Butyldiglycol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; 1-n-butoxy-3-oxabutan-5-ol; 1-normal-butoxy-3-oxabutan-5-ol; 2-(2-n-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-normal-butoxyethoxy)ethanol / 2-(beta-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-butoxyethoxyethanol cas no: 112-34-5

BUTYL DIGLYME Chemical Properties of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Formula of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) [CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2]2O Formula Weight of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 218.74 Form Colorless of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) liquid Melting point of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 60° Boiling Point of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 256° Flash Point of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 117°(243°F) Density of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 0.885 Refractive Index of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 1.4235 Storage & Sensitivity of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Ambient temperatures. Solubility Miscible with dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol and acetone. Immiscible with water. Applications of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Extraction of precious metals Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether is used as a solvent in Grignard reactions. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also used as solvents in gold refining, decorative inks for ceramics and digital inks. It finds application in electrochemistry, gas absorption, extractant and high boiling reaction medium. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also used in fuel, lubricant, textile and medicine. Notes of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. Butyl diglyme (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether) is a high-performance solvent used in digital inks and decorative inks for ceramics. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is a safe and effective solvent for emissive applications. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter), also called diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, is a polar aprotic solvent with excellent thermal and chemical stability. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter), or glycol diethers, are a widely used family of saturated polyethers for increasing anion reactivity in a given system, thus affecting selectivity and reaction rates. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is one of the heavier ethylene oxide based BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) available commercially. Glymes BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter), or glymes, are aprotic, saturated polyethers that offer high solvency, high stability in strong bases and moderate stability in acid solutions. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) efficiently solvate cations, increasing anion reactivity, and thus can increase both selectivity and reaction rates. Most BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter)are water-soluble, but a range of solubility and boiling points are available. The polyether structure produces only weak associations between glyme molecules, and is responsible for the low viscosity and excellent wetting properties of these solvents. A further structural feature of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) that contributes significantly to their usefulness involves the arrangement of oxygen atoms, as ether linkages, at two-carbon intervals. The model of the BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) molecule (picture above) illustrates this periodic recurrence of oxygen atoms separated by two carbon atoms. This steric arrangement, analogous to that of crown ethers, gives BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) the ability to form complexes with many cations. Glycol diethers have a wide range of solubilities and boiling points. They are used as reaction solvents and in closed loop applications such as gas scrubbing and in refrigeration systems. The higher molecular weight BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) beginning with ethyl diglyme are suitable for emissive applications such as coatings, inks, adhesives and in cleaning compounds. The lower molecular weight BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) should not be used in emissive applications due to their reproductive toxicity. Pharma and fine chemicals synthesis of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Due to their high stability and solvency, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are widely used as reaction media for processes involving alkali metal hydroxides, sodium hydride, and alkali metals. Grignard reaction yields can be increased and purification costs reduced by using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as reaction solvents. Sodium borohydride at high temperature can be substituted for lithium aluminum hydride in some reductions. Carried out in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) sodium aluminum hydride can be prepared directly from the elements in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is the solvent of choice when preparing aryl sulfides via use of sodium tetrafluoroborate as a catalyst. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also a key to the efficient synthesis of the anti-AIDS drug Nevirapine. Preparation of urethanes, hydrogenations, condensations, oxidations, olefin insertions, oligomerizations of olefins, and addition reactions can be carried out in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as reaction medium. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are also useful as solubilizing agents, extractants and selective solvents. Methoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Aspartame was prepared by enzymatic catalysis in triglyme-water medium. Polymerization and polymer modification of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Catalysts of the Ziegler-Natta type for the polymerization of alpha-olefins are advantageously prepared as a slurry incorporating BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are additionally useful in removal of unreacted monomer in this type of polymerization. When BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is used to modify the Ti-AI-catalyzed preparation of a block ethylene-propylene copolymer, the physical properties of the copolymer are greatly improved. Similarly, conjugated dienes can be polymerized in the presence of metal-based catalyst mixtures containing BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Catalyst solutions for other types of polymerization advantageously use BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Monomers polymerized in the presence of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) include cyclosiloxanes, conjugated alkadiene, lactams, dicyclopentadiene, vinyl chloride, fluorinated acrylic esters and 1-octene. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are also useful in formulating storage-stable vulcanizing agents for urethane rubber. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and its copolymers are produced with improved properties by incorporating BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) into the finished product. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are useful in formulating rigid polyurethane foams with improved fluidity during molding and with improved bonding strength. The viscosity of polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethanes can be reduced by means of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) without adversely affecting physical properties. Polyurethane coatings used to form pinhole-free films with good adhesive strength, applicable to electrical and electronic parts, utilize BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Isocyanates are processed and formulated using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) to yield isocyanurate and polyisocyanate prepolymers used in various polyurethane applications. Gold refining of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is a selective solvent for the extraction of gold from hydrochloric acid solutions containing other metals. Treatment of the extract with a reducing agent such as oxalic acid reduces the trivalent gold to gold powder. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) have the following high-performance properties:  Dissolve polar and non-polar contaminants  Very low odor compared to esters, ketones and monoethers  Choice of boiling point  Fully compatible with quats  Compatible with hydrocarbons AND water!  Run cleaning hot or cold and match requirements for solvent recovery  Use of higlyme (non-VOC) for heavy-duty water-based cleaning solutions  Optimized cleaning by using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) for more polar impurities  Use of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) for non-polar impurities and high temperature  Maintain ability to remove metal ions  Reduce surface tension Toxicity of lower BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Monoglyme, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) and ethyl glyme are only suitable for use in enclosed applications such as reaction solvents as they are recognized reproductive toxins. Higher BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter)s, such as ethyl diglyme, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter), tetraglyme, polyglyme and higlyme have lower acute and reproductive toxicity and are considered suitable for use in emissive applications. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is most commonly utilized as a high-performance solvent for both laboratory and industrial applications. It effectively solvates digital inks and decorative ceramic inks, since BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is stable enough to withstand the high temperatures of these applications. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also commonly used on small scales as an extraction solvent for gold from hydrochloric acid media, a process which results in an extremely high concentration of pure gold metal. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) can also be used as an intermediate in the production of siloxane-based adjuvants. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter)ALSO KNOWN AS dibutyl carbitol, dibutyldiglycol, diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, 2-butoxyethyl ether PACKING INFO of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Bulk tankers, totes, and drums APPLICATIONS of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Glycol ethers, with the combination of ether, alcohol and hydrocarbon chain in one molecule, provide versatile solvency characteristics with both polar and non-polar properties. The chemical structure of long hydrocarbon chain resist to solubility in water, while ether or alcohol groups introduce the promoted hydrophilic solubility performance. This surfactant-like structure provides the compatibility between water and a number of organic solvents, and the ability to couple unlike phases. Glycol ethers are characterized by their wide range of hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances. glycol ethers are used as diluents and levelling agents in the manufacture of paints and baking finishes. Glycol ether series are used in the manufacture of nitrocellulose and combination lacquers. They are used as an additive in brake fluid. They are formulated for dying textiles and leathers and for insecticides and herbicides. They provides performance in cleaners products with oil-water dispersions. They are used in printing industries as they have a slow evaporation rate. They are used as a fixative for perfumes, germicides, bactericides, insect repellents and antiseptic. They are used as an additive for jet fuel to prevent ice buildup. Thje term of cellosolve refers to BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) or a group of glycol ether solvent as below. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Chemical Formula of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter): C12H26O3 CAS No. of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter):112-73-2 Synonyms of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Diethylene Glycol Dibutyl Ether; Dibutyldiglycol Quality Specifications of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Purity of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 98.5% minAcidity (as Acetic Acid)100 ppm max Water content 500 ppm maxPeroxide content15 ppm maxSuspended Mattersubstantially freeColor15 APHA max Physical Properties of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) AppearanceColorless liquid with mild odorSpecific Gravity (at 20°C)0.88Bulk Density (at 20°C)7.36 lbs/galBoiling Point493°F (256°C)Freezing Point-76.4°F (-60.2°C)Flash Point243°F (117°C) Packaging of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) 15 kg (33 lbs) pail180 kg (397 lbs) drum BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) (2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol) is an organic compound, one of several glycol ether solvents. It is a colorless liquid with a low odour and high boiling point. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is mainly used as a solvent for paints and varnishes in the chemical industry, household detergents, brewing chemicals and textile processing. Production and Use of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter)) is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide and n-butanol with an alkalic catalyst. In pesticide products, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) acts as an inert ingredient as a deactivator for formulation before the crop emerges from the soil and as a stabilizer. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and piperonyl acetate, and as a solvent in high baked enamels. Other applications of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are as a dispersant for vinyl chloride resins in organosols, a diluent for hydraulic brake fluids, and a mutual solvent for soap, oil, and water in household cleaners. The textile industry uses BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as a wetting-out solution. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also a solvent for nitrocellulose, oils, dyes, gums, soaps, and polymers. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also used as coupling solvent in liquid cleaners, cutting fluids, and textile auxiliaries. In the printing industry, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) applications include: solvent in lacquers, paints, and printing inks; high boiling point solvent to improve gloss and flow properties; and used as a solubilizer in mineral oil products. Air & Water Reactions of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously. Insoluble in water. Fire Hazard of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Vapor may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Health Hazard of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Causes eye and skin irritation. Material is irritating to mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. Reactivity Profile of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. Incompatible with nitric acid. May form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. In other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond, relatively inert. Pharma and fine chemicals synthesis of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Due to their high stability and solvency, BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are widely used as reaction media for processes involving alkali metal hydroxides, sodium hydride, and alkali metals. Grignard reaction yields can be increased and purification costs reduced by using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as reaction solvents. Sodium borohydride at high temperature can be substituted for lithium aluminum hydride in some reductions. Carried out in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) sodium aluminum hydride can be prepared directly from the elements in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is the solvent of choice when preparing aryl sulfides via use of sodium tetrafluoroborate as a catalyst. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is also a key to the efficient synthesis of the anti-AIDS drug Nevirapine. Preparation of urethanes, hydrogenations, condensations, oxidations, olefin insertions, oligomerizations of olefins, and addition reactions can be carried out in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) as reaction medium. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are also useful as solubilizing agents, extractants and selective solvents. Methoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation in BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Aspartame was prepared by enzymatic catalysis in triglyme-water medium. Polymerization and polymer modification of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) Catalysts of the Ziegler-Natta type for the polymerization of alpha-olefins are advantageously prepared as a slurry incorporating BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are additionally useful in removal of unreacted monomer in this type of polymerization. When BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) is used to modify the Ti-AI-catalyzed preparation of a block ethylene-propylene copolymer, the physical properties of the copolymer are greatly improved. Similarly, conjugated dienes can be polymerized in the presence of metal-based catalyst mixtures containing BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Catalyst solutions for other types of polymerization advantageously use BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Monomers polymerized in the presence of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) include cyclosiloxanes, conjugated alkadiene, lactams, dicyclopentadiene, vinyl chloride, fluorinated acrylic esters and 1-octene. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are also useful in formulating storage-stable vulcanizing agents for urethane rubber. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and its copolymers are produced with improved properties by incorporating BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) into the finished product. BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) are useful in formulating rigid polyurethane foams with improved fluidity during molding and with improved bonding strength. The viscosity of polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethanes can be reduced by means of BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) without adversely affecting physical properties. Polyurethane coatings used to form pinhole-free films with good adhesive strength, applicable to electrical and electronic parts, utilize BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter). Isocyanates are processed and formulated using BUTYL DIGLYME (Butyl Diglyme, bütil diglim, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, dietilen dibütil eter) to yield isocyanurate and polyisocyanate prepolymers used in various polyurethane applications.

