N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ISOPROPANOLAMINE; Diethanolisopropanolamine; Diethyl Isopropanol Amine;DiethanolisopropanolaMine (DEIPA); 2,2'-(2-Hydroxypropylimino)bisethanol; 2,2'-[(2-Hydroxypropyl)imino]bisethanol; 1-[BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINO]-2-PROPANOL; 2-Propanol, 1-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-; N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ISOPROPANOLAMINE; 1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propane-2-ol;1-[bis-2-hydroxy-ethyl-amino]-propan-2-ol CAS NO:6712-98-7

Dehyquart L 80 T представляет собой желтоватую перекачиваемую жидкость от прозрачной до слегка мутной.
Dehyquart L 80 T – кондиционирующее средство для всех видов средств по уходу за волосами.


Номер CAS: 57-55-6
Название INCI: Метосульфат дикокоилэтилгидроксиэтилмония (и) пропиленгликоль.
классификация: Катионное поверхностно-активное вещество, кондиционер для волос.
Отображаемое название: Метосульфат дикокоилэтилгидроксиэтилмония PG



Dehyquart L 80 T представляет собой дикокоилэтилгидроксиэтилмонийметосульфат (и) пропиленгликоль.
Dehyquart L 80 T — катионный кондиционирующий агент.
Dehyquart L 80 T обеспечивает стойкость и положительно влияет на расчесывание в сухом и влажном состоянии.


В сочетании с придающими консистенцию, эмульгирующими и дополнительными ингредиентами для ухода за волосами Dehyquart L 80 T подходит для приготовления простых кремов и эмульсий для ухода за волосами.
Dehyquart L 80 T используется в средствах по уходу за волосами.


Срок годности Dehyquart L 80 T составляет один год.
Dehyquart L 80 T – кондиционирующее средство для всех видов средств по уходу за волосами.
Dehyquart L 80 T — катионный кондиционирующий агент.


Dehyquart L 80 T обеспечивает стойкость и положительно влияет на расчесывание в сухом и влажном состоянии.
В сочетании с придающими консистенцию, эмульгирующими и дополнительными ингредиентами для ухода за волосами Dehyquart L 80 T подходит для приготовления простых кремов и эмульсий для ухода за волосами.


Dehyquart L 80 T используется в средствах по уходу за волосами.
Срок годности Dehyquart L 80 T составляет один год.
Dehyquart L 80 T представляет собой желтоватую перекачиваемую жидкость от прозрачной до слегка мутной.


Dehyquart L 80 T — это высококонцентрированный продукт, полученный из жирных кислот кокоса, жидкая консистенция которого облегчает обработку.
Dehyquart L 80 T – поверхностно-активное вещество.
Dehyquart L 80 T представляет собой жидкость.


Dehyquart L 80 T представляет собой метосульфат дикокоилэтилгидроксиэтилмония и пропиленгликоль.
Уровни использования Dehyquart L 80 T составляют 1–5 % активности.
Dehyquart L 80 T — это 80% активный материал, в котором для снижения вязкости используется пропиленгликоль.



ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T — катионный кондиционирующий агент.
Dehyquart L 80 T обеспечивает стойкость и положительно влияет на расчесывание в сухом и влажном состоянии.
В сочетании с придающими консистенцию, эмульгирующими и дополнительными ингредиентами для ухода за волосами Dehyquart L 80 T подходит для приготовления простых кремов и эмульсий для ухода за волосами.


Dehyquart L 80 T используется в средствах по уходу за волосами.
Dehyquart L 80 T в основном используется в качестве кондиционирующего компонента в средствах для ухода за волосами.
Исторически Dehyquart L 80 T использовался для ухода за волосами, но может использоваться и для ухода за кожей.


Dehyquart L 80 T используется в качестве красителей для волос, кондиционеров для волос, лечения волос, ухода за домашними животными.
Выгодные эксплуатационные характеристики Dehyquart L 80 T позволяют реализовать современные концепции ухода за волосами.
Dehyquart L 80 T демонстрирует хорошую дерматологическую совместимость, характерную для этого класса продуктов.


В Dehyquart L 80 T используется катионное поверхностно-активное вещество.
Катионное ПАВ Dehyquart L 80 T обладает выраженным антистатическим действием и хорошо закрывает чешуйки волос.
Dehyquart L 80 T можно использовать в кремах и лосьонах по уходу за волосами.


Это четвертичное соединение Dehyquart L 80 T в основном используется в качестве кондиционирующего компонента в средствах для ухода за волосами.
Dehyquart L 80 T используется для волос.
Применение Dehyquart L 80 T: антистатик, воск для очистки, обработка шваброй для пыли.



ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ ДЕГИКВАРТА L 80 T:
*Кондиционирующий агент



ПРЕТЕНЗИИ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Кондиционирующие агенты
*расчесывание (мокрое)
*расчесывание (сухое)
*содержательность



ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ДЕГИКВАРТА L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T представляет собой смесь кондиционера и пропиленгликоля.



ФУНКЦИИ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Кондиционер
* Катионный



ОСОБЕННОСТИ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Dehyquart L 80 T представляет собой катион сложного эфира, который в основном используется в качестве кондиционирующего ингредиента при ополаскивании и средствах для улучшения расчесывания в сухом и влажном состоянии.



ФУНКЦИИ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
*Антистатический:
Dehyquart L 80 T снижает статическое электричество, нейтрализуя электрический заряд на поверхности.
*Кондиционирование волос:
Dehyquart L 80 T делает волосы легко расчесываемыми, мягкими, мягкими и блестящими и/или придает объем, легкость и блеск.



ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА DEHYQUART L 80 T:
Физическая форма: Жидкость
Молекулярный вес: ок. 680 г/моль
Название(а) INCI: Дикокоилэтилгидроксиэтилмонийметосульфат (и) пропиленгликоль.
Внешний вид при комнатной температуре: От прозрачной до мутной желтоватой жидкости.
Запах при комнатной температуре: Соответствует стандарту
Катионное поверхностно-активное вещество (MW 680): 74,0–79,0 %.
Содержание воды (Карл-Фишер): макс. 2,0 %
Кислотное число макс.: 12,0 мг КОН/г
Номер цвета: макс. 5.0
Значение pH (5 %): 2,0–3,5.



МЕРЫ ПЕРВОЙ ПОМОЩИ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Описание мер первой помощи:
*При вдыхании:
При вдыхании выведите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
*При попадании на кожу:
Смыть большим количеством воды с мылом.
*В случае зрительного контакта:
В качестве меры предосторожности промойте глаза водой.
*При проглатывании:
Никогда не давайте ничего перорально человеку, находящемуся без сознания.
Прополоскать рот водой.
-Указание на необходимость немедленной медицинской помощи и специального лечения:
Данные недоступны



МЕРЫ ПРИ СЛУЧАЙНОМ ВЫБРОСЕ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
-Методы и материалы для локализации и очистки:
Хранить в подходящих закрытых контейнерах для утилизации.



МЕРЫ ПОЖАРОТУШЕНИЯ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Средства пожаротушения:
*Подходящие средства пожаротушения:
Используйте водяной спрей, спиртостойкую пену, сухие химикаты или углекислый газ.
-Дальнейшая информация:
Данные недоступны



КОНТРОЛЬ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ/ПЕРСОНАЛЬНАЯ ЗАЩИТА DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Параметры управления:
--Ингредиенты с параметрами контроля на рабочем месте:
-Средства контроля воздействия:
--Средства индивидуальной защиты:
*Защита глаз/лица:
Используйте средства защиты глаз.
*Защита кожи:
Работайте в перчатках.
Вымойте и высушите руки.
*Защита тела:
Непроницаемая одежда
*Защита органов дыхания:
Защита органов дыхания не требуется.
-Контроль воздействия на окружающую среду:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Условия безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:
*Условия хранения:
Хранить в прохладном месте.
Хранить контейнер плотно закрытым в сухом и хорошо проветриваемом месте.
Открытые контейнеры необходимо тщательно закрыть и хранить в вертикальном положении во избежание утечки.



СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ И РЕАКЦИОННАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ DEHYQUART L 80 T:
-Реактивность:
Данные недоступны
-Химическая стабильность:
Стабилен при рекомендуемых условиях хранения.
-Возможность опасных реакций:
Данные недоступны
-Условия, чтобы избежать:
Данные недоступны

Dehyton DC представляет собой амфотерное поверхностно-активное вещество, подходящее для шампуней, средств для душа и ванн, а также очищающих средств для кожи.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC является хорошо совместимым амфотерным поверхностно-активным веществом.

Dehyton DC представляет собой производное амида жирной кислоты с амфотерн��й структурой.
Срок годности Dehyton DC составляет 6 месяцев.

Кас Номер: 68650-39-5



ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ


Dehyton DC — мягкое поверхностно-активное вещество.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC часто используется в качестве стандарта мягкости детских шампуней с низким уровнем раздражения.
Dehyton DC получают из кокосового масла.

Dehyton DC поставляется в виде прозрачной золотистой жидкости, вязкой, без запаха.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC часто используется в средствах для мытья тела, шампунях, пенах для ванн, очищающих лосьонах, кремах, мыле для рук, детских товарах, кондиционерах для волос, кремах-ополаскивателях при уровне использования 4-40%.

Dehyton DC – очень мягкое амфотерное поверхностно-активное вещество, совместимое с анионными, катионными (кондиционер, гермициды) и неионогенными материалами.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC стабилен в широком диапазоне pH (2-13).

Dehyton DC имеет очень хорошее пенообразование, на которое не влияет жесткость воды или изменение pH.
Более того, Dehyton DC действует как очищающее/отшелушивающее средство.

Dehyton DC можно использовать в качестве пенообразователя.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC можно использовать в качестве модификатора реологии/вязкости или амфотерного поверхностно-активного вещества.


Преимущества использования Dehyton DC:

Не раздражает
Очищение / Очищение
Мягкость
Эффект усиления


Применение Dehyton DC:

Гели для душа
Детские составы
Мыло
Гель для тела
Ванна с пеной
Очищающие средства для лица
Макияж и цветная косметика
Удаление макияжа
Лосьоны
Шампуни

Dehyton DC не содержит консервантов.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC является веганским продуктом и не подвергается жестокому обращению.

Dehyton DC получен из непищевого конкурирующего пальмоядрового масла.


Dehyton DC представляет собой мягкое амфотерное поверхностно-активное вещество со светлым цветом, низкой вязкостью, низким раздражением, высокой пенообразующей способностью и высокой способностью к загущению.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC широко используется в мягких шампунях, средствах для мытья тела, очищающих средствах для лица, мыле для рук, средствах для бритья и т. д. в качестве основного или вторичного поверхностно-активного вещества.

В сочетании с анионными поверхностно-активными веществами достигаются синергетические эффекты, которые приводят к дерматологически улучшенному конечному продукту.
Dehyton DC используется в жидком мыле, салфетках для личной гигиены, шампунях, смесях для душа/ванн, чистящих средствах для лица, а также в средствах по уходу за детьми и чистящих средствах.

Dehyton DC представляет собой кокозамещенное имидазолиновое амфотерное поверхностно-активное вещество.
Это поверхностно-активное вещество с высоким пенообразованием может быть легко использовано в различных областях личной гигиены, где важны мягкость, пенообразование и совместимость.


Использование Дехитона DC:

Амфотерное поверхностно-активное вещество, подходящее для шампуней, средств для душа и ванн и очищающих средств для кожи.
Очищающее средство/эксфолиант
Пенообразователь (Личная гигиена)
Модификатор реологии/вязкости (Личная гигиена)
Поверхностно-активное вещество (Личная гигиена)


Dehyton DC представляет собой лаурилсульфатную соль амфотерного поверхностно-активного вещества, полученного из кокосового имидозолина.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC действует как мягкое моющее средство, отличный пенообразователь и стабилизатор пены в шампунях, детских ванночках и промышленных чистящих средствах.

Dehyton DC также используется в качестве высокопенящегося поверхностно-активного вещества для шампуней с низким уровнем раздражения, пены для ванн и средств для ухода за телом, а также в качестве детергента с низким уровнем раздражения для шампуней и средств для очистки кожи.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC можно использовать в шампунях, средствах для душа и ванн, очищающих средствах для кожи, очищающих средствах для лица, средствах по уходу за детьми, жидком мыле и туалетном мыле.

Dehyton DC очищает кожу/волосы, позволяя воде смешиваться с частицами масла и грязи и смывать их с поверхности.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC очищает кожу/волосы, не лишая их натуральных масел, и поэтому входит в состав многих «увлажняющих» косметических чистящих средств.


Уход за кожей:

Dehyton DC используется в самых разных продуктах по уходу за кожей, таких как очищающее средство для лица, гель для душа, средство от прыщей, отшелушивающее средство/скраб, тушь для ресниц и средство для снятия макияжа с глаз.


Уход за волосами:

Dehyton DC используется в качестве кондиционера для волос, так как он помогает улучшить внешний вид сухих и поврежденных волос, восстанавливая их плотность, эластичность и блеск.
Более того, Dehyton DC используется в шампунях, детских шампунях, масках для волос и кондиционерах.


Применение Dehyton DC:

Уход за ребенком и очищение
Очищение лица
Жидкое мыло
Салфетки для личной гигиены
Шампунь
Товары для душа/ванны


Dehyton DC представляет собой синтетическое амфотерное поверхностно-активное вещество, обычно используемое в средствах личной гигиены.

Особые области применения Dehyton DC:


Детская ванночка и шампунь
Гель для душа
очищающее средство для лица
Санитайзер для рук
моющее средство
Очиститель


Рекомендуемое использование Dehyton DC составляет 1-20%.



ОПИСАНИЕ


Dehyton DC является хорошо совместимым амфотерным поверхностно-активным веществом.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC представляет собой производное амида жирной кислоты с амфотерной структурой.

Dehyton DC представляет собой поверхностно-активное вещество, которое можно использовать в качестве антимикробного агента.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC также является компонентом аналитического метода измерения жирных кислот в растительном материале.

Было показано, что Dehyton DC обладает антимикробной активностью в отношении грамотрицательных бактерий, таких как Escherichia coli и Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC не взаимодействует с гидроксильной группой жирной кислоты, а реагирует с кислым водородом по карбоксильной группе, что приводит к окислению и деградации молекулы.
Dehyton DC можно использовать для очистки сточных вод и в качестве катализатора окисления в органическом синтезе.

Dehyton DC — мягкое амфотерное поверхностно-активное вещество светлого цвета, низкой вязкости, слабого раздражающего действия, высокой пенообразующей способности и высокой загущающей способности.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC широко используется в мягких шампунях, средствах для мытья тела, очищающих средствах для лица, мыле для рук, средствах для бритья в качестве основного или вторичного поверхностно-активного вещества.

Dehyton DC действует как мягкий пенообразователь, моющее средство и кондиционер для кожи/волос.
В качестве усилителя пены Dehyton DC увеличивает пенообразующую способность раствора за счет увеличения поверхностной вязкости жидкости, окружающей отдельные пузырьки в пене.

Dehyton DC является хорошим усилителем пены и кондиционирующим агентом, используемым в различных косметических средствах и средствах личной гигиены, особенно в очищающих средствах для лица, скрабах и кремах для бритья.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC мягко воздействует на кожу.

Dehyton DC делает ткань мягкой и гладкой.
Кроме того, Dehyton DC делает волосы мягкими, легко расчесываемыми, блестящими и блестящими.



ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ


Точка кипения: 100°С
Точка плавления: -12°C
рН: 8,0
Растворимость: растворим в воде
Внешний вид: жидкость.
Цвет: желтый.
Характеристика запаха:
Од наш порог: Нет в наличии.
pH (10% водный раствор): 8,0–9,0
Температура плавления: нет данных.
Начальная точка кипения и диапазон: > 100°C/212°F
Температура вспышки: Недоступно.
Скорость испарения: > 1
Воспламеняемость (твердое вещество, газ): Неприменимо.
Предел воспламеняемости - нижний (%): не применимо.
Давление пара: ~20 мм рт.ст. при 25°C
Плотность пара: > 1
Относительная плотность: 1,15–1,20 при 25°C
Растворимость(и): Растворим в воде.
Коэффициент разделения: Недоступно.
Температура самовоспламенения: нет данных.
Температура разложения: нет данных.
Вязкость: 3000 макс при 25°C
Взрывоопасные свойства: Неприменимо.
Окислительные свойства: Неприменимо.
Другая информация: нет.
Температура застывания: нет данных.
Точка замерзания: нет данных.
Поверхностное натяжение: нет данных.



ПЕРВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ


Зрительный контакт:

Немедленно промыть глаза большим количеством воды, время от времени приподнимая верхнее и нижнее веко.
Проверьте и снимите контактные линзы. Продолжайте полоскать не менее 10 минут.
Получите медицинскую помощь.


Вдыхание:

Вынести пострадавшего на свежий воздух и обеспечить ему покой в удобном для дыхания положении.
Если нет дыхания, если дыхание неровное или если произошла остановка дыхания, обеспечьте искусственную
дыхания или кислорода обученным персоналом.
Реанимация «рот в рот» может быть опасна для человека, оказывающего помощь.

Обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если неблагоприятные последствия для здоровья сохраняются или являются серьезными.
Если вы потеряли сознание, примите положение для восстановления и немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.

Поддерживайте открытые дыхательные пути.
Ослабьте тесную одежду, такую как воротник, галстук, ремень или пояс.


Контакт с кожей:

Промойте загрязненную кожу большим количеством воды.
Снимите загрязненную одежду и обувь.

Продолжайте полоскать не менее 10 минут.
Получите медицинскую помощь.

Стирайте одежду перед повторным использованием.
Тщательно очистите обувь перед повторным использованием.


Проглатывание:

Промыть рот водой.
Снимите зубные протезы, если они есть.
Вынести пострадавшего на свежий воздух и обеспечить ему покой в удобном для дыхания положении.

Если материал был проглочен и пострадавший находится в сознании, дайте выпить небольшое количество воды.
Остановитесь, если подвергшийся воздействию человек чувствует себя плохо, так как рвота может быть опасной.

Не вызывайте рвоту, если это не предписано медицинским персоналом.
При возникновении рвоты следует держать голову низко, чтобы рвотные массы не попали в легкие.

Обратитесь за медицинской помощью, если неблагоприятные последствия для здоровья сохраняются или являются серьезными.
Никогда не давайте ничего в рот человеку, находящемуся без сознания.
Если вы потеряли сознание, примите положение для восстановления и немедленно обратитесь за медицинской помощью.

Поддерживайте открытые дыхательные пути.
Ослабьте тесную одежду, такую как воротник, галстук, ремень или пояс.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ


Защитные меры:

Наденьте соответствующие средства индивидуальной защиты.
Не глотать.
Избегайте контакта с глазами, кожей и одеждой.

Избегайте вдыхания паров или тумана.
Хранить в оригинальной упаковке или одобренной альтернативе, изготовленной из совместимого материала, плотно закрытой, когда она не используется.

Пустые контейнеры сохраняют остатки продукта и могут быть опасны.
Не используйте контейнер повторно


Рекомендации по общей гигиене труда:

Прием пищи, питье и курение должны быть запрещены в местах, где обрабатываются, хранятся и перерабатываются эти материалы.
Рабочие должны мыть руки и лицо перед едой, питьем и курением.
Перед входом в места приема пищи снимите загрязненную одежду и защитное снаряжение.


Условия для безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:

Хранить в соответствии с местным законодательством.
Хранить в оригинальной упаковке, защищенной от
прямому солнечному свету в сухом, прохладном и хорошо проветриваемом помещении, вдали от несовместимых материалов, продуктов питания и напитков.

Держите контейнер плотно закрытым и запечатанным до готовности к использованию.
Контейнеры, которые были открыты, должны быть тщательно закрыты и храниться в вертикальном положении, чтобы предотвратить утечку.

Не хранить в немаркированных контейнерах.
Используйте соответствующую изоляцию, чтобы избежать загрязнения окружающей среды.



СИНОНИМЫ


ДЭХИТОН® ДЦ
ДИТЕРОЛ® G36
Cola® Det BSC (D)
Cola® Det GBP (D)
Cola® Det MCA-2 (D)
Кола® Дет МС-1 (Д)
Cola® Teric CDCX-50 (D)
Кродатерик™ CDA 40
Евроглик Д
Евроглик MD
ПЭЛ-АМФ™ 2С
Rewoteric® AM 2 C NM
ГЕТАИН ЦДА
ГЕТОКСИД МСК
ТС-МАБ 40CD
ЭМПИГЕН® 5151
EMPIGEN® CDR 2M
Джитерик CDX-38
Джитерик CM-36S
Бетадет® ТГК-2
ЛАКТОН 2SCA
Амфотерж® W-2
Schercoteric™ MS-2 50 Имидазолиний Амфотерный
Кокоамфодиацетат динатрия
МИКОНОЛ 2MCA
МИКОНОЛ С2М
МИКОНОЛ C2M(H)
Амфолак® MSX-2
Амфолак® XCO-30
CalBlend® БЕСПЛАТНО
Протерик™ CDL
Протерик™ CDX-38
РИТАФАКТАНТ 40 CD
Mackadet® BSC-NAD
Маккам® 2С
Маккам® 2С-75
Маккам® 2C-LV
Маккам® 2CT
Сопал 2690
Сопалтерик ДСК-90 ЛВ
Сопалтерик ДСКВА-27
Аблютер DCM
КленСофт II™
КленСофт™
АМФОТЕНСИД ГБ 2009 СП
ТЕКПОН Д
Амфотензид 9М
Амфотензид GLX
Амфотензид МИПА
амфосол 2С
амфотерг W2
кокоамфокарбоксиглицинат
миранол C2M концентрат NP
шеркотерический МС 2
Эмпиген CDR 40
Макам 2С
Miracare 2MCAS
Миранол С 2М
Миранол С 2М Конц.
Миранол С 2М концентрат
Миранол С 2М-НП
Миранол С 2М-НП-ХВ
Миранол C2M Конц. НП
Miranol C2M Концентрат НП
Монатерический 805
Монатерический CDX 38
Монатерический CLV
Ревотерик АМ 2С-НМ

Benzoate de denatonium; Benzyl diethyl [(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl] ammonium benzoate; Denatoniumbenzoat; Benzoato de denatonio; Lidocaine benzyl benzoate; N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl­carbamoyl)­ methyl]­benzyl ammonium benzoate; Bitrex CAS NO:3734-33-6

DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE, N° CAS : 90823-38-4, Nom INCI : DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE Nom chimique : Benzenemethanaminium, N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, salt with 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide Ses fonctions (INCI) Dénaturant : Rend les cosmétiques désagréables. Principalement ajouté aux cosmétiques contenant de l'alcool éthylique

Benzoate de denatonium; Benzyl diethyl [(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl] ammonium benzoate; Denatoniumbenzoat; Benzoato de denatonio; Lidocaine benzyl benzoate; N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl­carbamoyl)­ methyl]­benzyl ammonium benzoate; Bitrex CAS NO: 3734-33-6

Benzoate de denatonium; Benzyl diethyl [(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl] ammonium benzoate; Denatoniumbenzoat; Benzoato de denatonio; Lidocaine benzyl benzoate; N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl­carbamoyl)­ methyl]­benzyl ammonium benzoate; Bitrex CAS NO:3734-33-6

DEQUEST 2060 S безвреден, легко растворяется в растворе кислоты.
DEQUEST 2060 S обладает отличными свойствами ингибирования образования накипи и коррозии, а также хорошей термостойкостью.
DEQUEST 2060 S может ингибировать образование накипи карбонатов, сульфатов и фосфатов.

Номер КАС: 15827-60-8
Номер ЕС: 237-066-7
Молекулярная формула: C9H28O15N3P5
Молекулярная масса: 573,2

DEQUEST 2060 S является универсальным ингибитором образования отложений, мощным секвестрантом и превосходным ингибитором образования отложений сульфата бария.
DEQUEST 2060 S используется для обработки охлаждающей воды, стабилизации пероксидного отбеливателя и контроля образования отложений в составе моющих средств, промышленных и институциональных очистителей, очистки геотермальной воды, контроля образования отложений на нефтяных месторождениях.

DEQUEST 2060 S безвреден, легко растворяется в растворе кислоты.
DEQUEST 2060 S обладает отличными свойствами ингибирования образования накипи и коррозии, а также хорошей термостойкостью.

DEQUEST 2060 S может ингибировать образование накипи карбонатов, сульфатов и фосфатов.
В условиях щелочной среды и высокой температуры (выше 210 ℃) DEQUEST 2060 S проявляет лучший эффект ингибирования образования накипи и коррозии, чем другие фосфорорганические соединения.

DEQUEST 2060 S также доступен с раствором натриевой соли.

Использование DEQUEST 2060 S:
DEQUEST 2060 S может использоваться в качестве ингибитора образования накипи и коррозии в системах оборотного холодного водоснабжения и котловой воды, особенно в щелочных системах оборотного холодного водоснабжения без дополнительной регулировки рН.
DEQUEST 2060 S также может использоваться в промывочной воде, холодной воде и котловой воде с высокой концентрацией карбоната бария.

Когда DEQUEST 2060 S используется отдельно, образуется небольшой осадок накипи, даже если не используется никакой диспергатор.
DEQUEST 2060 S может также использоваться в качестве стабилизатора перекиси, хелатирующего агента в красильной промышленности, диспергатора пигмента, носителя микроэлементов в удобрениях и модификатора бетона.
Кроме того, DEQUEST 2060 S можно использовать в производстве бумаги, гальванике, кислотной очистке и косметике.

Рекомендуемое использование DEQUEST 2060 S:
Чистящее средство для камней и кирпичей,
Покрытия,
Косметическая добавка.

Другие варианты использования DEQUEST 2060 S:
Приготовление и (пере)упаковка веществ и смесей,
средства против накипи,
Использование в чистящих средствах,
Косметика, средства личной гигиены,
Изделия для обработки металлических поверхностей, в том числе гальванические и гальванические изделия,
Покрытия и краски, разбавители, смывки краски,
Отбеливатель для бумажной массы,
отбеливающее средство,
Агрохимическое использование,
Производство керамики и стекла,
Производство вещества,
Использовать как промежуточное звено,
Промышленное использование,
Профессиональное использование,
Потребительское использование,
Распределение вещества.

Применение DEQUEST 2060 S:
DEQUEST 2060 S является загрязнителем сточных вод и компонентом фосфорсодержащих наночастиц и материалов, например, при приготовлении наночастиц хитозана для депорпорации плутония в легких.
DEQUEST 2060 S в основном используется в качестве хелатирующего (секвестрирующего) агента, стабилизатора пероксидного отбеливателя.

Упаковка и хранение DEQUEST 2060 S:
Хранение DEQUEST 2060 S в течение десяти месяцев в темном и сухом месте.

Хранение DEQUEST 2060 S:
Гигроскопичен, -20°C Морозильник, В инертной атмосфере.

Безопасность и защита DEQUEST 2060 S:
Кислотность, Избегать попадания в глаза и на кожу, при попадании промыть водой.

Идентификаторы DEQUEST 2060 S:
Номер КАС: 15827-60-8
Молекулярная формула: C9H28N3O15P5
Молекулярный вес: 573,2
Название продукта: ДТПМПА
Химическое название: Диэтилентриамин пента (метиленфосфоновая кислота)
Молекулярная масса 573
КАС № 15827-60-8
Общее название: DEQUEST 2060S

Свойства DEQUEST 2060 S:
Внешний вид: масло от бледно-желтого до коричневого цвета
Растворимость: водная основа (умеренно), вода
Температура вспышки: не применимо
Коэффициент распределения:
Pow: 3,4 при 20 °C (68 °F) log Pow: 20 °C (68 °F)
pH: < 2,0 при 25 °C (77 °F)
Относительная плотность: 1,42 при 20 °C (68 °F)
Растворимость в воде: DEQUEST 2060 S полностью смешивается
Химическое название: Диэтилентриамин пента (метиленфосфоновая кислота)
Аббревиатура: ДТПМПА
Свойства продукта: Кислотный раствор
Внешний вид: прозрачный коричневый водный раствор
Активное содержание %: 50 (в пересчете на кислоту)
Молекулярный вес: 573
Средний размер частиц (мк): нет данных
Плотность при 20/20℃: 1,42
рН (1% при 25 ℃): <2
Точка замерзания (℃): -25
Хлорид (% cl): <5
Железо (ППМФЭ): <20
Ингибирование образования отложений CaCo3: очень хорошее
Ингибирование образования отложений CaSo4: отличное
Переносимость кальция: хорошая
Дисперсия Fe: хелатирование
способность: отлично
Ингибирование коррозии углеродистой стали (компаунд): очень хорошее

Технические характеристики DEQUEST 2060 S:
Номер CAS: 13598-36-2 - 15827-60-8 - 7647-01-0
Класс: Технический
Внешний вид: жидкость
Цвет: темный, янтарный
Запах: резкий

Внешний вид: прозрачный темно-янтарный раствор
Активное содержание: 49,0 - 51,0 %
Фосфористая кислота (asPO33-): макс. 5,0%
pH (1% водный раствор): 2,0% макс.
Плотность (20°C) г/см3: 1,35 - 1,45
Секвестрация кальция: 450 мин.

Состав DEQUEST 2060 S:
Диэтилентриамин пента (метиленфосфоновая кислота),
Соляная кислота,
Фосфоновая кислота.

Категория DEQUEST 2060 S:
Стандарты,
экологические стандарты,
Мутагены и метаболиты.

Другие сопутствующие товары DEQUEST 2060 S:
Цитрат динатрия кокоглюкозида
динатрий кокоглюкозид сульфосукцинат
Тартрат динатрия коко-глюкозида
ЗАПРОС 4066
ДЕКУСТ 2060S
ЗАПРОС 2066А
ЗАПРОС SPE 1436
DEQUEST PB11620 D
DEQUEST PB11625 D
Турпинал 4NL-тетранатрия этидронат
Турпинал 4NP-тетранатрия этидронат
Turpinal SL- этидроновая кислота
ДЕЕКВЕТ 2010
ЗАПРОС 6004
ЗАПРОС 2047
ДЕКЕСТ 2016
DEQUEST 2016 ДГ
ДЕКЕСТ 2016D
ЗАПРОС 2046
ЗАПРОС 2066
ЗАПРОС 2066C2
ЗАПРОС 4266D
каприлил глюкозид
Лаурил глюкозид
Кокосовый глюкозид

Синонимы DEQUEST 2060 S:
Фосфоновая кислота, [[(фосфонометил)имино]бис[2,1-этандиилнитрилобис(метилен)]]тетракис-(9CI)
Фосфоновая кислота, [[бис[2-[бис(фосфонометил)амино]этил]амино]метил]-(8Cl); P,P',P'',P'''-[[(фосфонометил)имино]бис[2,1-этандиилнитрилобис(метилен)]]тетракис[фосфоновая кислота]
CIX
Кублен Д 50
Кублен DNC 450
DETPMP
ДК 2060
ДТПА-П
DTPF
DTPMP
ДТПМПА
ДТПП
ДТПА
ЗАПРОС 2060
ДЕЕКВЕСТ 2060А
ДЕКУСТ 2060S
DEQUEST SPE 9505
Диэтилентриамин-N,N,N',N'',N''-пента(метиленфосфоновая кислота)
Диэтилентриамин-N,N,N',N'',N''-пентакис (метиленфосфоновая кислота)
Диэтилентриаминпента (метиленфосфоновая кислота)
Диэтилентриаминпентакис (метиленфосфоновая кислота)
Диэтилентриаминпентакис (метилфосфоновая кислота)
Диэтилентриаминопента (метиленфосфоновая кислота)
этилентриами
Фосфоновая кислота
H3PO3
УНИИ-35V6A8JW8E
35V6A8JW8E
ЧЕБИ:44976
MFCD00137258
Циклогексануксусная кислота, 4-[4-[6-(аминокарбонил)-3,5-диметил-2-пиразинил]фенил]-, транс-
Оксид дигидроксифосфина
Тригидроксифосфин
78Т
PO3
Тригидроксид фосфора
водородная фосфоновая кислота
Фосфористая кислота, 99%
Фосфонат, фосфоновая кислота
Фосфористая кислота, >=98,5%
КЕМБЛ1235291
DTXSID2049715
Раствор фосфористой кислоты >=50%
ИНЭКС 237-066-7
АКОС015903593
ЦИНК245204350
ЦИНК256056072
БП-21055
FT-0688176
FT-0693849
C06701
ЕС 237-066-7
Фосфоновая кислота 100 мкг/мл в ацетонитриле
J-006791
Q64703485
15827-60-8
диэтилентриамин пентаметиленфосфоновая кислота
Диэтилентриаминпента (метиленфосфоновая кислота)
УНИИ-0Q75589TM3
SCHEMBL22924
Диэтилентриамин, пентаметиленпентафосфоновая кислота
DTXSID0027775
MFCD00129718
ЦИНК59129438
АКОС025310980
(((Фосфонометил)имино)бис(этан-2,1-диилнитрилобис(метилен)))тетракифосфоновая кислота
P074
FT-0624891
диэтилентриамин пентаметиленфосфоновая кислота
827D608
А809915
J-009490
Q3011490
Раствор диэтилентриаминпента(метиленфосфоновой кислоты)
[(бис{2-[бис(фосфонометил)амино]этил}амино)метил]фосфоновая кислота
Раствор диэтилентриаминпентакиса (метилфосфоновой кислоты) 50% в 15% HCl: 35% H2O
Раствор диэтилентриаминпентакис(метилфосфоновой кислоты) технический, ~50% (Т)
244775-22-2
67774-91-8
Фосфоновая кислота, P,P',P'',P'''-(((фосфонометил)имино)бис(2,1-этандиилнитрилобис(метилен))тетракис-
7647-01-0
Соляная кислота
Кислота хлоргидрик
Хлорвассерштофф
Безводная соляная кислота
Духи соли
Хлоруотерстоф
Хлороводор
хлорная кислота
муриатикум ацидум
Водный хлористый водород
Солянокислый газ
Морская кислота
моногидрохлорид
Дух соли
УНИ-QTT17582CB
НБК 77365
ЧЕБИ:17883
Хлористый водород (кислота)
HCl
QTT17582CB
MFCD00011324
НСК-77365
Е507
Очиститель чаши
Дезинфицирующее средство для чаши 4-D
Хлороводор [польский]
Раствор соляной кислоты, 1 н.
Очиститель чаши эмульсии
Касвелл № 486
Хлороводород
Chloorwaterstof [голландский]
раствор о-толидина дигидрохлорида
Соляная кислота [JAN]
Хлорвассерстофф [немецкий]
Хлористый водород - реагент метанол
Титан, эталонный стандартный раствор
Ванадий, эталонный стандартный раствор
Кислота хлороводородная
ООН 1789 (раствор)
Соляная кислота, реагент ACS, 37%
ООН 1050 (безводный)
моно гидрохлорид
Acido cloridrico [итал.]
Стандартный раствор платинового кобальтового цвета
Хлорводород [французский]
Хлоруро де гидрогено
ХДБ 545
Раствор соляной кислоты, 0,1N (N/10)
Хлоруро де гидрогено [испанский]
ИНЭКС 231-595-7
UN1050
ООН1789
ООН2186
Безводный хлористый водород
Хлорводородный ангидрид [французский]
Cloruro de hidrogeno anhidro [испанский]
Химический код пестицида EPA 045901
Хлорводородный ангидрид
Cloruro de hidrogeno anhidro
ООН 2186 (охлажденный сжиженный газ)
хлор
хлор
гидрохлорид
Зальцсер
Соляная кислота [JAN:NF]
хлороводород
гидрохлорид
Хлоррадикал
Паяльная кислота
соляная кислота
соляная кислота
хлористый водород
Лириопезиды-Б
Baume hcl
Иконный офорт
Духи солей
вассерштофхлорид
моногидрохлорид
Сибирикоза-А6
хлоруро де гидрогено
хлористоводородная кислота
Enplate по 236
Хлористый водород - метанольный раствор
Ns/-Boc-D-лизин
H-Cl
Соляная кислота 37%
Разбавленная соляная кислота
Разбавленная соляная кислота
HCL]
17Cl
ЕС 231-595-7
Соляная кислота безводная
Кислота хлористоводородная разбавленная
кислота соляная техническая
Соляная кислота (JP15/NF)
ИНС № 507
Раствор соляной кислоты, 2 н.
КЕМБЛ1231821
DTXSID2020711
Соляная кислота (JP17/USP)
ЧЕБИ:23116
Раствор соляной кислоты, 1 М
Раствор соляной кислоты, 2 М
Раствор соляной кислоты, 6 М
раствор хлористого водорода в этаноле
ИНС-507
Кислота соляная АЦС 31%
Хлористый водород, 4M в диоксане
DTXSID801014230
Концентрат соляной кислоты, 1 н.
NSC77365
Хлористый водород - бутаноловый реагент
Смола SASRIN (200-400 меш)
БДБМ50499188
CS0072
Раствор соляной кислоты, 0,05 М
MFCD00792839
STL282413
Соляная кислота, Па, 31-33%
Хлористый водород, охлажденная жидкость
АКОС015843726
CCG-221928
ДБ13366
Хлористый водород, 4М водный раствор
MCULE-7728164114
1789 г.
ООН 1050
ООН 1789
ООН 2186
Кислота соляная техническая, 30%
2647-01-0
Соляная кислота (кислотные аэрозоли, включая туманы, пары, газы, туман и другие переносимые по воздуху формы частиц любого размера)
H-Lys(2,4-дихлор-Z)-OBzl(c){ HCl
Раствор соляной кислоты, очищенный, 36%
1 н. водный раствор соляной кислоты (+/-0,1 н.)
3 н. водный раствор соляной кислоты (+/-0,2 н.)
5 н. водный раствор соляной кислоты (+/-0,2 н.)
DS-002721
Хлористый водород, 25% (масс./масс.) в метаноле
Е-507
FT-0627124
FT-0628063
FT-0699355
FT-0699890
FT-0699899
FT-0700010
H1060
H1062
H1202
H1203
H1277
Q211086
Раствор соляной кислоты, 32 мас. % в H2O, FCC
Кислота соляная, СЖ первого сорта, 35,0-37,0%
Соляная кислота, раствор [UN1789] [Коррозионное вещество]
Хлористый водород - раствор этанола, 3% в этаноле
Хлористый водород безводный [UN1050] [Ядовитый газ]
Раствор хлороводорода 3,95M-4,40M в диоксане
Раствор хлористого водорода 5,0-6,0М в изопропаноле
Раствор хлористого водорода, 1,0 М в диэтиловом эфире
Раствор хлористого водорода, 1М в изопропилацетате
Раствор хлористого водорода, 2,0 М в диэтиловом эфире
J-006148
Раствор соляной кислоты, BioXtra, ~0,1 М в H2O
Соляная кислота, экологический класс Plus, 33-36%
Соляная кислота, специальный сорт JIS, 35,0-37,0%
Кислота соляная, Па, реагент АЦС, 36,5-38,0%
Соляная кислота, специальный сорт SAJ, >=35,0%
Хлороводород безводный [UN1050] [Ядовитый газ]
Хлористый водород - раствор этанола, 0,1 М в этаноле
Раствор соляной кислоты, чистота для секвенирования белков, жидкость
Раствор соляной кислоты, САЖ первого сорта, 9,5-10,0%
Соляная кислота, чистая, дымящаяся 37%, >=37% (Т)
Хлористый водород, 5-6М раствор в 2-пропаноле, чистый
Компонент UNII-YQX12245A9 VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Раствор соляной кислоты, 0,1 М, для адаптерной технологии 3S
Хлористый водород, охлажденная жидкость [UN2186] [Ядовитый газ]
Раствор соляной кислоты, ~6 М в H2O, для анализа аминокислот
Кислота соляная, 36,5-38,0%, Биореагент, для молекулярной биологии
Соляная кислота, 37 мас. % в H2O, 99,999% следов металлов
Соляная кислота, BioUltra, >=32% (T), подходит для люминесценции
Соляная кислота, пригодная для аминокислотного анализа, 35,0-37,0%
Соляная кислота, пригодная для определения мышьяка, 35,0-37,0%
Раствор хлористого водорода 3,0 М в циклопентилметиловом эфире (ЦПМЭ)
Раствор хлористого водорода, 3 М в циклопентилметиловом эфире (ЦПМЭ)
Раствор хлористого водорода, 3 М в метаноле, для дериватизации ГХ
Раствор соляной кислоты, 1,0 N, биореагент, подходит для культивирования клеток
Раствор соляной кислоты, объемный, 0,1 М HCl (0,1 н.), без эндотоксинов
Соляная кислота, пригодная для определения токсичных металлов, >=35,0%
Хлористый водород - раствор этанола, ~ 1,25 М HCl, для дериватизации ГХ
Хлористый водород - раствор метанола, ~ 1,25 М HCl, для дериватизации ГХ
Раствор хлористого водорода, 0,5 М в метаноле, для дериватизации ГХ
Кислота соляная АСУ марки 36,5-38% для биохимии и молекулярной биологии
Кислота соляная, соответствует аналитической спецификации Ph. Eur., BP, NF, дымящаяся, 36,5-38%
Кислота соляная, па, реагент АЦС, реаг. ISO, рег. Ph.Eur., 37,0-38,0%
Кислота соляная полупроводниковая PURANAL™ (Honeywell 17823), дымящая 37%, 37-38
Соляная кислота полупроводникового качества PURANAL™ (Honeywell 17863), >=32%
Соляная кислота полупроводникового класса SLSI PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17302), дымность 37%
Кислота соляная полупроводниковая СБИС ПУРАНАЛ(ТМ) (Honeywell 17610), дымность 37%
Хлористый водород - раствор 1-бутанола, ~ 3 М в 1-бутаноле, для дериватизации ГХ
Хлористый водород - раствор 2-пропанола, ~ 1,25 М HCl (T), для дериватизации ГХ
185912-82-7
Стандартный концентрат атомной спектроскопии хлоридов 10,00 г Cl-, 10,00 г/л, на 1 л стандартного раствора, аналитический стандарт
Концентрат соляной кислоты, 0,1 н., концентрат растворяющей среды, разбавить до 25 л в соответствии с USP и EP
Концентрат соляной кислоты, 0,1 н., концентрат растворяющей среды, разбавить до 6 л в соответствии с USP и EP
Соляная кислота, пурисс. pa, реагент ACS, реаг. ISO, рег. Ph. Eur., дымящийся, >=37%, APHA: <=10

DEQUEST 2066 – универсальный ингибитор отложений, мощный секвестрант и превосходный ингибитор отложений сульфата бария.
DEQUEST 2066 представляет собой хелатирующий или изолирующий агент, стабилизирующий щелочные составы и системы с перкарбонатами.
DEQUEST 2066 используется при очистке охлаждающей воды, стабилизации пероксидного отбеливателя и контроле накипи в рецептурах моющих средств, промышленных и институциональных чистящих средствах, геотермальной очистке воды, контроле накипи на нефтяных месторождениях.

