosten HLP 1
Laureth-7 phosphate
Laureth-8 phosphate
Ethfac 142W
Tryfac 325A
Tryfac 525A
Fosterge A 2523
Agent RD-510
Gafac RD 510
Steinaphat EAK 8190
PEG-4 Lauryl ether phosphate
PEG-7 Lauryl ether phosphate
PEG-8 Lauryl ether phosphate
Polyethylene glycol (7) lauryl ether phosphate
PE 122
Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
Polyoxyethylene (4) laury ether phosphate
Polyoxyethylene (7) lauryl ether phosphate
Polyoxyethylene (8) lauryl ether phosphate
Lauryl alcohol, phosphated, polyglycol ether
UNII-0GI2K4BEJW
0GI2K4BEJW
Polyethylene glycol 200 lauryl ether phosphate
Polyethylene glycol 400 lauryl ether phosphate
UNII-0N8G76HI1O
UNII-3VRF108Z7J
UNII-A00GK0A6H7
Phosphoric acid, ester with lauryl polyglycol ether
UNII-Q5M30735TS
0N8G76HI1O
3VRF108Z7J
A00GK0A6H7
SCHEMBL3650059
UNII-29FEQ28419
DTXSID60928019
alpha-Dodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) phosphate
Q5M30735TS
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-dodecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate
29FEQ28419
Phosphoric acid, mixed ester with laurylpolyglycol ether and polyethylene glycol
Phosphoric acid--2-(dodecyloxy)ethan-1-ol (1/1)
Laureth-4 Phosphate, Lauryl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate

OTHER PRODUCTS YOU MIGHT BE INTERESTED IN:

Alcohol Alkoyxylate
Alcohol Ether Sulfate
Alcohol Ethoxylate
Alcohol Phosphate
Alkoxylated Isopropanolamide
Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid, Linear
Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chlorides
Alkyl Ether Phosphate
Alkyl Phenol Ether Sulphate
Amine Neutralized Phosphate Ester
Amino Tri (Methylene Phosphonic acid) 50%
Amino Tri-Methylene Phosphonic Acid (ATMP)
Ammonium Alkyl Ether Sulfate
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
Ammonium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Ammonium Xylene Sulfonate
Anionic Blend
Benzalkonium Chloride
Blended Betaine
Blended Cationic
Butyl Based Block Copolymer
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Branched
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Linear
Canola

Canola Oil, Methyl Ester

Capramidopropyl Betaine

Capric Triglyceride

Caprylic Triglyceride

Castor Oil Ethoxylate
Catalyst Blend
Cetamine Oxide
Citric Acid
Cocamide DEA
Cocamide MEA
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine
Cocamine Ethoxylate
Cocamine Oxide
Coco Methyl Ester
Cocoamidopropylamine Oxide
Decaglycerol Caprylate
Decaglycerol Hexaoleate
Decyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Decylamine Oxide
Dialkyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate
Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate
Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate
Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid, Branched
Dyes & Color
Erythritol Distearate
Ethoxylated Polyaryl Phenol Sulfate, Ammonium Salt
Fatty Acid Ethoxylated
Fatty Diethanolamide, Modified
Glycerol Monocaprylate
Glycerol Monooleate
Glycerol Monostearate
Glyceryl Caprylate
HEDP (1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic Acid)
Hexahydro 1,3,5-Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl)-S-Triazine
Hydrogenated Palm Stearin
Hydrogenated Tallow
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Isopropanolamine Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, Branched
Isopropylamine Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Isopropylamine Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
Lauramide DEA
Lauramide MEA
Lauramidopropylamine Oxide
Lauramine Oxide
Lauric Acid Methyl Ester
Lauryl / Myristylamidopropyl Dimethylamine Oxide
Lauryl Alcohol Alkoxylate
Lauryl Lactyl Lactate
Laurylamidopropyl Betaine
Lignosulfonate Blend
Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate
Lithium Decyl Sulfate
Low Acid Alcohol Phosphate
Low Acid Complex Alcohol Phosphate
MEA Lauryl Sulfate
Methyl Caprylate
Methyl Laurate
Methyl Linoleate
Methyl Myristate Blend
Methyl Oleate
Methyl Palmitate
Methyl Soyate
Myristalkonium Chloride (AND) Quaternium 14
Myristamine Oxide
Myristylamine Oxide
N,N-Dimethyloctamide (N,N Dimethylcaprylamide) AND N,N-Dimethylcanamide (N,N-Dimethylcapramide)
Nonionic Surfactant Blend
Nonionic Blend
Nonyl Phenol EO/PO Copolymer
Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate
Octyl Decyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chlorides
Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate
Olealkonium Chloride
Oleamide DEA
PEG 80 Sorbitan Laurate
PEG-6 Cocamide
Pentaerythrityl Tetracaprylate
Quaternary Blend
Sodium 2-Ethyl Hexyl Sulfate
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate
Sodium Alkyl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Alkyl Sulfate
Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate
Sodium Caprylyl Sulfonate
Sodium Cocoamphoacetate
Sodium Coco-Sulfate
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Sodium Decyl Sulfate
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Sodium Laurimidodipropionate
Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate
Sodium Metabisulfite
Sodium Metabisulphite
Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaurate
Sodium Naphtalene Sulphonate
Sodium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Sodium Octane Sulfonate
Sodium Octyl Sulfate
Sodium Octylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Sodium Potassium Sulfonate
Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate
Sodium Sulphite
Sodium Thiosulphate
Sodium Toluene Sulfonate
Sodium Trideceth Sulfate
Sodium Tridecyl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Xylene Sulfonate
Sorbitol Monooleate Ethoxylate
Sorbitol Trioleate Ethoxylate
Soy-Amidoamine Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Soybean Methyl Ester
Soybean Oil, Methyl Ester
Stearalkonium Chloride
Stearamidopropalkonium Chloride
Stearamine Oxide
Steric Trimethyl Quarternary
Tallow Amine Ethoxylate
Tallow Amine Ethoxylate Salts
TEA Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
TEA Lauryl Sulfate
Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester
Triethanolamine Phosphate Ester
Triethylene Glycol Di Caprylic
Triglycerol Esters of Mixed Fatty Acids
Triglycerol Monooleate
Trimethylolpropane Tricaprylate
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Potassium Salt
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester TEA Salt
Tristyrylphenol Polyalkylene Oxide Block Copolymer

OTHER PRODUCTS OF ATAMAN CHEMICALS :

12 Hydroxy stearic acid
2 Ethyl hexanoic acid
2 Ethyl hexanol
2 Ethyl hexanol phosphate ester
2 ethylhexyl acrylate monomer
2 Ethyl hexyl sulfate/EHS
2 Octyl Dodecanol
ABS Acid
ABSNa
Ac 629 / Poliethylene wax
Acetic Acid %100
Acetic Acid %80
Acetone
Acid Buffer
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acticid SPX
Active Carbon
Acumer 1100
Acumer 2000
Acumer 3100
Acumer 5000
Adipic Acid
Aerosil 200
Agrogen
CT Agrogen 10
Agrogen 42
Agrogen 59
Agrogen 85
Agrogen 885
Agrogen ABS 65 C4
Agrogen BL 1050
Agrogen BL 1254
Agrogen BL 1256
Agrogen BL 1281
Agrogen BL 1594
Agrogen BL 1787
Agrogen BN
Agrogen BP 2454
Agrogen CFX 3
Agrogen CSO 20
Agrogen CSO 35
Agrogen DAS 545
Agrogen ESO 81
Agrogen G3
Agrogen K 3
Agrogen LP 15
Agrogen LP 68
Agrogen ME 310
Agrogen ME 320 D
Agrogen ME 330
Agrogen NL 8
Agrogen NP 10
Agrogen NP 10 P
Agrogen NP 15
Agrogen NP 4030 T
Agrogen NSC
Agrogen PG 8107
Agrogen SBB
Agrogen SLS 12 P98
Agrogen SMO 20
Agrogen STS
Agrogen TSP 15
Air Absorber
Air Drier Thinner
Alcamuls OR/36
Alcamuls RC
Alcamuls T/20
Alcamuls VO/ 2003
ALDEHYDE C-10
ALDEHYDE C-11 UNDECYLENIC
ALDEHYDE C-12 LAURIC
ALDEHYDE C-14 (GAMMA UNDECALACTONE)
ALDEHYDE C-18 (GAMMA NONALACTONE)
ALDEHYDE C-8
ALDEHYDE CINNAMIQUE
Alem 07
Alem 140
Alem Hd
Alfa Olefin Sulfonate Powder/Liquid
Alkane Sulfonate %60
Allantoin
Allura Red
ALLYL AMYL GLYCOLATE
Aloxicoll Pf 40
ALPHA PINENE ALS
Aluminum Chloro Hydrate
Aluminum Di Stearate
Aluminum Hydroxide
Aluminum Mono Stearate
Aluminum Oxide
Aluminum Stearate
Aluminum Sulfate
Aluminum Tristearate
Amebact C
Amido Amine
Amino Ethyl Ethanole Amine / AEEA
Amino Functional Silicons
Amino Polyether Silicon
Ammonia
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium Bi Carbonate
Ammonium Bi Chromate
Ammonium Bi Fluoride
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate %30
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate / Ales 70%
Ammonium Lignon Sulphonate
Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Persulfate
Ammonium Stearate
Ammonium Sulfate
Amphoteric Pailette Fabric Softener
AMYL SALICYLATE
Amylase
ANISALDEHYDE
Anionic Nylon Fixative %40
Anionic Polyelectrolyte
Antifoam 10
Antifoam AR 30
Antifoam AR 30
Antifoam BO Antifoam EF
Antifoam FDP
Antifoam Oil Base
Antifoam Powder
Antifoam Powder
Antifoam Slicone Base
Antifoam WW
Antimuan Trioxide
Antimussol 4459
Antiperoxide Enzyme Concentrated
Antiscalants
APG/Alkyl Poli Glycoside
Apretan
Aquazym Ultra 1200 N / Alpha Amylase
Armohib 18
Armohib 28
Arsenic
Ascorbic Acid
Asesulpham K
Aspartam
ATMP
Avicel PH 101
Avicel PH 102
BACDANOL
Bactericide
Barium Carbonate
Barium Chloride
Barium Sulfate
Baryte
BC 330/60
BC 330LV
BC Antifoam 99/040
BC Antifoam AP
BC Antifoam AR20
BC Antifoam AR30
BC Antifoam C100
BC Antifoam E6
BC Antifoam ED5
BC P500
BC Silicone Fluids
Bead Costic
Bead Glue
BENZALDEHYDE
Benzaldehyde
Benzalkonium Chlorite %50 – % 80
Benzisothiazoline – 3 – One
Benzisothiazoline / Bit
Benzoic Acid
Benzotriazol
BENZY

DISODIUM PHOSPHATE. N° CAS : 7558-79-4 / 7782-85-6 - Phosphate disodique. Nom INCI : DISODIUM PHOSPHATE. Nom chimique : Disodium hydrogenorthophosphate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-448-7 / -. Le Phosphate disodique est un ingrédient de synthèse, il est utilisé en tant que laxatif. Il sert aussi à la fabrication de l'émail et des céramiques chez les dentistes. En cosmétique, on l'utilise pour ses propriétés détartrantes et masquantes.Ses fonctions (INCI) Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

Organophosphate; OPE; Acephate; Azinphos methyl; Bromophos; Bromophos ethyl; hlorphoxim; Chlorpyrifos; hlorpyrifos-methyl; Chlorthiophos; Coumaphos; Crotoxyphos; Crufomate; Cyanofenphos; Cyanophos; Demeton; Demeton-O; Demeton-S; Demeton-S-methyl; Demeton-S-methylsulphon; Diazinon; Dichlofenthion; Dichlorvos; Dicrotophos; Dimefox; Dimethoate; Dioxabenzophos; Dioxathion; Disulfoton; Ditalmifos; Edifenphos; EPBP; EPN; ESP; Ethion; Ethopropos; Etrimfos; Famphur; Fenamiphos; Fenchlorphos; Fenitrothion; Fensulfothion; Fenthion; Fonofos; Formothion; Heptenophos; Isothioate; Isoxathion; Jodfenphos; Leptophos; Malathion; Mephosfolan; Methamidophos; Methidathion; Mevinphos; Monocrotophos; Naled; Omethoate; Oxydemeton-methyl; Parathion; Parathion-methyl; Phenthoate; Phorate; Phosphamidon amide; Phospholan; Phoxim; Pirimiphos-ethyl; Profenofos; Propaphos; Prothiofos; Quinlphos; Schradan; Sulfotep; Sulprofos; Temephos; TEPP; Terbufos; Tetrachlorvinphos; Thiometon; Thionazin; Triazophos; Trichlorfon; Vamidothion

cas no 8002-43-5 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 3-sn-Phosphatidylcholine; L-α-Lecithin; Azolectin; PC; L-α-Phosphatidylcholine;

cas no 71050-62-9 Phosphanecarboxylic acid; Phosphoranecarboxylicacid (8CI,9CI);

Phosphinic Acid = Phosphine oxide = Phosphinic acid = hydrophosphorous acid = Phosphonous acid


Phosphinic acid (HPA), or phosphinic acid, is a phosphorus oxyacid and a powerful reducing agent with molecular formula H3PO2.
Phosphinic acid is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane, and alcohols.
The formula for Phosphinic acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2, which highlights its monoprotic character.
Salts derived from Phosphinic acid are called hypophosphites.

HOP(O)H2 exists in equilibrium with the minor tautomer HP(OH)2.
Sometimes the minor tautomer is called Phosphinic acid and the major tautomer is called phosphinic acid.

Phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to two hydrogens and a hydroxy group and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphinic acids.

phosphinic acid has role antioxidant
phosphinic acid is a phosphinic acids
phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxoacid
phosphinic acid is conjugate acid of phosphinate


Phosphinic acid General Information
Chemical Name: Phosphinic Acid
Synonyms: Phosphinic Acid, Phosphine oxide, Phosphinic acid
Chemical Formula: H3PO2
CAS Number: 6303-21-5
EC Number: 228-601-5


Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid (VAN)
Hypophosphorus acid
Phosphine oxide, hydroxy-
Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid
phosphinic acid
Phosphonous acid (VAN)

CAS names
Phosphinic acid

IUPAC names
hydroxy-oxophosphanium
Phosphinic ACID
Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid
Phosphinic acid
Hypophosphorus Acid
phosphenous acid
Phosphinic acid
phosphinic acid
Phospinic Acid
Unterphosphorige Säure



Phosphinic acid [NF]
6303-21-5 [RN]
Acide phosphinique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
H2PO(OH) [Formula]
Phosphinic acid (VAN)
PH2(OH)O [Formula]
PH2O(OH) [Formula]
Phosphinic acid [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphinsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
[PH2(OH)O]
[PH2O(OH)]
dihydridodioxophosphoric acid
dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus
dihydroxyphosphanium
dihydroxyphosphonium
H3PO2
HPA
hydrophosphorous acid
Phosphinic acid solution
MFCD02183592 [MDL number]
UNII-8B1RL9B4ZJ
次磷酸 [Chinese]

DIHYDROXYPHOSPHINE
HYDROXYPHOSPHINE OXIDE
Phosphinic ACID
PHOSPHINE OXIDE, HYDROXY-
PHOSPHONOUS ACID

Phosphinic acid is a phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to two hydrogens and a hydroxy group and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphinic acids. It has a role as an antioxidant. It is a phosphorus oxoacid and a member of phosphinic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a phosphinate.

Phosphinic acid (H3PO2) is an important chemical product with wide applications in pharmaceuticals and electroless plating.



Phosphinic acid Uses
Bleaching Agent – Phosphinic Acid is used as a bleaching or decolorizing agent for plastics, synthetic fibers, and chemicals

Color Stabilizer – HPA is used as a decolorizing agent and for color stabilization during the manufacture of chemicals and several plastics including: nylon fibers, polyamides, polyester fiber, polyacrilonitrile, alkyd rsins, epoxies, fatty acid esters, and glycerols.

Hypophosphite Salts – Phosphinic Acid is used in the production of Hypophosphite Salts (i.e., Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Potassium, Iron, and Ammonium) which are in turn used in synthetic fibers as wetting dispersing, emulsifying, and anti-static agents

Chemical Intermediate – Phosphinic Acid is used in organic synthesis and organo phosphinic acid production

Neturalizing Agent – Phosphinic Acid is used as a moderately strong monobasic acid

Catalyst – Phosphinic Acid is a polymerization and polycondensation catalyst

Wetting Agent – Phosphinic Acid is a as a wetting, dispersing, or emulsifying agent in electroplating

Reducing Agent – Phosphinic Acid may be used for its strong but slow reducing action

Antioxidant – Phosphinic Acid may be used as an antioxidant

Pharmaceutical – HPA may be used as a stimulant in pharmaceuticals

Phosphinic acid is used as a chain transfer agent in aqueous polymerizations.


Phosphinic acid has color stabilizer function, antioxydant property and it is also used as reducer or catalyst in multiple industries.


Uses: Phosphinic acid is used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, discoloration of polymers, water treatment, retrieval of precious or non-ferrous metals.
Its main use is for electroless plating, i.e. deposition of metal films from solution.
In organic chemistry, H3PO2 best known for their use in the reduction of arenediazonium salts, converting ArN2+ to Ar-H.
When diazotized in a concentrated solution of Phosphinic acid, an amine substituent can be removed from arenes, selectively over alkyl amines.
Phosphinic Acid (HPA) is also known as phosphinic acid, hydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane, oxo-λ5-phosphinous acid and oxo-λ5-phosphanol.
Its molecular formula is H3PO2 or HOP(O)H2. Phosphinic acid is a hydroxy phosphine oxide or phosphorus oxyacid having a monobasic character. Phosphinic Acid is a low-melting colorless compound, which is highly soluble in alcohols, dioxane and water. Phosphinic acid is majorly manufactured from Sodium Hypophosphite.
Phosphinic Acid is widely used as a reducing agent to reduce Cu, Hg and Ag etc. to verify impurities, such as Nb, As and Ta, etc.
It is also used as a catalyst during esterification and in medicines, it is used to detect tellurium and arsenic, etc
Phosphinic Acid is used as a decolorizing or bleaching agent in plastics, chemicals and synthetic fibers.
It is also used as a color stabilizer during the manufacturing of chemicals and plastics, including polyamides, nylon fibers, polyacrilonitrile, polyester fiber, epoxies, glycerols, fatty acid esters and alkyd resins.
Phosphinic Acid is also used as a polycondensation and polymerization agent, reducing agent, an antioxidant and stimulant in pharmaceuticals, etc.
Thus, due to the wide areas of application of Phosphinic acid, its consumption is expected to grow at a significant rate during the forecast period.
Phosphinic Acid is used in various end use industries, such as building and construction, electronics and electrical, chemical and plastics, etc.
Thus, owing to the growing use of Phosphinic Acid in various industries, its sales is expected to increase, thereby propelling the growth of the global Phosphinic Acid market during the forecast period.
Phosphinic Acid is significantly used as a salt (sodium hypophosphite) and also in electroless nickel plating (Ni–P), as well as Phosphinic Acid is also used for reducing arenediazonium salts.
Though Phosphinic Acid finds application in chemical industry but owing to the ill effects of Phosphinic Acid the United States Drug Enforcement Administration has assigned Phosphinic Acid and its salts in List I precursor chemical and Phosphinic Acid handlers are ordered to keep a record and registration etc. for during the import and export

By Product Type Phosphinic Acid 50%Phosphinic Acid >50%


Segmentation By Grades:
Technical Grade Phosphinic Acid
Pharmaceutical Grade Phosphinic Acid

By Application
Pharmaceutical
Reducing Agent
Resin
Ink
Coating
Other



IUPAC name: Phosphinic acid

Other names
Hydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane
Hydroxy-λ5-phosphanone
Oxo-λ5-phosphanol
Oxo-λ5-phosphinous acid
Phosphonous acid (for minor tautomer)

Identifiers
CAS Number: 6303-21-5

Properties
Chemical formula: H3PO2
Molar mass: 66.00 g/mol
Appearance: colorless, deliquescent crystals or oily liquid
Density 1.493 g/cm3
1.22 g/cm3 (50 wt% aq. solution)

Melting point: 26.5 °C (79.7 °F; 299.6 K)
Boiling point: 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K) decomposes
Solubility in water: miscible
Solubility: very soluble in alcohol, ether
Acidity (pKa): 1.2
Conjugate base: Phosphinate



Applications: Phosphinic Acid is primarily used for electroless nickel plating. It is involved in the reduction of arenediazonium salts. It acts as an additive in Fischer esterification reactions. Also, it serves as a neutralizing agent, antioxidant, catalyst in polymerization and poly condensation, and wetting agent. Further, it is used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, discoloration of polymers, water treatment and retrieval of precious or non-ferrous metals. In addition to this, it is used as bleaching agents for plastics, synthetic fibers, decolorizing agent and for color stabilization during the manufacture of chemicals and several plastics.

Notes
Incompatible with strong oxidizers, mercuric oxide, mercury(II) nitrate, metals and strong bases.




Preparation and availabilityPhosphinic Acid was first prepared in 1816 by the French chemist Pierre Louis Dulong (1785–1838).

The acid is prepared industrially via a two step process: Firstly, hypophosphite salts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals result from the reaction of white phosphorus with hot aqueous solution of the appropriate hydroxide, e.g. Ca(OH)2.

P4 + 4 OH− + 4 H2O → 4 H2PO−2 + 2 H2
The salt is then treated with a strong, non-oxidizing acid to give the free Phosphinic acid:

H2PO−2 + H+ → H3PO2
HPA is usually supplied as a 50% aqueous solution.
Anhydrous acid cannot be obtained by simple evaporation of the water, as the acid ready oxidises to phosphorous acid and phosphoric acid and also disproportionates to phosphorous acid and phosphine.
Pure anhydrous Phosphinic acid can be formed by the continuous extraction of aqueous solutions with diethyl ether.

Reactions and uses
Its main industrial use is for electroless nickel plating (Ni–P), although it is primarily used as a salt (sodium hypophosphite).
Phosphinic Acid can reduce chromium(III) oxide to chromium(II) oxide:

H3PO2 + 2 Cr2O3 → 4 CrO + H3PO4

Organic chemistry
In organic chemistry, H3PO2 can be used for the reduction of arenediazonium salts, converting ArN+2 to Ar–H.
When diazotized in a concentrated solution of Phosphinic acid, an amine substituent can be removed from arenes.

Owing to its ability to function as a mild reducing agent and oxygen scavenger it is sometimes used as an additive in Fischer esterification reactions, where it prevents the formation of colored impurities.

It is used to prepare phosphinic acid derivatives.

DEA List I chemical status
Because Phosphinic acid can reduce elemental iodine to form hydroiodic acid, which is a reagent effective for reducing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine to methamphetamine, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration designated Phosphinic acid (and its salts) as a List I precursor chemical effective November 16, 2001.[12] Accordingly, handlers of Phosphinic acid or its salts in the United States are subject to stringent regulatory controls including registration, recordkeeping, reporting, and import/export requirements pursuant to the Controlled Substances Act and 21 CFR §§ 1309 and 1310.[12][13][14]

Organophosphinic acids (Phosphinates)
Main article: Phosphinate
Organophosphinic acids have the formula R2PO2H. The two hydrogen atoms directly bound to phosphorus in phosphinic acid are replaced by organic groups.
For example, formaldehyde and H3PO2 react to give (HOCH2)2PO2H.
Similarly, phosphinic acid adds to Michael acceptors, for example with acrylamide it gives H(HO)P(O)CH2CH2C(O)NH2.
The Cyanex family of dialkylphosphinic acids are used in hydrometallurgy to extract metals from ores.

Inorganic derivatives
Few metal complexes have been prepared from H3PO2, one example is Ni(O2PH2)2.




Phosphinic Acid is a phosphorus oxoacid and a powerful reducing agent. Inorganic chemists refer to the free acid by this name (also as "HPA") although its official IUPAC name is phosphinic acid. See Phosphinic acid. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane, and alcohols. The formula for Phosphinic acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2 which highlights its monoprotic character. Salts derived from this acid are called hypophosphites.

HOP(O)H2 exists in equilibrium with the minor tautomer HP(OH)2. Sometimes the minor tautomer is called Phosphinic acid and the major tautomer is called phosphinic acid.

Preparation and availability
The acid is prepared industrially via a two step process. Hypophosphite salts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals result from treatment of white phosphorus with hot aqueous solution of the appropriate hydroxide, e.g. Ca(OH)2.

UsesPhosphinic Acid is used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, discoloration of polymers, water treatment, retrieval of precious or non-ferrous metals.
Its main use is for electroless plating, i.e. deposition of metal films from solution.
In organic chemistry, H3PO2 best known for their use in the reduction of arenediazonium salts, converting ArN2+ to Ar-H.
When diazotized in a concentrated solution of Phosphinic acid, an amine substituent can be removed from arenes, selectively over alkyl amines.




Free Phosphinic acid, H3PO2, is prepared by acidifying aqueous solutions of hypophosphite ions, H2PO2−.
For example, the solution remaining when phosphine is prepared from the reaction of white phosphorus and a base contains the H2PO2− ion.
If barium hydroxide (BaOH) is used as the base and the solution is acidified with sulfuric acid, barium sulfate, BaSO4, precipitates, and an aqueous solution of Phosphinic acid results.
Ba2+ + 2H2PO2− + 2H3O+ + SO42− → BaSO4 + 2H3PO2 + 2H2OThe pure acid cannot be isolated merely by evaporating the water, however, because of the easy oxidation of the Phosphinic acid to phosphoric acids (and elemental phosphorus) and its disproportionation to phosphine and phosphorous acid.
The pure acid can be obtained by extraction of its aqueous solution by diethyl ether, (C2H5)2O. Pure Phosphinic acid forms white crystals that melt at 26.5 °C (79.7 °F).
The electronic structure of Phosphinic acid is such that it has only one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and it is thus a monoprotic oxyacid.
It is a weak acid and forms only one series of salts, the hypophosphites.
Hydrated sodium hypophosphite, NaH2PO2 · H2O, is used as an industrial reducing agent, particularly for the electroless plating of nickel onto metals and nonmetals


hydroxy(oxo)phosphanium
H3PO2
CHEBI:29031Phosphinic Acid (NF)Phosphinic Acid [NF]
Phosphinic Acids
hydrophosphorous acid
hydroxyphosphine oxide
hypo phosphorous acid
hypo-phosphorous acid
Phosphonous acid (VAN)
DEA Code 6797
HPH2O2
dihydridodioxophosphoric acid
H2PO(OH)
Phosphinic acid (VAN)
dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus
[PH2(OH)O]
[PH2O(OH)]
CHEMBL2105054
HSDB 8373
DTXSID90873902
[O][PH2]=O
EINECS 228-601-5
hydrogen dihydridodioxophosphate(1-)
MFCD02183592
NSC 41904
AKOS015892821
AKOS030228788
C05339
D02334
EC 228-601-5
Hypophosphorus acid, 50% w/w aqueous solution





IUPAC Names
dihydridodioxophosphoric acid
dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus
hydrogen dihydridodioxophosphate(1−)
Synonyms
[PH2(OH)O]
[PH2O(OH)]
H2PO(OH)
H3PO2 ChEBI
HPA ChEBI
HPH2O2 IUPAC
hydrophosphorous acid ChEBI
Phosphinic acid KEGG COMPOUND
Phosphinic acid





CAS Number: 6303-21-5
Formula: H3-O2-P

Major Category
Toxic Gases & Vapors
Phosphinic acid formula graphical representation

Synonyms
Phosphinic acid (VAN); Hypophosphorus acid; Phosphine oxide, hydroxy-; Phosphonous acid (VAN); Phosphinic acid; [ChemIDplus] UN3264

Category: Acids, Inorganic

Description: Deliquescent solid (from the water-free acid); Supercools to colorless odorless liquid; mp = 26.5 deg C; [Merck Index] Colorless odorless solution; [MSDSonline]

Sources/Uses: Used to make hypophosphites and in electroplating baths; [Hawley]

Comments: A strong reducing agent; [Merck Index] Fire and explosion hazard in contact with oxidizing agents; [Hawley] A strong reducing agent; May cause irritation or burns to skin, eye, and respiratory tract; [CAMEO] Corrosive to skin and eyes; [eChemPortal: ERMA] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; [MSDSonline]


Applications : Phosphinic acid is used as a pharmaceutical additive as antioxidant, as an ingredient of electroless plating solutions, for the retrieval of precious or non-ferrous metals as a water treatment agent, as a meat preservative to prevent the discoloration of polymers and for the production of chemicals







Phosphinic acid is also known as "hypophosphite" It is colorless oil or deliquescence crystal , it is an important fine chemical product. The main use is as reducing agent for electroless plating, phosphoric prevent discoloration of resins, it can also be used in the esterification reaction catalyst, the refrigerant, in particular for the production of high purity product sodium hypophosphite. There are several methods for preparation, the common industrial method for producing is ion exchange resin method and electrodialysis method.
The chemical properties of Phosphinic acid, uses, toxicity, and production methods are edited by andy of Chemicalbook. (2016-12-04)

Chemical properties
It is deliquescent crystals or colorless oil. Melting point: 26.5℃. The relative density (specific gravity): 1.439 (solid, 19℃). It is soluble in water, ethanol and ether, and it can be mixed in any proportion with water, ethanol, acetone. In the air, it easily deliquesce to syrupy liquid, and the aqueous solution is acidic.
Phosphinic acid is monobasic acid, in aqueous solution, Phosphinic acid is strong acid, Ka = 10-2 (25℃); it is relatively stable at room temperature; disproportionation reaction can proceed at 130℃, decompose into phosphine and phosphorous acid:
2H3PO2=H3PO4+PH3
It has strong reduction, heavy metal salt solution can be restored to metals such as Cu2 +, Hg2 +, Ag +, such as:
4Ag+H3PO2+2H2)=4Ag+H3PO4+4H+
It is weak oxidizer, it can be reduced to phosphine, phosphine when encounters strong reducing agent.

Uses
1. Phosphinic acid is used as reducing agent for electroless plating;
2. It can be used to prevent discoloration of phosphoric acid resin;
3. It is used as esterification catalyst, the refrigerant;
4. It is used to produce hypophosphite, sodium salts, manganese salts, iron salts are generally used as nourishing substances;
5. Phosphinic acid is used in medicine and as reducing agent, the determination of arsenic, tellurium and separation of tantalum, niobium and other reagents.
6. It is strong reducing agent, It can be used for the preparation of sodium hypophosphite, calcium phosphate and other hypophosphite.
7. It can be used for the plating bath. Pharmaceuticals. reducing agent. general reagents.
8. It is strong reducing agent, it can be used in making sodium hypophosphite, calcium phosphate and other hypophosphite.
9. This product is widely used as reducing agent, Ag, Cu, Ni, Hg and other metals are reduced to the corresponding metal, for the verification of As, Nb, Ta and other reagents, it can be used for the preparation of Na, K, Ca, Mn, Fe and other types of hypophosphite.

Toxicity
It is non-combustible. But when contacts with the hole H agent, it will cause fire. When meets oxidizing agent, violent reaction and combustion can proceed. When it is heated to high, it can decompose into highly toxic phosphine gas, or even explode. It is corrosive. Phosphinic acid is often added into soft drinks, and because it is not absorbed. So the risk is small, but particularly strong hypophosphite hurt gastrointestinal. Accidentally it splashes into the eyes or contacts skin, plenty of water is used to washed. Production operators should wear protective clothing and other protective clothing. Production equipment should be sealed, workshop should be ventilated well.

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Hazard statement:
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
Causes serious eye damage
Precautionary statements:
Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection.
IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if
present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Immediately call a POISON CENTRE or doctor/physician.
Store locked up.
Dispose of this material and its container to hazardous or special waste collection point.


Preparation method
1. Phosphorus and barium hydroxide solution is heated, barium salt Ba (H2PO2) 2 • 2H2O can generate, sulfuric acid is added into Phosphinic acid barium solution, Ba2+ can precipitate:
Ba(H2PO2)2+H2SO4=BaSO4+2H3PO2
Phosphinic acid can be obtained by evaporating under reduced pressure and low temperature crystallization. Due to in this process, the solubility of the barium salt is small, so the concentration of obtained Phosphinic acid is not high, industrial product should be purified by recrystallization.

2. the barium oxide (or lime) and solution of white phosphorus is heated together to form secondary barium phosphate (or calcium), and then reacts with sulfuric acid, it is filtered, concentrated to obtain product, or sodium hypophosphite solution proceeds H-type ion exchange resin can derive product. This method requires a large amount of resin, and resin regeneration and washing step is cumbersome, it generally costs more than $ 7 per pound, it is only suitable for small batch production, and not suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

3. Phosphinic acid is prepared by electrodialysis method, wherein the electrodialysis cell divides into three parts, they are anode chamber, raw material chamber and cathode chamber, the intermediate is separated by anionic membrane and cationic membrane, between two membranes sodium hypophosphite solution is placed (concentration of 100g/L~500g/L), anode chamber is dilute solution of Phosphinic acid 5g/L, anode chamber is dilute sodium hydroxide solution ( 5g /L), between the poles DC (3V~36V) is passed, anode releases oxygen, and generates secondary product of Phosphinic acid; cathode emits hydrogen, and generates secondary product of sodium hydroxide, the reaction time is 3~21h. The reactions of anode chamber and cathode chamber are as follows:
anode chamber:
H2O==H++OH-
2OH-==O2+2H2O+4e
H++H2PO2-==H3PO2
cathode chamber:
H2O==H++OH-
2H++2e==H2
Na++OH-==NaOH
Electrodialysis method of preparation Phosphinic acid is simple and equipment investment is small, it is suitable for mass production.

4. Starting from the industrial grade sodium hypophosphite, Cl-, SO42-anions which affect the quality indicators of Phosphinic acid are removed by precipitation, heavy metal ions are removed from the solution by forming sulfide, and then using strong acid cation exchange resin to obtain sodium secondary phosphate, high purity grade product can obtain. The process can produce high-grade secondary phosphate, technically is feasible, the process is simple, easy operation, good product quality, it can meet the needs of the electronics industry, defense industry and other high-tech fields.
Production Process of Phosphinic Acid from Industrial Sodium Hypophosphite
figure 1 Production Process of Phosphinic Acid from Industrial Sodium Hypophosphite.

5. Ion exchange resin method: about 70g of cation exchange resin wetted with water is packed into a glass tube with 5 mol/L hydrochloric acid circulating about 15min, after thoroughly washed with water, high purity aqueous sodium hypophosphite aqueous solution (15 g/60 ml H2O) flows through it, the resin column is first washed with 50 ml, then with 25 rnl distilled water. The effluent acid and washing is combined, it is concentrated by evaporation in water bath. The concentrated acid is placed in high vacuum with P205 dryer for dehydration, cooling and crystallization, filtration, recrystallization, to obtain Phosphinic acid product.
Production method
Ion exchange resin method: put about 70 g water-soluble cation exchange resins to fill into a glass tube. Circulate with 5 mol/L hydrochloric acid for about 15 min and wash sufficiently with water. Have a high aqueous sodium hypophosphite solution (15 g/60 ml H2O) to flow through the resin column, followed by being washed first with 50 ml water, and then rinsing with 25 rnl distilled water. The effluent acid and the washings were combined and concentrated by evaporation on a water bath. The concentrated acid is send to the highly vacuum, P205 dryer for dehydration, followed by cooling crystallization, filtration and recrystallization to obtain the finished product of Phosphinic acid.

Description
Phosphinic acid is a powerful reducing agent with a molecular formula of H3PO2. Inorganic chemists refer to the free acid by this name although its IUPAC name is dihydridohydroxidooxidophosphorus, or the acceptable name of phosphinic acid. It is a colorless low-melting compound, which is soluble in water, dioxane, and alcohols. The formula for Phosphinic acid is generally written H3PO2, but a more descriptive presentation is HOP(O)H2 which highlights its monoprotic character. Salts derived from this acid are called phosphinates (hypophosphites).

Description
This acid has the general formula ofH4P2O6 and differs from the other oxy-phosphorous acids. It has many peculiarities. It is formed along with phosphorous and phosphoric acids, when phosphorus is oxidized by moist air. If white phosphorus is exposed to air, and sodium acetate is addedto the liquidwhich forms, the somewhat insoluble sodium hypophosphate,Na2H2P2O6·6H2Oseparates. The sodium hypophosphate monohydrate, however, is very soluble and deliquescent at ～98.7 g/100 ml.

Chemical Properties
colourless liquid

Physical properties
Colorless deliquescent crystals or oily liquid; sour odor; density 1.493 g/cm3;melts at 26.5°C; boils at 130°C; very soluble in water, alcohol and ether; den-sity of a 50% aqueous solution is 1.13 g/mL.

Uses
Preparation of hypophosphites, electroplating baths.

Definition
ChEBI: A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to two hydrogens and a hydroxy group and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphinic acids.


Preparation

Phosphinic acid may be prepared by various methods:
1. Boiling white phosphorus with calcium hydroxide:
P4 + 4Ca(OH)2 + 8H2O → 4Ca(H2PO2)2 + 4H2
The calcium salt is soluble in water. Treatment with sulfuric acid yields thePhosphinic acid:
(H2PO2)2Ca + H2SO4 → 2H3PO2 + CaSO4
The product mixture is filtered to remove insoluble CaSO4. The aqueous solu-tion of Phosphinic acid is concentrated under reduced pressure.Concentrated baryta water may be used instead of calcium hydroxide.2. By treating sodium hypophosphite, NaH2PO2with an ion-exchange resin.The sodium salt may be produced by boiling white phosphorus with a solutionof sodium hydroxide, a reaction similar to (1) above.
PH3 + 2I2 + 2H2O → H3PO2 + 4HI
The above method may be considered safer than that involving heating whitephosphorus with an alkali.
Phosphinic acid must be stored below 50°C. It is sold commerciallyas an aqueous solution at various concentrations.

Production Methods
Phosphinic acid is formed by reaction of barium hypophosphite and sulfuric acid, and filtering off barium sulfate.
By evaporation of the solution in vacuum at 80 °C, and then cooling to 0°C, Phosphinic acid crystallizes.

Definition
A white crystalline solid. It is a monobasic acid forming the anion H2PO2 – in water.
The sodium salt, and hence the acid, can be prepared by heating yellow phosphorus with sodium hydroxide solution.
The free acid and its salts are powerful reducing agents.

Reactions
Phosphinic acid is miscible with water in all proportions and a commercial strength is 30% H3PO2. Hypophosphites are used in medicine.
Phosphinic acid is a powerful reducing agent, e.g., with copper sulfate forms cuprous hydride Cu2H2, brown precipitate, which evolves hydrogen gas and leaves copper on warming; with silver nitrate yields finely divided silver; with sulfurous acid yields sulfur and some hydrogen sulfide; with sulfuric acid yields sulfurous acid, which reacts as above; forms manganous immediately with permanganate.

General Description
Colorless oily liquid or deliquescent crystals with a sour odor. Density 1.439 g / cm3. Melting point 26.5°C.
Inhalation of vapors irritates or burns the respiratory tract. Liquid and vapors may irritate or burn eyes and skin.

Air & Water Reactions
Deliquescent. Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile
Phosphinic ACID decomposes when heated into phosphoric acid and spontaneously flammable phosphine. Phosphinic Acid is oxidized by sulfuric acid with release of sulfur dioxide and sulfur. Phosphinic Acid reacts explosively with mercury(II) oxide [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 778]. Phosphinic Acid reacts violently with mercury(II) nitrate [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 993]. Phosphinic Acid neutralizes bases in exothermic reactions.

Hazard
Fire and explosion risk in contact with oxidizing agents.

Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Containers may explode when heated.