Butyl glycol; 2-Butoxyethan-1-ol; 2-Butoxyethanol; Butyl cellosolve; EGBE (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether); Dowanol EB; Bane-Clene; Butyl oxitol cas no: 111-76-2

Butyl Hydroxy Toluene Butylated hydroxytoluene (Butyl Hydroxy Toluene), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties. Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers Butyl Hydroxy Toluene to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods. Despite this, and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that Butyl Hydroxy Toluene was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed. Butyl Hydroxy Toluene has also been postulated as an antiviral drug, but as of March 2020, use of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any drug regulatory agency for use as an antiviral. Natural occurrence of Butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) Phytoplankton, including the green algae Botryococcus braunii, as well as three different cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp.) are capable of producing Butyl Hydroxy Toluene as a natural product. The fruit lychee also produces Butyl Hydroxy Toluene in its pericarp. Several fungi (example Aspergillus conicus) living in olives produce Butyl Hydroxy Toluene. Production of Butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) Industrial production of Butyl hydroxy toluene The chemical synthesis of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid: CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH Alternatively, Butyl Hydroxy Toluene has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis. Reactions of Butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen. Butyl Hydroxy Toluene stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides. It effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom: RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO• RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is Butyl Hydroxy Toluene or related phenolic antioxidants. Each Butyl Hydroxy Toluene consumes two peroxy radicals. Applications of Butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is listed under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research. Food additive of Butyl hydroxy toluene Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive. In the United States, it is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute study from 1979 in rats and mice. It is approved for use in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration: For example, 21 CFR § 137.350 allows Butyl Hydroxy Toluene up to 0.0033% by weight in "enriched rice", while 9 CFR § 381.147] allows up to 0.01% in poultry "by fat content". It is permitted in the European Union under E321. Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods. With this usage Butyl Hydroxy Toluene maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes. Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated Butyl Hydroxy Toluene from their products or have announced that they were going to phase it out. Antioxidant Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid. In the petroleum industry, where Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is known as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels. Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals. It is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage. Some additive products contain Butyl Hydroxy Toluene as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Health effects of Butyl hydroxy toluene Like many closely related phenol antioxidants, Butyl Hydroxy Toluene has low acute toxicity (e.g., the desmethyl analog of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, has an LD50 of >9 g/kg). The US Food and Drug Administration classifies Butyl Hydroxy Toluene as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a food preservative when used according in an approved manner. In 1979, the National Cancer Institute determined that Butyl Hydroxy Toluene was noncarcinogenic in a mouse model. Nevertheless, the World Health Organization discussed a possible link between Butyl Hydroxy Toluene and cancer risk in 1986, and some primary research studies in the 1970s–1990s reported both potential for increased risk and potential for decreased risk in the area of oncology. As well, concern has been expressed regarding a dietary role for Butyl Hydroxy Toluene in asthma and behavioral issues in children. Because of this uncertainty, the Center for Science in the Public Interest puts Butyl Hydroxy Toluene in its "caution" column and recommends avoiding it. Based on various, disparate primary research reports, Butyl Hydroxy Toluene has been suggested to have anti-viral activity, and the reports divide into various study types. First, there are studies that describe virus inactivation—where treatment with the chemical results in disrupted or otherwise inactivated virus particles. The action of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene in these is akin to the action of many other organic compounds, e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics, and detergents, which disrupt viruses by insertion of the chemical into the virus membrane, coat, or other structure, which are established methods of viral disinfection secondary to methods of chemical oxidation and UV irradiation. In addition, there is a report of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene use, topically against genital herpes lesions, a report of inhibitory activity in vitro against pseudorabies (in cell culture), and two studies, in veterinary contexts, of use of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene to attempt to protect against virus exposure (pseudorabies in mouse and swine, and Newcastle in chickens). The relevance of other reports, regarding influenza in mice, is not easily discerned. Notably, this series of primary research reports does not support a general conclusion of independent confirmation of the original research results, nor are there critical reviews appearing thereafter, in secondary sources, for the various host-virus systems studied with Butyl Hydroxy Toluene. Hence, at present, the results do not present a scientific consensus in favour of the conclusion of the general antiviral potential of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene when dosed in humans. Moreover, as of March 2020, no guidance from any of the internationally recognized associations of infectious disease specialists had advocated use of Butyl Hydroxy Toluene products as an antiviral therapy or prophylactic. Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is an organic chemical composed of 4-methylphenol modified with tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) inhibits autoxidation of unsaturated organic compounds. Butyl Hydroxy Toluene is used in food, cosmetics and industrial fluids to prevent oxidation and free radical formation. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a white crystalline solid. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of butylated hydroxyl toluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene), associated with ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in mice. The treatment of mice with Fe-NTA alone enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity to 4.6 folds, protein carbonyl formation increased up to 2.9 folds and DNA synthesis expressed in terms of [(3)H] thymidine incorporation increased to 3.2 folds, and antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes decreased to 1.8-2.5 folds, compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls. These changes were reversed significantly (p < 0.001) in animals receiving a pretreatment of Butyl hydroxy toluene. Our data show that Butyl hydroxy toluene can reciprocate the toxic effects of Fe-NTA and can serve as a potent chemopreventive agent. Butylated Hydroxytoluene is an organic chemical composed of 4-methylphenol modified with tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. Butylated hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene) inhibits autoxidation of unsaturated organic compounds. Butyl hydroxy toluene is used in food, cosmetics and industrial fluids to prevent oxidation and free radical formation. The metabolism of Butyl hydroxy toluene has been investigated extensively in rabbits, rat, mice and man. The principle routes of metabolism of Butyl hydroxy toluene in all species involve oxidation of the para-methyl and of one, or both, of the tert-butyl substituents. Neither mechanism is mutually exclusive. Oxidation of the methyl-group is catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme, Butyl hydroxy toluene-oxidase and several derivatives including the quinone-methide, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl-cyclahexe-2,5-dienone have been identified in rat liver. Whereas oxidation of the para-methyl substituent is the major route of metabolism in the rat and rabbit, where Butyl hydroxy toluene-acid accounts for approximately 30% of the dose, some 30-40% of the dose in male and female mice and in man is excreted as metabolites involving oxidation of one or both of the tert-butyl groups. Butyl hydroxy toluene is excreted principally in the urine in man whereas in rodents 50-80% is eliminated in the feces. This is presumed to be due to species differences in the molecular weight threshold for biliary excretion. A comparative metabolism study of Butyl hydroxy toluene was conducted in mice and rats. In male and female DDY/Slc mice given single oral doses (20 or 500 mg/kg body weight) of Butyl hydroxy toluene labelled with (14)C at the p-methyl group, (14)C was distributed mainly in the stomach, intestines, liver and kidney, and then excreted in the urine, feces and expired air. During the 7 days after treatment, 41-65, 26-50 and 69% of the (14)C dose was excreted in feces, urine and expired air, respectively, and the total recovery was 96-98%. Levels of (14)C in 21 male and 22 female tissues 7 days after treatment were less than 1 ug Butyl hydroxy toluene equivalents/g tissue (ppm) in mice given 20 mg/kg and less than 11 ppm in mice given 500 mg/kg. When [(14)C]Butyl hydroxy toluene was given orally to male mice at 20 mg/kg/day for 10 days, (14)C was rapidly excreted and did not exhibit any tendency to accumulate in any tissues. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that more than 43 metabolites were present in the urine and feces of both species, and all of these were identified to determine metabolic pathways for Butyl hydroxy toluene in mice and rats. Major metabolic reactions of [(14)C]Butyl hydroxy toluene in mice were the oxidation of the p-methyl group attached to the benzene nng and of the tert-butyl groups. The products from the latter reaction were cyclized to some extent by reacting with the adjacent phenolic OH group to give hemiacetals or lactones. The carboxyl derivatives from the p-methyl oxidation were conjugated with glucuronic acid. When single oral doses of 20 or 500 mg [(14)C]Butyl hydroxy toluene/kg were given to male Sprague-Dawley rats, metabolites similar to those in mice were found. However, the major biotransformation was oxidation of the p-methyl group, and oxidation of the tert-butyl groups was a minor reaction in rats. Pro-oxidative effect of phenolic antioxidant (vitamin E) in combination with the initiators on human low-density lipoprotein is known. /It has been/ reported that oxidative stress induced by vitamin E in combination with the herbicide paraquat enhances structural chromosomal damage in cultured anuran leukocytes. In the present study, the phenolic antioxidant vitamin E-synthetic-analogue 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (Butyl hydroxy toluene) in combination with paraquat was found to enhance structural chromosomal damage in cultured Pelophylax (Rana) nigromaculatus leukocytes more than paraquat only and paraquat plus nicotinamido adenine dinucleotido phosphate served as positive control, although Butyl hydroxy toluene only had no effect on induction of structural chromosomal damage. Paraquat plus Butyl hydroxy toluene-enhanced structural chromosomal damage was inhibited by combination of the superoxide dismutase mimic Mn(III)tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. In test based on reduction of paraquat cation, Butyl hydroxy toluene was found to reduce paraquat cation chemically to paraquat monocation radical. These results suggest that Butyl hydroxy toluene functions in chemically donating electron to paraquat and thereby induces an acute accumulation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in increase in chromosomal damage. Promotion of lung tumors in mice by the food additive butylated hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene) is mediated by electrophilic metabolites produced in the target organ. Identifying the proteins alkylated by these quinone methides (QMs) is a necessary step in understanding the underlying mechanisms. Covalent adducts of the antioxidant enzymes peroxiredoxin 6 and Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase were detected previously in lung cytosols from BALB/c mice injected with Butyl hydroxy toluene, and complimentary in vitro studies demonstrated that QM alkylation causes inactivation and enhances oxidative stress. In the present work, adducts of another protective enzyme, carbonyl reductase (CBR), were detected by Western blotting and mass spectrometry in mitochondria from lungs of mice one day after a single injection of Butyl hydroxy toluene and throughout a 28-day period of weekly injections required to achieve tumor promotion. Butyl hydroxy toluene treatment was accompanied by the accumulation of protein carbonyls in lung cytosol from sustained oxidative stress. Studies in vitro demonstrated that CBR activity in lung homogenates was susceptible to concentration- and time-dependent inhibition by QMs. Recombinant CBR underwent irreversible inhibition during QM exposure, and mass spectrometry was utilized to identify alkylation sites at Cys 51, Lys 17, Lys 189, Lys 201, His 28, and His 204. Except for Lys 17, all of these adducts were eliminated as a cause of enzyme inhibition either by chemical modification (cysteine) or site-directed mutagenesis (lysines and histidines). The data demonstrated that Lys 17 is the critical alkylation target, consistent with the role of this basic residue in NADPH binding. These data support the possibility that CBR inhibition occurs in Butyl hydroxy toluene-treated mice, thereby compromising one pathway for inactivating lipid peroxidation products, particularly 4-oxo-2-nonenal. These data, in concert with previous evidence for the inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, provide a molecular basis to explain lung inflammation leading to tumor promotion in this two-stage model for pulmonary carcinogenesis. Butyl hydroxy toluene, also known as BHT or butylated hydroxytoluene, is a white to pale-yellow, crystalline solid. It has a slightly musty odor and is tasteless. Butyl hydroxy toluene is very slightly soluble in water. USE: Butyl hydroxy toluene is an important commercial chemical used as a preservative in foods, cosmetics and personal care products, paints, inks, animal feeds and many commercial products. EXPOSURE: Workers that use Butyl hydroxy toluene may breathe in mists or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by vapors, skin contact and consumption of food. If Butyl hydroxy toluene is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air. It is expected to be broken down by sunlight. It will move into air from moist soil and water surfaces; however, absorption to soil and sediment will slow this process. It is not expected to move through soil. It will be broken down slowly by microorganisms, and is expected to build up in fish. RISK: Ingestion of Butyl hydroxy toluene at levels found in food has not been associated with any toxic effects. It is considered a "GRAS" (generally recognized as safe) food additive by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Mild allergic reactions have been reported in some sensitive individuals (runny nose, headache, flushing, worsening of asthma symptoms). Accidental or intentional ingestion of extremely large amounts of Butyl hydroxy toluene may cause brief dizziness, unsteadiness, slurred speech or loss of consciousness in non-allergic individuals; no permanent effects were observed in these cases. Butyl hydroxy toluene is a slight respiratory irritant in laboratory animals. No other data regarding the potential toxic effects of breathing Butyl hydroxy toluene were available. No evidence of infertility, abortion, or birth defects was observed in laboratory animals exposed to Butyl hydroxy toluene before and/or during pregnancy. Lung and liver tumors developed in some studies with laboratory animals exposed to Butyl hydroxy toluene in feed; however, increased tumors may have been associated with increased life-span in exposed animals (compared to unexposed), rather than exposure to the chemical. No evidence of carcinogenicity was found in other laboratory animal studies, and some studies found that Butyl hydroxy toluene decreased the risk of tumor development. The potential for Butyl hydroxy toluene to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens. The International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that 2.6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans based on lack of human data and limited evidence in laboratory animals. Uses of Butyl hydroxy toluene Butyl hydroxy toluene is used as an antioxidant which finds many applications in a wide variety of industries. It is used in ground vehicle and aviation gasolines; lubricating, turbine, and insulation oils; waxes, synthetic and natural rubbers, paints, plastics, and elastomers. It protects these materials from oxidation during prolonged storage. Highly purified grades are suitable for use in foods to retard oxidation of animal fats, vegetable oils, and oil-soluble vitamins. It is also used in cosmetics and food packaging materials such as waxed paper, paper board, and polyethylene. It is important in delaying the onset of rancidity of oils and fats in animal feeds, and in preserving the essential nutrients and pigment-forming compounds of these foods. Synthetic antioxidants commonly used in food include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene), propyl gallate (PG), and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). A simple electrochemical method was developed for the single and simultaneous determination of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene) in food samples using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). A carbon composite electrode modified (MCCE) with copper (II) phosphate immobilized in a polyester resin was proposed. The modified electrode allowed the detection of BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene at potentials lower than those observed at unmodified electrodes. A separation of about 430 mV between the peak oxidation potentials of BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene in binary mixtures was obtained. The calibration curves for the simultaneous determination of BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene demonstrated an excellent linear response in the range from 3.4x10(-7) to 4.1x10(-5) mol/L for both compounds. The detection limits for the simultaneous determination of BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene were 7.2x10(-8) and 9.3x10(-8) mol/L, respectively. In addition, the stability and repeatability of the electrode were determined. The proposed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of BHA and Butyl hydroxy toluene in several food samples, and the results obtained were found to be similar to those obtained using the high performance liquid chromatography method with agreement at 95% confidence level. IDENTIFICATION AND USE of Butyl hydroxy toluene: Butylated hydroxytoluene (Butyl hydroxy toluene) is a white, crystalline, odorless solid. It is used as an antioxidant for fats and oils or in packaging material for fat containing foods. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes and skin. ANIMAL STUDIES of Butyl hydroxy toluene: Rats fed high doses of Butyl hydroxy toluene, showed increases in serum cholesterol in both sexes. Groups of weanling rats fed Butyl hydroxy toluene in conjunction with lard supplementation had a reduction in growth rate, especially in males. Butyl hydroxy toluene also increased absolute liver weight and the ratio of liver weight to body weight in both sexes. Butyl hydroxy toluene increased the ratio of left adrenal weight to body weight in male rats but had no consistent effect in female rats. Butyl hydroxy toluene administered to rats for 68-82 days caused reduction in rate of increase in weight and fatty infiltration of the liver. Butyl hydroxy toluene was given in feed of rats and mice of both sex at 3000 or 6000 ppm; in rats 105 wk and 107 or 108 wk in mice. No tumors occurred in either sex of rats and mice. When tested for teratogenic properties Butyl hydroxy toluene produced anophthalmia in offspring in rats, but not in mice. Butyl hydroxy toluene administered to pregnant mice for 18 days along with another group fed Butyl hydroxy toluene for 50 to 64 days including 18 das of pregnancy. No fetal abnormalities were observed. In a study using 144 mice, no blindness was observed in any of the 1162 litters representing 7765 offspring born throughout the reproductive life span of the mothers. Butyl hydroxy toluene was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay in 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Butyl hydroxy toluene was negative in these tests and the highest ineffective dose tested in any Salmonella typhimurium strain was 10 mg/plate. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES of Butyl hydroxy toluene: In salmon fed graded levels of Butyl hydroxy toluene during a 12-week feeding followed by a 2-week depuration period, Butyl hydroxy toluene selectively modulated toxicological responses in the xenobiotic biotransformation pathways during the feeding period.