Номер CAS: 22042-96-2
Номер ЕС: 244-751-4
Молекулярная формула: C9H28N3O15P5.xNa.
Молекулярный вес: 1412,73

Синонимы: DEQUEST(R) 2060, ДИЭТИЛЕНТРИАМИНЕПЕНТАКИС(МЕТИЛФОСФОНОВАЯ КИСЛОТА), ДИЭТИЛЕНТРИАМИН ПЕНТА(МЕТИЛЕНФОСФОНОВАЯ КИСЛОТА), dtpmp, [[(фосфонометил)имино]бис[2,1-этандиилнитрилобис(метилен)]]тетракисфосфоновая кислота, диэтилентриамин ,пентаметиленпентафосфоновая кислота, диэтилентриаминпента(метиленфосфоновая кислота), диэтилентриаминпента(метилфосфоновая кислота), диэтилентриаминпентакис(метилфосфоновая кислота) раствор, e)]]тетракис-, фосфоновая кислота, [[(фосфонометил)имино]бис[2,1-этандиилнитрилобис(метилен, фосфоновая кислота, [[(фосфонометил)имино]бис[2,1-этандиилнитрилобис(метилен)]]тетракис-, [[(фосфонометил)имино]бис[этан-2,1-диилнитрилобис(метилен)]]тетракисфосфоновая кислота, стабилизатор WPW-2 перекиси водорода, DETPMP, ДИЭТИЛЕН ТРИАМИН ПЕНТА, DEQUEST 2060, раствор диэтилентриаминпентакиса (метилфосфоновой кислоты), диэтилентриамин пента (метиленфосфоновая кислота) (DTPMP), ДИЭТИЛЕНПЕНТА (МЕТИЛЕНФОСФОНИКАЦИД) CAS NO: 15827-60-8, фосфоновая кислота, P,P ',P'',P'''-[[(фосфонометил)имино]бис[2,1-этандиилнитрилобис(метилен)]]тетракис-,натриевая соль (1:?), фосфоновая кислота,[[бис[2- [бис(фосфонометил)амино]этил]амино]метил]-, натриевая соль, фосфоновая кислота, [[(фосфонометил)имино]бис[2,1-этандиилнитрилобис(метилен)]]тетракис-, натриевая соль, Wayplex 55S, Sequion 40Na32, Briquest 543-33S, DEQUEST 2066, Masquol P 550, Briquest 221, Briquest 543-25S, натриевая соль диэтилентриаминпента(метиленфосфоновой кислоты), DETPM, DEQUEST 4066, Briquest 543-45AS, Briquest 543-45, Cublen D 3217N, 1033 33 -75-1, 92481-35-1, 291513-78-5

DTPMP или диэтилентриамин пента (метиленфосфоновая кислота) представляет собой фосфоновую кислоту.
DEQUEST 2066 обладает хелатирующими и антикоррозийными свойствами.

DEQUEST 2066 представляет собой хелатирующий или изолирующий агент, стабилизирующий щелочные составы и системы с перкарбонатами.

Использование DEQUEST 2066:
DEQUEST 2066 в основном используется для синтеза сердечно-сосудистого препарата метопролола.
DEQUEST 2066 – сырье для синтеза лекарственных средств, пестицидов, красителей и технических пластиков.

Обращение и хранение DEQUEST 2066:

Умение обращаться:
Избегайте длительного или многократного контакта с кожей.
Тщательно мойте руки после контакта или контакта.

Инженерные меры:
Обеспечьте естественную или механическую вентиляцию, чтобы свести к минимуму воздействие.
Если это возможно, используйте местную механическую вытяжную вентиляцию в источниках загрязнения воздуха, таких как технологическое оборудование.

Хранение DEQUEST 2066:
Хранить в прохладном, сухом, хорошо проветриваемом месте.
Стабилен при нормальных условиях обращения и хранения.
Для достижения наилучших результатов материал следует хранить в прохладном и сухом месте.

Температура: > -10 С

Используйте эти материалы для оборудования:
Стекловагонка, ПВХ, полипропилен, стеклопластик, полиэтилен.

Неподходящие строительные материалы:
Мягкая сталь, углеродистая сталь, алюминий, другие металлы.

Срок годности DEQUEST 2066:
3 года.

Меры первой помощи DEQUEST 2066:

Сильно загрязненная одежда:
Перед повторным использованием промойте.

Зрительный контакт:
Немедленно промойте большим количеством воды.
Продолжайте не менее 15 минут.
Обратитесь к врачу, если симптомы сохраняются.

Контакт с кожей:
Немедленно промойте большим количеством воды.
Обратитесь к врачу, если симптомы сохраняются.

Вдыхание:
Вынести больного на свежий воздух.

Проглатывание:
Дайте воды попить.
Получите медицинскую консультацию.

Противопожарные мероприятия DEQUEST 2066:

Средства пожаротушения:
Распыление воды, пена, сухие химикаты или углекислый газ.

Опасност�� воздействия:
Разлагается в огне с выделением раздражающих паров.

Продукты сгорания:
Двуокись углерода, окись углерода (CO), оксиды азота (NOx), оксиды фосфора (PxOy)

Защитная экипировка:
Пожарные и другие лица, подвергшиеся воздействию, носят автономные дыхательные аппараты.
После использования оборудование необходимо тщательно дезинфицировать.

Идентификаторы DEQUEST 2066:
Номер КАС: 22042-96-2
Формула: C9H28N3O15P5.xNa
Номер ЕС: 239-931-4
Молекулярный вес: 1412,73
Точная масса: 792,84000.
Номер ЕС: 244-751-4
Идентификатор DSSTox: DTXSID2029321|DTXSID0029840

Свойства DEQUEST 2066:
Форма: жидкость
Цвет: янтарный
Запах: без запаха
pH: 2–3 при 10 г/л при 25 C
Удельный вес: 1,41 - 1,43
Растворимость в воде: полностью смешивается
Коэффициент распределения ноктанол/вода (log Pow): 3,5 при 20 C
Температура замерзания: -20 С.

Молекулярный вес: 595,18
Число доноров водородных связей: 9
Количество акцепторов водородной связи: 18
Количество вращающихся облигаций: 16
Точная масса: 595.00279643
Моноизотопная масса: 595,00279643.
Топологическая площадь полярной поверхности: 300
Количество тяжелых атомов: 33
Сложность: 813
Количество единиц ковалентной связи: 2
Соединение канонизировано: Да

Физическое состояние: Жидкость.
Цвет: Коричневый.
Точка плавления/замерзания: 449,85°C. Примечания: Для этой конечной точки атмосферное давление не зарегистрировано.
Точка кипения или начальная точка кипения и диапазон кипения: > 480 °C.
Температура вспышки: 560,6°C.
Кинематическая вязкость: динамическая вязкость (в мПа·с) = Ca. 150. Температура: 20°С.
Растворимость в воде: Примечания: Сообщалось, что вещество смешивается с водой.
Коэффициент распределения н-октанол/вода: log Pow = -3,4. Примечания: Температура и pH не указаны.
Давление пара: 0 Па. Температура: 25 °C.
Плотность и/или относительная плотность: 1,42.

Технические характеристики DEQUEST 2066:
ПСА: 374,72000
XLogP3: 1,95040
Внешний вид: Жидкость; МокрыйТвердый
Плотность: 1,945 г/см3
Точка кипения: 1003,3°C при 760 мм рт.ст.
Температура вспышки: 560,6°C

Химический состав DEQUEST 2066:
Диэтилентриамин пента (метиленфосфоновая кислота)

Другие продукты DEQUEST:
DEQUEST 2010
DEQUEST 2016
DEQUEST 2016 DG
DEQUEST 2016D
DEQUEST 2046
DEQUEST 2047
DEQUEST 2060S
DEQUEST 2066A
DEQUEST 2066C2
DEQUEST 4066
DEQUEST 4266D
DEQUEST 6004
DEQUEST PB11620 D
DEQUEST PB11625 D
DEQUEST SPE 1436

Sodium lauryl dipropionate; N-DODECYL-B-IMINODIPROPIONIC ACID, MONOSODIUM SALT, ANAGRADE?; sodium N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-beta-alaninate; SODIUM LAURIMINODIPROPIONATE; .beta.-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, monosodium salt; n-(2-carboxyethyl)-n-dodecyl-beta-alanin monosodium salt; n-(2-carboxyethyl)-n-dodecyl-beta-alaninmonosodium salt; N-Lauryl-.beta.-iminodipropionic acid, sodium salt CAS NO:14960-06-6

CELLULOSE GUM, N° CAS : 9004-32-4 - Dérivé de cellulose, Autres langues : Goma de celulosa, Gomma di cellulosa, Zellulosegummi, Nom INCI : CELLULOSE GUM, La cellulose est présente naturellement dans les parois des végétaux, y compris dans le bois. Par le terme de "Cellulose Gum", on désigne un dérivé de cellulose, sans pour autant savoir lequel. De manière industrielle, la cellulose est en générale extraite à partir du bois, elle permet de fabriquer des matières plastiques (cellophane), du carton ou des textiles (viscose). En cosmétique, elle est utilisé en tant qu'agent liant et stabilisant d'émulsions.Dans les lessives, elle joue le rôle d'agent anti-redéposition, c'est à dire qu'elle évite que la saleté ne se redépose sur une surface pendant le lavage.Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Phenol, polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo3.1.1hept-2-ene; Phenol, polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo3.1.1hept-2-ene; .alpha.-Pinene, phenol polymer; phenol, polymer with; Phenol/ALPHA-pinene copolymer; alpha-pinene/ phenol copolymer CAS NO:25359-84-6

DERTOLINE DEG 2 Dertoline DEG 2 Dertoline DEG 2, a diethylene glycol-esterified rosin, is a liquid resin, tackifier and plasticizing agent, compatible with a wide range of elastomers. Applications EVA and SBC-based hot melt adhesives ACID NUMBER, MG KOH / G: 13 COLOR, GARDNER, 50 RESIN / 50 TOLUENE: 2,5 DROPPING POINT, °C:37 DERTOLINE DEG 2 Technical Datasheet DERTOLINE DEG 2 is diethylene glycol-esterified rosin-based tackifier. This deodorized liquid is used in EVA based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, labeling and bookbinding. Also used in SBC or SIS based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOLINE DEG 2 is 6 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Rosin Esters > Ethylene Glycol Esters (DEG / TEG) Chemical Composition Rosin esterified with diethyleneglycol CAS Number 68153-38-8 DERTOLINE DEG 2 CAS Number: 68153-38-8 Specifications Limits Description DERTOLINE DEG 2 is a rosin esteri?ed with diethyleneglycol and deodorized. It is a liquid tackifyer Acid Value, mg KOH/g 20 max Gardner Color 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) Dropping Point 40 deg C Viscocity about 1200 mPa.s @ 75 deg C Hydroxyl Value 25 Molecular weight 500 g/mol Solubility Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a Stability About 6 months. storage conditions and inventory control must be observed. NOTES Application: used as EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, labelling and bookbinding, and SBC based Hot Melt presure sensitive adhesives. Packaging: 200 kg net weight drums or 800 kg pallets. Storage Conditions: Under cover at temperature below 30°C. Use: BINDING, BULKING, DEPILATORY, FILM FORMING, PLASTICISER DERTOLINE DEG 2 is a Diethylene glycol ester of Tall Oil rosin

DERTOPHENE H 150 DERTOPHENE H 150 is a terpene phenolic resin showing a high polarity. It is suitable for use in solvent based and hot melt based adhesives. DERTOPHENE H 150 Technical Datasheet DERTOPHENE H 150 is a tackifier based on terpene phenolic resin. It is compatible with ethylene/vinyl acetate, ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymers, with polyesters and with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, synthetic resins). It provides high softening point, high polarity, specific adhesion and thermal resistance. It is used in EVA based hot-melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. It is recommended for tire applications. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE H 150 is 6 months. DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Its high polarity allows specific performances when formulated with EVA copolymers : specific adhesion, thermal resistance. USES EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. Masterbaches Printing inks Tyres Typical Product Specifications & Properties DERTOPHENE H 150 CAS Number: 25359-84-6 Specifications Limits Description DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Gardner Color 6 max, neat Hydroxyl Value 145 Gardner Color 6 (50 resin / 50 toluene) Molecular weight About 700 g/mol Acid Value, mg KOH/g 1 max Solubility Soluble in the most usual solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acry Stability About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observered. DERTOPHENE T 105 Technical Datasheet DERTOPHENE T 105 is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin CAS Number 25359-84-6 Terpene phenolic resin Dertophene H 150 Dertophene H 150 is a light-colored terpene phenolic resin with a high softening point. Its high polarity gives it specific properties in formulations with EVA copolymers (specific adhesion, low-temperature adhesion, flexibility and hot tack). Applications EVA-based hot melt adhesives for packaging and wood. Masterbatches for rubber Printing inks Tires Specifications Limits Description DERTOPHENE H 150 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin that shows a high softening point. Its hi Gardner Color 6 max, neat Hydroxyl Value 145 Gardner Color 6 (50 resin / 50 toluene) Molecular weight About 700 g/mol Acid Value, mg KOH/g 1 max Solubility Soluble in the most usual solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acry Stability About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observered. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by DRT DERTOPHENE H 150 by DRT is a terpene phenolic resin. It is used in EVA based hot melt adhesives for packaging and woodworking. DERTOPHENE H 150 is compatible with ethylene / vinyl acetate, ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymers, with polyesters and with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, synthetic resins). It is soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. It provides high softening point, high polarity, specific adhesion and thermal resistance. The shelf life is 6 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin Appearance Light coloredDERTOPHENE H 150 is a terpene phenolic resin showing a high polarity. It is suitable for use in solvent based and hot melt based adhesives. COMPANY DRT is a manufacturer of raw materials in the Adhesives and Sealants Industry. This company specializes in the development of turpentine and rosin extracted from pine resin along with other natural renewable resources to provide an increased flexibility as well as safety in the development of products. DRT's products include DERCOLYTE, GRANOLITE, DERMULSENE, DERTOPHENE, and DERTOLINE.PRODUCTS Adhesives Chewing-gum Paints and varnishes Pigments Rubber Flotation Road marking & asphalt Depilatory waxes DERTOPHENE H 150 Product Type: Polyterpene-Phenolic Master Product Number: MITM12940 Product SKUs: ITM20530 Softening Point (?) Color Gardner 50 R/50 T HYDROXYL Value DERTOPHENE T(Terpene phenolic resin) 95 4 20-50 DERTOPHENE T105(Terpene phenolic resin) 105 4 20-60 DERTOPHENE T110(Terpene phenolic resin) 111 4 40-60 DERTOPHENE T115(Terpene phenolic resin) 120 5 40-60 DERTOPHENE T135(Terpene phenolic resin) 135 5 50 DERTOPHENE 1510(Terpene phenolic resin) 150 6 100 DERTOPHENE T160(Terpene phenolic resin) 160 4.5 60 DERTOPHENE H150(Terpene phenolic resin) 118 5 135-150DRT is announcing changes in its DERTOPHENE® resin portfolios aimed at ensuring an acceptable economic return in the ever-changing market, improving service on high volume products and pursue our innovation program.

DERTOPHENE T 105 DERTOPHENE T 105 is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. Product Type Tackifiers > Terpenes > Terpene phenol Chemical Composition Terpene phenolic resin CAS Number 25359-84-6 Dertophene T 105 is a light-colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with numerous elastomers, resins and waxes. It enhances certain properties of hot-melt and solvent-based adhesives, including specific adhesion, cold adhesion, flexibility and hot tack. Applications EVA-based hot melt for packaging, binding, wood and labeling SBC-based hot melt for pressure sensitive adhesives Butyl or polyurethane rubber-based sealants Natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives Tires DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility. TYPICAL VALUE Softening point, ring and ball, °C 105 Gardner colour, 50 resin / 50 toluene 3 OTHER TECHNICAL DATA Hydroxyl value 20 -60 Molecular weight (Mw) About 700 Glass transition temperature (Tg mid), °C 55 Acid value, mg KOH/g Max 1 USES EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt Pressure Sensitive Adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. DERTOPHENE T 105 by DRT is terpene phenolic resin-based tackifier. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers, natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl), polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in EVA-based hot-melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labeling. It is used in SBC-based hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. It also enhances properties of natural or acrylic rubber solvent-based adhesives. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. DESCRIPTION DERTOPHENE T105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomeres, resin GARDNER COLOR 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) HYDROXYL VALUE 30 - 60 MOLECULAR WEIGHT about 700 g/mol ACID VALUE, MG KOH/G 1 max SOLUBILITY Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a STABILITY About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observed. NOTES Application: EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt pressure sensitive adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. Packaging: Flaked in 25 kg paperbag or wrapped pallets of 750 kg net weight. Storage conditons: Under cover and at temperature below 30°C. CLASS Terpenes A terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It improves the properties of hot melt or solvent adhesives. DERTOPHENE T 105 is a terpene phenolic resin. It is compatible with ethylene/ vinyl acetate, ethylene/ butyl acrylate copolymers with natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers (SIS, SBS, SBR, chloroprene, butyl) with polyesters and acrylics. Also compatible with various resins (rosin derivatives, polyterpene resins, hydrocarbon resins) with waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 is used in hot melt and solvent adhesives. Used as a tackifier in EVA-based hot melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking, labelling. Also used in SBC-based hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives, sealants-based on butyl rubber or polyurethane and solvent-based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. It improves specific adhesion, hot tack and flexibility. The shelf life of DERTOPHENE T 105 is 18 months. It is soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility.A terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. It improves the properties of hot melt or solvent adhesives. DERTOPHENE T 105 This company specializes in the development of turpentine and rosin extracted from pine resin along with other natural renewable resources to provide an increased flexibility as well as safety in the development of products. products include DERCOLYTE, GRANOLITE, DERMULSENE, DERTOPHENE, and DERTOLINE. DERTOPHENE T 105 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PRODUCT DERTOPHENE T 105 Description: DERTOPHENE T 105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomers, resins and waxes. DERTOPHENE T 105 allows to improve the properties of Hot Melt or solvent adhesives such as specific adhesion, hot tack or flexibility. DERTOPHENE T 105 CAS 25359-84-6 Phenol,DERTOPHENE T 105 polymer with 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene TYPICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION DERTOPHENE 105 DERTOPHENE T105 is a light colored terpene phenolic resin compatible with various elastomeres, resin GARDNER COLOR 5 max (50 resin / 50 toluene) HYDROXYL VALUE DERTOPHENE T 105 30 - 60 MOLECULAR WEIGHT DERTOPHENE T 105 about 700 g/mol ACID VALUE, MG KOH/G 1 max SOLUBILITY DERTOPHENE T 105 Totally soluble in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents. Compatible with ethylene / vinyl a STABILITY DERTOPHENE T 105 About 6 months, storage conditions and a strict inventory control must be observed. NOTES DERTOPHENE T 105 Application: EVA based Hot Melt adhesives for packaging, bookbinding, woodworking and labelling. SBC based Hot Melt pressure sensitive adhesives. Sealants based on butyl rubber or polyurethane. Solvent based adhesives formulated with natural or acrylic rubber. Packaging: Flaked in 25 kg paperbag or wrapped pallets of 750 kg net weight. Storage conditons: Under cover and at temperature below 30°C. CLASS Terpenes DERTOPHENE T 105 TERPENE PHENOLICS DERTOPHENE T 95 45 700 DERTOPHENE T 105 105 55 700 DERTOPHENE T 115 120 65 700 DERTOPHENE H 150 118 65 700 POLYTERPENE RESINS DERCOLYTE LTG 20 -20 550 DERCOLYTE A 115 115 69 1000 DERCOLYTE S 115 115 70 2300 DERCOLYTE M 115 115 70 1300 DERCOLYTE L 120 122 72 1100 DERCOLYTE TS 105 105 55 1200 ROSIN DERIVATIVES DERTOLINE PLS 96 53 850 HYDROGRAL G 85 42 700

aromatic polyisocyanate solution CAS NO:9081-90-7

DESMODUR BL 3175 SN DESMODUR BL 4265 SN Technical Datasheet DESMODUR BL 4265 SN is a blocked, aliphatic polyisocyanate based on IPDI. Can be thinned to a solids content of 40 % with ketones, esters, ether esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and solvent naphtha® 100, 150 and 200. It has only limited thinnability with aliphatic hydrocarbons. Shelf life of DESMODUR BL 4265 SN is 6 months. Product Type Polyurethanes > PU-Prepolymers > Isocyanates > IPDI-based Chemical Composition Aliphatic polyisocyanate based on IPDI Physical Form Liquid Desmodur BL 3175 SN In combination with Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve flexibility and adhesion. Form supplied approx. 75 % in solvent naphtha®100 Specification Property Value Unit of measurement Method Non-volatile content (0.2 g / 60 min / 80 °C) 75 ± 2 % M020-ISO 3251 Viscosity at 23 °C 3,300 ± 400 mPa·s M014-ISO 3219/A.3 Color value (Hazen) ≤ 60 M017-EN 1557 Free NCO content, modified ≤ 0.2 % M105-ISO 11909 Other data* Property Value Unit of measurement Method Blocked NCO content approx. 11.1 % Viscosity at 25 °C approx. 2,800 mPa·s M014-ISO 3219/A.3 Equivalent weight approx. 380 Flash point approx. 45 °C DIN 53 213/1 Density at 20 °C approx. 1.06 g/ml DIN EN ISO 2811 Solubility / thinnability Generally speaking, Desmodur BL 3175 SN has good compatibility with the solvents listed. However, the solutions formed must be tested for their storage stability. Desmodur BL 3175 SN can be thinned to a solids content of 40 % by wt. with ketones, esters, ether esters and aromatics. It can be thinned to a solids content of 60 % by wt. with mixtures of higher boiling aromatics such as solvent naphtha® 100 and 150. Aliphatic hydrocarbons cannot be used. Compatibility Given equivalent crosslinking (NCO/OH = 1.0), Desmodur BL 3175 SN is generally compatible with Desmophen 651, 670, 680, 690, RD 181, A 160, various polyacrylates and with Desmophen®T 1665. It can also be combined with various plasticisers, e.g. phosphoric acid, sulphonic acid, adipic acid and phthalic acid esters. The combinations should always be tested for their compatibility. Properties / Applications Desmodur BL 3175 SN can be used as the hardener in colorfast and weather-stable, one-component polyurethane coatings. The stoving temperature can be significantly reduced by the addition of a catalyst, e.g. dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL), without reducing the storage stability.The product is used in high-grade industrial finishes (electrical appliances, small components, can coatings, coil coatings, etc.) and in primer surfacers and topcoats for automative finishing. Desmodur BL 3175 SN can also be used as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve the flexibility and adhesion. Possible stoving cycles for Desmodur BL 3175 SN combined with Desmophen 651 are: without catalyst 160 °C 60 min or180 °C 15 min or200 °C 7 min with catalyst 130 °C 60 min or150 °C 15 min or175 °C 7 min Depending on the co-reactant used and the stoving time, yellowing may occur at temperatures above 160 °C. Used in coil coating systems, Desmodur BL 3175 SN crosslinks sufficiently without the addition of DBTL from a peak metal temperature of approx. 241 °C and above. With an addition of 1 % DBTL, calculated on solid resin, the same result is achieved from approx. 224 °C peak metal temperature. Storage - Storage in original sealed container. - Recommended storage temperature: 0 - 30 °C. - Protect from moisture, heat and foreign material. General information: Storage at higher temperatures will result in increase of color and viscosity. Storage at significant lower temperatures will result in solidification. This solidification is reversible by briefly heating the product without adversely affecting the quality of the product. Blocked aliphatic HDI-polyisocyanate. With Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive to improve flexibility and adhesion. Product Types PIC Crosslinkers Hardeners Aliphatic polyisocyanate Isocyanate Polyisocyanurate Polyisocyanate Material Coatings Elastic, Thermally resistant, Solventborne, Flexible General Characterization Blocked, aliphatic polyisocyanate based on HDI. In combination with Desmophen® grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings; as an additive in conventional stoving systems to improve flexibility and adhesion. Color value (Hazen) M017-EN 1557 ≤ 60 Non-volatile content (0.2 g / 60 min / 80 °C) M020-ISO 3251 % 75 ± 2 Free NCO content, modified M105-ISO 11909 % ≤ 0.2 Viscosity at 23 °C M014-ISO 3219/A.3 mPa*s 3,300 ± 400 Aliphatic polyisocyanate based on HDI. Used in combination with Desmophen grades to formulate lightfast, one-component polyurethane stoving coatings. Also suitable for use as a hardener to formulate lightfast one-pack stoving polyurethane coatings to improve flexibility and adhesion. Designed for high grade industrial finishes including electrical appliances, small components, can coatings and coil coatings, primer surfacers and top coats for automotive finishing. Isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates. An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. Diisocyanates are manufactured for the production of polyurethanes, a class of polymers.[1] Isocyanates should not be confused with cyanate esters and isocyanides, very different families of compounds. The cyanate (cyanate ester) functional group (R−O−C≡N) is arranged differently from the isocyanate group (R−N=C=O). Isocyanides have the connectivity R−N≡C, lacking the oxygen of the cyanate groups. Production Isocyanates are produced from amines by phosgenation, i.e. treating with phosgene: RNH2 + COCl2 → RNCO + 2 HCl These reactions proceed via the intermediacy of a carbamoyl chloride (RNHC(O)Cl). Owing to the hazardous nature of phosgene, the production of isocyanates requires special precautions Common applications MDI is commonly used in the manufacture of rigid foams and surface coating.[1] Polyurethane foam boards are used in construction for insulation. TDI is commonly used in applications where flexible foams are used, such as furniture and bedding. Both MDI and TDI are used in the making of adhesives and sealants due to weather-resistant properties. Isocyanates, both MDI and TDI are widely used in as spraying applications of insulation due to the speed and flexibility of applications. Foams can be sprayed into structures and harden in place or retain some flexibility as required by the application.[10] HDI is commonly utilized in high-performance surface-coating applications, including automotive paints.

DESMODUR L 75 Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an Aromatic polyisocyanate based on tolulene diisocyanate. Desmodur L 75 Product Datasheet Characterization Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI). It can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Form supplied: Form supplied is approximately 75% in ethyl acetate. Characteristic data Property Value/ Unit of measurement NCO content 13.3 ± 0.4 % Non-volatile content 75.0 ± 2.0 % Viscosity (23oC) 1,600 ± 400 mPa∙s Iodine color value ≤ 2 Monomer content < 0.5 % Property Value /Unit of measurement Equivalent weight approx. 315 Flash point approx. 5 °C Density at 20oC approx. 1.17 g/ml Desmodur L 75 Solubility / thinnability In general, Desmodur L 75 has good compatibility with esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and 1 methoxypropylacetate-2 and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, Solvesso™ 100 and ShellSol™ A. However, the solutions formed must be tested for their storage stability. The product is not compatible with aliphatics. Alcohols react with Desmodur L 75 and therefore cannot be used. Prolonged storage of a solution with low binder content may result in turbidity and sedimentation. Only PU grade solvents should be used (< 0.05% water). The solvent should not contain reactive groups. Compatibility In general, Desmodur L 75 is compatible with many polyesters, polyethers and polyacrylates, as well as with other Desmodur grades. Properties / Applications Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Desmodur L 75 is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll or Baycoll. These can be used to bond many materials, e.g. wood, metal and plastic. The use of this polyisocyanate increases the resistance of the bonds to heat, oil, plasticisers and many solvents. It ensures good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. The pale inherent color of Desmodur L 75 permits its use in bonding transparent plastic films for packaging. As with any product, use of Desmodur L 75 in a given application must be tested (including but not limited to field testing) in advance by the user to determine suitability. Handling information This product contains reactive TDI polyisocyanate/prepolymer and/or monomeric TDI and should only be handled using appropriate protective measures. Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate. Form supplied is approximately 75% in ethyl acetate. Can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate air-drying two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. It is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll® or Baycoll®. These can be used to bond many materials,e.g. wood, metal and plastic Desmodur L 75 Desmodur L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate resin based on toluene diisocyanate in ethyl acetate. Used in combination with hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Increases resistance of bonds to heat, oil, plasticizers and many solvents. Possesses good compatibility with esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and 1-methoxypropylacetate-2 and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, Solvesso 100 and Shellsol® A. Desmodur® L 75 provides good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. Product Type Polyurethanes (PU) > Isocyanates > TDI, Toluene Diisocyanates Chemical Composition Aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate Physical Form Liquid DESMODUR L 75 is an aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI). It can be used in combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane adhesives for wood, metal and plastic. Offers increased resistance of bonds to heat, oil, plasticizers and many solvents and good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. DESMODUR L 75 is compatible with many polyesters, polyethers and polyacrylates, as well as with other Desmodur grades. Material Notes: Aromatic polyisocyanate based on toluene diisocyanate. In combination with various Desmophen®, Baycoll®, Desmocoll® grades or other hydroxyl-bearing substances to formulate two-component polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Properties / Applications: Systems crosslinked with Desmodur L 75 can be used as coatings for furniture, parquet flooring, metal, paper, plastics and mineral substrates. Desmodur L 75 is also suitable for room-temperature crosslinking of adhesives based on Desmocoll® or Baycoll®. These can be used to bond many materials, e.g. wood, metal and plastic. The use of this polyisocyanate increases the resistance of the bonds to heat, oil, plasticisers and many solvents. It ensures good adhesion to many materials, especially plastics. The pale inherent color of Desmodur L 75 permits its use in bonding transparent plastic films for packaging.

DESMOPHEN 2061 BD Desmophen 2061 BD Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur in the formulation of solvent-free or low-solvent polyurethanes About Product Types Polyether polyol Material Adhesives Solvent-free General Characterization Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen® 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur® in the formulation of low-solvent polyurethanes. Technical Properties & Datasheets Property Name Test Method Unit Value Viscosity at 25 °C PET-10-01 mPa*s 345 ± 20 Acid number PET-01-01 mg KOH/g ≤ 0.02 Hydroxyl number PET-11-01 mg KOH/g 56.1 ± 1.4 Water content PET-19-01 % by wt. ≤ 0.05 Property Name Test Method Unit Value OH equivalent weight DIN EN ISO 2719 g approx. 1,000 Density at 25 °C DIN 51 757 g/cm3 approx. 1.0 Hydroxyl content % by wt. 1.7 ± 0.05 Desmophen 2061 BD Characterization: Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Desmophen 2061 BD is a polyether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur® in the formulation of low-solvent polyurethanes. Form supplied Pale, low-viscosity liquid Properties / Applications Desmophen® 2061 BD is suitable for combination with many Desmodur® products in the formulation of low-solvent elastic coatings and adhesives. Desmophen 2061 BD can be thinned with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Only PU grade solvents should be used (< 0.05 % by wt. water). Storage - Storage in original sealed container. - Recommended storage temperature: 20 - 40 °C. - Protect from moisture, heat and foreign material. General information: The product is sensitive to moisture and should therefore be stored in its sealed original containers Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Used in the formulation of solvent-free elastic coatings. Exhibits solubility with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Product Type Polyols > Polyether Polyols Chemical Composition Linear polypropylene ether polyol Physical Form Liquid DESMOPHEN 2061 BD is a low-viscosity, linear polypropylene ether polyol. Suitable for combination with many Desmodur® products in the formulation of solvent-free PU adhesives. It can be thinned with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics. Shelf life of DESMOPHEN® 2061 BD is 12 months. Product Type Polyols > Polyether Polyols Chemical Composition Linear polypropylene ether polyol Physical Form Liquid Linear polypropylene ether polyol. Used in the formulation of solvent-free elastic coatings. Handling solubility with solvents such as esters, ketones and aromatics Technical data Quantity Value Unit Comment Appearance Properties Physical state Fluid Physical Properties Water content 0.05 % Viscosity 325 - 365 cP 25°C Density 1.0 g/ml 25°C Chemical Properties OH equivalent weight 1000 g Hydroxyl number 54.7 - 57.5 mg KOH/g Acidity number 0.02 mg KOH/g Hydroxyl percentage 1.65 - 1.75 % DESMOPHEN 2060 BD A linear polypropylene ether polyol that is suitable for combination with Desmodur in the formulation of solvent-free or low-solvent polyurethanes. Adhesives Coatings Foams Desmophen®: Versatile polyols for wide array of PU coatings, adhesives and foams The family of Desmophen® products contains polyether polyols and polyester polyols as polyurethane building blocks for foams, coatings, adhesives and many other applications. These variable building blocks make it possible to create an endless array of polyurethanes with wide-ranging properties. Desmophen® products are a versatile family of polyether polyols, which includes diols, triols and polymer polyols with molecular weights that vary from less than 300 to as much as 6,000 g/mol. They are used as polyol components for polyurethane and polyurea formulations. When reacted with Desmodur® products from , polyurethane products for many different applications may be obtained, such as flexible polyurethane foam, rigid polyurethane foam, compact polyurethane products, coatings and adhesives. Polyurethanes based on Desmophen® polyols, particularly when reacted with Desmodur® crosslinkers, are also fast-drying, durable and elastic, with an excellent resistance to chemicals, weathering and UV radiation. Get in touch with us to develop a unique formulation for your specific needs. Key Benefits Versatile: Suitable for nearly every PU application. High quality: Consistent quality, with high purity and low volatile content. Durable: Excellent resistance to chemicals, weathering and UV radiation.

DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO: 111-40-0

SYNONYMS DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA;2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO:111-40-0

DEXTRAN SULFATE, N° CAS : 9042-14-2, Nom INCI : DEXTRAN SULFATE, Nom chimique : Sulfuric acid, dextran ester, Classification : Sulfate, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

DEXTRIN MYRISTATE N° CAS : 93792-77-9, Nom INCI : DEXTRIN MYRISTATE, Nom chimique : Tetradecanoic acid, dextrin ester Ses fonctions (INCI) Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

CAS No: 9004-53-9
EC Number:232-675-4
Chemical formula:(C6H10O5)n
E number:E1400 (additional chemicals)

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen.
Dextrins are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
Dextrin is a general term for substances that have been polymerized by glycosidic bonds of several alpha-glucose molecules.
Dextrins are a type of starch, and as the name suggests, indigestible dextrin resists digestion.