Purification Methods
Phosphorous acid is a common contaminant of commercial 50% Phosphinic acid.
Jenkins and Jones [J Am Chem Soc 74 1353 1952] purified this material by evaporating about 600mL in a 1L flask at 40o, under reduced pressure (in N2), to a volume of about 300mL. After the solution was cooled, it was transferred to a wide-mouthed Erlenmeyer flask which was stoppered and left in a Dry-ice/acetone bath for several hours to freeze (if necessary, with scratching of the wall). When the flask was then left at ca

PCA; Phosphino carboxylic acid; POCA; dispersant PCA; Copolymer of Phosphono and carboxylic Acid; CAS NO. : 71050-62-9

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Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) provides greater flexibility and better performance in developing multiple antiscalant programs for a variety of scales found in boiler systems, foods plants, and cleaning applications. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is a multifunctional product that provides the benefits of many separate products, including: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is soluble/miscible in Water and Ethylene glycol in all proportions. The product is soluble in Caustic Soda (46%). If diluted with Methanol, a precipitation may occur. pH range: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) can be used without pH limitations. It does not form insoluble sodium or potassium salts. The product is hydrolytically stable and can be incorporated into concentrated formulations regardless of the final pH. Temperature: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is stable at temperatures up to 200°C. Oxidizing agent: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) (CAS 71050-62-9) Market Research Report 2017 - Research and Markets The "Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) (CAS 71050-62-9) Market Research Report 2017" report has been added to Research and Markets' offering. “Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) (CAS 71050-62-9) Market Research Report 2017” Tweet this This Global Report 2017 is a result of industry experts' diligent work on researching the world market of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA). The report helps to build up a clear view of the market (trends and prospects), identify major players in the industry, and estimate main downstream sectors. The first chapter introduces the product by providing review of the most of its characteristics (composition, structure, hazards, storage, toxicological & ecological information, etc.). The second chapter focuses on Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) end-uses, the third one gives summary on a number of patents. The fourth chapter deals with Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) market trends review, distinguish Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) manufacturers and suppliers. The chapter 5 summarizes Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) prices data. The last chapter analyses Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) downstream markets. The Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) global market report 2017 key points: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) description, its application areas and related patterns Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) market situation Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) manufacturers and distributors Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) prices (by region and provided by market players) Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) end-uses breakdown Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) downstream industries trends Key Topics Covered: 1. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. General information, synonyms 1.2. Composition, chemical structure 1.3. Safety information 1.4. Hazards identification 1.5. Handling and storage 2. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) APPLICATION 3. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) PATENTS 4. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) MARKET WORLDWIDE 4.1. General Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) market situation, trends 4.2. Manufacturers of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) 4.3. Suppliers of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) 4.4. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) market forecast Product Description Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) provides greater flexibility and better performance in developing multiple antiscalant programs for a variety of scales found in boiler systems, foods plants, and cleaning applications. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search "COOH" redirects here. For the Bulgarian musician, see Ivan Shopov. Structure of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Carboxylate Anion 3D structure of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 A Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH)[1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 is R–COOH, with R referring to the alkyl group. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 gives a carboxylate anion. Examples and nomenclature Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are commonly identified by their trivial names. They often have the suffix -ic acid. IUPAC-recommended names also exist; in this system, Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s have an -oic acid suffix.[2] For example, butyric acid (C3H7CO2H) is butanoic acid by IUPAC guidelines. For nomenclature of complex molecules containing a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50, the carboxyl can be considered position one of the parent chain even if there are other substituents, such as 3-chloropropanoic acid. Alternately, it can be named as a "carboxy" or "Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50" substituent on another parent structure, such as 2-carboxyfuran. The carboxylate anion (R–COO− or RCO2−) of a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 is usually named with the suffix -ate, in keeping with the general pattern of -ic acid and -ate for a conjugate acid and its conjugate base, respectively. For example, the conjugate base of acetic acid is acetate. Carbonic acid, which occurs in bicarbonate buffer systems in nature, is not generally classed as one of the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s, despite that it has a moiety that looks like a COOH group. Straight-chain, saturated Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s Other Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s Compound class Members unsaturated monoPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s acrylic acid (2-propenoic acid) – CH2=CHCOOH, used in polymer synthesis Fatty acids medium to long-chain saturated and unsaturated monoPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s, with even number of carbons, examples: docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (nutritional supplements) Aromatic Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s containing at least one aromatic ring, examples: benzoic acid – the sodium salt of benzoic acid is used as a food preservative, salicylic acid – a beta-hydroxy type found in many skin-care products, phenyl alkanoic acids – the class of compounds where a phenyl group is attached to a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 DiPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s containing two carboxyl groups, examples: adipic acid the monomer used to produce nylon and aldaric acid – a family of sugar acids TriPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s containing three carboxyl groups, examples: citric acid – found in citrus fruits and isocitric acid Solubility Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are polar. Because they are both hydrogen-bond acceptors (the carbonyl –C=O) and hydrogen-bond donors (the hydroxyl –OH), they also participate in hydrogen bonding. Together, the hydroxyl and carbonyl group form the functional group carboxyl. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s usually exist as dimers in nonpolar media due to their tendency to "self-associate". Smaller Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s (1 to 5 carbons) are soluble in water, whereas bigger Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s have limited solubility due to the increasing hydrophobic nature of the alkyl chain. These longer chain acids tend to be soluble in less-polar solvents such as ethers and alcohols.[3] Aqueous sodium hydroxide and Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s, even hydrophobic ones, react to yield water-soluble sodium salts. For example, enathic acid has a low solubility in water (0.2 g/L), but its sodium salt is very soluble in water. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s tend to have higher boiling points than water, because of their greater surface areas and their tendency to form stabilised dimers through hydrogen bonds. For boiling to occur, either the dimer bonds must be broken or the entire dimer arrangement must be vaporised, increasing the enthalpy of vaporization requirements significantly. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 dimers Acidity Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are Brønsted–Lowry acids because they are proton (H+) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are typically weak acids, meaning that they only partially dissociate into H3O+ cations and RCOO− anions in neutral aqueous solution. For example, at room temperature, in a 1-molar solution of acetic acid, only 0.4% of the acid are dissociated. Electron-withdrawing substituents, such as -CF3 group, give stronger acids (the pKa of formic acid is 3.75 whereas trifluoroacetic acid, with a trifluoromethyl substituent, has a pKa of 0.23). Electron-donating substituents give weaker acids (the pKa of formic acid is 3.75 whereas acetic acid, with a methyl substituent, has a pKa of 4.76) Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50[4] pKa Deprotonation of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s gives carboxylate anions; these are resonance stabilized, because the negative charge is delocalized over the two oxygen atoms, increasing the stability of the anion. Each of the carbon–oxygen bonds in the carboxylate anion has a partial double-bond character. The carbonyl carbon's partial positive charge is also weakened by the -1/2 negative charges on the 2 oxygen atoms. Odour Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s often have strong sour odours. Esters of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s tend to have pleasant odours, and many are used in perfume. Characterization Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are readily identified as such by infrared spectroscopy. They exhibit a sharp band associated with vibration of the C–O vibration bond (νC=O) between 1680 and 1725 cm−1. A characteristic νO–H band appears as a broad peak in the 2500 to 3000 cm−1 region.[3] By 1H NMR spectrometry, the hydroxyl hydrogen appears in the 10–13 ppm region, although it is often either broadened or not observed owing to exchange with traces of water. Occurrence and applications Many Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are produced industrially on a large scale. They are also frequently found in nature. Esters of fatty acids are the main components of lipids and polyamides of aminoPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are the main components of proteins. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are used in the production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, solvents, and food additives. Industrially important Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s include acetic acid (component of vinegar, precursor to solvents and coatings), acrylic and methacrylic acids (precursors to polymers, adhesives), adipic acid (polymers), citric acid (a flavor and preservative in food and beverages), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (chelating agent), fatty acids (coatings), maleic acid (polymers), propionic acid (food preservative), terephthalic acid (polymers). Important carboxylate salts are soaps. Synthesis Industrial routes In general, industrial routes to Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s differ from those used on a smaller scale because they require specialized equipment. Oxidation of hydrocarbons using air. For simple alkanes, this method is inexpensive but not selective enough to be useful. Allylic and benzylic compounds undergo more selective oxidations. Alkyl groups on a benzene ring are oxidized to the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50, regardless of its chain length. Benzoic acid from toluene, terephthalic acid from para-xylene, and phthalic acid from ortho-xylene are illustrative large-scale conversions. Acrylic acid is generated from propene.[5] Hydrolysis of triglycerides obtained from plant or animal oils. These methods of synthesizing some long-chain Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are related to soap making. Many reactions produce Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s but are used only in specific cases or are mainly of academic interest. Reactions Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 organic reactions The most widely practiced reactions convert Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s into esters, amides, carboxylate salts, acid chlorides, and alcohols. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s react with bases to form carboxylate salts, in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl (–OH) group is replaced with a metal cation. For example, acetic acid found in vinegar reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to form sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water: CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COO−Na+ + CO2 + H2O Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s also react with alcohols to give esters. This process is widely used, e.g. in the production of polyesters. Likewise, Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are converted into amides, but this conversion typically does not occur by direct reaction of the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 and the amine. Instead esters are typical precursors to amides. The conversion of amino acids into peptides is a significant biochemical process that requires ATP. The hydroxyl group on Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s may be replaced with a chlorine atom using thionyl chloride to give acyl chlorides. In nature, Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are converted to thioesters. Reduction Like esters, most of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 can be reduced to alcohols by hydrogenation or using hydride or alkyl transferring agents (since they will deprotonate the acids instead[further explanation needed] without transfer) such as lithium aluminium hydride or Grignard reagents (organolithium compounds). N,N-Dimethyl(chloromethylene)ammonium chloride (ClHC=N+(CH3)2Cl−) is a highly chemoselective agent for Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 reduction. It selectively activates the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 to give the carboxymethyleneammonium salt, which can be reduced by a mild reductant like lithium tris(t-butoxy)aluminum hydride to afford an aldehyde in a one pot procedure. This procedure is known to tolerate reactive carbonyl functionalities such as ketone as well as moderately reactive ester, olefin, nitrile, and halide moieties.[7] The Schmidt reaction converts Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s to amines. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are decarboxylated in the Hunsdiecker reaction. The Dakin–West reaction converts an amino acid to the corresponding amino ketone. In the Barbier–Wieland degradation, an Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 on an aliphatic chain having a simple the methylene bridge at the alpha position can have the chain shortened by one carbon. The inverse procedure is the Arndt–Eistert synthesis, where an acid is converted into acyl halide, which is then reacted with diazomethane to give one additional methylene in the aliphatic chain. Many acids undergo oxidative decarboxylation. Enzymes that catalyze these reactions are known as carboxylases (EC 6.4.1) and decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1). Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are reduced to aldehydes via the ester and DIBAL, via the acid chloride in the Rosenmund reduction and via the thioester in the Fukuyama reduction. In ketonic decarboxylation Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s are converted to ketones. Organolithium reagents (>2 equiv) react with Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s to give a dilithium 1,1-diolate, a stable tetrahedral intermediate which decomposes to give a ketone upon acidic workup. has media related to Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 List of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50s DiPhosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Pseudoacid Thiocarboxy Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent and preparation method thereof Abstract The invention relates to a water reducing agent for concrete and a preparation method, and particularly relates to a Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent and a preparation method thereof. The Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent is formed by polymerizing a large monomer, a phosphorus-containing compound, a small monomer and an initiator through a free radial polymerization reaction; the raw materials are as follows in percentage by mole: 15-30% of large monomer, 1-8% of phosphorus-containing compound, 65-80% of small monomer, 1-5% of initiator and the balance of water; and the preparation method comprises the following steps: enabling the raw materials to react for 3-6 hours at 40-85 DEG C; cooling to 35-40 DEG C; and adding an alkaline compound to adjust the pH value to neutrality, wherein the product is the Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent. The Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 water reducing agent provided by the invention shows good water reducing property and collapse resistance in the concrete with different content of mud and powder/mud sand samples; and the working performance of the concrete with different content of powder/mud can be realized in normal compounding process, and the quality of the concrete can be guaranteed. Application: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 has advantages in a wide range of water quality, chemical stability, strong chlorine tolerance, etc. Engineers use it as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system. And also found in the oilfield refill water system. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) Connect Chemicals is well recognized in the market as expert and capable partner for water treatment additives. Thanks to Connect Chemicals engineer experience we've developed a polymers series for water treatment including our Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA). Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) provides greater flexibility and better performance in developing multiple antiscalant programs for a variety of scales found in boiler systems, foods plants, and cleaning applications. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is a multifunctional product that provides the benefits of many separate products, including: Solubility: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is soluble/miscible in Water and Ethylene glycol in all proportions. The product is soluble in Caustic Soda (46%). If diluted with Methanol, a precipitation may occur. pH range: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) can be used without pH limitations. It does not form insoluble sodium or potassium salts. The product is hydrolytically stable and can be incorporated into concentrated formulations regardless of the final pH. Temperature: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is stable at temperatures up to 200°C. Oxidizing agent: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard Detailed information on the product described can be found in our relevant Health and Safety Information (Material Safety Data Sheet). Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Through the introduction of phosphonic group into carboxylic group, PCA has good dispersion property for scale of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate in circulating cool water system. It has good scale inhibition for barium sulfate, strontium sulfate and silica scale.PCA has advantages in wide range of water quality, chemical stability, strong chlorine tolerance, etc. PCA can be used as scale and corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water system and oilfield refill water system.Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) provides greater flexibility and better performance in developing multiple antiscalant programs for a variety of scales found in boiler systems, foods plants, and cleaning applications. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is a multifunctional product that provides the benefits of many separate products, including: CHEMICAL and PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is soluble/miscible in Water and Ethylene glycol in all proportions. Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) can be used without pH limitations. It does not form insoluble sodium or potassium salts. The product is hydrolytically stable and can be incorporated into concentrated formulations regardless of the final pH. Temperature: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is stable at temperatures up to 200°C. Oxidizing agent: Phosphino Carboxylic Acid %50 (PCA) is not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides in standard

cas no: 34036-80-1 Phenyl tris(MEKO)silane; Phenyltris(butanone oximido)silane; Tris(methylethylketoxime)phenylsilane; PHENYLTRIS(METHYLETHYLKETOXIMIO)SILANE; PHENYLTRIS(METHYLETHYLKETOXIMINO)SILANE; PHENYL TRIS METHYLETHYL KETOXIME SILANE; 2-Butanone, O,O,O-(phenylsilylidyne)trioxime; PHENYLTRIS(METHYLETHYLKETOXIMINO)SILANE, tech-95; Phenyl Oximino Silane. Phenyltris(MEKO)silane.

SYNONYMS Hydrogen phosphate; o-Phosphoric acid; CAS NO. 7664-38-2

PHOSPHORIC ACID; N° CAS : 7664-38-2 - Acide phosphorique; Origine(s) : Synthétique. Autres langues : Acido fosforico, Phosphorsäure, Ácido fosfórico. Nom INCI : PHOSPHORIC ACID; Nom chimique : Orthophosphoric acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-633-2. Additif alimentaire : E338, Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Acide phosphorique; Acido fosforico; Acidum phosphoricum; Evits; Fosforzuuroplossingen; Hydrogen phosphate; o-Phosphoric acid;Orthophosphoric acid; phosphoric acid; phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid ... %; phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid ... %; Phosphoric acid, ortho-; phosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid; PHOSPHORIC ACID, SOLID; PHOSPHORIC ACID, SOLUTION; Phosphoricum acidum; Phosphorsaeure; Phosphorsaeureloesungen; Sonac; Translated names; ...% fosforo rūgštis, ...% ortofosforo rūgštis (lt); acid fosforic….%, acid ortofosforic….% (ro); acide phosphorique ... % (fr); acido fosforico ... % (it); Fosforhape …%, ortofosforhape …% (et); Fosforihappo... % (fi); fosforjeva kislina…%, ortofosforjeva kislina...% (sl); fosforna kiselina ... %, ortofosforna kiselina ... % (hr); fosforsyra ... % (sv); fosforsyre ... % (da); fosforzuur ... % (nl); foszforsav ...%, ortofoszforsav ...% (hu); kwas fosforowy(V) ... % (pl); kwas ortofosforowy(V) ... % (pl); kyselina fosforečná ... %, kyselina trihydrogenfosforečná ... % (sk); kyselina orthofosforečná ...% (cs); phosphorsyre ... % (da); Phosphorsäure ... % (de); … % fosforskābe, … % ortofosforskābe (lv); ácido fosfórico ... % (es); ácido fosfórico em solução ... % (pt); ácido ortofosfórico ... % (es); ορθοφωσφορικό οξύ ... % (el); фосфорна киселина...%, ортофосфорна киселина...% (bg); ortho phosphoric acid; ortho-phosphoric acid; Orthophosphoric aci; orthophosphoric acid ... %; orthophosphoric acid ...%; orthophosphoric acid 75%; orthophosphoric acid 85 %; ortophosphoric acid; phopshoric acid 85%; phosphoric acid ... %; phosphoric acid ... %, orthophosphoric acid; phosphoric acid 75 %; phosphoric acid 85%; Phosphoric Acid; Phosphoric acid, o-Phosphoric acid; phosphoric acid...%, orthophosphoric acid...%; phosphoric acide; Phosphoric acod; Phosphorsäure; Reaction mass of 1-methoxypropan-2-ol and oxalic acid and sulphuric acid and (2-methoxymethylethoxy)propanol; Reaction mass of 64-19-7 and 7697-37-2; Reaction mass of ortho-phosphoric aceide, zinc oxide and aluminium oxide; Trihydrogenphosphat; trihydroxido oxidophosphorus; trihydroxidooxidophosphorus; Trihydroxidooxidophosphorus Phosphoric acid

OrthoPhosphoric acid; o-Phosphoric acid CAS NO:7664-38-2

Phosphorus Penta Oxide; Phosphoric Anhydride; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphoric Pentoxide; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; cas no: 1314-56-3

Phosphoric Anhydride; Diphosphorus Pentoxide;Phosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphoric Pentoxide; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; CAS NO:1314-56-3

SYNONYMS Phosphorus sulfide; Thiophosphoric Anhydride;Pentasulfure de phosphore (French); Phosphoric Sulfide; Phosphorus Persulfide; Sirnik Fosforecny (Czech); Sulfur Phosphide; Tetraphosphorus Decasulfide; Phosphorus(V) sulfide; Diphosphorus Pentasulfide; cas no: 1314-80-3

Phosphoric Anhydride; Diphosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphorus Pentoxide; Phosphoric Pentoxide; Diphosphorus Pentoxide CAS NO: 1314-56-3

Orthophosphorous acid; Dihydroxyphosphine oxide; Phosphorus; Trihydroxide; Trihydroxyphosphine; Phosphonsäure (Dutch); ácido fosfónico (Spanish); Acide phosphonique (French); cas no : 13598-36-2

Phosphorous Acid; Orthophosphorous acid; Dihydroxyphosphine oxide; Phosphorus; Trihydroxide; Trihydroxyphosphine; Phosphonsäure; ácido fosfónico; Acide phosphonique; cas no:13598-36-2

cas no 85-44-9 1,3-Isobenzofuranidone; 1,3-Dioxophthalan; Phthalandione; 1,3 Phthalandione; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride; Phthalic acid anhydride; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride; 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxoisobenzofuran;

Phthalic Acid; Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; 1,2-Benzenedioic acid; Phthalic acid; Benzene-1,2-dioic acid; ortho-Phthalic acid cas no: 88-99-3

PHYTIC ACID N° CAS : 83-86-3 - Acide phytique Autres langues : Acido fitico, Phytinsäure, Ácido fítico Nom INCI : PHYTIC ACID Nom chimique : cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-Cyclohexanehexol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-506-6 Additif alimentaire : E391 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques

2-hydroxy-1-(4-(4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl)benzyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one; 1,1'-(Methylene-di-4,1-phenylene)bis[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone] cas no : 474510-57-1

terpentinoel; unipine; yarmor; yarmorpineoil; GUM TURPENTINE OIL; Oils,pine; Pine oil Joyce; PINUS PALUSTRIS OIL; Oleum abietis; Pine oil; Yarmor; Pine nut oil; Oils, pine CAS NO:8002-09-3

PIGMENT BROWN PIGMENT BROWN 25: TCBR02501 Dark reddish brown shade Excellent fastness Transparent TCBR02501 is a transparent dark reddish shade benzimidazolone pigment brown 25 , which is somewhat yellower and more transparent than pigment Brown 23. It offers excellent light fastness and weather resistance. In industrial and automotive coatings TCBr02501 gives a transparent, dark reddish brown shade and offers high fastness properties. In plastic and master batch applications like window frames, cabling and specialty applications like pvc flooring TCBr02501 has a high thermal stability (DIN 12877) of 290 °C. Some customers use TCBr02501 in solvent- and water based inks.” TCBr02501 is compliant with the relevant purity requirements of EU Directive 94/62/EC, U.S. CONEG Toxics in Packaging Legislation and EU Directive 2011/65/EC (RoHS). Pigment Brown From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search This article is about the color. For other uses, see Pigment Brown (disambiguation). Pigment Brown Espresso-roasted coffee beans.jpg Grizzly.jpg 33rd Punjabi Army (Commander Punjabi Subadar) by A C Lovett.jpg Elderly Gambian woman face portrait.jpg Rembrandt van Rijn - Self-Portrait - Google Art Project.jpg Ayers-Rock.jpg About these coordinates Color coordinates Hex triplet #964B00 sRGBB (r, g, b) (150, 75, 0) CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 50, 100, 41) HSV (h, s, v) (30°, 100%, 59%) Source [Unsourced] B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) Pigment Brown is a composite color. In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, Pigment Brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow,[1][2] or red, yellow, and blue.[3] In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, Pigment Brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions. In painting, Pigment Brown is generally made by adding black to orange. The Pigment Brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation. Pigment Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.[4] According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, Pigment Brown is the least favorite color of the public; it is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, and poverty.[5] More positive associations including baking, warmth, wildlife and the autumn. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History and art 2.1 Ancient history 2.2 Post-classical history 2.3 Modern history 2.3.1 17th and 18th century 2.3.2 19th and 20th century 3 Pigment Brown in science and nature 3.1 Optics 3.2 Pigment Brown pigments, dyes and inks 3.3 Pigment Brown eyes 3.4 Pigment Brown hair 3.5 Pigment Brown skin 3.6 Soil 3.7 Mammals and birds 3.8 Biology 4 Pigment Brown in culture 4.1 Pigment Brown uniforms 4.2 Business 4.3 Idioms and expressions 4.4 Sports 5 In nature and culture 6 See also 7 References 8 Notes and citations 9 External links Etymology The term is from Old English brún, in origin for any dusky or dark shade of color. The first recorded use of Pigment Brown as a color name in English was in 1000.[6][7] The Common Germanic adjective *brûnoz, *brûnâ meant both dark colors and a glistening or shining quality, whence burnish. The current meaning developed in Middle English from the 14th century.[8] Words for the color Pigment Brown around the world often come from foods or beverages; in the eastern Mediterranean, the word for Pigment Brown often comes from the color of coffee: in Turkish, the word for Pigment Brown is kahve rengi; in Greek, kafé. In Southeast Asia, the color name often comes from chocolate: coklat in Malay; tsokolate in Filipino. In Japan, the word chairo means the color of tea.[9] History and art Ancient history Further information: Ancient history Pigment Brown has been used in art since prehistoric times. Paintings using umber, a natural clay pigment composed of iron oxide and manganese oxide, have been dated to 40,000 BC.[10] Paintings of Pigment Brown horses and other animals have been found on the walls of the Lascaux cave dating back about 17,300 years. The female figures in ancient Egyptian tomb paintings have Pigment Brown skin, painted with umber. Light tan was often used on painted Greek amphorae and vases, either as a background for black figures, or the reverse. The Ancient Greeks and Romans produced a fine reddish-Pigment Brown ink, of a color called sepia, made from the ink of a variety of cuttlefish. This ink was used by Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and other artists during the Renaissance, and by artists up until the present time. In Ancient Rome, Pigment Brown clothing was associated with the lower classes or barbarians. The term for the plebeians, or urban poor, was "pullati", which meant literally "those dressed in Pigment Brown".[11] Painting of a dun horse on the wall of Lascaux Cave in France. Tomb of Userhet, 1300 BC. Pigment Brown was widely used in Ancient Egypt to represent skin color. A tan terracotta background on a Greek amphora with the figures of Hercules and Apollo. (about 720 BC). Post-classical history In the Middle Ages Pigment Brown robes were worn by monks of the Franciscan order, as a sign of their humility and poverty. Each social class was expected to wear a color suitable to their station; and grey and Pigment Brown were the colors of the poor. Russet was a coarse homespun cloth made of wool and dyed with woad and madder to give it a subdued grey or Pigment Brown shade. By the statute of 1363, poor English people were required to wear russet. The medieval poem Piers Plowman describes the virtuous Christian:[12] And is gladde of a goune of a graye russet As of a tunicle of Tarse or of trye scarlet. In the Middle Ages dark Pigment Brown pigments were rarely used in art; painters and book illuminators artists of that period preferred bright, distinct colors such as red, blue and green, rather than dark colors. The umbers were not widely used in Europe before the end of the fifteenth century; The Renaissance painter and writer Giorgio Vasari (1511–1574) described them as being rather new in his time.[13] Artists began using far greater use of Pigment Browns when oil painting arrived in the late fifteenth century. During the Renaissance, artists generally used four different Pigment Browns; raw umber, the dark Pigment Brown clay mined from the earth around Umbria, in Italy; raw sienna, a reddish-Pigment Brown earth mined near Siena, in Tuscany; burnt umber, the Umbrian clay heated until it turned a darker shade, and burnt sienna, heated until it turned a dark reddish Pigment Brown. In Northern Europe, Jan van Eyck featured rich earth Pigment Browns in his portraits to set off the brighter colors. Leonardo da Vinci used sepia ink, from cuttlefish, for his writing and drawing. Jan van Eyck, Portrait de Baudoin de Lannoy. (1435) Modern history 17th and 18th century The 17th and 18th century saw the greatest use of Pigment Brown. Caravaggio and Rembrandt Van Rijn used Pigment Browns to create chiaroscuro effects, where the subject appeared out of the darkness. Rembrandt also added umber to the ground layers of his paintings because it promoted faster drying. Rembrandt also began to use new Pigment Brown pigment, called Cassel earth or Cologne earth. This was a natural earth color composed of over ninety percent organic matter, such as soil and peat. It was used by Rubens and Anthony van Dyck, and later became commonly known as Van Dyck Pigment Brown. Self-portrait of Rembrandt. The older Rembrandt became the more Pigment Brown he used in his paintings. Anthony van Dyck, like Rembrandt, was attached to the pigment called Cassel earth or Cologne earth; it became known as Van Dyck Pigment Brown. 19th and 20th century Pigment Brown was generally hated by the French impressionists, who preferred bright, pure colors. The exception among French 19th-century artists was Paul Gauguin, who created luminous Pigment Brown portraits of the people and landscapes of French Polynesia. In the late 20th century, Pigment Brown became a common symbol in western culture for simple, inexpensive, natural and healthy. Bag lunches were carried in plain Pigment Brown paper bags; packages were wrapped in plain Pigment Brown paper. Pigment Brown bread and Pigment Brown sugar were viewed as more natural and healthy than white bread and white sugar. Words of the Devil, by Paul Gauguin (1892). Uniform of the Hitler Youth movement in the 1930s. Pigment Brown in science and nature Optics Pigment Brown is a composite color, made by combining red, yellow and black.[14] It can be thought of as dark orange, but it can also be made in other ways. In the RGB color model, which uses red, green and blue light in various combinations to make all the colors on computer and television screens, it is made by mixing red and green light. In terms of the visible spectrum, "Pigment Brown" refers to long wavelength hues, yellow, orange, or red, in combination with low luminance or saturation.[15] Since Pigment Brown may cover a wide range of the visible spectrum, composite adjectives are used such as red Pigment Brown, yellowish Pigment Brown, dark Pigment Brown or light Pigment Brown. As a color of low intensity, Pigment Brown is a tertiary color: a mix of the three subtractive primary colors is Pigment Brown if the cyan content is low. Pigment Brown exists as a color perception only in the presence of a brighter color contrast.[16] Yellow, orange, red, or rose objects are still perceived as such if the general illumination level is low, despite reflecting the same amount of red or orange light as a Pigment Brown object would in normal lighting conditions. The colored disks appear to be Pigment Brown and orange, but are actually an identical shade; their perceived color depends on the shade of grey they are surrounded by.[17] Pigment Brown pigments, dyes and inks Raw umber and burnt umber are two of the oldest pigments used by man. Umber is a Pigment Brown clay, containing a large amount of iron oxide and between five and twenty percent manganese oxide, which give the color. Its shade varies from a greenish Pigment Brown to a dark Pigment Brown. It takes its name from the Italian region of Umbria, where it was formerly mined. The principal source today is the island of Cyprus. Burnt umber is the same pigment which has been roasted (calcined), which turns the pigment darker and more reddish.[18] Raw sienna and burnt sienna are also clay pigments rich in iron oxide, which were mined during the Renaissance around the city of Siena in Tuscany. Sienna contains less than five percent manganese. The natural sienna earth is a dark yellow ochre color; when roasted it becomes a rich reddish Pigment Brown called burnt sienna.[18] Mummy Pigment Brown was a pigment used in oil paints made from ground Egyptian mummies.[19] Caput mortuum is a haematite iron oxide pigment, used in painting. The name is also used in reference to mummy Pigment Brown (see above). Van Dyck Pigment Brown, known in Europe as Cologne earth or Cassel earth, is another natural earth pigment, that was made up largely of decayed vegetal matter. It made a rich dark Pigment Brown, and was widely used during the Renaissance to the 19th century It takes its name from the painter Anthony van Dyck, but it was used by many other artists before him. It was highly unstable and unreliable, so its use was abandoned by the 20th century, though the name continues to be used for modern synthetic pigments. The color of Van Dyck Pigment Brown can be recreated by mixing ivory black with mauve or with Venetian red, or mixing cadmium red with cobalt blue.[20] Mars Pigment Brown. The names of the earth colors are still used, but very few modern pigments with these names actually contain natural earths; most of their ingredients today are synthetic.[18] Mars Pigment Brown is typical of these new colors, made with synthetic iron oxide pigments. The new colors have a superior coloring power and opacity, but not the delicate hue as their namesakes.[18] Walnuts have been used to make a Pigment Brown dye since antiquity. The Roman writer Ovid, in the first century BC described how the Gauls used the juice of the hull or husk inside the shell of the walnut to make a Pigment Brown dye for wool, or a reddish dye for their hair.[21] The chestnut tree has also been used since ancient times as a source Pigment Brown dye. The bark of the tree, the leaves and the husk of the nuts have all been used to make dye. The leaves were used to make a beige or yellowish-Pigment Brown dye, and in the Ottoman Empire the yellow-Pigment Brown from chestnut leaves was combined with indigo blue to make shades of green.[22] Iron oxide is the most common ingredient in Pigment Brown pigments. Limonite is a form of yellowish iron ore. A clay of limonite rich in iron oxide is the source of raw sienna and burnt sienna. Natural or raw umber pigment is clay rich in iron oxide and manganese. Burnt sienna pigment, from the region around Siena in Tuscany Pigment Brown eyes Main article: Eye color In humans, Pigment Brown eyes result from a relatively high concentration of melanin in the stroma of the iris, which causes light of both shorter and longer wavelengths to be absorbed[23][24] and in many parts of the world, it is nearly the only iris color present.[25] Dark pigment of Pigment Brown eyes is most common in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Oceania, Africa, Americas, etc. as well as parts of Eastern Europe and Southern Europe.[26] The majority of people in the world overall have dark Pigment Brown eyes. Light or medium-pigmented Pigment Brown eyes are common in Europe, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India, as well as some parts of the Middle East. (See eye color). A dark Pigment Brown iris is most common in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. A light Pigment Brown iris is most common in North Africa, Eastern Europe, the Americas and West Asia. Pigment Brown hair Main article: Pigment Brown hair Pigment Brown is the second most common color of human hair, after black. It is caused by higher levels of the natural dark pigment eumelanin, and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin. Pigment Brown eumelanin is more common among Europeans, while black eumelanin is more often found in the hair on non-Europeans. A small amount of black eumelanin, in the absence of other pigments, results in grey hair. A small amount of Pigment Brown eumelanin in the absence of other pigments results in blond hair. Brunette is the French term for a woman with Pigment Brown (brun) hair. Nadeeka Perera, a fashion model from Sri Lanka Auburn hair is a reddish Pigment Brown. This is actress Susan Sarandon. Chestnut color hair also has a reddish tint, but is less red and more Pigment Brown than auburn hair. This is German singer Yvonne Catterfeld. Pigment Brown skin A majority of people in the world have skin that is a shade of Pigment Brown, from a very light honey Pigment Brown or a golden Pigment Brown, to a copper or bronze color, to a coffee color or a dark chocolate Pigment Brown. Skin color and race are not the same; many people classified as "white" or "black" actually have skin that is a shade of Pigment Brown. Pigment Brown skin is caused by melanin, a natural pigment which is produced within the skin in cells called melanocytes. Skin pigmentation in humans evolved to primarily regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the skin, controlling its biochemical effects.[27] Natural skin color can darken as a result of tanning due to exposure to sunlight. The leading theory is that skin color adapts to intense sunlight irradiation to provide partial protection against the ultraviolet fraction that produces damage and thus mutations in the DNA of the skin cells.[28] There is a correlation between the geographic distribution of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the distribution of indigenous skin pigmentation around the world. Darker-skinned populations are found in the regions with the most ultraviolet, closer to the equator, while lighter skinned populations live closer to the poles, with less UVR, though immigration has changed these patterns.[29] While white and black are commonly used to describe racial groups, Pigment Brown is rarely used, because it crosses all racial lines. In Brazil, the Portuguese word pardo, which can mean different shades of Pigment Brown, is used to refer to multiracial people. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) asks people to identify themselves as branco (white), pardo (Pigment Brown), negro (black), or amarelo (yellow). In 2008 43.8 percent of the population identified themselves as pardo.[30] (See Human skin color) Soil The thin top layer of the Earth's crust on land is largely made up of soil colored different shades of Pigment Brown.[31] Good soil is composed of about forty-five percent minerals, twenty-five percent water, twenty-five percent air, and five percent organic material, living and dead. Half the color of soil comes from minerals it contains; soils containing iron turn yellowish or reddish as the iron oxidizes. Manganese, nitrogen and sulfur turn Pigment Brownish or blackish as they decay naturally. Rich and fertile soils tend to be darker in color; the deeper Pigment Brown color of fertile soil comes from the decomposing of the organic matter. Dead leaves and roots become black or Pigment Brown as they decay. Poorer soils are usually paler Pigment Brown in color, and contain less water or organic matter. Mollisols are the soil type found under grassland in the Great Plains of America, the Pampas in Argentina and the Russian Steppes. The soil is 60–80 centimeters deep and is rich in nutrients and organic matter. Loess is a type of pale yellow or buff soil, which originated as wind-blown silt. It is very fertile, but is easily eroded by wind or water. Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation, whose decomposition is slowed by water. Despite its dark Pigment Brown color, it is infertile, but is useful as a fuel. A typical soil profile; dark-Pigment Brown topsoils, rich with organic matter, above reddish-Pigment Brown lower layers. A profile of layers of Mollisols, the soil type found in the Great Plains of the U.S., the Pampas in Argentina, and the Russian Steppes. A landscape of loess soil in Datong, Shanxi, China. Loess originated as windblown silt. It is very fertile but erodes easily. A stack of peat cut from the Earth in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Peat is partially decayed vegetative matter. Mammals and birds A large number of mammals and predatory birds have a Pigment Brown coloration. This sometimes changes seasonally, and sometimes remains the same year-round. This color is likely related to camouflage, since the backdrop of some environments, such as the forest floor, is often Pigment Brown, and especially in the spring and summertime when animals like the snowshoe hare get Pigment Brown fur. The Pigment Brown rat or Norwegian rat (Rattus norvegicus) is one of the best known and most common rats. The Pigment Brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. The ermine (Mustela erminea) has a Pigment Brown back in summer, or year-round in the southern reaches of its range. The Pigment Brown bear is found across Eurasia and North America. The tawny owl. The color tawny takes its name from the old French word tané, which means to tan leather. The same word is the root of suntan and the color tan. The fur of the snowshoe hare is Pigment Brown in the summer and turns white in winter, as a form of all-season natural camouflage. Camel is an effective color for camouflage in the Sahara desert, and is also a popular color for blankets and winter overcoats. Biology The solid waste excreted by human beings and many other animals is characteristically Pigment Brown in color due to the presence of bilirubin, a byproduct of destruction of red blood cells. Pigment Brown in culture Surveys in Europe and the United States showed that Pigment Brown was the least popular color among respondents. It was the favorite color of only one percent of respondents, ranked below white and pink, and the least-favorite color of twenty-percent of people, even less popular than pink, gray and violet.[32] Pigment Brown uniforms Pigment Brown has been a popular color for military uniforms since the late 18th century, largely because of its wide availability and low visibility. When the Continental Army was established in 1775 at the outbreak of the American Revolution, the first Continental Congress declared that the official uniform color would be Pigment Brown, but this was not popular with many militias, whose officers were already wearing blue. In 1778 the Congress asked George Washington to design a new uniform, and in 1779 Washington made the official color of all uniforms blue and buff.[33] In 1846 the Indian soldiers of the Corps of Guides in British India began to wear a yellowish shade of tan, which became known as khaki from the Urdu word for dust-colored, taken from an earlier Persian word for soil. The color made an excellent natural camouflage, and was adopted by the British Army for their Abyssian Campaign in 1867–1868, and later in the Boer War. It was adopted by the United States Army during the Spanish–American War (1896), and afterwards by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. In the 1920s, Pigment Brown became the uniform color of the Nazi Party in Germany. The Nazi paramilitary organization the Sturmabteilung (SA) wore Pigment Brown uniforms and were known as the Pigment Brownshirts. The color Pigment Brown was used to represent the Nazi vote on maps of electoral districts in Germany. If someone voted for the Nazis, they were said to be "voting Pigment Brown". The national headquarters of the Nazi party, in Munich, was called the Pigment Brown House. The Nazi seizure of power in 1933 was called the Pigment Brown Revolution.[34] At Adolf Hitler's Obersalzberg home, the Berghof, he slept in a "bed which was usually covered by a Pigment Brown quilt embroidered with a huge swastika. The swastika also appeared on Hitler's Pigment Brown satin pajamas, embroidered in black against a red background on the pocket. He had a matching Pigment Brown silk robe."[35] Pigment Brown had originally been chosen as a Party color largely for convenience; large numbers of war-surplus Pigment Brown uniforms from Germany's former colonial forces in Africa were cheaply available in the 1920s. It also suited the working-class and military images that the Party wished to convey. From the 1930s onwards, the Party's Pigment Brown uniforms were mass-produced by German clothing firms such as Hugo Boss.[36][37] The khaki uniforms of Indian soldiers in British India. General Douglas MacArthur in Khaki on August 2, 1945. Chief petty officers of the U.S. Navy in their khaki service uniforms. Business The color Pigment Brown is said to represent ruggedness when used in advertising.[38] Pullman Pigment Brown[39] is the color of the United Parcel Service (UPS) delivery company with their trademark Pigment Brown trucks and uniforms; it was earlier the color of Pullman rail cars of the Pullman Company, and was adopted by UPS both because Pigment Brown is easy to keep clean, and due to favorable associations of luxury that Pullman Pigment Brown evoked. UPS has filed two trademarks on the color Pigment Brown to prevent other shipping companies (and possibly other companies in general) from using the color if it creates "market confusion". In its advertising, UPS refers to itself as "Pigment Brown" ("What can Pigment Brown do for you?"). A Pullman rail car, in traditional Pigment Brown. A UPS truck in Pullman Pigment Brown Idioms and expressions "To be Pigment Brown as a berry" (to be deeply suntanned) "To Pigment Brown bag" a meal (to bring food from home to eat at work or school rather than patronizing an in-house cafeteria or a restaurant) "To experience a Pigment Brown out" (a partial loss of electricity, less severe than a blackout) Pigment Brownfields are abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities where redevelopment for infill housing is complicated by real or perceived environmental contaminations.[40] '"Pigment Brown-nose" is a verb which means to be obsequious. It comes from the term for kissing the posterior of the boss in order to gain advancement. "In a Pigment Brown study" (melancholy). Sports The Cleveland Pigment Browns of the National Football League, take their team name from its founder and long-time coach, Paul Pigment Brown, and use Pigment Brown as a team color. The Hawthorn Football Club of the Australian Football League wears a Pigment Brown and gold uniform. The San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball utilizes Pigment Brown as its primary color. The University of Wyoming, Pigment Brown University, St. Bonaventure University, and Lehigh University sports teams generally feature this color.