Butyl Triglycol Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is a type of glycol ether, which is the result from the reaction of alcohols or phenol with ethylene oxide. Ideal for use in leathers and hydraulic fluids. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) results from the reaction of alcohols or phenol with ethylene oxide. The reactions to obtain these compounds and their molecular structures are shown in the figure below, starting from methanol and ethanol. This product has other denominations of Triethylene glycol butyl ether, TEGBE, and has a CAS No. of 143-22-6. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) ether of 70% mass purity Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) (also known as BTGE, butyl tri tetra, triethylene glycol butyl ether, butoxy triglycol and triglycol monobutyl ether) is a clear, colourless liquid with a mild odour. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is miscible in water, has low volatility, and has the formula C10H22O4 How is Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) produced? Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is produced as the result of ethylene oxide reacting with alcohol. Global consumption of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is estimated at approximately 21,000 tonnes per year. How is Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) stored and distributed? Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) can be stored and transported in stainless steel, mild steel, or carbon steel drums and/or tanks and must be kept in a well-ventilated area. It is not classified as dangerous for any form of transport but is classed as an Irritant. It has a flash point of 156 oC (closed cup) and a specific gravity of 0.985. What is Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) used for? The main use of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is as component of the base blend used in the manufacture of hydraulic oils, especially brake fluids. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is a useful component in paint stripping formulations as it has low volatility, and is also employed as a dye carrier in textile dyeing processes. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is a solvent for oils, gums, soaps, and grease so is a component found in many industrial and household cleaners. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) also acts as a coalescent in the coatings industry as it is a solvent for nitrocellulose. Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is included on this list. A testing consent order is in effect for Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) for health effects testing. FR citation: January 9, 1989. Acute Exposure/ Male or female albino rats were exposed to a flowing stream of vapor-ladened air generated by passing 2.5 L/min of dried air at room temperature through a fitted disc immersed to a depth of at least one inch in approximately 50 mL of triethylene glycol butyl ether contained in a gas-washing bottle. Rats were exposed from time periods ranging from 15 minutes to 8 hrs and observed up to 14 days. All animals survived to 14 days. Acute inhalation toxicity was evaluated in 10 albino Wistar rats (sex not reported) exposed to Poly Solv TB (Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL)) at a nominal concentration of 200 mg/L for 1 hour. Mortality was not observed in any animal; an LC50 value was not reported. The observation period was uneventful. Gross necropsy was not reported. Acute inhalation toxicity was evaluated in 6 male rats (strain not reported) exposed to Dowanol TBH (Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL)) at a nominal concentration of 6.52 mg/L for 7 hours. Mortality was not observed in any animal; an LC50 value was not reported. The clinical observation period was uneventful. Gross necropsy findings revealed no visible lesions. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) (CAS# 143-22-6) was studied for teratogenic potential and developmental toxicity at doses of 250 and 1000 mg/kg which was administered by gavage to groups of 10 Alpk:AP (Wistar-derived) rats on days 7 through 16 of gestation. Positive (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) and negative control (water) groups were also dosed. Observation continued through day 5 postpartum. There were no maternal effects noted with regard to mortality or weight effects and no statistically significant changes in number, viability and size of litters except in the positive control. The authors conclude that Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) exibits no fetotoxic or teratogenic potential and no maternal toxicity. Statistical analysis included Student's t-test for comparison of individual treatment group means. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) (143-22-6) was evaluated for developmental effects in groups of 10 rats administered the test substance by gavage at dose levels of 0, 250, or 2500 mg/kg/day on days 7-16 of gestation. Rats and pups were sacrificed 5 days postpartum. Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether was found to have no fetotoxic or developmental effects at 250 or 1000 mg/kg/day. This document is a brief summary. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL)'s production and use as a plasticizer intermediate, a solvent, in cutting and hydraulic oils, production of inks, as a leveling agent, in the leather auxiliaries industry, and in the chemical, textile, and transportation industries may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.5X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.5 hours. Alcohols and ethers do not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-14 atm-cu m/mole. Based on %theoretical BODS of 0-24 in 5-20 days, Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is expected to biodegrade slowly in soil and water. If released into water, Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) via ingestion of contaminated drinking water and dermal contact with products containing Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL). TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.5X10-3 mm Hg(4). The theoretical BODs for Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are 0, 5, and 24% for 5, 10 and 20 days, respectively(5), suggesting that Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is expected to biodegrade slowly in soil(SRC). AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.02(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The theoretical BODs for Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are 0, 5 and 24% for 5, 10 and 20 days, respectively(8), Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is expected to biodegrade slowly in water(SRC). ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL), which has a vapor pressure of 2.5X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Alcohols and ethers do not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4). AEROBIC: The theoretical BODs for Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are 0, 5, and 24% for 5 days, 10 days, and 20 days, respectively, indicating that it will be partially removed from biological wastewater treatment plants(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Alcohols and ethers do not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) can be estimated to be 10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The Henry's Law constant for Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is estimated as 9.5X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.5X10-3 mm Hg(3). Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) has been identified in the effluents from the following industries: paint and ink (3438 ng/uL extract), printing and publishing (3868 ng/uL extract), and organic chemicals (160 ng/uL extract)(1). Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) was identified in a sample of fine organometallic automobile brake lining wear particles at a concentration of 181.7 ug/g of particle sampled(1). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 25,310 workers (50 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) via ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and dermal contact with products containing Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL)(SRC). Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL), also called diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, is a polar aprotic solvent with excellent thermal and chemical stability. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL), or glycol diethers, are a widely used family of saturated polyethers for increasing anion reactivity in a given system, thus affecting selectivity and reaction rates. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is one of the heavier ethylene oxide based Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) available commercially. Glymes Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL), or glymes, are aprotic, saturated polyethers that offer high solvency, high stability in strong bases and moderate stability in acid solutions. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) efficiently solvate cations, increasing anion reactivity, and thus can increase both selectivity and reaction rates. Most Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL)are water-soluble, but a range of solubility and boiling points are available. The polyether structure produces only weak associations between glyme molecules, and is responsible for the low viscosity and excellent wetting properties of these solvents. A further structural feature of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) that contributes significantly to their usefulness involves the arrangement of oxygen atoms, as ether linkages, at two-carbon intervals. The model of the Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) molecule (picture above) illustrates this periodic recurrence of oxygen atoms separated by two carbon atoms. This steric arrangement, analogous to that of crown ethers, gives Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) the ability to form complexes with many cations. Glycol diethers have a wide range of solubilities and boiling points. They are used as reaction solvents and in closed loop applications such as gas scrubbing and in refrigeration systems. The higher molecular weight Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) beginning with ethyl diglyme are suitable for emissive applications such as coatings, inks, adhesives and in cleaning compounds. The lower molecular weight Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) should not be used in emissive applications due to their reproductive toxicity. Pharma and fine chemicals synthesis of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) Due to their high stability and solvency, Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are widely used as reaction media for processes involving alkali metal hydroxides, sodium hydride, and alkali metals. Grignard reaction yields can be increased and purification costs reduced by using Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) as reaction solvents. Sodium borohydride at high temperature can be substituted for lithium aluminum hydride in some reductions. Carried out in Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) sodium aluminum hydride can be prepared directly from the elements in Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL). Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is the solvent of choice when preparing aryl sulfides via use of sodium tetrafluoroborate as a catalyst. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is also a key to the efficient synthesis of the anti-AIDS drug Nevirapine. Preparation of urethanes, hydrogenations, condensations, oxidations, olefin insertions, oligomerizations of olefins, and addition reactions can be carried out in Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) as reaction medium. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are also useful as solubilizing agents, extractants and selective solvents. Methoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal can be prepared by electrochemical oxidation in Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL). Aspartame was prepared by enzymatic catalysis in triglyme-water medium. Polymerization and polymer modification of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) Catalysts of the Ziegler-Natta type for the polymerization of alpha-olefins are advantageously prepared as a slurry incorporating Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL). Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are additionally useful in removal of unreacted monomer in this type of polymerization. When Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is used to modify the Ti-AI-catalyzed preparation of a block ethylene-propylene copolymer, the physical properties of the copolymer are greatly improved. Similarly, conjugated dienes can be polymerized in the presence of metal-based catalyst mixtures containing Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL). Catalyst solutions for other types of polymerization advantageously use Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL). Monomers polymerized in the presence of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) include cyclosiloxanes, conjugated alkadiene, lactams, dicyclopentadiene, vinyl chloride, fluorinated acrylic esters and 1-octene. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are also useful in formulating storage-stable vulcanizing agents for urethane rubber. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and its copolymers are produced with improved properties by incorporating Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) into the finished product. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are useful in formulating rigid polyurethane foams with improved fluidity during molding and with improved bonding strength. The viscosity of polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethanes can be reduced by means of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) without adversely affecting physical properties. Polyurethane coatings used to form pinhole-free films with good adhesive strength, applicable to electrical and electronic parts, utilize Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL). Isocyanates are processed and formulated using Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) to yield isocyanurate and polyisocyanate prepolymers used in various polyurethane applications. Gold refining of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is a selective solvent for the extraction of gold from hydrochloric acid solutions containing other metals. Treatment of the extract with a reducing agent such as oxalic acid reduces the trivalent gold to gold powder. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is most commonly utilized as a high-performance solvent for both laboratory and industrial applications. It effectively solvates digital inks and decorative ceramic inks, since Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is stable enough to withstand the high temperatures of these applications. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is also commonly used on small scales as an extraction solvent for gold from hydrochloric acid media, a process which results in an extremely high concentration of pure gold metal. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) can also be used as an intermediate in the production of siloxane-based adjuvants. APPLICATIONS of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) Glycol ethers, with the combination of ether, alcohol and hydrocarbon chain in one molecule, provide versatile solvency characteristics with both polar and non-polar properties. The chemical structure of long hydrocarbon chain resist to solubility in water, while ether or alcohol groups introduce the promoted hydrophilic solubility performance. This surfactant-like structure provides the compatibility between water and a number of organic solvents, and the ability to couple unlike phases. Glycol ethers are characterized by their wide range of hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances. glycol ethers are used as diluents and levelling agents in the manufacture of paints and baking finishes. Glycol ether series are used in the manufacture of nitrocellulose and combination lacquers. They are used as an additive in brake fluid. They are formulated for dying textiles and leathers and for insecticides and herbicides. They provides performance in cleaners products with oil-water dispersions. They are used in printing industries as they have a slow evaporation rate. They are used as a fixative for perfumes, germicides, bactericides, insect repellents and antiseptic. They are used as an additive for jet fuel to prevent ice buildup. Thje term of cellosolve refers to Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) or a group of glycol ether solvent as below. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) (2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol) is an organic compound, one of several glycol ether solvents. It is a colorless liquid with a low odour and high boiling point. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is mainly used as a solvent for paints and varnishes in the chemical industry, household detergents, brewing chemicals and textile processing. Production and Use of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL)) is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide and n-butanol with an alkalic catalyst. In pesticide products, Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) acts as an inert ingredient as a deactivator for formulation before the crop emerges from the soil and as a stabilizer. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is also a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and piperonyl acetate, and as a solvent in high baked enamels. Other applications of Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) are as a dispersant for vinyl chloride resins in organosols, a diluent for hydraulic brake fluids, and a mutual solvent for soap, oil, and water in household cleaners. The textile industry uses Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) as a wetting-out solution. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is also a solvent for nitrocellulose, oils, dyes, gums, soaps, and polymers. Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) is also used as coupling solvent in liquid cleaners, cutting fluids, and textile auxiliaries. In the printing industry, Butyl triglycol (bütil triglikol, BUTYL TRIGLYCOL) applications include: solvent in lacquers, paints, and printing inks; high boiling point solvent to improve gloss and flow properties; and used as a solubilizer in mineral oil products.