Dextrin is basically a sweet sugar extracted from potato starch.
Dextrin color range is from white to tan; Dextrin has low to high solubilities in cold water, and gives pastes that vary widely in viscosity.
Dextrin is produced from all commercial grain and tuber starches.
During its manufacture, the factors taken into consideration are type of starch and moisture content, roasting time and temperature, and the type and amount of catalyst used.

Dextrin is made from cornstarch that is roasted and then hydrolyzed by amylase (an enzyme that digests starch taken in as food).
Indigestible dextrin is a water-soluble dietary fiber extracted and prepared from the indigestible components in the resulting mush.
Dextrin was created with the aim of supplementing dietary fiber, which tends to be deficient in many diets.
The aqueous solution of dextrin, which has low viscosity and low sweetness, is a food ingredient that is nearly transparent with excellent heat and acid resistance.

Dextrins many different physiological functions make it suitable for use in a variety of foods.
Dextrins can be produced from starch using enzymes like amylases, as during digestion in the human body and during malting and mashing, or by applying dry heat under acidic conditions (pyrolysis or roasting).
Dextrin procedure was first discovered in 1811 by Edme-Jean Baptiste Bouillon-Lagrange.

The latter process is used industrially, and also occurs on the surface of bread during the baking process, contributing to flavor, color and crispness.
Dextrins produced by heat are also known as pyrodextrins.
Dextrin starch hydrolyse during roasting under acidic conditions, and short-chained starch parts partially rebranch with α-(1,6) bonds to the degraded starch molecule.
See also Maillard Reaction.

Dextrins are white, yellow, or brown powder that are partially or fully water-soluble, yielding optically active solutions of low viscosity.
Most of them can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration; one distinguishes erythrodextrin (dextrin that colours red) and achrodextrin (giving no colour).

White and yellow dextrins from starch roasted with little or no acid are called British gum.
Yellow dextrins are used as water-soluble glues in remoistenable envelope adhesives and paper tubes, in the mining industry as additives in froth flotation, in the foundry industry as green strength additives in sand casting, as printing thickener for batik resist dyeing, and as binders in gouache paint and also in the leather industry.

White dextrins are used as:
-a crispness enhancer for food processing, in food batters, coatings, and glazes, (INS number 1400)
-a textile finishing and coating agent to increase weight and stiffness of textile fabrics
-a thickening and binding agent in pharmaceuticals and paper coatings
-a pyrotechnic binder and fuel; this is added to fireworks and sparklers, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars"
-a stabilizing agent for certain explosive metal azides, particularly Lead(II) azide
-Owing to their rebranching, dextrins are less digestible.
-Indigestible dextrins have been developed as soluble stand-alone fiber supplements and for adding to processed food products.

Uses of Dextrin:
dextrin (British gum; starch gum) absorbs moisture.
Dextrin is also used as a binder to control product viscosity and reduce the density of a cosmetic.
Dextrin is produced from corn starch and modified by means of a bacterial process.
Dextrin may cause an allergic reaction.

Other types
Maltodextrin
Main article: maltodextrin
Maltodextrin is a short-chain starch sugar used as a food additive.
Dextrin is also produced by enzymatic hydrolysis from gelled starch, and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic spray-dried powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose, and might either be moderately sweet or have hardly any flavor at all.

Cyclodextrin
Main article: Cyclodextrin
Dextrin cyclical dextrins are known as cyclodextrins.
They are formed by enzymatic degradation of starch by certain bacteria, for example, Paenibacillus macerans (Bacillus macerans).
Cyclodextrins have toroidal structures formed by 6-8 glucose residues.

Amylodextrin is a linear dextrin or short chained amylose (DP 20-30) that can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds or debranching amylopectin.
Amylodextrin colors blue with iodine.
(Beta) Limit dextrin is the remaining polymer produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin with beta amylase, which cannot hydrolyse the alpha-1,6 bonds at branch points.
(Alpha) Limit dextrin is a short chained branched amylopectin remnant, produced by hydrolysis of amylopectin with alpha amylase.
Highly branched cyclic dextrin is a dextrin produced from enzymatic breaking of the amylopectin in clusters and using branching enzyme to form large cyclic chains.

CAS Number:337376-15-5
ChemSpider:none
ECHA InfoCard:100.029.693
E number:E1400 (additional chemicals)
KEGG:C00721
PubChem CID:62698
UNII:2NX48Z0A9G
CompTox Dashboard (EPA):DTXSID20891750

Properties
Chemical formula:(C6H10O5)n
Molar mass:variable
Appearance:white or yellow powder

Dextrin is a starch derivative obtained by treating starch at high temperature.
Dextrin Types: Sunar M-70, Sunar M-90, Sunar GM-90, Sunar D-1, Sunar S-2

Application Areas
Dextrin’s application areas are coal, gypsum,textile, corner board, tube winding, lamination, wood pellet, charcoal pellet, paper bag bottom gluing, side gluing of corrugated cardboard, bonding agent in the preparation of sand molding and envelop production.

Dextrin is a generic term applied to a variety of products obtained by heating a starch in the presence of small amounts of moisture and an acid.
Dextrins can be made from any starch and are generally classified as white dextrins, yellow (or canary) dextrins, and British gums.
Each is more water-soluble and produces less viscous solutions or dispersions than its parent starch.
Each is produced by combinations of slight depolymerization (hydrolysis) and transglycosylation (molecular rearrangement).

Transglycosylation produces more highly branched structures and forms glycosidic linkages not found in native starches.
Most dextrins are used as adhesives for paper products.
Only white dextrins and only small amounts of them are used in prepared foods.
White dextrins are prepared by heating a dried, acidified starch.

While dextrins are little used in foods; maltodextrins and syrup solids are used extensively.
Both are produced from starch by hydrolysis only, i.e., without molecular rearrangement, and are of lower average molecular weight than either dextrins or acid-thinned (thin-boiling) starches, the latter being slightly depolymerized starches that remain in granular form.
Dextrin primary difference between thin-boiling starches, maltodextrins, and syrups/syrup solids is the degree of depolymerization.
Dextrin primary difference between dextrins and thin-boiling starches is the method of preparation.

Dextrins (pyrodextrins) are made by heating dry starch with or without acid.
Since Dextrin is a dry process, recovery of water-soluble materials is simpler than with aqueous fluidity and oxidized starches.
Depending on reaction conditions, greater or lesser amounts of three reactions will occur:
(a) hydrolysis;
(b) transglycosidation; and
(c) repolymerization.
According to which predominates, the product is a white dextrin, a yellow dextrin or a British gum.
Like other converted materials, these products offer a way to use higher solids to increase performance.

Dextrins differ from fluidity starches in that their cold-water-solubility increases, while their gel strength and their mean molecular weight are reduced.
Dextrins are formed through acid modification of a dry powder.
Dextrins are more completely hydrolyzed products than fluidity starches.
Hydrochloric acid is favored, but sulfuric and orthophosphoric acids are also used. Dextrins are used where dispersions or sols having high solids are desired.
The choice of a dextrin is a function of application requirements (concentration of sol, color, film strength, ability to be moistened, tack, etc.).
A typical application is the pan coating of confections, where the clear dextrin film prevents separation of the sugar shell from the base center material.

Dextrins are also used to provide gloss to bakery goods as fat replacers.
Highly soluble British gums and yellow dextrins are used as carriers for active food flavorings, spices and colorants, where rapid dissolution in water is desired.
Yellow corn dextrin is also used in the encapsulation of water-insoluble flavorings and oils, replacing gum arabic.
A white dextrin is marketed as a fat replacer.

Dextrins are produced from all commercial grain and tuber starches.
The conversion process is essentially the same for all starches for manufacture of a given dextrin, but ease of conversion varies with starch type and quality.

Potato starch is generally regarded as the easiest to convert, followed closely by tapioca and sago starches.
Corn starch and other cereal starches require longer converting times and higher temperatures to reach a given level of dextrin conversion than do potato or tapioca starch.
Corn starch, however, is the major source for dextrins in the United States because of its low cost and ready availability.

Dextrins are a blend of low-molecular-weight polymers of glucose linked through α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds obtained through starch hydrolysis.
They are commonly described by their dextrose equivalent (DE) values, which are defined as reducing sugars expressed as dextrose (D-glucose) on the basis of dry weight.
Dextrins find applications in the food industry as viscosity improvers, ingredients in formulated foods, extenders of powdery foods, and glazing agents in rice cakes.

Dextrins, glucose syrups, and modified starches
Dextrins, formed on heating starch, are assayed together with the unmodified polysaccharide.
The dextrin–iodine coloration is reddish brown.
Glucose syrups (from starch) are extremely soluble in water, and the reducing power (‘dextrose equivalent’) of a sample whose moisture and ash content is known affords a measure of the length of the chain of glucose residues.
Free glucose is measured by the glucose oxidase method.
The molecular weight distribution, which is an important property affecting viscosity, is best measured by SEC, or by an HPLC procedure.
If modification of the starch by oxidation, etherification, or esterification (e.g., phosphate formation) has been carried out, methods appropriate to the specific analyses required must be adopted.

What Is Dextrin?
So first of all, we should figure out what the heck dextrin is.
Actually, dextrins are a category that includes several different carbohydrate strains that are produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Okay, what? Yep, this can be pretty confusing, so we will try to break Dextrin down for you.
Starches are complex carbohydrates that are made up of mostly sugar molecules.

Starches are mostly found in plants, specifically many of our staple foods like potatoes, corn and rice, and are created as a source of energy.
Dextrin are actually the most common form of carbohydrates found in most human diets.
Hydrolysis is a process that uses water to break down molecules into smaller molecules.
So basically, you take a long strain of sugars (a starch) and break Dextrin down by adding water, and the smaller resulting strains are known as dextrins.
Phew, that was a lot of information! Still with us?

Types of Dextrin
Dextrins can be made from almost any starch source, like corn, wheat or potatoes.
Dextrins are classified into a few different types: typically white dextrins, yellow or canary dextrins or British gums.
Dextrin are all water-soluble solutions and are typically less viscous than the starch that they came from (potato or wheat, for instance).
There are several different uses for dextrins.
One of the most popular is in the adhesive industry.
Because of their water solubility, dextrins are ideal for water-activated adhesives and glues (think postage stamps and envelopes, where you lick them to activate the adhesive properties).
Dextrins are also used to print on cotton fabrics in the textile industry! White dextrins alone are used in the food industry.
These are typically created by a combination of acid and water during hydrolysis.

How Are Dextrins Formed?
Dextrins are usually a byproduct or intermediate product of other processes, such as cooking or enzyme activation.
The most common example of this is the crispy brown part on the top of fresh-baked bread.
The exact properties of your dextrin will rely heavily on what type of starch Dextrin was formed from, so wheat dextrin, for instance, will have very different reactions and properties than corn dextrin or potato dextrin.
Wheat dextrin is a popular example and is a byproduct of the process that extracts gluten proteins from wheat.
The wheat starch gets sprayed with an acid solution and then Dextrin is suspended in water.
After a while, the wheat starch gets roasted until Dextrin is dry, and then Dextrin has officially been converted into dextrin and is packaged and ready to go!

What Is Dextrin Used For?
We mentioned earlier that white dextrins are the only ones used in the food industry, and that is true.
You may be surprised at how many foods contain dextrin when you start checking out your labels!
For something you may not have heard of, this stuff is all over the supermarket shelves!
Wheat dextrin is used to thicken many products in the food industry, such as soups or stews, or even baby foods!
Dextrin is also a popular ingredient to replace fats in low-calorie foods, so if you start reading the labels at health food stores, you will probably start seeing this word a lot!

Wheat dextrin specifically is a great source of fiber, and more specifically, soluble fiber.
There are many differences between soluble and insoluble fiber, but the basic lesson is that soluble fiber digests easily and quickly and helps attach to things like bad cholesterol on the way out, so it helps lower the bad cholesterol in your system!
In short, soluble fiber is great for you!
There are so many health benefits associated with a high fiber diet that we will explore in a minute.
Just know that dextrin is often used as a popular fiber supplement.

Another popular use for dextrin in foods is to make foods crispy or as a coating: we mentioned the crispy brown part on the top of bread earlier, and this is a perfect example.
Dextrin gives fried foods that extra-brown, crispy texture as well.
We all love a good home-cooked fried chicken--give credit to dextrin for that flaky, delicious skin!

Is Dextrin Gluten Free?
We’ve talked about wheat dextrin a good bit, so it may be on your mind to ask whether dextrin is gluten-free or not.
The truth is, a lot of dextrin in food is made from non-wheat sources, like tapioca, rice, or potatoes.
Dextrin these cases, you will be absolutely safe from any gluten particles, so if you have a gluten intolerance or sensitivity, then you have no need to worry about these types of dextrin.
Wheat dextrin, in some cases, will have the gluten processed out of it, so you should not have to worry.
Dextrin some cases, however, the gluten may still remain in the dextrin in a larger quantity than is allowed.
Dextrin these cases, the manufacturer is required to use the word “wheat” on their ingredients or includes list, though, so if you are gluten sensitive or have Celiac Disease, then you should not worry about dextrin on an ingredient list unless it contains the word wheat as well!

Health Benefits of Dextrin
There are several health benefits of dextrin, not only because it is a high source of soluble fiber.
A high fiber diet has been linked to numerous health benefits, including weight loss, better skin health, higher bone density, and lower cholesterol.
Fiber is considered a natural detoxifier, and most cancers have been linked to more toxic inner environments, so fiber has in some cases been linked to lower risk of cancers like colon and liver cancer.
Fiber keeps your bowel movements regular, as well as speeding up digestion and easing the flow of everything you eat through your system - from start to...well, finish.
Fiber also allows your body to absorb nutrients more smoothly and helps flush out bad things without allowing them to sit in your body for too long.

Dextrin is prepared by roasting starch in the presence of acid, which chemically changes the character and properties of starch.
Dextrin is an intermediate between starch and sugars derived from starch.
Dextrin goes into solution instantly and with a lesser quantity of water.
The severity of the heat and acid treatment determines the degree of solubility which is the basis for classifying or grading Dextrin.
Offers high strength films, wide range of water solubilities and greater adhesive strength as well as fluidity.
This starch converted product uses large amounts of yellow dextrin in the preparation of liquid as well as dry adhesives and finds application in the manufacture of spiral, convolute tubes as well as carbon paper, abrasives, dry distemper and in machine labelling of tins, cartons, packages, envelopes, corrugated boxes etc.
Dextrin is also used by crackers manufacturer due to Dextrins adhesive properties as well as explosive character, as a core binder in refractories, foundry operations and in paper tubes, paper cones, book-binding, carton sealing, cigarette pasting, match-head, match box making.
A carbohydrate that has a chemical formula of C18H32O16, used chiefly as a thickening agent in food or as adhesive

Supplement
Carbohydrates are one of the major classes of biomolecules.
The simplest form of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide.
The monosaccharides may combine by glycosidic bonds and form larger carbohydrates, such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Dextrin is an example of a carbohydrate.
Dextrins are carbohydrates produced from hydrolyzing starch or glycogen.

Dextrin is comprised of D-glucose units that are linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
Dextrins are naturally-occurring.
In humans, dextrin is produced during the digestion of starch.
In particular, the human saliva contains the enzyme α-amylase that hydrolyzes the α-1,4 glycosidic bonds that link carbohydrate constituents of the starch.
This results in the production of dextrin (as well as maltotriose and maltose).
Dextrins are produced synthetically as well for their industrial uses.
Starch (or British) gum is a translucent, gummy, amorphous substance that is used as a substitute for gum.

Dextrin is produced synthetically through heat, acids, or diastase.
Dextrin is of somewhat variable composition, containing several carbohydrates which change easily to their respective varieties of sugar.
Dextrin is so named from its rotating the plane of polarization to the right.
Linear dextrins are carbohydrates with six or more glucose molecules that are linked with α(1→4) glycosidic linkage.
Limit dextrins are those comprised of glucose molecules linked with α(1→6) glycosidic linkage.

What is dextrin?
Dextrin is not easy to explain what dextrin really is, as Dextrin is a catch-all for shorter chains of glucose.

The origin of all forms of dextrin is starch from wheat, potatoes, corn, rice, cassava and other starchy crops.
When the starch is broken up, for example during baking, Dextrin breaks down into single glucose molecules, chains with two glucose moieties (maltose) and shorter chains with three or more glucose moieties (maltodextrin).
Dextrin some processes, these are re-combined with various glycoside bonds into tree-like structures.
These re-combined carbohydrates are called dextrin.

Owing to the branching, dextrins are less digestible.
By controlling the glycoside bonds between the branches, Dextrin is possible to produce dextrin that doesn’t break up at all in our digestion system.
They are called resistant dextrin and are dietary fibres.

Yummy for the gut
Dextrin has several health benefits.

Dextrins find widespread use in industry, due to their non-toxicity and their low price.
They are used as water soluble glues, as thickening agents in food processing, and as binding agent in pharmaceuticals.
In pyrotechnics they are added to fire formulas, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars."
Cyclodextrins find additional use in analytical chemistry as a matrix for the separation of hydrophobic substances, and as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations.
Not all forms of dextrin are digestible, and indigestible dextrin is sometimes used in fiber supplements.

For example, maltodextrin is a moderately sweet polysaccharide used as a food additive.
Dextrin is produced from starch and is usually found as a creamy white hygroscopic powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose.
The CAS registry number of maltodextrin is 9050-36-6.

Maltodextrin can be derived from any starch.
Dextrinthe US this starch is usually corn or potato, elsewhere such as in Europe it is commonly wheat.
Dextrin is important for coeliacs since the wheat-derived maltodextrin can contain traces of gluten.

Foods containing maltodextrin may contain traces of amino acids, including glutamic acid as a manufacturing by-product.
The amino acids traces would be too small to have any dietary significance.

Dextrins are starches that are parched with acid hydrolyzation.
Dextrin production and marketing is shaped relatively its color and parching duration.
Dextrin is widely used in chemistry, textile and paper industries.

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of the D-glucose polymers starch or glycogen.
The term is usally used to describe a mixture of polymers of various sizes, where the glucose units are linked by either α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.
When the polymers were hydrolyzed sufficiently to produce chain lengths that are under 20 monomers, the mixture is referred to as a maltodextrin.

As all nutrition fibres, Dextrin is neither digested nor absorbed in the human small intestine.
Thus, Dextrin doesn’t affect the blood sugar level.
Dextrin passes the digestive system unaffected to the large intestine, where Dextrin is prebiotic for the gut bacterias.
The bacteria in the colon ferment the fibres and produce short-chain fatty acids.
That gives a sustained energy release.
The amount of energy is only 1,7 kcal per gram.
Compared to 4 kcal per gram of sugar, that is almost 60% fewer calories.

Dextrins are polysaccharides formed by heating dry or acid-modified starches in a process called pyrolysis.
They can be used at higher solids levels than native or modified starches, creating stronger bonds, more tack and faster-drying properties than pastes made from unmodified starch.
Dextrin pastes provide excellent machinability and also can be used in adhesives and coatings that come into contact with food products, child-safe school pastes, remoistenable wallpaper, bag/envelope seams and paper and textile sizing.
Dextrin can also be used for encapsulation or granulation of active ingredients such as pharmaceuticals that are produced by fermentation.

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrins are mixtures of linear α-(1,4)-linked D-glucose polymers starting with an α-(1,6) bond.
Because branched amylopectin and glycogen also contain α-(1,6) bonds, which α-amylase cannot hydrolyze in humans, the digest resulting from this action contains a mixture of dextrins.
They have the same general formula as carbohydrates but are of shorter chain length.
Industrial production is, in general, performed by acidic hydrolysis of potato starch.
Dextrins are water-soluble, white to slightly yellow solids that are optically active.
Under analysis, dextrins can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration.

For example, maltodextrin either can be moderately sweet or have hardly any flavor at all.
Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive.
Dextrin is produced from starch and is usually found as a creamy-white hygroscopic powder.
Maltodextrin is easily digestible, being absorbed as rapidly as glucose.
The CAS registry number of maltodextrin is 9050-36-6.

Maltodextrin can be derived from any starch.
In the US, this starch is usually rice, corn or potato; elsewhere, such as in Europe, Dextrin is commonly wheat.
Dextrin is important for coeliacs, since the wheat-derived maltodextrin can contain traces of gluten.
There have been recent reports of coeliac reaction to maltodextrin in the United States.
Dextrin might be a consequence of the shift of corn to ethanol production and Dextrins replacement with wheat in the formulation.

Dextrins are starches taht are parched with acid hydrolyzation.
Dextrin production and marketing is shaped relatively Dextrins color and parching duration.
Dextrin is widely used in chemistry, textile and paper industries.

Dextrin is sold in 25 kg craft pockets.
Hydrolyzed dextrins naturally exists in leaves of vegetables.
Dextrin exists in onion roots, onion skins and leaves of rice seeds.
Dextrin is used in chemistry, textile and paper industries as a glue.

A dextrin is a de-polymerised starch. By cutting the chain structure of the starch, its functionality changes.
To make a dextrin, basically any starch source is suitable, such as corn, wheat, tapioca, potato, pea, etc.
Unlike starch, dextrins can be white, yellow, or brown.
They are all partially or fully water-soluble.
Furthermore, they are typically less viscous than the starch that they came from.
They undergo modification by either chemicals, or temperature, or both.

Dextrins have a range of different uses.
Unquestionably, the paper industry is one of the most important users of dextrins for adhesives and coatings.
Dextrin chemical and mineral industry use predominantly the yellow (canary dextrins) and brown dextrins.

Pyrdodextrins
There are three groups of pyrodextrins: white dextrins, yellow (or canary) dextrins and British gums.

Starch dextrins are produced by heating dry starch. They are also often called pyrodextrins.
Pyroconversion is based on heat treatment of a dry starch with or without adding acid.

White dextrins, these are made in the presence of an acid at relatively low temperatures, and short process time;
Yellow dextrins, these are made in the presence of an acid at higher temperature, and for longer times.
Yellow corn dextrin is for instance used in the encapsulation of water-insoluble flavourings and oils;
British gums are made at higher temperatures and longer residence times.

Dextrin can be achieved without chemical modification or with the aid of an alkali.
British gums are highly soluble and used as carriers for active food ingredients such as flavourings, spices, and colourants.
When exposed to higher temperatures, the starch starts to become darker.
Dextrin is the reason why white dextrin is lighter: its heat treatment has been mild.

White dextrin
Examples of white dextrin applications in the food sector are:
-a crispness enhancer, in food batters, and as a coating
-a thickening agent for stews and soups
-a fat replacer in low-calorie food
-a soluble dietary fibre supplement
-a prebiotic
-a binding agent in pharmaceuticals
-a cold water soluble filler in herbal formulations

Dextrin, class of substances prepared by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch or by the heating of dry starch.
Dextrins are used chiefly as adhesives and as sizing agents for textiles and paper.

a soluble, gummy substance, formed from starch by the action of heat, acids, or ferments, occurring in various forms and having dextrorotatory properties: used chiefly as a thickening agent in printing inks and food, as a mucilage, and as a substitute for gum arabic and other natural substances.
Any of various soluble polysaccharides obtained from starch by the application of heat or acids and used mainly as adhesives and thickening agents.
any of a group of sticky substances that are intermediate products in the conversion of starch to maltose: used as thickening agents in foods and as gums

What Is Dextrin?
Dextrin is a carbohydrate with the same general formula as starch.
Dextrins are polysaccharides and are produced by the hydrolysis of starch by heat and by acid.
Their nature and chemical behavior depend upon the kind of starch from which they are produced.

For commercial use dextrin is prepared by heating and drying starch and then treating this starch with HCl (hydrochloric acid) to produce a colorless to yellowish, tasteless and odorless powder which when mixed with water, forms a strong adhesive paste.
Present technology requires a costly and time-consuming process of at least four steps; drying, heating, reacting and cooling.
These multi-step processes are very labor intensive and usually producing a dextrin with significant variances from batch to batch.
The poor heat transfer capabilities and inconsistent HCl (hydrochloric acid) distribution in the mix creates Dextrin of varying colors and can lead to the formation of “black specks”.

Introduction
White dextrins are prepared by heating dry starch in the presence of an acid at a temperature generally below 150°C.
White dextrins may also be obtained by further continuing the acid process for making thin boiling starches.
Because of the nature of the application as well as their flavour, their use in food is restricted.
Dextrins are a stage in the normal digestion of starch occurring in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Dextrin represent a broad range of products with considerably smaller molecular size than native starch.
Yellow dextrins are prepared in a similar manner but at a higher temperature and using less acid.
Apart from depolymerization, a good deal of internal rearrangement occurs with formation of highly branched molecules.
These materials are used in foods in limited quantities as a

DEXTRIN PALMITATE N° CAS : 83271-10-7 Nom INCI : DEXTRIN PALMITATE Nom chimique : Dextrin, Hexadecanoate Ses fonctions (INCI) Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

Dextrin; Pinedex; caloreen; dextrins; Starch gum; Dextrin, AR;Corndextrin; WHITEDEXTRIN; Dextrin,tech.; DextrineWhite; Dextrin, AR;yellow dextrin / α-D-Glucopyranose;dextrin from corn;dextrin from potato starch;DEXTRIN,WHITEPOWDER;DEXTRIN,YELLOWPOWDER;caloreen;TAPIOCADEXTRINS CAS NO:9004-53-9

dextrine; DEXTRIN; a-Glucose; N° CAS : 9004-53-9, Nom INCI : DEXTRIN, Nom chimique : Dextrin,N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-675-4, Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiquesLes dextrines sont des glucides amorphes de formule brute approximative (C6H10O5)n. Elles sont obtenues par chauffage de l'amidon vers 160°C ou par son hydrolyse acide vers 100°C. Des dextrines se forment dans la croûte du pain lors de la cuisson, ce qui lui confère sa couleur et son parfum. On les trouve sous forme de poudre blanche, jaune ou brune. Elles sont plus ou moins solubles dans l'eau et donnent les solutions incolores et dextrogyres.Les dextrines sont des mélanges de gluco-oligosides ou oligosides de glucose en chaînes linéaires dont les unités de glucose sont liées par des liaisons osidiques du type α-(1,4). Ces chaînes sont reliées entre elles par des liaisons osidiques α-(1,6). Les amylopectines ramifiées et le glycogène contiennent eux-mêmes des liaisons osidiques α-(1,6) que les α-amylases ne peuvent pas hydrolyser : par conséquent leur digestion produit un mélange de dextrines.Les dextrines jaunes sont utilisées dans des colles à l'eau (enveloppes), dans des additifs pour le moulage en sable, des liants pour la gouache et dans l'impression des tissus.Les dextrines blanches sont utilisées dans les excipients des médicaments, les papiers couchés, les liants dans les feux d'artifice. Étant peu digestibles elles constituent des fibres alimentaires solubles. Noms français : Dextrine Noms anglais : BRITISH GUM CORN DEXTRIN CORN DEXTRINE DEXTRANS Dextrin DEXTRINS GOMMELIN STARCH GUM STARCH, DEXTRINIZED STARCH, THIN-BOILING Utilisation: Fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques, agent épaississant. α-D-Glucopyranose 207-757-8 [EINECS] 232-675-4 [EINECS] a-Dextrose a-D-glucopyranose a-D-Glucose a-Glucose D-(+) Glucose D-(+)-Glucose Dextrose [USP] D-Glucopyranose [ACD/Index Name] D-Glucose [ACD/Index Name] Glucopyranose Glucose [JP15] α-dextrose α-D-Glucopyranose [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucopyranose [German] [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucopyranose [French] [ACD/Index Name] α-D-Glucose α-D-Glucose α-glucose &α;-D-glucopyranose &α;-D-glucose &α;-glucose (1,6-α-D-glucosyl)n (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-methyloltetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-methyloltetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol 1,3-α-D-Glucan 1,4-α-D-Glucan 1,6-α-D-Glucan Amylose Amylose chain BGC BOG Cartose Cerelose Corn sugar D-(+)-Glucose, anhydrous Dextrin [Wiki] Dextropur DextroseAnhydrate Dextrosol D-gluco-hexose D-Glucose-12C6, 16O6 D-gluose GLB glc Glucopyranose, α-D- Glucose Syrup Grape sugar ICODEXTRIN MAN suc α-​D-​Glucopyranose α-D(+)-Glucose α-D-Glc α-d-glucose α-glucose β-D-glucose