PIGMENT LEMON CHROME Pigment Lemon Chrome is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Technical Details of Pigment Lemon Chrome (Pigment Lemon Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2 Synonyms Pigment Lemon Chrome CAS No 1344-37-2 CI No 77603 Specifications of Pigment Lemon Chrome (Pigment Lemon Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2 * Notes : Specific Gravity: 4.5 - 5.5 , Bulk Density: 0.75 - 0.80 Applications of Pigment Lemon Chrome (Pigment Lemon Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2 Pigment Lemon Chrome is used for Gravure, Flexo, Sheet-fed Offset, Web Offset, Newspaper, UV and Screen Features / Description of Pigment Lemon Chrome (Pigment Lemon Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2 We hold immense expertise in catering to the variegated requirements of the customers by bringing forth a remarkable Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment. Our offered Pigment Lemon chromes are formulated using inorganic Pigment Lemon Chrome s that are widely used in in plastic and coating paints. In addition, these Pigment Lemon chromes are tested on various characteristics like purity and composition to ensure flawlessness. Pigment Lemon Chrome is a monoclinic Lead Chromate material. A special property is the high purity of shade and a cleaner Full Tone. This Pigment Lemon Chrome is highly stabilized and offers very good fastness to light and weathering and therefore is extensively used in top-quality Synthetic Enamels. Special types for Inks and Plastics are available in Pigment Lemon Chrome. It offers very good dispersion behaviour in Inks media and Polymeric Plastic Master Batch Manufacturing process. Appearance: Pigment Lemon Chrome powder, It is Bright color, strong tinting strength,high hiding . with good light fastness and dispersibility. Main Application: solvent based paint: Alkydresin, Amino-baking, N/C , Epoxy; Plastic: Masterbatch, cable material, plastic pipe and plastic film and sheet etc. Suggested for polyurethane paint, architectural coatings, water based coatings, color paste, leather, stationery and rubber. Inorganic Pigment Lemon Chrome s With the aid of modern tools and sophisticated technologies, we have been able to provide the customers with an astounding Inorganic Pigment Lemon Chrome s. To formulate these Pigment Lemon Chrome s, we utilize quality-approved ingredients, that are obtained from reliable vendors of the industry. Under this non-toxic range, we offer Scarlet Pigment Lemon Chrome, Primrose Pigment Lemon Chrome, Chromocynine Green, Light Pigment Lemon Chrome and Violet 27 Pigment are few to name. Further, our offered Pigment Lemon Chrome s are processed in accordance with the international standards of quality. we are looking enquiries from south Africa ( all countries) Indonesia, Thailand, UAE, turkey, & all gulf countries Description Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method Technical field The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of food dye, relate to Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method particularly. Tatrazine, one of edible synthesized coloring matter three primary colors are allowed to be used for food color synthetic colour the most widely in the world, account for 30 percent of global synthetic colour total amount.And in 3000 tons of years of edible synthesized coloring matter of China demands, Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome ly account for 1200 tons, account for 4 percent top ten. Tatrazine claims FD﹠amp again; C Pigment Lemon Chrome No.5, E102, C.I.19140, CAS number is 1934-21-0, chemical molecular formula C 16H 9N 4Na 3O 9S 2, bright orange- Pigment Lemon Chrome powder or particle, azo type heterocyclic structure (seeing formula 1), Formula 1 Lemon Pigment Lemon Chrome route of synthesis is two kinds: One) phenyl hydrazine-p-sulfonic acid and two hydroxyl tartrate condensations; Two) Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and 1-(4-sulphenyl)-3-carboxyl-5-pyrazolone or the basic ester coupling of its first (second) (or alcohol radical is sloughed in hydrolysis again). Pigment Lemon Chrome Our company adopts tartrate technology the earliest, i.e. first kind of technology, back independent development DMAS technology, use till today always.DMAS (2-DMAS) technology (belonging to pyrazolone technology)--- Pigment Lemon Chrome be that Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and DMAS (2-DMAS) Pigment Lemon Chrome condensation generates the pyrazolone methyl esters, get with the coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt, hydrolysis again. In sum, this area lacks a kind of reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low.Therefore, this area presses for exploitation a kind of reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low. Summary of the invention The object of the present invention is to provide reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low. In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method is provided, step comprises: Pigment Lemon Chrome (a) 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the Pigment Lemon Chrome presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid Pigment Lemon Chrome dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, peregal 0 or its combination; (b) described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome. Description of drawings Fig. 1 is a Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method's of the present invention process flow sheet, and DMAS is the 2-DMAS, and inferior sodium is Sodium Nitrite, is Sulphanilic Acid to acid. Embodiment Pigment Lemon Chrome The inventor by technological improvement production technique such as integrated use liquid-phase chromatographic analysis, phase-transfer catalysis, membrane sepn, meticulous reaction controls, forms the new production method of high purity Tatrazine through extensive and deep research.This production method comprise DMAS (2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters) under the effect of phase-transfer catalyst and gentle acid binding agent with mole number such as approximately to sour diazonium salt condensation; then with second part approximately wait mole number to sour diazonium salt in the coupling of pH6.5-8.0 scope; again in PH9.0-9.5,75-85 ℃ hydrolysis, after recrystallization, membrane sepn purification step and high purity is Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome.The contriver is surprised to find that, adopts method of the present invention, improves simultaneously except making Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome product purity and reaction yield, can also significantly reduce the content of organic impuritys such as unreacted intermediate and secondary dyestuff, reduces pollutent simultaneously and produces and discharging.Finished the present invention on this basis. Reaction process Pigment Lemon Chrome (hereinafter referred to as to acid) diazotization reaction obtains the Pigment Lemon Chrome diazonium salt. Pigment Lemon Chrome Then, 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid Pigment Lemon Chrome dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, paregal O or its combination; Then, described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome. Fig. 1 is a Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method's of the present invention process flow sheet, and DMAS is the 2-DMAS, and inferior sodium is Sodium Nitrite, is Sulphanilic Acid to acid. As shown in Figure 1, realize that Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method of the present invention comprises diazotization reaction, condensation reaction, coupled reaction, hydrolysis reaction and post-processing step, wherein each post-processing step comprises crystallisation step, membrane sepn step and drying step. Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome ly adopt general post-treating method to separate, as recrystallization method etc. It is Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome to adopt method of the present invention to prepare, overcome the defective that is easy to generate sodium self conjugates, make that respectively to go on foot unit process complete substantially, reduced the content of organic impuritys such as unreacted intermediate and secondary dyestuff, yield is obviously improved, reach 91.4%, (HPLC 238nm) reaches 99.5% to purity simultaneously.Quality index reaches U.S. FCC standard comprehensively.Thereby the Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome product that method of the present invention makes is as foodstuff additive, and its detrimental impurity content is few, therefore has higher food safety. Pigment Lemon Chrome All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled Pigment Lemon Chrome in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned teachings of the present invention, these equivalent form Pigment Lemon Chrome of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally. Claims (9) Hide Dependent 1. Pigment Lemon Chrome Pigment Lemon Chrome preparation method is characterized in that step comprises: (a) 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer Pigment Lemon Chrome catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, peregal 0 or its combination; (b) described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow. 2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Lemon Chrome, phase-transfer catalyst is a poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 described in the step (a). 3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Lemon Chrome, acid binding agent is selected from Sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium bicarbonate described in the step (a). 4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Lemon Chrome, acid binding agent is a Sodium phosphate dibasic described in the step (a). 5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt described in the step (a) carries out diazotization reaction by Sulphanilic Acid and makes, and described phase-transfer catalyst adds in Pigment Lemon Chrome diazotization reaction. 6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of step (b) is regulated Pigment Lemon Chrome the pH value with the pH regulator agent before reaction be 1.0-2.0. 7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that Pigment Lemon Chrome, described pH regulator agent is a Sodium phosphate dibasic. 8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises separating step in the step (b), and described separating step Pigment Lemon Chrome comprises roughing out and purification step, and wherein said roughing out step adopts recrystallization method, and described purification step adopts membrane separation process. 9. Pigment Lemon Chrome method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the employing molecular weight cut-off is 350 tubular type nanofiltration membrane in the described membrane separation process. Description A toxic yellow artist's Pigment Lemon Chrome containing Lead chromate sometimes mixed with Lead sulfate. Lead chromate can range in shade from Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow to orange depending on its particle size, hydration state, and percent lead chromate. Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow, which came on the market in early 1800s, is permanent to visible light, but can darken with exposure to UV radiation or Hydrogen sulfide. Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow is used in industrial paints, some artist's paints and ceramic glazes. Other yellow chromate Pigment Lemon Chrome s are sometimes also called Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow. Strontium chromate, zinc chromate, and Barium chromate are pale yellow Pigment Lemon Chrome s that are often mixed and called Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow. Strontium chromate has more hiding power than the barium chromate. Zinc yellow is synthetically prepared zinc chromate. The pure material is stable and is used in oil and watercolor paints Pigment Lemon Chrome. Pigment Lemon Chrome Synonyms and Related Terms Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34; CI 77600; Chromgelb (Deut.); jaune de chrôme (Fr.); giallo cromo (It.); amarillo de cromo (Esp.); amarelo de crómio (Port.); Paris yellow; king's yellow; Vienna yellow; Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow; jonquil Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow; Cologne yellow; Leipzig yellow Pigment Lemon Chrome yellow 305.TIF Other Properties Soluble in strong acids and alkalis. Insoluble in water. High birefringence. Monoclinic prism crystals. Composition PbCrO4 CAS 7758-97-6 Melting Point 844 Density 5.96 - 6.3 Molecular Weight mol. wt. = 323.2 Refractive Index 2.31; 2.49 Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment of C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN) 1344-37-2. The substance C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 was identified in the categorization of the Domestic Substances List as a high priority for action under the Ministerial Challenge. The substance was identified as a high priority because it was considered to pose greatest potential for exposure (GPE) to individuals in Canada and had been classified by other agencies on the basis of carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity. The substance also met the ecological categorization criteria for persistence and inherent toxicity to aquatic organisms. Pigment Lemon Chrome Therefore, this assessment of C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 focuses on information relevant to the evaluation of both human health and ecological risks. In response to a notice issued under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 was reported to be manufactured in and imported into Canada. After exports, the amount remaining for use in this country ranged between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg. It is primarily used for plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. There were no empirical data identified regarding measured concentrations of C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 in environmental media (i.e., air, water, soil and food) in Canada. Given the physical and chemical properties and sources of this substance, exposure to C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 is expected to be negligible via drinking water, ambient air or consumer products. Exposure to the general population in Canada is expected to be predominantly from soils, although these exposures are expected to be low due to the primarily commercial use of the substance, very limited industrial releases, and the encapsulation and incorporation of the substance into a solid matrix. However, these exposures could not be quantified due to lack of measured concentrations. The substance C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 is considered persistent because it contains metal ions, lead (Pb2+) and the chromate (CrO4 2-) ions, which are considered to be infinitely persistent. Therefore, C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 meets the persistence criteria as set out in the Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations. The current state of the science does not allow for the unambiguous interpretation of the bioaccumulation potential of metalcontaining inorganic substances such as C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34. Experimental toxicity studies suggest that the substance is not hazardous to aquatic organisms at a loading rate (100 mg/L) that is considered to represent a reasonable environmental worst-case scenario. Additionally, considering its low solubility, it is unlikely that organisms associated with other compartments would be harmed by exposure to this substance. Based principally on the weight of evidence based classification of C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 by the European Commission, and the assessment of hexavalent chromium and inorganic lead compounds by several national and international agencies, a critical effect for the 2 Screening Assessment CAS RN 1344-37-2 characterization of risk to human health is carcinogenicity. The substance C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34, together with lead chromate and C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Red 104, was carcinogenic in rats after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration and these animal studies are supported by epidemiological studies, which indicate an increased frequency of lung cancer in chromate Pigment Lemon Chrome production workers. As well, C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 or its principal components were genotoxic in a limited number of in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. On the basis of the carcinogenicity of C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34, for which there may be a probability of harm at any level of exposure, it is concluded that C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. On the basis of ecological hazard and reported releases of C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34, it is concluded that this substance is not entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that have or may have an immediate or long-term harmful effect on the environment or its biological diversity, or that constitute or may constitute a danger to the environment on which life depends. In addition and where relevant, research and monitoring will support verification of assumptions used during the screening assessment and, where appropriate, the performance of potential control measures identified during the risk management phase. Based on the information available, it is concluded that C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 meets one or more of the criteria set out in section 64 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 contains principally lead chromate (PbCrO4) and lead sulfate (PbSO4). The proportion of these individual moieties in the Pigment Lemon Chrome must be considered when evaluating exposure to each of the constituent metals. The Pigment Lemon Chrome Handbook (Lewis 1988) provides a range of composition percentages for the different constituents that are included in the second column of Table 3. Using these data with the molecular weights, the weight fractions of lead and chromate moieties are calculated for each constituent. Table 4 provides the total weight composition for each moiety by summing the contributions from each constituent. The substance C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 is not known to be naturally produced in the environment. The principal metallic components of this substance, lead and chromium, are naturally occurring and as such are considered infinitely persistent. Lead concentrations in the rock of the upper continental crust have been determined to range between 17 and 20 ppm; chromium concentrations have been determined to be approximately 35 ppm (Reimann and de Caritat 1998). As indicated in Table 2, these compounds are not highly soluble. However, while lead sulfate is present in the Pigment Lemon Chrome at two-fold lower quantities, it is orders of magnitude more soluble. Therefore, lead sulfate may be a more significant source of dissolved lead from C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34, despite being present in smaller quantities. However, there are various grades of Pigment Lemon Chrome s including those in which the Pigment Lemon Chrome is encapsulated in a dense amorphous silica coating, which significantly reduces its solubility and bioavailability (Lewis 1988). Based on a survey conducted under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 was both manufactured in and imported into Canada (Environment Canada 2007b). Based on an exportation rate of around 75% of all substance manufactured (Environment Canada 2007a), between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg of this substance would be remaining for use in this country. Uses According to the Color Pigment Lemon Chrome s Manufacturers Association, the significant applications for these Pigment Lemon Chrome s in Canada are plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and a very limited number of commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. For example, these Pigment Lemon Chrome s are used for applications that require safety attributes such as high visibility and so are used in traffic paint striping for highways and airports, and safety identification paints on buses, ambulances and fire trucks. Industrial paints using lead chromate Pigment Lemon Chrome s include automotive finishes, industrial and agricultural equipment, industrial baking enamels and air-dried finishes (Environment Canada 2007a). 10 Screening Assessment CAS RN 1344-37-2 The substance C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 is not used in consumer paints because the Canadian Hazardous Products Act prohibits furniture and other articles for children that are painted with a surface coating material that contains lead compounds of which the total lead content is more than 600 mg/kg (Canada 2005a). A concentration greater than 600 mg/kg would be required technically to manufacture a paint coloured with this substance (Environment Canada 2007a). The Hazardous Products Act also prohibits toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play and pencils and artists’ brushes that have had a surface coating material applied to them that contains more than 600 mg/kg of total lead (Canada 2005a). The substance C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 is not known to be naturally produced in the environment. The principal metallic components of this substance, lead and chromium, are naturally occurring and as such are considered infinitely persistent. Lead concentrations in the rock of the upper continental crust have been determined to range between 17 and 20 ppm; chromium concentrations have been determined to be approximately 35 ppm (Reimann and de Caritat 1998). As indicated in Table 2, these compounds are not highly soluble. However, while lead sulfate is present in the Pigment Lemon Chrome at two-fold lower quantities, it is orders of magnitude more soluble. Therefore, lead sulfate may be a more significant source of dissolved lead from C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34, despite being present in smaller quantities. However, there are various grades of Pigment Lemon Chrome s including those in which the Pigment Lemon Chrome is encapsulated in a dense amorphous silica coating, which significantly reduces its solubility and bioavailability (Lewis 1988). Based on a survey conducted under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 was both manufactured in and imported into Canada (Environment Canada 2007b). Based on an exportation rate of around 75% of all substance manufactured (Environment Canada 2007a), between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg of this substance would be remaining for use in this country. Uses According to the Color Pigment Lemon Chrome s Manufacturers Association, the significant applications for these Pigment Lemon Chrome s in Canada are plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and a very limited number of commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. For example, these Pigment Lemon Chrome s are used for applications that require safety attributes such as high visibility and so are used in traffic paint striping for highways and airports, and safety identification paints on buses, ambulances and fire trucks. Industrial paints using lead chromate Pigment Lemon Chrome s include automotive finishes, industrial and agricultural equipment, industrial baking enamels and air-dried finishes (Environment Canada 2007a). 10 Screening Assessment CAS RN 1344-37-2 The substance C.I. Pigment Lemon Chrome Yellow 34 is not used in consumer paints because the Canadian Hazardous Products Act prohibits furniture and other articles for children that are painted with a surface coating material that contains lead compounds of which the total lead content is more than 600 mg/kg (Canada 2005a). A concentration greater than 600 mg/kg would be required technically to manufacture a paint coloured with this substance (Environment Canada 2007a). The Hazardous Products Act also prohibits toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play and pencils and artists’ brushes that have had a surface coating material applied to them that contains more than 600 mg/kg of total lead (Canada 2005a).

Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Technical Details of Pigment Middle Chrome (Pigment Middle Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2 Synonyms Pigment Middle Chrome CAS No 1344-37-2 CI No 77603 Specifications of Pigment Middle Chrome (Pigment Middle Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2 * Notes : Specific Gravity: 4.5 - 5.5 , Bulk Density: 0.75 - 0.80 Applications of Pigment Middle Chrome (Pigment Middle Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2 Pigment Middle Chrome is used for Gravure, Flexo, Sheet-fed Offset, Web Offset, Newspaper, UV and Screen Features / Description of Pigment Middle Chrome (Pigment Middle Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2 We hold immense expertise in catering to the variegated requirements of the customers by bringing forth a remarkable Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment. Our offered Pigment Middle Chromes are formulated using inorganic Pigment Middle Chrome s that are widely used in in plastic and coating paints. In addition, these Pigment Middle Chromes are tested on various characteristics like purity and composition to ensure flawlessness. Pigment Middle Chrome is a monoclinic Lead Chromate material. A special property is the high purity of shade and a cleaner Full Tone. This Pigment Middle Chrome is highly stabilized and offers very good fastness to light and weathering and therefore is extensively used in top-quality Synthetic Enamels. Special types for Inks and Plastics are available in Pigment Middle Chrome. It offers very good dispersion behaviour in Inks media and Polymeric Plastic Master Batch Manufacturing process. Appearance: Pigment Middle Chrome powder, It is Bright color, strong tinting strength,high hiding . with good light fastness and dispersibility. Main Application: solvent based paint: Alkydresin, Amino-baking, N/C , Epoxy; Plastic: Masterbatch, cable material, plastic pipe and plastic film and sheet etc. Suggested for polyurethane paint, architectural coatings, water based coatings, color paste, leather, stationery and rubber. Inorganic Pigment Middle Chrome s With the aid of modern tools and sophisticated technologies, we have been able to provide the customers with an astounding Inorganic Pigment Middle Chrome s. To formulate these Pigment Middle Chrome s, we utilize quality-approved ingredients, that are obtained from reliable vendors of the industry. Under this non-toxic range, we offer Scarlet Pigment Middle Chrome, Primrose Pigment Middle Chrome, Chromocynine Green, Light Pigment Middle Chrome and Violet 27 Pigment are few to name. Further, our offered Pigment Middle Chrome s are processed in accordance with the international standards of quality. we are looking enquiries from south Africa ( all countries) Indonesia, Thailand, UAE, turkey, & all gulf countries Description Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method Technical field The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of food dye, relate to Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method particularly. Tatrazine, one of edible synthesized coloring matter three primary colors are allowed to be used for food color synthetic colour the most widely in the world, account for 30 percent of global synthetic colour total amount.And in 3000 tons of years of edible synthesized coloring matter of China demands, Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome ly account for 1200 tons, account for 4 percent top ten. Tatrazine claims FD﹠amp again; C Pigment Middle Chrome No.5, E102, C.I.19140, CAS number is 1934-21-0, chemical molecular formula C 16H 9N 4Na 3O 9S 2, bright orange- Pigment Middle Chrome powder or particle, azo type heterocyclic structure (seeing formula 1), Formula 1 Lemon Pigment Middle Chrome route of synthesis is two kinds: One) phenyl hydrazine-p-sulfonic acid and two hydroxyl tartrate condensations; Two) Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and 1-(4-sulphenyl)-3-carboxyl-5-pyrazolone or the basic ester coupling of its first (second) (or alcohol radical is sloughed in hydrolysis again). Pigment Middle Chrome Our company adopts tartrate technology the earliest, i.e. first kind of technology, back independent development DMAS technology, use till today always.DMAS (2-DMAS) technology (belonging to pyrazolone technology)--- Pigment Middle Chrome be that Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and DMAS (2-DMAS) Pigment Middle Chrome condensation generates the pyrazolone methyl esters, get with the coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt, hydrolysis again. In sum, this area lacks a kind of reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low.Therefore, this area presses for exploitation a kind of reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low. Summary of the invention The object of the present invention is to provide reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low. In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method is provided, step comprises: Pigment Middle Chrome (a) 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the Pigment Middle Chrome presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid Pigment Middle Chrome dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, peregal 0 or its combination; (b) described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome. Description of drawings Fig. 1 is a Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method's of the present invention process flow sheet, and DMAS is the 2-DMAS, and inferior sodium is Sodium Nitrite, is Sulphanilic Acid to acid. Embodiment Pigment Middle Chrome The inventor by technological improvement production technique such as integrated use liquid-phase chromatographic analysis, phase-transfer catalysis, membrane sepn, meticulous reaction controls, forms the new production method of high purity Tatrazine through extensive and deep research.This production method comprise DMAS (2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters) under the effect of phase-transfer catalyst and gentle acid binding agent with mole number such as approximately to sour diazonium salt condensation; then with second part approximately wait mole number to sour diazonium salt in the coupling of pH6.5-8.0 scope; again in PH9.0-9.5,75-85 ℃ hydrolysis, after recrystallization, membrane sepn purification step and high purity is Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome.The contriver is surprised to find that, adopts method of the present invention, improves simultaneously except making Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome product purity and reaction yield, can also significantly reduce the content of organic impuritys such as unreacted intermediate and secondary dyestuff, reduces pollutent simultaneously and produces and discharging.Finished the present invention on this basis. Reaction process Pigment Middle Chrome (hereinafter referred to as to acid) diazotization reaction obtains the Pigment Middle Chrome diazonium salt. Pigment Middle Chrome Then, 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid Pigment Middle Chrome dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, paregal O or its combination; Then, described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome. Fig. 1 is a Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method's of the present invention process flow sheet, and DMAS is the 2-DMAS, and inferior sodium is Sodium Nitrite, is Sulphanilic Acid to acid. As shown in Figure 1, realize that Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method of the present invention comprises diazotization reaction, condensation reaction, coupled reaction, hydrolysis reaction and post-processing step, wherein each post-processing step comprises crystallisation step, membrane sepn step and drying step. Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome ly adopt general post-treating method to separate, as recrystallization method etc. It is Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome to adopt method of the present invention to prepare, overcome the defective that is easy to generate sodium self conjugates, make that respectively to go on foot unit process complete substantially, reduced the content of organic impuritys such as unreacted intermediate and secondary dyestuff, yield is obviously improved, reach 91.4%, (HPLC 238nm) reaches 99.5% to purity simultaneously.Quality index reaches U.S. FCC standard comprehensively.Thereby the Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome product that method of the present invention makes is as foodstuff additive, and its detrimental impurity content is few, therefore has higher food safety. Pigment Middle Chrome All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled Pigment Middle Chrome in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned teachings of the present invention, these equivalent form Pigment Middle Chrome of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally. Claims (9) Hide Dependent 1. Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method is characterized in that step comprises: (a) 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer Pigment Middle Chrome catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, peregal 0 or its combination; (b) described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Middle Chrome yellow. 2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Middle Chrome, phase-transfer catalyst is a poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 described in the step (a). 3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Middle Chrome, acid binding agent is selected from Sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium bicarbonate described in the step (a). 4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Middle Chrome, acid binding agent is a Sodium phosphate dibasic described in the step (a). 5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt described in the step (a) carries out diazotization reaction by Sulphanilic Acid and makes, and described phase-transfer catalyst adds in Pigment Middle Chrome diazotization reaction. 6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of step (b) is regulated Pigment Middle Chrome the pH value with the pH regulator agent before reaction be 1.0-2.0. 7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that Pigment Middle Chrome, described pH regulator agent is a Sodium phosphate dibasic. 8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises separating step in the step (b), and described separating step Pigment Middle Chrome comprises roughing out and purification step, and wherein said roughing out step adopts recrystallization method, and described purification step adopts membrane separation process. 9. Pigment Middle Chrome method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the employing molecular weight cut-off is 350 tubular type nanofiltration membrane in the described membrane separation process. Description A toxic yellow artist's Pigment Middle Chrome containing Lead chromate sometimes mixed with Lead sulfate. Lead chromate can range in shade from Pigment Middle Chrome yellow to orange depending on its particle size, hydration state, and percent lead chromate. Pigment Middle Chrome yellow, which came on the market in early 1800s, is permanent to visible light, but can darken with exposure to UV radiation or Hydrogen sulfide. Pigment Middle Chrome yellow is used in industrial paints, some artist's paints and ceramic glazes. Other yellow chromate Pigment Middle Chrome s are sometimes also called Pigment Middle Chrome yellow. Strontium chromate, zinc chromate, and Barium chromate are pale yellow Pigment Middle Chrome s that are often mixed and called Pigment Middle Chrome yellow. Strontium chromate has more hiding power than the barium chromate. Zinc yellow is synthetically prepared zinc chromate. The pure material is stable and is used in oil and watercolor paints Pigment Middle Chrome. Pigment Middle Chrome Synonyms and Related Terms Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34; CI 77600; Chromgelb (Deut.); jaune de chrôme (Fr.); giallo cromo (It.); amarillo de cromo (Esp.); amarelo de crómio (Port.); Paris yellow; king's yellow; Vienna yellow; Pigment Middle Chrome yellow; jonquil Pigment Middle Chrome yellow; Cologne yellow; Leipzig yellow Pigment Middle Chrome yellow 305.TIF Other Properties Soluble in strong acids and alkalis. Insoluble in water. High birefringence. Monoclinic prism crystals. Composition PbCrO4 CAS 7758-97-6 Melting Point 844 Density 5.96 - 6.3 Molecular Weight mol. wt. = 323.2 Refractive Index 2.31; 2.49 Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN) 1344-37-2. The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 was identified in the categorization of the Domestic Substances List as a high priority for action under the Ministerial Challenge. The substance was identified as a high priority because it was considered to pose greatest potential for exposure (GPE) to individuals in Canada and had been classified by other agencies on the basis of carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity. The substance also met the ecological categorization criteria for persistence and inherent toxicity to aquatic organisms. Pigment Middle Chrome Therefore, this assessment of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 focuses on information relevant to the evaluation of both human health and ecological risks. In response to a notice issued under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 was reported to be manufactured in and imported into Canada. After exports, the amount remaining for use in this country ranged between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg. It is primarily used for plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. There were no empirical data identified regarding measured concentrations of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 in environmental media (i.e., air, water, soil and food) in Canada. Given the physical and chemical properties and sources of this substance, exposure to C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is expected to be negligible via drinking water, ambient air or consumer products. Exposure to the general population in Canada is expected to be predominantly from soils, although these exposures are expected to be low due to the primarily commercial use of the substance, very limited industrial releases, and the encapsulation and incorporation of the substance into a solid matrix. However, these exposures could not be quantified due to lack of measured concentrations. The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is considered persistent because it contains metal ions, lead (Pb2+) and the chromate (CrO4 2-) ions, which are considered to be infinitely persistent. Therefore, C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 meets the persistence criteria as set out in the Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations. The current state of the science does not allow for the unambiguous interpretation of the bioaccumulation potential of metalcontaining inorganic substances such as C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34. Experimental toxicity studies suggest that the substance is not hazardous to aquatic organisms at a loading rate (100 mg/L) that is considered to represent a reasonable environmental worst-case scenario. Additionally, considering its low solubility, it is unlikely that organisms associated with other compartments would be harmed by exposure to this substance. Based principally on the weight of evidence based classification of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 by the European Commission, and the assessment of hexavalent chromium and inorganic lead compounds by several national and international agencies, a critical effect for the 2 Screening Assessment CAS RN 1344-37-2 characterization of risk to human health is carcinogenicity. The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, together with lead chromate and C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Red 104, was carcinogenic in rats after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration and these animal studies are supported by epidemiological studies, which indicate an increased frequency of lung cancer in chromate Pigment Middle Chrome production workers. As well, C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 or its principal components were genotoxic in a limited number of in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. On the basis of the carcinogenicity of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, for which there may be a probability of harm at any level of exposure, it is concluded that C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. On the basis of ecological hazard and reported releases of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, it is concluded that this substance is not entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that have or may have an immediate or long-term harmful effect on the environment or its biological diversity, or that constitute or may constitute a danger to the environment on which life depends. In addition and where relevant, research and monitoring will support verification of assumptions used during the screening assessment and, where appropriate, the performance of potential control measures identified during the risk management phase. Based on the information available, it is concluded that C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 meets one or more of the criteria set out in section 64 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 contains principally lead chromate (PbCrO4) and lead sulfate (PbSO4). The proportion of these individual moieties in the Pigment Middle Chrome must be considered when evaluating exposure to each of the constituent metals. The Pigment Middle Chrome Handbook (Lewis 1988) provides a range of composition percentages for the different constituents that are included in the second column of Table 3. Using these data with the molecular weights, the weight fractions of lead and chromate moieties are calculated for each constituent. Table 4 provides the total weight composition for each moiety by summing the contributions from each constituent. The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is not known to be naturally produced in the environment. The principal metallic components of this substance, lead and chromium, are naturally occurring and as such are considered infinitely persistent. Lead concentrations in the rock of the upper continental crust have been determined to range between 17 and 20 ppm; chromium concentrations have been determined to be approximately 35 ppm (Reimann and de Caritat 1998). As indicated in Table 2, these compounds are not highly soluble. However, while lead sulfate is present in the Pigment Middle Chrome at two-fold lower quantities, it is orders of magnitude more soluble. Therefore, lead sulfate may be a more significant source of dissolved lead from C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, despite being present in smaller quantities. However, there are various grades of Pigment Middle Chrome s including those in which the Pigment Middle Chrome is encapsulated in a dense amorphous silica coating, which significantly reduces its solubility and bioavailability (Lewis 1988). Based on a survey conducted under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 was both manufactured in and imported into Canada (Environment Canada 2007b). Based on an exportation rate of around 75% of all substance manufactured (Environment Canada 2007a), between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg of this substance would be remaining for use in this country. Uses According to the Color Pigment Middle Chrome s Manufacturers Association, the significant applications for these Pigment Middle Chrome s in Canada are plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and a very limited number of commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. For example, these Pigment Middle Chrome s are used for applications that require safety attributes such as high visibility and so are used in traffic paint striping for highways and airports, and safety identification paints on buses, ambulances and fire trucks. Industrial paints using lead chromate Pigment Middle Chrome s include automotive finishes, industrial and agricultural equipment, industrial baking enamels and air-dried finishes (Environment Canada 2007a). 10 Screening Assessment CAS RN 1344-37-2 The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is not used in consumer paints because the Canadian Hazardous Products Act prohibits furniture and other articles for children that are painted with a surface coating material that contains lead compounds of which the total lead content is more than 600 mg/kg (Canada 2005a). A concentration greater than 600 mg/kg would be required technically to manufacture a paint coloured with this substance (Environment Canada 2007a). The Hazardous Products Act also prohibits toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play and pencils and artists’ brushes that have had a surface coating material applied to them that contains more than 600 mg/kg of total lead (Canada 2005a). The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is not known to be naturally produced in the environment. The principal metallic components of this substance, lead and chromium, are naturally occurring and as such are considered infinitely persistent. Lead concentrations in the rock of the upper continental crust have been determined to range between 17 and 20 ppm; chromium concentrations have been determined to be approximately 35 ppm (Reimann and de Caritat 1998). As indicated in Table 2, these compounds are not highly soluble. However, while lead sulfate is present in the Pigment Middle Chrome at two-fold lower quantities, it is orders of magnitude more soluble. Therefore, lead sulfate may be a more significant source of dissolved lead from C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, despite being present in smaller quantities. However, there are various grades of Pigment Middle Chrome s including those in which the Pigment Middle Chrome is encapsulated in a dense amorphous silica coating, which significantly reduces its solubility and bioavailability (Lewis 1988). Based on a survey conducted under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 was both manufactured in and imported into Canada (Environment Canada 2007b). Based on an exportation rate of around 75% of all substance manufactured (Environment Canada 2007a), between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg of this substance would be remaining for use in this country. Uses According to the Color Pigment Middle Chrome s Manufacturers Association, the significant applications for these Pigment Middle Chrome s in Canada are plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and a very limited number of commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. For example, these Pigment Middle Chrome s are used for applications that require safety attributes such as high visibility and so are used in traffic paint striping for highways and airports, and safety identification paints on buses, ambulances and fire trucks. Industrial paints using lead chromate Pigment Middle Chrome s include automotive finishes, industrial and agricultural equipment, industrial baking enamels and air-dried finishes (Environment Canada 2007a). 10 Screening Assessment CAS RN 1344-37-2 The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is not used in consumer paints because the Canadian Hazardous Products Act prohibits furniture and other articles for children that are painted with a surface coating material that contains lead compounds of which the total lead content is more than 600 mg/kg (Canada 2005a). A concentration greater than 600 mg/kg would be required technically to manufacture a paint coloured with this substance (Environment Canada 2007a). The Hazardous Products Act also prohibits toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play and pencils and artists’ brushes that have had a surface coating material applied to them that contains more than 600 mg/kg of total lead (Canada 2005a).

Pigment Red 170 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 170 является пигментом на основе азо, характеризуется своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Red 170 — C22H16N2O4, и он широко используется в различных промышленных приложениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 2786-76-7
Номер EC: 220-509-3

Синонимы: Naphthol Red F5RK, Permanent Red F5RK, CI Pigment Red 170, Fast Red F5RK, Permanent Red 170, Pigment Scarlet 170, Naphthol Scarlet F5RK, CI 12475, Fast Scarlet F5RK, Permanent Scarlet 170, CI Pigment Scarlet F5RK, Fast Red F5RK, Naphthol Scarlet 170, Permanent Scarlet F5RK, Pigment Scarlet F5RK, Fast Scarlet 170, Permanent Naphthol Red F5RK, CI Pigment Red 170, Fast Scarlet F5RK, Permanent Naphthol Scarlet 170, Naphthol Red 170, Fast Naphthol Red F5RK, Permanent Naphthol Scarlet F5RK, Pigment Red F5RK, Permanent Red 5RK, Fast Naphthol Scarlet F5RK, Permanent Naphthol Red 170, Pigment Red 170, CI 12475, Naphthol Red F5RK



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Red 170 широко используется в производстве красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную цветовую силу и непрозрачность.
Pigment Red 170 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.
Pigment Red 170 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.

Pigment Red 170 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных чернил благодаря своему яркому цвету.
Pigment Red 170 используется в автомобильных покрытиях благодаря своей отличной прочности.
Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, способствуя ярким и насыщенным оттенкам.

Pigment Red 170 используется в водоэмульсионных красках благодаря своей стабильности и яркости.
Pigment Red 170 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 170 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в яркие красные оттенки.

Pigment Red 170 применяется в производстве резиновых материалов благодаря своей стойкости к выцветанию.
Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Red 170 используется в косметической промышленности для таких продуктов, как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Red 170 используется в создании красок и материалов для художников.
Pigment Red 170 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пластмасс, способствуя ярким и долговечным цветам в различных пластиковых продуктах.
Pigment Red 170 используется в формулировании клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая стабильную окраску и стабильность.

Pigment Red 170 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве красок для художников, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета для произведений искусства.
Pigment Red 170 необходим для создания высококачественных печатных чернил.

Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечную и стабильную окраску.
Pigment Red 170 применяется в автомобильной промышленности для высокоэффективных покрытий и отделок.
Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве морилок и отделок для древесины, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве специализированных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Red 170 применяется в формулировании клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Red 170 является ключевым ингредиентом в производстве красителей для пластмасс.

Pigment Red 170 применяется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Red 170 используется в резиновой промышленности для окрашивания резиновых изделий.
Pigment Red 170 необходим для производства художественных материалов.

Pigment Red 170 является важным компонентом в водоэмульсионных и растворимых системах.
Pigment Red 170 применяется в создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 170 используется в формулировании бытовых и промышленных чистящих средств.

Pigment Red 170 применяется в производстве специализированных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Red 170 используется в создании специализированных чернил для различных применений.
Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Red 170 применяется в создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Red 170 используется в формулировании покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Red 170 необходим для производства покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 170 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных чернил.
Pigment Red 170 применяется в создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве специализированных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Red 170 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных субстратов.
Pigment Red 170 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Red 170 является ключевым компонентом в производстве специализированных чернил для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Red 170 используется в создании специализированных чернил для цифровой печати.
Pigment Red 170 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Red 170 используется в производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 170 используется в создании продуктов на водной и растворимой основе.
Pigment Red 170 является критическим ингредиентом в формулировании специализированных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Red 170 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 170 является пигментом на основе азо, характеризуется своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Red 170 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C22H16N2O4.
Pigment Red 170 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 170 обеспечивает отличную термостабильность, делая его подходящим для применения при высоких температурах.

Pigment Red 170 известен своей высокой окрашивающей способностью и высокой непрозрачностью, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Red 170 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, увеличивая его универсальность в различных формулах.
Pigment Red 170 широко используется в производстве покрытий, пластмасс, чернил и текстиля, среди прочих.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Red 170 делает его безопасным для использования в приложениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищей, и детскими продуктами.
Pigment Red 170 обладает отличной погодоустойчивостью, делая его подходящим для наружного применения.
Pigment Red 170 известен своей легкостью диспергирования, обеспечивая равномерную окраску в различных системах.

Яркий красный оттенок Pigment Red 170 делает его предпочтительным выбором для создания ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Red 170 является важным предшественником в создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Red 170 необходим для производства долговечных и ярких цветных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая Формула: C22H16N2O4
Общее Название: Pigment Red 170
Молекулярная Структура: C22H16N2O4
Молекулярная Масса: 372.38 г/моль
Внешний Вид: Ярко-красный порошок
Плотность: 1.5 г/см³
Температура Плавления: >300°C
Температура Кипения: Не применяется (разлагается)
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: Отличная
Термостабильность: Высокая
Непрозрачность: Высокая
Окрашивающая Способность: Сильная
Погодоустойчивость: Отличная
Диспергируемость: Легкая



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


При Вдыхании:
При вдыхании Pigment Red 170, немедленно переместите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затруднения дыхания сохраняются, немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек не дышит, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Содержите пострадавшего в тепле и покое.

При Контакте с Кожей:
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно вымойте пораженный участок кожи водой с мылом.
Если развивается раздражение или сыпь, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Постирайте загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

При Контакте с Глазами:
Промойте глаза большим количеством воды в течение как минимум 15 минут, приподнимая верхние и нижние веки.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если раздражение или покраснение сохраняется.
Снимите контактные линзы, если они есть и их легко снять; продолжайте промывать.

При Проглатывании:
Не вызывайте рвоту, если только это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно прополощите рот водой.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек в сознании, дайте ему маленькие глотки воды.

Примечание для Врачей:
Лечите симптоматически.
Нет специфического антидота.
Обеспечьте поддерживающую терапию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:
Персональная Защита:
Носите соответствующее личное защитное оборудование (ЛЗО), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Используйте респираторную защиту, если вентиляция недостаточна или превышены пределы воздействия.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию в рабочей зоне для контроля концентрации в воздухе ниже профессиональных пределов воздействия.
Используйте местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные средства для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегайте прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите при обращении с Pigment Red 170.
Тщательно мойте руки после обращения.

Процедуры При Разливах и Утечках:
Используйте соответствующее личное защитное оборудование.
Сдерживайте разливы для предотвращения дальнейшего распространения и минимизации воздействия.
Поглотите разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и соберите для утилизации.

Хранение:
Храните Pigment Red 170 в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом месте, вдали от несовместимых материалов (см. паспорт безопасности для конкретных деталей).
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Храните вдали от источников тепла, прямого солнечного света и источников воспламенения.

Предостережения При Обращении:
Избегайте образования пыли.
Заземляйте и соединяйте контейнеры при операциях переноса для предотвращения накопления статического электричества.
Используйте взрывозащищенное электрооборудование в зонах, где может присутствовать пыль.


Хранение:

Температура:
Храните Pigment Red 170 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегайте воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Используйте одобренные контейнеры, изготовленные из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверяйте контейнеры на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Храните Pigment Red 170 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для Обращения:
Используйте специализированное оборудование для обращения с Pigment Red 170, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедитесь, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Меры Безопасности:
Ограничьте доступ к зонам хранения.
Следуйте всем применимым местным нормативам относительно хранения опасных материалов.

Аварийный Ответ:
Иметь под рукой оборудование и материалы для аварийного реагирования, включая материалы для уборки разливов, огнетушители и аварийные станции промывки глаз.