Butylated Hydroxyanisole; 2(3)-t-Butylhydroquinone monomethyl ether; 2(3)-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; antioxyne b; BHA; BOA; Butyl Hydroxyanisole; tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol; tert-butylhydroxyanisole; Vertac; cas no: 25013-16-5

Butyl Di Glycol (BDG); Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether; butoxydiglycol; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-; diethylene glycol butyl ether; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; butyl carbitol; butyldiglycol cas no:112-34-5

Butyl Di Glycol (BDG); Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether; butoxydiglycol; diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-; diethylene glycol butyl ether; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol; butyl carbitol; butyldiglycol cas no:112-34-5

4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Butylene Carbonate; 1,2-Butanediol cyclic carbonate; Carbonic acid cyclic ethylethylene ester CAS NO:4437-85-8

BUTYLENE CARBONATE, N° CAS : 4437-85-8, Nom INCI : BUTYLENE CARBONATE, Nom chimique : 1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état.; 1,2-Butylene carbonate ; 1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl- [ACD/Index Name];4437-85-8 [RN]; 4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-on [Dutch]; 4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-on [German] ;4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one ; 4-Éthyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one [French] ; 4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolanne-2-one [French]; 4-Etil-1,3-diossolan-2-one [Italian];BUTYLENE CARBONATE ; 1,2-Butanediol, cyclic carbonate; 1,2-Butylene glycol carbonate; 4 - Ethyl - 1,3 - dioxolan - 2 - one; 4-19-00-01571 [Beilstein]; 4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-on [Danish]; 4-Etil-1,3-dioxolan-2-ona [Spanish] 4-Etil-1,3-dioxolan-2-ona [Portuguese]; Carbonic acid, cyclic ethylethylene ester; EE4037804; Texacar F-100