Dextrose Dextrose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Dextrose is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. Dextrose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight, where it is used to make cellulose in cell walls, which is the most abundant carbohydrate. In energy metabolism, Dextrose is the most important source of energy in all organisms. Dextrose for metabolism is stored as a polymer, in plants mainly as starch and amylopectin, and in animals as glycogen. Dextrose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. The naturally occurring form of Dextrose is d-Dextrose, while l-Dextrose is produced synthetically in comparatively small amounts and is of lesser importance. Dextrose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose. The Dextrose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) as well as ring (cyclic) form. Dextrose is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. In animals, Dextrose is released from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis. The name Dextrose derives through the French from the Greek γλυκός ('glukos'), which means "sweet", in reference to must, the sweet, first press of grapes in the making of wine. The suffix "-ose" is a chemical classifier, denoting a sugar. What is dextrose? Dextrose is the name of a simple sugar that is made from corn and is chemically identical to glucose, or blood sugar. Dextrose is often used in baking products as a sweetener, and can be commonly found in items such as processed foods and corn syrup. Dextrose also has medical purposes. It is dissolved in solutions that are given intravenously, which can be combined with other drugs, or used to increase a person’s blood sugar. Because dextrose is a “simple” sugar, the body can quickly use it for energy. Simple sugars can raise blood sugar levels very quickly, and they often lack nutritional value. Examples of other simple sugars include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Products that are typically made of simple sugars include refined sugar, white pasta, and honey. What are common dextrose preparations? Dextrose is used to make several intravenous (IV) preparations or mixtures, which are available only at a hospital or medical facility. Dextrose is also available as an oral gel or in oral tablet form over the counter from pharmacies. Each dextrose concentration has its own unique uses. Higher concentrations are typically used as “rescue” doses when someone has a very low blood sugar reading. How is dextrose used? Dextrose is used in various concentrations for different purposes. For example, a doctor may prescribe dextrose in an IV solution when someone is dehydrated and has low blood sugar. Dextrose IV solutions can also be combined with many drugs, for IV administration. Dextrose is a carbohydrate, which is one part of nutrition in a normal diet. Solutions containing dextrose provide calories and may be given intravenously in combination with amino acids and fats. This is called total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and is used to provide nutrition to those who cannot absorb or get carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats through their gut. High-concentration dextrose injections are only given by professionals. These injections are administered to people whose blood sugar may be very low and who cannot swallow dextrose tablets, foods, or drinks. If a person’s potassium levels are too high (hyperkalemia), sometimes doctors also give dextrose injections of 50 percent, followed by insulin intravenously. This may be done in the hospital setting. When the cells take in the extra glucose, they also take in potassium. This helps to lower a person’s blood potassium levels. The dextrose is given to prevent the person from being hypoglycemic. The insulin is treating the elevated potassium. People with diabetes or hypoglycemia (chronically low blood sugar) may carry dextrose gel or tablets in case their blood sugar gets too low. The gel or tablets dissolve in a person’s mouth and quickly boost blood sugar levels. If a person’s blood sugar is less than 70 mg/dL and they are having low blood sugar symptoms, they may need to take the dextrose tablets. Examples of low blood sugar symptoms include weakness, confusion, sweating, and too-fast heart rate. What precautions should I take when using dextrose? A medical provider should not give dextrose to people with certain kinds of medical conditions. This is because the dextrose could potentially cause too-high blood sugar or fluid shifts in the body that lead to swelling or fluid buildup in the lungs. Avoid dextrose if you have hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar if you have hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood if you have peripheral edema, or swelling in the arms, feet, or legs if you have pulmonary edema, when fluids build up in the lungs If you are diabetic and your doctor prescribes dextrose oral gel or tablets for you, these should only be used when you have a low blood sugar reaction. Your doctor or diabetes educator should teach you how to spot the signs of low blood sugar and when to use the tablets. If you need to have the gel or tablets on hand, you should keep them with you at all times and you should keep some at home. Your doctor should also explain to other family members when to use the gel or tablets, in case others need to give them to you. If you have an allergy to corn, you could have an allergic reaction to dextrose. Talk to your doctor before using it. Monitoring your blood sugar while on dextrose Even if you don’t have certain conditions, it is important to continually check your blood sugar if they are receiving dextrose. This can ensure that the dextrose does not dangerously increase blood sugar. You can check your blood sugar with home tests. They involve testing blood from a finger prick on a blood strip. For those who are physically unable to test their blood at home, urine glucose tests are available, though they’re not as reliable. If you do find that you or someone else is having a negative reaction due to low blood sugar, the dextrose tablets should be taken immediately. According to the Joslin Diabetes Center, four glucose tablets are equal to 15 grams of carbs and can be taken in the case of low blood sugar levels (unless otherwise advised by your doctor). Chew the tablets thoroughly before swallowing. No water is needed. Your symptoms should improve within 20 minutes. If they don’t, consult your doctor. The dextrose gel often comes in single-serving tubes, which are poured directly into the mouth and swallowed. If you haven’t felt any positive changes after 10 minutes, repeat with another tube. If your blood sugar is still too low after an additional 10 minutes, contact your doctor. Dextrose in children Dextrose can be used in children similarly to how it is used in adults, as a medical intervention for hypoglycemia. In cases of severe pediatric hypoglycemia, children will often be given dextrose intravenously. Prompt and early treatment in children and infants with hypoglycemia is essential, as untreated hypoglycemia can result in neurological damage. If they’re able to take it, dextrose may be given to children orally. In the case of neonatal hypoglycemia, which can be caused by several disorders such as metabolism defects or hyperinsulinism, infants can have small amounts of dextrose gel added to their diet to help them maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Consult your doctor for how much dextrose to add to their diet. Infants that were born prematurely are at risk for hypoglycemia, and may be given dextrose via an IV. Dextrose powder and bodybuilding Dextrose is naturally calorie-dense and easy for the body to break down for energy. Because of this, dextrose powder is available and sometimes used as a nutritional supplement by bodybuilders who are looking to increase weight and muscle. While the boost in calories and easy to break down nature of dextrose can benefit bodybuilders or those looking to increase muscle mass, it’s important to note that dextrose lacks other essential nutrients that are needed to accomplish this goal. Those nutrients include protein and fat. Dextrose powder’s simple sugars also make it easier to break down, while complex sugars and carbohydrates may benefit bodybuilders more, as they are more successful at helping fat to burn. What are the side effects of dextrose? Dextrose should be carefully given to people who have diabetes, because they might not be able to process dextrose as quickly as would someone without the condition. Dextrose can increase the blood sugar too much, which is known as hyperglycemia. Symptoms include: fruity odor on the breath increasing thirst with no known causes dry skin dehydration nausea shortness of breath stomach upset unexplained fatigue urinating frequently vomiting confusion Effect on blood sugar If you need to use dextrose, your blood sugar could increase too much afterward. You should test your blood sugar after using dextrose tablets, as directed by your doctor or diabetes educator. You may need to adjust your insulin to lower your blood sugar. If you are given IV fluids with dextrose in the hospital, your nurse will check your blood sugar. If the blood sugar tests too high, the dose of your IV fluids may be adjusted or even stopped, until your blood sugar reaches a safer level. You could also be given insulin, to help reduce your blood sugar. Dextrose’s simple sugar composition makes it useful as a treatment for hypoglycemia and low blood sugar for patients of all ages, with some treatment options being convenient and portable. It is safe to use long-term on an as-needed basis. Dextrose does not come without risks, however, and even those without diabetes should carefully monitor their blood sugar when taking it. Always consult a doctor before stopping treatment for diabetes, or if you test your blood sugar and it is high. If you have glucose gel or tablets in your home, keep them away from children. Large amounts taken by small children could be especially dangerous. History of dextrose Dextrose was first isolated from raisins in 1747 by the German chemist Andreas Marggraf. Dextrose was discovered in grapes by Johann Tobias Lowitz in 1792, and distinguished as being different from cane sugar (sucrose). Dextrose is the term coined by Jean Baptiste Dumas in 1838, which has prevailed in the chemical literature. Friedrich August Kekulé proposed the term dextrose (from Latin dexter = right), because in aqueous solution of Dextrose, the plane of linearly polarized light is turned to the right. In contrast, d-fructose (a ketohexose) and l-Dextrose turn linearly polarized light to the left. The earlier notation according to the rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light (d and l-nomenclature) was later abandoned in favor of the d- and l-notation, which refers to the absolute configuration of the asymmetric center farthest from the carbonyl group, and in concordance with the configuration of d- or l-glyceraldehyde. Since Dextrose is a basic necessity of many organisms, a correct understanding of its chemical makeup and structure contributed greatly to a general advancement in organic chemistry. This understanding occurred largely as a result of the investigations of Emil Fischer, a German chemist who received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his findings. The synthesis of Dextrose established the structure of organic material and consequently formed the first definitive validation of Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff's theories of chemical kinetics and the arrangements of chemical bonds in carbon-bearing molecules. Between 1891 and 1894, Fischer established the stereochemical configuration of all the known sugars and correctly predicted the possible isomers, applying Van 't Hoff's theory of asymmetrical carbon atoms. The names initially referred to the natural substances. Their enantiomers were given the same name with the introduction of systematic nomenclatures, taking into account absolute stereochemistry (e.g. Fischer nomenclature, d/l nomenclature). For the discovery of the metabolism of Dextrose Otto Meyerhof received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1922. Hans von Euler-Chelpin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Arthur Harden in 1929 for their "research on the fermentation of sugar and their share of enzymes in this process". In 1947, Bernardo Houssay (for his discovery of the role of the pituitary gland in the metabolism of Dextrose and the derived carbohydrates) as well as Carl and Gerty Cori (for their discovery of the conversion of glycogen from Dextrose) received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In 1970, Luis Leloir was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of Dextrose-derived sugar nucleotides in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates. Chemical properties With six carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a subcategory of the monosaccharides. d-Dextrose is one of the sixteen aldohexose stereoisomers. The d-isomer, d-Dextrose, also known as dextrose, occurs widely in nature, but the l-isomer, l-Dextrose, does not. Dextrose can be obtained by hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as milk sugar (lactose), cane sugar (sucrose), maltose, cellulose, glycogen, etc. Dextrose is commonly commercially manufactured from cornstarch in the US and Japan, from potato and wheat starch in Europe, and from tapioca starch in tropical areas. The manufacturing process uses hydrolysis via pressurized steaming at controlled pH in a jet followed by further enzymatic depolymerization. Unbonded Dextrose is one of the main ingredients of honey. All forms of Dextrose are colorless and easily soluble in water, acetic acid, and several other solvents. They are only sparingly soluble in methanol and ethanol. Structure and nomenclature Dextrose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 or H−(C=O)−(CHOH)5−H, whose five hydroxyl (OH) groups are arranged in a specific way along its six-carbon back. Dextrose is usually present in solid form as a monohydrate with a closed pyran ring (dextrose hydrate). In aqueous solution, on the other hand, it is an open-chain to a small extent and is present predominantly as α- or β-pyranose, which partially mutually merge by mutarotation. From aqueous solutions, the three known forms can be crystallized: α-glucopyranose, β-glucopyranose and β-glucopyranose hydrate. Dextrose is a building block of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose (cane or beet sugar), of oligosaccharides such as raffinose and of polysaccharides such as starch and amylopectin, glycogen or cellulose. The glass transition temperature of Dextrose is 31 °C and the Gordon–Taylor constant (an experimentally determined constant for the prediction of the glass transition temperature for different mass fractions of a mixture of two substances) is 4.5. Open-chain form Dextrose can exist in both a straight-chain and ring form. In its fleeting open-chain form, the Dextrose molecule has an open (as opposed to cyclic) and unbranched backbone of six carbon atoms, C-1 through C-6; where C-1 is part of an aldehyde group H(C=O)−, and each of the other five carbons bears one hydroxyl group −OH. The remaining bonds of the backbone carbons are satisfied by hydrogen atoms −H. Therefore, Dextrose is both a hexose and an aldose, or an aldohexose. The aldehyde group makes Dextrose a reducing sugar giving a positive reaction with the Fehling test. Each of the four carbons C-2 through C-5 is a stereocenter, meaning that its four bonds connect to four different substituents. (Carbon C-2, for example, connects to −(C=O)H, −OH, −H, and −(CHOH)4H.) In d-Dextrose, these four parts must be in a specific three-dimensional arrangement. Namely, when the molecule is drawn in the Fischer projection, the hydroxyls on C-2, C-4, and C-5 must be on the right side, while that on C-3 must be on the left side. The positions of those four hydroxyls are exactly reversed in the Fischer diagram of l-Dextrose. d- and l-Dextrose are two of the 16 possible aldohexoses; the other 14 are allose, altrose, galactose, gulose, idose, mannose, and talose, each with two enantiomers, “d-” and “l-”. It is important to note that the linear form of Dextrose makes up less than 0.02% of the Dextrose molecules in a water solution. The rest is one of two cyclic forms of Dextrose that are formed when the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 (C5) bonds to the aldehyde carbon 1 (C1). Cyclic forms In solutions, the open-chain form of Dextrose (either "D-" or "L-") exists in equilibrium with several cyclic isomers, each containing a ring of carbons closed by one oxygen atom. In aqueous solution, however, more than 99% of Dextrose molecules, at any given time, exist as pyranose forms. The open-chain form is limited to about 0.25%, and furanose forms exist in negligible amounts. The terms "Dextrose" and "D-Dextrose" are generally used for these cyclic forms as well. The ring arises from the open-chain form by an intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction between the aldehyde group (at C-1) and either the C-4 or C-5 hydroxyl group, forming a hemiacetal linkage, −C(OH)H−O−. Optical activity Whether in water or the solid form, d-(+)-Dextrose is dextrorotatory, meaning it will rotate the direction of polarized light clockwise as seen looking toward the light source. The effect is due to the chirality of the molecules, and indeed the mirror-image isomer, l-(−)-Dextrose, is levorotatory (rotates polarized light counterclockwise) by the same amount. The strength of the effect is different for each of the five tautomers. Note that the d- prefix does not refer directly to the optical properties of the compound. It indicates that the C-5 chiral centre has the same handedness as that of d-glyceraldehyde (which was so labelled because it is dextrorotatory). The fact that d-Dextrose is dextrorotatory is a combined effect of its four chiral centres, not just of C-5; and indeed some of the other d-aldohexoses are levorotatory. The conversion between the two anomers can be observed in a polarimeter since pure α-dDextrose has a specific rotation angle of +112.2°·ml/(dm·g), pure β- D- Dextrose of +17.5°·ml/(dm·g). When equilibrium has been reached after a certain time due to mutarotation, the angle of rotation is +52.7°·ml/(dm·g). By adding acid or base, this transformation is much accelerated. The equilibration takes place via the open-chain aldehyde form. Biochemical properties Dextrose is the most abundant monosaccharide. Dextrose is also the most widely used aldohexose in most living organisms. One possible explanation for this is that Dextrose has a lower tendency than other aldohexoses to react nonspecifically with the amine groups of proteins. This reaction—glycation—impairs or destroys the function of many proteins, e.g. in glycated hemoglobin. Dextrose's low rate of glycation can be attributed to its having a more stable cyclic form compared to other aldohexoses, which means it spends less time than they do in its reactive open-chain form. The reason for Dextrose having the most stable cyclic form of all the aldohexoses is that its hydroxy groups (with the exception of the hydroxy group on the anomeric carbon of d-Dextrose) are in the equatorial position. Presumably, Dextrose is the most abundant natural monosaccharide because it is less glycated with proteins than other monosaccharides. Another hypothesis is that Dextrose, being the only D-aldohexose that has all five hydroxy substituents in the equatorial position in the form of β-D-Dextrose, is more readily accessible to chemical reactions, for example, for esterification or acetal formation. For this reason, D-Dextrose is also a highly preferred building block in natural polysaccharides (glycans). Polysaccharides that are composed solely of Dextrose are termed glucans. Dextrose is produced by plants through the photosynthesis using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide and can be used by all living organisms as an energy and carbon source. However, most Dextrose does not occur in its free form, but in the form of its polymers, i.e. lactose, sucrose, starch and others which are energy reserve substances, and cellulose and chitin, which are components of the cell wall in plants or fungi and arthropods, respectively. These polymers are degraded to Dextrose during food intake by animals, fungi and bacteria using enzymes. All animals are also able to produce Dextrose themselves from certain precursors as the need arises. Nerve cells, cells of the renal medulla and erythrocytes depend on Dextrose for their energy production. In adult humans, there are about 18 g of Dextrose, of which about 4 g are present in the blood. Approximately 180 to 220 g of Dextrose are produced in the liver of an adult in 24 hours. Many of the long-term complications of diabetes (e.g., blindness, kidney failure, and peripheral neuropathy) are probably due to the glycation of proteins or lipids. In contrast, enzyme-regulated addition of sugars to protein is called glycosylation and is essential for the function of many proteins. Uptake Ingested Dextrose initially binds to the receptor for sweet taste on the tongue in humans. This complex of the proteins T1R2 and T1R3 makes it possible to identify Dextrose-containing food sources. Dextrose mainly comes from food - about 300 g per day are produced by conversion of food, but it is also synthesized from other metabolites in the body's cells. In humans, the breakdown of Dextrose-containing polysaccharides happens in part already during chewing by means of amylase, which is contained in saliva, as well as by maltase, lactase and sucrase on the brush border of the small intestine. Dextrose is a building block of many carbohydrates and can be split off from them using certain enzymes. Glucosidases, a subgroup of the glycosidases, first catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain Dextrose-containing polysaccharides, removing terminal Dextrose. In turn, disaccharides are mostly degraded by specific glycosidases to Dextrose. The names of the degrading enzymes are often derived from the particular poly- and disaccharide; inter alia, for the degradation of polysaccharide chains there are amylases (named after amylose, a component of starch), cellulases (named after cellulose), chitinases (named after chitin) and more. Furthermore, for the cleavage of disaccharides, there are maltase, lactase, sucrase, trehalase and others. In humans, about 70 genes are known that code for glycosidases. They have functions in the digestion and degradation of glycogen, sphingolipids, mucopolysaccharides and poly(ADP-ribose). Humans do not produce cellulases, chitinases and trehalases, but the bacteria in the gut flora do. In order to get into or out of cell membranes of cells and membranes of cell compartments, Dextrose requires special transport proteins from the major facilitator superfamily. In the small intestine (more precisely, in the jejunum), Dextrose is taken up into the intestinal epithelial cells with the help of Dextrose transporters via a secondary active transport mechanism called sodium ion-Dextrose symport via the sodium/Dextrose cotransporter 1. The further transfer occurs on the basolateral side of the intestinal epithelial cells via the Dextrose transporter GLUT2, as well as their uptake into liver cells, kidney cells, cells of the islets of Langerhans, nerve cells, astrocytes and tanyocytes. Dextrose enters the liver via the vena portae and is stored there as a cellular glycogen. In the liver cell, it is phosphorylated by glucokinase at position 6 to Dextrose-6-phosphate, which can not leave the cell. With the help of Dextrose-6-phosphatase, Dextrose-6-phosphate is converted back into Dextrose exclusively in the liver, if necessary, so that it is available for maintaining a sufficient blood Dextrose concentration. In other cells, uptake happens by passive transport through one of the 14 GLUT proteins. In the other cell types, phosphorylation occurs through a hexokinase, whereupon Dextrose can no longer diffuse out of the cell. The Dextrose transporter GLUT1 is produced by most cell types and is of particular importance for nerve cells and pancreatic β-cells. GLUT3 is highly expressed in nerve cells. Dextrose from the bloodstream is taken up by GLUT4 from muscle cells (of the skeletal muscle and heart muscle) and fat cells. GLUT14 is formed exclusively in testes. Excess Dextrose is broken down and converted into fatty acids, which are stored as triacylglycerides. In the kidneys, Dextrose in the urine is absorbed via SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the apical cell membranes and transmitted via GLUT2 in the basolateral cell membranes. About 90% of kidney Dextrose reabsorption is via SGLT2 and about 3% via SGLT1. Biosynthesis In plants and some prokaryotes, Dextrose is a product of photosynthesis Dextrose is also formed by the breakdown of polymeric forms of Dextrose like glycogen (in animals and mushrooms) or starch (in plants). The cleavage of glycogen is termed glycogenolysis, the cleavage of starch is called starch degradation. The metabolic pathway that begins with molecules containing two to four carbon atoms (C) and ends in the Dextrose molecule containing six carbon atoms is called gluconeogenesis and occurs in all living organisms. The smaller starting materials are the result of other metabolic pathways. Ultimately almost all biomolecules come from the assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants during photosynthesis. The free energy of formation of α-d-Dextrose is 917.2 kilojoules per mole. In humans, gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidney, but also in other cell types. In the liver about 150 g of glycogen are stored, in skeletal muscle about 250 g. However, the Dextrose released in muscle cells upon cleavage of the glycogen can not be delivered to the circulation because Dextrose is phosphorylated by the hexokinase, and a Dextrose-6-phosphatase is not expressed to remove the phosphate group. Unlike for Dextrose, there is no transport protein for Dextrose-6-phosphate. Gluconeogenesis allows the organism to build up Dextrose from other metabolites, including lactate or certain amino acids, while consuming energy. The renal tubular cells can also produce Dextrose. Dextrose degradation In humans, Dextrose is metabolised by glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Glycolysis is used by all living organisms, with small variations, and all organisms generate energy from the breakdown of monosaccharides. In the further course of the metabolism, it can be completely degraded via oxidative decarboxylation, the Krebs cycle (synonym citric acid cycle) and the respiratory chain to water and carbon dioxide. If there is not enough oxygen available for this, the Dextrose degradation in animals occurs anaerobic to lactate via lactic acid fermentation and releases less energy. Muscular lactate enters the liver through the bloodstream in mammals, where gluconeogenesis occurs (Cori cycle). With a high supply of Dextrose, the metabolite acetyl-CoA from the Krebs cycle can also be used for fatty acid synthesis. Dextrose is also used to replenish the body's glycogen stores, which are mainly found in liver and skeletal muscle. These processes are hormonally regulated. In other living organisms, other forms of fermentation can occur. The bacterium Escherichia coli can grow on nutrient media containing Dextrose as the sole carbon source. In some bacteria and, in modified form, also in archaea, Dextrose is degraded via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Use of Dextrose as an energy source in cells is by either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. The first step of glycolysis is the phosphorylation of Dextrose by a hexokinase to form Dextrose 6-phosphate. The main reason for the immediate phosphorylation of Dextrose is to prevent its diffusion out of the cell as the charged phosphate group prevents Dextrose 6-phosphate from easily crossing the cell membrane. Furthermore, addition of the high-energy phosphate group activates Dextrose for subsequent breakdown in later steps of glycolysis. At physiological conditions, this initial reaction is irreversible. In anaerobic respiration, one Dextrose molecule produces a net gain of two ATP molecules (four ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis through substrate-level phosphorylation, but two are required by enzymes used during the process). In aerobic respiration, a molecule of Dextrose is much more profitable in that a maximum net production of 30 or 32 ATP molecules (depending on the organism) through oxidative phosphorylation is generated. Energy source Dextrose is a ubiquitous fuel in biology. It is used as an energy source in organisms, from bacteria to humans, through either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration (in bacteria), or fermentation. Dextrose is the human body's key source of energy, through aerobic respiration, providing about 3.75 kilocalories (16 kilojoules) of food energy per gram. Breakdown of carbohydrates (e.g., starch) yields mono- and disaccharides, most of which is Dextrose. Through glycolysis and later in the reactions of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, Dextrose is oxidized to eventually form carbon dioxide and water, yielding energy mostly in the form of ATP. The insulin reaction, and other mechanisms, regulate the concentration of Dextrose in the blood. The physiological caloric value of Dextrose, depending on the source, is 16.2 kilojoules per gram and 15.7 kJ/g (3.74 kcal/g), respectively. The high availability of carbohydrates from plant biomass has led to a variety of methods during evolution, especially in microorganisms, to utilize the energy and carbon storage Dextrose. Differences exist in which end product can no longer be used for energy production. The presence of individual genes, and their gene products, the enzymes, determine which reactions are possible. The metabolic pathway of glycolysis is used by almost all living beings. An essential difference in the use of glycolysis is the recovery of NADPH as a reductant for anabolism that would otherwise have to be generated indirectly. Dextrose and oxygen supply almost all the energy for the brain, so its availability influences psychological processes. When Dextrose is low, psychological processes requiring mental effort (e.g., self-control, effortful decision-making) are impaired. In the brain, which is dependent on Dextrose and oxygen as the major source of energy, the Dextrose concentration is usually 4 to 6 mM (5 mM equals 90 mg/dL), but decreases to 2 to 3 mM when fasting. Confusion occurs below 1 mM and coma at lower levels. The Dextrose in the blood is called blood sugar. Blood sugar levels are regulated by Dextrose-binding nerve cells in the hypothalamus. In addition, Dextrose in the brain binds to Dextrose receptors of the reward system in the nucleus accumbens. The binding of Dextrose to the sweet receptor on the tongue induces a release of various hormones of energy metabolism, either through Dextrose or through other sugars, leading to an increased cellular uptake and lower blood sugar levels. Artificial sweeteners do not lower blood sugar levels.

D-Gluconolactone; Glucono-δ-lactone; Gluconolactone; Glucono delta-lactone; GDL; d-Glucono-1,5-lactone; (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one; cas no: 90-80-2

glucosamine sulfate; (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal sulfate; gevolox; D- glucosaminesulfate cas no: 29031-19-4

DIISONONYL PHTHALATE; DINP; Isononyl alcohol phthalate; DINP; Palatinol DN; Palatinol N; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester; Bis(7-methyloctyl) phthalate; Di(C8-C10) branched alkyl phthalate; Di(isononyl) phthalate branched; Di(C8-10, C9 rich) branched alkyl phthalates; Vestinol 9; Vestinol NN; Vinylcizer 90; Witamol 150 cas no: 28553-12-0

Di-sec-octyl phthalate; DOP; DIOCTYL PHTHALATE; Bis(2-Etheylexyl) Phthalate; Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate; Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; Octoil; Ethyl hexyl phthalate; 2-Ethylhexyl phthalate; Di-sec-octyl phthalate; DEHP; Octyl phthalate; phthalic acid dioctyl ester; BEHP cas no: 117-81-7

DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL; Oxybispropanol; Di-sec-alcohol; Bis(2-hydroxy-propyl)ether; CAS NO: 25265-71-8

Di(propylene glycol) butyl ether; dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-; butyl dipropasol solvent cas no:29911-28-2

DIACETONE ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 123-42-2, Nom INCI : DIACETONE ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : 4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-626-7, Classification : Alcool Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

SYNONYMS Poly(DMDAAC/AM);P(AAm-co-DADMAC);Polyquaternium-7(PQ-7);poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammoniumchlor;POLY(ACRYLAMIDE-CO-DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE);dimethyldialkylammonium chloride/ acrylamide polymer;Acrylamide-Diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymer;POLY(ACRYLAMIDE-CO-DIMETHYL DIALLYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE) CAS NO:26590-05-6

DIAMMONIUM CITRATE, N° CAS : 3012-65-5, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM CITRATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium hydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 221-146-3, Ses fonctions (INCI), Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques

DIAMMONIUM DITHIODIGLYCOLATE, N° CAS : 68223-93-8, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM DITHIODIGLYCOLATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium 2,2'-dithiodiacetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 269-323-4 ,Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis

Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate; Phosphoric Acid, Diammonium Salt; DAP; Diammonium hydrogenphosphate; Diammonium phosphate; Ammonium hydrogen phosphate; AMMONIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIBASIC; AMMONIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE TS/RS; DAP; DI-AMMONIUM HYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE; DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; DI-AMMONIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE (SEC); DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; FYREX; PHOSPHORUS ICP STANDARD; SEC-AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; SEC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; ammoniummonohydrogenorthophosphate; diammonium; diammoniumacidphosphate; diammoniummonohydrogenphosphate; diammoniumorthophosphate CAS NO:7783-28-0

DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7783-28-0, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-987-8, Ses fonctions (INCI). Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage. Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection). Principaux synonymes Noms français : AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM MONOHYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE MONOACID Ammonium phosphate, secondary AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (DIBASIQUE) AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (MONOACIDE) DIAMMONIUM ACID PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium phosphate DIBASIC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Hydrogénoorthophosphate de diammonium Phosphate d'ammonium dibasique PHOSPHATE D'AMMONIUM MONOACIDE PHOSPHATE DE DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIACAL Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt SECONDARY AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Noms anglais : Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate Utilisation: Agent ignifuge, additif alimentaire et fertilisant.Diammonium phosphate [Wiki] ammonium phosphate [NF] 10LGE70FSU 231-987-8 [EINECS] 7783-28-0 [RN] Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (2:1:1) Ammonium hydrogenphosphate Ammonium phosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenphosphate di-Ammonium hydrogenphosphate (sec) Diammoniumhydrogenphosphat [German] dibasicammonium phosphate Hydrogénophosphate de diammonium [French] (NH4)2HPO4 [7783-28-0] Akoustan A Ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate ammonium monohydrogen phosphate Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate (NF) Ammonium phosphate [USAN] [USAN] ammonium phosphate, di- Ammonium phosphate, secondary Ammoniumhydrogenphosphate Coaltrol LPA 445 DAP, DAPLG diamine phosphate Diammonium acid phosphate Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) diammonium hydrogen phosphate; diazanium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium orthophosphate di-ammonium phosphate Diammonium Phosphate Food Grade Diammonium phosphate solution DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE|PHOSPHORIC ACID DIAMINE diammoniumhydrogenphosphate diazanium and hydron and phosphate diazanium hydrogen phosphate diazanium;hydrogen phosphate Dibasic ammonium phosphate EINECS 231-987-8 Fyrex Hydrogen diammonium phosphate I14-19729 K2 (phosphate) Pelor Phos-Chek 202A Phos-Chek 259 phosphoric acid diamine Phosphoric acid diammonium salt Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt

DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, N° CAS : 78491-02-8, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, Nom chimique : 1-[1,3-bis(Hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 278-928-2, Classification : Règlementé, Libérateur de Formaldéhyde, Conservateur, La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,5 %., Ses fonctions (INCI) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

DBE; IMSOL; ESTASOL; DIBASIC ACID; DIBASIC ESTER; DBE DIBASIC ESTER; DIBASIC MIXTURE OF ESTERS; DBE, Dibasic ester mixture; meso-Dibenzylaminosuccinic acid; DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate CAS NO:95481-62-2

CAS number: 94-36-0
EC number: 202-327-6
Molecular formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of Dibenzoyl peroxides structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl peroxideis a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may cause skin irritation in people with sensitive skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a colorless, crystalline solid with a faint odor of benzaldehyde resulting from the interaction of benzoyl chloride and a cooled sodium peroxide solution.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is insoluble in water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in specified cheeses at 0.0002% of milk level.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the bleaching of flour, slowly decomposing to exert its full bleaching action, which results in whiter flour and bread.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a widely used organic compound of the peroxide family.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is often used in acne treatments , bleaching and polymerizing polyester and many other uses.
As a bleach, Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

Applications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely utilized as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.
Dibenzoyl peroxide finds applications for acne treatment, for bleaching flour, hair and teeth and for cross-linking polyester resins.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also has major applications in antiseptic and bleaching properties.
Dibenzoyl peroxide serves as a catalyst for polyester thermoset resins and as a hardener to start the polymerization process.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes.
Due to Dibenzoyl peroxides irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide appears as odorless white powder or granules.

Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide in a cool place in isolation, out of the sunlight and away from heat.
Dibenzoyl peroxide acts as an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory agent when applied topically to the human epithelium.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
-Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
-Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
-Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Binding agents, used in paint, sand, etc
-General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles (unclear if bleaching agents are for consumer or industrial use)
-Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
-Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes.
Due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl peroxide is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis on the WHO List of Essential Medicines, and, in the US, Dibenzoyl peroxideis available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the plastics industry and for bleaching flour, hair, and textiles.

History of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide was first prepared and described by Liebig in 1858.
Dibenzoyl peroxidewas the first organic peroxide prepared intentionally.

Medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl peroxidedoes not induce antibiotic resistance.
Dibenzoyl peroxidemay be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl peroxide, an unusual formulation considering most retinoids are deactivated by peroxides.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl peroxide was approved in 2021.

Dibenzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.

Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.
The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl peroxide can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Dibenzoyl peroxidecan cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making Dibenzoyl peroxidebactericidal, and Dibenzoyl peroxidewas thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.
Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory effect as well. In micromolar concentrations Dibenzoyl peroxideprevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne.

Other medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in dentistry as a tooth whitening product.

Non-medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is one of the most important organic peroxides in terms of applications and the scale of its production.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis often used as a convenient oxidant in organic chemistry.

Bleaching of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Like most peroxides, Dibenzoyl peroxideis a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used for the bleaching of flour, fats, oils, waxes, and cheeses, as well as a stain remover.

Polymerization of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions, such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

Reactivity of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide, a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2

Dibenzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2

The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.
The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92 °C.
At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23
Storage & Sensitivity: Ambient temperatures.
Solubility:
Soluble in ether and chloroform.
Slightlysoluble in ethanol.
Insoluble in water.

Use and Manufacturing of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products:
-Home Maintenance
-Inside the Home
-Personal Care

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry
-Plumbing, plumbing tools (home or industrial use)
-Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
-Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
-Caulk, mortar, or putty compounds
-Wall construction materials, or wall coverings
-Casting agents or molding compounds for plastics, sand, or metals
-Catalyst
-Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory

Industry Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Fillers
-Intermediates
-Oxidizing/reducing agents
-Plasticizers
-Process regulators
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealants
-Arts, crafts, and hobby materials
-Automotive care products
-Personal care products
-Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Industry Processing Sectors of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
-Plastic material and resin manufacturing
-Plastics product manufacturing
-Rubber product manufacturing
-Services

About Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of germs (bacteria) on the surface of your skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide comes as a gel or face wash containing 5% Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is available to buy from pharmacies under the brand name Acnecide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is sometimes mixed with potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an "antimicrobial" ingredient that kills micro-organisms on your skin.
Dibenzoyl peroxide's sold in pharmacies as Quinoderm cream.

Some Dibenzoyl peroxide products are available on prescription only.
This is because they contain other active ingredients such as antibiotics or retinoids (exfoliants).

Many popular skincare brands also make products that contain Dibenzoyl peroxide, but at a lower strength.
These are available to buy in pharmacies, supermarkets and shops.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
-Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Pharmaceutical related
-Fixatives or fixing agents
-Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
-Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
-Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Related to the activity of hunting

Key facts about Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% takes around 4 weeks to start working.
You'll usually use Dibenzoyl peroxide 1 or 2 times a day.
The most common side effect is skin irritation.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is better to use it less often at first, then build up as your skin gets used to it.
Pharmacy brands include Acnecide 5% gel and Acnecide Wash 5%.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also an ingredient in Duac Once Daily (with clindamycin, an antibiotic) and Epiduo gel (with adapalene, a retinoid).

Who can and cannot use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Most adults and children over 12 years old can use Dibenzoyl peroxide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is not suitable for some people.
To make sure Dibenzoyl peroxide is safe for you, tell your doctor before using this medicine if you:
-are allergic to Dibenzoyl peroxide or other medicines.
-have damaged or broken skin where you need to use the treatment.
-have very bad acne with nodules (large, hard lumps that build up beneath the surface of the skin and can be painful) or cysts (large, pus-filled lumps that look similar to boils).
These need to be treated by a doctor to avoid scarring.

How and when to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide is for use on your skin only.

Always wash your hands before and after using this medicine.
If your skin becomes dry or starts peeling, try using Dibenzoyl peroxide less often.
Put Dibenzoyl peroxide on once a day or once every 2 days, until your skin gets used to it.

Dibenzoyl peroxide can bleach or discolour your hair, as well as clothes, towels and bedding.
Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide away from hair and coloured fabrics.
How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% gel

Wash the affected area with a mild skin cleanser and water.
Gently pat your skin dry.
Put a thin layer of gel on all the affected areas.
If your whole face has acne, use a strip of gel (2.5cm long) each time.
You'll usually use the gel once or twice a day.
If you have sensitive skin, use the gel once a day, before going to bed.

Try to avoid strong sunlight while using Dibenzoyl peroxide gel.
Use an oil-free sunscreen, or a moisturiser or foundation with added SPF30.
In stronger sunlight, use SPF30 or above.
Ask a pharmacist to help you pick a sunscreen that's right for your skin type.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Term applied when source specifically indicates product is for industrial use, or use in the industrial sector
-Related to electrical work (such as wiring of a building), electric current insulation materials, or other electrical components
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives
-Related to manufacturing for export
-Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
-Beverages for human consumption (e.g., juice, water, alcohol), or related to beverages for human consumption (e.g. machinery for production of beverages, or facilities serving beverages)
-Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
-General medical instruments or medical facilities, spectacle lenses and optical instruments
-Related to metals - manufacturing of metals, casting of metals, production of metals, surface treatment of metals, etc

How long will I use Dibenzoyl peroxide for?
Dibenzoyl peroxide depends on how quickly your condition improves.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will usually start to work within 4 weeks, but once your acne is under control you may want to keep using it to stop your acne coming back.

What if I forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide does not matter if you forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide.
When you remember, start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again once or twice a day in the same way as before.

What if I use Dibenzoyl peroxide too much?
If you use too much Dibenzoyl peroxide, your skin may become irritated.
Wash off as much as you can and wait for the irritation to go away.

When your skin has calmed down again, you can start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again.
Be careful to follow the instructions on the package.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Inert ingredients in a pesticide
-Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Accelerators, activators, oxidation agents, reducing agents, etc
-Vulcanizing agents and rubberizing materials
-Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description)
-Bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, and waxes; polymerization catalyst; drying agent for unsaturated oils; pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes; rubber vulcanization without sulfur; burnout agent for acetate yarns; production of cheese; embossing vinyl flooring (proprietary).
-Source of free radicals for industrial processes. Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
-For Dibenzoyl peroxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128964) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

About Dibenzoyl peroxide Helpful information:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Article service life:
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dibenzoyl peroxide is most likely to be released to the environment.
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Formulation or re-packing:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.

Manufacture:
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Although the precise cause of acne is unclear, Dibenzoyl peroxide appears to be associated with at least four factors: increased sebum production, follicular keratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation.
The study suggests the prevalent bacterium implicated in the clinical course of acne is Propionibacterium acnes (P acnes), a gram-positive anaerobe that normally inhabits the skin and is implicated in the inflammatory phase of acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is mainly indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate acne and is often prescribed in conjunction with oral antibiotics (erythromycin or clindamycin) in the treatment of moderate to severe acne.

Dibenzoyl peroxide used in 2.5, 5, and 10 percent concentrations, depending on the acne severity.
Usually, these are in a gel spreading agent, but they can also be in a cream base or a drying paste.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is keratolytic, which means “keratin-dissolving” and works by loosening dead cells stuck in the follicles.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also releases oxygen in the follicle.
Because acne bacteria are anaerobic, they cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Dibenzoyl peroxide essentially works both as an interfollicular exfoliant and as an antibacterial.

Mode of action:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is lipophilic that can penetrate the stratum corneum and enter the pilosebaceous follicle.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is rapidly broken down to benzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide and generates free radicals that oxidize proteins in bacterial cell membranes, exerting a bactericidal action.
In addition, it has been shown that Dibenzoyl peroxide can reduce the free fatty acid content of sebum, which provides a useful marker for bacterial activity.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory action and vitro studies suggest that this action arises from its ability to kill polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN cells) in the pilosebaceous follicles and so prevent their release of reactive oxygen species such as peroxides which enhance tissue inflammation.

Involving equation about this process:
C6H5C(O)O-OC(O)C6H5 + H2O 2 C6H5COOH + ½ O2
Moreover, due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a bleaching agent for certain foods, an oxidizing agent, a polymerizing initiator in the manufacture of plastics, a curing agent for silicone rubber, and an ingredient in various industrial processes.
Dibenzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has a long history of use in the food industry as a bleaching agent added for flour, whey, and milk for cheese making.

Contact with fabrics or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately.
Even secondary contact can cause bleaching.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely used as a catalyst in the polymerisation of molecules like styrene (phenylethene) to form polystyrene, which used to make many things from drinking cups to packaging material.

Dibenzoyl peroxide and Pregnancy :
There are no studies looking at women who use topical Dibenzoyl peroxide during pregnancy.
When Dibenzoyl peroxide is applied topically, only 5% is absorbed through the skin, and then it is completely metabolized to benzoic acid within the skin and excreted unchanged in the urine.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is not likely to increase risk for birth defects or cause problems for the baby.
However, systemic effects on a pregnant woman and her child would not be expected and therefore use of this product during pregnancy would not be of concern.

Description of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide may affect workers in the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins and catalysts) industries, electricians, ceramic workers, dentists and dental technicians, laboratory technicians and bakers.
As it was contained in candles, Dibenzoyl peroxide also induced contact dermatitis in a sacristan.
However, some positive tests are of unknown occupational relevance.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an odorless, white or colorless crystalline powder.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial ingredient commonly used in acne treatments.
Dibenzoyl peroxide functions by forcing an oxidant (peroxide in this case) into the philosebaceous orifice where it releases oxygen, thereby diminishing the P. acnes population.
This reduces the level of free fatty acids and skin infection.

Source of free radicals for industrial processes.
Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a source offree radicals in many organic syntheses andto initiate polymerizations of styrene, vinylchloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylics; to curethermoset polyester resins and silicone rubbers;in medicine for treating acne; and forbleaching vegetable oil, cheese, flour, and fats.

Indications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is a potent oxidizing agent that has both antimicrobial and comedolytic properties; its primary use is in treating acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted in the skin to benzoic acid; clearance of absorbed drug is rapid, and no systemic toxicity has been observed.
The major toxicities are irritation and contact allergy.
Outgrowth of bacteria resistant to topical antibiotics used to treat acne can be reduced by the addition of Dibenzoyl peroxide in combination products such as erythromycin (Benzamycin) and clindamycin (Benzaclin).

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments:
Dibenzoyl peroxide products are used topically either as gels or in shampoos.
Shampoos are generally used for seborrheas, greasy skin (seborrhea oleosa), or crusty pyodermas (such as seborrheic dermatitis/pyoderma commonly seen in Cocker Spaniels).
Gels may be useful for treating recurrent localized skin infections (e.g., chin acne), localized Demodex lesions, superficial and deep pyodermas (adjunctive therapy), seborrhea oleosa, and Schnauzer comedo syndrome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide possesses antimicrobial (especially antibacterial), keratolytic and antiseborrheic actions.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also is Dibenzoyl peroxide has some mild antipruritic activity and wound healing effects, and is thought to increase follicular flushing.
Dibenzoyl peroxide’s antimicrobial activity is due to the oxidative benzoyl peroxy radicals formed that disrupt cell membranes.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Various types of paint for various uses
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Rubber products (e.g. tires) and their manufacture
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
-Subcategory of personal_care, includes fragrances, shampoos, make-up, etc.
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Chemicals on lists subject to restrictions of use (i.e. some use allowed, but use is limited) in Europe
-Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests

Storage of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide should be stored in acool and well-ventilated area, isolated fromother chemicals and free of heating andelectrical installations.
Dry compound maybe shipped in polyethylene-lined paper bagsor fiber containers packed in wooden boxeso.

Purification Methods of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dissolve Dibenzoyl peroxide in CHCl3 at room temperature and precipitate it by adding an equal volume of MeOH or pet ether.
Similarly Dibenzoyl peroxide is precipitated from acetone by adding two volumes of distilled water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has also been crystallised from 50% MeOH and from diethyl ether.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will give you more information about Dibenzoyl peroxide and will provide you with a full list of the side-effects which you could experience from using it.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is recommended that you use Dibenzoyl peroxide once or twice each day.

When you first start using it, you will be recommended to use a 4% or 5% strength preparation.
This will help keep any skin irritation to a minimum.
If you find Dibenzoyl peroxide does irritate then try the 2.5% strength once the irritation has settled.
These strength preparations often work as well as the higher 10% strength preparations and cause less skin irritation.
If necessary, you can increase the strength of the preparation as you go on, but do this gradually.

A general point is that you should apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to all of the area where your spots occur and not just to each spot.
Creams and gels should be applied about 15 minutes or so after washing the area with soap and water and gently drying with a towel.
At first you may want to wash the preparation off after a few hours, but gradually try to increase the length of time you leave it on the skin.
When your skin is used to the preparation, aim to put it on twice a day and leave it on.
If you are using a 'wash', wet your skin and then pour some of the

Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane; 2,2-Dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxastannepin-4,7-dione; Dibutylzinndilaurat; Dilaurato de dibutilestaño; Dilaurate de dibutylétain; Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy) Tin; Dibutyltin didodecanoate; Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane; Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane CAS NO:77-58-7

DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Nom INCI : DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

DI-C12-13 ALKYL TARTRATE, N° CAS : 94095-06-4, Nom INCI : DI-C12-13 ALKYL TARTRATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 302-210-0 Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE, Nom INCI : DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7757-93-9, Nom INCI : DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-826-1, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques. Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

CALCII HYDROGENOPHOSPHAS DIHYDRICUS; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE-2-HYDRATE; CALCIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC, DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, DIBASIC; DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; PHOSPHORIC ACID CALCIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE; Calciumhydrogenphosphate,dih; Calciumhydrogenphosphate,medicinal; Phosphoricacid,calciumsalt(1:1),dihydrate; DICALCIUM PHOSPHAT; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE-2-HYDRATEEXTRA PURE, DAB, PH.; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC DIHYDRATE PH EUR; CALCIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE 98%; CalciumPhosphateDibasicDihydrateUsp; Dicalciumphosphate,precipitate; Calciumhydrogenphosphatedihyrdate,98%min CAS NO:7789-77-7

DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, N° CAS : 7757-93-9 / 7789-77-7, Nom INCI : DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, Nom chimique : Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-826-1, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

Dioctylcarbonat; Dioctyl carbonate; DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE; Dicaprylyl Carbonate 99%; Carbonic acid, dioctyl ester; UNII-609A3V1SUA; 609A3V1SUA; dicaprylyl carbonat; di-1-octyl carbonate; carbonic acid dioctyl ester CAS NO:1680-31-5

Carbonic acid,dioctyl ester; Di-n-octyl-carbonate; Kohlensaeure-di-n-octylester; Dioctyl carbonate; octyl carbonate; Dioctylcarbonat; cas no: 1680-31-5

DICAPRYLYL ETHER, N° CAS : 629-82-3, Nom INCI : DICAPRYLYL ETHER, Nom chimique : Dioctyl ether, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-112-6, Classification : Huile estérifiée. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. 1-(Octyloxy)octan [German] 1-(Octyloxy)octane 1-(Octyloxy)octane [French] 1,1'-Oxybisoctane 1748226 211-112-6 [EINECS] 629-82-3 [RN] 8O8 [WLN] Caprylic ether Dicaprylyl ether Di-n-octyl ether Dioctyl ether Ether, di-n-octyl- MFCD00009563 n-Dioctyl ether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis- [ACD/Index Name] Octyl ether RH8800000 [629-82-3] 1-octoxyoctane Antar [Wiki] Cetiol OE dicapryl ether Di-n-Octylether dioctylether EINECS 211-112-6 n-Octyl Ether n-Octylether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis-, octyloxyoctane TL8004344

Dicaprylyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate is classified as : Emollient Skin conditioning Solvent CAS Number 2915-53-9 EINECS/ELINCS No: 220-835-6 COSING REF No: 75673 Chem/IUPAC Name: Dioctyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. Molecular Weight of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.5 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Dicaprylyl maleate 7 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 18 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Dicaprylyl maleate 52.6 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 24 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Dicaprylyl maleate 305 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Dicaprylyl maleate Is Canonicalized Yes Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. NCI name: Dicaprylyl maleate Alternative names: Bernel EsterDom, Dicaprylylmaleat Origin: Different Definition:Dioctyl maleate INCI function:Emollient, Solvent CAS-No.2915-53-9 EINECS/EILINCS-No.220-835-6 Dicaprylyl maleate is an intermediate used in several chemical production processes. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used in coating applications, and as a phthalate-free alternative to common phthalate-based plasticizers such as Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) Dicaprylyl maleate is a clear, virtually colorless liquid with an ester-like odor.Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives. Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dicaprylyl maleate transposes into the corresponding fumaric-acid dialkyl ester. Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) CAS# 142-16-5 DOWNLOAD SPECSREQUEST QUOTE PROPERTY Appearance Color Ester Content Specific Gravity Moisture UNIT APHA % % SPECIFICATION Clear 50 Maximum 98.5 Minimum 0.939-0.945 0.20 Maximum APPLICATION Dicaprylyl maleate is a maleic acid that can act as a plasticizer and is used in resins to provide elasticity and flexibility. Dicaprylyl maleate is a co-monomer which can be polymerized with vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride (PVC), acrylates as well as stearates. These types of polymerizations with Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in the production of adhesives, emulsion paints, surfactants, textile coatings and wetting agents. GRADES AVAILABLE Technical SYNONYMS Bis(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate (DEHM), Maleic Acid Di(2-ethylhexyl) Ester, Maleic Acid Dioctyl Ester

DICETYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 1812-53-9, Nom INCI : DICETYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 217-325-0, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 1777-82-8, Nom INCI : DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 217-210-5, Classification : Règlementé, Alcool, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiqu

SYNONYMS Diclosan; Soneclosan; Tinopal HP 100; Tinosan HP 100; p-Chlorophenyl 2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl ether CAS NO:3380-30-1

Cyanoguanidine; 1-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamide; Dicy; DCD; N-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamin; Cyanguanidin; Cianoguanidina; Cyanoguanidine; 2-Cyanoguanidine; Araldite XB; 1-CYANOGUANIDINE; 2-Cyanoguanidine; AKOS NCG-0013; CYANOGUANIDINE; DCD; DICY; DICYANDIAMIDE; DICYANODIAMIDE; DYHARD(R) 100; DYHARD(R) 100 S; DYHARD(R) 100 SF; DYHARD(R) 100 SH; DYHARD(R) G 03; DYHARD(R) T 03 CAS NO:461-58-5

Dicorantil представляет собой органоаммонийфосфат.
Dicorantil принадлежит к группе лекарств, называемых антиаритмическими средствами, которые используются для лечения нерегулярного сердцебиения.
Dicorantil выпускается как в пероральной, так и в внутривенной формах и имеет низкую степень токсичности.