Naphthol Red (Pigment red 170 or PR170) PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) is an organic pigment extensively used in automotive coatings and painting.It is produced synthetically by converting p-aminobenzamide into the corresponding diazonium compound followed by diazotation with 3-hydroxy-2-naphththoic acid (2-ethoxy)anilide ("Naphtol AS-PH" dye precursor).Synthesis of Pigment red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) In the solid state the hydrazo tautomer forms and several crystal structures exist. In the initial α polymorph the molecules are arranged in a herringbone pattern with extensive hydrogen bonding. The φ polymorph is more dense and more stable and produced industrially by thermal treatment in water at 130°C under pressure. In this phase the molecules are planar and arranged in layers. Extensive hydrogen bonding exists within the layer but between layers the only interactions are Van der Waals forces. Dense crystal structures are preferred for pigments used in coatings because in the event of photochemical decomposition the fragments are locked in place and are able to recombine. Research shows that by replacing the ethoxy group in this compound by a methoxy group the crystal structure is less stable and in the final application and the color fades more easily. By careful selection of substituents it is possible to optimize crystal structure and improve optical properties [1].Pigment Red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) is a very strong and brilliant bluish red pigment with good lightfastness and high transparency. Application of pigment red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PIGMENT KIRMIZISI) is fiber and polyolefins. There are two grade P.R.170, one is F3RK and the other is F5RK. Both are halogen-free, F3RK is high hiding power yellowish and F5RK is transparent bluish. F3RK could use in PVC while could bloom in flexible PVC, more solvent resistance, mostly used in coating, could blend with quinacridone and molybdate orange. F5RK could not be used in PVC. PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Chemistry PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Synonym name: Fast Red F5RK, Red FR3K, C.I.Pigment Red 170, P.R.170, PR 170, PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PIGMENT KIRMIZISI) C.I.12475 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) CAS Number: 2786-76-7 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) EU Number: 220-509-3 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Chemical Family: Mono azo PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Chemical Structure Brief: Introduce the different between Red 170 F3RK and F5RK. Key Words: Pigment Red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Crystal Modification Origo Chemical Several days ago, I saw a question on internet that he is asking “ what’s difference between Red 170 F3RK and F5RK”. Well, I think the grades name F3RK and F5RK is the most popular and well-known within all organic pigments. As nowadays, almost each producers suppliers or dealers have their own symbol to each grades pigments, and they are quite different between different companies. But one thing in common is that, they normally keep Red 170 as 3RK or 5RK. Even include Ourselves, for naming the Pigment Red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI), we firstly separated it into 3RK and 5RK, or even 2RK. And then we will modify the name of 3RK and 5RK with some postfix according the shade or some specific properties. For example, for a waterbased application Red 170, we might named it as Origo Red 170 F3RK-WB, I guess most suppliers doing this quite similar. Here I’m introducing the difference between 3RK and 5RK. Pigment Red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) is a Naphthol AS pigment, and the commercial available types which are made from two kinds of crystal modifications, differ primarily in terms of opacity. Actually Red 170 is known in 3 types crystal modifications, α, β, γ. a type is dull and not commercial valuable; B type has attractive gloss and transparent, use for inks and coatings; r type also has good gloss, and opaque than b type, widely use for Coatings and Plastics. In the production of Organic Pigments, normally a step naming Coupling Reaction. The the basic different came since the sightly different of Coupling Reaction. Once the coupling reaction is in the environment of water, the products being a type crystal modification. Once the coupling reaction is in fatty alcohols, that achieved β form. Simply introduce as below The opacity kinds we common class into 3RK, and some yellowish than transparent version, The transparent version we class into 5RK, it’s sightly bluer. The very opaque modification is much more stable to a variety of agents than the more transparent type. The opaque type is, for instance, slightly more resistant to organic solvents than the transparent one. It should be noted, however, that even transparent varieties are very resistant to solvents, compared to other members of this class of pigments. I hope the above introduction would help involved concern better understanding the 3RK or 5RK. Fast Red F2RK is a purer, yellowish shade, it is even more opaque, better light and weather fastness than Fast Red F3RK. Recommended for inks, PVC, Fibre, PP, PE, textile printing, industrial paint and OEM paint. Suggested for PU,RUB, PS, PC,PA, Decorative paint, powder coating, coil coating. PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Fast Red F2RK PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Product Description PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Color Index Pigment Red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) C.I. No. 42475 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) CAS No. 2786-76-7 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) EC No. 220-509-3 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Chemical Family Mono azo PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Technical Properties PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Application PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Physical Date PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Density ( g/cm3) 1.5 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Moisture (%) ≤1.0 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Water Soluble Matter (%) ≤1.0 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Oil Absorption (ml/100g) 35-45 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Electric Conductivity (us/cm) ≤500 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Fineness (120mesh) ≤5.0 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK ((PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) PH Value 6.5-7.5 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Thick Color Light Color PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Fastness Properties(5=Execllent, 1=Poor) PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Acid Resistance 5 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Alkali Resistance 5 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Alcohol Resistance 5 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Ester Resistance 5 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Benzene Resistance 5 Ketone Resistance - Soap Resistance - Bleeding Resistance 5 Migration Resistance - Heat Resistance ( ℃ ) 200 Light Fastness (8=Excellent) 8 Pigment Red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Name:C.I.Pigment Red 170,C.I.12475 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Molecular Structure: Single azo C.I.Pigment Red 170,C.I.12475,CAS 2786-76-7,454.48,C26H22N4O4,Pigment Red 5R,Pigment Red GL,Pigment Red GL-HB,Pigment Red GL-HR,Permanent Red F5RK,Naphthol Red,Aquanyl P Red F5RK-A,Cartaren Red F5RK,Flexonyl Red F5RK 100,Graphtol Red F3RK,Graphtol Red F5RK,Naphthanil Red RT,Novoperm Red F2RK C.I.Pigment Red 170,C.I.12475,CAS 2786-76-7,454.48,C26H22N4O4,Pigment Red 5R,Pigment Red GL,Pigment Red GL-HB,Pigment Red GL-HR,Permanent Red F5RK,Naphthol Red,Aquanyl P Red F5RK-A,Cartaren Red F5RK,Flexonyl Red F5RK 100,Graphtol Red F3RK,Graphtol Red F5RK,Naphthanil Red RT,Novoperm Red F2RK PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Molecular Formula:C26H22N4O4 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Molecular Weight: 454.48 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) CAS Registry Number:2786-76-7 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Manufacturing Methods : 4-Aminobenzamide diazotization, and N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthamide coupling. PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Properties and Applications: blue light red. Blue light red powder. Insoluble in water, acid and alkali resistant. In general organic solvent insoluble, has good fastness. The structure has two kinds of crystal type. Suitable for advanced coating use, mainly used for tools, automobile coatings and coating for equipment manufacturing, it can also be used for PVC printing ink and packaging printing coating use, this product way for polypropylene, viscose fiber, vinegar of protoplasm coloring. Suitable for PVC, PE plastic coloring PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Light Fastness Heat resistance(℃ ) Sodium carbonate(5%) Muriatic acid(5%) Oleic acid PVC migration Soap micelle bleeding Melting point Stable 6-7 160 5 5 5 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Related Information Pigment Red 170 is a new type of pigment that has recently come out. It has blue light red, and has stronger blue light than Pigment Red 170 and Pigment Red 210. Its application performance is not as good as Pigment Red 170, such as low light resistance of 0.5-1, sensitive to varnish and sterilization, and other properties are similar (such as tinting power, gloss and transparency). Mainly used in coatings and solvent printing inks, water-based printing inks, fabric printing and dyeing. This pigment variety gives neutral red and has two crystal types; transparent type is blue light red with light fastness of level 6; non-transparent type has light fastness of level 7; high hiding power; more stable to solvents; The specific surface area of ​​70 is 23m2 / g; it is mainly used for coatings, and can be mixed with molybdenum chromium orange and quinacridone; transparent type is recommended. Aliases: 12474; C.I. Pigment Red 120; C.I. Pigment Red 170(4E)-4-[(4-carbamoylphenyl)hydrazono]-N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2-carboxamide; 4-[(E)-(4-carbamoylphenyl)diazenyl]-N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide. PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Naphthol Red F3RK (C.I.Pigment Red 170) is recommended for water based inks, solvent based paint, water based paint, plastic and rubber, select for solvent based inks, textile printing. PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Pigment Red 170 (SMR-L1750A) is an organic pigment with the CI #:12475, PR170. It is mono azo pigment powder, with good lightfastness and good heat resistance of 280℃. It is good use in automotive coatings, decorative paints, printing inks, plastic and master batch. C.I. Pigment Red 170 (P.R. 170) PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) is one of the widely used organic pigments, and surface modification is essential to improve its thermal stability, and solvent resistance. In this work, hydrous alumina was coated onto P.R. 170 particles by hydrolysis of Al2(SO4)3, and different coating structures/morphologies were obtained including dots, floccules and films with different thickness. The influence of pH, temperature and Al2(SO4)3 content on the hydrous alumina coating structures were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ζ-potential analysis, and several spectroscopic techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pigment bleeding tests indicated that the thermal stability and solvent resistance of the pigments can be remarkably improved by a film coating, and this reveals that the consecutiveness and density of the coating layers should be the key factors for improvement of the organic pigments. We are identified as one of the celebrated Pigment Red 170 Exporters and Suppliers, based in India. Customers from all round the globe are placing repeated orders for the High PerformancePigment Red 170 as no alternative is available in terms of quality and performance. Additionally, customers are eased with the availability of the Powder Red 170 Pigment in varied grades meeting the requirements of the applications. PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Product Description PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Color Index Pigment Red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) Pigment Red 170 PIGMENT RED 170 F3RK (PİGMENT KIRMIZISI) affords medium to bluish red shade and exhibits good fastness properties. PR170 commercially distributes in two types which difference in crystal modifications, they are primarily different perform in opacity. The opaque version known as Pigment Red 170 F3RK, and the transparent version known as Red 170 F5RK. F5RK is much transparent than F5RK, and sightly bluer. However, F3RK is much more stable to such agents than F5RK. PR170 does not bloom but bleed in stoving enamels, opaque versions show better overcoating fastness than transparent versions. Both F3RK and F5RK are widely used for coatings, inks and plastics.

Pigment Red 176 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 176 является пигментом на основе азо, характеризуется своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Red 176 — C29H24Cl2N4O2, и он широко используется в различных промышленных приложениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 12246-61-8
Номер EC: 235-558-9

Синонимы: Benzimidazolone Maroon HR, Permanent Red HR, CI Pigment Red 176, Fast Red HR, Permanent Red 176, Pigment Scarlet 176, Benzimidazolone Scarlet HR, CI 12485, Fast Scarlet HR, Permanent Scarlet 176, CI Pigment Scarlet HR, Fast Red HR, Benzimidazolone Scarlet 176, Permanent Scarlet HR, Pigment Scarlet HR, Fast Scarlet 176, Permanent Benzimidazolone Red HR, CI Pigment Red 176, Fast Scarlet HR, Permanent Benzimidazolone Scarlet 176, Benzimidazolone Red 176, Fast Benzimidazolone Red HR, Permanent Benzimidazolone Scarlet HR, Pigment Red HR, Permanent Red HR, Fast Benzimidazolone Scarlet HR, Permanent Benzimidazolone Red 176, Pigment Red 176, CI 12485, Benzimidazolone Red HR



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Red 176 широко используется в производстве красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную цветовую силу и непрозрачность.
Pigment Red 176 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.
Pigment Red 176 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.

Pigment Red 176 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных чернил благодаря своему яркому цвету.
Pigment Red 176 используется в автомобильных покрытиях благодаря своей отличной прочности.
Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, способствуя ярким и насыщенным оттенкам.

Pigment Red 176 используется в водоэмульсионных красках благодаря своей стабильности и яркости.
Pigment Red 176 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 176 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в яркие красные оттенки.

Pigment Red 176 применяется в производстве резиновых материалов благодаря своей стойкости к выцветанию.
Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Red 176 используется в косметической промышленности для таких продуктов, как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Red 176 используется в создании красок и материалов для художников.
Pigment Red 176 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пластмасс, способствуя ярким и долговечным цветам в различных пластиковых продуктах.
Pigment Red 176 используется в формулировании клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая стабильную окраску и стабильность.

Pigment Red 176 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве красок для художников, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета для произведений искусства.
Pigment Red 176 необходим для создания высококачественных печатных чернил.

Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечную и стабильную окраску.
Pigment Red 176 применяется в автомобильной промышленности для высокоэффективных покрытий и отделок.
Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве морилок и отделок для древесины, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве специализированных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Red 176 применяется в формулировании клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Red 176 является ключевым ингредиентом в производстве красителей для пластмасс.

Pigment Red 176 применяется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Red 176 используется в резиновой промышленности для окрашивания резиновых изделий.
Pigment Red 176 необходим для производства художественных материалов.

Pigment Red 176 является важным компонентом в водоэмульсионных и растворимых системах.
Pigment Red 176 применяется в создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 176 используется в формулировании бытовых и промышленных чистящих средств.

Pigment Red 176 применяется в производстве специализированных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Red 176 используется в создании специализированных чернил для различных применений.
Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Red 176 применяется в создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Red 176 используется в формулировании покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Red 176 необходим для производства покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 176 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных чернил.
Pigment Red 176 применяется в создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве специализированных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Red 176 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных субстратов.
Pigment Red 176 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Red 176 является ключевым компонентом в производстве специализированных чернил для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Red 176 используется в создании специализированных чернил для цифровой печати.
Pigment Red 176 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Red 176 используется в производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 176 используется в создании продуктов на водной и раство��имой основе.
Pigment Red 176 является критическим ингредиентом в формулировании специализированных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Red 176 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 176 является пигментом на основе азо, характеризуется своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Red 176 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C29H24Cl2N4O2.
Pigment Red 176 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 176 обеспечивает отличную термостабильность, делая его подходящим для применения при высоких температурах.

Pigment Red 176 известен своей высокой окрашивающей способностью и высокой непрозрачностью, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Red 176 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, увеличивая его универсальность в различных формулах.
Pigment Red 176 широко используется в производстве покрытий, пластмасс, чернил и текстиля, среди прочих.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Red 176 делает его безопасным для использования в приложениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищей, и детскими продуктами.
Pigment Red 176 обладает отличной погодоустойчивостью, делая его подходящим для наружного применения.
Pigment Red 176 известен своей легкостью диспергирования, обеспечивая равномерную окраску в различных системах.

Яркий красный оттенок Pigment Red 176 делает его предпочтительным выбором для создания ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Red 176 является важным предшественником в создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Red 176 необходим для производства долговечных и ярких цветных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая Формула: C29H24Cl2N4O2
Общее Название: Pigment Red 176
Молекулярная Структура: C29H24Cl2N4O2
Молекулярная Масса: 535.43 г/моль
Внешний Вид: Ярко-красный порошок
Плотность: 1.5 г/см³
Температура Плавления: >300°C
Температура Кипения: Не применяется (разлагается)
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: Отличная
Термостабильность: Высокая
Непрозрачность: Высокая
Окрашивающая Способность: Сильная
Погодоустойчивость: Отличная
Диспергируемость: Легкая



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


При Вдыхании:
При вдыхании Pigment Red 176, немедленно переместите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затруднения дыхания сохраняются, немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек не дышит, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Содержите пострадавшего в тепле и покое.

При Контакте с Кожей:
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно вымойте пораженный участок кожи водой с мылом.
Если развивается раздражение или сыпь, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Постирайте загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

При Контакте с Глазами:
Промойте глаза большим количеством воды в течение как минимум 15 минут, приподнимая верхние и нижние веки.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если раздражение или покраснение сохраняется.
Снимите контактные линзы, если они есть и их легко снять; продолжайте промывать.

При Проглатывании:
Не вызывайте рвоту, если только это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно прополощите рот водой.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек в сознании, дайте ему маленькие глотки воды.

Примечание для Врачей:
Лечите симптоматически.
Нет специфического антидота.
Обеспечьте поддерживающую терапию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:

Персональная Защита:
Носите соответствующее личное защитное оборудование (ЛЗО), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Используйте респираторную защиту, если вентиляция недостаточна или превышены пределы воздействия.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию в рабочей зоне для контроля концентрации в воздухе ниже профессиональных пределов воздействия.
Используйте местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные средства для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегайте прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите при обращении с Pigment Red 176.
Тщательно мойте руки после обращения.

Процедуры При Разливах и Утечках:
Используйте соответствующее личное защитное оборудование.
Сдерживайте разливы для предотвращения дальнейшего распространения и минимизации воздействия.
Поглотите разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и соберите для утилизации.

Хранение:
Храните Pigment Red 176 в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом месте, вдали от несовместимых материалов (см. паспорт безопасности для конкретных деталей).
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Храните вдали от источников тепла, прямого солнечного света и источников воспламенения.

Предостережения При Обращении:
Избегайте образования пыли.
Заземляйте и соединяйте контейнеры при операциях переноса для предотвращения накопления статического электричества.
Используйте взрывозащищенное электрооборудование в зонах, где может присутствовать пыль.


Хранение:

Температура:
Храните Pigment Red 176 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегайте воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Используйте одобренные контейнеры, изготовленные из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверяйте контейнеры на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Храните Pigment Red 176 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для Обращения:
Используйте специализированное оборудование для обращения с Pigment Red 176, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедитесь, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Меры Безопасности:
Ограничьте доступ к зонам хранения.
Следуйте всем применимым местным нормативам относительно хранения опасных материалов.

Аварийный Ответ:
Иметь под рукой оборудование и материалы для аварийного реагирования, включая материалы для уборки разливов, огнетушители и аварийные станции промывки глаз.

Pigment Red 184 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 184 — это пигмент на основе хинакридона, характеризующийся стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Red 184 — C22H10N2O6, и он широко используется в различных промышленных приложениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 88949-33-1
Номер EC: 289-752-2

Синонимы: Quinacridone Red, Permanent Red 184, CI Pigment Red 184, Fast Red 184, Permanent Red E5B, Pigment Red E5B, Quinacridone Scarlet, CI 73915, Fast Scarlet E5B, Permanent Scarlet 184, CI Pigment Scarlet E5B, Fast Red E5B, Quinacridone Scarlet 184, Permanent Scarlet E5B, Pigment Scarlet E5B, Fast Scarlet 184, Permanent Quinacridone Red E5B, CI Pigment Red 184, Fast Quinacridone Scarlet E5B, Permanent Quinacridone Scarlet 184, Quinacridone Red 184, Fast Quinacridone Red E5B, Permanent Quinacridone Scarlet E5B, Pigment Red E5B, Permanent Red E5B, Fast Quinacridone Scarlet E5B, Permanent Quinacridone Red 184, Pigment Red 184, CI 73915, Quinacridone Red E5B



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Red 184 широко используется в производстве красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную цветовую силу и непрозрачность.
Pigment Red 184 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.
Pigment Red 184 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.

Pigment Red 184 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных чернил благодаря своему яркому цвету.
Pigment Red 184 используется в автомобильных покрытиях благодаря своей отличной прочности.
Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, способствуя ярким и насыщенным оттенкам.

Pigment Red 184 используется в водоэмульсионных красках благодаря своей стабильности и яркости.
Pigment Red 184 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 184 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в яркие красные оттенки.

Pigment Red 184 применяется в производстве резиновых материалов благодаря своей стойкости к выцветанию.
Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Red 184 используется в косметической промышленности для таких продуктов, как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Red 184 используется в создании красок и материалов для художников.
Pigment Red 184 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пластмасс, способствуя ярким и долговечным цветам в различных пластиковых продуктах.
Pigment Red 184 используется в формулировании клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая стабильную окраску и стабильность.

Pigment Red 184 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве красок для художников, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета для произведений искусства.
Pigment Red 184 необходим для создания высококачественных печатных чернил.

Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечную и стабильную окраску.
Pigment Red 184 применяется в автомобильной промышленности для высокоэффективных покрытий и отделок.
Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве морилок и отделок для древесины, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве специализированных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Red 184 применяется в формулировании клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Red 184 является ключевым ингредиентом в производстве красителей для пластмасс.

Pigment Red 184 применяется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Red 184 используется в резиновой промышленности для окрашивания резиновых изделий.
Pigment Red 184 необходим для производства художественных материалов.

Pigment Red 184 является важным компонентом в водоэмульсионных и растворимых системах.
Pigment Red 184 применяется в создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 184 используется в формулировании бытовых и промышленных чистящих средств.

Pigment Red 184 применяется в производстве специализированных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Red 184 используется в создании специализированных чернил для различных применений.
Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Red 184 применяется в создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Red 184 используется в формулировании покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Red 184 необходим для производства покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 184 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных чернил.
Pigment Red 184 применяется в создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве специализированных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Red 184 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных субстратов.
Pigment Red 184 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Red 184 является ключевым компонентом в производстве специализированных чернил для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Red 184 используется в создании специализированных чернил для цифровой печати.
Pigment Red 184 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Red 184 используется в производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 184 используется в создании продуктов на водной и растворимой основе.
Pigment Red 184 является критическим ингредиентом в формулировании специализированных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Red 184 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 184 — это пигмент на основе хинакридона, характеризующийся стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Red 184 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C22H10N2O6.
Pigment Red 184 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 184 обеспечивает отличную термостабильность, делая его подходящим для применения при высоких температурах.

Pigment Red 184 известен своей высокой окрашивающей способностью и высокой непрозрачностью, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Red 184 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, увеличивая его универсальность в различных формулах.
Pigment Red 184 широко используется в производстве покрытий, пластмасс, чернил и текстиля, среди прочих.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Red 184 делает его безопасным для использования в приложениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищей, и детскими продуктами.
Pigment Red 184 обладает отличной погодоустойчивостью, делая его подходящим для наружного применения.
Pigment Red 184 известен своей легкостью диспергирования, обеспечивая равномерную окраску в различных системах.

Яркий красный оттенок Pigment Red 184 делает его предпочтительным выбором для создания ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Red 184 является важным предшественником в создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Red 184 необходим для производства долговечных и ярких цветных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая Формула: C22H10N2O6
Общее Название: Pigment Red 184
Молекулярная Структура: C22H10N2O6
Молекулярная Масса: 398.32 г/моль
Внешний Вид: Ярко-красный порошок
Плотность: 1.5 г/см³
Температура Плавления: >300°C
Температура Кипения: Не применяется (разлагается)
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: Отличная
Термостабильность: Высокая
Непрозрачность: Высокая
Окрашивающая Способность: Сильная
Погодоустойчивость: Отличная
Диспергируемость: Легкая



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


При Вдыхании:
При вдыхании Pigment Red 184, немедленно переместите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затруднения дыхания сохраняются, немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек не дышит, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Содержите пострадавшего в тепле и покое.

При Контакте с Кожей:
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно вымойте пораженный участок кожи водой с мылом.
Если развивается раздражение или сыпь, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Постирайте загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

При Контакте с Глазами:
Промойте глаза большим количеством воды в течение как минимум 15 минут, приподнимая верхние и нижние веки.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если раздражение или покраснение сохраняется.
Снимите контактные линзы, если они есть и их легко снять; продолжайте промывать.

При Проглатывании:
Не вызывайте рвоту, если только это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно прополощите рот водой.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек в сознании, дайте ему маленькие глотки воды.

Примечание для Врачей:
Лечите симптоматически.
Нет специфического антидота.
Обеспечьте поддерживающую терапию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:

Персональная Защита:
Носите соответствующее личное защитное оборудование (ЛЗО), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Используйте респираторную защиту, если вентиляция недостаточна или превышены пределы воздействия.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию в рабочей зоне для контроля концентрации в воздухе ниже профессиональных пределов воздействия.
Используйте местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные средства для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегайте прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите при обращении с Pigment Red 184.
Тщательно мойте руки после обращения.

Процедуры При Разливах и Утечках:
Используйте соответствующее личное защитное оборудование.
Сдерживайте разливы для предотвращения дальнейшего распространения и минимизации воздействия.
Поглотите разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и соберите для утилизации.

Хранение:
Храните Pigment Red 184 в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом месте, вдали от несовместимых материалов (см. паспорт безопасности для конкретных деталей).
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Храните вдали от источников тепла, прямого солнечного света и источников воспламенения.

Предостережения При Обращении:
Избегайте образования пыли.
Заземляйте и соединяйте контейнеры при операциях переноса для предотвращения накопления статического электричества.
Используйте взрывозащищенное электрооборудование в зонах, где может присутствовать пыль.


Хранение:

Температура:
Храните Pigment Red 184 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегайте воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Используйте одобренные контейнеры, изготовленные из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверяйте контейнеры на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Храните Pigment Red 184 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для Обращения:
Используйте специализированное оборудование для обращения с Pigment Red 184, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедитесь, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Мер�� Безопасности:
Ограничьте доступ к зонам хранения.
Следуйте всем применимым местным нормативам относительно хранения опасных материалов.

Аварийный Ответ:
Иметь под рукой оборудование и материалы для аварийного реагирования, включая материалы для уборки разливов, огнетушители и аварийные станции промывки глаз.

Pigment Red 266 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 266 — это пигмент на основе хинакридона, характеризующийся стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Red 266 — C23H14Cl2N2O2, и он широко используется в различных промышленных приложениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 67990-02-3
Номер EC: 268-270-7

Синонимы: Irgazin Red BPT, Permanent Red BPT, CI Pigment Red 266, Fast Red BPT, Permanent Red 266, Pigment Scarlet 266, Quinacridone Scarlet BPT, CI 73915, Fast Scarlet BPT, Permanent Scarlet 266, CI Pigment Scarlet BPT, Fast Red BPT, Quinacridone Scarlet 266, Permanent Scarlet BPT, Pigment Scarlet BPT, Fast Scarlet 266, Permanent Quinacridone Red BPT, CI Pigment Red 266, Fast Quinacridone Scarlet BPT, Permanent Quinacridone Scarlet 266, Quinacridone Red 266, Fast Quinacridone Red BPT, Permanent Quinacridone Scarlet BPT, Pigment Red BPT, Permanent Red BPT, Fast Quinacridone Scarlet BPT, Permanent Quinacridone Red 266, Pigment Red 266, CI 73915, Quinacridone Red BPT



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Red 266 широко используется в производстве красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную цветовую силу и непрозрачность.
Pigment Red 266 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.
Pigment Red 266 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.

Pigment Red 266 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных чернил благодаря своему яркому цвету.
Pigment Red 266 используется в автомобильных покрытиях благодаря своей отличной прочности.
Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, способствуя ярким и насыщенным оттенкам.

Pigment Red 266 используется в водоэмульсионных красках благодаря своей стабильности и яркости.
Pigment Red 266 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 266 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в яркие красные оттенки.

Pigment Red 266 применяется в производстве резиновых материалов благодаря своей стойкости к выцветанию.
Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Red 266 используется в косметической промышленности для таких продуктов, как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Red 266 используется в создании красок и материалов для художников.
Pigment Red 266 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пластмасс, способствуя ярким и долговечным цветам в различных пластиковых продуктах.
Pigment Red 266 используется в формулировании клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая стабильную окраску и стабильность.

Pigment Red 266 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве красок для художников, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета для произведений искусства.
Pigment Red 266 необходим для создания высококачественных печатных чернил.

Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечную и стабильную окраску.
Pigment Red 266 применяется в автомобильной промышленности для высокоэффективных покрытий и отделок.
Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве морилок и отделок для древесины, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве специализированных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Red 266 применяется в формулировании клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Red 266 является ключевым ингредиентом в производстве красителей для пластмасс.

Pigment Red 266 применяется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Red 266 используется в резиновой промышленности для окрашивания резиновых изделий.
Pigment Red 266 необходим для производства художественных материалов.

Pigment Red 266 является важным компонентом в водоэмульсионных и растворимых системах.
Pigment Red 266 применяется в создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 266 используется в формулировании бытовых и промышленных чистящих средств.

Pigment Red 266 применяется в производстве специализированных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Red 266 используется в создании специализированных чернил для различных применений.
Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Red 266 применяется в создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Red 266 используется в формулировании покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Red 266 необходим для производства покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 266 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных чернил.
Pigment Red 266 применяется в создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве специализированных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Red 266 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных субстратов.
Pigment Red 266 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Red 266 является ключевым компонентом в производстве специализированных чернил для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Red 266 используется в создании специализированных чернил для цифровой печати.
Pigment Red 266 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Red 266 используется в производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 266 используется в создании продуктов на водной и растворимой основе.
Pigment Red 266 является критическим ингредиентом в формулировании специализированных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Red 266 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 266 — это пигмент на основе хинакридона, характеризующийся стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Red 266 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C23H14Cl2N2O2.
Pigment Red 266 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 266 обеспечивает отличную термостабильность, делая его подходящим для применения при высоких температурах.

Pigment Red 266 известен своей высокой окрашивающей способностью и высокой непрозрачностью, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Red 266 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, увеличивая его универсальность в различных формулах.
Pigment Red 266 широко используется в производстве покрытий, пластмасс, чернил и текстиля, среди прочих.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Red 266 делает его безопасным для использования в приложениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищей, и детскими продуктами.
Pigment Red 266 обладает отличной погодоустойчивостью, делая его подходящим для наружного применения.
Pigment Red 266 известен своей легкостью диспергирования, обеспечивая равномерную окраску в различных системах.

Яркий красный оттенок Pigment Red 266 делает его предпочтительным выбором для создания ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Red 266 является важным предшественником в создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Red 266 необходим для производства долговечных и ярких цветных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая Формула: C23H14Cl2N2O2
Общее Название: Pigment Red 266
Молекулярная Структура: C23H14Cl2N2O2
Молекулярная Масса: 421.28 г/моль
Внешний Вид: Ярко-красный порошок
Плотность: 1.5 г/см³
Температура Плавления: >300°C
Температура Кипения: Не применяется (разлагается)
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: Отличная
Термостабильность: Высокая
Непрозрачность: Высокая
Окрашивающая Способность: Сильная
Погодоустойчивость: Отличная
Диспергируемость: Легкая



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


При Вдыхании:
При вдыхании Pigment Red 266, немедленно переместите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затруднения дыхания сохраняются, немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек не дышит, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Содержите пострадавшего в тепле и покое.

При Контакте с Кожей:
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно вымойте пораженный участок кожи водой с мылом.
Если развивается раздражение или сыпь, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Постирайте загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

При Контакте с Глазами:
Промойте глаза большим количеством воды в течение как минимум 15 минут, приподнимая верхние и нижние веки.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если раздражение или покраснение сохраняется.
Снимите контактные линзы, если они есть и их легко снять; продолжайте промывать.

При Проглатывании:
Не вызывайте рвоту, если только это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно прополощите рот водой.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек в сознании, дайте ему маленькие глотки воды.

Примечание для Врачей:
Лечите симптоматически.
Нет специфического антидота.
Обеспечьте поддерживающую терапию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:

Персональная Защита:
Носите соответствующее личное защитное оборудование (ЛЗО), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Используйте респираторную защиту, если вентиляция недостаточна или превышены пределы воздействия.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию в рабочей зоне для контроля концентрации в воздухе ниже профессиональных пределов воздействия.
Используйте местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные средства для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегайте прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите при обращении с Pigment Red 266.
Тщательно мойте руки после обращения.

Процедуры При Разливах и Утечках:
Используйте соответствующее личное защитное оборудование.
Сдерживайте разливы для предотвращения дальнейшего распространения и минимизации воздействия.
Поглотите разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и соберите для утилизации.

Хранение:
Храните Pigment Red 266 в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом месте, вдали от несовместимых материалов (см. паспорт безопасности для конкретных деталей).
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Храните вдали от источников тепла, прямого солнечного света и источников воспламенения.

Предостережения При Обращении:
Избегайте образования пыли.
Заземляйте и соединяйте контейнеры при операциях переноса для предотвращения накопления статического электричества.
Используйте взрывозащищенное электрооборудование в зонах, где может присутствовать пыль.


Хранение:

Температура:
Храните Pigment Red 266 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегайте воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Используйте одобренные контейнеры, изготовленные из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверяйте контейнеры на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Храните Pigment Red 266 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для Обращения:
Используйте специализированное оборудование для обращения с Pigment Red 266, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедитесь, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Меры Безопасности:
Ограничьте доступ к зонам хранения.
Следуйте всем применимым местным нормативам относительно хранения опасных материалов.

Аварийный Ответ:
Иметь под рукой оборудование и материалы для аварийного реагирования, включая материалы для уборки разливов, огнетушители и аварийные станции промывки глаз.

Pigment Red 81:2 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 81:2 — это пигмент на основе азо, характеризующийся стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Red 81:2 — C28H31ClN2O3, и он широко используется в различных промышленных применениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 12224-98-5
Номер EC: 235-558-5

Синонимы: Eosin Lake, Brilliant Eosin, CI Pigment Red 81:2, Fast Red 81:2, Permanent Red 81:2, Pigment Red 81, Pigment Red 81:1, Eosin Y, Eosin B, Lake Eosin, Carmine 3G, Brilliant Carmine, Rhodamine Lake, Fast Carmine, Rhodamine Red, CI 45380:2, Fast Scarlet, Fast Red, Bright Red 81:2, Brilliant Carmine 81:2, Fast Scarlet 81:2, Permanent Carmine, Pigment Carmine 81:2, CI Pigment Carmine 81:2, Permanent Rhodamine, Fast Rhodamine, Lake Red 81:2, Rhodamine Carmine, CI 45380:2, Permanent Carmine 81:2, Fast Scarlet 81, Brilliant Red 81:2, Lake Brilliant, Eosin Y Lake, Brilliant Red, Lake Scarlet, Lake Carmine, Lake Eosin Y, Brilliant Rhodamine, CI Pigment Scarlet 81:2, Fast Eosin, CI 45380:2, Pigment Scarlet 81:2, Eosin Scarlet



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Red 81:2 широко используется в производстве красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную цветовую силу и непрозрачность.
Pigment Red 81:2 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.

Pigment Red 81:2 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.
Pigment Red 81:2 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных чернил благодаря своему яркому цвету.

Pigment Red 81:2 используется в автомобильных покрытиях благодаря своей отличной прочности.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, способствуя ярким и насыщенным оттенкам.

Pigment Red 81:2 используется в водоэмульсионных красках благодаря своей стабильности и яркости.
Pigment Red 81:2 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в яркие красные оттенки.

Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в производстве резиновых материалов благодаря своей стойкости к выцветанию.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в косметической промышленности для таких продуктов, как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Red 81:2 используется в создании красок и материалов для художников.
Pigment Red 81:2 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пластмасс, способствуя ярким и долговечным цветам в различных пластиковых продуктах.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в формулировании клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая стабильную окраску и стабильность.

Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве красок для художников, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета для произведений искусства.

Pigment Red 81:2 необходим для создания высококачественных печатных чернил.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечную и стабильную окраску.

Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в автомобильной промышленности для высокоэффективных покрытий и отделок.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве морилок и отделок для древесины, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве специализированных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в формулировании клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Red 81:2 является ключевым ингредиентом в производстве красителей для пластмасс.

Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в резиновой промышленности для окрашивания резиновых изделий.
Pigment Red 81:2 необходим для производства художественных материалов.

Pigment Red 81:2 является важным компонентом в водоэмульсионных и растворимых системах.
Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в формулировании бытовых и промышленных чистящих средств.

Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в производстве специализированных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в создании специализированных чернил для различных применений.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в формулировании покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Red 81:2 необходим для производства покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 81:2 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных чернил.
Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве специализированных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Red 81:2 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных субстратов.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Red 81:2 является ключевым компонентом в производстве специализированных чернил для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в создании специализированных чернил для цифровой печати.
Pigment Red 81:2 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Red 81:2 используется в производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:2 используется в создании продуктов на водной и растворимой основе.
Pigment Red 81:2 является критическим ингредиентом в формулировании специализированных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Red 81:2 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 81:2 — это пигмент на основе азо, характеризующийся стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Red 81:2 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C28H31ClN2O3.
Pigment Red 81:2 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 81:2 обеспечивает отличную термостабильность, делая его подходящим для применения при высоких температурах.

Pigment Red 81:2 известен своей высокой окрашивающей способностью и высокой непрозрачностью, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Red 81:2 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, увеличивая его универсальность в различных формулах.
Pigment Red 81:2 широко используется в производстве покрытий, пластмасс, чернил и текстиля, среди прочих.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Red 81:2 делает его безопасным для использования в приложениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищей, и детскими продуктами.
Pigment Red 81:2 обладает отличной погодоустойчивостью, делая его подходящим для наружного применения.
Pigment Red 81:2 известен своей легкостью диспергирования, обеспечивая равномерную окраску в различных системах.

Яркий красный оттенок Pigment Red 81:2 делает его предпочтительным выбором для создания ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:2 является важным предшественником в создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Red 81:2 необходим для производства долговечных и ярких цветных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая Формула: C28H31ClN2O3
Общее Название: Pigment Red 81:2
Молекулярная Структура: C28H31ClN2O3
Молекулярная Масса: 478.01 г/моль
Внешний Вид: Ярко-красный порошок
Плотность: 1.4 г/см³
Температура Плавления: >300°C
Температура Кипения: Не применяется (разлагается)
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: Отличная
Термостабильность: Высокая
Непрозрачность: Высокая
Окрашивающая Способность: Сильная
Погодоустойчивость: Отличная
Диспергируемость: Легкая



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


При Вдыхании:
При вдыхании Pigment Red 81:2 немедленно переместите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затруднения дыхания сохраняются, немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек не дышит, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Содержите пострадавшего в тепле и покое.

При Контакте с Кожей:
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно вымойте пораженный участок кожи водой с мылом.
Если развивается раздражение или сыпь, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Постирайте загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

При Контакте с Глазами:
Промойте глаза большим количеством воды в течение как минимум 15 минут, приподнимая верхние и нижние веки.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если раздражение или покраснение сохраняется.
Снимите контактные линзы, если они есть и их легко снять; продолжайте промывать.

При Проглатывании:
Не вызывайте рвоту, если только это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно прополощите рот водой.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек в сознании, дайте ему маленькие глотки воды.

Примечание для Врачей:
Лечите симптоматически.
Нет специфического антидота.
Обеспечьте поддерживающую терапию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:

Персональная Защита:
Носите соответствующее личное защитное оборудование (ЛЗО), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Используйте респираторную защиту, если вентиляция недостаточна или превышены пределы воздействия.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию в рабочей зоне для контроля концентрации в воздухе ниже профессиональных пределов воздействия.
Используйте местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные средства для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегайте прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите при обращении с Pigment Red 81:2.
Тщательно мойте руки после обращения.

Процедуры При Разливах и Утечках:
Используйте соответствующее личное защитное оборудование.
Сдерживайте разливы для предотвращения дальнейшего распространения и минимизации воздействия.
Поглотите разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и соберите для утилизации.

Хранение:
Храните Pigment Red 81:2 в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом месте, вдали от несовместимых материалов (см. паспорт безопасности для конкретных деталей).
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Храните вдали от источников тепла, прямого солнечного света и источников воспламенения.

Предосторожности При Обращении:
Избегайте образования пыли.
Заземляйте и соединяйте контейнеры при операциях переноса для предотвращения накопления статического электричества.
Используйте взрывозащищенное электрооборудование в зонах, где может присутствовать пыль.


Хранение:

Температура:
Храните Pigment Red 81:2 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегайте воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Используйте одобренные контейнеры, изготовленные из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверяйте контейнеры на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Храните Pigment Red 81:2 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для Обращения:
Используйте специализированное оборудование для обращения с Pigment Red 81:2, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедитесь, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Меры Безопасности:
Ограничьте доступ к зонам хранения.
Следуйте всем применимым местным нормативам относительно хранения опасных материалов.

Аварийный Ответ:
Иметь под рукой оборудование и материалы для аварийного реагирования, включая материалы для уборки разливов, огнетушители и аварийные станции промывки глаз.

Pigment Red 81:3 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 81:3 — это пигмент на основе азо, характеризующийся стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Red 81:3 — C28H31ClN2O6, и он широко используется в различных промышленных применениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 12238-31-2
Номер EC: 235-558-5

Синонимы: Rhodamine Lake B, Brilliant Rhodamine Lake, CI Pigment Red 81:3, Fast Red B, Permanent Red 81:3, Pigment Red 81:3, Pigment Red 81:3, Eosin Lake B, Lake Brilliant, Lake Red B, CI 45160:3, Permanent Carmine 3B, Fast Carmine B, Lake Eosin B, Rhodamine Carmine B, Eosin Lake, Rhodamine Lake, Lake Eosin, Rhodamine Red B, Bright Red B, Lake Scarlet B, Permanent Scarlet 3B, CI Pigment Scarlet B, Fast Rhodamine B, Permanent Carmine B, Lake Red B, Rhodamine Carmine, CI 45160:3, Brilliant Carmine B, Fast Scarlet B, Lake Rhodamine, Pigment Carmine B, Lake Brilliant B, Brilliant Rhodamine, CI Pigment Carmine B, Fast Scarlet 81:3, Bright Rhodamine, Lake Eosin Y, Brilliant Scarlet 3B



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Red 81:3 широко используется в производстве красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную цветовую силу и непрозрачность.
Pigment Red 81:3 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.

Pigment Red 81:3 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных чернил благодаря своему яркому цвету.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в автомобильных покрытиях благодаря своей отличной прочности.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, способствуя ярким и насыщенным оттенкам.

Pigment Red 81:3 используется в водоэмульсионных красках благодаря своей стабильности и яркости.
Pigment Red 81:3 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в яркие красные оттенки.

Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в производстве резиновых материалов благодаря своей стойкости к выцветанию.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в косметической промышленности для таких продуктов, как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Red 81:3 используется в создании красок и материалов для художников.
Pigment Red 81:3 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пл��стмасс, способствуя ярким и долговечным цветам в различных пластиковых продуктах.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в формулировании клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая стабильную окраску и стабильность.

Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве красок для художников, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета для произведений искусства.
Pigment Red 81:3 необходим для создания высококачественных печатных чернил.

Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечную и стабильную окраску.
Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в автомобильной промышленности для высокоэффективных покрытий и отделок.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве морилок и отделок для древесины, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве специализированных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в формулировании клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Red 81:3 является ключевым ингредиентом в производстве красителей для пластмасс.

Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в резиновой промышленности для окрашивания резиновых изделий.
Pigment Red 81:3 необходим для производства художественных материалов.

Pigment Red 81:3 является важным компонентом в водоэмульсионных и растворимых системах.
Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в формулировании бытовых и промышленных чистящих средств.

Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в производстве специализированных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в создании специализированных чернил для различных применений.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в формулировании покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Red 81:3 необходим для производства покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 81:3 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных чернил.
Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве специализированных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Red 81:3 применяется в создании специализированных покрытий для различных субстратов.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в формулировании высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Red 81:3 является ключевым компонентом в производстве специализированных чернил для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в создании специализированных чернил для цифровой печати.
Pigment Red 81:3 необходим для производства высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Red 81:3 используется в производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:3 используется в создании продуктов на водной и растворимой основе.
Pigment Red 81:3 является критическим ингредиентом в формулировании специализированных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Red 81:3 — высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 81:3 — это пигмент на основе азо, характеризующийся стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Red 81:3 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C28H31ClN2O6.
Pigment Red 81:3 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 81:3 обеспечивает отличную термостабильность, делая его подходящим для применения при высоких температурах.