BUTYLENE GLYCOL Butylene glycol is an organic alcohol used as a solvent and conditioning agent in cosmetics industry. It is a water soluble, colorless liquid. It is mainly used in leave-on and rinse-off formulations. BUTYLENE GLYCOL is classified as : Humectant Masking Skin conditioning Solvent Viscosity controlling CAS Number 107-88-0 EINECS/ELINCS No: 203-529-7 COSING REF No: 74756 Chem/IUPAC Name: Butane-1,3-diol Summary Butylene glycol is a chemical ingredient used in self-care products like: shampoo conditioner lotion anti-aging and hydrating serums sheet masks cosmetics sunscreen Butylene glycol is included in formulas for these types of products because it adds moisture and conditions hair and skin. It also works as a solvent, meaning it keeps other ingredients, dyes, and pigments from clumping up inside of a solution. Like all glycols, butylene glycol is a type of alcohol. It’s often made from distilled corn. There are some health concerns that surround the use of butylene glycol. Some experts warn against its use, and cite it on lists of ingredients to avoid when choosing self-care products. The risk in using butylene glycol is still somewhat unclear. More research is needed to understand how it can affect your body in the long term. Butylene glycol uses Butylene glycol is added to all kinds of products that you apply topically. It’s particularly popular in clear gel-based products and in makeup that glides onto your face. You’ll find it on the ingredients list of sheet masks, shampoos and conditioners, eye liners, lip liners, anti-aging and hydrating serums, tinted moisturizers, and sunscreens. Butylene glycol is a viscosity-decreasing agent “Viscosity” is a word that refers to how well things stick together, particularly in a compound or chemical mixture. Butylene glycol makes other ingredients less likely to stick together, giving makeup and self-care products a fluid and even consistency. Butylene glycol is a conditioning agent Conditioning agents are ingredients that add a layer of softness or improved texture to your hair or skin. They’re also called moisturizers or, in the case of butylene glycol, humectants. Butylene glycol works to condition skin and hair by coating the surface of your cells. Butylene glycol is a solvent Solvents are ingredients that maintain a liquid consistency in a chemical compound. They help active ingredients that could become gritty or clumpy stay dissolved. Butylene glycol keeps the ingredients in cosmetics spread out and in their desired state for use. Butylene glycol benefits Butylene glycol has some health benefits if you have dry skin on your face or frequent breakouts. But it won’t work the same way for every person. Generally, most people who have dry skin can use products with butylene glycol to reduce their symptoms. Butylene glycol for acne Butylene glycol is in some moisturizersTrusted Source made for people who have acne. It isn’t the active ingredient that treats acne in these products. The moisturizing and solvent properties in butylene glycol could make these products right for you. However, there are reports of this ingredient clogging pores or irritating skin and actually making acne worse. Based on your symptoms, the cause of your acne, and your skin sensitivity, butylene glycol may be an ingredient that works in your skin care regimen. Butylene glycol side effects and precautions Butylene glycol is considered to be largely safe for use as a topical skin care ingredient. While it’s a type of alcohol, it doesn’t typically irritate or dry out skin. Can I have a butylene glycol allergy? It’s possible to have an allergy to nearly any ingredient, and butylene glycol is no different. There’s at least one report of an allergy to butylene glycol in the medical literature. But an allergic reaction caused by butylene glycol is uncommonTrusted Source. Butylene glycol during pregnancy Butylene glycol hasn’t been deeply studied in pregnant women. A 1985 study of pregnant rats demonstrated that this ingredient had negative effects on the developing animals. Anecdotally, some people recommend staying away from all glycol and petroleum products during pregnancy. Speak with a doctor about these products if you’re concerned. Butylene glycol vs. propylene glycol Butylene glycol is similar to another chemical compound called propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is added to food products, cosmetics, and even de-icing agents, like antifreeze. All glycols are a type of alcohol, and butylene and propylene glycol have a similar molecular shape. Propylene glycol isn’t used in the same way as butylene glycol. It’s more popular as an emulsifier, anti-caking agent, and texturizer in your food. However, like butylene glycol, propylene glycol is considered mostly safe when ingested in small amounts or when included in skin care products. Takeaway Butylene glycol is a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skin care products that’s safe for most people to use. We aren’t sure how common it is to be allergic to this ingredient, but it appears to be quite rare. Butylene glycol may help condition your hair and make your skin feel softer. Studies point to its relative safety. It's no secret that the beauty community has a tendency to take part in "cancel culture" when it comes to ingredients that we used to love (or at the very least, be okay with) and, when backed by science, this is rightfully so—our skin, a permeable gateway to our bodies, is precious and should be treated with the utmost care. One ingredient largely being dropped from product formulas as a result of the backlash is propylene glycol, and alternative ingredients are rising to take its place. Enter: Butylene glycol, a slightly larger chemical compound, which is found to be far less irritating. With expert insight from Morgan Rabach, MD, a board-certified dermatologist and co-founder of LM Medical in NYC and cosmetic chemist Ron Robinson of BeautyStat.com, we take a further look into the pros and cons of butylene glycol to figure out why it's used as a substitute for propylene glycol. Keep reading to find out everything there is to know about the ingredient that’s becoming increasingly popular in your skincare. BUTYLENE GLYCOL TYPE OF INGREDIENT: Humectant, solvent, and emollient MAIN BENEFITS: Retains moisture, dissolves ingredients, and improves application. WHO SHOULD USE IT: In general, anyone looking for a way to effectively moisturize their skin. HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE IT: Butylene glycol is safe for daily use for those who do not have an allergy to it or very sensitive skin. WORKS WELL WITH: As a solvent, butylene glycol works well with ingredients that are not water-soluble and are difficult to dissolve. DON'T USE WITH: Butylene glycol works well with most, if not all, ingredients. What Is Butylene Glycol? Butylene glycol is an organic alcohol derived from petroleum and is water-soluble. For cosmetic purposes, it comes in a liquid form and is found in countless skincare products such as cleansers, moisturizers, and masks, as well as makeup and haircare products. Butylene glycol has many different roles in skincare formulations (it's a humectant, solvent, and emollient) and is used as an alternative to the more commonly known controversial ingredient propylene glycol. Benefits of Butylene Glycol for Skin As a multifunctional ingredient in cosmetics, butylene glycol does a little bit of everything: Attracts water: Robinson says butylene glycol is a humectant, which means it binds water and pulls in hydration to the outer layer of the skin. Enhances penetration: By breaking down hard-to-dissolve active ingredients, butylene glycol improves penetration, which, as a result, helps the product perform more effectively. Conditions and smooths: In addition to being a humectant, butylene glycol can also function as an emollient by creating a barrier on the skin, which prevents water loss and softens and conditions. Butylene Glycol vs. Propylene Glycol Since both of these ingredients are derived from petroleum products, available in the form of a colorless liquid, and used in product formulations for the same reasons, it's easy to get them confused. According to Robinson, butylene glycol and propylene glycol are in the same class of compounds and function similarly as well. However, Robinson says unlike butylene glycol, propylene glycol is considered to be much more irritating to consumers. In fact, propylene glycol was even named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year in 2018. For that reason, he says many brands have removed it from their formulas and turned to alternatives, such as butylene glycol, instead. What you've heard about both ingredients being used in antifreeze is true, but neither is considered to be toxic (unlike another closely related ingredient that is also used in antifreeze called ethylene glycol—this ingredient is considered to be harmful and should definitely be avoided). Despite concerns and skepticism around butylene and propylene glycol, the EWG rates propylene glycol at 3 out of 10 (10 being the most hazardous) on their “danger scale” and butylene glycol at the lowest possible hazard rating: 1. Side Effects of Butylene Glycol It's important to note that just because an ingredient is derived from petroleum doesn't automatically make it dangerous to use. In its final chemical structure form, butylene glycol is considered safe for cosmetic use. Studies show that butylene glycol is an ingredient with low-levels of irritation, and the occurrence of allergic contact dermatitis is rare, although still a possibility. It can be irritating to people with very sensitive skin, and these skin types should avoid this ingredient if it leads to allergic rashes, according to Rabach and Robinson. If you do experience irritation or an itchy rash, discontinue use of the product and consult a physician. With formal patch testing, your dermatologist or allergist can determine if butylene glycol is the cause of your reaction. How to Use It Because butylene glycol is such a versatile ingredient and is found in so many products, there isn’t one certain way to apply it. In general, Rabach says butylene glycol is safe for daily use. As far as when to use products containing the ingredient, how often to use it, or how much should be used, consult your dermatologist or follow the directions specified on the product label. One of the common reader requests I get is for “toxic” ingredient breakdowns, so today I’m looking at two ingredients that are commonly on “avoid” lists: propylene and butylene glycol. WHAT ARE PROPYLENE AND BUTYLENE GLYCOL, AND ARE THEY SAFE? Affiliate Disclosure: I receive a small commission for purchases made via affiliate links. One of the common reader requests I get is for “toxic” ingredient breakdowns, so today I’m looking at two ingredients that are commonly on “avoid” lists: propylene and butylene glycol. What are propylene and butylene glycol, and are they safe? WHAT ARE PROPYLENE AND BUTYLENE GLYCOL? Glycols in chemistry are ingredients that contain two OH (alcohol) groups. Propylene glycol contains 3 carbon atoms, while butylene glycol is a little larger and contains 4 carbon atoms. In glycols, the alcohol groups are attached to different carbons. Confusingly, the names “propylene glycol” and “butylene glycol” can refer to several slightly different substances, since there are a few choices of carbon atoms for the OH groups to be attached to. Propylene glycol usually refers to propane-1,2-diol (formerly known as 1,2-propanediol). The less commonly used propane-1,3-diol is also sometimes called propylene glycol, but usually in cosmetics it’s called “propanediol”. Propanediol is become more popular since propylene glycol’s been on all these watchlists. What are propylene and butylene glycol, and are they safe? It’s a similar story for butylene glycol. “Butylene glycol ” usually means butane-1,3-diol, but sometimes it’s also used to refer to the related butane-2,3-diol. What are propylene and butylene glycol, and are they safe? WHAT DO PROPYLENE AND BUTYLENE GLYCOL DO IN PRODUCTS? Alcohol (OH) groups on ingredients usually make them good humectant moisturisers that can hold onto water and keep your skin or hair hydrated. For example, glycerin has almost the same structure as propylene glycol, but with an additional alcohol group. Propylene and butylene glycol are both humectant moisturisers. Propylene and butylene glycol are also commonly used in products as solvents. They’re good at dissolving ingredients that aren’t very water-soluble. This means you end up with a more effective product since dissolved ingredients can spread out on your skin better and penetrate. Additionally, they can have antimicrobial effects and boost the effectiveness of preservatives. Propylene glycol is a bit more common in products than butylene glycol. Both ingredients are commonly used in a ton of products, such as serums, moisturisers, toothpaste, shampoos and cleansers. They’re often also the main ingredients (after water) in sheet masks. They have a slightly slimy, goopy feel. You’ll also find propylene glycol used as antifreeze, and in foods (it gets metabolised into lactic acid after you eat it). A few skin conditions can also be treated with propylene glycol, including seborrheic dermatitis and ichthyosis. WHAT’S WRONG WITH PROPYLENE AND BUTYLENE GLYCOL? There are a whole bunch of reasons why people tell you to avoid propylene and butylene glycol – let’s take a look at them. “THEY’RE PETROLEUM-DERIVED” The word “petroleum” is pretty scary for most people, since it makes you think of oil spills and toxic waste. But a lot of non-scary chemicals can be derived from petroleum too – for example, almost all plastics are made from petroleum. Where something comes from doesn’t tell you much about its toxicity. “THEY’RE USED AS ANTI-FREEZE” An anti-freeze is a substance that decreases the freezing point of water. The “scary” anti-freeze that causes poisoning is ethylene glycol, which is much like propylene and butylene glycol, but with only 2 carbons. What are propylene and butylene glycol, and are they safe? The three substances are similar in lots of ways, since they all have two OH groups: they’re all colourless liquids and work well as solvents, and they all work as anti-freezes. But a slightly longer or shorter carbon chain can make a big difference in terms of toxicity. 10 mL of ethanol (e.g. in the form of a shot of tequila) is quite fun and enjoyable for most people, but if you take off a carbon you get methanol, which is super toxic – 10 mL can make you go blind. Same deal with the glycols – ethylene glycol is far more toxic than propylene and butylene glycol. “THEY’RE SO DANGEROUS WORKERS NEED LOTS OF PROTECTION TO HANDLE THEM” A few places warn that workers need to wear special equipment when handling these chemicals. These warnings come from the MSDS (material safety data sheets), which list the precautions for handling the raw material. But these warnings need to capture the worst case scenarios, and are for very large, highly concentrated amounts of the substance. The MSDS information sounds scary even for otherwise safe substances. For example, sodium chloride (table salt) gets scary phrases like: A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the product May affect behavior (muscle spasticity/contraction, somnolence), sense organs, metabolism, and cardiovascular system. May cause adverse reproductive effects and birth defects in animals, particularly rats and mice (fetotoxicity, abortion, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and maternal effects (effects on ovaries, fallopian tubes) “THEY CAN CORRODE STAINLESS STEEL CONTAINERS – IMAGINE WHAT THEY DO TO YOUR FACE!” The MSDS also says that the glycols can corrode steel containers, which has led some people to say that “if they can corrode steel, imagine what they can do to your skin!” Luckily our skin isn’t steel… since water also corrodes steel. “THEY’RE PENETRATION ENHANCERS” Since propylene and butylene glycol are penetration enhancers that can help other ingredients enter your skin, many “toxic ingredient” lists say that they’ll increase penetration of other toxic ingredients into the bloodstream. This is technically true, but: this means they’ll also help actives that you want in your skin penetrate, and a lot of really unexciting things are also penetration enhancers, like water on your skin from cleansing. “THEY CAN CAUSE IRRITATING AND ALLERGIC REACTIONS” Here’s the actual legitimate issue with propylene and butylene glycol: in high concentrations, they can be irritating, and very rarely they can cause allergic reactions. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review, who investigate cosmetic ingredients, have found that both propylene glycol and butylene glycol are safe when used in products that are designed to be non-irritating – in general, this means that propylene glycol can be used in products at up to 50% concentration (although most products will contain less than 20%), while butylene glycol can be used pure without many problems. Propylene glycol is a bit more irritating than butylene glycol. Unsurprisingly, irritation with propylene glycol has been found to be worse when the product’s applied and then covered, and on broken skin as well. It’s also possible to have a true allergy to propylene and butylene glycol, where your immune system gets triggered by them, but it seems to be extremely rare. Being allergic to propylene glycol doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll be allergic to butylene glycol. ARE PROPYLENE AND BUTYLENE GLYCOL WORTH WORRYING ABOUT? Even the EWG, which usually is pretty scaremongery and chemophobic, only rates propylene glycol at 3 on their “danger scale” and butylene glycol at 1. If you’re sensitive to propylene or butylene glycol, you’ll notice that products with large quantities might make your skin itchy and irritated, and you’ll want to avoid those. But otherwise, they’re very safe ingredients. butylene glycol Rating: GOOD Categories: Texture Enhancer Commonly-used ingredient that has multiple functions in cosmetics, including as a texture enhancer. It’s similar to propylene glycol, but has a lighter texture. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review board has evaluated several toxicology tests and other research concerning butylene glycol and has determined it is safe as used in cosmetics products. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has even determined that butylene glycol is safe as a food additive. Butylene Glycol What Is Butylene Glycol? Butylene Glycol, Hexylene Glycol, Ethoxydiglycol and Dipropylene Glycol are clear, practically colorless, liquids. In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products. Why is Butylene Glycol used in cosmetics and personal care products? Butylene Glycol, Hexylene Glycol, Ethoxydiglycol and Dipropylene Glycol are used as solvents and viscosity decreasing agents in cosmtics and personal care products. Scientific Facts: Butylene Glycol, or 1,3-Butanediol, dissolves most essential oils and synthetic flavoring substances. Butylene Glycol, Hexylene Glycol, Ethoxydiglycol and Dipropylene Glycol are glycols or glycol ethers. Glycols are a class of alcohols that contain two hydroxyl groups which are also called a diols.