Номер КАС: 3737-09-5
Формула: C21H29N3O
Молярная масса: 339,483 г·моль-1

Dicorantil является антиаритмическим химическим веществом, используемым для лечения желудочковой тахикардии.
Dicorantil блокирует натриевые каналы и относится к антиаритмическим средствам класса 1а.

Dicorantil оказывает отрицательное инотропное действие на миокард желудочков и значительно снижает сократительную способность.
Dicorantil также оказывает антихолинергическое действие на сердце, что является причиной многих негативных побочных эффектов.
Dicorantil выпускается как в пероральной, так и в внутривенной формах и имеет низкую степень токсичности.

Dicorantil зарегистрирован в соответствии с Регламентом REACH и производится и/или импортируется в Европейскую экономическую зону только для промежуточного использования.
Dicorantil используется на промышленных объектах и в производстве.

Dicorantil представляет собой органоаммонийфосфат.

Dicorantil является антиаритмическим средством класса Ia с кардиодепрессантными свойствами.
Dicorantil оказывает действие Dicorantilа, блокируя как натриевые, так и калиевые каналы в сердечной мембране во время нулевой фазы потенциала действия.

Это замедляет проведение импульса через АВ-узел и удлиняет продолжительность потенциала действия нормальных клеток сердца в тканях предсердий и желудочков.
Dicorantil удлиняет интервал QT и вызывает расширение комплекса QRS.

Dicorantil также обладает некоторыми антихолинергическими и местноанестезирующими свойствами.
Dicorantil применяют для лечения суправентрикулярной тахикардии.

Антиаритмический агент класса I (тот, который непосредственно препятствует деполяризации сердечной мембраны и, таким образом, служит мембраностабилизирующим агентом) с угнетающим действием на сердце, подобным действию гуанидина.
Dicorantil также обладает некоторыми антихолинергическими и местноанестезирующими свойствами.

Dicorantil принадлежит к группе лекарств, называемых антиаритмическими средствами, которые используются для лечения нерегулярного сердцебиения.
Нерегулярное сердцебиение — это состояние, при котором ваше сердце бьется нерегулярно, слишком быстро или слишком медленно.
Dicorantil помогает замедлить частоту сердечных сокращений и предотвратить аритмии (аномальные сердечные ритмы).

Dicorantil сульфат содержит Dicorantil, т.е. антиаритмические средства.
Dicorantil помогает привести нерегулярные сердечные сокращения к нормальному ритму, блокируя определенные электрические сигналы в сердце.
Лечение нерегулярного сердцебиения снижает риск образования тромбов, сердечного приступа или инсульта.

Dicorantil следует принимать по назначению врача.
Ваш врач может контролировать ЭКГ и артериальное давление во время лечения, чтобы контролировать дозу.

Некоторые люди могут испытывать общие побочные эффекты, такие как нечеткость или двоение в глазах, боль в животе, малое мочеиспускание или его отсутствие, а также низкий уровень сахара в крови.
Большинство из этих побочных эффектов Dicorantilа не требуют медицинской помощи и со временем будут постепенно улучшаться.
Однако, если побочные эффекты сохраняются, обратитесь к врачу.

Пожалуйста, сообщите своему врачу, если у вас аллергия на Dicorantil или какие-либо другие лекарства.
Dicorantil не рекомендуется применять у детей.
Беременным или кормящим женщинам рекомендуется проконсультироваться с врачом, прежде чем принимать Dicorantil.

Прежде чем принимать Dicorantil, сообщите своему врачу, если у вас есть заболевания почек или печени, увеличенная простата, глаукома (повышенное внутриглазное давление) или низкий уровень калия в крови (гипокалиемия).
Не принимайте Dicorantil, если вы уже принимаете другие лекарства для регуляции сердцебиения.

Не садитесь за руль и не работайте с механизмами, так как Dicorantil может вызвать нечеткость зрения, головокружение и снижение артериального давления.
Используйте Dicorantil с осторожностью, если вы пожилой человек (старше 65 лет), имеете низкую массу тела или проблемы с почками или печенью.

Dicorantil используется для лечения некоторых нерегулярных сердечных сокращений).
Dicorantil относится к классу препаратов, называемых антиаритмическими препаратами.
Dicorantil работает, делая ваше сердце более устойчивым к аномальной активности.

Непрерывное образование:
Dicorantil — это химическое вещество, используемое для лечения нарушений сердечного ритма, которые могут быть опасными для жизни, такими как желудочковая тахикардия/фибрилляция, или связаны с повышенной заболеваемостью и смертностью, такими как мерцательная аритмия и гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия.
В этом мероприятии рассматриваются несколько важных аспектов этого химического вещества, включая показания, механизм действия, применение, побочные эффекты, противопоказания, мониторинг и токсичность.
Эти важные знания об этом химическом веществе могут улучшить результаты межпрофессиональной медицинской бригады.

Цели:
Опишите механизм действия Dicorantilа.
Опишите возможные побочные эффекты Dicorantilа.

Объясняет важность мониторинга при использовании Dicorantilа в качестве антиаритмического химического вещества.
Наметьте стратегии профессиональной команды для улучшения координации ухода и коммуникации при использовании Dicorantilа, чтобы максимизировать преимущества этого химического вещества и минимизировать побочные эффекты Dicorantilа.

Показания:
В 1962 году потребовались новые антиаритмические препараты помимо хинидина и новокаинамида, которые были основными антиаритмическими средствами, доступными в то время.
Dicorantil является выбранным из более чем 500 соединений, синтезированных для программы исслед��ваний новых антиаритмических средств.
Химическая структура Dicorantilа аналогична синтетическому мускариновому антагонисту лака, что объясняет антихолинергические свойства Dicorantilа.

Хотя Dicorantil редко используется при нарушениях сердечного ритма из-за наличия более новых препаратов, которые обеспечивают лучшую эффективность и благоприятные профили побочных эффектов, Dicorantil по-прежнему является препаратом выбора для лечения вагус-опосредованной фибрилляции предсердий, такой как вызванная сном или мерцательная аритмия у спортсменов. группы.
Эффективность Dicorantilа при этих состояниях обусловлена антихолинергической активностью Dicorantilа, который упраздняет парасимпатический тонус.

Dicorantil также является антиаритмическим средством третьей линии для пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца.
Кроме того, у пациента с гипертрофией левого желудочка нарушена деполяризация, что может вызвать пируэтную желудочковую тахикардию.

Таким образом, антиаритмические средства, удлиняющие интервал QT, избегают, но если соталол или амиодарон неэффективны или не подходят, альтернативой может быть Dicorantil.
У пациентов с мерцательной аритмией и гипертрофической обструктивной кардиомиопатией (ГОКМ) Dicorantil является препаратом выбора, кроме амиодарона, поскольку Dicorantil может снижать градиент выходного тракта левого желудочка (ЛЖВ) (использование не по назначению).

Данные многоцентрового исследования безопасности и эффективности Dicorantilа при обструктивной кардиомиопатии показали, что Dicorantil достоверно снижал градиент СВОТ с 75+/-33 до 40+/-32 мм рт.ст. у 78 пациентов (66% участников исследования) (P<0,0001). ). показал. ) и повышает функциональный класс Нью-Йоркской кардиологической ассоциации (NYHA FC) с 23+/-07 до 17+/-06 (P<0,0001).
Когда Dicorantil используется в комбинации с недигидропиридиновыми блокаторами кальциевых каналов или бета-блокаторами, они могут эффективно предотвращать рецидивы ФП у пациентов с HCOM.

Пациенты с желудочковой экстрасистолией (ЖЭ) или преждевременными желудочковыми комплексами (ЖЭК) могут иметь большое количество симптомов.
Dicorantil можно применять у пациентов без структурных заболеваний сердца, хотя эффективность Dicorantilа ниже, чем при аблации.
Кроме того, по данным рандомизированного двойного слепого плацебо-контролируемого исследования в течение года, Dicorantil (n=44) был эффективен в поддержании синусового ритма после электрокардиоверсии по поводу фибрилляции предсердий по сравнению с плацебо (n=46) и значительно отличался (%) при последующем наблюдении в течение одного месяца. 70 против 39%) и продолжается через двенадцать месяцев (54% против 30%).

Применение Dicorantilа:
Dicorantil используется для лечения определенных типов серьезных (возможно, фатальных) нерегулярных сердечных сокращений (таких как устойчивая желудочковая тахикардия).
Dicorantil используется для восстановления нормального сердечного ритма и поддержания регулярного, устойчивого сердцебиения.

Dicorantil известен как антиаритмический препарат.
Dicorantil работает, блокируя определенные электрические сигналы в сердце, которые могут вызвать нерегулярное сердцебиение.
Лечение нерегулярного сердцебиения может снизить риск образования тромбов, и этот эффект может снизить риск сердечного приступа или инсульта.

Применение Dicorantilа:
Dicorantil выпускается в виде капсул и капсул с пролонгированным высвобождением (длительного действия) для приема внутрь.
Капсулы Dicorantil можно принимать каждые 6 или 8 часов.

Капсулы пролонгированного действия обычно принимают каждые 12 часов.
Внимательно следуйте указаниям на этикетке с рецептом и попросите своего врача или фармацевта объяснить любую часть, которую вы не понимаете.

Принимайте Dicorantil точно так, как указано.
Не принимайте большее или меньшее количество Dicorantilа и не принимайте его чаще, чем предписано врачом.

Проглотите капсулы с пролонгированным высвобождением; не открывать, раздавить или жевать их.

Dicorantil помогает контролировать ваше состояние, но не лечит его.
Продолжайте принимать Dicorantil, даже если вы чувствуете себя хорошо.
Не прекращайте прием Dicorantilа, не посоветовавшись с врачом.

Механизм действия Dicorantilа:
Активность Dicorantilа класса 1а аналогична активности хинидина в том смысле, что Dicorantil нацелен на натриевые каналы для подавления проводимости.
Dicorantil угнетает увеличение натриевой проницаемости сердечного миоцита во время фазы 0 сердечного потенциала действия, в свою очередь уменьшая направленный внутрь поток натрия.

Это приводит к повышению порога возбуждения и снижению скорости движения вверх.
Dicorantil удлиняет интервал PR, увеличивая продолжительность как QRS, так и зубца P.

Этот эффект особенно хорошо подходит для лечения желудочковой тахикардии, поскольку Dicorantil замедляет распространение потенциала действия через предсердия к желудочкам.
Dicorantil не действует как блокатор бета- или альфа-адренорецепторов, но оказывает значительное отрицательное инотропное действие на желудочковый миокард.
В результате применение Dicorantilа может снизить сократительную способность до 42 % при низких дозах и до 100 % при более высоких дозах по сравнению с хинидином.

Левитс предложил возможный вторичный механизм действия Dicorantilа против реципрокных аритмий после ишемического инсульта.
Dicorantil уменьшает неоднородность между инфарктным и нормальным рефрактерными периодами миокарда; кроме удлинения рефрактерного периода.

Это снижает вероятность повторной деполяризации, поскольку сигналы с большей вероятностью встречаются с тканью в рефрактерном состоянии, которая не может быть возбуждена.
Это обеспечивает возможное лечение фибрилляции предсердий и желудочков, поскольку Dicorantil восстанавливает контроль кардиостимулятора над тканью СА и АВ-узлов.

Фармакология и биохимия Dicorantilа:

Фармакологическая классификация MeSH:

Антиаритмические агенты:
Агенты, используемые для лечения или профилактики сердечных аритмий.
Они могут влиять на фазу поляризации-реполяризации потенциала действия, Dicorantilовую возбудимость или рефрактерность, проводимость импульса или чувствительность мембран в сердечных волокнах.
Антиаритмические средства часто делят на четыре основные группы в зависимости от их механизма действия: блокада натриевых каналов, блокада бета-адренергических каналов, пролонгация реполяризации или блокада кальциевых каналов.

Обструктивная гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия:
Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия (ГКМП) является наиболее распространенным наследственным заболеванием сердца, встречающимся у 1:500 человек в общей популяции.
Dicorantil оценивается в 600 000 человек в Соединенных Штатах с гипертрофической кардиомиопатией.

Наиболее распространенный вариант ГКМП проявляется внутриполостной обструкцией левого желудочка (ЛЖ) из-за систолического движения митрального клапана вперед и митрально-септального контакта, что легко диагностируется с помощью эхокардиографии.
Фармакологическое лечение препаратами с отрицательным инотропным действием является терапией первой линии.

Бета-блокаторы используются в первую очередь, и хотя они улучшают симптомы одышки, боли в груди и непереносимости физической нагрузки, они не снижают градиенты внутрижелудочкового давления в покое и часто неадекватны для контроля симптомов.
Многие исследователи и клиницисты считают, что Dicorantil с контролируемым высвобождением является наиболее мощным доступным средством для снижения градиентов давления в покое и улучшения симптомов.

Dicorantil активно применяется уже более 30 лет.
Применение Dicorantilа при обструктивной ГКМП имеет рекомендацию IB в рекомендациях Американской кардиологической ассоциации/Американского колледжа кардиологов от 2020 г. по лечению обструктивной ГКМП.
Рекомендация по лечению ИБ указывает на то, что лечение рекомендуется и может быть полезным и выгодным.

Отрицательные инотропы улучшают обструкцию ЛЖ, уменьшая ускорение выброса ЛЖ и гидродинамические силы на митральном клапане.
Особая эффективность Dicorantilа обусловлена сильным отрицательным инотропным действием Dicorantilа; при прямом сравнении Dicorantil более эффективен для снижения градиента, чем бета-блокатор или верапамил.

Dicorantil чаще всего вводят вместе с бета-блокаторами.
При использовании у пациентов, резистентных к бета-блокаторам, Dicorantil эффективен в 60% случаев, уменьшая симптомы и их градиент до такой степени, что не требуются инвазивные процедуры, такие как хирургическая септальная миэктомия.

Dicorantil, несмотря на эффективность Dicorantilа, имеет один основной побочный эффект, который ограничивает использование Dicorantilа в США, хотя Dicorantil нашел более широкое применение в Канаде, Великобритании и Японии.
Блокада блуждающего нерва предсказуемо вызывает сухость во рту, а у мужчин с простатитом может вызывать задержку мочи.
Тейхман и др. показали, что пиридостигмин, используемый в комбинации с Dicorantilом, значительно уменьшает ваголитические побочные эффекты без снижени�� антиаритмической эффективности.

Также было показано, что эта комбинация эффективна и безопасна при обструктивной ГКМП у большой когорты пациентов.
Некоторые клиницисты назначают пиридостигмин замедленного высвобождения (продаваемый в США как Местинон Таймспан) каждому пациенту, начавшему принимать Dicorantil.
Эта комбинация повышает приемлемость более высоких доз Dicorantilа, что важно, поскольку существует корреляция доза-реакция при обструктивной ГКМП, более высокие дозы дают более низкие градиенты.

Другая проблема, связанная с Dicorantilом, связана с гипотетическим потенциалом вызывать внезапную смерть из-за антиаритмических эффектов Dicorantilа типа 1.
Однако многоцентровый регистр и два недавних когортных регистра в значительной степени уменьшили эту озабоченность, показав более низкие показатели внезапной смерти, чем наблюдаемые от самого заболевания.

Эти опасения по поводу препарата следует рассматривать с клинической точки зрения, поскольку Dicorantil, как правило, является последним препаратом, который испытывают пациенты перед тем, как их направят на инвазивное уменьшение перегородки с хирургической септальной миэктомией (операция на открытом сердце) или алкогольную аблацию перегородки (контролируемая операция). острое сердечно-сосудистое заболевание).
Обе эти инвазивные процедуры имеют риск заболеваемости и смертности.

Для отдельных пациентов пробный пероральный прием Dicorantilа является разумным подходом, прежде чем приступать к инвазивной редукции перегородки.
Пациенты, которые реагируют на Dicorantil, продолжают принимать этот препарат.

Те, у кого сохраняются симптомы инвалидности или побочные эффекты, немедленно направляются на уменьшение перегородки.
Используя такую ступенчатую стратегию, исследователи сообщили, что выживаемость не отличается от выживаемости, наблюдаемой в нормальном населении Соединенных Штатов того же возраста.

Экстракардиальные эффекты:
Атропиноподобные эффекты (антихолинергические)
Сухость во рту
Запор
Задержка мочи. Dicorantil не следует назначать пациентам с симптоматическим простатитом.
Затуманенное зрение
Глаукома
Сыпь
Агранулоцитоз

Кроме того, Dicorantil может усиливать гипогликемический эффект гликлазида, инсулина и метформина.

Метаболизм Dicorantilа:
Dicorantil может вызывать гипогликемию, возможно, за счет усиления секреции инсулина, а также может потенцировать эффекты обычных гипогликемических препаратов.
Этот эффект может быть связан с моно-N-деалкилDicorantilом, главным метаболитом Dicorantilа, поскольку многие зарегистрированные случаи гипогликемии наблюдались у пациентов с почечной недостаточностью, у которых метаболит накапливается.

У шести субъектов, которые рассматривались для лечения Dicorantilом, концентрации глюкозы в сыворотке крови измеряли через 13, 15, 17 и 19 часов после ужина, без дальнейшего приема пищи, с дополнительным приемом двух таблеток модифицированного высвобождения Dicorantil 150 и без него. мг с ужином и через 12 часов.
Dicorantil значительно снижал концентрацию глюкозы в сыворотке крови во все сроки измерения в среднем на 0,54 ммоль/л.
Падение концентрации глюкозы в сыворотке не было связано с концентрацией Dicorantilа в сыворотке или концентрацией креатинина в сыворотке; Dicorantil был выше у пожилых пациентов и у пациентов с недостаточным весом.

Сообщалось также о гипогликемии у 70-летней женщины с сахарным диабетом 2 типа, принимавшей Dicorantil.

Клинические данные Dicorantilа:
Торговые названия: Норпейс
AHFS/Drugs.com: Монография
МедлайнПлюс: a682408
Категория беременности: AU: B2
Пути введения: Пероральный, внутривенный
Код УВД: C01BA03 (ВОЗ)

Легальное положение:
Великобритания: POM (только по рецепту)
США: только ℞

Фармакокинетические данные Dicorantilа:
Биодоступность: высокая
Связывание с белками: от 50% до 65% (зависит от концентрации)
Метаболизм: печеночный (CYP3A4-опосредованный)
Период полувыведения: 6,7 часа (от 4 до 10 часов).
Выведение: через почки (80%).

Идентификаторы Dicorantilа:
Название IUPAC: (RS)-4-(диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанамид
Номер КАС: 3737-09-5
Идентификатор PubChem: 3114
ИУПХАР/БПС: 7167
Банк наркотиков: DB00280
ХимПаук: 3002
УНИИ: GFO928U8MQ
КЕГГ: D00303
ЧЕБИ: ЧЕБИ:4657
ЧЕМБЛ: ЧЕМБЛ517
Информационная панель CompTox (EPA): DTXSID1045536
Информационная карта ECHA: 100.021.010

Свойства Dicorantilа:
Формула: C21H29N3O
Молярная масса: 339,483 г·моль-1
Температура плавления: от 94,5 до 95 ° C (от 202,1 до 203,0 ° F)
УЛЫБКИ: O=C(N)C(c1ncccc1)(c2ccccc2)CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C
ИнХИ: ИнХИ=1S/C21H29N3O/c1-16(2)24(17(3)4)15-13-21(20(22)25,18-10-6-5-7-11-18)19- 12-8-9-14-23-19/h5-12,14,16-17H,13,15H2,1-4H3,(H2,22,25)
Ключ:UVTNFZQICZKOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Молекулярная масса: 437,5 г/моль
Количество доноров водородной связи: 4
Количество акцепторов водородной связи: 7
Количество вращающихся связей: 8
Точная масса: 437,20795813 г/моль
Масса моноизотопа: 437,20795813 г/моль
Площадь топологической полярной поверхности: 137Ų
Количество тяжелых атомов: 30
Сложность: 459
Количество атомов изотопа: 0
Определенное число стереоцентров атома: 0
Количество стереоцентров неопределенного атома: 1
Определенное число стереоцентров связи: 0
Неопределенный счетчик стереоцентров связи: 0
Количество ковалентно-связанных единиц: 2
Соединение канонизировано: Да

Названия Dicorantilа:

Названия регуляторных процессов:

дизопирамид
дизопирамид

Названия ИЮПАК:
4-(диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-пиридин-2-илбутанамид
4-[бис(пропан-2-ил)амино]-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанамид
дизопирамид

Другие идентификаторы:
3737-09-5

Синонимы Dicorantilа:
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ
22059-60-5
Норпейс
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТНАЯ СОЛЬ
Ритмодан
Норпейс Кр
SC 7031 фосфат
Диритмин са
Diso-дурилес
дизопирамидфосфат
ИНЭКС 244-756-1
SC 7031 (фосфат)
НСК-756744
СК-13957
SC-7031 ФОСФАТ
ЧЕБИ:4658
N6BOM1935W
22059-60-5 (фосфат)
СК 13957
Норпейс (Теннесси)
2-(1-(аммониокарбонил)-3-(диизопропиламмонио)-1-фенилпропил)пиридиния фосфат
Дизопирамидфосфат
4-(диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанамидфосфат
4-[ди(пропан-2-ил)амино]-2-фенил-2-пиридин-2-илбутанамид; фосфорная кислота
альфа-(2-диизопропиламиноэтил)-альфа-фенил-2-пиридинацетамидфосфат
(+-)-альфа-(2-(диизопропиламино)этил)-альфа-фенил-2-пиридинацетамидфосфат (1:1)
2-пиридинацетамид, альфа-(2-(бис(1-метилэтил)амино)этил)-альфа-фенил-фосфат
2-пиридинацетамид, альфа-(2-(бис(1-метилэтил)амино)этил)-альфа-фенил-фосфат (1:1)
2-пиридинацетамид, альфа-(2-(диизопропиламино)этил)-альфа-фенил-фосфат
альфа-(2-(диизопропиламино)этил)-альфа-фенил-2-пиридинацетамидфосфат (1:1)
2-пиридинацетамид, альфа-(2-(бис(1-метилэтил)амино)этил)-альфа-фенил-, (+-)-, фосфат (1:1)
СР-01000003039
Дизопирамид (фосфат)
УНИИ-N6BOM1935W
SCHEMBL41810
МЛС000028431
СПЕКТР1500261
C21H29N3O.H3O4P
ЧЕМБЛ1201020
HMS501I11
DTXSID30944685
Дизопирамидфосфат (JAN/USP)
HMS1920I14
HMS2094K15
HMS2234B16
HMS3259J21
HMS3261C04
HMS3369L05
HMS3652M20
HMS3885J07
Фармакон1600-01500261
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [MI]
XAA05960
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [ЯНВАРЬ]
Токс21_500411
CCG-40209
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [USAN]
HY-12533A
NSC756744
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [VANDF]
АКОС040744844
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [МАРТ.]
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [USP-RS]
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [WHO-DD]
LP00411
NC00683
СНБ 756744
Дизопирамидфосфат [USAN:BAN:JAN]
NCGC00093836-01
NCGC00093836-02
NCGC00093836-03
NCGC00093836-04
NCGC00261096-01
SMR000058438
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [ОРАНЖЕВАЯ КНИГА]
ЛС-130131
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [МОНОГРАФИЯ EP]
Дизопирамидфосфат [USAN:USP:BAN:JAN]
ЕС-0100411
FT-0630479
S4143
SW196836-3
SW196836-4
Дизопирамид ФОСФАТ [МОНОГРАФИЯ USP]
C07740
Д 6035
D00637
СР-01000003039-2
СР-01000003039-6
Q27106430
4-(диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(2-пиридил)бутанамид
(R)-4-(диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанамидофосфат
4-[ди(пропан-2-ил)амино]-2-фенил-2-пиридин-2-илбутанамид, фосфорная кислота
4-ДИИЗОПРОПИЛАМИНО-2-ФЕНИЛ-2-(2-ПИРИДИЛ)БУТИРАМИД ФОСФАТ
Дизопирамидфосфат, справочный стандарт Европейской фармакопеи (EP)
Дизопирамидфосфат, эталонный стандарт Фармакопеи США (USP)
(+/-)-.АЛЬФА.-(2-(ДИИЗОПРОПИЛАМИН)ЭТИЛ)-.АЛЬФА.-ФЕНИЛ-2-ПИРИДИНАЦЕТАМИД ФОСФАТ (1:1)
2-ПИРИДИНАЦЕТАМИД, .АЛЬФА.-(2-(БИС(1-МЕТИЛЕТИЛ)АМИНО)ЭТИЛ)-.АЛЬФА.-ФЕНИЛ-, (+/-)-, ФОСФАТ (1:1)
223-110-2 [ЭИНЭКС]
2-пиридинацетамид, а-[2-[бис(1-метилэтил)амино]этил]-а-фенил-
2-пиридинацетамид, α-(2-(бис(1-метилэтил)амино)этил)-α-фенил-
2-пиридинацетамид, α-[2-[бис(1-метилэтил)амино]этил]-α-фенил- [ACD/название индекса]
3737-09-5 [РН]
4-(Диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(2-пиридинил)бутанамид [немецкий] [ACD/название IUPAC]
4-(Диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(2-пиридинил)бутанамид [ACD/название IUPAC]
4-(Диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(2-пиридинил)бутанамид [французский] [ACD/название IUPAC]
4-(Диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(2-пиридил)бутирамид
4-(Диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанамид
4-(дипропан-2-иламино)-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанамид
а-[2-(диизопропиламино)этил]-а-фенил-2-пиридинацетамид
а-[2-[Бис(1-метилэтил)амино]этил]а-фенил-2-пиридинацетамид
disopiramida [испанский] [INN]
Дизопирамид [французский] [INN]
Дизопирамид [BAN] [INN] [JAN] [JP15] [USAN] [Wiki]
Дизопирамид, (R)-
Дизопирамид, (S)-
disopyramidum [латиница] [INN]
изоритм
лиспайн
MFCD00057366 [количество леев]
Норпейс [торговое название]
Ритмо��ан [торговое название]
α-[2-(ДИИЗОПРОПИЛАМИН)ЭТИЛ]-α-ФЕНИЛ-2-ПИРИДИНАЦЕТАМИД
α-диизопропиламиноэтил-α-фенилпиридин-2-ацетамид
дизопирамид [Русский] [МНН]
ديسوبيراميد [арабский] [INN]
丙吡胺 [китайский] [INN]
свободное основание дизопирамида
НОРПЕЙС КР
Ритмодан-Ла
ξ-Дизопирамид
[3737-09-5] [РН]
1309283-08-6 [РН]
2-пиридинацетамид, α-(2-(диизопропиламино)этил)-α-фенил-
2-пиридинацетамид, α-[2-(диизопропиламино)этил]-α-фенил-
2-пиридинацетамид, α-[2-[бис(1-метилэтил)амино]этил]-α-фенил-
3737-09-5 (свободная база)
38236-46-3 [РН]
4-(диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-(2-пиридил)бутанамид
4-(диизопропиламино)-2-фенил-2-пиридин-2-илбутанамид
4-[бис(метилэтил)амино]-2-фенил-2-(2-пиридил)бутанамид
4-[бис(пропан-2-ил)амино]-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанамид
4-[бис(пропан-2-ил)амино]-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанимидиновая кислота
4-[ди(пропан-2-ил)амино]-2-фенил-2-(пиридин-2-ил)бутанамид
4-[ди(пропан-2-ил)амино]-2-фенил-2-пиридин-2-илбутанамид
492056 [Бейльштейн]
4-диизопропиламино-2-фенил-2-(2-пиридил)бутирамид
54687-36-4 [РН]
74464-83-8 [РН]
74464-84-9 [РН]
БС-17145
ДБ00280
Dicorantil
Дизопирамида
Дизопирамида [INN-испанский]
Дизопирамид-d5
дизопирамида
Дизопирамид [МНН-лат.]
MFCD00069254 [количество леев]
н-дезалкил дизопирамид
Норпейс®
Ритмодан
Ритмодан П [торговое название]
Ритмодан®
Сирл 703
α-(2-(диизопропиламино)этил)-α-фенил-2-пиридинацетамид
α-(2-(диизопропиламино)этил)-α-фенил-2-пиридинацетамид
α-[2-[бис(1-метилэтил)амино]этил]-α-фенил-2-пиридинацетамид
γ-диизопропиламино-α-фенил-α-(2-пиридил)бутирамид
γ-диизопропиламино-α-фенил-α-(2-пиридил)бутирамид
дизопирамид
ديسوبيراميد
丙吡胺

DICUMYL PEROXIDE The aim of this article was to determine the effect of the dicumyl peroxide (dicumyl peroxide) content on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA). Reactive extrusion of the PLA and dicumyl peroxide blends was performed. The dicumyl peroxide content varied from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%. The extruded samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analyses of gel content and swelling degree, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile and impact strength tests. It was found that dicumyl peroxide caused crosslinking of PLA as well as contributed to formation of low-molecular weight products of decomposition and degradation processes. These products caused plasticization of PLA, which led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature. An increase in tensile strength and decrease in impact strength were observed as the dicumyl peroxide content increased. Dicumyl peroxide price More Price(4) Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 100g $50 2020-08-18 Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 500g $154 2020-08-18 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 100g $35.9 2020-06-24 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 500g $140 2020-06-24 Buy Dicumyl peroxide Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties white powder Chemical Properties Dicumyl peroxide is a crystalline solid that melts at 42°C. It is insoluble in water and soluble in vegetable oil and organic solvents . It is used as a high-temperature catalyst in production of polystyrene plastics. The deflagration hazard potential of this peroxide was tested using 5 g of igniter in the revised time–pressure test, but no pressure rise was produced . Noller et al. found it to be an intermediate fire hazard. General Description White powder with a characteristic odor. Reactivity Profile The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides. Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides. Dicumyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 2nd ed., p 44 1979. Safety Profile Mildly toxic by ingestion. See also PEROXIDES. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Purification Methods Crystallise the peroxide from 95% EtOH (charcoal). Store it at 0o. Potentially EXPLOSIVE. [Beilstein 6 IV 3220.] Dicumyl peroxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Cumene Ethanol Sodium sulfite PERCHLORIC ACID Cumyl hydroperoxide Preparation Products microdispersoid acrylate resin filling emulsion dimethylacrolyl phenoxy propanestyrene copolymer optical plastics 80-43-3(Dicumyl peroxide)Related Search: ethyl hydroperoxide TERT-BUTYL CUMYL PEROXIDE Methyl acrylate Methyl Methanol Di-tert-butyl peroxide Dicumyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide DIISOPROPYLBENZENE Acetonitrile Methylparaben 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) Hydrogen peroxide Aluminum oxide 3,5-Diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide 1,3-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole) Vulcanizator Description and features Iniper DCP (dicumyl peroxide), is a white crystal which has C18H22O2 as chemical formula. This dialkyl peroxide is used for the (co)polymerization of styrene, besides it is used to crosslink polymers and elastomers. Further it finds its application as flame retardant synergist in EPS. Dicumyl Peroxide is also known as Diisopropylbenzene peroxide, Bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide and Dicumene hydroperoxide. Storage Store Dicumyl Peroxide in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area and in line with legal requirements. Keep Iniper DCP away from heat sources, avoid contact with acids, alkalines, heavy metal compounds and reducing agents. The Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) in original packaging is 75ºC. The aim of this article was to determine the effect of the dicumyl peroxide (dicumyl peroxide) content on thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA). Reactive extrusion of the PLA and dicumyl peroxide blends was performed. The dicumyl peroxide content varied from 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%. The extruded samples were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analyses of gel content and swelling degree, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile and impact strength tests. It was found that dicumyl peroxide caused crosslinking of PLA as well as contributed to formation of low-molecular weight products of decomposition and degradation processes. These products caused plasticization of PLA, which led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature. An increase in tensile strength and decrease in impact strength were observed as the dicumyl peroxide content increased. Dicumyl peroxide price More Price(4) Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 100g $50 2020-08-18 Buy Sigma-Aldrich 329541 Dicumyl peroxide 98% 80-43-3 500g $154 2020-08-18 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 100g $35.9 2020-06-24 Buy Alfa Aesar H60442 Dicumyl peroxide, 98% 80-43-3 500g $140 2020-06-24 Buy Dicumyl peroxide Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties white powder Chemical Properties Dicumyl peroxide is a crystalline solid that melts at 42°C. It is insoluble in water and soluble in vegetable oil and organic solvents . It is used as a high-temperature catalyst in production of polystyrene plastics. The deflagration hazard potential of this peroxide was tested using 5 g of igniter in the revised time–pressure test, but no pressure rise was produced . Noller et al. found it to be an intermediate fire hazard. General Description White powder with a characteristic odor. Reactivity Profile The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides. Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides. Dicumyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 2nd ed., p 44 1979. Safety Profile Mildly toxic by ingestion. See also PEROXIDES. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Purification Methods Crystallise the peroxide from 95% EtOH (charcoal). Store it at 0o. Potentially EXPLOSIVE. [Beilstein 6 IV 3220.] Dicumyl peroxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Cumene Ethanol Sodium sulfite PERCHLORIC ACID Cumyl hydroperoxide Preparation Products microdispersoid acrylate resin filling emulsion dimethylacrolyl phenoxy propanestyrene copolymer optical plastics 80-43-3(Dicumyl peroxide)Related Search: ethyl hydroperoxide TERT-BUTYL CUMYL PEROXIDE Methyl acrylate Methyl Methanol Di-tert-butyl peroxide Dicumyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide DIISOPROPYLBENZENE Acetonitrile Methylparaben 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) Hydrogen peroxide Aluminum oxide 3,5-Diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide 1,3-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole) Vulcanizator Description and features Iniper DCP (dicumyl peroxide), is a white crystal which has C18H22O2 as chemical formula. This dialkyl peroxide is used for the (co)polymerization of styrene, besides it is used to crosslink polymers and elastomers. Further it finds its application as flame retardant synergist in EPS. Dicumyl Peroxide is also known as Diisopropylbenzene peroxide, Bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl) peroxide and Dicumene hydroperoxide. Storage Store Dicumyl Peroxide in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area and in line with legal requirements. Keep Iniper DCP away from heat sources, avoid contact with acids, alkalines, heavy metal compounds and reducing agents. The Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) in original packaging is 75ºC.

DICYCLOHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE, N° CAS : 23386-52-9, Nom INCI : DICYCLOHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE, Nom chimique : Sodium 1,4-dicyclohexyl sulphonatosuccinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 245-629-3. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité. Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau.Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

DIDECYL-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium chloride; quaternium 12; 1-Decanaminium,N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-,chloride; aliquat203; bardac22; bio-dac50-22; btc1010; btco1010; ddac(didecyldimethylammoniumchloride); didecyldimethyl-ammoniuchloride; didecyldimethylammoniumchloride(ddac); dimethyldidecylammoniumchloride; n-decyl-n,n-dimethyl-1-decanaminiuchloride; DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE; didecyl dimethyl Ammonium Chloride 50% solution in Toluene; didecyl dimethyl Ammonium Chloride 70% solution; Didecildimethylammonium chloride; BARDAC2280; Bardac(R) 22 CAS NO:7173-51-5

2,2'-Iminobisethanol; Diethylolamine; DEA; Diolamine; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Diethanolamine; Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine; iminodiethanol; Diaethanolamin (German); Diethanolamin (Czech); 2,2'-iminobis-Ethanol; Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Iminodiethanol; 2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine; 2,2'-Iminobis[ethanol]; 2,2'-Iminodi-1-ethanol; 2,2'-Iminodiethanol; N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; cas no: 111-42-2

2,2'-Iminobisethanol; Diethylolamine; DEA; Diolamine; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Diethanolamine; Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine; iminodiethanol; Diaethanolamin (German); Diethanolamin (Czech); 2,2'-iminobis-Ethanol; Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Iminodiethanol; 2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine; 2,2'-Iminobis[ethanol]; 2,2'-Iminodi-1-ethanol; 2,2'-Iminodiethanol; N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine; cas no: 111-42-2

Diethyl Isopropanol Amine; DiethanolisopropanolaMine (DEIPA); 2,2'-(2-Hydroxypropylimino)bisethanol; 2,2'-[(2-Hydroxypropyl)imino]bisethanol; 2-Propanol, 1-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-; 1-[BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINO]-2-PROPANOL; N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ISOPROPANOLAMINE; 1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]propane-2-ol; 1-[bis-2-hydroxy-ethyl-amino]-propan-2-ol; 1-(N,N-bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino)propan-2-ol; 1-[bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-propan-2-ol; 1-[N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINO]-2-PROPANOL; 1-[N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol,94%; 1-[N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol 94% CAS NO:6712-98-7

2,2'-DIHYDROXYDIETHYLAMINE; 2,2'-IMINODIETHANOL; 2,2-IMINODIETHANOL; 2,2'-IMINODIETHANOL,BIS(BETA-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE IMINODIETHANOL; DI(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; DI-BETA-HYDROXYETHYLAMINE; DIETHANOLAMINE; DIETHANOLAMINE SUBSTRATE BUFFER; DIETHYLOLAMINE; LABOTEST-BB LTBB000446; 2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethanol; 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethanol; 2-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-ethanol; 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-ethanol; 2,2’-dihydroxy-diethylamin; 2,2’-iminobis-ethano; 2,2’-iminobisethanol; 2,2’-iminobis-Ethanol CAS NO:111-42-2

DIETHANOLAMINE Diethanolamine Diethanolamine Skeletal formula of Diethanolamine Ball-and-stick model of the Diethanolaminemolecule Names IUPAC name 2,2'-aminodiethanol Other names Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine β,β'-Dihydroxydiethylamine Diolamine 2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol 2,2'-Iminobisethanol Iminodiethanol Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)amine 2,2'-Iminodiethanol Identifiers CAS Number 111-42-2 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image 3DMet B01050 Beilstein Reference 605315 ChEBI CHEBI:28123 check ChEMBL ChEMBL119604 check ChemSpider 13835604 check ECHA InfoCard 100.003.517 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 203-868-0 KEGG D02337 check MeSH Diethanolamine PubChem CID 8113 RTECS number KL2975000 UNII AZE05TDV2V check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID3021932 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C4H11NO2 Molar mass 105.137 g·mol−1 Appearance Colourless crystals Odor Ammonia odor Density 1.097 g·mL−1 Melting point 28.00 °C; 82.40 °F; 301.15 K Boiling point 271.1 °C; 519.9 °F; 544.2 K Solubility in water Miscible log P -1.761 Vapor pressure <1 Pa (at 20 °C) UV-vis (λmax) 260 nm Refractive index (nD) 1.477 Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C) 137 J·K−1·mol−1 Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) −496.4 – −491.2 kJ·mol−1 Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) −26.548 – −26.498 MJ·kmol−1 Hazards Safety data sheet sciencelab.com GHS pictograms GHS05: Corrosive GHS07: Harmful GHS08: Health hazard GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H302, H315, H318, H373 GHS precautionary statements P280, P305+351+338 Flash point 138 °C (280 °F; 411 K) Autoignition temperature 365 °C (689 °F; 638 K) Explosive limits 1.6–9.8%[1] Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose) 120 mg·kg−1 (intraperitoneal, rat) 710 mg·kg−1 (oral, rat) 778 mg·kg−1 (intravaneous, rat) 12.2 g·kg−1 (dermal, rabbit) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible) None[1] REL (Recommended) TWA: 3 ppm (15 mg/m3)[1] IDLH (Immediate danger) N.D.[1] Related compounds Related alkanols N-Methylethanolamine Dimethylethanolamine Diethylethanolamine N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol Methyl Diethanolamine Triethanolamine Bis-tris methane Meglumine Related compounds Diethylhydroxylamine Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Diethanolamine, often abbreviated as Diethanolamineor DEOA, is an organic compound with the formula HN(CH2CH2OH)2. Pure Diethanolaminei s a white solid at room temperature, but its tendencies to absorb water and to supercool[2] mean it is often encountered as a colorless, viscous liquid. Diethanolamine is polyfunctional, being a secondary amine and a diol. Like other organic amines, Diethanolamine acts as a weak base. Reflecting the hydrophilic character of the secondary amine and hydroxyl groups, Diethanolamine is soluble in water. Amides prepared from Diethanolamine are often also hydrophilic. In 2013, the chemical was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2B). Production The reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia first produces ethanolamine: C2H4O + NH3 → H2NCH2CH2OH which reacts with a second and third equivalent of ethylene oxide to give Diethanolamineand triethanolamine: C2H4O + H2NCH2CH2OH → HN(CH2CH2OH)2 C2H4O + HN(CH2CH2OH)2 → N(CH2CH2OH)3 About 300M kg are produced annually in this way.[3] The ratio of the products can be controlled by changing the stoichiometry of the reactants.[4] Uses Diethanolamine is used as a surfactant and a corrosion inhibitor. It is used to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from natural gas. Diethanolamineis widely used in the preparation of diethanolamides and Diethanolaminesalts of long-chain fatty acids that are formulated into soaps and surfactants used in liquid laundry and dishwashing detergents, cosmetics, shampoos and hair conditioners.[5]In oil refineries, a Diethanolaminein water solution is commonly used to remove hydrogen sulfide from sour gas. It has an advantage over a similar amine, ethanolamine, in that a higher concentration may be used for the same corrosion potential. This allows refiners to scrub hydrogen sulfide at a lower circulating amine rate with less overall energy usage. Diethanolamineis a chemical feedstock used in the production of morpholine.[3][4] Morpholine from DEA.png Amides derived from Diethanolamineand fatty acids, known as diethanolamides, are amphiphilic. The reaction of 2-chloro-4,5-diphenyloxazole with Diethanolaminegave rise to Ditazole. The reaction of Diethanolamineand Isobutyraldehyde with water removed produces an Oxazolidine. Commonly used ingredients that may contain DEA Diethanolamineis used in the production of diethanolamides, which are common ingredients in cosmetics and shampoos added to confer a creamy texture and foaming action. Consequently, some cosmetics that include diethanolamides as ingredients contain DEA. [6]Some of the most commonly used diethanolamides include: Cocamide DEA DEA-Cetyl Phosphate DiethanolamineOleth-3 Phosphate Lauramide DEA Myristamide DEA Oleamide DEA Safety Diethanolamineis a potential skin irritant in workers sensitized by exposure to water-based metalworking fluids.[7] One study showed that Diethanolamineinhibits in baby mice the absorption of choline, which is necessary for brain development and maintenance;[8] however, a study in humans determined that dermal treatment for 1 month with a commercially available skin lotion containing Diethanolamineresulted in Diethanolaminelevels that were "far below those concentrations associated with perturbed brain development in the mouse".[9] In a mouse study of chronic exposure to inhaled Diethanolamineat high concentrations (above 150 mg/m3), Diethanolaminewas found to induce body and organ weight changes, clinical and histopathological changes, indicative of mild blood, liver, kidney and testicular systemic toxicity.[10] A 2009 study found that Diethanolaminehas potential acute, chronic and subchronic toxicity properties for aquatic species. Properties of diethanolamine Molecular Formula:C4H11NO2 Molecular Weight:105.137 g/mol Flash Point:176°(349°F) Boiling Point:268-270° Flash Point:176°(349°F) Density:1.097 Diethanolamine (DEA or DEOA) is a colorless, viscous liquid organic chemical compound that is both a secondary amine and a dialcohol. According to the International Agency for Research, the compound is a suspected carcinogen to humans. The hydrophilic liquid is used as a surfactant as well as a corrosion inhibitor. DEA is also used to remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. Reactivity Profile Diethanolamine is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. This compound is hygroscopic. It may be sensitive to exposure to air and light. This compound can react with oxidizing materials, acids, CO2, copper alloys, aluminum, zinc, galvanized iron and copper. Applications Diethanolamine is used in the preparation of morpholine and diethanolamides, which is an active ingredient in cosmetics and shampoos. It acts as a surfactant and a corrosion inhibitor. It is utilized to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from natural gas. Further, it is an intermediate used in the rubber chemicals, as a humectant and a softening agent, and as an emulsifier and dispersing agent in agricultural chemicals. In addition to this, it is used in cutting oils, cleaners, soaps, polishers, and pharmaceuticals. Health Hazard Information Acute Effects: Acute inhalation exposure to diethanolamine in humans may result in irritation of the nose and throat, and dermal exposure may result in irritation of the skin. Animal studies indicate that exposure to diethanolamine by intravenous injections can cause increased blood pressure, pupillary dilatation, and salivation. At very high doses in animals, sedation, and coma may result. Acute animal studies have shown that dermal exposure to diethanolamine may burn skin, and eye contact with the chemical may impair vision. Acute animal tests in rats have shown diethanolamine to have moderate acute toxicity from oral exposure. Chronic Effects (Noncancer): No information is available on the chronic effects of diethanolamine in humans. Animal studies have reported effects on the liver, kidney, blood, and CNS from chronic oral exposure to diethanolamine. Skin lesions were observed in mice following daily topical administration of diethanolamine. EPA has not established a Reference Concentration (RfC) or a Reference Dose (RfD) for diethanolamine. The California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) has established a chronic reference exposure level of 0.02 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m ) for diethanolamine based on effects on the blood in rats. The CalEPA reference exposure level is a concentration at or below which adverse health effects are not likely to occur. It is not a direct estimator of risk but rather a reference point to gauge the potential effects. At lifetime exposures increasingly greater than the reference exposure level, the potential for adverse health effects increases. Reproductive/Developmental Effects: No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of diethanolamine in humans. Animal studies have reported testicular degeneration and reduced sperm motility and count from oral exposure to diethanolamine. Cancer Risk: No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of diethanolamine in humans. EPA has not classified diethanolamine for carcinogenicity. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble. Fire Hazard Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors are generated when heated. Health Hazard Irritation of eyes and skin. Breathing vapors may cause coughing, a smothering sensation, nausea, headache. Diethanolamine appears as oily colorless liquid or solid white crystals. Slight rotten fish or ammonia odor. Denser than water. (USCG, 1999) CAMEO Chemicals Diethanolamine is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It derives from an ethanolamine. ChEBI Diethanolamine is used in a number of consumer products, such as shampoos, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Limited information is available on the health effects of diethanolamine. Acute (short- term) inhalation exposure to diethanolamine in humans may result in irritation of the nose and throat, and dermal exposure may irritate the skin. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of diethanolamine in humans. Animal studies have reported effects on the liver, kidney, blood, and central nervous system (CNS) from chronic oral exposure to diethanolamine. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) reported an increased incidence of liver and kidney tumors in mice from dermal exposure to diethanolamine. EPA has not classified diethanolamine for carcinogenicity. Molecular Weight of Diethanolamine 105.14 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3 -1.4 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Diethanolamine 3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Diethanolamine 3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Diethanolamine 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Diethanolamine 105.078979 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Diethanolamine 105.078979 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Diethanolamine 52.5 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Diethanolamine 7 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Diethanolamine 28.9 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Diethanolamine 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Diethanolamine 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Diethanolamine Is Canonicalized Yes Technical products and impurities Diethanolamine is commercially available with the following specifications: purity, 99% min.; monoethanolamine, 0.5% max.; triethanolamine 0.5% max.; and water content, 0.15% max. (Huntsman Corporation, 2008). A lower grade of diethanolamine is commercially available with the following specifications: purity, 55% min.; monoethanolamine, 5% max.; triethanolamine 40% max.; and water content, 1% max. (Elarum, 2010). In Europe, diethanolamine is typically marketed with the following specifications: purity, > 99%; triethanolamine, 1% max.; monoethanolamine, 0.5% max.; and water content, 0.2% max. (OECD, 2007). Diethanolamine is also available as a blend of 83–87% diethanolamine and 13–17% deionized water with monoethanolamine and triethanolamine present as impurities at a maximum concentration of 1% (Huntsman Corporation, 2007). 1.1.5. Analysis Diethanolamine can be determined in workplace air by drawing the air sample through aqueous hexanesulfonic acid and analysing with ion chromatography. The range for this method is 0.30–19.5 mg for a 100-L air sample (NIOSH, 2003). Diethanolamine can be determined in air by drawing the air sample through sampling tubes containing XAD-2 resin coated with 10% 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. Samples are analysed by desorbing the adsorbent with dimethylformamide and quantitating the amine derivative by high performance liquid chromatography using ultraviolet detection (OSHA, 2010). Exposure to diethanolamine from metal working fluids has been determined by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of aqueous hand-washing solutions and personal air samples collected on acid-treated glass fibre filters (Henriks-Eckerman et al., 2007). Levels of diethanolamine in shampoo products can be determined by liquid chromatography/thermal energy analysis after conversion to N-nitrosodiethanolamine with acetic acid and sodium nitrite (Chou, 2005). 1.2. Production and use 1.2.1. Production Diethanolamine is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with ammonia. In most production facilities, ethylene oxide and ammonia are reacted in a batch process that yields a crude mixture of ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. The mixture is then distilled to separate and purify the individual compounds (Edens & Lochary, 2004). Ethanolamines became available commercially in the early 1930s; they assumed steadily growing commercial importance as intermediates after 1945, because of the large-scale production of ethylene oxide. Since the mid-1970s, economical production of very pure, colourless ethanolamines has been possible (IARC, 2000). It has been estimated that 45 900 and 75 400 tonnes of diethanolamine were produced in the USA in 1972 and 1983, respectively (HSDB, 2010). Estimated annual production of diethanolamine in the USA over three decades is presented in Table 1.1. Table 1.1. Estimated annual production of diethanolamine in the USA (thousand tonnes). Table 1.1 Estimated annual production of diethanolamine in the USA (thousand tonnes). Worldwide production of ethanolamines in 1985 was approximately (thousand tonnes per year): USA, 220; western Europe, 145; south-eastern Asia, 40; South America, 18; and eastern Europe, 4. Of the world production of ethanolamines in 1985, approximately 50% was mono-ethanolamine, 30–35% diethanolamine and 15–20% triethanolamine (Hammer et al., 1987). The annual world capacity for the ethanolamines in 2005 was estimated at 1 510 000 tonnes, subdivided into 400 000 tonnes for Europe (eight production sites), 780 000 tonnes for North and South America (seven production sites), 30 000 tonnes for the Middle East (one production site) and 300 000 tonnes for the Asia/Pacific region (11 production sites). No data on individual capacities for diethanolamine were available (OECD, 2007). Information available in 2010 indicated that diethanolamine was manufactured by 29 companies in the USA, seven companies in Mexico, three companies each in the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom, two companies each in Canada, Germany, China (Hong Kong SAR) and India, and one company each in Belgium, Slovak Republic and Switzerland (Chemical Sources International, 2010). Other sources indicated that diethanolamine was produced by five companies in the USA (HSDB, 2010), five companies in Germany, three companies in the United Kingdom, three companies in the Netherlands and one company each in Austria, Belgium, Denmark and Sweden (IUCLID, 2000). 1.2.2. Use Diethanolamine is widely used in the preparation of diethanolamides and diethanolamine salts of long-chain fatty acids that are formulated into soaps and surfactants used in liquid laundry and dishwashing detergents, cosmetics, shampoos and hair conditioners. Diethanolamine is also used in the production of lubricants in the textile industry, in industrial gas purification to remove acid gases and as an emulsifer and dispersing agent in preparations of agricultural chemicals. Diethanolamine is used in metalworking fluids for cutting, stamping and die-casting operations as a corrosion inhibitor. In the production of detergents, cleaners, fabric solvents and metalworking fluids, diethanolamine is used for acid neutralization and soil deposition. Aqueous diethanolamine solutions are used as solvents for numerous drugs that are administered intravenously. Shampoos and hair dyes may contain free diethanolamine as a component and/or as a contaminant of fatty acid alkanolamides, generally in the range of 0.2–10% (Bailey, 2007). Diethanolamine is used with sulfolane in the sulfinol process to absorb carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gases The database for substances in preparations in Nordic countries lists a wide variety of uses of diethanolamine registered in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. In 2004, 520 preparations containing diethanolamine, accounting for a total volume of 19 865.8 tonnes, were registered in Denmark. In Norway, Sweden, and Finland, 103 (856.8 tonnes), 307 (459.0 tonnes), and 75 (132.7 tonnes) products were registered, respectively. Use categories included intermediates, cleaning/washing agents, paints, lacquers and varnishes, surface treatments, cutting fluids, pH-regulation agents, impregnation materials, surface-active agents, corrosion inhibitors, process regulators, colouring agents, reprographic agents, lubricants and additives. Its use in consumer preparations was indicated for products registered in Norway and Sweden (SPIN, 2006; OECD, 2008). 1.3. Occurrence and exposure 1.3.1. Natural occurrence Diethanolamine is not known to occur as a natural product. 1.3.2. Occupational exposure Diethanolamine is present in water-based machining and grinding fluids (soluble oils, semi-synthetic and synthetic metalworking fluids) and has been detected in workplace air in the metal manufacturing industry. It was detected in bulk metalworking fluids at levels ranging from 4 to 5% (Kenyon et al., 1993). Recent exposure to diethanolamine can be inferred from studies showed dermal sensitivity among workers exposed to metalworking fluids (Geier et al., 2004a, b). Moreover, the presence of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in bulk fluids and in the urine of exposed workers may provide indirect evidence for the exposure to diethanolamine from these fluids (Ducos & Gaudin, 2003). According to the 1981–83 National Occupational Exposure Survey (NIOSH, 1999), 800 000 workers (many of whom were metalworkers) in the USA were potentially exposed to diethanolamine. The median air concentration of diethanolamine in nine machine shops in Finland was found to be 64 µg/m3 (Henriks-Eckerman et al., 2007). The presence of diethanolamine has also been reported in wetting fluids used in road paving. A level of 0.05 mg/m3 was detected in a stationary sample at a slurry machine discharging a bitumen emulsion containing 0.2% of the amine. All personal exposures were below the limit of detection (0.02 mg/m3) (Levin et al., 1994). In a study in Germany (1992–94), diethanolamine was detected in samples of metalworking fluids at a range of 0–44% (n = 69). The proportion of samples in which diethanolamine was present steadily declined from 90 to 60% over the study period (Pfeiffer et al., 1996). In 1996, 51 samples of cooling lubricant concentrates from the German market were analysed. Of these, six (12%) showed diethanolamine concentrations of more than 0.2%, with a maximum concentration reaching 0.85%. The occurrence of diethanolamine levels above 0.2% in these concentrates declined from 80% (1991–92), to 53% (1993), 25% (1994), 21% (1995), and 12% (1996). The reduction was due to a change in the composition of the coolant fluids that followed regulatory requirements in Germany (see Section 1.4). The detected residues above 0.2% were not due to the direct addition of diethanolamine as an ingredient, but to contamination by other components in the coolant fluids (Kaup et al., 1997). At a site in Germany, diethanolamine is produced in one production plant and is processed further within eight other operations and plants. Between January 2001 and December 2006, data on 53 workplace exposures covering all operations were collected by means of personal air sampling. The reported data are 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) values for shifts. In the production plant, the highest value recorded was 0.026 mg/m3; at the filling stations, the maximum value recorded was 0.062 mg/m3; and the overall range of the measurements (53) was < 0.019–0.062 mg/m3 (OECD, 2008). 1.3.3. Environmental occurrence Production of diethanolamine and its wide use in industrial and consumer products may result in its release into the environment (Yordy & Alexander, 1981; Beyer et al., 1983; Environment Canada, 1995; Mathews et al., 1995; Knaak et al., 1997). (a) Air According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory, air emissions of diethanolamine from 358 industrial facilities in 1994 were approximately 149 200 kg in the USA (US EPA, 1996). According to the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) of Canada, on-site releases of diethanolamine into the air from 74 facilities amounted to about 40 000 kg/year (Environment Canada, 1995). (b) Water Surface water discharges of diethanolamine from 358 industrial facilities in 1994 in the USA amounted to 100 350 kg, as reported in the Toxics Release Inventory (US EPA, 1996). On-site releases of diethanolamine (and its salts) to water from 74 facilities in Canada amounted to about 26 000 kg/year, as reported to the NPRI (Environment Canada, 1995). Because of the spectrum of industrial and consumer uses of diethanolamine and its miscibility with water, large amounts of the chemical can be discharged into wastewater and sewage in an unaltered form (Yordy & Alexander, 1981; Mathews et al., 1995). Diethanolamine was not detected in a study carried out in 1978 in any of the 21 samples taken from surface water in Japan (Japanese Department of Environmental Health, 1985). Diethanolamine was detected in German surface waters of the Rivers Elbe at 0.34–0.58 µg/L, Mulde at 2.54–4.6 µg/L, Neibe at 0.72–1.8 µg/L and Rhine at 0.30–0.59 µg/L (Pietsch et al., 2001; OECD, 2008). (c) Soil Releases of diethanolamine to the land and underground from 358 industrial facilities in the USA in 1994 (as reported to the Toxics Release Inventory) amounted to 77 050 kg and 36 850 kg, respectively (US EPA, 1996). Canadian on-site releases of diethanolamine (and its salts) to land and underground amounted to about 118 000 kg and 497 000 kg/year, respectively, as reported to the NPRI (Environment Canada, 1995). 1.3.4. Occurrence in personal care products Free diethanolamine is reported to be a contaminant in fatty acid-diethanolamine condensates (amides of coconut oil acid, oleic acid and lauric acid) at levels ranging from < 1% to nearly 19%. Diethanolamine also occurs as a contaminant in triethanolamine products (see Table 1.3). Table 1.3. Diethanolamine content of several condensates. Table 1.3 Diethanolamine content of several condensates. Potential exposure to diethanolamine in personal care products arises from the use of alkanolamides of diethanolamine, which are condensation products of diethanolamine and fatty acids (e.g. cocamide diethanolamine, a reaction product of diethanolamine and coconut oil-derived fatty acids). Cocamide diethanolamine, lauramide diethanolamine, linoleamide diethanolamine and oleamide diethanolamine are fatty acid diethanolamides that may contain 4r33% diethanolamine, and are present in cosmetics at concentrations of < 0.1–50% (Dea, 1986). Twenty shampoo products were analysed and 19 were found to contain diethanolamine at levels ranging from 140 to 15 200 ppm (Chou, 2005). In a substudy to assess skin absorption, a commercially available body lotion was found to contain 1.8 mg/g diethanolamine (Craciunescu et al., 2009). In a study of skin penetration, two representative shampoo formulations containing coconut diethanolamide at a concentration of 4% were found to contain 0.98% diethanolamine; two shampoos and a bubble bath containing 4.75% lauramide diethanolamine contained 0.25% diethanolamine; a leave-on emulsion containing 2% triethanolamine contained 0.008% diethanolamine; and an oxidative hair dye containing 4.7% lauramide diethanolamine contained 0.25% diethanolamine, while two other hair dye products containing 1.4% lauramide diethanolamine contained 0.075% diethanolamine (Brain et al., 2005). In a study of the penetration of cosmetic products through intact human skin, a shampoo containing cocamide diethanolamine was found to include 0.092% free diethanolamine, and a second shampoo containing lauramide diethanolamine included 0.28% free diethanolamine (Kraeling et al., 2004). 1.3.5. Detection in body fluids and daily exposure estimates After about 3 or 4 weeks of using a body lotion containing 1.8 mg/g diethanolamine, plasma concentrations of the compound in three volunteer subjects ranged from 3 to 7 nmol/mL (Craciunescu et al., 2009) [data were read from a graph]. Craciunescu et al., (2006) provided exposure estimates of 8–200 mg/kg per day from daily use of shampoo. An alternative calculation using a lower diethanolamine content in shampoo and lower skin penetration rates suggested that the exposure to diethanolamine for a 60-kg adult would be in the range of 0.2–2 µg/kg per day (Bailey, 2007). [The Working Group noted the large discrepancy in the estimated values between the two studies.] 1.4. Regulations and guidelines Occupational exposure limits and guidelines for diethanolamine are presented in Table 1.4. Table 1.4. Occupational exposure limits and guidelines for diethanolamine. Table 1.4 Occupational exposure limits and guidelines for diethanolamine. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permits the use of diethanolamine as a component of adhesives in food packaging, as an indirect food additive, as a component of uncoated or coated food contact surfaces of paper and paperboard for use with dry solid foods with no free fat or oil on the surface, and for use only as an adjuvant to control pulp absorbance and pitch content in the manufacture of paper and paperboard or for use only in paper mill boilers in the USA (FDA, 2010). A technical standard in Germany limits the level of diethanolamine in water-mixable cooling lubricants to 0.2% (Kaup et al., 1997). Go to: 2. Cancer in Humans The Working Group was not aware of any study that specifically examined the risk of cancer among persons exposed to diethanolamine. While diethanolamine is found in personal care products, no epidemiological studies evaluating human cancer in association with diethanolamine were identified. However, ethanolamines have been used as additives in metalworking fluids since the 1950s and are present in wetting fluids used in asphalt paving. Exposures to these agents occur as complex mixtures and there is a large database of studies on workers exposed in these occupational settings. In light of the complex mixtures, and concomitant occupational exposures, any observed elevations in risk cannot be specifically attributed to diethanolamine or to any other constituent of the complex mixtures. The Working Group, therefore, did not make a detailed evaluation of these studies. The data on metalworking fluids are reviewed below, although a formal evaluation by the Working Group is not provided. There are four major types of metalworking fluid: straight (generally mineral oils), soluble and semi-synthetic (straight oils diluted with water and additives) and synthetic (water and additives with no oil). [Exposure assessments for soluble and synthetic are often combined for analysis.] Ethanolamines — either diethanolamine or triethanolamine — are common additives to soluble, semi-synthetic and synthetic metal-working fluids (see Section 1). Diethanolamine may also be present as an unintended impurity of intended triethanolamine or fatty acid diethanolamide additives. Metalworking fluids are complex mixtures that may vary considerably, depending on the type of fluid and the additives used. These mixtures may contain many potential carcinogens and, in particular, potential exposure to N-nitrosodiethanolamine occurred in all of the studies considered. The use of diethanolamine and nitrites together as additives to metalworking fluids can lead to the formation of N-nitrosodiethanolamine. Therefore, workers in any study that noted exposure to N-nitrosodiethanolamine would also have been exposed to the diethanolamine from which the nitroso derivative was formed. In this review, only studies that included workers exposed to water-based (soluble, synthetic and semi-synthetic) metalworking fluids were included.

DIETHYL ADIPATE, N° CAS : 141-28-6, Nom INCI : DIETHYL ADIPATE, Nom chimique : Diethyl hexanedioate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-477-0, Ses fonctions (INCI): Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Diethylamine; (Diethyl)amine; Diethylamine (deprecated[2]); diethyl amine; 2,2'-diethylamine cas no:109-89-7

DIETHYL CARBONATE, N° CAS : 105-58-8, Nom INCI : DIETHYL CARBONATE, Nom chimique : Carbonic acid, diethyl ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-311-1

DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE, N° CAS : 100-37-8, Nom INCI : DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE, Nom chimique : Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-845-2. Ses fonctions (INCI): Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Noms français : 2-Diethylaminoethanol; 2-HYDROXYTRIETHYLAMINE; BETA-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL;DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE DIETHYLAMINO-2 ETHANOL; Diethylaminoethanol; DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE; DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE (DEEA); Diéthylamino-2 éthanol; Diéthylaminoéthanol; N,N-DIETHYL-2-AMINOETHANOL; N,N-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL; N,N-DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE. Noms anglais : 2-Diethylaminoethanol. Utilisation; Fabrication de produits organiques, agent dispersant. 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol 100-37-8 [RN] 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol [German] 2-(Diéthylamino)éthanol [French] 202-845-2 [EINECS] 2-Diethylaminoethanol 2-Hydroxytriethylamine 741863 [Beilstein] DEAE DEEA Diethylaminoethanol Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)- [ACD/Index Name] KK5075000 N,N-DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE S6DL4M053U (2-HYDROXYETHYL)DIETHYLAMINE (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL 1-(Diethylamino)ethanol 2-(Diethylamino)-ethanol 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl cellulose 2-(DIETHYLAMONO)ETHANOL 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol 2-Diethylamino 2-diethylamino-ethanol 2-Diethylaminoethanol, 9CI 2-N-(Diethylamino)ethanol 2-N-Diethylaminoethanol 32954-58-8 [RN] 64346-24-3 [RN] 9013-34-7 [RN] DEAE|2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHAN-1-OL Dehydasal Di??thylamino??thanol Diaethylaminoaethanol Diaethylaminoaethanol [German] Diaethylaminoaethanol(german) Diethyl ethanolamine Diethyl ethanolamine;Diethylaminoethanol;2-Hydroxytriethylamine Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine Diethylamino ethanol Diethylamlnoethanol DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE Diethylmonoethanolamine ETHANOL,2-DIETHYLAMINO ipomeanol N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine N-(Diethylamino)ethanol N, N-Diethylethanolamine N,N-DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine N,N-Diethylaminoethanol N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine N,N-Diethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Diethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine N-Diethylaminoethanol Pennad 150 Perdilaton Q2N2 & 2 [WLN] UN 2686 UNII:S6DL4M053U UNII-S6DL4M053U β-(Diethylamino)ethanol β-(Diethylamino)ethanol β-(diethylamino)ethyl alcohol β-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol β-Diethylaminoethanol β-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol β-hydroxytriethylamine β-Hydroxytriethylamine

DIETHYL SEBACATE, N° CAS : 110-40-7, Nom INCI : DIETHYL SEBACATE, Nom chimique : Diethyl sebacate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-764-5. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée.Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

DIETHYL TOLUAMIDE, N° CAS : 134-62-3 / 26545-51-7, Nom INCI : DIETHYL TOLUAMIDE, Nom chimique : N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-149-7, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent de protection de la peau : Aide à éviter les effets néfastes des facteurs externes sur la peau

Diethyl Sulfate Property of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is moisture sensitive liquid. Heating can lead to release of irritating gases and vapors. Toxicity of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and thus is genotoxic. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), as of 1999 there is not sufficient evidence for the carcinogenic properties of diethyl sulfate in humans, but there is in animals. Diethyl sulfate is classified as a Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) carcinogen by the IARC. Preparation of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol. Properties of Diethyl sulfate Chemical formula C4H10O4S Molar mass 154.18 g·mol−1 Appearance Colorless liquid Density 1.2 g/mL Melting point −25 °C (−13 °F; 248 K) Boiling point 209 °C (408 °F; 482 K) (decomposes) Solubility in water decomposes in water Vapor pressure 0.29 mm Hg Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -86.8·10−6 cm3/mol Application of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate can be used as a reactant for the synthesis of: • Biologically active compounds such as bispyrazole, pyrazolopyrimidine and pyridine containing antipyrinyl moieties. • N-substituted-2-styryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones. • Ionic liquids with pyrrolidinium, piperidinium and morpholinium cations, having potential applications as electrolytes. Diethyl sulfate can also be used as an alkylating agent to synthesize 1-alkyl/aralkyl-2-(1-arylsufonylalkyl)benzimidazoles and an ionic liquid ethylmethylimidazole ethylsulfate. Diethyl sulfate is an alkyl sulfate. Diethyl sulfate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a peppermint odor. Burns, though may be difficult to ignite. Corrosive to metals and tissue. It is a potent alkylating agent. Flash point is 104° C (219° F) [Aldrich MSDS]. Diethyl Sulfate is a colorless, corrosive, oily liquid that darkens with age and has a faint peppermint odor. Diethyl sulfate is mainly used as an ethylating agent in organic synthesis and in the dye and textile manufacturing. Exposure to this substance results in severe irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Diethyl Sulfate is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and may be associated with developing laryngeal cancer. After male CFE albino rats were administered 1 ml of a 5% (v/v) solution of diethyl sulfate in arachis oil by gavage or by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection, ethylmercapturic acid and a sulfoxide were identified as metabolites. Uses of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent, and also as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in some sulfonations. Diethyl sulfate is also a chemical intermediate for ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols, and as an alkylating agent. Diethyl sulfate is available as a technical grade product that contains 99.5% active ingredient or as a laboratory chemical with a purity of 95% to >98%. An analytical method for the determination of diethyl sulfate in air has been developed /using/ gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. Hazards Summary of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate. No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of diethyl sulfate in humans. In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate. In one study, rats orally exposed to diethyl sulfate developed tumors in the forestomach. EPA has not classified diethyl sulfate with respect to potential carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen. The presence of moisture in a metal container of diethyl sulfate caused formation of sulfuric acid which reacted with the metal to release hydrogen which pressurized and exploded the container. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Diethyl sulfate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Diethyl sulfate is included on this list. National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Diethyl sulfate (64-67-5) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. Evidence for Carcinogenicity Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in humans of diethyl sulfate. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of diethyl sulfate in experimental animals. Diethyl sulfate is probably carcinogenic to humans (2A). In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into account diethyl sulfate is a strong direct alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and that as a result, it is genotoxic in virtually all test systems examined including potent effects in somatic and germ cells of mammals exposed in vivo. Diethyl sulfate: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. In a historical cohort study of process workers, chemical mechanics, and refinery workers at a factory manufacturing isopropyl alcohol and ethanol by the strong acid process, a process which produces high concns of diethyl sulfate, excess mortality from upper respiratory (laryngeal) cancer was found among process workers. Diethyl sulfate induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in pollen of petunia hybrida. It induced chromosomal aberrations in meiotic cells and chlorophyll mutations in rice, ring chromosomes in Allium sativum root tips and anaphase and telophase aberrations in Papaver somniferum root meristemic cells. The dermal carcinogenicity of diethyl sulfate was evaluated in a group of 40 C3H/HeJ male mice painted 3 times/week for their lifespan on the skin of the back, with undiluted diethyl sulfate at an average dose of 0.0074 g/mouse/application. A negative control group of 40 animals was exposed to 0.0126 g acetone/mouse/application in the same manner as the treated group. All the treated mice were dead after 23 months of the study, 11 after 18 months, and 27 after one year. The first skin neoplasm was observed after 12 months of treatment, with a total of 21 animals developing malignant skin neoplasms. The total cancer incidence was 87.5% and the median latent periods for appearance of neoplasms and cancer were 15.7 and 16.2 months, respectively. No skin tumors were observed in the control group. The mutagenicity of diethyl sulfate was evaluated in the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Mutation test, both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Based on the results of preliminary toxicity determinations, diethyl sulfate, diluted with DMSO, was tested for mutagenicity at ranges of concentrations of 2.5-40x10(-3)% and 5-80x10(-3)% (v/v in DMSO) in the presence and absence of activation, respectively. All concentrations of diethyl sulfate tested caused a positive response in the tests both with and without activation. The ability of diethyl sulfate to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was evaluated in the absence of added metabolic activation. Based on preliminary toxicity tests, diethyl sulfate, diluted with DMSO, was tested at concentrations of 0, 0.00125, 0.0025, 0.0050, 0.010 or 0.020 % (v/v). A total of 15 cells/dose level were examined in all but the highest dose level tested since this dose level was toxic to the cells. There were statistically significant increases observed in the numbers of SCE/cell and SCE/chromosome relative to negative controls at concentrations of 0.0050 and 0.010% (p < 0.001, Student's t-test). A positive dose-response relationship was observed. The ability of diethyl sulfate to cause an increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat liver cells was evaluated. Based on preliminary toxicity tests, diethyl sulfate, diluted in DMSO, was tested at concentrations of 0, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.003, 0.010, 0.030 or 0.100% (v/v). Cells were treated with test article for 2 hrs. Statistically significant increases in DNA synthesis relative to negative controls were observed at all tested concentrations using both values for radioactivity incorporation into either nuclei or DNA (p < 0.05 for concentrations of 0.001 and 0.100% and p < 0.001 for the remaining concentrations). A linear dose-response pattern was not observed although the cumulative responses observed over a wide range of concentrations suggested a significant biological effect. Diethyl sulfate's production and use as an ethylating agent for a wide variety of organic functional groups may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.212 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Diethyl sulfate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Diethyl sulfate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 days. Diethyl sulfate is also degraded in the atmosphere by water and moisture and the half-life for this reaction is less than 1 day. If released to soil, Diethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly in moist soils. Adsorption, biodegradation, and volatilization from soil are not expected to be important fate processes because hydrolysis occurs rapidly. If released into water, Diethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze with an estimated half-life of 1.7 hours; ethanol and sulfuric acid have been identified as hydrolysis products. Volatilization, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems because of the rapid rate of hydrolysis. Occupational exposure to Diethyl sulfate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Diethyl sulfate is produced or used in the synthesis of a variety of intermediates and products. Diethyl sulfate's production and use as an ethylating agent for a wide variety of organic functional groups(1-3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to water, Diethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly. A hydrolysis rate constant of 1.15X10-4/sec at 25 °C translates to a half-life of 1.7 hours at pH 7. The rate of hydrolysis will increase in both acidic and basic waters as the reaction is catalyzed under these conditions. Volatilization from water surfaces, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems because of hydrolysis. According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Diethyl sulfate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.212 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Diethyl sulfate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-lives for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 9 days, calculated from its rate constant of 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C. Diethyl sulfate also reacts rapidly with water in the atmosphere, with an estimated half-life of <1 day. Diethyl sulfate, present at 100 mg/l, achieved 89% of its theoretical BOD after 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Diethyl sulfate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Experimental rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of Diethyl sulfate with ozone, <3.4X10-21 cu cm/mol-sec; ammonia, <1.4X10-21 cu cm/mol-sec; and water, <2.3X10-23 cu cm/mol-sec translate to atmospheric lifetimes of >12 yr, >9 yr, and <1 day, respectively. A measured hydrolysis rate constant of 1.15X10-4/sec for Diethyl sulfate in water at 25 °C translates to a half-life of 1.7 hrs at pH 7. The reaction is catalyzed under both acidic and basic conditions forming sulfuric acid and free ethanol. Based upon the rapid rate of hydrolysis for Diethyl sulfate in aqueous environments, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low. In 1989, total land releases of Diethyl sulfate in the US were estimated at approximately 114 kg and total air emissions were estimated as approximately 4 tons from 28 locations. Diethyl sulfate was qualitatively detected in the atmosphere of the Netherlands. In 1989, total air emissions of Diethyl sulfate in the U.S. were estimated at approximately 4 tons from 28 locations. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,261 workers (164 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Diethyl sulfate in the US. Occupational exposure to Diethyl sulfate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Diethyl sulfate is produced or used. About Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 tonnes per annum. Diethyl sulfate is used at industrial sites. Consumer Uses of Diethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Article service life of Diethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Diethyl sulfate. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Formulation or re-packing of Diethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Uses at industrial sites of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is used in the following products: polymers. Diethyl sulfate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). Diethyl sulfate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Release to the environment of Diethyl sulfate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates). Manufacture of Diethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Diethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. 1.1 Exposure data Diethyl sulfate is manufactured from ethylene and sulfuric acid. It is used principally as an intermediate (ethylating agent) in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and textile chemicals, and as a finishing agent in textile production. It is an obligatory intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the preparation of synthetic ethanol from ethylene. No data were available on levels of occupational exposure to diethyl sulfate. 1.2 Human carcinogenicity data One cohort study at a US isopropanol and ethanol manufacturing plant revealed an increased risk for laryngeal cancer. A subsequent case-control study nested in an expanded cohort at this plant indicated that the increased risk was related to exposure to sulfuric acid; the risk persisted even after exclusion of workers in the ethanol and isopropanol units. A cohort study from two US plants producing ethanol and isopropanol suggested an increased risk for cancers of the larynx, buccal cavity and pharynx, but not of the lung, in strong-acid workers. An association between estimated exposure to diethyl sulfate and risk for brain tumour was suggested in a study of workers at a US petrochemical plant. No measurement of exposure diethyl sulfate was available for the industrial processes investigated in the epidemiological studies. It is therefore difficult to assess the contribution of diethyl sulfate to the increased cancer risks. Furthermore, exposure to mists and vapours from strong inorganic acids, primarily sulfuric acid, may play a role in increasing these risks. 1.3 Animal carcinogenicity data Diethyl sulfate was tested for carcinogenicity by oral and subcutaneous administration in one strain of rats. After subcutaneous administration, a high incidence of malignant tumours occurred at the injection site. Following oral gavage of diethyl sulfate, forestomach tumours were observed. A low incidence of malignant tumours of the nervous system was observed in the same strain of rats after prenatal exposure. 1.4 Other relevant data Diethyl sulfate induced specific locus mutations in mouse germ-line cells. It was clastogenic in mice and newts, induced DNA damage in mice and rats and ethylated DNA in mice. Diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation in cultured human lymphocytes. It induced alkali-labile sites in cultured human leukocytes in one study. In cultured mammalian cells, diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchange, forward mutation and DNA single-strand breaks; it also induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. In single studies, diethyl sulfate did not induce aneuploidy or reciprocal translocation in Drosophila melanogaster but did induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations and genetic crossing-over. In plant cells, diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations, mutation and unscheduled DNA synthesis. It induced reverse mutation and mitotic recombination in yeast. Diethyl sulfate induced mutation and DNA damage in bacteria. 1.5 Evaluation There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in humans of diethyl sulfate. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity in experimental animals of diethyl sulfate. Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA. As a result, it is genotoxic in virtually all test systems examined including induction of potent effects in somatic and germ cells of mammals exposed in vivo. Hazard Summary of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate. No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of diethyl sulfate in humans. In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate. In one study, rats orally exposed to diethyl sulfate developed tumors in the forestomach. EPA has not classified diethyl sulfate with respect to potential carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen. Uses of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is primarily used as an ethylating agent, and also as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene and in some sulfonations. Diethyl sulfate is also a chemical intermediate for ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols, and as an alkylating agent. Sources and Potential Exposure of Diethyl sulfate The most probable routes of exposure to diethyl sulfate are by dermal contact or inhalation during its production or use. Individuals may also be exposed to diethyl sulfate in the ambient environment from fugitive emissions. Physical Properties of Diethyl sulfate The chemical formula for diethyl sulfate is C4H10O4S, and its molecular weight is 154.19 g/mol. Diethyl sulfate occurs as a colorless, oily liquid that darkens with age and is practically insoluble with water. Diethyl sulfate has a faint ethereal or peppermint odor; the odor threshold has not been established. The vapor pressure for diethyl sulfate is 0.29 mm Hg at 25 °C, and its log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) is 1.14. Diethyl sulfate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint- like odor, which darkens with age (Budavari, 1996). It is miscible with alcohol and ether (O'Neil, 2006). At higher temperatures, DES rapidly decomposes into monoethyl sulfate and alcohol (NTP, 2011). Uses of Diethyl sulfate The primary use of diethyl sulfate is as a chemical intermediate (ethylating agent) in synthesis of ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; and in some sulfonation processes. It is used to manufacture dyes, pigments, carbonless paper, and textiles. It is an intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the preparation of synthetic ethanol from ethylene. Smaller quantities are used in household products, cosmetics, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and laboratory reagents (IARC 1992, 1999, HSDB 2009). In 1966, it was used as a mutagen to create the Luther variety of barley (IARC 1974). Uses As an ethylating agent; as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene; intermediate in the production by one method of ethyl alcohol from ethylene and sulfuric acid Preparation of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is produced from ethanol and sulfuric acid, from ethylene and sulfuric acid, or from diethyl ether and fuming sulfuric acid (Budavari, 1996). General Description of Diethyl sulfate A clear colorless liquid with a peppermint odor. Burns, though may be difficult to ignite. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Reactivity Profile of Diethyl sulfate The presence of moisture in a metal container of Diethyl sulfate caused the formation of sulfuric acid which reacts with the metal to release hydrogen which pressurized and exploded the container. Carcinogenicity of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenbased on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. History of Diethyl sulfate Diethyl sulfate was studied contemporaneously with ether by German alchemist August Siegmund Frobenius in 1730, subsequently by French chemists Fourcroy in 1797 and Gay-Lussac in 1815. Swiss scientist Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure also studied it in 1807. In 1827, French chemist and pharmacist Félix-Polydore Boullay (1806-1835) along with Jean-Baptiste André Dumas noted the role of Diethyl sulfate in the preparation of diethyl ether from sulfuric acid and ethanol. Further studies by the German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich and the Swedish chemist Jöns Berzelius suggested sulfuric acid was acting as a catalyst, this eventually led to the discovery of sulfovinic acid as an intermediate in the process. The advent of electrochemistry by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta and English chemist Humphry Davy in the 1800s confirmed ether and water were formed by the reaction of sub-stoichiometric amounts of sulfuric acid on ethanol and that sulfovinic acid was formed as an intermediate in the reaction. Production of Diethyl sulfate Ethanol was produced primarily by the sulfuric acid hydration process in which ethylene is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce Diethyl sulfate followed by hydrolysis, but this method has been mostly replaced by direct hydration of ethylene. Diethyl sulfate can be produced in a laboratory setting by reacting ethanol with sulfuric acid under a gentle boil, while keeping the reaction below 140 °C. The sulfuric acid must be added dropwise or the reaction must be actively cooled because the reaction itself is highly exothermic. CH3CH2OH + H2SO4 → CH3-CH2-O-SO3H + H2O If the temperature exceeds 140 °C, the Diethyl sulfate product tends to react with residual ethanol starting material, producing diethyl ether. If the temperature exceeds 170 °C in a considerable excess of sulfuric acid, the Diethyl sulfate breaks down into ethylene and sulfuric acid. Reactions of Diethyl sulfate The mechanism of the formation of Diethyl sulfate, diethyl ether, and ethylene is based on the reaction between ethanol and sulfuric acid, which involves protonation of the ethanolic oxygen to form the[vague] oxonium ion. Diethyl sulfate accumulates in hair after chronic alcohol consumption and its detection can be used as a biomarker for alcohol consumption. Salts Diethyl sulfate can exist in salt forms, such as sodium Diethyl sulfate, potassium Diethyl sulfate, and calcium Diethyl sulfate. The salt can be formed by adding the according carbonate, or bicarbonate salt. As an example, Diethyl sulfate and potassium carbonate forms potassium Diethyl sulfate and potassium bicarbonate. Ethyl glucuronide and diethyl sulfate are minor metabolites of alcohol that are found in various body fluids and also in human hair. Ethyl glucuronide is formed by the direct conjugation of ethanol and glucuronic acid through the action of a liver enzyme. Diethyl sulfate is formed directly by the conjugation of ethanol with a sulfate group. These compounds are water soluble and can be used as direct alcohol biomarkers. Fatty acid ethyl esters are also direct markers of alcohol abuse because they are formed due to the chemical reaction between fatty acids and alcohol. Fatty acid ethyl esters are formed primarily in the liver and pancreas and then are released into the circulation. These compounds are also incorporated into hair follicles through sebum and can be used as a biomarker of alcohol abuse.