Pigment Red 81:3 известен своей высокой окрашивающей способностью и высокой непрозрачностью, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Red 81:3 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, увеличивая его универсальность в различных формулах.
Pigment Red 81:3 широко используется в производстве покрытий, пластмасс, чернил и текстиля, среди прочих.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Red 81:3 делает его безопасным для использования в приложениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищей, и детскими продуктами.
Pigment Red 81:3 обладает отличной погодоустойчивостью, делая его подходящим для наружного применения.
Pigment Red 81:3 известен своей легкостью диспергирования, обеспечивая равномерную окраску в различных системах.

Яркий красный оттенок Pigment Red 81:3 делает его предпочтительным выбором для создания ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:3 является важным предшественником в создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Red 81:3 необходим для производства долговечных и ярких цветных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая Формула: C28H31ClN2O6
Общее Название: Pigment Red 81:3
Молекулярная Структура: C28H31ClN2O6
Молекулярная Масса: 510.01 г/моль
Внешний Вид: Ярко-красный порошок
Плотность: 1.4 г/см³
Температура Плавления: >300°C
Температура Кипения: Не применяется (разлагается)
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: Отличная
Термостабильность: Высокая
Непрозрачность: Высокая
Окрашивающая Способность: Сильная
Погодоустойчивость: Отличная
Диспергируемость: Легкая



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


При Вдыхании:
Если Pigment Red 81:3 был вдыхнут, немедленно переместите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затруднения дыхания сохраняются, немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек не дышит, сделайте искусственное дыхание.
Держите пострадавшего в тепле и покое.

При Контакте с Кожей:
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно вымойте пораженный участок кожи водой с мылом.
Если развивается раздражение или сыпь, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Постирайте загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

При Контакте с Глазами:
Промойте глаза большим количеством воды в течение как минимум 15 минут, приподнимая верхние и нижние веки.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если раздражение или покраснение сохраняется.
Снимите контактные линзы, если они есть и их легко снять; продолжайте промывать.

При Проглатывании:
Не вызывайте рвоту, если только это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно прополощите рот водой.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если человек в сознании, дайте ему маленькие глотки воды.

Примечание для Врачей:
Лечите симптоматически.
Нет специфического антидота.
Обеспечьте поддерживающую терапию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:

Персональная Защита:
Носите соответствующее личное защитное оборудование (ЛЗО), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Используйте респираторную защиту, если вентиляция недостаточна или превышены пределы воздействия.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию в рабочей зоне для контроля концентрации в воздухе ниже профессиональных пределов воздействия.
Используйте местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные средства для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегайте прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите при обращении с Pigment Red 81:3.
Тщательно мойте руки после обращения.

Процедуры При Разливах и Утечках:
Используйте соответствующее личное защитное оборудование.
Сдерживайте разливы для предотвращения дальнейшего распространения и минимизации воздействия.
Поглотите разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и соберите для утилизации.

Хранение:
Храните Pigment Red 81:3 в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом месте, вдали от несовместимых материалов (см. паспорт безопасности для конкретных деталей).
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Храните вдали от источников тепла, прямого солнечного света и источников воспламенения.

Предосторожности При Обращении:
Избегайте образования пыли.
Заземляйте и соединяйте контейнеры при операциях переноса для предотвращения накопления статического электричества.
Используйте взрывозащищенное электрооборудование в зонах, где может присутствовать пыль.


Хранение:

Температура:
Храните Pigment Red 81:3 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегайте воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Используйте одобренные контейнеры, изготовленные из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверяйте контейнеры на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Храните Pigment Red 81:3 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для Обращения:
Используйте специализированное оборудование для обращения с Pigment Red 81:3, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедитесь, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Меры Безопасности:
Ограничьте доступ к зонам хранения.
Следуйте всем применимым местным нормативам относительно хранения опасных материалов.

Аварийный Ответ:
Иметь под рукой оборудование и материалы для аварийного реагирования, включая материалы для уборки разливов, огнетушители и аварийные станции промывки глаз.

Pigment Red 81:4 — это высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 81:4 является пигментом на основе азо, характеризующимся своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Red 81:4: C28H31ClN2O6, и он широко используется в различных промышленных применениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 12340-41-1
Номер EC: 235-558-5

Синонимы: Rhodamine Lake B, Brilliant Rhodamine Lake, CI Pigment Red 81:4, Fast Red B, Permanent Red 81:4, Pigment Red 81:4, Eosin Lake B, Lake Brilliant, Lake Red B, CI 45160:4, Permanent Carmine 3B, Fast Carmine B, Lake Eosin B, Rhodamine Carmine B, Eosin Lake, Rhodamine Lake, Lake Eosin, Rhodamine Red B, Bright Red B, Lake Scarlet B, Permanent Scarlet 3B, CI Pigment Scarlet B, Fast Rhodamine B, Permanent Carmine B, Lake Red B, Rhodamine Carmine, CI 45160:4, Brilliant Carmine B, Fast Scarlet B, Lake Rhodamine, Pigment Carmine B, Lake Brilliant B, Brilliant Rhodamine, CI Pigment Carmine B, Fast Scarlet 81:4, Bright Rhodamine, Lake Eosin Y, Brilliant Scarlet 3B



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Red 81:4 широко используется в формулировках красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную цветовую насыщенность и непрозрачность.
Pigment Red 81:4 необходим в производстве высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.

Pigment Red 81:4 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных красок благодаря своему яркому цвету.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в автомобильных покрытиях за его отличную долговечность.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, внося вклад в яркие и насыщенные оттенки.

Pigment Red 81:4 используется в водных красках за его стабильность и яркость.
Pigment Red 81:4 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в яркие красные оттенки.

Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в производстве резиновых материалов за его стойкость цвета.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в косметической промышленности для продуктов, таких как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Red 81:4 используется в создании художественных красок и материалов.
Pigment Red 81:4 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пластмасс, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета в различных пластиковых изделиях.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в формулировках клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая стабильную окраску и стабильность.

Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в создании специальных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве художественных красок, обеспечивая яркие и стойкие цвета для произведений искусства.
Pigment Red 81:4 необходим в создании высококачественных печатных красок.

Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечную и стабильную окраску.
Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в автомобильной промышленности, используется в высокоэффективных покрытиях и отделках.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве морилок и покрытий для дерева, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве специальных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в формулировках клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Red 81:4 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пластиковых красителей.

Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в резиновой промышленности для окраски резиновых изделий.
Pigment Red 81:4 необходим в производстве художественных материалов.

Pigment Red 81:4 является жизненно важным компонентом в водных и растворимых системах.
Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в формулировках бытовых и промышленных чистящих средств.

Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве специальных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в создании специальных красок для различных применений.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в формулировках покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Red 81:4 необходим в производстве покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 81:4 используется в формулировках высокоэффективных красок.
Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве специальных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в создании специальных покрытий для различных подложек.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в формулировках высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Red 81:4 является ключевым компонентом в производстве специальных красок для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Red 81:4 используется в создании специальных красок для цифровой печати.
Pigment Red 81:4 необходим в производстве высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Red 81:4 используется в производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:4 применяется в создании водных и растворимых продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:4 является критическим ингредиентом в формулировках специальных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Red 81:4 — это высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 81:4 является пигментом на основе азо, характеризующимся своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Red 81:4 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C28H31ClN2O6.
Pigment Red 81:4 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 81:4 обеспечивает отличную термостабильность, что делает его подходящим для применения при высоких температурах.

Pigment Red 81:4 известен своей высокой окрашивающей способностью и непрозрачностью, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Red 81:4 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, увеличивая его универсальность в различных формулировках.
Pigment Red 81:4 широко используется в покрытиях, пластмассах, чернилах и текстильной промышленности, среди прочих.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Red 81:4 делает его безопасным для использования в приложениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищевыми продуктами, и детскими изделиями.
Pigment Red 81:4 предлагает отличную устойчивость к погодным условиям, что делает его подходящим для наружного применения.
Pigment Red 81:4 известен своей легкой диспергируемостью, обеспечивая равномерное окрашивание в различных системах.

Яркий красный оттенок Pigment Red 81:4 делает его предпочтительным выбором для создания ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:4 является важным предшественником в создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Red 81:4 необходим в производстве прочных и ярких окрашенных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая формула: C28H31ClN2O6
Общее название: Pigment Red 81:4
Молекулярная структура: C28H31ClN2O6
Молекулярный вес: 510.01 г/моль
Внешний вид: Ярко-красный порошок
Плотность: 1.4 г/см³
Температура плавления: >300°C
Температура кипения: Неприменимо (разлагается)
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: Отличная
Термостабильность: Высокая
Непрозрачность: Высокая
Окрашивающая способность: Сильная
Устойчивость к погодным условиям: Отличная
Диспергируемость: Легкая



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


При вдыхании:
Если Pigment Red 81:4 был вдыхание, немедленно вывести пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затруднение дыхания продолжается, немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью.
Если человек не дышит, провести искусственное дыхание.
Держать пострадавшего в тепле и в покое.

Контакт с кожей:
Снять загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно промыть пораженный участок кожи водой с мылом.
Если возникает раздражение кожи или сыпь, обратиться за медицинской помощью.
Вымыть загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

Контакт с глазами:
Промывать глаза большим количеством воды не менее 15 минут, поднимая верхние и нижние веки.
Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью, если раздражение или покраснение продолжаются.
Снять контактные линзы, если они есть и их легко снять; продолжать промывание.

При проглатывании:
Не вызывать рвоту, если это не рекомендовано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно промыть рот водой.
Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью.
Если человек в сознании, дать маленькие глотки воды для питья.

Примечание для врачей:
Лечение симптоматическое.
Специфического антидота нет.
Обеспечить поддерживающий уход.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:

Личная защита:
Носить соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Использовать средства защиты органов дыхания, если вентиляция недостаточна или если превышены пределы воздействия.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечить адекватную вентиляцию в рабочей зоне для контроля концентраций в воздухе ниже профессиональных пределов воздействия.
Использовать местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные меры для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегать прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не есть, не пить и не курить при обращении с Pigment Red 81:4.
Тщательно вымыть руки после обращения.

Процедуры при разливе и утечке:
Использовать соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты.
Сдерживать разливы, чтобы предотвратить дальнейшее распространение и минимизировать воздействие.
Поглощать разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и собирать для утилизации.

Хранение:
Хранить Pigment Red 81:4 в прохладном, хорошо вентилируемом помещении, вдали от несовместимых материалов (см. SDS для конкретных деталей).
Держать контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Хранить вдали от источников тепла, прямого солнечного света и источников возгорания.

Меры предосторожности при обращении:
Избегать образования пыли.
Заземлять и связывать контейнеры во время операций переноса, чтобы предотвратить накопление статического электричества.
Использовать взрывозащищенное электрическое оборудование в зонах, где может присутствовать пыль.


Хранение:

Температура:
Хранить Pigment Red 81:4 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегать воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Использовать одобренные контейнеры, изготовленные из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверять контейнеры для хранения на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Хранить Pigment Red 81:4 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для обращения:
Использовать специализированное оборудование для обращения с Pigment Red 81:4, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедиться, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Меры безопасности:
Ограничить доступ к зонам хранения.
Следовать всем применимым местным правилам, касающимся хранения опасных материалов.

Экстренная помощь:
Иметь под рукой аварийное оборудование и материалы, включая материалы для уборки разливов, огнетушители и станции для промывания глаз.

Pigment Red 81:5 — это высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярко-красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 81:5 является азопигментом, характеризующимся своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Red 81:5 — C28H31ClN2O6, и он широко используется в различных промышленных применениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 6358-30-1
Номер EC: 228-787-7

Синонимы: Rhodamine Lake B, Brilliant Rhodamine Lake, CI Pigment Red 81:5, Fast Red B, Permanent Red 81:5, Pigment Red 81:5, Pigment Red 81:5, Eosin Lake B, Lake Brilliant, Lake Red B, CI 45160:5, Permanent Carmine 3B, Fast Carmine B, Lake Eosin B, Rhodamine Carmine B, Eosin Lake, Rhodamine Lake, Lake Eosin, Rhodamine Red B, Bright Red B, Lake Scarlet B, Permanent Scarlet 3B, CI Pigment Scarlet B, Fast Rhodamine B, Permanent Carmine B, Lake Red B, Rhodamine Carmine, CI 45160:5, Brilliant Carmine B, Fast Scarlet B, Lake Rhodamine, Pigment Carmine B, Lake Brilliant B, Brilliant Rhodamine, CI Pigment Carmine B, Fast Scarlet 81:5, Bright Rhodamine, Lake Eosin Y, Brilliant Scarlet 3B



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Red 81:5 широко используется в формулировке красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную силу цвета и укрывистость.
Pigment Red 81:5 необходим в производстве высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.

Pigment Red 81:5 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных чернил благодаря своему яркому цвету.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в автомобильных покрытиях за его отличную долговечность.
Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, обеспечивая яркие и насыщенные оттенки.

Pigment Red 81:5 используется в водоэмульсионных красках благодаря своей стабильности и яркости.
Pigment Red 81:5 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в ярко-красные оттенки.

Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в производстве резиновых материалов благодаря своей стойкости цвета.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в косметической промышленности для таких продуктов, как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Red 81:5 используется в создании художественных красок и материалов.
Pigment Red 81:5 является ключевым компонентом в производстве пластмасс, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета в различных пластиковых изделиях.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в формулировке клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая постоянную окраску и стабильность.

Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в создании специальных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве художественных красок, обеспечивая яркие и стойкие цвета для произведений искусства.
Pigment Red 81:5 необходим в создании высококачественных печатных чернил.

Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечную и стабильную окраску.
Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в автомобильной промышленности, используется в высокоэффективных покрытиях и отделках.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве морилок и отделок для древесины, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве специальных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в формулировке клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Red 81:5 является ключевым ингредиентом в производстве красителей для пластмасс.

Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в резиновой промышленности для окрашивания резиновых изделий.
Pigment Red 81:5 необходим в производстве художественных материалов.

Pigment Red 81:5 является жизненно важным компонентом в водоэмульсионных и растворяющих системах.
Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в формулировке бытовых и промышленных чистящих средств.

Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве специальных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в создании специальных чернил для различных применений.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в формулировке покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Red 81:5 необходим в производстве покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Red 81:5 используется в формулировке высокоэффективных чернил.
Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве специальных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Red 81:5 применяется в создании специальных покрытий для различных субстратов.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в формулировке высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Red 81:5 является ключевым компонентом в производстве специальных чернил для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в создании специальных чернил для цифровой печати.
Pigment Red 81:5 необходим в производстве высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Red 81:5 используется в производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:5 используется в создании продуктов на водной и растворя��щей основе.
Pigment Red 81:5 является критическим ингредиентом в формулировке специальных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Red 81:5 — это высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярко-красным цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Red 81:5 является азопигментом, характеризующимся своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Red 81:5 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C28H31ClN2O6.
Pigment Red 81:5 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Red 81:5 обеспечивает отличную термостойкость, что делает его подходящим для высокотемпературных применений.

Pigment Red 81:5 известен своей высокой красящей способностью и высокой укрывистостью, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Red 81:5 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, увеличивая его универсальность в различных формулировках.
Pigment Red 81:5 широко используется в покрытиях, пластмассах, чернилах и текстильной промышленности, среди прочих.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Red 81:5 делает его безопасным для использования в приложениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищевыми продуктами, и детскими товарами.
Pigment Red 81:5 предлагает отличную устойчивость к погодным условиям, что делает его подходящим для наружных применений.
Pigment Red 81:5 известен своей легкостью диспергирования, обеспечивая равномерное окрашивание в различных системах.

Ярко-красный оттенок Pigment Red 81:5 делает его предпочтительным выбором для создания ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Red 81:5 является важным прекурсором в создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Red 81:5 необходим в производстве долговечных и ярких цветных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая формула: C28H31ClN2O6
Общее название: Pigment Red 81:5
Молекулярная структура: C28H31ClN2O6
Молекулярный вес: 510,01 г/моль
Внешний вид: ярко-красный порошок
Плотность: 1,4 г/см³
Температура плавления: >300°C
Температура кипения: не применимо (разлагается)
Растворимость: нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: отличная
Термостойкость: высокая
Укрывистость: высокая
Красящая способность: сильная
Устойчивость к погодным условиям: отличная
Диспергирование: легкое



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


При вдыхании:
Если Pigment Red 81:5 был вдых, немедленно переведите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затруднения дыхания сохраняются, немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если пострадавший не дышит, проведите искусственное дыхание.
Держите пострадавшего в тепле и покое.

Контакт с кожей:
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно промойте пораженную область кожи водой с мылом.
Если возникает раздражение кожи или сыпь, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Вымойте загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

Контакт с глазами:
Промывайте глаза большим количеством воды не менее 15 минут, поднимая верхние и нижние веки.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если раздражение или покраснение сохраняется.
Снимите контактные линзы, если они есть и их легко снять; продолжайте промывание.

При проглатывании:
Не вызывайте рвоту, если это не рекомендовано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно промойте рот водой.
Немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.
Если пострадавший в сознании, дайте ему пить маленькими глотками воду.

Примечание для врачей:
Лечение симптоматическое.
Специфического антидота нет.
Обеспечьте поддерживающую терапию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:

Личная защита:
Носите соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ), включая химически устойчивые перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Используйте респираторную защиту, если вентиляция недостаточна или превышены пределы воздействия.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечьте достаточную вентиляцию на рабочем месте, чтобы контролировать концентрации в воздухе ниже пределов профессионального воздействия.
Используйте местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные средства контроля для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегайте прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не ешьте, не пейте и не курите при работе с Pigment Red 81:5.
Тщательно мойте руки после обращения.

Процедуры при утечке и разливе:
Используйте соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты.
Сдерживайте разливы, чтобы предотвратить дальнейшее распространение и минимизировать воздействие.
Поглотите разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и соберите для утилизации.

Хранение:
Храните Pigment Red 81:5 в прохладном, хорошо проветриваемом месте, вдали от несовместимых материалов (см. SDS для конкретных деталей).
Держите контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда они не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Храните вдали от источников тепла, прямого солнечного света и источников воспламенения.

Меры предосторожности при обращении:
Избегайте образования пыли.
Заземлите и соедините контейнеры во время операций по переносу, чтобы предотвратить накопление статического электричества.
Используйте взрывозащищенное электрическое оборудование в зонах, где может быть пыль.


Хранение:

Температура:
Храните Pigment Red 81:5 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегайте воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Используйте одобренные контейнеры из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверяйте контейнеры для хранения на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Храните Pigment Red 81:5 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для обращения:
Используйте специализированное оборудование для работы с Pigment Red 81:5, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедитесь, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Меры безопасности:
Ограничьте доступ к зонам хранения.
Соблюдайте все применимые местные нормы, касающиеся хранения опасных материалов.

Экстренная помощь:
Имейте под рукой аварийное оборудование и материалы, включая материалы для очистки разливов, огнетушители и станции экстренного промывания глаз.

PIGMENT SCARLET CHROME Technical Details of SCARLET CHROME (Pigment Red 104) CASNo.12656-85-8 Synonyms Pigment Red 104 CAS No 12656-85-8 CI No 77605 Specifications of SCARLET CHROME (Pigment Red 104) CASNo.12656-85-8 * Notes : Specific Gravity: 5.5 - 6.5 , Bulk Density: 0.8 - 1.2 Applications of SCARLET CHROME (Pigment Red 104) CASNo.12656-85-8 Scarlet Chrome is used for Gravure, Flexo, Sheet-fed Offset, Web Offset, Newspaper, UV and Screen Features / Description of SCARLET CHROME (Pigment Red 104) CASNo.12656-85-8 Scarlet Chrome Pigment is a pre-darkened quality with bluer tone in our Scarlet Chrome range of Pigments. This product is used as a raw material for Paints. It can also be used in the manufacture of Printing Inks. Scarlet Chrome Pigment is a highly stabilized pigment and offers very good fastness to light and weathering. This product, due to its excellent light fastness characteristics is strongly recommended for automotive coatings meant for refinishing purpose. This pigment permits blending with Organic Toner Pigments (e.g.Rubine Toner) to produce lighter shades of Red having lower cost than Toners of similar colour. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Technical Details of Pigment Scarlet Chrome (Pigment Scarlet Chrome) Synonyms Pigment Scarlet Chrome Specifications of Pigment Scarlet Chrome (Pigment Scarlet Chrome) * Notes : Specific Gravity: 4.5 - 5.5 , Bulk Density: 0.75 - 0.80 Applications of Pigment Scarlet Chrome (Pigment Scarlet Chrome) Pigment Scarlet Chrome is used for Gravure, Flexo, Sheet-fed Offset, Web Offset, Newspaper, UV and Screen Features / Description of Pigment Scarlet Chrome (Pigment Scarlet Chrome) We hold immense expertise in catering to the variegated requirements of the customers by bringing forth a remarkable Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment. Our offered Pigment Scarlet Chromes are formulated using inorganic Pigment Scarlet Chrome s that are widely used in in plastic and coating paints. In addition, these Pigment Scarlet Chromes are tested on various characteristics like purity and composition to ensure flawlessness. Pigment Scarlet Chrome is a monoclinic Lead Chromate material. A special property is the high purity of shade and a cleaner Full Tone. This Pigment Scarlet Chrome is highly stabilized and offers very good fastness to light and weathering and therefore is extensively used in top-quality Synthetic Enamels. Special types for Inks and Plastics are available in Pigment Scarlet Chrome. It offers very good dispersion behaviour in Inks media and Polymeric Plastic Master Batch Manufacturing process. Appearance: Pigment Scarlet Chrome powder, It is Bright color, strong tinting strength,high hiding . with good light fastness and dispersibility. Main Application: solvent based paint: Alkydresin, Amino-baking, N/C , Epoxy; Plastic: Masterbatch, cable material, plastic pipe and plastic film and sheet etc. Suggested for polyurethane paint, architectural coatings, water based coatings, color paste, leather, stationery and rubber. Inorganic Pigment Scarlet Chrome s With the aid of modern tools and sophisticated technologies, we have been able to provide the customers with an astounding Inorganic Pigment Scarlet Chrome s. To formulate these Pigment Scarlet Chrome s, we utilize quality-approved ingredients, that are obtained from reliable vendors of the industry. Under this non-toxic range, we offer Scarlet Pigment Scarlet Chrome, Primrose Pigment Scarlet Chrome, Chromocynine Green, Light Pigment Scarlet Chrome and Violet 27 Pigment are few to name. Further, our offered Pigment Scarlet Chrome s are processed in accordance with the international standards of quality. we are looking enquiries from south Africa ( all countries) Indonesia, Thailand, UAE, turkey, & all gulf countries Description Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method Technical field The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of food dye, relate to Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method particularly. Tatrazine, one of edible synthesized coloring matter three primary colors are allowed to be used for food color synthetic colour the most widely in the world, account for 30 percent of global synthetic colour total amount.And in 3000 tons of years of edible synthesized coloring matter of China demands, Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome ly account for 1200 tons, account for 4 percent top ten. Tatrazine claims FD﹠amp again; C Pigment Scarlet Chrome No.5, chemical molecular formula C 16H 9N 4Na 3O 9S 2, bright orange- Pigment Scarlet Chrome powder or particle, azo type heterocyclic structure (seeing formula 1), Formula 1 Lemon Pigment Scarlet Chrome route of synthesis is two kinds: One) phenyl hydrazine-p-sulfonic acid and two hydroxyl tartrate condensations; Two) Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and 1-(4-sulphenyl)-3-carboxyl-5-pyrazolone or the basic ester coupling of its first (second) (or alcohol radical is sloughed in hydrolysis again). Pigment Scarlet Chrome Our company adopts tartrate technology the earliest, i.e. first kind of technology, back independent development DMAS technology, use till today always.DMAS (2-DMAS) technology (belonging to pyrazolone technology)--- Pigment Scarlet Chrome be that Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and DMAS (2-DMAS) Pigment Scarlet Chrome condensation generates the pyrazolone methyl esters, get with the coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt, hydrolysis again. In sum, this area lacks a kind of reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low.Therefore, this area presses for exploitation a kind of reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low. Summary of the invention The object of the present invention is to provide reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low. In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method is provided, step comprises: Pigment Scarlet Chrome (a) 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the Pigment Scarlet Chrome presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid Pigment Scarlet Chrome dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, peregal 0 or its combination; (b) described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome. Description of drawings Fig. 1 is a Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method's of the present invention process flow sheet, and DMAS is the 2-DMAS, and inferior sodium is Sodium Nitrite, is Sulphanilic Acid to acid. Embodiment Pigment Scarlet Chrome The inventor by technological improvement production technique such as integrated use liquid-phase chromatographic analysis, phase-transfer catalysis, membrane sepn, meticulous reaction controls, forms the new production method of high purity Tatrazine through extensive and deep research.This production method comprise DMAS (2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters) under the effect of phase-transfer catalyst and gentle acid binding agent with mole number such as approximately to sour diazonium salt condensation; then with second part approximately wait mole number to sour diazonium salt in the coupling of pH6.5-8.0 scope; again in PH9.0-9.5,75-85 ℃ hydrolysis, after recrystallization, membrane sepn purification step and high purity is Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome.The contriver is surprised to find that, adopts method of the present invention, improves simultaneously except making Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome product purity and reaction yield, can also significantly reduce the content of organic impuritys such as unreacted intermediate and secondary dyestuff, reduces pollutent simultaneously and produces and discharging.Finished the present invention on this basis. Reaction process Pigment Scarlet Chrome (hereinafter referred to as to acid) diazotization reaction obtains the Pigment Scarlet Chrome diazonium salt. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Then, 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid Pigment Scarlet Chrome dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, paregal O or its combination; Then, described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome. Fig. 1 is a Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method's of the present invention process flow sheet, and DMAS is the 2-DMAS, and inferior sodium is Sodium Nitrite, is Sulphanilic Acid to acid. As shown in Figure 1, realize that Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method of the present invention comprises diazotization reaction, condensation reaction, coupled reaction, hydrolysis reaction and post-processing step, wherein each post-processing step comprises crystallisation step, membrane sepn step and drying step. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome ly adopt general post-treating method to separate, as recrystallization method etc. It is Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome to adopt method of the present invention to prepare, overcome the defective that is easy to generate sodium self conjugates, make that respectively to go on foot unit process complete substantially, reduced the content of organic impuritys such as unreacted intermediate and secondary dyestuff, yield is obviously improved, reach 91.4%, (HPLC 238nm) reaches 99.5% to purity simultaneously.Quality index reaches U.S. FCC standard comprehensively.Thereby the Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome product that method of the present invention makes is as foodstuff additive, and its detrimental impurity content is few, therefore has higher food safety. Pigment Scarlet Chrome All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled Pigment Scarlet Chrome in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned teachings of the present invention, these equivalent form Pigment Scarlet Chrome of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally. Claims (9) Hide Dependent 1. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Pigment Scarlet Chrome preparation method is characterized in that step comprises: (a) 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer Pigment Scarlet Chrome catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, peregal 0 or its combination; (b) described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow. 2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Scarlet Chrome, phase-transfer catalyst is a poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 described in the step (a). 3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Scarlet Chrome, acid binding agent is selected from Sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium bicarbonate described in the step (a). 4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Scarlet Chrome, acid binding agent is a Sodium phosphate dibasic described in the step (a). 5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt described in the step (a) carries out diazotization reaction by Sulphanilic Acid and makes, and described phase-transfer catalyst adds in Pigment Scarlet Chrome diazotization reaction. 6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of step (b) is regulated Pigment Scarlet Chrome the pH value with the pH regulator agent before reaction be 1.0-2.0. 7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that Pigment Scarlet Chrome, described pH regulator agent is a Sodium phosphate dibasic. 8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises separating step in the step (b), and described separating step Pigment Scarlet Chrome comprises roughing out and purification step, and wherein said roughing out step adopts recrystallization method, and described purification step adopts membrane separation process. 9. Pigment Scarlet Chrome method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the employing molecular weight cut-off is 350 tubular type nanofiltration membrane in the described membrane separation process. Description A toxic yellow artist's Pigment Scarlet Chrome containing Lead chromate sometimes mixed with Lead sulfate. Lead chromate can range in shade from Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow to orange depending on its particle size, hydration state, and percent lead chromate. Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow, which came on the market in early 1800s, is permanent to visible light, but can darken with exposure to UV radiation or Hydrogen sulfide. Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow is used in industrial paints, some artist's paints and ceramic glazes. Other yellow chromate Pigment Scarlet Chrome s are sometimes also called Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow. Strontium chromate, zinc chromate, and Barium chromate are pale yellow Pigment Scarlet Chrome s that are often mixed and called Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow. Strontium chromate has more hiding power than the barium chromate. Zinc yellow is synthetically prepared zinc chromate. The pure material is stable and is used in oil and watercolor paints Pigment Scarlet Chrome. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Synonyms and Related Terms Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34; CI 77600; Chromgelb (Deut.); jaune de chrôme (Fr.); giallo cromo (It.); amarillo de cromo (Esp.); amarelo de crómio (Port.); Paris yellow; king's yellow; Vienna yellow; Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow; jonquil Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow; Cologne yellow; Leipzig yellow Pigment Scarlet Chrome yellow 305.TIF Other Properties Soluble in strong acids and alkalis. Insoluble in water. High birefringence. Monoclinic prism crystals. Composition PbCrO4 Pigment Scarlet Chrome Melting Point 844 Density 5.96 - 6.3 Pigment Scarlet Chrome Molecular Weight mol. wt. = 323.2 Refractive Index 2.31; 2.49 Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment of C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34, Chemical Abstracts Service The substance C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 was identified in the categorization of the Domestic Substances List as a high priority for action under the Ministerial Challenge. The substance was identified as a high priority because it was considered to pose greatest potential for exposure (GPE) to individuals in Canada and had been classified by other agencies on the basis of carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity. The substance also met the ecological categorization criteria for persistence and inherent toxicity to aquatic organisms. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Therefore, this assessment of C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 focuses on information relevant to the evaluation of both human health and ecological risks. In response to a notice issued under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 was reported to be manufactured in and imported into Canada. After exports, the amount remaining for use in this country ranged between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg. It is primarily used for plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. There were no empirical data identified regarding measured concentrations of C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 in environmental media (i.e., air, water, soil and food) in Canada. Given the physical and chemical properties and sources of this substance, exposure to C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 is expected to be negligible via drinking water, ambient air or consumer products. Exposure to the general population in Canada is expected to be predominantly from soils, although these exposures are expected to be low due to the primarily commercial use of the substance, very limited industrial releases, and the encapsulation and incorporation of the substance into a solid matrix. However, these exposures could not be quantified due to lack of measured concentrations. The substance C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 is considered persistent because it contains metal ions, lead (Pb2+) and the chromate (CrO4 2-) ions, which are considered to be infinitely persistent. Therefore, C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 meets the persistence criteria as set out in the Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations. The current state of the science does not allow for the unambiguous interpretation of the bioaccumulation potential of metalcontaining inorganic substances such as C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34. Experimental toxicity studies suggest that the substance is not hazardous to aquatic organisms at a loading rate (100 mg/L) that is considered to represent a reasonable environmental worst-case scenario. Additionally, considering its low solubility, it is unlikely that organisms associated with other compartments would be harmed by exposure to this substance. Based principally on the weight of evidence based classification of C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 by the European Commission, and the assessment of hexavalent chromium and inorganic lead compounds by several national and international agencies, a critical effect for the 2 Screening Assessment characterization of risk to human health is carcinogenicity. The substance C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34, together with lead chromate and C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Red 104, was carcinogenic in rats after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration and these animal studies are supported by epidemiological studies, which indicate an increased frequency of lung cancer in chromate Pigment Scarlet Chrome production workers. As well, C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 or its principal components were genotoxic in a limited number of in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. On the basis of the carcinogenicity of C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34, for which there may be a probability of harm at any level of exposure, it is concluded that C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. On the basis of ecological hazard and reported releases of C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34, it is concluded that this substance is not entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that have or may have an immediate or long-term harmful effect on the environment or Pigment Scarlet Chrome its biological diversity, or that constitute or may constitute a danger to the environment on which life depends. In addition and where relevant, research and monitoring will support verification of assumptions used during the screening assessment and, where appropriate, the performance of potential control measures identified during the risk management phase. Based on the information available, it is concluded that C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 meets one or more of the criteria set out in section 64 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 contains principally lead chromate (PbCrO4) and lead sulfate (PbSO4). The proportion of these individual moieties in the Pigment Scarlet Chrome must be considered when evaluating exposure to each of the constituent metals. The Pigment Scarlet Chrome Handbook (Lewis 1988) provides a range of composition percentages for the different constituents that are included in the second column of Table 3. Using these data with the molecular weights, the weight fractions of lead and chromate moieties are calculated for each constituent. Table 4 provides the total weight composition for each moiety by summing the contributions from each constituent. The substance C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 is not known to be naturally produced in the environment. The principal metallic components of this substance, lead and chromium, are naturally occurring and as such are considered infinitely persistent. Lead concentrations in the rock of the upper continental crust have been determined to range between 17 and 20 ppm; chromium concentrations have been determined to be approximately 35 ppm (Reimann and de Caritat 1998). As indicated in Table 2, these compounds are not highly soluble. However, while lead sulfate is present in the Pigment Scarlet Chrome at two-fold lower quantities, it is orders of magnitude more soluble. Therefore, lead sulfate may be a more significant source of dissolved lead from C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34, despite being present in smaller quantities. However, there are various grades of Pigment Scarlet Chrome s including those in which the Pigment Scarlet Chrome is encapsulated in a dense amorphous silica coating, which significantly reduces its solubility and bioavailability (Lewis 1988). Based on a survey conducted under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 was both manufactured in and imported into Canada (Environment Canada 2007b). Based on an exportation rate of around 75% of all substance manufactured (Environment Canada 2007a), between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg of this substance would be remaining for use in this country. Uses According to the Color Pigment Scarlet Chrome s Manufacturers Association, the significant applications for these Pigment Scarlet Chrome s in Canada are plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and a very limited number of commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. For example, these Pigment Scarlet Chrome s are used for applications that require safety attributes such as high visibility and so are used in traffic paint striping for highways and airports, and safety identification paints on buses, ambulances and fire trucks. Industrial paints using lead chromate Pigment Scarlet Chrome s include automotive finishes, industrial and agricultural equipment, industrial baking enamels and air-dried finishes (Environment Canada 2007a). 10 Screening Assessment The substance C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 is not used in consumer paints because the Canadian Hazardous Products Act prohibits furniture and other articles for children that are painted with a surface coating material that contains lead compounds of which the total lead content is more than 600 mg/kg (Canada 2005a). A concentration greater than 600 mg/kg would be required technically to manufacture a paint coloured with this substance (Environment Canada 2007a). The Hazardous Products Act also prohibits toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play and pencils and artists’ brushes that have had a surface coating material applied to them that contains more than 600 mg/kg of total lead (Canada 2005a). The substance C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 is not known to be naturally produced in the environment. The principal metallic components of this substance, lead and chromium, are naturally occurring and as such are considered infinitely persistent. Lead concentrations in the rock of the upper continental crust have been determined to range between 17 and 20 ppm; chromium concentrations have been determined to be approximately 35 ppm (Reimann and de Caritat 1998). As indicated in Table 2, these compounds are not highly soluble. However, while lead sulfate is present in the Pigment Scarlet Chrome at two-fold lower quantities, it is orders of magnitude more soluble. Therefore, lead sulfate may be a more significant source of dissolved lead from C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34, despite being present in smaller quantities. However, there are various grades of Pigment Scarlet Chrome s including those in which the Pigment Scarlet Chrome is encapsulated in a dense amorphous silica coating, which significantly reduces its solubility and bioavailability (Lewis 1988). Based on a survey conducted under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 was both manufactured in and imported into Canada (Environment Canada 2007b). Based on an exportation rate of around 75% of all substance manufactured (Environment Canada 2007a), between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg of this substance would be remaining for use in this country. Uses According to the Color Pigment Scarlet Chrome s Manufacturers Association, the significant applications for these Pigment Scarlet Chrome s in Canada are plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and a very limited number of commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. For example, these Pigment Scarlet Chrome s are used for applications that require safety attributes such as high visibility and so are used in traffic paint striping for highways and airports, and safety identification paints on buses, ambulances and fire trucks. Industrial paints using lead chromate Pigment Scarlet Chrome s include automotive finishes, industrial and agricultural equipment, industrial baking enamels and air-dried finishes (Environment Canada 2007a). 10 Screening Assessment The substance C.I. Pigment Scarlet Chrome Yellow 34 is not used in consumer paints because the Canadian Hazardous Products Act prohibits furniture and other articles for children that are painted with a surface coating material that contains lead compounds of which the total lead content is more than 600 mg/kg (Canada 2005a). A concentration greater than 600 mg/kg would be required technically to manufacture a paint coloured with this substance (Environment Canada 2007a). The Hazardous Products Act also prohibits toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play and pencils and artists’ brushes that have had a surface coating material applied to them that contains more than 600 mg/kg of total lead (Canada 2005a).

Pigment Yellow 138 — это высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким желтым цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Yellow 138 — это пигмент на основе бензимидазолона, характеризующийся своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.
Химическая формула Pigment Yellow 138 — C22H6Cl4N4O2, и он широко используется в различных промышленных применениях благодаря своим превосходным свойствам.

Номер CAS: 30125-47-4
Номер EC: 250-063-5

Синонимы: Benzimidazolone Yellow H3G, Permanent Yellow H3G, CI Pigment Yellow 138, Fast Yellow H3G, Irgazin Yellow 3GLT, Hostaperm Yellow H3G, Permanent Yellow H3GL, Benzimidazolone Yellow 138, Pigment Yellow H3G, Irgazin Yellow H3G, Hostaperm Yellow H3GL, Fast Yellow 138, Permanent Yellow H3G, CI 56280, Benzimidazolone Yellow H3GL, Pigment Yellow 3GLT, Benzimidazolone Yellow H3GLT, Fast Yellow H3G, Permanent Yellow 3GL, Irgazin Yellow H3GL, Hostaperm Yellow 3GL, Benzimidazolone Yellow H3GLT, Permanent Yellow H3G, CI Pigment Yellow 3GL, Fast Yellow H3GL, Hostaperm Yellow 138, Irgazin Yellow 138, Benzimidazolone Yellow H3G, Pigment Yellow H3G, CI Pigment Yellow H3G, Permanent Yellow H3GL, Benzimidazolone Yellow 3GL, Irgazin Yellow H3G, Hostaperm Yellow H3GL



ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ


Pigment Yellow 138 широко используется в формулировках красок и покрытий, обеспечивая отличную цветовую силу и непрозрачность.
Pigment Yellow 138 необходим при производстве высокоэффективных промышленных покрытий.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в декоративных покрытиях для жилых и коммерческих зданий.

Pigment Yellow 138 является предпочтительным пигментом для упаковочных красок благодаря своему яркому цвету.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в автомобильных покрытиях благодаря своей отличной долговечности.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве цветных карандашей и мелков, обеспечивая яркие и насыщенные оттенки.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется в водоэмульсионных красках благодаря своей стабильности и яркости.
Pigment Yellow 138 является ключевым компонентом в красках и покрытиях на основе растворителей.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в текстильной печати для окрашивания тканей в яркие желтые оттенки.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве резиновых материалов благодаря своей стойкости к цвету.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве синтетических волокон.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в косметической промышленности для таких продуктов, как лак для ногтей.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании художественных красок и материалов.
Pigment Yellow 138 является ключевым компонентом при производстве пластмасс, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета в различных пластиковых изделиях.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в формулировках клеев и герметиков, обеспечивая стабильность и однородность окраски.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании специальных покрытий для различных промышленных применений, обеспечивая долговечность и сохранение цвета.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве художественных красок, обеспечивая яркие и долговечные цвета для произведений искусства.
Pigment Yellow 138 необходим при создании высококачественных печатных красок.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве резиновых изделий, обеспечивая долговечность и стабильность окраски.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в автомобильной промышленности для высокоэффективных покрытий и отделок.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве морилок и отделок для дерева, улучшая внешний вид деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве специальных покрытий для промышленных применений.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в формулировках клеев и герметиков.
Pigment Yellow 138 является ключевым компонентом при производстве красителей для пластмасс.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется в текстильной промышленности для окрашивания тканей.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в резиновой промышленности для окрашивания резиновых изделий.
Pigment Yellow 138 необходим при производстве художественных материалов.

Pigment Yellow 138 является важным компонентом в водоэмульсионных и растворимых системах.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в формулировках бытовых и промышленных чи��тящих средств.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве специальных покрытий для электронных устройств.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании специальных чернил для различных применений.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве керамических и стеклянных изделий.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании покрытий для металлических поверхностей.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в формулировках покрытий для пластиковых изделий.
Pigment Yellow 138 необходим при производстве покрытий для деревянных поверхностей.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется в формулировках высокоэффективных чернил.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании покрытий для автомобильных применений.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве специальных клеев и герметиков.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве покрытий для промышленного оборудования.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании специальных покрытий для различных подложек.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется в формулировках высокоэффективных покрытий для различных применений.