Nom INCI : BUTYLGLYCERIN Nom chimique : 3-Butoxypropan-1,3-diol

2-Butoxyethanol, Butyl Cellosolve ; ETHYLENEGLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER; 2-Butoxy ethanol; Butyl cellosolve; Dowanol EB; Butyl oxitol; Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether; n-Butyl Cellosolve; Ethylene Glycol Mono-n-butyl Ether; butoxyethanol; Beta-butoxyethanol; Ethylene glycol butyl ether; n-butoxyethanol; 2-butoxy-1-ethanol; o-butyl ethylene glycol; glycol ether eb acetate; monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol; monobutyl glycol ether; 3-oxa-1-heptanol; poly-solv eb; 2-n-Butoxyethanol; 2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol; -Butossi-etanolo (Italian); 2-Butoxy-aethanol (GERMAN); Butoksyetylowy alkohol (Polish); Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol (Spanish); Ether monobutylique de L'ethyleneglycol (French); cas no:11-76-2

Nom INCI : BUTYLOCTYL PALMITATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau

Triglycol Monobutyl Ether; Butoxytriglycol; BTG; 2-(2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol; 3,6,9-Trioxatridecan-1-ol; Butyl Triglycol Ether; cas no:143-22-6

SYNONYMS Butanic Acid; Butanoic Acid; Propylformic Acid; Butyrate; CAS NO. 107-92-6

SYNONYMS C12-C14 Alcohols ethoxylated propoxylated;Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated propoxylated;Ethoxylated propoxylated C12-14 alcohols CAS NO:68439-51-0