SYNONYMS Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, Hexyl 2-[4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]benzoate CAS NO:302776-68-7

Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Dietilaminoetanol; 2-Diéthylaminoéthanol; 2-Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Hydroxytriethylamine; 2-N,N-diethylaminoethanol; beta-diethylaminoethanol; beta-hydroxytriethylamine; diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Diethylaminoethanol; Diethylethanolamine; DEAE; N-diethylaminoethanol; N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanolamine; N,N-diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) Amine CAS NO:100-37-8

DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties colourless liquid Physical properties Colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 50 μg/m3 (11 ppbv) and 190 μg/m3 (40 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Uses Water-soluble salts; textile softeners; antirust formulations; fatty acid derivatives; pharmaceuticals; curing agent for resins; emulsifying agents in acid media; organic synthesis. Uses Anticorrosive agent; chemical intermediate for the production of emulsifiers, detergents, solubilizers, cosmetics, drugs, and textile finishing agents Definition ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups. Production Methods 2-Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a tertiary amine produced by reaction of ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorhydrin and diethylamine (RTECS 1988). Itokazu (1987) has modified this process for manufacture of DEAE without eventual discoloration. Production in this country exceeds 2866 pounds per year (HSDB 1988). General Description A colorless liquid. Flash point 103-140°F. Less dense than water . Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Air & Water Reactions Flammable. Soluble in water. Diethylaminoethanol is sensitive to moisture. Slowly hydrolyzes. Reactivity Profile Diethylaminoethanol is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Diethylaminoethanol can react with strong oxidizers and acids. Carcinogenicity DEAE was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for 2- diethylaminoethanol is 2 ppm (9.6mg/m3) with a notation for skin absorption. Environmental Fate DEAE, when compared with other amino alcohols, was observed to be biologically undecomposable in an experiment using activated sludge (HSDB 1988). Metabolism The absorption of DEAE (administered orally as DEAE acid malate or 'Cerebrol') in healthy adult rats is very rapid, reaching a peak plasma level in 30 min (Bismut et al 1986). The biological half-life is 3.5 h with 39% of the excreted product appearing in the urine after 48 h (Bismut et al 1986). In an earlier study, Schulte et al (1972) demonstrated that in rats, following a single oral dose, excretion occurs mainly through the kidneys with 37-59% being eliminated in the first 24 h. After 48 h, elimination was independent of dose. The brain and spinal cord showed the highest concentration after 7 d. Metabolites produced were observed to be diethylaminoethanol N-oxide, diethylaminoacetic acid, and ethylaminoethanol. Diethylaminoethanol Preparation Products And Raw materials ChEBI Ontology Outgoing 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) has functional parent ethanolamine (CHEBI:16000) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) has parent hydride triethylamine (CHEBI:35026) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a ethanolamines (CHEBI:23981) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a primary alcohol (CHEBI:15734) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a tertiary amino compound (CHEBI:50996) Incoming chloroprocaine (CHEBI:3636) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) dicyclomine (CHEBI:4514) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) oxybuprocaine (CHEBI:309594) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) procaine (CHEBI:8430) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) Human Health 2-Diethylaminoethanol was rapidly absorbed via the oral route. It is presumably absorbed by dermal and inhalation routes of administration. In the rat it was widely distributed to many tissues. It was primarily excreted unchanged via the urine in rats. Excretion via the feces was also observed in rats, but to a lesser extent. Urinary excretion was also reported in humans. The major metabolites in rats were reported to be diethylaminoacetic acid and diethyl-(2- hydroxyethyl)-amino-oxide. The LD50 for the rat after oral administration was 1320 mg/kg bw. The main clinical signs described were apathy and dyspnea. After inhalation of vapors of 2-diethylaminoethanol an LC50 of ca. 4600 mg/m3/4 hour was estimated in rats using Haber’s rule. Severe signs of irritation were observed, e.g. mucous membrane irritation and dyspnea. A dermal LD50 in guinea pigs was reported to be ca. 885 mg/kg bw. 2-Diethylaminoethanol was corrosive to the skin of rabbits; since the pH was measured to be 11.5 (100 g/l) at 20°C, the corrosive effects are not surprising. The potential for severe damage to the eyes can be expected based on the animal studies available and on the pH. 2-Diethylaminoethanol was not sensitizing to the skin in studies with guinea pigs. Repeated exposure of rats to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapors (up to 365 mg/m3) for 14 weeks caused local toxicity (irritation) at the site of contact, namely, the upper respiratory tract and the eyes; however, systemic toxicity was not observed (NOAEC, systemic toxicity, 365 mg/m3 or 76 ppm). After inhalation exposure, the main symptom described was respiratory irritation which led to noises called rales and irritation of the eyes. The LOAEC for local toxicity (irritation) to the respiratory tract was 120 mg/m3 (25 ppm) and the NOAEC for local toxicity was 53 mg/m3 (10 ppm) based on histopathological effects in the nasal cavity. However, since an effect (rales) was seen at the lowest concentration a NOEC was not reached. 2-Diethylaminoethanol gave no evidence of in vitro mutagenic activity nor in vivo clastogenic potential. Repeated exposure of rats to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapors (365 mg/m3) for 14 weeks did not cause any adverse effects on the reproductive organs when administered by inhalation. In pregnant rats even the highest concentration tested of 486 mg/m3, which already produced maternally toxic effects, did not lead to adverse developmental effects. In a limited study, 2-diethylaminoethanol was not carcinogenic to rats when given by feed (tested up to ca. 50-400 mg/kg/d). An odor threshold of 0.011 ppm (approx. 0.053 mg/mg3) has been reported. In a laboratory worker short-time exposure to approx. 100 ppm (480 mg/m3) 2-diethylaminoethanol caused nausea and vomiting. Subjects exposed to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapor by humidified air in office buildings complained about eye, nose and throat irritation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Also several cases of asthma were observed. However, these symptoms were more consistent with reactive airway dysfunction syndrome than with an allergic respiratory reaction. In one case detectable amounts of 2-diethylaminoethanol were 0.05 and 0.04 mg/m3. Environment 2-diethylaminoethanol is a colourless – light yellowish organic liquid. The hygroscopic substance is miscible with water in all proportions, has a vapor pressure of about 1.8 hPa at 20 °C. The density is 0.885 g/cm³. Melting point and boiling point are – 68 °C and 162-163 °C (at 1013 hPa) respectively. The distribution of the substance between the compartments of air, biota, sediment, soil and water was calculated according to Mackay Level I. The non-charged molecule distributes mainly to the water (99.1 %). A soil adsorption coefficient (KOC) of 5.98 was estimated for 2-diethylaminoethanol (DEAE). This Koc value suggests that this compound would be mobile in soil and adsorption to suspended solids would not be important. From the pKa-value of 9.87 it can be assumed that under environmental conditions the substance is available as a cation. Therefore, binding of the substance to the matrix of soils with high capacities for cation exchange (e.g. clay) cannot be excluded. However, no data was available for ionic-ionic interactions in soil. The calculated Henry’s law constant (3.16*10-4 Pa m³ mol-1 at 25 °C) and complete water solubility of 2-diethylaminoethanol suggest that volatilization from water would not be an important fate process. The substance has no considerable potential for bioaccumulation (logKow = 0.21, measured). The compound is readily biodegradable (OECD 301 A, 95% after 22 days 10d-window fulfilled). The EC20 (30 min) for activated sludge was determined to be >1000 mg/l. The photodegradation rate in the atmosphere is fast under environmental conditions (50% after 3.9 hours). The following aquatic effect concentrations are available: Leuciscus idus LC50 (96 h) = 147 mg/l (nominal concentration). The toxic effect may be (partly) due to the high pH of the non-neutralized test solutions, since the pH adjusted 1000 mg/l dose group tolerated the substance for 96 h without mortality. Pimephales promelas LC50(96 h) = 1780 mg/l (measured concentration, adjustment of pH) Daphnia magna: EC50 (48 h) = 83.6 mg/l (nominal concentration) (toxicity due to pH effects cannot be excluded) Daphnia magna EC50 (48 h) = 165 mg/l (nominal concentration, adjustment of pH) Scenedesmus subspicatus: ErC50 = 44 mg/l, with a NOEC of 5 mg/l (corresponding values for biomass are 30 and 5 mg/l respectively; nominal concentration). Using the aquatic toxic effect on the most sensitive species, Scenedesmus subspicatus, of 44 mg/l for the endpoint growth rate (30 mg/l endpoint biomass) a PNECaqua of 44 µg/l is derived by applying an assessment factor of 1000. This factor is justified, because only short-term toxicity values were available. The following terrestrial effect concentration was reported: Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivar "Indianapolis white" EC50 (22 d) = 0.12 mg/l (in the nutrient solution; endpoint: chlorosis; nominal concentration). However, no PNECsoil can be derived from this result as no soil concentration is given. Exposure The production volume of this chemical at BASF, Germany, was more than 1000 tons in 2000. No information about the worldwide production volume is available. The organic compound is used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and as a catalyst in the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry. It is also used as a pH stabilizer. According to Swiss, Danish and Swedish Products Registers and the Hazardous Substances Data Bank, 2-diethylaminoethanol is contained in a large number of products. Some of them may be available to consumers. Releases into the environment are likely to occur during the production and processing of 2-diethylaminoethanol as an intermediate, as well as from the use of the substance itself and use of products containing the substance. Assuming worst case conditions, less than 9.5 kg of 2-diethylaminoethanol per day were released into the Rhine from an industrial site. During production and internal processing, less than 25 kg/a were emitted into the air from the same production site. From the reported use in consumer products, it can be concluded that most of the 2- diethylaminoethanol is released into wastewater, but part of it may also be released into the atmosphere. 2-Diethylaminoethanol has been reported to be readily absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract in humans and rats (Rosenberg et al, 1949; Schulte et al., 1972). On the basis of the physico-chemical properties of a saturated aqueous 2-diethylaminoethanol solution, a skin penetration rate of 3.44 mg/cm2 per hour was estimated for human skin, and therefore, the resulting body burden from exposure to 5 ml/m3 (the current MAK value) of 2-diethylaminoethalol by inhalation for 8 hours could potentially be increased by an additional three-fold factor via dermal absorption (FiserovaBergerova et al., 1990). However, this model was suspected to be too conservative and likely to overestimate percutaneous penetration (Guy and Russell, 1993). Absorption via inhalation has been mentioned (Toren, 1994), but the primary literature was not available for an assessment. In a limited study with humans (Rosenberg et al, 1949), the plasma concentration peaked 3 hours after an oral administration of 5.6 g of 2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl, but was almost undetectable after 8 hours. About 25 % of the 2-diethylaminoethanol was excreted unchanged in the urine within 48 hours. Similar excretion results were observed after intravenous administration. In the same publication it was reported that 2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl given to dogs by intravenous infusion (71 mg/kg bw) , distributed rapidly. Three hours after infusion the level of 2-diethylaminoethanol was higher in the tissues examined (muscle, heart, brain, lung, liver and spleen) than in the plasma. In a gavage study with rats (Schulte et al., 1972), 14C-labeled-2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl was reported to be rapidly absorbed into the blood stream (with a dose of 68 mg/kg the maximum concentration in the blood was reached in 30 minutes and with 679 mg/kg it was reached within 1 hour). Elimination occurred primarily via the kidney. Elimination via exhalation and the feces played only minor role. The kinetics of urinary elimination was affected by the dose. In this regard, by 6 hours after the application of a 679 mg/kg bw dose 40 % was eliminated in the urine, and by 24 hours after application 58.5% was eliminated. When a 68 mg/kg dose was given, then after 6 and 24 hours 17.5 % and 37.4% were excreted via the urine, respectively. In the experiment with 679mg/kg 2-diethylaminoethanol, 90 % of the test substance had been eliminated via the urine 10 days after treatment. Some radioactivity was still detectable in the urine 40 days after treatment. 2- Diethylaminoethanol was predominantly (> 60 %) excreted unchanged over the first 96 hours. In the same period, the following metabolites were seen based on the recovery of radioactive compounds: 2-ethylaminoethanol (ca. 1 %), phosphoric acid-mono-(2-diethylaminoethylester) (2- 8 %), diethylaminoacetic acid (ca. 10 %) and the N-oxide of 2-diethylaminoethanol (ca. 15 - 19 %). Incorporation into phospholipids was observed. In this study, autoradiography indicated that 2- diethylaminoethanol was widely distributed throughout the body after gavaging. 2- Diethylaminoethanol was concentrated in the liver, reaching a maximum at 7 hours, but thereafter, it decreased. Initially, the central nervous system showed very low levels of activity, but by day 7 it had increased. For the oral dose of 679 mg/kg the biological half-life was 19 hours and for the 67.9mg/kg dose it was 36 hours. In a separate study 14C-labeled-2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl was given to rats by intravenous injection at doses of 2.9 µmol/rat (ca. 1.94 mg/kg bw) (Michelot et al., 1981). Cumulative excretion of 19.9 and 42.2% of the radioactivity in the urine was observed after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Additionally, 8.5 and 29.5% of the radioactivity was excreted via the feces during the same time interval. Excretion via the bile was only measured over the first 6 hours, and was reported to be 5 %. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical synonyms: 2-Diethylaminoethanol; N,N-diethylethanolamine; 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol; Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-; DEAE Product description Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a clear liquid. It is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc. Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is used as neutralizing agent and CO2 scavenger in boiler water. The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of DEAE make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water. Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, DEAE is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants. Diethylaminoethanol Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Chemical Properties colourless liquid Physical properties Colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 50 μg/m3 (11 ppbv) and 190 μg/m3 (40 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Uses Water-soluble salts; textile softeners; antirust formulations; fatty acid derivatives; pharmaceuticals; curing agent for resins; emulsifying agents in acid media; organic synthesis. Uses Anticorrosive agent; chemical intermediate for the production of emulsifiers, detergents, solubilizers, cosmetics, drugs, and textile finishing agents Definition ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups. Production Methods 2-Diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) is a tertiary amine produced by reaction of ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorhydrin and diethylamine (RTECS 1988). Itokazu (1987) has modified this process for manufacture of DEAE without eventual discoloration. Production in this country exceeds 2866 pounds per year (HSDB 1988). General Description A colorless liquid. Flash point 103-140°F. Less dense than water . Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Air & Water Reactions Flammable. Soluble in water. Diethylaminoethanol is sensitive to moisture. Slowly hydrolyzes. Reactivity Profile Diethylaminoethanol is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Diethylaminoethanol can react with strong oxidizers and acids. Carcinogenicity DEAE was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for 2- diethylaminoethanol is 2 ppm (9.6mg/m3) with a notation for skin absorption. Environmental Fate DEAE, when compared with other amino alcohols, was observed to be biologically undecomposable in an experiment using activated sludge (HSDB 1988). Metabolism The absorption of DEAE (administered orally as DEAE acid malate or 'Cerebrol') in healthy adult rats is very rapid, reaching a peak plasma level in 30 min (Bismut et al 1986). The biological half-life is 3.5 h with 39% of the excreted product appearing in the urine after 48 h (Bismut et al 1986). In an earlier study, Schulte et al (1972) demonstrated that in rats, following a single oral dose, excretion occurs mainly through the kidneys with 37-59% being eliminated in the first 24 h. After 48 h, elimination was independent of dose. The brain and spinal cord showed the highest concentration after 7 d. Metabolites produced were observed to be diethylaminoethanol N-oxide, diethylaminoacetic acid, and ethylaminoethanol. Diethylaminoethanol Preparation Products And Raw materials ChEBI Ontology Outgoing 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) has functional parent ethanolamine (CHEBI:16000) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) has parent hydride triethylamine (CHEBI:35026) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a ethanolamines (CHEBI:23981) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a primary alcohol (CHEBI:15734) 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) is a tertiary amino compound (CHEBI:50996) Incoming chloroprocaine (CHEBI:3636) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) dicyclomine (CHEBI:4514) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) oxybuprocaine (CHEBI:309594) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) procaine (CHEBI:8430) has functional parent 2-diethylaminoethanol (CHEBI:52153) Human Health 2-Diethylaminoethanol was rapidly absorbed via the oral route. It is presumably absorbed by dermal and inhalation routes of administration. In the rat it was widely distributed to many tissues. It was primarily excreted unchanged via the urine in rats. Excretion via the feces was also observed in rats, but to a lesser extent. Urinary excretion was also reported in humans. The major metabolites in rats were reported to be diethylaminoacetic acid and diethyl-(2- hydroxyethyl)-amino-oxide. The LD50 for the rat after oral administration was 1320 mg/kg bw. The main clinical signs described were apathy and dyspnea. After inhalation of vapors of 2-diethylaminoethanol an LC50 of ca. 4600 mg/m3/4 hour was estimated in rats using Haber’s rule. Severe signs of irritation were observed, e.g. mucous membrane irritation and dyspnea. A dermal LD50 in guinea pigs was reported to be ca. 885 mg/kg bw. 2-Diethylaminoethanol was corrosive to the skin of rabbits; since the pH was measured to be 11.5 (100 g/l) at 20°C, the corrosive effects are not surprising. The potential for severe damage to the eyes can be expected based on the animal studies available and on the pH. 2-Diethylaminoethanol was not sensitizing to the skin in studies with guinea pigs. Repeated exposure of rats to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapors (up to 365 mg/m3) for 14 weeks caused local toxicity (irritation) at the site of contact, namely, the upper respiratory tract and the eyes; however, systemic toxicity was not observed (NOAEC, systemic toxicity, 365 mg/m3 or 76 ppm). After inhalation exposure, the main symptom described was respiratory irritation which led to noises called rales and irritation of the eyes. The LOAEC for local toxicity (irritation) to the respiratory tract was 120 mg/m3 (25 ppm) and the NOAEC for local toxicity was 53 mg/m3 (10 ppm) based on histopathological effects in the nasal cavity. However, since an effect (rales) was seen at the lowest concentration a NOEC was not reached. 2-Diethylaminoethanol gave no evidence of in vitro mutagenic activity nor in vivo clastogenic potential. Repeated exposure of rats to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapors (365 mg/m3) for 14 weeks did not cause any adverse effects on the reproductive organs when administered by inhalation. In pregnant rats even the highest concentration tested of 486 mg/m3, which already produced maternally toxic effects, did not lead to adverse developmental effects. In a limited study, 2-diethylaminoethanol was not carcinogenic to rats when given by feed (tested up to ca. 50-400 mg/kg/d). An odor threshold of 0.011 ppm (approx. 0.053 mg/mg3) has been reported. In a laboratory worker short-time exposure to approx. 100 ppm (480 mg/m3) 2-diethylaminoethanol caused nausea and vomiting. Subjects exposed to 2-diethylaminoethanol vapor by humidified air in office buildings complained about eye, nose and throat irritation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Also several cases of asthma were observed. However, these symptoms were more consistent with reactive airway dysfunction syndrome than with an allergic respiratory reaction. In one case detectable amounts of 2-diethylaminoethanol were 0.05 and 0.04 mg/m3. Environment 2-diethylaminoethanol is a colourless – light yellowish organic liquid. The hygroscopic substance is miscible with water in all proportions, has a vapor pressure of about 1.8 hPa at 20 °C. The density is 0.885 g/cm³. Melting point and boiling point are – 68 °C and 162-163 °C (at 1013 hPa) respectively. The distribution of the substance between the compartments of air, biota, sediment, soil and water was calculated according to Mackay Level I. The non-charged molecule distributes mainly to the water (99.1 %). A soil adsorption coefficient (KOC) of 5.98 was estimated for 2-diethylaminoethanol (DEAE). This Koc value suggests that this compound would be mobile in soil and adsorption to suspended solids would not be important. From the pKa-value of 9.87 it can be assumed that under environmental conditions the substance is available as a cation. Therefore, binding of the substance to the matrix of soils with high capacities for cation exchange (e.g. clay) cannot be excluded. However, no data was available for ionic-ionic interactions in soil. The calculated Henry’s law constant (3.16*10-4 Pa m³ mol-1 at 25 °C) and complete water solubility of 2-diethylaminoethanol suggest that volatilization from water would not be an important fate process. The substance has no considerable potential for bioaccumulation (logKow = 0.21, measured). The compound is readily biodegradable (OECD 301 A, 95% after 22 days 10d-window fulfilled). The EC20 (30 min) for activated sludge was determined to be >1000 mg/l. The photodegradation rate in the atmosphere is fast under environmental conditions (50% after 3.9 hours). The following aquatic effect concentrations are available: Leuciscus idus LC50 (96 h) = 147 mg/l (nominal concentration). The toxic effect may be (partly) due to the high pH of the non-neutralized test solutions, since the pH adjusted 1000 mg/l dose group tolerated the substance for 96 h without mortality. Pimephales promelas LC50(96 h) = 1780 mg/l (measured concentration, adjustment of pH) Daphnia magna: EC50 (48 h) = 83.6 mg/l (nominal concentration) (toxicity due to pH effects cannot be excluded) Daphnia magna EC50 (48 h) = 165 mg/l (nominal concentration, adjustment of pH) Scenedesmus subspicatus: ErC50 = 44 mg/l, with a NOEC of 5 mg/l (corresponding values for biomass are 30 and 5 mg/l respectively; nominal concentration). Using the aquatic toxic effect on the most sensitive species, Scenedesmus subspicatus, of 44 mg/l for the endpoint growth rate (30 mg/l endpoint biomass) a PNECaqua of 44 µg/l is derived by applying an assessment factor of 1000. This factor is justified, because only short-term toxicity values were available. The following terrestrial effect concentration was reported: Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivar "Indianapolis white" EC50 (22 d) = 0.12 mg/l (in the nutrient solution; endpoint: chlorosis; nominal concentration). However, no PNECsoil can be derived from this result as no soil concentration is given. Exposure The production volume of this chemical at BASF, Germany, was more than 1000 tons in 2000. No information about the worldwide production volume is available. The organic compound is used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and as a catalyst in the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry. It is also used as a pH stabilizer. According to Swiss, Danish and Swedish Products Registers and the Hazardous Substances Data Bank, 2-diethylaminoethanol is contained in a large number of products. Some of them may be available to consumers. Releases into the environment are likely to occur during the production and processing of 2-diethylaminoethanol as an intermediate, as well as from the use of the substance itself and use of products containing the substance. Assuming worst case conditions, less than 9.5 kg of 2-diethylaminoethanol per day were released into the Rhine from an industrial site. During production and internal processing, less than 25 kg/a were emitted into the air from the same production site. From the reported use in consumer products, it can be concluded that most of the 2- diethylaminoethanol is released into wastewater, but part of it may also be released into the atmosphere. 2-Diethylaminoethanol has been reported to be readily absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract in humans and rats (Rosenberg et al, 1949; Schulte et al., 1972). On the basis of the physico-chemical properties of a saturated aqueous 2-diethylaminoethanol solution, a skin penetration rate of 3.44 mg/cm2 per hour was estimated for human skin, and therefore, the resulting body burden from exposure to 5 ml/m3 (the current MAK value) of 2-diethylaminoethalol by inhalation for 8 hours could potentially be increased by an additional three-fold factor via dermal absorption (FiserovaBergerova et al., 1990). However, this model was suspected to be too conservative and likely to overestimate percutaneous penetration (Guy and Russell, 1993). Absorption via inhalation has been mentioned (Toren, 1994), but the primary literature was not available for an assessment. In a limited study with humans (Rosenberg et al, 1949), the plasma concentration peaked 3 hours after an oral administration of 5.6 g of 2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl, but was almost undetectable after 8 hours. About 25 % of the 2-diethylaminoethanol was excreted unchanged in the urine within 48 hours. Similar excretion results were observed after intravenous administration. In the same publication it was reported that 2-diethylaminoethanol-HCl given to dogs by intravenous infusion (71 mg/kg bw) , distributed rapidly. Three hours after infusion the level of 2-diethylaminoethanol was higher in the tissues examined (muscle, heart, brain, lung, liver and spleen) than in the plasma. In a gavage study with rats (Schulte

2-(2-ETHOXYETHOXY)ETHANOL; Carbit0l; CARBITOL; CARBITOL(R); CARBITOL SOLUTION; CARBITOL(TM); DI(ETHYLENE GLYCOL)ETHYL ETHER; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER; DIGLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER; ETHOXY DIGLYCOL; ETHOXYETHOXYETHANOL; ETHYL CARBITOL; ETHYL DIGLYCOL; ETHYL DIGOL; 1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane; 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-ethano; 2-(beta-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-(beta-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol diglycol; 2-(Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol; 2,2’-oxybis-ethanomonoethylether CAS NO:111-90-0

3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether; DEG; 2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Diglycol; Dihydroxydiethyl ether; 2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether; Ethylene diglycol; 2,2'-Oxybisethanol; 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol; cas no: 111-46-6

DIETHYLHEXYL ADIPATE, N° CAS : 103-23-1, Nom INCI : DIETHYLHEXYL ADIPATE, Nom chimique : Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-090-1. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

DIETHYLHEXYL CARBONATE, N° CAS : 14858-73-2, Nom INCI : DIETHYLHEXYL CARBONATE, Nom chimique : Carbonic Acid, Bis(2- Ethylhexyl) Ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 238-925-9, Ses fonctions (INCI). Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. 14858-73-2 [RN] 238-925-9 [EINECS] Bis(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate Bis(2-ethylhexyl)carbonat [German] Carbonate de bis(2-éthylhexyle) [French] Carbonic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester [ACD/Index Name] DIETHYLHEXYL CARBONATE 150-96-9 [RN] bis-(2-Ethylhexyl) carbonate Bis(2-ethylhexyl)carbonate Carbonic acid,bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL CARBONATE

DIETHYLHEXYL MALATE, N° CAS : 56235-92-8, Nom INCI : DIETHYLHEXYL MALATE, Nom chimique : Bis(2-ethylhexyl) malate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 260-070-5, Ses fonctions (INCI), Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

DIETHYLHEXYL SEBACATE, N° CAS : 122-62-3, Nom INCI : DIETHYLHEXYL SEBACATE, Nom chimique : Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-558-8, Ses fonctions (INCI): Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée,Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Noms français : 1-HEXANOL, 2-ETHYL-, SEBACATE 2-ETHYLHEXYL SEBACATE BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) DECANEDIOATE BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SEBACATE Bis(éthyl-2 hexyl) sébacate DECANE DIOATE DECANEDIOIC ACID, BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SEBACATE DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)-SEBACATE SEBACATE DE BIS(ETHYL-2 HEXYL) SEBACIC ACID, BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER Utilisation et sources d'émission Agent plastifiant

DIETHYLHEXYL SUCCINATE, N° CAS : 2915-57-3, Nom INCI : DIETHYLHEXYL SUCCINATE, Nom chimique : Bis(2-ethylhexyl) succinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 220-836-1, Ses fonctions (INCI):Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-; cyclohexane, diisooctyl-; dioctyl cyclohexane; dioctylcyclohexane; 1,3- dioctylcyclohexane; 1,3-bis(2- ethyl hexyl) cyclohexane

Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Dietilaminoetanol; 2-Diéthylaminoéthanol; 2-Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Hydroxytriethylamine; 2-N,N-diethylaminoethanol; beta-diethylaminoethanol; beta-hydroxytriethylamine; diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Diethylaminoethanol; Diethylethanolamine; DEAE; N-diethylaminoethanol; N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanolamine; N,N-diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) Amine; cas no: 100-37-8

DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; cas no:111-40-0

N-Ethyl-N-hydroxy-Ethanamine; N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine; DEHA cas no: 3710-84-7

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; (Carboxymethylimino)bis(ethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid, N,N-Bis(2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl)glycine, DETAPAC, DTPA, Penta(carboxymethyl)diethylenetriamine, Pentetic acid cas no:67-43-6

Di(isooctadecanoic) acid, diester with oxydi(propanediol); Isooctadecanoic acid, diester with diglycerol; Isooctadecanoic acid, diester with oxybis(propenediol); Polyglyceryl-2 diisostearate; cas no: 67938-21-0

1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester; BIS(2-METHYLPROPYL)PHTHALATE; DIBP; DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE; DI-ISO-BUTYL PHTHALATE-3,4,5,6-D4; DI-ISO-BUTYL PHTHALATE-D4; PHTHALIC ACID, BIS-ISO-BUTYL ESTER; PHTHALIC ACID DIISOBUTYL ESTER; Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove; Hexaplas M/1B; Isobutyl phthalate; Kodaflex DIBP; Palatinol 1C; Palatinol IC; Uniplex 155; Diisobutyl o-phthalate; Diisobutylphthalate,99%; BIS(METHYL-PROPYL)PHTHALATE; DIISOBUTYLPHTHALATEESTER; Phthalsurediisobutylester CAS NO:84-69-5

cas no 84-75-3 DHP; Di-n-Hexyl Phthalate; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dihexyl ester; Dihexyl ester Phthalic acid; Di(n-Hexyl) Phthalate;