Pigment Yellow 138 является ключевым компонентом при производстве специальных чернил для флексографической и глубокой печати.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании специальных чернил для цифровой печати.
Pigment Yellow 138 необходим при производстве высокоэффективных промышленных продуктов.

Pigment Yellow 138 используется при производстве экологически чистых промышленных продуктов.
Pigment Yellow 138 используется при создании водоэмульсионных и растворимых продуктов.
Pigment Yellow 138 является критически важным компонентом в формулировках специальных покрытий для металлических и пластиковых поверхностей.


ОПИСАНИЕ


Pigment Yellow 138 — это высокоэффективный органический пигмент, известный своим ярким желтым цветом и отличной светостойкостью.
Pigment Yellow 138 — это пигмент на основе бензимидазолона, характеризующийся своей стабильностью и нетоксичностью.

Pigment Yellow 138 — это универсальное органическое соединение с химической формулой C22H6Cl4N4O2.
Pigment Yellow 138 нерастворим в воде, что делает его идеальным для использования в системах на основе растворителей.
Pigment Yellow 138 обеспечивает отличную термостойкость, что делает его подходящим для применения при высоких температурах.

Pigment Yellow 138 известен своей сильной окрашивающей способностью и высокой непрозрачностью, что обеспечивает яркие и долговечные цвета.
Pigment Yellow 138 совместим с широким спектром смол и полимеров, что увеличивает его универсальность в различных формулировках.
Pigment Yellow 138 широко используется в покрытиях, пластмассах, чернилах и текстильных отраслях.

Нетоксичная природа Pigment Yellow 138 делает его безопасным для использования в применениях, связанных с материалами, контактирующими с пищевыми продуктами и детскими изделиями.
Pigment Yellow 138 обеспечивает отличную стойкость к погодным условиям, что делает его подходящим для наружных применений.
Pigment Yellow 138 известен своей легкостью диспергирования, что обеспечивает равномерную окраску в различных системах.

Яркий желтый оттенок Pigment Yellow 138 делает его предпочтительным выбором при создании ярких и насыщенных продуктов.
Pigment Yellow 138 является важным предшественником при создании высокоэффективных покрытий и чернил.
Pigment Yellow 138 необходим при производстве долговечных и ярких цветных продуктов.



СВОЙСТВА


Химическая формула: C22H6Cl4N4O2
Общее название: Pigment Yellow 138
Молекулярная структура: C22H6Cl4N4O2
Молекулярный вес: 505.11 г/моль
Внешний вид: Ярко-желтый порошок
Плотность: 1.5 г/см³
Температура плавления: >300°C
Температура кипения: Неприменимо (разлагается)
Растворимость: Нерастворим в воде
Светостойкость: Отличная
Термостойкость: Высокая
Непрозрачность: Высокая
Окрашивающая способность: Сильная
Устойчивость к погодным условиям: Отличная
Диспергирование: Легкое



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


Вдыхание:
При вдыхании Pigment Yellow 138 немедленно вывести пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если затрудненное дыхание сохраняется, обратиться за медицинской помощью.
При отсутствии дыхания провести искусственное дыхание.
Удерживать пострадавшего в тепле и покое.

Контакт с кожей:
Снять загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Тщательно промыть загрязненные участки кожи водой с мылом.
При развитии раздражения или сыпи обратиться за медицинской помощью.
Постирать загрязненную одежду перед повторным использованием.

Контакт с глазами:
Промывать глаза обильным количеством воды не менее 15 минут, приподнимая верхние и нижние веки.
При сохранении раздражения или покраснения обратиться за медицинской помощью.
Снять контактные линзы при их наличии и легкости снятия; продолжить промывание.

Проглатывание:
Не вызывать рвоту, если это не рекомендовано медицинским персоналом.
Тщательно промыть рот водой.
Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью.
При сознании пострадавшего дать ему небольшие глотки воды.

Примечание для врачей:
Лечение симптоматическое.
Специфический антидот отсутствует.
Оказывать поддерживающую терапию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Обращение:

Личная защита:
Носить соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ), включая химически стойкие перчатки, защитные очки или лицевой щиток и защитную одежду.
Использовать средства защиты органов дыхания при недостаточной вентиляции или превышении предельно допустимых концентраций.

Вентиляция:
Обеспечить достаточную вентиляцию рабочей зоны для контроля концентраций в воздухе ниже предельно допустимых.
Использовать местную вытяжную вентиляцию или другие инженерные меры для минимизации воздействия.

Избегание:
Избегать прямого контакта с кожей и вдыхания пыли.
Не есть, не пить и не курить при обращении с Pigment Yellow 138.
Тщательно мыть руки после работы.

Процедуры при утечке и разливе:
Использовать соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты.
Ограничить разливы для предотвращения дальнейшего распространения и минимизации воздействия.
Поглотить разливы инертными материалами (например, песком, вермикулитом) и собрать для утилизации.

Хранение:
Хранить Pigment Yellow 138 в прохладном, хорошо вентилируемом помещении вдали от несовместимых материалов (подробности см. в Паспорте безопасности).
Держать контейнеры плотно закрытыми, когда не используются, чтобы предотвратить загрязнение.
Хранить вдали от источников тепла, прямых солнечных лучей и источников возгорания.

Меры предосторожности при обращении:
Избегать образования пыли.
Заземлять и соединять контейнеры во время операций по переливу, чтобы предотвратить накопление статического электричества.
Использовать взрывозащищенное электрическое оборудование в зонах, где может быть пыль.


Хранение:


Температура:
Хранить Pigment Yellow 138 при температурах, рекомендованных производителем.
Избегать воздействия экстремальных температур.

Контейнеры:
Использовать одобренные контейнеры, изготовленные из совместимых материалов.
Регулярно проверять контейнеры на наличие утечек или повреждений.

Разделение:
Хранить Pigment Yellow 138 вдали от несовместимых материалов, включая сильные кислоты, основания, окислители и восстановители.

Оборудование для обращения:
Использовать специальное оборудование для обращения с Pigment Yellow 138, чтобы избежать перекрестного загрязнения.
Убедиться, что все оборудование для обращения находится в хорошем состоянии.

Меры безопасности:
Ограничить доступ к зонам хранения.
Соблюдать все применимые местные нормы по хранению опасных материалов.

Аварийное реагирование:
Иметь в наличии оборудование и материалы для аварийного реагирования, включая материалы для очистки разливов, огнетушители и станции промывания глаз.

cas no 8006-64-2 Fir oil; Oil of turpentine; Pine oil; Turpentine; L-Turpentine;

Pine Oil 85% Pine oil 85% is an essential oil obtained by the steam distillation of stumps,[2] needles, twigs and cones[3] from a variety of species of pine, particularly Pinus sylvestris. As of 1995, synthetic Pine oil 85% was the "biggest single turpentine derivative."[4] Synthetic Pine oil 85%s accounted for 90% of sales as of 2000. In alternative medicine, it is said to be used in aromatherapy, as a scent in bath oils or more commonly as a cleaning product, and as a lubricant in small and expensive clockwork instruments. It may also be used varyingly as a disinfectant, sanitizer, microbicide (or microbistat), virucide or insecticide.[6] It is also used as an effective herbicide where its action is to modify the waxy cuticle of plants, resulting in desiccation.[7] Pine oil 85% is distinguished from other products from pine, such as turpentine, the low-boiling fraction from the distillation of pine sap, and rosin, the thick tar remaining after turpentine is distilled. Chemically, Pine oil 85% consists mainly of α-terpineol and other cyclic terpene alcohols.[1] It may also contain terpene hydrocarbons, ethers, and esters. The exact composition depends on various factors, such as the variety of pine from which it is produced and the parts of the tree used. Properties as a disinfectant Pine oil 85% is a disinfectant that is mildly antiseptic.[8] It is effective against Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, the fungi Candida albicans, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Gram-negative enteric bacteria, household germs, Gram-negative household germs such as those causing salmonellosis, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, influenza type A, influenza virus type A/Brazil, influenza virus type A2/Japan, intestinal bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, odor-causing bacteria, mold, mildew, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhosa, Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.[6] It will kill the causative agents of typhoid, gastroenteritis (some agents), rabies, cholera, several forms of meningitis, whooping cough, gonorrhea and several types of dysentery.[9] It is not effective against spore related illnesses, such as tetanus or anthrax, or against non-enveloped viruses such as poliovirus, rhinovirus, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C.[9] Froth flotation Industrially, Pine oil 85% is used as a frother in mineral extraction from ores.[1] For example, in copper extraction Pine oil 85% is used to condition copper sulfide ores for froth flotation. Therefore, it is important in the industry for the froth flotation process. It has largely been replaced by synthetic alcohols and polyglycol ethers. Safety Pine oil 85% has a relatively low human toxicity level, a low corrosion level and limited persistence; however, it irritates the skin and mucous membranes and has been known to cause breathing problems.[8][10] Large doses may cause central nervous system depression. What You Need to Know About Pine oil 85% Essential oils are increasingly gaining mainstream popularity as possible alternatives to medications. These plant-derived ingredients are still being studied for their medicinal effects, and Pine oil 85% is no exception. Made from pine trees, Pine oil 85% offers numerous purported health benefits and is notable for its strong woody scent. While pine tree oil may offer some benefits, there’s also possible side effects to consider, just like with any other type of essential oil. Learn the pros and cons so that you can best decide whether pine tree essential oil is worth trying. What is Pine oil 85%? Pine oil 85% is a derivative of pine tree needles, which are known for their strong aroma. In fact, one sniff of Pine oil 85% might remind you of a Christmas tree. As with other essential oils, pine has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Pine scents and oil extracts are also abundant in everyday items. These include floor and furniture cleaners, as well as disinfectants and air fresheners. However, oil extracts are not the same as essential oils because they don’t carry the same medicinal-strength properties. Essential oils contain multiple chemical compounds that make them so powerful. As such, essential oils shouldn’t be ingested. Pine oil 85% uses and benefits Due to its aroma, Pine oil 85% is notable for its uplifting yet clearing scent. Because of this, Pine oil 85% can work as a room scent in a diffuser as well as in cleaning solutions. The internet is full of anecdotes and articles that claim Pine oil 85% can offer more health benefits than just a nice scent. However, most of these claims lack clinical evidence. Air fresheners and aromatherapy Pine oil 85% extracts are often used in air fresheners for homes, offices, and vehicles. Essential oils, on the other hand, may be used in aromatherapy to create an uplifting and invigorating atmosphere — not just a nice scent Inhaling oils like pine may also have clearing effects in the case of illnesses like the common cold. Skin antimicrobial Some proponents claim that Pine oil 85% may be used topically (applied to the skin) as an antimicrobial, similar to tea tree oil. In theory, the oil could be used for minor skin infections and burns. However, research indicates that Pine oil 85% doesn’t have much antimicrobial activity. Talk to a doctor before using Pine oil 85% for this purpose. Reduced inflammation Pine oil 85% is also touted as having anti-inflammatory effects. In theory, such effects could do two things: Ease symptoms of inflammatory skin conditions, such as acne, eczema, and rosacea. Alleviate pain from related health conditions, such as arthritis and muscle pain. However, more research is needed on this front. Other essential oils have in fact been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. These include: turmeric; ginger; frankincense; peppermint Odor: fresh, sweet-resinous, woody, turpentine, coniferous, balsamic Pine oil 85%'s production and use as a flavoring and in perfumery may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Pine oil 85% is a component of essential oils. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 3.3X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Pine oil 85% will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Pine oil 85% will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hrs. Pine oil 85% does contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Pine oil 85% is expected to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3,700. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, Pine oil 85% is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7.4 hrs and 6.5 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 30 days if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 260 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is expected based on estimated second order hydrolysis half-lives of 231 and 23 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to Pine oil 85% may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Pine oil 85% is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Pine oil 85% via inhalation, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing Pine oil 85%. Side effects of Pine oil 85% When used in aromatherapy, essential oils can have effects on those who inhale them. However, some essential oils are toxic to pets or dangerous for pregnant women and children. It’s also possible to have skin reactions to these oils, including Pine oil 85%. Possible side effects include: redness; hives; itchiness; dry skin; swelling; peeling skin If you are allergic to pine trees, don’t use Pine oil 85%. While not considered common, some people are allergic to pine pollen. You might be allergic to Pine oil 85% if you develop allergy-like symptoms, such as sneezing or skin rashes. How to use Pine oil 85% Pine oil 85% can be used in a number of different ways, including inhalation and topical variations. Talk to a doctor about the following methods. Use a diffuser Diffusing is one of the most popular ways to use essential oils. You can make a quick, safe room scent by putting a few drops of Pine oil 85% into a diffuser filled with water. Once the device is turned on, the diffuser then releases cool steam. You can purchase a diffuser online. Inhale it If you don’t have a diffuser on hand, you may still reap the aromatic benefits of Pine oil 85% through inhalation. Simply pour a couple of drops on a tissue, and hold the tissue in front of your face while you inhale deeply through your nose. You can also try holding the bottle of essential oil underneath your nose. Apply it topically Pine oil 85% may be used topically, either through direct application or via a massage. It’s important to dilute Pine oil 85% with a carrier oil before applying directly to your skin. Add a tablespoon of almond, jojoba, or coconut oil to a few drops of Pine oil 85%. You can also use this combination for a patch test 24 hours beforehand to make sure you’re not sensitive to pine. Add some to your bath Essential oils can also be used in the bath. Add several drops of the essential oil to warm running water. Watch for slippery surfaces as you get in and out of the tub. Precautions Essential oils like pine are appealing because of their “natural” allure. However, these plant derivatives are powerful enough to mimic the effects of conventional medicine. This is why it’s always a good idea to talk to a doctor before using them, especially if you’re pregnant or have any preexisting health condition. The best way to reduce the risk of side effects is to take safety precautions before using Pine oil 85%: Don’t use essential oils near your eyes. Make sure to combine your essential oils with a carrier oil. Never take essential oils by mouth. Where to get Pine oil 85% Due to the popularity of essential oils, you can find Pine oil 85% in natural health stores, drugstores, and massage clinics. You can also choose from a variety of Pine oil 85% products online. The takeaway While you might know pine for its scent, a lot of medicinal claims are being made about its essential oil. Diffusing Pine oil 85% probably won’t cause any harm, but you should talk to your doctor before using it for any medical purpose. Stop using the oil right away if you experience symptoms of an allergic reaction. Pine oil 85%, essential oil consisting of a colourless to light amber liquid of characteristic odour obtained from pine trees, or a synthetic oil similar in aroma and other properties. Pine oil 85% is used as a solvent for gums, resins, and other substances. It has germicidal properties and is employed medically as a principal constituent of general disinfectants. It is also used in odorants, insecticides, detergents, wetting and emulsifying agents, wax preparations, and antifoaming agents and in textile scouring and the flotation process for refining lead and zinc ores. Pitch-soaked wood of the pine tree, principally Pinus palustris but also certain other species of the family Pinaceae, is subjected to steam distillation, solvent extraction followed by steam distillation, or destructive distillation to obtain the Pine oil 85%, which boils at 200°–220° C (390°–430° F). A variety of similar Pine oil 85% is obtained by distillation of cones and needles of various species of pines or by extraction from the stumps using solvents and steam. Synthetic Pine oil 85% is produced by conversion of terpene hydrocarbons into terpene alcohols. Chemically, Pine oil 85%s consist principally of cyclic terpene alcohols and are used in the manufacture of chemicals. Pine oil 85% is insoluble in water but dissolves in alcohol and other organic solvents. Pine oil has a fresh, woodsy aroma that is refreshing and empowering. When diffused it can help to ground and uplift mood and encourage feelings of positive energy. Pine oil 85%s are directly irritating to mucous membranes, producing erythema of the oropharynx, mouth, and skin. Pine oil 85%s and Turpentine Pine oil 85%s, derived by steam distillation of wood from pines, consist of a mixture of terpene alcohols. Pine oil 85%–based compounds may contain small amounts of phenol derivatives. The concentration of Pine oil 85% in disinfectant cleaners varies from 0.3% to 60%.18 Many “Pine oil 85%” cleaners marketed in the United States are pine scented but contain little or no actual Pine oil 85%, so it is important to check the label on pine-scented cleaners. Pine Sol, one of the most widely used Pine oil 85% cleaners, contains 8% to 12% Pine oil 85%, 3% to 7% alkyl alcohol ethoxylates, 1% to 5% isopropanol, and 1% to 5% sodium petroleum sulfonate in its “Original” formulation19; other cleaners branded as Pine Sol contain no Pine oil 85%. Turpentine is a hydrocarbon mixture of terpenes derived from Pine oil 85% rather than petroleum and is often applied as a paint thinner. The oral LD50 of Pine oil 85% ranges from 1 to 2.7 mL/kg BW. A substantially lower dose results in severe toxicosis.2 Pine oil 85% is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is metabolized by the liver to be excreted in urine as glucuronide conjugates. High concentrations of ingested Pine oil 85% are demonstrable in lung tissue, lending a characteristic pine or turpentine odor to the breath.18 As is true for phenolic compounds, cats are more susceptible than other species to Pine oil 85% toxicoses.20 Pine oil 85%s are directly irritating to mucous membranes, producing erythema of the oropharynx, mouth, and skin. Ocular exposure causes marked blepharospasm, epiphora, photosensitivity, and erythema of the conjunctiva and sclera.2 Ingestion results in nausea, hypersalivation, bloody vomiting, and abdominal pain. Systemic effects include weakness and CNS depression, ataxia, hypotension, and respiratory depression. Pulmonary toxicity is due to aspiration during ingestion or from emesis or may be due to chemical pneumonitis from absorption of the Pine oil 85% through the gastrointestinal tract with subsequent deposition in the lung.18 Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure may develop following massive ingestions. A cat that ingested 100 mL of undiluted Pine Sol had severe depression, ataxia, unresponsive pupils, and shock, and died within 12 hours. Pulmonary edema, acute centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and total renal cortical necrosis were present at necropsy examination. Prompt dilution with milk, egg white, or water should occur following ingestion of Pine oil 85% disinfectants. Because of rapid onset of depression and the danger of aspiration pneumonia, emesis is often contraindicated, and even gastric lavage with placement of a cuffed endotracheal tube poses risk. Dilution should be followed by the administration of activated charcoal and a saline or osmotic cathartic. Symptomatic and supportive care, consisting of maintenance of renal perfusion and acid-base and electrolyte balance, is crucial. Animals that have their dermis exposed should be bathed with soap and then rinsed with copious amounts of water as soon as feasible after the exposure. One of the other advantages of Pine oil 85% in an all purpose cleaner is that it can also function as a disinfecting ingredient, although it is not very broad spectrum (effective primarily against Gram-negative bacteria) and requires fairly high concentrations as compared to other disinfectants. Pine oil 85% acts as a dual purpose ingredient, participating in both cleaning and disinfecting. This is in contrast to quaternary ammonium surfactants, “quats” that do not participate in cleaning and can actually hamper it by interacting with anionic surfactants. Pine oil 85% consists of complex mixtures of monoterpene hydrocarbons (alpha, beta-pinene) and oxygenated monoterpenes (terpineol, borneol, bornyl acetate) [28]. Compared to other disinfectants, antimicrobial activity is relatively low. Concentrated formulations may contain over 50% Pine oil 85% with soap/anionic surfactant and alcohol to provide a blooming effect when diluted in water. End use concentrations of more than 0.5% are often required for disinfection. Quaternary ammonium compounds or phenolics may be combined with reduced levels of Pine oil 85% to improve disinfectant activity while retaining the characteristic pine scent. Pine oil 85% Disinfectants Toxicokinetics Pine oil 85% is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized, with glucuronide conjugation, in the liver. Inhalation, or systemic distribution, of absorbed Pine oil 85% to the lungs may cause chemical pneumonitis. Conjugates are excreted in the urine, although if a large amount has been ingested, there may be a pine or turpentine odor to the breath. The LD50 of Pine oil 85% is in the range 1–2.5 mL/kg BW. Cats, because of their limited capacity for glucuronidation, are particularly susceptible to toxicosis. Mode(s) of Action Pine oil 85% is directly irritating to mucous membranes, and is also a central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory depressant. Public Health Considerations Pine oil 85% poses the same risk to human beings, especially preschool children, as it does to domestic pets. Prevention Pine oil 85% and Pine oil 85%-based compounds should be stored out of reach of small children or pets, and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions. Pine oil 85% is an essential oil obtained by the steam distillation of needles, twigs and comes from a variety of species of pine, particularly Pinus sylvestris. It has a strong piny odor and is miscible with alcohol. Pine oil 85% contains alpha-terpineol plus other cyclic terpene alcohols and terpene hydrocarbons. Use: Pine oil 85% is a derivative of turpentine obtained by steam distillation of the species Pinus. Pine oil 85% has a strong piny odor and is miscible with alcohol. Pine oil 85% contains alpha-terpineol plus other cyclic terpene alcohols and terpene hydrocarbons. Pine oil 85% is mainly applied in the production of household detergent, industrial cleaner, high quality ink and paint solvent owing to its pleasant pine smell, notable antimicrobial power and excellent solvency, low concentration ones can be used as foaming agent in ore floatation. Pine oil 85% is a phenolic disinfectant. It is generally effective against numerous bacterial strains and enveloped viruses. Pine oil 85% is not generally effective against non-enveloped viruses or spores. Pine oil 85% will kill the causative agents of typhoid, gastroenteritis, rabies, enteric fever, cholera, several forms of meningitis, whooping cough, gonorrhea and several types of dysentery. Pine oil 85% is also effective against several of the leading causes of food poisoning. Pine oil 85% is not effective against spore related illneses such as tetanus or anthrax or against non-enveloped viruses such as poliovirus, rhinovirus, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Pine oil 85% disinfectants are relatively inexpensive and widely available. They have a relatively low human toxicity level. They also have a low corrosion level and limited persistence. Pine oil 85% is derived from the needles of the Pine Tree, commonly recognized as the traditional Christmas tree. The scent of Pine oil 85% is known for having a clarifying, uplifting, and invigorating effect. Used in aromatherapy applications, Pine oil 85% positively impacts the mood by clearing the mind of stresses, energizing the body to help eliminate fatigue, enhancing concentration, and promoting a positive outlook. Used topically, Pine oil 85% is reputed to soothe itchiness, inflammation, and dryness, control excessive perspiration, prevent fungal infections, protect minor abrasions from developing infections, slow the appearance of signs of aging, and enhance circulation. When applied to the hair, Pine oil 85% is reputed to cleanse, enhance the hair’s natural smoothness and shine, contribute moisture, and protect against dandruff as well as lice. Used medicinally, Pine oil 85% is reputed to support immune function, clear the respiratory tract, address symptoms of colds, coughs, sinusitis, asthma, and the flu, and facilitate the healing of infections. Used in massage applications, Pine oil 85% is known to soothe inflammation, soreness, aches, pain, and gout; to stimulate and enhance circulation; to facilitate the healing of scratches, cuts, wounds, and burns; to promote the regeneration of new skin; to reduce pain; to relieve muscle fatigue; to promote the body’s detoxification; to maintain the health and function of the urinary tract and the kidneys; and to regulate body weight. HISTORY OF Pine oil 85% USAGE The Pine tree is easily recognized as the “Christmas Tree,” but it is also commonly cultivated for its wood, which is rich in resin and is thus ideal for use as fuel, as well as for making a pitch, tar, and turpentine, substances that are traditionally used in construction and painting. In folk tales, the height of the Pine tree has led to its symbolic reputation as a tree that loves the sunlight and is always growing taller in order to catch the beams. This is a belief that is shared throughout many cultures, which also refer to it as “The Master of Light” and “The Torch Tree.” Accordingly, in the region of Corsica, it is burned as a spiritual offering so that it can emit a source of light. In some Native American tribes, the tree is called “The Watchman of the Sky.” In history, the Pine tree’s needles were used as filling for mattresses, as they were believed to have the ability to protect against fleas and lice. In ancient Egypt, pine kernels, better known as Pine Nuts, were used in culinary applications. The needles were also chewed to protect against scurvy. In ancient Greece, Pine was believed to have been used by physicians like Hippocrates to address respiratory ailments. For other applications, the tree’s bark was also used for its believed ability to reduce symptoms of colds, to calm inflammation and headaches, to soothe sores and infections, and to ease respiratory discomforts. Today, Pine oil 85% continues to be used for similar therapeutic benefits. It has also become a popular aroma in cosmetics, toiletries, soaps, and detergents. This article highlights the various other benefits, properties, and safe uses of Pine oil 85%. Pine oil 85% BENEFITS It is believed to have cleansing, stimulating, uplifting, and invigorating effects. When diffused, its purifying and clarifying properties are known to positively impact the mood by clearing the mind of stresses, energizing the body to help eliminate fatigue, enhancing concentration, and promoting a positive outlook. These qualities also make it beneficial for spiritual practices, such as meditation. Used topically, such as in cosmetics, the antiseptic and antimicrobial properties of Pine oil 85% are known to help soothe skin conditions characterized by itchiness, inflammation, and dryness, such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. These properties combined with its ability to help control excessive perspiration, may help prevent fungal infections, such as Athlete’s Foot. It is also known to effectively protect minor abrasions, such as cuts, scrapes, and bites, from developing infections. Its antioxidant properties make Pine oil 85% ideal for use in natural formulations intended to slow the appearance of signs of aging, including fine lines, wrinkles, sagging skin, and age spots. Furthermore, its circulation-stimulating property promotes a warming effect. When applied to the hair, Pine oil 85% is reputed to exhibit an antimicrobial property that cleanses to remove bacteria as well as a build-up of excess oil, dead skin, and dirt. This helps prevent inflammation, itchiness, and infection, which in turn enhances the hair’s natural smoothness and shine. It contributes moisture to eliminate and protect against dandruff, and it nourishes to maintain the health of the scalp and strands. Pine oil 85% is also one of the oils known to protect against lice. Used medicinally, Pine oil 85% is reputed to exhibit antimicrobial properties that support immune function by eliminating harmful bacteria, both airborne and on the skin’s surface. By clearing the respiratory tract of phlegm and soothing other symptoms of colds, coughs, sinusitis, asthma, and the flu, its expectorant and decongestant properties promote easier breathing and facilitate the healing of infections. Used in massage applications, Pine oil 85% is known to soothe muscles and joints that may be afflicted with arthritis and rheumatism or other conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, aches, and pain. By stimulating and enhancing circulation, it helps facilitate the healing of scratches, cuts, wounds, burns, and even scabies, as it promotes the regeneration of new skin and helps reduce pain. It is also reputed to help relieve muscle fatigue. Additionally, its diuretic properties help promote the body’s detoxification by encouraging the expulsion of pollutants and contaminants, such as excess water, urate crystals, salts, and fats. This helps maintain the health and function of the urinary tract and the kidneys. This effect also helps regulate body weight. As illustrated, Pine oil 85% is reputed to have many therapeutic properties. The following highlights its many benefits and the kinds of activity it is believed to show: COSMETIC: Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, Deodorant, Energizing, Cleansing, Moisturizing, Refreshing, Soothing, Circulation-Stimulating, Smoothing ODOROUS: Calming, Clarifying, Deodorant, Energizing, Focus-Enhancing, Freshening, Insecticidal, Invigorating, Uplifting MEDICINAL: Antibacterial, Antiseptic, Anti-Fungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Analgesic, Decongestant, Detoxifying, Diuretic, Energizing, Expectorant, Soothing, Stimulating, Immune-Enhancing Pine oil 85% USES By diffusing Pine oil 85%, whether on its own or in a blend, indoor environments benefit from the elimination of stale odors and harmful airborne bacteria, such as those that cause colds and the flu. To deodorize and freshen a room with the crisp, fresh, warm, and comforting aroma of Pine oil 85%, add 2-3 drops to a diffuser of choice and allow the diffuser to run for no more than 1 hour. This helps to reduce or clear nasal/sinus congestion. Alternatively, it may be blended with other essential oils that have woody, resinous, herbaceous, and citrusy aromas. In particular, Pine oil 85% blends well with the oils of Bergamot, Cedarwood, Citronella, Clary Sage, Coriander, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Grapefruit, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Myrrh, Niaouli, Neroli, Peppermint, Ravensara, Rosemary, Sage, Sandalwood, Spikenard, Tea Tree, and Thyme. To create a Pine oil 85% room spray, simply dilute Pine oil 85% in a glass spray bottle filled with water. This can be sprayed around the house, in the car, or in any other indoor environment in which a considerable amount of time is spent. These simple diffuser methods are reputed to help purify indoor environments, promote mental alertness, clarity, and positivity, and to enhance energy as well as productivity. This makes Pine oil 85% ideal for diffusion during tasks that require increased focus and awareness, such as work or school projects, religious or spiritual practices, and driving. Diffusing Pine oil 85% also helps soothe coughing, whether it is linked to a cold or to excessive smoking. It is also believed to ease symptoms of hangovers. Massage blends enriched with Pine oil 85% are also reputed to have the same effects on the mind, helping to promote clarity, ease mental stresses, strengthen attentiveness, and improve memory. For a simple massage blend, dilute 4 drops of Pine oil 85% in 30 ml (1 oz.) of a body lotion or a carrier oil, then massage it into areas affected with tightness or soreness caused by physical exertion, such as exercise or outdoor activities. This is gentle enough for use on sensitive skin and is believed to soothe aching muscles as well as minor skin ailments, such as itching, pimples, eczema, psoriasis, sores, scabies. In addition, it is also reputed to soothe gout, arthritis, injuries, exhaustion, inflammation, and congestion. To use this recipe as a natural vapor rub blend that promotes easier breathing and soothes a sore throat, massage it into the neck, chest, and upper back to help reduce congestion and comfort the respiratory tract. For a hydrating, cleansing, clarifying, and soothing facial serum, dilute 1-3 drops of Pine oil 85% in 1 teaspoon of a lightweight carrier oil, such as Almond or Jojoba. This blend is reputed to have purifying, smoothing, and firming qualities. Its antioxidant properties are reputed to result in skin that feels smoother, suppler, balanced, and younger, while its analgesic properties are reputed to reduce pain and swelling. For a balancing and detoxifying bath blend that is also reputed to enhance energy as well as metabolic function and speed, dilute 5-10 drops of Pine oil 85% in 30 ml (1 oz.) of a carrier oil and add it to a bathtub filled with warm water. This helps to eliminate infection-causing bacteria and viruses that may be on the skin. To enhance the health of the hair and the scalp by eliminating fungus-causing bacteria and by soothing itchiness, simply dilute 10-12 drops of Pine oil 85% in ½ cup of a regular shampoo that has minimal or no scent. This simple shampoo blend is believed to help get rid of lice. PINE SCOTCH OIL SIDE EFFECTS As with all other New Directions Aromatics products, Pine oil 85% is for external use only. It is imperative to consult a medical practitioner before using this oil for therapeutic purposes. Pregnant and nursing women are especially advised not to use Pine oil 85% without the medical advice of a physician, as it may have an effect on certain hormone secretions and it is unclear whether these effects are transferable to babies at these stages of development. The oil should always be stored in an area that is inaccessible to children, especially those under the age of 7. Those with the following health conditions are recommended to be advised by a physician: cancer, heart-related ailments, skin disorders, hypertension, or hormone-related ailments. Individuals that are taking prescription drugs, undergoing major surgery, or who are at a greater risk of experiencing strokes, heart attacks, or atherosclerosis are also advised to seek medical consultation prior to use. Prior to using Pine oil 85%, a skin test is recommended. This can be done by diluting 1 drop of the Essential Oil in 4 drops of a Carrier Oil and applying a dime-size amount of this blend to a small area of skin that is not sensitive. Pine oil 85% must never be used near the eyes, inner nose, and ears, or on any other particularly sensitive areas of skin. Potential side effects of Pine oil 85% include mild irritation of the respiratory tract. Pine oil 85% is an essential oil obtained by the steam distillation of stumps,[2] needles, twigs and cones[3] from a variety of species of pine, particularly Pinus sylvestris. As of 1995, synthetic Pine oil 85% was the "biggest single turpentine derivative."[4] Synthetic Pine oil 85%s accounted for 90% of sales as of 2000. In alternative medicine, it is said to be used in aromatherapy, as a scent in bath oils or more commonly as a cleaning product, and as a lubricant in small and expensive clockwork instruments. It may also be used varyingly as a disinfectant, sanitizer, microbicide (or microbistat), virucide or insecticide.[6] It is also used as an effective herbicide where its

Piroctone Olamine Piroctone olamine (INN; also known as piroctone ethanolamine; brand name Octopirox) is a compound sometimes used in the treatment of fungal infections.[1] Piroctone olamine is the ethanolamine salt of the hydroxamic acid derivative piroctone. Piroctone olamine is often used in anti-dandruff shampoo as a replacement for the commonly used compound zinc pyrithione. Piroctone olamine is structurally similar to ciclopirox and pyrithione, containing a substituted pyridine (pyridinone) group which inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Piroctone olamine is a preservative also used for its antifungal functions in anti-dandruff shampoos. It is forbidden in organic. Restriction in Europe: Maximum concentration in ready-to-use preparation Maximum content of secondary amine: 0.5% Other restrictions: - Do not use with nitrosating systems - Minimum purity: 99% - Maximum content of secondary amine: 0.5% (applies to raw materials) - Maximum nitrosamine content: 50 micrograms / kg - Keep in containers without nitrite If used as a conservator: The maximum concentration allowed in ready-to-use cosmetic preparations is: - 1.0% in the products to be rinsed - 0,5% in other products Its functions (INCI) Preservative : Inhibits the development of microorganisms in cosmetic products. Anti dandruff : Helps fight against dandruff Piroctone olamine is an active, dandruff-fighting ingredient used in some of our shampoos. How does it work? Piroctone olamine has anti-fungal properties that make it ideal for controlling the root cause of dandruff, a commonly occurring fungus called Malassezia globosa. The fungus occurs naturally on everyone’s scalp, but some people are sensitive to the chemicals it produces. The skin becomes irritated, and the body reacts by rapidly shedding skin to try and get rid of the irritant, causing flaking. Stopping this process is the key to stopping dandruff. We use piroctone olamine (PO) in our shampoos because it’s an effective active ingredient which targets not just the symptoms of dandruff, but its root cause – Malassezia globosa. Unlike some other dandruff actives you may have heard of, piroctone olamine has a special chemical structure that is easy to dissolve in our shampoo formula, which means that we can design the product to give your hair extra benefits like smoothness and softness. All this means that not only do you get the anti-dandruff properties you’d expect from Head & Shoulders shampoo, but hair that’s great looking and delightfully soft too. Piroctone Olamine, also known under the brand name ‘Octopirox’, is a compound that has a similar effect on dandruff as the well-known ingredient Ketoconazole. Studies on the effectiveness of Piroctone Olamine show that it also stimulates hair growth and helps against hereditary hair loss. Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis can cause hair loss and thinning hair. It is assumed that dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis are caused by the Malassezia globose, a single cell fungus on the skin that occurs only on the scalp. Often times, the problem will not go away on its own and requires continues treatment. PIROCTONE OLAMINE COMPARED WITH KETOCONAZOLE Ketoconazole and Piroctone Olamine were compared in a study with 150 men who suffer from hereditary hair loss and dandruff *. The 150 subjects used a shampoo with 1% Ketoconazole or 1% Piroctone Olamine, 2 to 3 times per week for six months. Both treatments show a reduction in itching and dandruff after 2 to 6 weeks. The effect of the treatments on various hair growth parameters is as follows (in percentages): The severity of hair loss decreases (Ketoconazole: -17.3%, Piroctone Olamine: -16.5%) The percentage of hairs in the anagen (growth) phase increases (Ketoconazole 4.9%, Piroctone Olamine: 7.9%) The effect on the hair diameter is increased (Ketoconazole 5.4%, Piroctone Olamine 7.7%). So the study shows that Piroctone Olamine scores better in a number of areas in comparison to Ketoconazole**: Compared to Ketoconazole, Piroctone Olamine ensures an increase in the number of hairs in the anagen (growth) phase by more than 10% in 33% of people. Piroctone Olamine gives 88% of the people thicker hair, despite hereditary hair loss, whereby this is 78% with Ketoconazole. The amount of people that experience a significant increase (more than 10%) of the hair diameter is 28% with Ketoconazole and as much as 34% with Piroctone Olamine (10% larger diameter means that the hair became 20% heavier). CONCLUSION The above results show that Piroctone Olamine works effectively against dandruff and itching and stimulates hair growth in multiple ways. Piroctone Olamine stimulates hair growth by decreasing hair loss, increasing the number of hairs in the growth phase and increasing the hair diameter. When compared to the well-known ingredient Ketoconazole, Piroctone Olamine has a similar effect on itch and dandruff and scores better when it comes to hair growth. * In this study, Zinc Pyrithione was included, which we will leave out of the picture seeing the minimal results that came forward. ** With the number of subjects that was used, it is not possible to significantly determine the differences between Ketoconazole and Piroctone Olamine statistically. Botanical / INCI Piroctone Olamine Extraction method Piroctone Olamine is a particular salt that is also known as Octopirox and Piroctone ethanolamine. It is a compound, which is often used to cure fungal infections. This salt is a hydroxamic acid derivative Piroctone. Suggested use One in every three persons suffers from a problem related to their hair. Whether it is dandruff, loss of hair, slow growth of hair or split ends, the masses are struggling to find a solution to their hair problems. And in this search for the solution, they often find themselves looking at different shampoos and conditioners to solve the problem. The issue is that most people end up selecting famous shampoos and conditioners, which may not necessarily be the most effective ones. The most effective are not usually the ones which are famous (as anything can become famous if it is marketed and advertised well), they are the ones that have the appropriate ingredients. Piroctone Olamine is the answer to that question. Benefits Shampoos, which have Piroctone Olamine as one of their ingredients, are known to eliminate dandruff. However, before we learn how they cure dandruff, we must know what causes dandruff in the first place. Dandruff is caused due to fungal growth, excess sebum secretion and local inflammations. Often all these together cause dandruff. Moreover, when the scalp’s skin renewal process is impaired, the excess dead cells form clumps on the head and seem like visible flakes to the eye, which are termed as dandruff. Excess sebum also acts as an ingredient for the growth of fungus on the scalp, which increases the acids on the scalp that cause irritation and itching. This leads to local inflammation, which enhances the growth of cells leading to the formation of flakes that seem like dandruff on the scalp. The reason why shampoos with Piroctone Olamine can reduce and eliminate dandruff is that Piroctone Olamine is known to kill the fungus or the fungal infections that irritate the scalp. Moreover, Piroctone Olamine is also well known for reducing hair loss and promoting the growth of hair. Due to these many benefits, Piroctone Olamine is considered a great ingredient in shampoos. Precaution However, just like excess of anything is bad, too much of Piroctone Olamine can be bad for the scalp too. This is precisely why shampoos with Piroctone Olamine have a very minor amount of it so that its side effects do not affect the scalp in any way. It should be kept in mind that shampoos with Piroctone Olamine should not be used more than twice a week, unlike other daily use shampoos that don’t have this ingredient. One of the biggest side effects of Piroctone Olamine is that it can cause irritation and itchiness on the head. So next time you go for shampoo shopping, take a look at shampoos with the right ingredients. Origin Piroctone Olamine is of petrochemical origin and helps treat dandruff. There is no natural alternative that comes close to being as effective as this. Solubility The solubility of Piroctone Olamine is greatly dependent on the pH. Generally speaking, its solubility in aqueous formulations is greater in the neutral and weakly alkaline ranges than in the acid range (formation of free acid). Piroctone Olamine does however have adequate solubility in the usual pH range (pH5 – 8) in commercial surfactant solutions and alcohol-water mixtures. The solubility of Piroctone Olamine in ethanol water mixtures at pH 7 and 20 °C is shown in figure 1. Piroctone olamine is used in combination with other substances as a part of shampoo effectively reduced the amount of dandruff and, at the same time, provided hair conditioning advantages. Recently was shown, that piroctone olamine could induce apoptosis and possessed a significant in vivo effect against myeloma. Never-ending dandruff making you feel less confident? This is a major concern faced by almost every other person. Dandruff weakens your scalp and leads to many other severe scalp issues. Therefore, it needs to be checked at the very beginning. But the question is, how? Piroctone Olamine [1] is a widely known compound used in many hair care products. In this article, we take a look at how piroctone olamine helps you get rid of dandruff. Read on to learn more. What Is Piroctone Olamine? Piroctone Olamine has a petrochemical origin. It is an ethanolamine [2] salt extracted from hydroxamic acid [3] derivative piroctone. Typically, piroctone olamine is an alternative to the commonly used compound zinc pyrithione [4]. Almost everyone faces hair related issues like dandruff, hair loss, slow hair growth, and split ends. Shampoos containing piroctone olamine are effective in treating various kinds of hair problems. Benefits Of Piroctone Olamine 1. Cures Dandruff Malassezia Globosa [5] is not a friendly fungus found in your scalp. It is the main reason behind scalp issues like dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis [6]. Your scalp becomes irritated and starts shedding tiny flakes. In severe cases, you will notice inflammation, redness, and extremely itchy patches. If you want to prevent your scalp from worsening, it’s essential to control the situation promptly. Piroctone Olamine has antifungal properties, which will help you control the spread of Malassezia globosa. Use an anti-dandruff shampoo containing piroctone olamine to fight dandruff. 2. Prevents Hair Loss Regardless of your gender and age, you may face hair fall, mostly caused due to dirt, dust, pollution, dandruff, excessive use of hair styling tools, etc. Dandruff makes your scalp itchy, which leads to constant scratching, redness, and hair follicle damage. Even though hair fall due to dandruff is not a significant concern but in people with androgenic alopecia [7] (a condition that leads to baldness), Piroctone Olamine is a proven cure for reducing hair fall. As it effectively works on dandruff and fungal infections, naturally, your hair loss decreases over time. 3. Boosts Hair Growth Piroctone Olamine encourages hair growth in many ways. It reduces hair fall and increases the hair diameter. It is often compared to Ketoconazole, which is a widely used ingredient for dandruff, but Piroctone Olamine provides better results for dandruff and fungal infections. Side Effects Of Piroctone Olamine EWG [9] (Environmental Working Group) has classified piroctone olamine as a non-toxic ingredient. However, anything is harmful when it is overused, and the same goes for piroctone olamine. This is why shampoos with piroctone olamine use a tiny proportion of it to keep any side effects at bay. Piroctone Olamine is generally safe even for pregnant women, but we suggest taking a gynecologist’s advice before using it. Wrapping Up Dandruff can be a real trouble maker and can cost you your precious locks. But piroctone olamine can be a solution for dandruff and other major hair problems. Now that you know the benefits of piroctone olamine, you can opt for hair care products that include it. SkinKraft Dry Scalp And Anti-Dandruff Shampoo contains piroctone olamine as an active ingredient to fight dandruff and provide intense moisturization. Abstract Dandruff is a chronic scalp disorder characterized by scaling and itching. A successful anti-dandruff shampoo not only has to provide superior anti-dandruff relief to ensure patient compliance. It also needs to offer excellent cosmetic and hair conditioning benefits at the same time. In this study, the efficacy of a shampoo containing 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole (shampoo 1) was compared with a widely available commercial shampoo containing 1% zinc pyrithione (shampoo 2). In vitro studies investigating the anti-mycotic efficacy of a combination of 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole as well as 1% zinc pyrithione were performed. To study substantivity, pig skin punches were used as a model system and a test of wet combability was performed to characterize combing ease. In vivo home-in-use studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of both shampoos to improve scalp condition and reduce itching in subjects suffering from moderate to severe dandruff. Results demonstrated a comparable anti-fungal effectiveness for 0.5% piroctone olamine plus 0.45% climbazole and 1% zinc pyrithione, respectively. Shampoo 1 showed a significantly higher anti-mycotics substantivity compared to shampoo 2. After treatment with shampoo 1, the wet combing force was significantly reduced compared with shampoo 2, suggesting a better combability following the use of shampoo 1. In an in vivo split head design study, shampoo 1 was shown to be equally effective in reducing the amount of dandruff on the scalp compared with shampoo 2. The approval rate of volunteers regarding the question 'The use of this shampoo decreases the itching of my scalp?' after a 4-week treatment with shampoo 1 equaled 90%. Overall, the shampoo formulation with 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole effectively reduces the amount of dandruff and, at the same time, provides hair conditioning advantages. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of piroctone olamine, an antidandruff active, on reproductive performance, fertility, parturition, and neonatal viability and growth. Piroctone olamine was administered orally by gavage to three groups of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats each beginning 64 days prior to mating and continuing until euthanized and to three groups of 35 female Sprague-Dawley rats each beginning 14 days prior to mating and continuing until euthanized. Animals in the treated groups received piroctone olamine in a combination of 1.0% methylcellulose and polyethylene glycol 400 as a single daily dose at levels of 0, 10, 100, and 250 mg/kg/day, at a volume of 2.5 ml/kg. The control group received the vehicle only. Ten randomly selected females/group were mated and underwent a uterine examination on Gestation Day 13; the remaining females were allowed to deliver. Because earlier studies reported hematological effects, blood samples were collected from all parental animals during acclimation and prior to euthanasia for hematological and blood chemistry (Gestation Day 13 females) characterization. The parental animals were necropsied and tissues were grossly examined. Systemic effects induced by the test article were seen at the mid- and high-dose levels but only among the male rats. These effects were reduced body weight and decreased liver weights. Hematological findings representative of anemia occurred at the high-dose level, as did rales in several animals. Offspring growth was inhibited for the high-dose group as evidenced by significantly reduced mean weight values throughout lactation. The remaining parameters assessed, including mating ability and reproductive performance, were not affected by treatment at any dosage level tested. In summary, the no observable effect level of piroctone olamine with respect to systemic toxicity was considered to be 10 mg/kg/day. Neonatal growth was not affected at 100 mg/kg/day or less, and the no observable effect level with respect to reproductive parameters, including fertility, was 250 mg/kg/day. Piroctone Olamine is one of the more recent active ingredients found in dandruff shampoos. Designed to treat seborrheic dermatitis and dry scalp piroctone olamine is one of the most innovative areas of dandruff treatment on the market today. We’re consistently seeing some of the most exciting new shampoo formulations with this active ingredient – high-end cosmetic manufacturers and dermatologists alike. Some of our much-loved favorites use this active ingredient. It doesn’t quite pack the punch of ketoconzole or selenium sulfide, but it’s much gentler too. As an everyday shampoo, I find the ingredient to be first class. I constantly have a piroctone olamine shampoo on hand for those times I don’t have a bad breakout so I don’t have to use a harsher ingredient. Before looking at our favorite shampoos, in true Dandruff Deconstructed fashion, we’ll present the facts. So you can work out if it’s the ingredient for you. What Is Piroctone Olamine? Piroctone olamine is an ingredient found in dandruff shampoos and topical skin products. Also called piroctone ethanolamine and sold under the brand name “Octopirox”, piroctone olamine is an antifungal and antimicrobial compound used to treat fungal infections of the skin, including scalp infections that cause dandruff. Piroctone olamine often replaces the more commonly used zinc pyrithione in anti-dandruff shampoos. As an active ingredient, it may be present in creams, lotions, rinses and other products. It is also used as a preservative and a thickening agent in cosmetic products. When used as a preservative, piroctone olamine prevents the growth of germs in the product to extend its shelf life and ensure user safety. Where did it come from? Piroctone olamine has been used for around 40 years, first developed by Schwarzkopf-Henkel (a subsidiary of Hoechst AG*) for use in anti-dandruff shampoo in the late 1970s. All the initial clinical and safety studies were conducted by Hoechst AG, but this changed in the mid-1990s when other cosmetics companies began using the ingredient [1]. Piroctone olamine was first submitted for approval to the European Union and United States FDA in the 1980s [2]. The ingredient was first approved for addition to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) in 2008, after the FDA sought additional safety and effectiveness data in 2004 [3]. How Does Piroctone Olamine Work? It is thought that the malassezia fungus is responsible for seborrheic dermatitis. Piroctone olamine is an ethanolamine salt of piroctone, with a complex (and not fully understood) anti-fungal mechanism. One proposed mechanism of action is the formation of molecular complexes with iron, which may inhibit fungal cells from effectively utilising energy [4]. It is known to the particularly effective against Malassezia yeasts – and so has a role in the treatment of seb derm. How Effective Is Piroctone Olamine? Piroctone olamine, despite the recent upsurge in usage, has historically not been a hugely popular ingredient. So very few independent clinical studies have been performed. Its main advantage is that it’s well tolerated, and so can be used frequently to control mild dandruff, but this hasn’t been properly evaluated. Seb Derm Seb Derm is thought it be associated with a Malassezia yeast on the scalp, with anti-fungal shampoos used to reduce this growth. Very few high-quality clinical trials have been performed on the efficacy of piroctone olamine-based shampoos. In 2010, researchers at the cosmetic company Beiersdorf published data suggesting a piroctone olamine/climbazole combination shampoo was equally as effective at reducing dandruff compared to zinc pyrithione in 50 participants – although more research is required [5]. More positive results came from a study [6] that compared shampoos containing a combination of piroctone olamine and salicylic acid with coal tar shampoo. The piroctone olamine combination shampoo achieved the largest reduction in Malassezia over an eight-week period. Dry Scalp The 2010 Beiersdorf study found that the combined antifungal shampoo improved ‘wet combing’ on mannequins over a zinc pyrithione shampoo [5]. This easier combing is thought to reduce the need for frequent washing, but this is proposed and not proven. Where can I buy Piroctone Olamine Shampoos? Piroctone olamine is not regulated as a medicine, and so all formulations can be bought from supermarkets or pharmacies. The ingredient is permitted up to 1.0% in rinse-off cosmetics (e.g. shampoos) in both the EU and US. [Note: There’s no straightforward way to tell if a shampoo is utilizing the ingredient as a preservative or active ingredient – as the exact concentration isn’t required by regulators – and so you should always read the product description.] What Are the Possible Side Effects of Piroctone Olamine? Extensive safety studies have been performed on piroctone olamine for submission to various regulatory agencies. The largest human safety trial was conducted in France, and found that application of a 1.0% cream three times a day caused no adverse effects or sensitivity over a four-week period. The FDA review of safety data in 2004, noted that no significant health effects have been observed in use since the 1970s [1] The Seven Best Piroctone Olamine Shampoos There have been some outstanding Piroctone Olamine treatments released this past few years. More than any other active ingredient I can think of. The top 3 of the following shampoos would make my top ten dandruff shampoos with any active ingredient. All three would potentially make my top five! Piroctone olamine, also known as piroctone ethanolamine, is a compound sometimes used in the treatment of fungal infections. Piroctone olamine is the ethanolamine salt of the hydroxamic acid derivative piroctone. It is often used in anti-dandruff shampoo as a replacement for the commonly used compound zinc pyrithione. Piroctone olamine is an effective, practically nontoxic antidandruff active ingredient. It is particularly suitable for the manufacture of antidandruff shampoos and hair care products such as hair tonics and cream rinses with an antidandruff action.

4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLANE; PINACOLBORANE; Pinacolboronane; 4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLANE, 1M SOLUTION IN TETRAHYDROFURAN; 1,3,2-Dioxaborolane, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-; 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane solution; Pinacolborane (PINB); 4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXA-&; 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3-dioxa-2$l^{2}-boracyclopentane; 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborole; 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3-dioxa-2-boracyclopentane CAS NO:25015-63-8

cas no 85-44-9 1,3-Isobenzofuranidone; 1,3-Dioxophthalan; Phthalandione; 1,3 Phthalandione; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride; Phthalic acid anhydride; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride; 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxoisobenzofuran;

SYNONYMS Diethylenediamine; Diethyleneimine; Dispermine;Antiren; Hexahydropyrazine; Piperazidine; Pipersol; Pyrazine hexahydride; Uvilon; 1,4-Diazacyclohexane; 1,4-Piperazine; 1,4-Diethylenediamine; Piperazin (German); N,N-Diethylenediamine; Hexahydro-1,4-diazine; Piperazidine; Pyrazine hexahydrate; Piperazin CAS NO: 110-85-0

PLURONIC FT L 61 PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word PLURONIC FT L 61 was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, PLURONIC FT L 61, and Kolliphor. PLURONIC FT L 61 comes in many different forms and grades, including PLURONIC FT L 61 188 Surfactant, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of PLURONIC FT L 61 for your lab needs. PLURONIC FT L 61 is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different PLURONIC FT L 61s exist that have slightly different properties. For the generic term PLURONIC FT L 61, these copolymers are commonly named with the letter P (for PLURONIC FT L 61) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = PLURONIC FT L 61 with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mo} PLURONIC FT L 61 and a 70% polyoxyethylene content). For the PLURONIC FT L 61 and Synperonic tradenames, coding of these copolymers starts with a letter to define PLURONIC FT L 61’s physical form at room temperature (L = liquid, P = paste, F = flake (solid)) followed by two or three digits, The first digit (two digits in a three-digit number) in the numerical designation, multiplied by 300, indicates the approximate molecular weight of the hydrophobe; and the last digit x 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g., L61 indicates a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 1800 g/mol and a 10% polyoxyethylene content). In the example given, PLURONIC FT L 61 181 (P181) = PLURONIC FT L 61 L61 and Synperonic PE/L 61. Work led by Kabanov has recently shown that some of these polymers, originally thought to be inert carrier molecules, have a very real effect on biological systems independently of the drug they are transporting. The PLURONIC FT L 61s have been shown to incorporate into cellular membranes affecting the microviscosity of the membranes. The polymers seem to have the greatest effect when absorbed by the cell as an unimer rather than as a micelle. ). PLURONIC FT L 61 comes in many different forms and grades, including PLURONIC FT L 61 188 Surfactant, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of PLURONIC FT L 61 for your lab needs. PLURONIC FT L 61 is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic compounds that contains a large group of copolymers surfactants formed by chains of ethylene oxide block (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) (OEx–POy–OEx). PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word PLURONIC FT L 61 was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, PLURONIC FT L 61, and Kolliphor. PLURONIC FT L 61s have been shown to preferentially target cancer cells, due to differences in the membrane of these cells when compared to noncancer cells. PLURONIC FT L 61s have also been shown to inhibit MDR proteins and other drug efflux transporters on the surface of cancer cells; the MDR proteins are responsible for the efflux of drugs from the cells and hence increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin. PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word PLURONIC FT L 61 was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, PLURONIC FT L 61, and Kolliphor. The PLURONIC FT L 61s have also been shown to enhance proto-apoptotic signaling, decrease anti-apoptoic defense in MDR cells, inhibit the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system, induce the release of cytochrome C, increase reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm, and abolish drug sequestering within cytoplasmic vesicles. An important characteristic of PLURONIC FT L 61 solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of PLURONIC FT L 61s are PLURONIC FT L 61s and poloxamines are also known as macromolecules, respectively. PLURONIC FT L 61s are a family of more than 50 different amphiphilic nonionic block polymers of hydrophobic propylene oxide (PO) and hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO), covering a range of liquids, pastes and solids. PLURONIC FT L 61s consist of a central polyoxypropylene (POP) molecule, which is flanked on both sides by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE). A slightly different structure is exhibited by the poloxamines, which are tetrafunctional block copolymers with four POE–POP blocks joined together by a central ethylene diamine bridgeliquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in PLURONIC FT L 61s depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. PLURONIC FT L 61s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Assessment of PLURONIC FT L 61s PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, and PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics. PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are PLURONIC FT L 61 PLURONIC FT L 61 68, PLURONIC FT L 61 88, PLURONIC FT L 61 98, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407. PLURONIC FT L 61 comes in many different forms and grades, including PLURONIC FT L 61 188 Surfactant, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of PLURONIC FT L 61 for your lab needs. PLURONIC FT L 61 is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word PLURONIC FT L 61 was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, PLURONIC FT L 61, and Kolliphor. PLURONIC FT L 61s and poloxamines are also known as macromolecules, respectively. PLURONIC FT L 61s are a family of more than 50 different amphiphilic nonionic block polymers of hydrophobic propylene oxide (PO) and hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO), covering a range of liquids, pastes and solids. PLURONIC FT L 61s consist of a central polyoxypropylene (POP) molecule, which is flanked on both sides by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE). A slightly different structure is exhibited by the poloxamines, which are tetrafunctional block copolymers with four POE–POP blocks joined together by a central ethylene diamine bridgeliquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in PLURONIC FT L 61s depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most PLURONIC FT L 61s using a great variety of experimental techniques (e.g. SAXS, PLURONIC FT L 61s (PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, PLURONIC FT L 61 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. PLURONIC FT L 61s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products. PLURONIC FT L 61s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. They also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. PLURONIC FT L 61 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.Differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurements, light scattering). PLURONIC FT L 61s are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. The presence of PEO and PPO blocks in a single polymer chain gives rise to essentially amphiphilic molecules whose self-assembling properties display a wide range of phase behavior. This ability to form micelles and liquid-crystalline phases is strongly temperature dependent since increasing the temperature allows self-association which decreases the critical micelle concentration (CMC). PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘PLURONIC FT L 61’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for PLURONIC FT L 61s in 1973. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by their trade name PLURONIC FT L 61s. Concentrated PLURONIC FT L 61 solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial PLURONIC FT L 61 407 have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery. Solutions of PLURONIC FT L 61 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature PLURONIC FT L 61s form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of PLURONIC FT L 61 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between PLURONIC FT L 61 ‘blocks’ and linking of PLURONIC FT L 61s into structures of a higher molecular mass118 PLURONIC FT L 61 were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. PLURONIC FT L 61 is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO). PLURONIC FT L 61s and poloxamine nonionic surfactants have diverse applications in various biomedical fields ranging from drug delivery and medical imaging to management of vascular diseases and disorders. Another important property of PLURONIC FT L 61s is their thermogelling behaviour: in fact, water dispersions of some of these polymers are generally in the liquid phase at low temperatures but become a strong gel at increased temperatures. Certain PLURONIC FT L 61s such as P85 have been shown not only to be able to transport target genes to target cells, but also to increase gene expression. Certain PLURONIC FT L 61s, such as P85 and L61, have also been shown to stimulate transcription of NF kappaB genes, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is currently unknown, bar that P85 has been shown to induce phosphorylation of the inhibitory kappa. An important characteristic of PLURONIC FT L 61 solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of PLURONIC FT L 61s are liquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in these systems depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most PLURONIC FT L 61s using a great variety of experimental techniques. In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. PLURONIC FT L 61s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are PLURONIC FT L 61 PLURONIC FT L 61 68, PLURONIC FT L 61 88, PLURONIC FT L 61 98, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407. PLURONIC FT L 61s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. PLURONIC FT L 61s also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that PLURONIC FT L 61s can be rinsed away. PLURONIC FT L 61 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. PLURONIC FT L 61s are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade PLURONIC FT L 61 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most PLURONIC FT L 61s function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. PLURONIC FT L 61s injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of PLURONIC FT L 61 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘PLURONIC FT L 61’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for PLURONIC FT L 61s in 1973. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by their trade name PLURONIC FT L 61s. Concentrated PLURONIC FT L 61 solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial PLURONIC FT L 61 407 have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery. Solutions of PLURONIC FT L 61 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature PLURONIC FT L 61s form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of PLURONIC FT L 61 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between PLURONIC FT L 61 ‘blocks’ and linking of PLURONIC FT L 61s into structures of a higher molecular mass118 PLURONIC FT L 61 were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. PLURONIC FT L 61s (PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, PLURONIC FT L 61 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. PLURONIC FT L 61s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.PLURONIC FT L 61 is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO). Formulation and characterization of PLURONIC FT L 61 thermoreversible gel containing polymeric microparticles and hyaluronic acid. PLURONIC FT L 61s are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. PLURONIC FT L 61 is composed of triblock copolymers of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-polyethylene oxide (PEO). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. PLURONIC FT L 61s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are PLURONIC FT L 61 PLURONIC FT L 61 68, PLURONIC FT L 61 88, PLURONIC FT L 61 98, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407. PLURONIC FT L 61 as a nonionic surfactant, the synthetic polymer has been previously used in drug delivery and medical imaging applications PLURONIC FT L 61 sol-gel reversible hydrogels have attracted the attention for practical biomedical and pharmaceutical applications because of constituents solubility, biocompatibility with biological systems and easy administration of pharmaceutical formulations. The pharmaceutical and biomedical fields covered by the use of PLURONIC FT L 61s including solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, controlled release, biomacromolecule delivery (e.g., proteins and genes) and tissue engineering. PLURONIC FT L 61s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. PLURONIC FT L 61s also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that PLURONIC FT L 61s can be rinsed away. PLURONIC FT L 61 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. PLURONIC FT L 61 with its synonym as polyethylene-propylene glycol copolymer and trade names as Supronic, PLURONIC FT L 61 or Tetronic have been introduced in 1950 as a non-ionic triblock copolymer. Assessment of PLURONIC FT L 61s PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, and PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics. They were since then very famously used in diverse pharmaceutical applications. Chemically PLURONIC FT L 61 is α-Hydro-ω-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)a poly (oxypropylene)b poly (oxyethylene)a block copolymer and they consisted of two hydrophilic chains of ethylene oxide chains (PEO) that sandwiched one hydrophobic propylene oxide chain (PPO) giving a chemical formula HO(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH where a and b have the values as shown in the Table 1. The varying length of polymer blocks giving rise to different polymers identified as PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 338 and PLURONIC FT L 61 407 showing a slight difference in their properties. Most applications involve the use of PLURONIC FT L 61 P407 and include delivery of protein/peptide drugs [25], such as insulin [26], interleukin-2 [27], epidermal growth factor [28], bone morphogenic protein [29], fibroblastic growth factor, and endothelial cell growth factor [30]. Surfactants play an important role in stabilizing proteins in liquid formulations against aggregate/particle formation during processing, handling, storage, and transportation. Only 3 surfactants are currently used in marketed therapeutic protein formulations: polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, and PLURONIC FT L 61 188. While polysorbates are the most widely used surfactants, their intrinsic oxidative and hydrolytic degradation issues highlights the importance of alternative surfactants such as PLURONIC FT L 61 188. Here, we compare polysorbates and PLURONIC FT L 61 188 with regards to their stabilizing properties under various stress and storage conditions for several monoclonal antibody formulations. Our data shows that PLURONIC FT L 61 188 can provide suitable protection of monoclonal antibodies against interfacial stress in liquid formulations in vials. However, visible protein-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; silicone oil) particles were observed in vials after long-term storage at 2-8°C for some protein formulations using PLURONIC FT L 61 188, which were not observed in polysorbate formulations. The occurrence of these protein-PDMS particles in PLURONIC FT L 61 188 formulations is a protein-specific phenomenon that may correlate with protein physico-chemical properties. In this study, the primary source of the PDMS in particles found in vials was considered to be from the primary packaging stoppers used. Our findings highlight benefits, but also risks associated with using PLURONIC FT L 61 188 in liquid biotherapeutic formulations. PLURONIC FT L 61s (PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, PLURONIC FT L 61 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. PLURONIC FT L 61s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.

Неионогенные поверхностно-активные вещества, которым отдается предпочтение в составах для местного применения, поскольку они обладают меньшим потенциалом раздражения кожи по сравнению с ионными поверхностно-активными веществами, а также некоторые растворители изменяют эмульсии, покрывающие волосы/шерсть, тем самым позволяя большему количеству лекарств достичь поверхности кожи.
Pluronic PE 6400 предполагает, что механизм, посредством которого усилители проникновения через кожу увеличивают транспорт лекарственного средства через кожу, включает увеличение текучести и/или гидратации полярных головных групп липидных бислоев.

КАС: 68213-23-0
МФ: C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H
МВ: 0
ЭИНЭКС: 500-201-8

Общее правило: растворимость типов Pluronic PE в воде увеличивается пропорционально содержанию полиэтиленгликоля.
Если два продукта содержат одинаковую массовую долю Pluronic PE 6400, определяющим фактором является молярная масса блока полипропиленгликоля, и тот, у которого молярная масса ниже, будет более растворимым.
Pluronic PE 6400 представляет собой 100% активное, малопенящееся неионогенное поверхностно-активное вещество.
Pluronic PE 6400 представляет собой блок-сополимеры, в которых центральная группа полипропиленгликоля окружена двумя группами полиэтиленгликоля.
Pluronic PE 6400 хорошо работает в качестве диспергатора и эмульгатора.

Pluronic PE 6400 поставляется в жидкой, пастообразной, твердой или порошкообразной форме, в зависимости от степени этоксилирования.
Pluronic PE 6400 может использоваться в очень широком спектре применений, таких как пеногасители при рафинировании сахара, смачивающие агенты в агрохимических рецептурах и в качестве смазок в жидкостях для металлообработки.
Pluronic PE 6400 обладает сильным выравниванием, медленной окраской, проницаемостью и диффузией для различных красителей.
Pluronic PE 6400 способствует очистке и может использоваться с различными поверхностно-активными веществами и красителями.
Pluronic PE 6400 устойчив к кислотам, щелочам, жесткой воде, теплу и солям тяжелых металлов.

Физическая форма (25 °C): Жидкость
Вязкость (23 ℃, Брукфилд) [мПа•с]: прибл. 1000
pH (5% в воде): 7
Точка помутнения (вода) [°C]: 60
Поверхностное натяжение (DIN 53914, 1 г/л, 23 °C) [мН/м]: ок. 41
Плотность (г/см3): ок. 1.05

Приложения:
Pluronic PE 6400 — выравнивающий и замедляющий агент для полиграфической и красильной промышленности, который может улучшить стойкость к истиранию и цвету.
Формула моющего средства для обработки металлов,
Используется в качестве смазочного эмульгатора в стекловолоконной промышленности.
Используется в качестве пенетранта для пропитки семян в сельском хозяйстве для повышения всхожести семян.
Используется в качестве эмульгатора в других отраслях промышленности.
Pluronic PE 6400 обладает самой высокой моющей способностью среди всех продуктов линейки Pluronic PE и имеет низкое пенообразование.
Pluronic PE 6400 особенно хорошо работает в условиях интенсивного механического воздействия, например, в посудомоечных машинах и промышленных машинах для мытья бутылок.
Pluronic PE 6400 также можно использовать в очистителях для молочных продуктов.
Другие области применения включают режущие и шлифовальные жидкости для металла, где Pluronic PE 6400 действует как смазка и охлаждающая жидкость.

Содержание Pluronic PE 6400 и молярная масса центрального полипропиленгликолевого блока поверхностно-активных веществ этого типа могут варьироваться в широких пределах, в результате чего они являются исключительно универсальными.
Типы Pluronic PE 6400 могут быть адаптированы для улучшения их смачивающих, диспергирующих или эмульгирующих свойств в зависимости от ситуации.
Pluronic PE 6400 можно использовать для уменьшения пенообразования или полного его устранения, а также в качестве солюбилизаторов и загустителей.
Способность Pluronic PE 6400 действовать в качестве пропитывающих агентов, увлажнителей, пластификаторов и смазок может использоваться в различных ситуациях.
Pluronic PE 6400 можно использовать для регулирования вязкости других жидкостей, для придания липкости более связного состава и для диспергирования взвешенных твердых частиц.
Pluronic PE 6400 также может использоваться в качестве теплоносителя и гидравлической жидкости в некоторых приложениях.
Pluronic PE 6400 может использоваться в моющих и чистящих средствах в молочной, пивоваренной промышленности и производстве безалкогольных напитков, например, в чистящих средствах, которые распыляются на металлические детали для удаления стружки и стружки, в резиновой и пластмассовой промышленности и в других отраслях промышленности. .

Синонимы
Спирты C12-18, этоксилированные
68213-23-0
(C12-C18) Этоксилат алкилового спирта
500-201-8
C12-18 этоксилат алкилового спирта
DTXSID5041934
ЭК 500-201-8
Этоксилированные спирты C12-18
Поли(окси-1,2-этандиил), альфа-(C12-C18)алкил-омега-гидрокси-

SYNONYMS N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl 1,2-ethanediamine;1,1,4,7,7-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamine; N,N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; Bis(2-dimetilaminoetil)(metil)amina; CAS NO:3030-47-5

benzaldehyde, 4-propyl-; benzaldehyde, p-propyl-; p- propyl benzaldehyde; para- propyl benzaldehyde; 4- propylbenzaldehyde; 4-N- propylbenzaldehyde; p- propylbenzaldehyde; para- propylbenzaldehyde cas no :28785-06-0

Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word poloxamer was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamers are also known by the trade names Synperonics,Pluronic,and Kolliphor.Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different poloxamers exist that have slightly different properties. For the generic term poloxamer, these copolymers are commonly named with the letter P (for poloxamer) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = poloxamer with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mo} and a 70% polyoxyethylene content). For the Pluronic and Synperonic tradenames, coding of these copolymers starts with a letter to define its physical form at room temperature (L = liquid, P = paste, F = flake (solid)) followed by two or three digits, The first digit (two digits in a three-digit number) in the numerical designation, multiplied by 300, indicates the approximate molecular weight of the hydrophobe; and the last digit x 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g., L61 indicates a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 1800 g/mol and a 10% polyoxyethylene content). In the example given, poloxamer 181 (P181) = Pluronic L61 and Synperonic PE/L 61.An important characteristic of poloxamer solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of poloxamers are liquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in these systems depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio).The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most poloxamers using a great variety of experimental techniques (e.g. SAXS, Differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurements, light scattering).In bioprocess applications, poloxamers are used in cell culture media for their cell cushioning effects because their addition leads to less stressful shear conditions for cells in reactors.In materials science, the poloxamer P123 has recently been used in the synthesis of mesoporous materials, including SBA-15.When mixed with water, concentrated solutions of poloxamers can form hydrogels. These gels can be extruded easily, acting as a carrier for other particles, and used for robocasting.Work led by Kabanov has recently shown that some of these polymers, originally thought to be inert carrier molecules, have a very real effect on biological systems independently of the drug they are transporting. The poloxamers have been shown to incorporate into cellular membranes affecting the microviscosity of the membranes. The polymers seem to have the greatest effect when absorbed by the cell as an unimer rather than as a micelle.Poloxamers have been shown to preferentially target cancer cells, due to differences in the membrane of these cells when compared to noncancer cells. Poloxamers have also been shown to inhibit MDR proteins and other drug efflux transporters on the surface of cancer cells; the MDR proteins are responsible for the efflux of drugs from the cells and hence increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin.The poloxamers have also been shown to enhance proto-apoptotic signaling, decrease anti-apoptoic defense in MDR cells, inhibit the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system, induce the release of cytochrome C, increase reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm, and abolish drug sequestering within cytoplasmic vesicles.Certain poloxamers such as P85 have been shown not only to be able to transport target genes to target cells, but also to increase gene expression. Certain poloxamers, such as P85 and L61, have also been shown to stimulate transcription of NF kappaB genes, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is currently unknown, bar that P85 has been shown to induce phosphorylation of the inhibitory kappa.Wang et al. reported that aqueous solutions of poloxamer 188 (Pluronic® F-68) and poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F-127) sonicated in the presence or absence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can became highly toxic to cultured cells. Moreover, toxicity correlated with the sonolytic degradation of the polymers.Poloxamer 407 is a hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant of the more general class of copolymers known as poloxamers. Poloxamer 407 is a triblock copolymer consisting of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol flanked by two hydrophilic blocks of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The approximate lengths of the two PEG blocks is 101 repeat units, while the approximate length of the propylene glycol block is 56 repeat units.This particular compound is also known by the BASF trade name Pluronic F-127 or by the Croda trade name Synperonic PE/F 127.Most of the common uses of poloxamer 407 are related to its surfactant properties. For example, it is widely used in cosmetics for dissolving oily ingredients in water. It can also be found in multi-purpose contact lens cleaning solutions, where its purpose there is to help remove lipid films from the lens. It can also be found in some mouthwashes. There is a research ongoing for using poloxamer 407 for aligning severed blood vessels before gluing them surgically.Poloxamer 407 is used in bioprinting applications due to its unique phase-change properties.In a 30% solution by weight, poloxamer 407 forms a gel solid at room temperature but liquifies when chilled to 4 °C (39 °F). This allows poloxamer 407 to serve as a removable support material, particularly for creating hollow channels or cavities inside hydrogels.In this role, it is often referred to as a "sacrificial ink" or a "fugitive ink".They gave a high dose (1 gram per kilogram of body weight) of poloxamer 407 to mice, which blocked 80% of the pores in liver cells that absorb lipoproteins, leading to a 10-fold increase in plasma lipid levels.Wang et al. reported that aqueous solutions of poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 sonicated in the presence or absence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can become highly toxic to cultured cells. The toxicity correlated with the sonolytic degradation of the polymers.Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘poloxamer’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973. Poloxamers are also known by their trade name Pluronics” .Concentrated poloxamer solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127) have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery.Poloxamers are another type of thermo–sensitive hydrogels with an ABA–type triblock structure. Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127, PEO99–PPO67–PEO99) is widely employed for drug delivery because it is reported to be non–toxic and can form gels at 25°C at a concentration of 20 wt%.Like PNIPAAm polymers, much effort has been made to synthesize chemically crosslinkable poloxamers to equip them with enhanced mechanical properties.Solutions of poloxamer 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature they form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of poloxamer 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between poloxamer ‘blocks’ and linking of poloxamers into structures of a higher molecular mass118 were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. However, only more sophisticated synthetic procedures offering graft copolymers hold promise for the application as injectable cell carriers.While the physically crosslinked gels display a compressive modulus of 142.5 ± 29.7 KPa, radically crosslinked gels using the methacrylated poloxamer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as a thermal initiator are three times stiffer, displaying a compressive modulus of 415 ± 45.7 KPa.Lysozyme has been utilized as a model protein to test the protein release profile of the diacrylated poloxamer hydrogels with higher mechanical properties. These poloxamers instantaneously formed a semi–solidified physical gel when the temperature was increased above the LCST. Then these poloxamers underwent photocrosslinking initiated by pre–mixed (4–Benzoylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride with UV exposure. Poloxamer is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) as shown in Figure 32.It is more commonly called Pluronic® (BASF). Since the middle block is hydrophobic and the two end blocks are hydrophilic, the poloxamer behaves as polymer surfactant. It is used as nonionic polymer surfactant. They can function as antifoaming agents, wetting agents, dispersants, thickeners, and emulsifiers.Poloxamers are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios.Another important property of Poloxamers is their thermogelling behaviour: in fact, water dispersions of some of these polymers are generally in the liquid phase at low temperatures but become a strong gel at increased temperatures. It is for this reason that the Poloxamer 407 phase transitions and the effect of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP β–CD) on them were studied using acoustic spectroscopy with purpose of verifying the relevance of this method in the pharmaceutical field .These works introduced here are just a small fraction of a large number of studies on poloxamers. One of the reasons why poloxamers have been investigated by SANS is its variety of phase behavior, applications, particularly to bioengineering field. Since there are many variations in poloxamer with different numbers of x, y, and z in spite of its simple structure , there still remain a large number of studies on poloxamer with SANS.As the first step, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles of Poloxamer 407 in the concentration range of 3–25% (w/v) was investigated by measuring the attenuation and propagation velocity of ultrasound at different temperatures.Then the effect of the addition of HP β-CD on the Poloxamer 407 water systems was monitored by adding different amounts [5–20% (w/v)] of HP β–CD, which is widely used in oral and parenteral pharmaceutical dosage forms since it increases the stability and solubility or poorly water-soluble drugs through the formation of inclusion complexes. Previous studies had demonstrated that the addition of different glycols and polyalcohols, as well as the addition of HP β–CD, influenced both the gelation and micellization temperature of Poloxamer 407, outlining a shift of this parameter towards higher values. In this case, acoustic spectroscopy allowed a better characterization of the microstructure and behaviour of these systems at increasing temperatures.The positive thermoresponsive materials turn to gel above the upper critical solution temperature (USCT), which depends on the polymer structure, such as poloxamer, hydroxypropylcellulose, or methylcellulose.The value of modulus G′ for Poloxamer 407 decreases during micellization until it reaches a plateau. This trend is more evident in concentrated systems, but is practically not detectable for the dilute ones. For the 17.5% and 20% samples, it is also possible to identify a slight inflexion after the plateau, which may be identified with the sol/gel transition since the corresponding values of the temperature are in agreement with those determined rheologically and by thermal analysis.The poloxamers, also known by the trademark Pluronic, Synperonic and Tetronic, were initially introduced between 1950 and have presented several pharmaceutical applications, as well as, excellent compatibility with other compounds.Studies showed some of the poloxamer’s characteristics, especially thermoresponsiveness, high capacity to solubilize drugs, good drug release characteristics, and absence of toxicity in mucosal membranes, and thus widely recognized in the pharmaceutical area as a safe material.Poloxamers are nonionic compounds that contains a large group of copolymers surfactants formed by chains of ethylene oxide block (EO) and propylene oxide.The poloxamer 407 or Pluronic F127 has particularly interest because of the thermoreversible properties, and can be useful in the optimization of drug delivery systems, and employed in many formulations like intravenous preparations, topical, ophthalmic, nasal, vaginal, and rectal, with no irritation or skin sensitivity.Poloxamer 407 aqueous solutions have the property of being a thermoresponsive system, which leads to a sol–gel transition due to temperature increase.The advantages of poloxamers in liquid pharmaceutical forms are especially because that they allow a comfortable release at the action site, gelling at the site and may have modified release.Aqueous solutions of Poloxamer or Pluronic undergo sol-to-gel transition as the temperature increases. However, the implanted gel of Poloxamer is quickly eroded and does not persist for more than a few days at most. To improve the system, end-group modified Poloxamers, and multiblock co-polymers consisting of Poloxamer and biodegradable polymers have been developed. In addition, random multiblock copolymers consisting of PEG, PPG, and a biodegradable polymer were reported.Even though modification of the hydroxyl end groups of Poloxamer by oligolactides (LA6) and oligocaprolactones (CL6) increases hydrophobicity of the polymer, the sol-to-gel transition temperature and critical gel concentration increased, compared with the unmodified Poloxamer.Poloxamer aqueous solution is driven by the unimer-to-micelle transition, followed by packing of the micelles. The oligolactide and oligocaprolactone partition into the PPG micelle core and disturb the integrity and density of the original micelles of the unmodified Poloxamer.Poloxamer. Thus, the micelle packing mechanism for the sol-to-gel transition is interfered with. Poloxamer (F127) was modified by oligolactide (LA8 or LA18), and was then reacted with succinic anhydrides to prepare a carboxylic acid end-capped Poloxamer. The polymer showed sol-gel transition in a pH/temperature dependent manner. The ionization of carboxylic acid and the decrease in solubility of PEG at high pH were suggested to explain the phase behavior.34,35 L-dihydroxyphenyalanine end-capped Poloxamer (F127) showed an increase in bioadhesion between the polymer and bovine mucin, an increase in the sol-to-gel transition temperature.Multiblock copolymers were prepared to improve gel properties such as gel duration and biodegradation. Poloxamers (F127) were coupled by hexa-methylene diisocyanate to prepare multiblock Poloxamer.37 The drug release rate from the multiblock Poloxamer hydrogel was slower than from the unmodified Poloxamer hydrogel. PEG/PPG alternating multiblock copolymers showing thermogelling were reported.Poloxamer was coupled by terephthalic anhydride to introduce the biodegradability as well as pH sensitivity.35 Poloxamer was also coupled by disulfide to show glutathione sensitive degradation and drug release.44 In addition, Poloxamer was end capped by l-oligolactide or d-oligolactide, then coupled to prepare the multiblock Poloxamer containing PLA. By mixing the l-isomer and d-isomer containing multiblock Poloxamer, a stereocomplex showing thermal gelation was prepared.Pluronics, also known as poloxamers, are a class of synthetic block copolymers which consist of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), arranged in an A-B-A triblock structure, thus giving PEO-PPO-PEO.Poloxamer 407 in conjuction with HPMC has been used for rectal delivery of quinine in children.Use of poloxamer 188 as a membrane sealant on in vitro studies of cardiac myocytes showed signs of possible prevention of cardiomyopathy and heart failure in muscular dystrophy.A combination of poloxamer 407, poloxamer 188 and carbopol was utilized as an ophthalmic delivery system for puerarin, thus providing an alternative for longer-lasting drug availability to the precorneal area.Poloxamer 407 has also shown prolonged duration of the painkiller, lidocaine, at the injection site as well as sustained drug release and increased therapeutic efficacy.In the absence of interfering compounds, polymers of the poloxamer type can sometimes be determined by reversed-phase HPLC with methanol, but the most common separation technique is SEC.There are many commercialized copolymers, such as Pluronics, Poloxamers, and Tetronics, which are comprised of PEO–PPO sequences. Poloxamers, nonionic polymers polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene–polyoxyethylene (PEOn–PPOn–PEOn), are commonly used in pharmaceutical application in drug delivery.This review article focuses on thermoresponsive hydrogels consisting of poloxamers which are of high interest for biomedical application especially in drug delivery for ophthalmic, injectable, transdermal, and vaginal administration. These hydrogels remain fluid at room temperature but become more viscous gel once they are exposed to body temperature. In this way, the gelling system remains at the topical level for a long time and the drug release is controlled and prolonged. Poloxamers are synthetic triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), also commercially known as Pluronics®, Synperonics® or Lutrol®. The different poloxamers cover a range of liquids, pastes, and solids, with molecular weights and ethylene oxide–propylene oxide weight ratios varying from 1100 to 14,000 and 1:9 to 8:2, respectively. Concentrated aqueous solutions of poloxamers form thermoreversible gels. In recent years this type of gel has arouse interest for tissue engineering. Finally, the use of poloxamers as biosurfactants is evaluated since they are able to form micelles in an aqueous environment above a concentration threshold known as critical micelle concentration (CMC). This property is exploited for drug delivery and different therapeutic applications.“Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘poloxamer’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973. Poloxamers are also known by their trade name Pluronics”.Concentrated poloxamer solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127) have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery.6 Pluronic® F127 is generally accepted as safe, although in animal studies injection of doses exceeding 27.5 mg kg− 1116,117 caused serious increases in blood cholesterol and triglycerides.Poloxamers are another type of thermo–sensitive hydrogels with an ABA–type triblock structure. Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127, PEO99–PPO67–PEO99) is widely employed for drug delivery because it is reported to be non–toxic and can form gels at 25°C at a concentration of 20 wt%. However, its applications are greatly limited by its poor mechanical properties resulting from the purely physical crosslinking. These gels are characterized by low viscosity and very high permeabilities. Moreover, while they instantaneously gel upon increasing temperature above LCST in the body, they lose their structural integrity when mixed with aqueous solutions, which makes them unfit for drug delivery purposes. Like PNIPAAm polymers, much effort has been made to synthesize chemically crosslinkable poloxamers to equip them with enhanced mechanical properties. However, due to their chemical structure, reactive groups are only available at chain ends, therefore, chemically cross–linkable groups can only be used to end–cap the triblock chain. There are two main types of crosslinkable end–capping groups: methacrylate/acrylate and ethoxylsilane. Methacrylates/acrylates can be coupled to the polymer by reacting methacryloyl chloride/acryloyl chloride with the hydroxyl groups on both ends. Similarly, (3–isocyanato–propyl)triethoxysilane can be employed to react with the hydroxyl groups under catalysis of 2–ethyl–hexanoate to introduce ethoxysilane end–capping groups. While the physically crosslinked gels display a compressive modulus of 142.5 ± 29.7 KPa, radically crosslinked gels using the methacrylated poloxamer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as a thermal initiator are three times stiffer, displaying a compressive modulus of 415 ± 45.7 KPa. Although the exthoxysilane causes gradual chemical crosslinking (same mechanism as crosslinking of trimethoxysilane–grafted PNIPAAm–based hydrogels), their crosslinking resulted in a much higher compressive modulus: ~2600 KPa after 17 days. Lysozyme has been utilized as a model protein to test the protein release profile of the diacrylated poloxamer hydrogels with higher mechanical properties. These poloxamers instantaneously formed a semi–solidified physical gel when the temperature was increased above the LCST. Then these poloxamers underwent photocrosslinking initiated by pre–mixed (4–Benzoylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride with UV exposure. With photocrosslinking, the gels maintained their structural integrity up to one month. While burst release of 50–70 wt% lysozyme was observed from the hydrogels in the first seven days, the remaining 30–50 wt% protein was released in a more sustained profile over a one–month period.Poloxamer is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) as shown in Figure 32.Poloxamers are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. The presence of PEO and PPO blocks in a single polymer chain gives rise to essentially amphiphilic molecules whose self-assembling properties display a wide range of phase behavior. This ability to form micelles and liquid-crystalline phases is strongly temperature dependent since increasing the temperature allows self-association which decreases the critical micelle concentration (CMC).Another important property of Poloxamers is their thermogelling behaviour: in fact, water dispersions of some of these polymers are generally in the liquid phase at low temperatures but become a strong gel at increased temperatures. This sol/gel transition have been correlated to the intrinsic changes in the micelle properties, or to the entropic variation in the ordered water molecules close to the PPO segments, or to the possibility of formation of a cross-linked and three-dimensional structure able to entrap water in this network. Neutron scattering studies have demonstrated the formation of a gel structure for a micelle concentration reaching the critical volume fraction of 0.53, which allows locking of the micelles in a hard-sphere, crystalline structure due to their high volume density.Both micellization and gelation depend on different factors: temperature, polymer concentration, and PEO block length.It is for this reason that the Poloxamer 407 phase transitions and the effect of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP β–CD) on them were studied using acoustic spectroscopy with purpose of verifying the relevance of this method in the pharmaceutical field.The poloxamers, also known by the trademark Pluronic, Synperonic and Tetronic, were initially introduced between 1950 and have presented several pharmaceutical applications, as well as, excellent compatibility with other compounds.Studies showed some of the poloxamer’s characteristics, especially thermoresponsiveness, high capacity to solubilize drugs, good drug release characteristics, and absence of toxicity in mucosal membranes, and thus widely recognized in the pharmaceutical area as a safe material.Poloxamers are nonionic compounds that contains a large group of copolymers surfactants formed by chains of ethylene oxide block (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) (OEx–POy–OEx). They are synthesized by polymerization of EO and PO units, in sequence, also in the presence of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Poloxamers compounds have the chemical formula HO[CH2CH2O] x[CH(CH3)CH2O] y[CH2CH2O]OH, where y is greater than 14.According to the ratio between hydrophilic (EO) and lipophilic (PO) units, various copolymers block and size can be obtained within different molecular weights and physic-chemical properties .The poloxamer 407 or Pluronic F127 has particularly interest because of the thermoreversible properties, and can be useful in the optimization of drug delivery systems, and employed in many formulations like intravenous preparations, topical, ophthalmic, nasal, vaginal, and rectal, with no irritation or skin sensitivity.Poloxamer 407 aqueous solutions have the property of being a thermoresponsive system, which leads to a sol–gel transition due to temperature increase. When in aqueous dispersions, the individual molecules of the copolymer’s block of P407 self-organize into micelles (micellization), when are in concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in order to minimize the free energy from the solution. These micelles can be spherical, cylindrical, or lamellar, depending upon the length in the chain, containing EO and PB, the concentration of polymer and temperature, that leads to increased viscosity.The advantages of poloxamers in liquid pharmaceutical forms are especially because that they allow a comfortable release at the action site, gelling at the site and may have modified release. The disadvantages of these polymers are weak mucoadhesive, and poor mechanical properties, short residence time due to easily dissolution at the action site .Poloxamer 407 copolymer (ethylene oxide and propylene oxide blocks) shows thermoreversible properties, which is of the utmost interest in optimising drug formulation (fluid state at room temperature facilitating administration and gel state above sol–gel transition temperature at body temperature promoting prolonged release of pharmacological agents). Pharmaceutical evaluation consists in determining the rheological behaviour (flow curve or oscillatory studies), sol–gel transition temperature, in vitro drug release using either synthetic or physiological membrane and (bio)adhesion characteristics. Poloxamer 407 formulations led to enhanced solubilisation of poorly water-soluble drugs and prolonged release profile for many galenic applications (e.g., oral, rectal, topical, ophthalmic, nasal and injectable preparations) but did not clearly show any relevant advantages when used alone. Combination with other excipients like Poloxamer 188 or mucoadhesive polymers promotes Poloxamer 407 action by optimising sol–gel transition temperature or increasing bioadhesive properties. Inclusion of liposomes or micro(nano)particles in Poloxamer 407 formulations offers interesting prospects, as well. Besides these promising data, Poloxamer 407 has been held responsible for lipidic profile alteration and possible renal toxicity, which compromises its development for parenteral applications. In addition, new findings have demonstrated immuno-modulation and cytotoxicity-promoting properties of Poloxamer 407 revealing significant pharmacological interest and, hence, human trials are in progress to specify these potential applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone; poly(1-vinylpyrrolidinone); polyvinylpyrrolidone; povidone; N- vinylpyrrolidone polymer; PVP K 90; PVP, Povidone; PVPP, Crospovidone, Polyvidone; PNVP; Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]; 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidon homopolymer ; 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon-Polymere cas no: 9003-39-8