DIHYDROXYACETONE Dihydroxyacetone Dihydroxyacetone Names Preferred IUPAC name 1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-one Other names 1,3-Dihydroxypropanone Dihydroxyacetone DHA Glycerone Identifiers CAS Number 96-26-4 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:16016 check ChEMBL ChEMBL1229937 ☒ ChemSpider 650 check DrugBank DB01775 check ECHA InfoCard 100.002.268 EC Number 202-494-5 KEGG D07841 check PubChem CID 670 UNII O10DDW6JOO check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID0025072 Properties[1] Chemical formula C3H6O3 Molar mass 90.078 g·mol−1 Melting point 89 to 91 °C (192 to 196 °F; 362 to 364 K) Hazards[2] GHS pictograms Eye Irrit. 2 GHS Signal word Warning GHS hazard statements H319 GHS precautionary statements P264, P280, P305+351+338, P337+313 Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Dihydroxyacetone /ˌdaɪhaɪˌdrɒksiˈæsɪtoʊn/ (About this soundlisten) (DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula C 3H 6O 3. Dihydroxyacetone is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin. Chemistry Dihydroxyacetone is a hygroscopic white crystalline powder. It has a sweet cooling taste and a characteristic odor. It is the simplest of all ketoses and has no chiral center or optical activity. The normal form is a dimer (2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-diol) which is slowly soluble in one part water and 15 parts ethanol.[3] When freshly prepared, it reverts rapidly to the monomer in solution. Conversion of dihydroxyacetone dimer to monomer The monomer is very soluble in water, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone and toluene. Dihydroxyacetone may be prepared, along with glyceraldehyde, by the mild oxidation of glycerol, for example with hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt as catalyst. It can also be prepared in high yield and selectivity at room temperature from glycerol using cationic palladium-based catalysts with oxygen, air or benzoquinone acting as co-oxidants.[4][5][6] Glyceraldehyde is a structural isomer of dihydroxyacetone. Biology Its phosphorylated form, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), takes part in glycolysis, and it is an intermediate product of fructose metabolism. Uses Dihydroxyacetone was first recognized as a skin coloring agent by German scientists in the 1920s. Through its use in the X-ray process, it was noted as causing the skin surface to turn brown when spilled. In the 1950s, Eva Wittgenstein at the University of Cincinnati did further research with dihydroxyacetone.[7][8][9][10] Her studies involved using Dihydroxyacetone as an oral drug for assisting children with glycogen storage disease. The children received large doses of Dihydroxyacetone by mouth, and sometimes spat or spilled the substance onto their skin. Healthcare workers noticed that the skin turned brown after a few hours of Dihydroxyacetone exposure. Eva Wittgenstein continued to experiment with DHA, painting liquid solutions of it onto her own skin. She was able to consistently reproduce the pigmentation effect, and noted that Dihydroxyacetone did not appear to penetrate beyond the stratum corneum, or dead skin surface layer (the FDA eventually concluded this is not entirely true[11]). Research then continued on DHA's skin coloring effect in relation to treatment for patients suffering from vitiligo. This skin browning effect is non-toxic[citation needed], and is a result of a Maillard reaction. Dihydroxyacetone reacts chemically with the amino acids in the protein keratin, the major component of the skin surface. Different amino acids react to Dihydroxyacetone in different ways, producing different tones of coloration from yellow to brown. The resulting pigments are called melanoidins. These are similar in coloration to melanin, the natural substance in the deeper skin layers which brown or "tan", from exposure to UV rays. Winemaking Both acetic acid bacteria Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter oxydans use glycerol as a carbon source to form dihydroxyacetone. Dihydroxyacetone is formed by ketogenesis of glycerol.[12] It can affect the sensory quality of the wine with sweet/etherish properties. Dihydroxyacetone can also react with proline to produce a "crust-like" aroma.[12][13][14] Dihydroxyacetone can affect the anti-microbial activity in wine, as it has the ability to bind SO2.[15] Sunless tanning Coppertone introduced the first consumer sunless tanning lotion into the marketplace in the 1960s. This product was called “Quick Tan” or “QT”. It was sold as an overnight tanning agent, and other companies followed suit with similar products. Consumers soon tired of this product due to unattractive results such as orange palms, streaking and poor coloration. Because of the QT experience, many people still associate sunless tanning with fake-looking orange tans.[citation needed] In the 1970s the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added Dihydroxyacetone permanently to their list of approved cosmetic ingredients.[16] By the 1980s, new sunless tanning formulations appeared on the market and refinements in the Dihydroxyacetone manufacturing process created products that produced a more natural looking color and better fading. Consumer concerns surrounding damage associated with UV tanning options spurred further popularity of sunless tanning products as an alternative to UV tanning. Dozens of brands appeared on drugstore shelves, in numerous formulations.[citation needed] Today, Dihydroxyacetone is the main active ingredient in many sunless tanning skincare preparations. Lotion manufacturers also produce a wide variety of sunless tanning preparations that replace Dihydroxyacetone with natural bronzing agents such as black walnut shell. Dihydroxyacetone may be used alone or combined with other tanning components such as erythrulose. Dihydroxyacetone is considered the most effective sun-free tanning additive.[citation needed] Sunless tanning products contain Dihydroxyacetone in concentrations ranging from 1% to 20%. Most drugstore products range from 3% to 5%, with professional products ranging from 5% to 20%. The percentages correspond with the product coloration levels from light to dark. Lighter products are more beginner-friendly, but may require multiple coats to produce the desired color depth. Darker products produce a dark tan in one coat, but are also more prone to streaking, unevenness, or off-color tones. The artificial tan takes 2 to 4 hours to begin appearing on the skin surface, and will continue to darken for 24 to 72 hours, depending on formulation type.[citation needed] Once the darkening effect has occurred, the tan will not sweat off or wash away with soap or water. It will fade gradually over 3 to 10 days. Exfoliation, prolonged water submersion, or heavy sweating can lighten the tan, as these all contribute to rapid dead skin cell exfoliation (the dead skin cells are the tinted portion of the sunless tan).[citation needed] Current sunless tanners are formulated into sprays, lotions, gels, mousses, and cosmetic wipes. Professional applied products include spray tanning booths, airbrush tan applications, and hand applied lotions, gels, mousses and wipes.[citation needed] Dihydroxyacetone safety considerations For the 24 hours after self-tanner (containing high Dihydroxyacetone levels, ~5%) is applied, the skin is especially susceptible to free-radical damage from sunlight, according to a 2007 study led by Katinka Jung of the Gematria Test Lab in Berlin.[17] Forty minutes after the researchers treated skin samples with high levels of Dihydroxyacetone they found that more than 180 percent additional free radicals formed during sun exposure compared with untreated skin. Another self-tanner ingredient, erythrulose, produced a similar response at high levels. For a day after self-tanner application, excessive sun exposure should be avoided and sunscreen should be worn outdoors, they say; an antioxidant cream could also minimize free radical production. Although some self-tanners contain sunscreen, its effect will not last long after application, and a fake tan itself will not protect the skin from UV exposure.[citation needed] The study by Jung et al. further confirms earlier results demonstrating that dihydroxyacetone in combination with dimethylisosorbide enhances the process of (sun-based) tanning. This earlier study also found that dihydroxyacetone also has an effect on the amino acids and nucleic acids which is bad for the skin.[18] The free radicals are in part due to the action of UV light on AGE (advanced glycation end products)[citation needed] such as Amadori products (a type of AGE) as a result of the reaction of Dihydroxyacetone with the skin. AGEs are behind the damage to the skin that occurs with high blood sugar in diabetes where similar glycation occurs. Some of the damage from AGE is independent of UV light. A study showed glycation of a protein increases its free-radical production rate nearly fifty-fold.[19] Although some self-tanners contain sunscreen, its effect will not last as long as the tan. The skin browning of a sunless tan may provide some UV protection (up to SPF 3),[20][21] but this low-level protection should be supplemented with additional protection. The stated SPF for the product is only applicable for a few hours after application of the self-tanner. Despite darkening of the skin, an individual is just as susceptible to harmful UV rays, therefore an overall sun protection is still very necessary.[22] There may also be some inhibition of vitamin D production in DHA-treated skin.[23] Contact dermatitis is occasionally reported,[24] and a recent study showed that Dihydroxyacetone causes severe contact dermatitis in Mexican hairless dogs.[25] DHA-based sunless tanning has been recommended by the Skin Cancer Foundation, American Academy of Dermatology Association, Canadian Dermatology Association and the American Medical Association as a safer alternative to sun-bathing.[citation needed] The use of Dihydroxyacetone in 'tanning' booths as an all-over spray has not been approved by the FDA, since safety data to support this use has not been submitted to the agency for review and evaluation.[26] A June 2012 FDA report claims the main chemical found inside that spray - Dihydroxyacetone - is potentially hazardous when inhaled. Some of the Dihydroxyacetone if inhaled can cause damage to cells and possibly lead to cancer according to physicians.[27] An opinion[28] issued by the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, concluding spray tanning with Dihydroxyacetone did not pose risk, has been heavily criticized by specialists.[29] This is because the cosmetics industry in Europe chose the evidence to review, according to the commission itself. Thus, nearly every report the commission's eventual opinion referenced came from studies that were never published or peer-reviewed and, in the majority of cases, were performed by companies or industry groups linked to the manufacturing of DHA. The industry left out nearly all of the peer-reviewed studies published in publicly available scientific journals that identified Dihydroxyacetone as a potential mutagen. A study by scientists from the Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, published in Mutation Research has concluded Dihydroxyacetone 'induces DNA damage, cell-cycle block and apoptosis' in cultured cells.[30] More recent research has shown that Dihydroxyacetone induces stress response gene expression and signaling in reconstructed human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes, as obvious from rapid activation of phospho-protein signal transduction [p-p38, p-Hsp27(S15/S78), p-eIF2α] and gene expression changes (HSPA6, HMOX1, CRYAB, CCL3). [31] In the report released to ABC News, FDA scientists concluded that Dihydroxyacetone does not stop at the outer dead layers of skin. They wrote: "The fate of Dihydroxyacetone remaining in skin is an important issue, since high Dihydroxyacetone skin levels were found." They added that tests they performed revealed that much of the Dihydroxyacetone applied to skin actually ended up in the living layers of skin. They concluded: "This leaves about 11 percent of the applied Dihydroxyacetone dose absorbed remaining in the [living] epidermis and dermis."[11] A toxicologist and lung specialist at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine (Dr. Rey Panettieri) has commented, "The reason I'm concerned is the deposition of the tanning agents into the lungs could really facilitate or aid systemic absorption -- that is, getting into the bloodstream. These compounds in some cells could actually promote the development of cancers or malignancies, and if that's the case then we need to be wary of them. Why use fake tan? Fake tanners, sunless tanners or preparations used to imitate a tan are becoming much more popular as people are becoming more aware of the dangers of long-term sun exposure and sunburn. There are now several ways of achieving a tan without having to expose your skin to the sun, these include: Stainers (dihydroxyacetone) Bronzers (dyes) Tan accelerators (tyrosine and psoralens) Solaria (sunbeds and sunlamps) The unlicensed injectable synthetic melanotropic peptide Melanotan II. What is dihydroxyacetone? The sunless tanner dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is currently the most popular way of gaining a tan-like appearance without sun exposure as it carries fewer health risks than any of the other available methods. To date, it is the only active ingredient approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sunless tanning. How does dihydroxyacetone work? All effective sunless tanners contain DHA. It is a colourless 3-carbon sugar that when applied to the skin causes a chemical reaction with amino acids in the surface cells of the skin producing a darkening effect Dihidroksiaseton does not damage skin as it only affects the outermost cells of the epidermis (stratum corneum). What formulations of DHA are available? There are many self-tanning preparations containing DHA on the market and many will claim to be the best formulation available. Consider the following points when deciding upon the preparation most suitable for you. Concentrations of DHA can range from 2.5 to 10% or more (mostly 3-5%). This may coincide with product ranges that list shades as light, medium, or dark. A lower concentration (lighter shade) product may be better for new users as it is more forgiving of uneven application or rough surfaces. Some formulations will also contain moisturisers. Users with dry skin will benefit from this. Alcohol-based preparations will be more suitable for oily-skinned users. DHA provides some protection against UV rays (UVA). To increase UV protection some products also include a sunscreen. Alpha hydroxy acids promote the sloughing off of excess dead skin cells so should improve the evenness of colouration. Other ingredients may be added to facilitate application or to make the colour last longer. Consult your pharmacist for advice. Who should use DHA-containing preparations? Anyone wanting a tanned appearance without having to expose himself or herself to UV light can use these preparations. However, the final look will depend on the formulation used, an individual's application technique, and the user's complexion type. Clinical uses may be for vitiligo and as camouflage of some skin irregularities such as spider veins. It may provide some protection for individuals with certain photosensitivity disorders such as polymorphic light eruption, erythropoietic protoporphyria or drug-induced photosensitivity. How do you use DHA-containing preparations? The final result obtained from DHA self-tanning preparations is highly dependent upon the individual's application technique. Care, skill and experience are necessary when using these products. The following are some self-application tips to achieving a smooth and even look. Prepare skin by cleansing then by exfoliation using a loofah; this will avoid uneven application of colour. Wipe skin down with hydroalcoholic, acidic toner, as this will remove any alkaline residues from soaps or detergents that may interfere with the reaction between DHA and amino acids. Moisturise the area first, being careful to include the bony parts of the ankles, heels and knees. Apply to skin in thin layers wherever you want colour, less to thicker skin, as the colour is maintained longer in these areas. To avoid uneven darkening on areas such as the elbows, ankles and knees, remove excess cream over bony prominences with a wet cotton pad or damp flannel. Wash hands immediately after application to avoid tanned palms. Alternatively, wear gloves to apply. To avoid staining of clothes, wait 30 minutes for the product to dry before putting on clothes. Don't shave, bathe, or swim for at least an hour after applying the product. Reapply regularly to maintain colour. Tanning salons, spas and gyms may offer professional application of sunless tanning products. Lotion can be applied by an experienced technician. A solution can be airbrushed onto the body. Step into a sunless tanning booth for a uniform full-body application. Be careful to cover eyes, lips and mucous membranes to prevent swallowing or inhaling the DHA-containing mist. Is the tan instantaneous and how long does it last? A colour change is usually apparent within an hour of application. Maximal darkening may take 8-24 hours to develop. If a darker colour is desired, several successive applications every few hours may be done to achieve this. An artificial tan produced by DHA will last until the dead skin cells rub off, usually 5-7 days with a single application. Depending on the area, the same colour can be maintained with repeat applications every 1 to 4 days. What precautions are there when using DHA self-tanning preparations? The most important thing to remember when using DHA self-tanners is that they do not protect your skin against the sun. Although DHA does provide some UV protection and many products contain additional sunscreen, the UV protection provided is much more short-lived than the skin colour change. The stated SPF for the product is only applicable for a few hours after application of the self-tanner. Despite darkening of the skin, an individual is just as susceptible to harmful UV rays, therefore it must be stressed that an overall sun protection program is still very necessary. Are there any side effects of using DHA self-tanning preparations? DHA reacts quickly in the stratum corneum, minimising systemic absorption. Contact dermatitis caused by DHA has rarely been reported. Most causes of sensitivity are due to other ingredients such as preservatives in the preparation. Dihydroxyacetone is a ketotriose consisting of acetone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3. The simplest member of the class of ketoses and the parent of the class of glycerones. It has a role as a metabolite, an antifungal agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a ketotriose and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent. Molecular Weight of Dihydroxyacetone 90.08 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Dihydroxyacetone -1.4 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Dihydroxyacetone 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Dihydroxyacetone 3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Dihydroxyacetone 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Dihydroxyacetone 90.031694 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Dihydroxyacetone 90.031694 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Dihydroxyacetone 57.5 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Dihydroxyacetone 6 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Dihydroxyacetone 44 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dihydroxyacetone 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Dihydroxyacetone 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Dihydroxyacetone Is Canonicalized Yes Currently obtained from glycerol through microbial fermentation, the demand of 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (DHA) has significantly grown during the course of the last decade, driven by the consumer passion for a tan and increasing awareness of UV photodamage to the skin caused by prolonged exposure to the sun. We provide an updated bioeconomy perspective into a valued bioproduct (DHA), whose supply and production from glycerol, we argue in this study, will rapidly expand and diversify, with important global health benefits. Commercially obtained from glycerol through microbial fermentation, over the acetic acid bacteria, 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (DHA; 1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐propanone) is the simplest ketone form of sugars (ketoses) and an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants and animals formed during glycolysis.1 In the solid‐state, DHA exists as a dimer with a dioxan structure, which, upon dissolution, readily dissociates into a mixture of free carbonyl and hydrated monomers.

Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK, Diizobütil keton) Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is a slow evaporating ketonic solvent which is immiscible with water, but miscible with other organic solvents. Diisobutyl ketone is a light coloured liquid with a mild, characteristic odour. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is a colorless, stabile liquid with a sweetish-menthol smell, not soluble in water, dissolves well in most organic solvents, inflammable. Miscible with most organic solvents; immiscible with water A high-boiling point, slow-evaporating solvent Excellent viscosity reduction for high-solids coatings Reduces surface tension in high-solids coatings Strong solvency with low density Volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of coatings solvents Non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) Solvent APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is widely used in industrial chemistry and industry. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton)ensures good solubility of numerous synthetic resins, among others vinyl, acryl, alkyd, polyester and epoxy resins. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) can also be used as a solvent in nitrocellulose varnishes, coatings with a high contents of solid parts, and as a pain remover. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton)is also used as a solvent for adhesives, printing inks and in the cleaning and degreasing processes, as well as a component of dyes and insecticides. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used in mining as aids in mining minerals and in extracting gold and rear earth metals from aqueous solutions, for instance for analytic purposes. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used as a solvent and aids in the extraction and recristallization process, and as a drug component in the pharmaceutical industry. Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is also an important component in the production of diisobutylcarbinol. Solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers Solvent for synthetic resin such as vinyl, acrylic, alkyd, polyester, and epoxy Solvent for high-solids coatings and stains Solvent for paint strippers Solvent for leather finishing compounds Solvent for adhesives Solvent for printing inks - roll coating inks Solvent for cleaning and degreasing Extraction solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals Extraction solvent for mining Extraction solvent for organic pollutants Chemical intermediate for diisobutyl carbinol Solvent for synthetic resin including vinyl, acrylic, alkyd, polyester, epoxy Extraction solvent & re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals Extraction solvent for organic pollutants Chemical intermediate for diisobutyl carbinol Solvent used in lacquers, synthetic resins, stains, paint strippers, adhesives, inks, mining and organic pollutants. ADVANTAGES Miscible with most organic solvents Immiscible with water A high-boiling point, slow-evaporating solvent Excellent viscosity reduction for high-solids coatings Reduces surface tension in high-solids coatings Strong solvency with low density HEALTH SAFETY Inhaling the vapors irritates the respiratory passages. It can also cause coughing, dizziness, stupor, nausea, vomiting and headache. A higher concentration can cause the depression of the central nervous system, coma and blackout. The odor of that substance is recognizable at a concentration considerably lower than that having harmful effects and should be a sufficient warning against overdosing. It can cause the irritation of the skin manifesting itself with redness and burning. Both the liquid and its vapors cause the irritation, redness and pain of the eyes. It causes the irritation of the alimentary tract. The poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Product description DIBK (Diisobutyl Ketone, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a slow evaporating, low density solvent that has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics. It is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing. The low density and low surface tension of DIBK enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties. DIISOBUTYL KETONE (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) Trade name of the product: diisobutyl ketone（DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)） Chemical name of the compound: 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (iso-C4H9)2CO; 2,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone; 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanon; 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (diisobutyl ketone); 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-one, ( Diizobütil keton) Chemical and physical properties: A colorless, stabile liquid with a sweetish-menthol smell, not soluble in water, dissolves well in most organic solvents, inflammable Application of the substance: Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is widely used in industrial chemistry and industry. It ensures good solubility of numerous synthetic resins, among others vinyl, acryl, alkyd, polyester and epoxy resins. It can also be used as a solvent in nitrocellulose varnishes, coatings with a high contents of solid parts, and as a pain remover. It is also used as a solvent for adhesives, printing inks and in the cleaning and degreasing processes, as well as a component of dyes and insecticides. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used in mining as aids in mining minerals and in extracting gold and rear earth metals from aqueous solutions, for instance for analytic purposes. It is also used as a solvent and aids in the extraction and recristallization process, and as a drug component in the pharmaceutical industry. DIBK is also an important component in the production of diisobutylcarbinol. Health safety: Inhaling the vapors irritates the respiratory passages. It can also cause coughing, dizziness, stupor, nausea, vomiting and headache. A higher concentration can cause the depression of the central nervous system, coma and blackout. The odor of that substance is recognizable at a concentration considerably lower than that having harmful effects and should be a sufficient warning against overdosing. It can cause the irritation of the skin manifesting itself with redness and burning. Both the liquid and its vapors cause the irritation, redness and pain of the eyes. It causes the irritation of the alimentary tract. The poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) CAS: 108-83-8 Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a colorless, stable liquid with a mild sweet odor. DIBK is a high boiling, slow evaporating solvent that has limited water solubility, but is miscible with alcohols and ketones. DIBK has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solids coatings. DIBK is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate. Description 2, 6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, also known as diisobutyl ketone( Diizobütil keton), belongs to the family of ketones, being a flavoring ingredient. It can also be used as the extraction solvent for the determination of ten trace metals (V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb) in aqueous samples with plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Similar logic can also be applied to the measurement of phosphorus using 2, 6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the extraction agent. It is also an important organic solvent widely used as industrial intermediates. Chemical Properties colourless liquid Physical properties Clear, colorless liquid with a mild, sweet, ether-like odor. Odor threshold concentration is 0.11 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). Occurrence Reported found in baked potato and wheaten bread. Uses Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is used as a solvent fornitrocellulose, lacquers, and synthetic resins;in organic syntheses. Uses Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a transparent liquid with a distinct odor and a high boiling point. It is an heavy-end byproduct of producing MIBK. DIBK is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, Flavors and fragrances, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate. DIBK has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics. It is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing. The low density and low surface tension of DIBK enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties. DIBK has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solid’s coatings. It has good volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of solvents used in coatings. It is a non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) solvent. Uses Diisobutyl Ketone is a component of mint oil and L-carvone solutions for fungicidal and antigerminative treatment of bulbs and tubers. Production Methods Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is produced by hydrogenation of phorone or by metal-catalyzed decomposition of isovaleric acid.It is also a by-product in the manufacture of methyl isobutyl ketone. Synthesis Reference(s) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 95, p. 6876, 1973 DOI: 10.1021/ja00801a081 General Description A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 140°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Air & Water Reactions Flammable. Insoluble in water. Reactivity Profile 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone may attack some plastics. 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone reacts with oxidizers. Health Hazard Inhalation of vapor causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Vaporirritates eyes. Contact with liquid irritates skin. Health Hazard Inhalation of the vapors of diisobutyl ketone( Diizobütil keton) can produce irritation of the eyes, nose, andthroat. At 25 ppm its odor was unpleasant, but the irritation effect on humanswas insignificant. At 50 ppm the irritationwas mild. A 7- hour exposure to 125 ppmhad no adverse effect on rats; however, at250 ppm, female rats developed increasedliver and kidney weights. An 8-hour expo sure to 2000 ppm was lethal. Ingestion ofthis compound can cause the symptoms ofheadache, dizziness, and dermatitis. LD50 value, oral (rats): 5.8 g/kg. Chemical Reactivity Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: May attack some forms of plastics; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent. Safety Profile Moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Mddly toxic by skin contact. Human systemic effects by inhalation: headache, nausea or vomiting, and unspecified eye effects. An eye and skin irritant. Narcotic in high concentrations. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use Con, dry chemical, water spray, mist or fog. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also KETONES. Environmental Fate Biological. Using the BOD technique to measure biodegradation, the mean 5-d BOD value (mM BOD/mM diisobutyl ketone, ( Diizobütil keton)) and ThOD were 4.86 and 37.4%, respectively (Vaishnav et al., 1987). Chemical/Physical. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group. At an influent concentration of 300 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in nondetectable concentrations in the effluent. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 60 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974). Waste Disposal Incineration, molten metal salt destruction. Ketone has the general formula RCOR' where the groups R and R' may be the same or different, or incorporated into a ring (R and R' are alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic radicals). The simplest example, R and R´ are methyl group, is acetone (also called 2-propanone, CH3COCH3) which is one of the most important ketones used in industry (low molecular weight ketones are general purpose solvents.) In the IUPAC system, the suffix -one is used to describe ketone with the numbering of the carbon atom at the end that gives the lower number. For example, CH3CH2COCH2CH2CH3 is named Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), 3-hexanone because the whole chain contains six carbon atoms and the oxygen is connected to the third carbon from the lower number. There are aromatic ketones of Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), which acetophenone and bezophenone are examples. Ketones can be made by the oxidation of secondary alcohols and the destructive distillation of certain salts of organic acids. In addition to as polar solvents, ketones are important intermediates in the syntheses of organic compounds such as alkoxides, hydroxyalkynes, imines, alcohols (primary, secondary as well as tertiary), acetals, thioacetals, phosphine oxides, geminal diols, hydrazones, organic sulfite and cyanohydrins. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) is a clear liquid with a mild characteristic odor; miscible in oil, soluble in water. MIBK is a polar solvent. But the polarity is similar to ethyl acetate. Water solubility is not good compare to other ketone solvents like acetone and MEK (methyl ethyl ketone). This property makes MIBK Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), an useful liquid-liquid extraction solvent. MIBK is produced from acetone with hydrogen by three-step process (aldol condensation, dehydration, hydrogenation). Aiacetone alcohol (CAS #: 123-42-2) and mesityl oxide (CAS #: 141-79-7) are intermediate products during the process. The basic unit quantity of acetone to produce 1 unit of MIBK Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), is 1.22. MIBK has good compatibility with various organic reagents and solvency power for a variety industrial materials. It is primarily used in cellulose-based and resin-based coatings and adhesives. It is also employed in rare-metal extraction. It is used in dewaxing to purify pharmaceuticals, mineral oils, fatty acids, and alcohols. MIBK Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), is also an useful intermediate to produce target molecules, rubber antiozonants (e.g. 6PPD) and acetylenic diol compounds are examples of end products. Diacetone alcohol has slow evaporation rates. It is used as a solvent for both hydrogen bonding and polar substances. It is miscible in water and used as a solvent for water-based coatings. It is used as a solvent extractant in purification processes for resins and waxes. Diacetone alcohol is more suitable for use in applications as a component of gravure printing inks, with proving favorable flow and leveling characteristics. Diacetone alcohol, having hydroxyl and carbonyl group in the same molecule is used as a chemical intermediate. Mesityl oxide, a carbonyl compound having alpha (or beta) unsaturated chain, can be used as a raw material to produce drugs, solvents and plasticizer. Mesityl oxide is used to produce hydroperoxides. Mesityl oxide is as an extractant in ore flotation especially for actinide series elements (thorium and uranium). Diisobutyl Ketone ( Diizobütil keton), having the higher boiling than MIBK Diisobutyl Ketone ( Diizobütil keton), is produced by refining heavy end from MIBK Diisobutyl Ketone ( Diizobütil keton). DIBK Diisobutyl Ketone ( Diizobütil keton)has moderate solvent activity for polymers including nitrocellulse, alkyd, vinyl and epoxy resins. DIBK is a component for solvents in sealants and inks. It is used as an extraction solvent and as an aid to purify pharmaceuticals. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SOLVENT Solvent is a substance, usually a liquid, that acts as a dissolving agent or that is capable of dissolving another substance. In solutions of solids or gases in a liquid, the liquid is the solvent. In all other homogeneous mixtures (i.e., liquids, solids, or gases dissolved in liquids; solids in solids; and gases in gases), solvent is the component of the greatest amount. The minor proportion substances are called solutes. The solvent offers several functions during a chemical reaction. It solves not only the substance that reacts with another one to produce a new set of substances (reactant) but also the compound that supplies the molecule, ion, or free radical, which is considered as the attacking species in a chemical reaction (reagent). The solvent is conductive to collisions between the reactants and reagents to transform the reactants to new products. The solvent also takes roll of temperature control, either to provide the energy of the colliding particles for speedy reaction and to absorb heat in exothermic reaction. The appropriate solvent should be selected based on the inactivity in the reaction conditions, dissolving the reagents as well as reactants, appropriate boiling point and easy removal at the end of the reaction. Polarity Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), The most common solvent is water. Other common solvents which dissolve substances that are insoluble (or nearly insoluble) in water are acetone, alcohol, formic acid, acetic acid, formamide. BTX, carbon disulfide, diemthyl sulfoxide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ether, tetrahydrofuran, furfural, hexane and turpentine. They may be classified as polar and non-polar. Polar solvents, like water, have molecules whose electric charges are unequally distributed, leaving one end of each molecule more positive than the other. Usually polar solvent has O-H bond of which water (HOH), (CH3OH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) are examples. Propanol, butanol, formic acid, formamide are polar solvents. Dipolar solvents which contain a C-O solid bond without O-H bond are acetone [(CH3)2C=O], ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3), methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide and diemthyl sulfoxide. Nonpolar solvents, like carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), benzene (C6H6), and diethyl ether ( CH3CH2OCH2CH3), have molecules whose electric charges are equally distributed and are not miscible with water. Hexane, tetrahydrofuran and methylene chloride are non-polar solvents. Polar solvents are hydrophilic but non-polar solvents are lipophilic. Polar reactants will dissolve in polar solvents. Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar compounds best. Oil and water don't mix but separate into two layers. There are three measures of the polarity as "dipole moment", "dielectric constant" and "miscibility with water". Though low dipole moments and small dielectric constants indicates non-polar solvents, sharp boundaries between polar and non-polar solvents are not available. The polarity reflects the balance between a polar component (OH) and a non-polar hydrocarbon component, existing in the same molecule. If hydrocarbon character increases relatively, the polarity decreases. On an operational basis, solvents that are miscible with water are polar. Polar Protic and Dipolar Aprotic Protic refers to a hydrogen atom attached to an electronegative atom. Protic solvents can donate an H+ (proton) since they contain dissociable H+, such as hydrogen attached to oxygen as in a hydroxyl group, nitrogen as in a amine group. Examples are water, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, hydrogen fluoride and ammonia. Aprotic solvents don't has O-H bond but a C=O bond typically. Examples are acetone [(CH3)2C=O] and ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3). Polar protic solvents are useful in SN1 reaction, while polar aprotic solvents are SN2 reaction. 2,6 Dimethyl-4-Heptanone. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Used as a solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers, solvent for high-solids coatings and stains, solvent for printing inks – roll coating inks. Possesses a mild sweet odor, high boiling point, and slow evaporation rate. Exhibits miscibility with most organic solvents, but immiscibility with water. Offers strong solvency with low density. Reduces surface tension in high solids coatings. Provides viscosity reduction for high solids coatings. About this substance Helpful information Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area in 1 000 - 10 000 tonnes per year. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites. Consumer Uses Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, adhesives and sealants, air care products, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products). Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Article service life Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, plant protection products, washing & cleaning products and coating products. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and building & construction work. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and furniture. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Formulation or re-packing Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants. Diizobütil keton(Diisobutyl ketone), Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is a slow evaporating ketonic solvent which is immiscible with water, but miscible with other organic solvents. Diisobutyl ketone is a light coloured liquid with a mild, characteristic odour. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is a colorless, stabile liquid with a sweetish-menthol smell, not soluble in water, dissolves well in most organic solvents, inflammable. Miscible with most organic solvents; immiscible with water A high-boiling point, slow-evaporating solvent Excellent viscosity reduction for high-solids coatings Reduces surface tension in high-solids coatings Strong solvency with low density Volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of coatings solvents Non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) Solvent APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is widely used in industrial chemistry and industry. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton)ensures good solubility of numerous synthetic resins, among others vinyl, acryl, alkyd, polyester and epoxy resins. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) can also be used as a solvent in nitrocellulose varnishes, coatings with a high contents of solid parts, and as a pain remover. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton)is also used as a solvent for adhesives, printing inks and in the cleaning and degreasing processes, as well as a component of dyes and insecticides. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used in mining as aids in mining minerals and in extracting gold and rear earth metals from aqueous solutions, for instance for analytic purposes. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used as a solvent and aids in the extraction and recristallization process, and as a drug component in the pharmaceutical industry. Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is also an important component in the production of diisobutylcarbinol. Solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers Solvent for synthetic resin such as vinyl, acrylic, alkyd, polyester, and epoxy Solvent for high-solids coatings and stains Solvent for paint strippers Solvent for leather finishing compounds Solvent for adhesives Solvent for printing inks - roll coating inks Solvent for cleaning and degreasing Extraction solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals Extraction solvent for mining Extraction solvent for organic pollutants Chemical intermediate for diisobutyl carbinol Solvent for synthetic resin including vinyl, acrylic, alkyd, polyester, epoxy Extraction solvent & re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals Extraction solvent for organic pollutants Chemical intermediate for diisobutyl carbinol Solvent used in lacquers, synthetic resins, stains, paint strippers, adhesives, inks, mining and organic pollutants. ADVANTAGES Miscible with most organic solvents Immiscible with water A high-boiling point, slow-evaporating solvent Excellent viscosity reduction for high-solids coatings Reduces surface tension in high-solids coatings Strong solvency with low density HEALTH SAFETY Inhaling the vapors irritates the respiratory passages. It can also cause coughing, dizziness, stupor, nausea, vomiting and headache. A higher concentration can cause the depression of the central nervous system, coma and blackout. The odor of that substance is recognizable at a concentration considerably lower than that having harmful effects and should be a sufficient warning against overdosing. It can cause the irritation of the skin manifesting itself with redness and burning. Both the liquid and its vapors cause the irritation, redness and pain of the eyes. It causes the irritation of the alimentary tract. The poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Product description DIBK (Diisobutyl Ketone, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a slow evaporating, low density solvent that has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics. It is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing. The low density and low surface tension of DIBK enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties. DIISOBUTYL KETONE (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) Trade name of the product: diisobutyl ketone（DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)） Chemical name of the compound: 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (iso-C4H9)2CO; 2,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone; 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanon; 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (diisobutyl ketone); 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-on; 2,6-dimethyl-heptan-4-one, ( Diizobütil keton) Chemical and physical properties: A colorless, stabile liquid with a sweetish-menthol smell, not soluble in water, dissolves well in most organic solvents, inflammable Application of the substance: Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is widely used in industrial chemistry and industry. It ensures good solubility of numerous synthetic resins, among others vinyl, acryl, alkyd, polyester and epoxy resins. It can also be used as a solvent in nitrocellulose varnishes, coatings with a high contents of solid parts, and as a pain remover. It is also used as a solvent for adhesives, printing inks and in the cleaning and degreasing processes, as well as a component of dyes and insecticides. Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is also used in mining as aids in mining minerals and in extracting gold and rear earth metals from aqueous solutions, for instance for analytic purposes. It is also used as a solvent and aids in the extraction and recristallization process, and as a drug component in the pharmaceutical industry. DIBK is also an important component in the production of diisobutylcarbinol. Health safety: Inhaling the vapors irritates the respiratory passages. It can also cause coughing, dizziness, stupor, nausea, vomiting and headache. A higher concentration can cause the depression of the central nervous system, coma and blackout. The odor of that substance is recognizable at a concentration considerably lower than that having harmful effects and should be a sufficient warning against overdosing. It can cause the irritation of the skin manifesting itself with redness and burning. Both the liquid and its vapors cause the irritation, redness and pain of the eyes. It causes the irritation of the alimentary tract. The poisoning symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Diisobutyl Ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) CAS: 108-83-8 Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a colorless, stable liquid with a mild sweet odor. DIBK is a high boiling, slow evaporating solvent that has limited water solubility, but is miscible with alcohols and ketones. DIBK has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solids coatings. DIBK is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate. Description 2, 6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, also known as diisobutyl ketone( Diizobütil keton), belongs to the family of ketones, being a flavoring ingredient. It can also be used as the extraction solvent for the determination of ten trace metals (V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb) in aqueous samples with plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Similar logic can also be applied to the measurement of phosphorus using 2, 6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the extraction agent. It is also an important organic solvent widely used as industrial intermediates. Chemical Properties colourless liquid Physical properties Clear, colorless liquid with a mild, sweet, ether-like odor. Odor threshold concentration is 0.11 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). Occurrence Reported found in baked potato and wheaten bread. Uses Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is used as a solvent fornitrocellulose, lacquers, and synthetic resins;in organic syntheses. Uses Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK, ( Diizobütil keton)) is a transparent liquid with a distinct odor and a high boiling point. It is an heavy-end byproduct of producing MIBK. DIBK is used in many applications such as nitrocellulose lacquers, synthetic resins, coatings and stains, paint strippers, leather finishings, adhesives, printing and coating inks, cleaning and dregreasing, Flavors and fragrances, solvent and re-crystallization aid for pharmaceuticals, mining, and as a chemical intermediate. DIBK has good activity for many synthetic resins including nitrocellulose, rosin esters, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alkyds, polyesters, and acrylics. It is useful as a retarder solvent to improve flow and minimize humidity blushing. The low density and low surface tension of DIBK enables formulators to develop high-solids coatings with low VOC content and excellent flow and leveling properties. DIBK has excellent viscosity reduction for and reduces surface tension in high solid’s coatings. It has good volume-to-weight advantage over other classes of solvents used in coatings. It is a non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) solvent. Uses Diisobutyl Ketone is a component of mint oil and L-carvone solutions for fungicidal and antigerminative treatment of bulbs and tubers. Production Methods Diisobutyl ketone ( Diizobütil keton) is produced by hydrogenation of phorone or by metal-catalyzed decomposition of isovaleric acid.It is also a by-product in the manufacture of methyl isobutyl keton

DIISOBUTYL SUCCINATE, N° CAS : 925-06-4, Nom INCI : DIISOBUTYL SUCCINATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 213-113-7. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée

DINP; Isononyl alcohol phthalate; DINP; Palatinol DN; Palatinol N; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester; Bis(7-methyloctyl) phthalate; Di(C8-C10) branched alkyl phthalate; Di(isononyl) phthalate branched; Di(C8-10, C9 rich) branched alkyl phthalates; Vestinol 9; Vestinol NN; Vinylcizer 90; Witamol 150 CAS NO:28553-12-0

cas no 28553-12-0 DINP; Isononyl alcohol phthalate; DINP; Palatinol DN; Palatinol N; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester; Bis(7-methyloctyl) phthalate; Di(C8-C10) branched alkyl phthalate; Di(isononyl) phthalate branched; Di(C8-10, C9 rich) branched alkyl phthalates; Vestinol 9; Vestinol NN; Vinylcizer 90; Witamol 150;

SYNONYMS Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; DI(2-Hydroxy-n-propyl) amine; 1,1'-imino-bis(2-propanol); DIPA; 2,2'-dihydroxy-dipropyl-amine; 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Bis(2-propanol)amine; Dipropyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-amine CAS NO. 110-97-4

DILINOLEIC ACID, N° CAS : 6144-28-1 / 26085-09-6, Nom INCI : DILINOLEIC ACID, Ses fonctions (INCI): Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Hydrogenated Dimer Acids; DIMER ACID, HYDROGENATED; Hydrogenated Distilled Dimer Acid; Hydrogenated Double-Distilled Dimer Acid; Dimer acid, hydrogenated average Mn ~570; Fattyacids,C18-unsatd.,dimers,hydrogenated; Fettsuren, C18-ungesttigt, dimerisiert, hydriert;FATTYACIDSUNSATURATEDC18DIMERSHYDROGENATEDDISTILLED;FATTYACIDSUNSATURATEDC18DIMERSHYDROGENATEDNON-DISTILLED CAS NO:68783-41-5