cas no 9002-88-4 Ethene, homopolymer; polyetylene;

SYNONYMS Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21);Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) CAS NO:9003-11-6

SYNONYMS Poly(tetrahydrofuran); PTMEG; PTMG; CAS NO:25190-06-1

SYNONYMS Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21);Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) CAS NO:9003-11-6

SYNONYMS Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21);Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) CAS NO:9003-11-6

SYNONYMS Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21);Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) CAS NO:9003-11-6

POLOXAMER 101;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 101;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI).Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile).Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Les poloxamères sont des copolymères non-ioniques à trois blocs, possédant typiquement un bloc central « hydrophobe » de polypropylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde de propylène)) et deux blocs externes hydrophiles de polyéthylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde d'éthylène)). Ces copolymères de type poly(oxyde d'éthylène-b-oxyde de propylène-b-oxyde d'éthylène) ont pour formule générale H(OCH2CH2)x(OCH(CH3)CH2)y(OCH2CH2)xOH ou pour simplifier (EO)x(PO)y(EO)x. Le mot « poloxamère » a été créé par l'inventeur, Irving Schmolka, qui a déposé un brevet pour ces molécules en 1973.Du fait que la longueur des blocs du poloxamère peut être modifiée, il existe beaucoup de poloxamères différents, qui ont des propriétés légèrement différentes.Du fait de leur structure amphiphile, les poloxamères ont des propriétés surfactantes qui les rendent utiles dans le domaine industriel. Entre autres, ils peuvent être utilisés pour augmenter la solubilité dans l'eau de substances hydrophobes et huileuses, ou augmenter la miscibilité de deux substances de différente hydrophobicité.

POLOXAMER 124;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 101;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI).Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile).Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Les poloxamères sont des copolymères non-ioniques à trois blocs, possédant typiquement un bloc central « hydrophobe » de polypropylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde de propylène)) et deux blocs externes hydrophiles de polyéthylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde d'éthylène)). Ces copolymères de type poly(oxyde d'éthylène-b-oxyde de propylène-b-oxyde d'éthylène) ont pour formule générale H(OCH2CH2)x(OCH(CH3)CH2)y(OCH2CH2)xOH ou pour simplifier (EO)x(PO)y(EO)x. Le mot « poloxamère » a été créé par l'inventeur, Irving Schmolka, qui a déposé un brevet pour ces molécules en 1973.Du fait que la longueur des blocs du poloxamère peut être modifiée, il existe beaucoup de poloxamères différents, qui ont des propriétés légèrement différentes.Du fait de leur structure amphiphile, les poloxamères ont des propriétés surfactantes qui les rendent utiles dans le domaine industriel. Entre autres, ils peuvent être utilisés pour augmenter la solubilité dans l'eau de substances hydrophobes et huileuses, ou augmenter la miscibilité de deux substances de différente hydrophobicité.

POLOXAMER 181;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 101;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI).Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile).Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Les poloxamères sont des copolymères non-ioniques à trois blocs, possédant typiquement un bloc central « hydrophobe » de polypropylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde de propylène)) et deux blocs externes hydrophiles de polyéthylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde d'éthylène)). Ces copolymères de type poly(oxyde d'éthylène-b-oxyde de propylène-b-oxyde d'éthylène) ont pour formule générale H(OCH2CH2)x(OCH(CH3)CH2)y(OCH2CH2)xOH ou pour simplifier (EO)x(PO)y(EO)x. Le mot « poloxamère » a été créé par l'inventeur, Irving Schmolka, qui a déposé un brevet pour ces molécules en 1973.Du fait que la longueur des blocs du poloxamère peut être modifiée, il existe beaucoup de poloxamères différents, qui ont des propriétés légèrement différentes.Du fait de leur structure amphiphile, les poloxamères ont des propriétés surfactantes qui les rendent utiles dans le domaine industriel. Entre autres, ils peuvent être utilisés pour augmenter la solubilité dans l'eau de substances hydrophobes et huileuses, ou augmenter la miscibilité de deux substances de différente hydrophobicité.

POLOXAMER 184;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 184;Classification : Polymère de synthèse, Tensioactif non ionique;À SAVOIRLe Poloxamer 184, est un tensioactif non ionique composé de trois blocs polymères. lI est utilisé dans la formulation de nettoyants pour la peau, de produits de bain, de shampooings, de revitalisants, de bains de bouche, de démaquillants pour les yeux et d'autres produits pour la peau et les cheveux. On le retrouve très présent dans les eaux micellaires.Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile); Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 185. N° CAS : 9003-11-6. Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 185. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 188;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 188;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 231, N° CAS : 9003-11-6. Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 231. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 338; N° CAS : 9003-11-6; Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 338;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI);Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile);Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 407, N° CAS : 9003-11-6, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 407, Classification : Polymère de synthèse. Le poloxamère 407, est un tensioactif non ionique appartenant à la classe des copolymères. Il est utilisé dans les produits cosmétiques pour dissoudre les ingrédients huileux dans l'eau. On le trouve assez souvent dans les bains de bouche. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

Poly Aluminum Chloride; Polyaluminum chlorohydrate; PAC; Polyaluminum hydroxychloride; cas no: 1327-41-9

Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride; Polihexanide HCl; Lavasept; BG-IR; Arlagard E; Acticide SR 1296; polihexanidum CAS NO:32289-58-0

POLYACRYLAMIDE, N° CAS : 9003-05-8, Nom INCI : POLYACRYLAMIDE. Nom chimique : 2-Propenamide, homopolymer. Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

SYNONYMS 2-Propenamide homopolymer;2-Propenamide hydrochloride homopolymer;2-Propenamide, homopolymer;2-Propenamide, polymer with aluminum oxide (Al2O3), graft;2-Propenamide, polymer with silica, graft;2-Propenamide, polymer with titanium oxide (TiO2), graft;2-propenamide,homopolymer CAS NO:9003-05-8

SYNONYMS 2-Propenamide, N-1,1-dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl-, homopolymer;POLYACRYLAMIDOMETHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID CAS NO:27119-07-9

Synonyms: cyanamerp250;cyanamerp35;cytame5;diaclearma3000h;dow164;dowet597;dowj100;et597 CAS: 9003-05-8

POLYACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER-6 Nom INCI : POLYACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER-6 Classification : Polymère de synthèse Ses fonctions (INCI) Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

POLYACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER-7, Nom INCI : POLYACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER-7 Classification : Polymère de synthèse Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Non classé : Non classé

POLYACRYLATE-13 Nom INCI : POLYACRYLATE-13 Classification : Règlementé, Polymère de synthèse Restriction en Europe : III/66 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

POLYACRYLATE-17, N° CAS : 67892-79-9, Nom INCI : POLYACRYLATE-17. Classification : Polymère de synthèse. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

POLYACRYLATE-3, Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : POLYACRYLATE-3. Classification : Polymère de synthèse. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

POLYACRYLATE-33; N° CAS : 1204525-16-5;Nom INCI : POLYACRYLATE-33. Nom chimique : -Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymers with Et acrylate, polyethylene glycol methacrylate C16-22-alkyl ethers and polyethylene-polypropylene glycol methacrylate 2-(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethyl ether. Classification : Polymère de synthèse. Ses fonctions (INCI) ; Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

POLYACRYLATE-4, N° CAS : 228863-31-8. Nom INCI : POLYACRYLATE-4. Classification : Polymère de synthèse. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques

(1)-2-Methylbutyric acid; 2-Methybutyric acid; Acrylic acid polymer; FEMA 2695; Methylbutyric acid; CARBOXYLIC ACID C5;RARECHEM AL BO 0094; 2-METHYLBUTANOIC ACID;DL-2-METHYBUTYRICACID; METHYLETHYL ACETIC ACID; DL-2-Methylbutyric acid; Ethylmethyl-laceticacid; DL-2-Ethylpropionic acid CAS NO:600-07-7

SYNONYMS Hydrophilic Polymers, Materials Science, Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and Copolymers, Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and Solutions, Poly(acrylic acid), Polymethacrylate and Other Acrylic Polymers;Polymer Science, Polymers CAS NO:9003-01-4

PAA, PAAc, Acrysol, Acumer, Alcosperse, Aquatreat, Carbomer, Sokalan CAS NO:9003-01-4

Poly(sodium acrylate); Sodium polyacrylate; PAAS; POLY(ACRYLATE SODIUM); Polyacrylic Acid Sodium Salt; Poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) CAS NO:9003-04-7

POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE WHITE White PowderIron FreeSpray Drying Type: Food Grade/Potable Water Grade MOQ: 1 Ton Certificate: SGS, PONY Categories: Polyaluminium Chloride Powder, Potable Water Treatment Chemicals White Powder(Spray) Polyaluminium Chloride is specialized inorganic aluminum salts chemicals for drinking water treatment. Paper Making Sizing Agent & Sugar Decolorization Chemical River Water Lake Water Reservoir Water Underground Water Fresh Water Tapping Water Running Water Drinking & Potable Water Paper Making Industry Sugar Industry Cosmetics raw material Pharmaceutical industry,etc White Polyaluminium Chloride is also known as high purity without iron white Polyaluminium chloride, Food Grade,Drinking/Potable Water Grade white polyaluminium chloride , compared with other polyaluminium chloride is the highest quality Polyaluminium Chloride. White Poly Aluminium Chloride production process is the most advanced technology of spray drying method. Polyaluminium Chloride is easy to be damp when it is exposed in the air. Strong electric neutralization of colloidal substance in drinking and potable water. The Polyaluminium Chloride solution have the good adsorption bridging function for suspended solids in water. Selective adsorption of soluble substances. Effectively remove the color matter, SS, COD, BOD and arsenic(As), mercury(Hg) and other heavy metal ions of the drinking & potable water. Item Solid Polyaluminium Chloride Index Appearance Powder Colour White Production Process Spray Drying AL2O3,Aluminium Oxide ≥30% Basicity% 40-60 Water insoluble substances ≤0.1% PH value(1% polyaluminium water solution) 3.5-5.0 Iron Content(Fe) ≤0.01% Arsenic content(As) ≤0.0002% Plambum content(Pb) ≤0.001% Cadmium content(Cd) ≤0.0002% Hydragyrum content(Hg) ≤0.00001% Hexavalent chromium(Cr+6) ≤0.0001% Manganese(Mn) ≤0.0005% Nitrogen(NH3-N) ≤0.03% Application Method Polyaluminium chloride should be used after solid Polyaluminium Chloride dissolves in water(Polyaluminium Chloride liquid). Dilution ratio generally is: Polyaluminium Chloride Solid 2%~20% products (in weight percentages) Polyaluminium Chloride dosing generally is: 1~15 kilograms per ton, the specific dosing on the basis of the user’s lab jar test with their field dosing effect. Storage Solid Polyaluminium Chloride shelf time is 2 years; should be stored in airy and dry place. Solid Polyaluminium Chloride still can be used after the poly aluminium chloride is affected by moisture. Polyaluminium Chloride can not be mixed storage with other chemicals. Polyaluminium Chloridekage Be Polyaluminium Chlorideked in polypropylene woven bag with plastic liner, 25kg/bag Solid Polyaluminium Chloride Polyaluminium Chloride kage printing content provided as your requirement. 1. Product Description: Polyaluminium chloride is made of high purity raw materials. And it is high-efficient, cheap and nontoxic inorganic high molecular compound. It is easily soluble in water and has high purity. 2.Product performance and reference pictures of Polyaluminium Chloride 30% Polyaluminium chloride solid type is yellow/deep yellow powder for drinking water/waste water treatment. 3.Product Properties and Advantages: 1. Good effective and lower cost.Its purifying effect on low-temperature, low-turbidity and heavily organic polluted raw water is much better than other organic flocculant, furthermore, the treatment cost is lower. 2. Flocculation ability .It can lead to quick formation of flocculantwith big size and rapid precipitation service life of cellular filter of sedimentation basin. 3. PH broad in scope.It can adapt to a wide range of pH value (5−9), and can reduce the pH value and basicity after processing. 4.Adopting to various source of water. The dosage is smaller than that of other flocculants. It has wide adaptability to the waters at different temperatures and at different regions. 5. Higher basicity, lower corrosive, easy for operation, and long-term use of non-occlusion. 4. Specification: Polyaluminium Chloride 30% Drinking water treatment: Quality Standard:: GB/15892-2009 Al2O3:: 29%~31%MIN Basicity:: 60~90 PH:: 3.5~5.0 Water insoluble matter:: ≤ 0.6 Cadmium(Cd): ≤ 0.0002 Lead(Pb):: ≤ 0.001 Arsenic(As):: ≤ 0.0002 Chromium(Cr):: ≤ 0.0005 Mercury(Hg):: ≤ 0.00001 Industrial wastewater treatment: Quality Standard:: GB/T22627-2008 Al2O3:: 28%~30%MIN Basicity:: 30~95 PH VALUE:: 3.5~5.0 Water insoluble matter:: ≤ 1.5 Iron(Fe):: ≤ 5.0 Lead(Pb):: ≤ 0.006 Arsenic(As):: ≤ 0.0015 5.Application field: 5.Application field: Polyaluminium Chloride is widely applied in drinking water purification, domestic sewage and industrial waste water treatment. 6.Polyaluminium Chloridekaging and storage: Solid :PP woven bag with PE lined bag (25kgs/bag) or PE bag (20 kgs/bag) The product shall be sealed and stored in the dry and ventilated place to prevent from rain, high temperature and strong sunlight. Polyaluminium Chloride, spray drying type, white powder, used for drinking water treatment and paper mills as retention agent, work as coagulant for water treatment. It is made by purity raw materials of Al(OH)3. Food grade. Advantage 1 Polyaluminium Chlorides purifying effect on low-temperature, low-turbidity and heavily organic-polluted raw water is much better than other organic flocculant, furthermore, the treatment cost is lowered by 20%-80%. 2 Polyaluminium Chloride can lead to quick formation of folc (epecially at low temperature) with big size and rapid precipitation service life of cellular filter of sedimentation basin. 3 The dosage is smaller than that of other flocculants, which is better for improving the quality of treated water. 4 Polyaluminium Chloride has widerange adaptability to the waters at different temperatures (in the summer and the winter) and at different regions (in the south and the north of China). 5 Polyaluminium Chloride is suitable for automatic dosing device of alum. 6 Polyaluminium Chloride can adapt to a wide range of pH value (5−9), and can reduce the pH value and basicity after processing.

Polyaluminium Chloride Yellow Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is easy to be damp when it is exposed in the air. Strong electric neutralization of colloidal substance in water. The solid pac water solution have the good adsorption bridging function for suspended solids in water. Selective adsorption of soluble substances. Effectively remove the color matter, SS, COD, BOD and arsenic(As), mercury(Hg) and other heavy metal ions of the drinking & potable water. Application Method of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) Polyaluminium chloride should be used after solid pac dissolves in water(pac liquid). Dilution ratio generally is: PAC Solid 2%~20% products (in weight percentages) Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) dosing generally is: 1~15 kilograms per ton, the specific dosing on the basis of the user’s lab jar test with their field dosing effect. Storage of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) Solid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) shelf time is 2 years; should be stored in airy and dry place. Solid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) still can be used after the poly aluminium chloride is affected by moisture. Polyaluminium Chloride can not be mixed storage with other chemicals. Package of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) Be packed in polypropylene woven bag with plastic liner, 25kg/bag Solid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) package printing content provided as your requirement. Why the color is different between Polyaluminium Chloride, even between the grades of one company’s product? Generally speaking, there are three main colors of Polyaluminium Chloride(PAC): white, yellow and brown. The main reason of presenting different colors is the various raw material and producing method. White polyaluminium Chloride White polyaluminium chloride is also called high purity non-ferric polyaluminium chloride, or food grade polyaluminium chloride. Compared with other grades, white PAC is the top quality grade. The main raw material is aluminium hydrate powder and HCl. The producing method is spray drying method which is the most advance in China. The white polyaluminium chloride is using for papermaking sizing agent, sugar clarifiant, leather tanning, pharmacy, investment castings and water treatment. Related words: milky white polyaluminium chloride Yellow polyaluminium Chloride Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is the grade between white polyaluminium chloride and brown polyaluminium chloride. The raw material is calcium aluminate, HCl and bauxite. Plate and frame filter press method, drum drying method and spray drying method is the producing method and main forms are powder and plate-shaped. The main application is sewage treatment and drinking water treatment. Due to the strict restriction on heavy metal in drinking water treatment, from raw material to producing method, yellow polyaluminium chloride is more advanced than brown polyaluminium chloride. Related words: light yellow polyaluminium chloride, golden yellow polyaluminium Brown Polyaluminium Chloride Brown polyaluminium chloride is the primary grade and it is mainly used in sewage treatment. Its producing method is drum drying method. Calcium aluminate, HCl, bauxite and ferrous powder is the raw material. Adding ferrous powder results its presenting brown color. The more ferrous powder adding in, the deeper color it is. The ferrous powder reaches certain percentage, the product can be called polyaluminium ferric chloride(PAFC). Product information of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı): Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is high-efficient ,cheap and nontoxic inorganic high molecular compound. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is easily soluble in water. In the hydrolytic process, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is accompanied with the chemical processes such as electrochemistry, coagulation, absorption and precipitation. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) has the features inculding wide applicable range of PH value ,large granule ,and quick speed in sedimentation. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is widely used in treating the domestic drinking water ,domestic sewage and industrial waste water . Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) (PAC) is a new type high efficiency inorganic polymer coagulant, adopting advanced manufacturing technique and quality raw material, show the features of low impurity, high molecula weight, and superior coagulating effect. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) Properties 1. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)s dosage lower than aluminum sulfate (based on Al2O3) and water treatment cost is lower than other inorganic flocculants. 2. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can cause quick formation of flocs, big flocs formation and rapid precipitation. Its treatment capacity is 1.3-3.0 times of other inorganic flocculants. 3. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) enjoys wide-range adaptability for different-temperature source water and a good solubility. 4. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is slightly corrosive and easy for operation. 5. The liquid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is suitable for automatic dosing. Furthermore, it will not block pipes over long-time usage. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) Features: 1) Spray dry type, lower water insolubles 2) Used for drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment 3) Appearance: Light yellow powder 4) Al2O3: 30% (min. ) 5) Basicity: 50.0% ~ 90.0% 6) Insolubles: 1.0% (max. ) 7) pH (1% water solution): 3.5 ~ 5.0 8) SO42-: 3.5% (max. ) Description of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı): This product is high-effective inorganic polymer coagulant. Description of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı): Polyaluminium Choride is light yellow color powder coagulant which is mainly used for WTP drinking water treatment. Polyaluminium Choride is spray dryer type, high viscostiy of 70-80%, high coagulation in high turbidity water treatment. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) (PAC) is a new type high efficiency inorganic polymer coagulant, adopting advanced manufacturing technique and quality raw material, show the features of low impurity, high molecula weight, and superior coagulating effect. It is also widely applied in water purification, wastewater treatment, precision cast, paper production, pharmaceutical industry and daily chemicals. Advantage of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı): 1. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)s purifying effect on low-temperature, low-turbidity and heavily organic-polluted raw water is much better than other organic flocculant, furthermore, the treatment cost is lowered by 20%-80%. 2. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can lead to quick formation of flocculant (especially at low temperature) with big size and rapid precipitation service life of cellular filter of sedimentation basin. 3. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can adapt to a wide range of pH value (5−9), and can reduce the pH value and basicity after processing. 4. The dosage is smaller than that of other flocculants. It has wide adaptability to the waters at different temperatures and at different regions. 5. Higher basicity, lower corrosive, easy for operation, and long-term use of non-occlusion. Properties of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı): 1 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)s dosage lower than aluminum sulfate (based on Al2O3) and water treatment cost is lower than other inorganic flocculants. 2 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can cause quick formation of flocs, big flocs formation and rapid precipitation. Its treatment capacity is 1.3-3.0 times of other inorganic flocculants. 3 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) enjoys wide-range adaptability for different-temperature source water and a good solubility. 4 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is slightly corrosive and easy for operation. 5 The liquid product is suitable for automatic dosing. Furthermore, it will not block pipes over long-time Polyaluminium Chloride 6 Low acidity is lower than other inorganic coagulants. Package and Storage of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı): 1. Be pakced in polypropylene woven bag with plastic liner, 25kg/bag 2. Useful life is 2 years, should be stored in airy and dry place Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is an inorganic high-molecule polymer with some cementitious property. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can be used as the binder of refractory coating, ultra-pure alumina products and refractory concrete material. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is a multivalent, polyhydroxy electrolyte and can be seen as the intermediate product of the hydrolysis of AlCl3 into Al (OH) 3. The colloidal nucleus contains positive charge with the hydrolysis product being acidic. The composition of these products is the mixed system of various kinds of aqueous complexes in certain ratio under certain conditions. Its expression formula is [Al2 (OH) n • Cl6-n] m, wherein n = 1-5, m≤10. Owing to the difference in the preparation and performance, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can also be called as hydroxy aluminum chloride, basic aluminum chloride, and polymeric alumina. The main index of physical and chemical properties includes alkalinity, pH value, Al2O3 content and the relative density. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is rich in raw materials and has low cost without causing decrease of the refractoriness of refractory concrete. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) also has strong activity at high temperatures and can be hardened at room temperature when doped with small quantities of accelerators and thus is promising cement material. Coagulant Coagulant is a kind of chemical agent which can promote the coagulation and flocculation effect of the colloidal particles in water and accelerate the formation of coarse particles, thus making it be easier to be subject to fast sedimentation or filtration. Coagulants include coagulant, flocculants, and coagulant aid agent. These nouns currently have no strict uniform definition and boundaries. Coagulants and flocculants, and coagulant aid agent are often mixed for application. Commonly used coagulant includes alum, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı), activated silicic acid, polyacrylamide, magnesium alumina, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride, etc. The combination between Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) and alum can give the best efficacy. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is a new type of inorganic polymer coagulant with its fundamental difference with the traditional inorganic coagulant being that the traditional inorganic coagulant is crystalline salt with low molecular weight while the structure of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) consists of multi-shaped multivariate carboxyl complex. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) has a rapid flocculation and sedimentation speed, wide applicable range of PH value, and is non-corrosive to plumbing with a very significant water purification effect. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can effectively remove the water color quality SS, COD, BOD, and arsenic, mercury and other heavy metal ions. This product is widely used in drinking water, industrial water and wastewater treatment, it has the following characteristics: 1. The water purified form Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) has a higher quality than the water purified from inorganic coagulant such as ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate. The cost of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) in purifying water is also relatively low. 2. Both the formation rate of floc unit and the settlement rate are high. It also has a greater processing capability than traditional flocculant such as ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate. 3. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) has a stronger adaption capability on the temperature, turbidity and the alkalinity of the water source than traditional flocculant such as ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate. 4. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) has a wide adaptation pH range for the source of water with being able to exert coagulation effect from the range of PH5.0-9.0 with the best results occurring at PH6.5-7.5. 5. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) has a small corrosion effect and a good operating condition. 6. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) has a better solubility than ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate. 7. After the treatment, the residue of aluminum and salt in water is small which facilitates the handling and preparation of ion exchange. The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng. Performance of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) The main physical and chemical properties of the Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) are demonstrated from alkalized degree, pH value, Al2O3 content and density. Alkalized degree (B) and pH: alkalized degree means the degree of Cl-(in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)) being substituted by OH-; it is generally represented using the ratio of the hydroxyl group percentage over aluminum, namely, B = [OH]/3 [Al] × 100%. Many features of the Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) are closely related to its alkalized degree including the degree of polymerization, pH, storage stability and the cementing property of being used as a cementing agent. But we should note that the alkalized degree only represents a statistical average value from the mixture containing various kinds of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) with different degrees of polymerization. The pH value of the liquid Poly aluminium was similar with its alkalized degree. However, these two parameters don’t have exactly the same meaning. The alkalized degree indicates the number of hydroxyl groups bound within the poly aluminium structure while the pH value of the solution indicates the number of the free hydroxyl ions OH. But, anyway, the pH value of the poly aluminium solution generally increases with increased alkalized degree. Uses of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is one kind of refractory binder. It is a kind of aluminum hydroxide sol made from aluminum-containing material or aluminum metal which subject to several chemical/physical treatment steps such as hydrochloric acid dissolution, hydrolysis, and polymerization. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can be taken as the intermediate of the hydrolysis process of AlCl3 into Al(OH)3 and therefore the hydrolysis solution is acidic. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is also known as hydroxy aluminum or basic aluminum chloride with the chemical formula being [Al2 (OH) nCl6-n] m, wherein if the n is close to or equal to 6, it can be called as alumina sol. Applying Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) as a binding agent of loose refractory will not affect its refractoriness. The Al2O3 generated during the dehydration and decomposition of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) during the heating process is a kind of active alumina oxide with high-degree of dispersion which can facilitate the sintering, and thus being suitable for being used as the refractory binder. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) can be used for non-firing or fired to generate refractory products, fire-resistant plastic, and the binding agent of ramming and casting. When being used as the binding agent of monolithic refractory, it has certain requirement on both the alkalinity and density with Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) with either too low or too high bond strength not good. In general, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) with alkalized degree being within 46% to 72% and the density being within 1.17~1.23kg/m3 has a good binding strength. When used as the binding agent of refractory casting, it can be used for synthesizing Magnesium aluminium spinel, electronic melting MgO and as the coagulation accelerator of cement. But when applying the Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) as unshaped refractory binder, because of its acidic solution (pH <5), it will have reaction with iron and iron-containing compounds contained in the refractory to release hydrogen and cause swelling of the material. Therefore, the preparation technology should contain aging step in order to avoid the swelling and further cracking of good molded product or lining. It can be used for the purification process of drinking water as well as various kinds of industrial waste water. As flocculants, it is mainly used for purifying drinking water and the treatment of special water such as removal of iron, fluorine, cadmium, radioactive contamination as well as floating oil. It can also be used for the treatment of industrial wastewater such as dyeing wastewater. Moreover, it can also be used for precision casting, pharmaceutical, paper, and leathering. Chemical Properties of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is colorless or yellow resinous solid. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)s solution is a colorless or yellowish transparent liquid, sometimes exhibits as grayish black mucus due to impurities in it. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is easily soluble in water. Production method of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) Boiling pyrolysis method: put the crystalline aluminum chloride for boiling and pyrolysis at 170 °C; the generated hydrogen chloride is absorbed by water to prepare 20% hydrochloric acid for recycling. Further add water to have a then added water for aging and polymerization at 60 ℃; Then further go through solidification, dryness, crush to obtain the solid finished product of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı). Boiling pyrolysis method: put the aluminum ash (mainly composed of alumina and metal aluminum) into the reactor pre-supplied with washing water at a certain ratio, stir and slowly add hydrochloric acid for condensation reaction with curing and polymerization to a pH of 4.2 to 4.5 and the relative density of the solution being 1.2. Conduct sedimentation to obtain a liquid poly aluminum chloride. The liquid product was subject to dilution and filtering, concentration by evaporation, drying to obtain the solid poly aluminum chloride products. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is an acidic solution. Classified as corrosive at higher concentrations, it is typically yellow in colour. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is miscible with water at all concentrations although dilute solutions hydrolyse to precipitate Aluminium Hydroxide (Al(OH)3). Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is not a single product, but a spectrum of polymers which are characterised by their strength (usually in % Al2O3) and basicity – the latter gives an indication of the polymeric composition of PAC. Clay-brine process employing activated clay, NaCl, HCl, and HF as raw materials is the primarily advanced technology to synthesize cryolite in the present industrial grade. However, plenty of byproducts of fluorine-containing waste HCl at the concentration of about 10%~12% could not be utilized comprehensively and are even hazardous to the environment. This work proposed a new two-step technology to prepare inorganic polymer flocculants polyaluminium chloride (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)) from synthetic cryolite mother liquor. Many specific factors such as the variety of aluminide source, reaction temperature and time, reagent ratio, and manner of alkaline addition were taken into consideration and their influences on the performances of produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) were discussed. It was found that synthetic cryolite mother liquor could react with bauxite and calcium aluminate directly to prepare cheap Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı), with plenty amount of water insoluble CaF2 and CaSiF6 produced as well. However, once HCl was introduced into synthetic cryolite mother liquor as well as by utilizing bauxite as aluminide source and sodium aluminate as adjusting basicity agent, the resultant Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) would dissolve out higher amount of aluminum while producing little amount of water insoluble materials. The coagulation behavior of the specially produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) could even match the industrial grade Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) conforming to national standard. Preparation of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) from Synthetic Cryolite Mother Liquor Certain amount of synthetic cryolite mother liquor was added into a three-neck flask with a condenser firstly. After the temperature of the flask was heated to 70°C in oil bath, certain amount of bauxite was added into the system step by step. The reaction should continue for 1 h after the temperature increases to 100°C. Then alkaline polymerization adjusting agent (APA, calcium aluminate powder, or sodium aluminate powder) was added into the above reaction system gradually to adjust pH value. The addition speed of APA depended on pH value of the system: when pH value was lower than 2.7, the speed can be fast, but when it was over 2.7, the speed should be slow until it increased to 3.5~3.8 further. At this point, APA should not be added into the system any more. After all these operations, the reaction is kept for another 1.5 h at 100°C. Then the reaction should be suspended immediately via halting both the vigorous stirring and oil bath heating followed by coagulating the system for 12 h using the residual heat of oil bath. Liquid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) was obtained after the filtering of the upper clear liquid of the already stewed reaction suspension. And solid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) was finally obtained after the initial liquid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) was dried at 105°C. 2.2.2. Basicity of the Produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) OH− is the basic component influencing the morphology of polyaluminium chloride [6–9] whose index in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is measured by basicity (B). According to GB 15892-2003 (water treatment chemical-polyaluminium chloride) [10], basicity can be measured. The mol percentage of OH and Al in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) is defined as basicity and this parameter can reflect the degree of polymerization of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) to some extent, which affects the coagulation performances of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı). Basicity can be calculated according to the following during the fabrication process of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı): Characterization of the Produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) The produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) solution was dehydrated at 105°C and made powder sample for structure analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was measured for the determination of crystalline phases in solid coagulants using D/max-rA X-ray diffractometer with Cu K radiation in the range of 3° to 80° at a scan rate of 8°/min. The solid produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) was analyzed by FT-IR with the Perkin Elmer spectrum 100 FT-IR spectrophotometer and potassium bromide pellet method. The spectra were scanned in the range of 4000 to 500 cm−1. In order to confirm that Fe in bauxite can be abundantly dissolved out in acid leaching process, SCML and HCl mixed acid was proposed to leach bauxite. XRD results of the crystal obtained from the dried leaching solution indicated that the main components of this crystal contained SiF4, AlCl3·6H2O, and Na2Al22O34 (Figure 4). Thus, it was clear that Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) prepared from SCML was rather different from industrial grade Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı). Instead, it was made up of multiple crystal phases and components and AlCl3, FeCl3, SiF4, and H2SiO3 were especially typical. The plural gel formed by the polymerization of these components might show synergism effect on the coagulation characteristic of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) The existence of small amount of silica sol (also ludox) not only could promote the coagulating process of water as well as improving the structure of precipitation particles, but also could increase their weight, accelerating the formation and precipitation of precipitation particles. Therefore, silica sol could also function as coagulant aid. Unlike the large amount of positive charge of Al13 as key component of flocculation agent of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı), the surface of silica gel particles was filled with negative charge instead. Thus, these two kinds of particles with totally opposite charge would allure each other to get absorbed. Meanwhile, silica gel could also absorb other scattered colloidal particles with positive charge, strengthening the coagulating effect accordingly [15, 17, 21, 22]. From the above discussion, it was found that the produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) by SCML (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML) was rather different from common industrial grade Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG). Except for the relative strong coagulating character, it was a kind of composite flocculant containing certain amount of Fe and Si, which could be treated as the compound of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı), polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), and polysilicate (PSi) [18–20, 23]. Besides, FT-IR spectra of this special Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) showed much difference from that of common Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) as indicated in Figure 5. The possible chemical bonds in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML (Sample C) were investigated by the FT-IR spectra and were compared with Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG (Figure 5). The two samples showed similar FT-IR spectra. Both spectra exhibited a broad absorption peak in the range of 3200–3650 cm−1 (3390 cm−1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML and 3430 cm−1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG), which could be assigned to the stretching vibrations of –OH groups. The peaks in the range of 1600–1700 cm−1 (1628 cm−1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML and 1636 cm−1 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG) were attributed to the bending vibrations of water absorbed, polymerized, and crystallized in the coagulant. The Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG was not a pure substance, which also contains some iron ions. The peak at 1098 cm−1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML and the peak at 1090 cm−1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG were attributed to the asymmetric stretching vibration of Fe–OH–Fe or Al–OH–Al; furthermore, there were two peaks at 778 cm−1 and 640 cm−1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML and two peaks at 770 cm−1 and 578 cm−1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG, which were attributed to bending vibrations of Fe–OH and Al–OH, respectively [24–28]. As indicated in the flocculation results in Table 3, the coagulation effect of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG was much better than that of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML for simulated diatomite water with low turbidity. However, the coagulation effect of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML had distinguished advantages over that of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG for simulated diatomite water with high turbidity, which might originate from the formation of PAFC and PSi with strengthening coagulation effect in acid leaching process. Moreover, the small amount of water insoluble CaF2 and CaSiF6 in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML could also benefit the coagulating reaction for high turbidity water. The CODCr removal of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML and Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG both achieved the minimum at 60 mg/L dosage while Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML was relatively superior to Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG for oily sewage from Liaohe Oilfield, and the same law was presented for turbidity removal. The results suggested that despite the small difference in alumina content between Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML and Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML was superior to Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG in both the comprehensive coagulating character and manufacturing cost due to the certain amount of Fe and Si in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML. Conclusions The preparation of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) coagulant from synthetic cryolite mother liquor from clay-brine process (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML) with advanced performances compared with conventional industrial grade Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı) (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG) coagulant was achieved. Reaction conditions including the choice of leaching acid and alkaline polymerization adjusting agent, the pH value, and the reaction temperature and reaction time were thoroughly studied to optimize the coagulation performances and minimize the insoluble solid in water of the prepared coagulant. The optimized technique to prepare Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML was that adjusting the concentration of HCl in synthetic cryolite mother liquor to 18% with the industrial grade HCl (the concentration about 32% to 36% in general) firstly, and then adding the needed bauxite. Then the acid leaching reaction was kept for 1~2 h at 80~100°C and sodium aluminate was consequently added to adjust pH value to 3.5~3.8. The whole technology would be completed after a 24 h coagulation process. The coagulation performances tested showed that Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-SCML is better than Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sarı)-IG in turbidity removal at high turbidity simulated diatomite water and in CODCr removal at real oily waste

SYNONYMS Polyaluminum chlorohydrate; PAC; Polyaluminum hydroxychloride; Cas no: 1327-41-9