C 12 14 ALCOHOL 6 EO Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated 1 - 2.5 moles ethoxylated Regulatory process names 1 IUPAC names 30 Trade names 377 Other identifiers 25 Print infocardOpen Brief Profile Substance identity Help EC / List no.: 500-213-3 CAS no.: 68439-50-9 Mol. formula: (C2H4O)1-3(CH2)10-12C2H6O formula Hazard classification & labelling Help Warning! According to the classification provided by companies to ECHA in REACH registrations C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is very toxic to aquatic life and is harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. About C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Helpful information C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area in 100 000 - 1 000 000 tonnes per year. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, plant protection products, fertilisers, lubricants and greases, air care products and fuels. Other release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids). Article service life ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and health services. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Other release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Formulation or re-packing C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, fertilisers and cosmetics and personal care products. Release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and formulation in materials. Uses at industrial sites C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles and fabricated metal products. Release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and formulation of mixtures. Manufacture of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance. How to use C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) safely Help ECHA has no data from registration dossiers on the precautionary measures for using C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). Guidance on the safe use of the substance provided by manufacturers and importers of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). C 12 14 7 EO non-ionic surfactant. Latronol L 7 is a colorless and odorless liquid and efficient (O/W) oil in water emulsifier. It is also biodegradable. Can be used in homecare, textile, paintings/coatings and agricultural applications. C12-14 Alcohol Ethoxylates (7EO) (C12-14 AE7) oleochemical non-ionic surfactant Substance Identification IUPAC Name Alcohols, C12-14(even numbered), ethoxylated CAS Number 68439-50-9 Other Names Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate Molecular Formula of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) UVCB substance (substances of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products or Biological materials), no univocal molecular formula available Structural formula of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO): Physical/Chemical Properties of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) [1,2] Molecular Weight of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 494.70 -522.75 g/mol Physical state of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO): Liquid Appearance of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Colourless, homogenous and opaque Odour of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Slight characteristic Density of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 0.9 g/cm³ at 20 °C (proxy from C12-14 AE2) Melting Points of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 25 - 35 °C Boiling point of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 266.95 °C at 101.4 kPa (proxy from C12-14 AE2) Flash Point of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 149 °C at 101.4 kPa (proxy from C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) , ethoxylated (1-2.5 EO)) Vapour Pressure of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 0.014 - 0.11 Pa at 25°C Water Solubility C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 15 mg/l at 25°C Flammability C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) No data available Explosive Properties C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) No data available Surface Tension C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 27 mN/m at 20°C (proxy from C12-14 AE2) Octanol/water Partition coefficient (Kow) log KOW = 4.63 - 5.71 Product and Process Description C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is a non-ionic surfactant, belonging to the group of alcohol ethoxylates, with 7 moles of cradle-to-gate production for C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is a petrochemical surfactant. The ERASM SLE project recommends to use the data provided in a full ‘cradle-to-grave' life cycle context of the surfactant in a real application. Further information on the ERASM SLE project and the source of these datasets can be found in [3]. The full LCI can be accessed via www.erasm.org or via http://lcdn.thinkstep.com/Node/ Goal and Scope of ERASM SLE Project [3] The main goal was to update the existing LCI inventories [4,6] for the production of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) and its main precursors/intermediates. Temporal Coverage Data collected represents a 12 month averages of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) production in the year 2011, to compensate seasonal influence of data. The dataset is considered to be valid until substantial technological changes in the production chain occur. Geographical Coverage Current data were based on three suppliers representing C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) production in Europe. The geographical representativeness for C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) was considered ‘good' Technological Coverage The technological representativeness for C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) was considered ‘good'. Figure 1 provides a schematic overview of the production process of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). Representativeness for market volume >60% (Represented market volume (in mass) covered by primary data used in ERASM SLE project) Declared Unit In ERASM SLE project the declared unit (functional unit) and reference flow is one thousand kilogram (1000 kg) of surfactant active ingredient. This was the reference unit also used in [4]. Functional Unit: 1 metric tonne of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 100% active substance. Allocation For C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) production, allocation was not applied to the foreground system. The high value for carbon uptake of the C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate is due to the main precursor C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) based on palm kernel oil and coconut oil. As C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) has a lower GWP than the alcohol, a higher share of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) in C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) results in a lower GWP than for C12-14 AE3. The alcohol ethoxylates based on fatty alcohols from natural sources have a lower global warming potential compared to those based on petrochemical feedstock C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is a non-ionic surfactant, belonging to the group of alcohol ethoxylates, with 7 moles of ethylene oxide. The alcohol ethoxylates with seven ethylene oxide units are produced by the reaction of C12-C14 fatty alcohols (oleo) with ethylene oxide. The addition of ethylene oxide to C12-14 fatty alcohols leads to a distribution of homologue polyethylene glycol ether groups. The ethoxylation reaction can be catalyzed by alkaline catalysts as e.g. potassium hydroxide or by acidic catalysts as e.g. boron trifluoride or zinc chloride. For detergent range alcohol ethoxylates, the alkaline catalysis is normally used. The intermediate ethylene oxide is industrially produced by direct oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst (Further details of the ethylene oxide production are explained in the Eco Profile fact sheet of the precursor ethylene oxide. Applications of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Personal Care: Foaming Agent in Shampoos and Bath Gels. Detergents: Wetting Agent in Detergents, Laundry Pre-spotters and Hard Surface Cleaners Surfactants and Esters: Surfactant Intermediate, Sulfonated to Make SLES (Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate). Used both in household and industrial products. cradle-to-gate production for C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is a petrochemical surfactant. The ERASM SLE project recommends to use the data provided in a full ‘cradle-to-grave' life cycle context of the surfactant in a real application. Further information on the ERASM SLE project and the source of these datasets can be found in Based on the LCI data an environmental impact assessment was performed for the indicators Primary Energy Demand (PED) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). Other impacts may be calculated from the full LCI dataset. Primary Energy Demand (PED): An analysis of the inventory data showed that the main contribution comes from the main raw materials C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) and ethylene oxide (together about 90% contributions). Electricity and thermal energy generation each cause 3-5% of the PED. Direct process emissions, other chemicals, utilities, process waste treatment, and transport do not have relevant influence (each smaller 0.5%). The alcohol ethoxylates based on fatty alcohols from natural sources have a lower primary energy demand compared to those based on petrochemical feedstock. Global Warming Potential (GWP): An analysis of the inventory data showed that the main contribution comes from the main raw materials C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) and ethylene oxide (together about 90% contributions). Electricity and thermal energy generation each cause 3-5% of the GWP. Direct process emissions, other chemicals, utilities, process waste treatment, and transport do not have relevant influence (each smaller 0.5%). The high value for carbon uptake of the C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate is due to the main precursor C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) based on palm kernel oil and coconut oil. As EO has a lower GWP than the alcohol, a higher share of EO in C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) results in a lower GWP than for C12-14 AE3. The alcohol ethoxylates based on fatty alcohols from natural sources have a lower global warming potential compared to those C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) consumption by adult women is consistently associated with risk of breast cancer. Several questions regarding alcohol and breast cancer need to be addressed. Menarche to first pregnancy represents a window of time when breast tissue is particularly susceptible to carcinogens. Youth alcohol consumption is common in the USA, largely in the form of binge drinking and heavy drinking. Whether alcohol intake acts early in the process of breast tumorigenesis is unclear. This review aims to focus on the influences of timing and patterns of alcohol consumption and the effect of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) on intermediate risk markers. We also review possible mechanisms underlying the alcohol-breast cancer association. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO)l is considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to be causally related to breast cancer risk [1], with a 7-10% increase in risk for each 10 g (~1 drink) alcohol consumed daily by adult women [2-4]. This association is observed in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Compared with other organs, breast appears to be more susceptible to carcinogenic effects of alcohol. The risk of breast cancer is significantly increased by 4-15% for light alcohol consumption (?1 drink/day or ?12.5 g/day) [2,5,6] which does not significantly increase cancer risk in other organs of women [7]. This raises a clinical and public health concern because nearly half of women of child-bearing age drink alcohol and 15% of drinkers at this age have four or more drinks at a time [8]. Approximately 4-10% of breast cancers in the USA are attributable to alcohol consumption [2,5,6], accounting for 9000-23,000 new invasive breast cancer cases each year. Therefore, better understanding of how alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk is crucial for developing breast cancer prevention strategies. As previous meta-analyses and systemic reviews comprehensively summarized the association between adult alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk [3,5,9,10], here we reviewed the recent epidemiologic evidence, with special emphasis on timing and patterns of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) on sumption and the effect of alcohol on intermediate markers. In addition, we discussed up-to-date mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the association and provide guidance for clinicians on preventive messages. Production of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) The process was developed at the Ludwigshafen laboratories of I.G. Farben by Conrad Schöller and Max Wittwer during the 1930s.[3][4] Alcohol ethoxysulfates C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) found in consumer products generally are linear alcohols, which could be mixtures of entirely linear alkyl chains or of both linear and mono-branched alkyl chains.[17][page needed] A high-volume example of these is sodium laureth sulfate a foaming agent in shampoos and toothpastes, as well as industrial detergents. Alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) Human health Alcohol ethoxylates are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects.[18] One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen.[19] Undiluted C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products.[16] Aquatic and environmental aspects C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) are usually released down the drain, where they may be adsorbed into solids and biodegrade through anaerobic processes, with ~28-58% degraded in the sewer.[20][non-primary source needed] The remaining C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) are treated at waste water treatment plants and biodegraded via aerobic processes with less than 0.8% of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) released in effluent.[20] If released into surface waters, sediment or soil, C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) will degrade through aerobic and anaerobic processes or be taken up by plants and animals. Toxicity to certain invertebrates has a range of EC50 values for linear AE from 0.1 mg/l to greater than 100 mg/l. For branched alcohol exthoxylates, toxicity ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 50 mg/l.[16] The EC50 toxicity for algae from linear and branched AEs was 0.05 mg/l to 50 mg/l. Acute toxicity to fish ranges from LC50 values for linear AE of 0.4 mg/l to 100 mg/l, and branched is 0.25 mg/l to 40 mg/l. For invertebrates, algae and fish the essentially linear and branched C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) are considered to not have greater toxicity than Linear AE.[16] Alcohol ethoxysulfates (AESs) Biodegradation The degradation of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) proceeds by ?- or ß-oxidation of the alkyl chain, enzymatic hydrolysis of the sulfate ester, and by cleavage of an ether bond in the AES producing alcohol or alcohol ethoxylate and an ethylene glycol sulfate. Studies of aerobic processes also found C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) to be readily biodegradable.[12] The half-life of both AE and C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) in surface water is estimated to be less than 12 hours.[21][non-primary source needed] The removal of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) due to degradation via anaerobic processes is estimated to be between 75 and 87%. Aquatic Flow-through laboratory tests in a terminal pool of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) with mollusks found the NOEC of a snail, Goniobasis and the Asian clam, Corbicula to be greater than 730 ug/L. Corbicula growth was measured to be affected at a concentration of 75 ug/L.[22][non-primary source needed] The mayfly, genus Tricorythodes has a normalized density NOEC value of 190 ug/L.[23][non-primary source needed] Human Safety C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) has not been found to be genotoxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. Alcohols, C12-14, ethoxylated 1 - 2.5 moles ethoxylated Regulatory process names 1 IUPAC names 30 Trade names 377 Other identifiers 25 Print infocardOpen Brief Profile Substance identity Help EC / List no.: 500-213-3 CAS no.: 68439-50-9 Mol. formula: (C2H4O)1-3(CH2)10-12C2H6O formula Hazard classification & labelling Help Warning! According to the classification provided by companies to ECHA in REACH registrations C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is very toxic to aquatic life and is harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. About C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Helpful information C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area in 100 000 - 1 000 000 tonnes per year. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, plant protection products, fertilisers, lubricants and greases, air care products and fuels. Other release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids). Article service life ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and health services. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Other release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use. Formulation or re-packing C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, fertilisers and cosmetics and personal care products. Release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and formulation in materials. Uses at industrial sites C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles and fabricated metal products. Release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and formulation of mixtures. Manufacture of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Release to the environment of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance. How to use C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) safely Help ECHA has no data from registration dossiers on the precautionary measures for using C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). Guidance on the safe use of the substance provided by manufacturers and importers of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). C 12 14 7 EO non-ionic surfactant. Latronol L 7 is a colorless and odorless liquid and efficient (O/W) oil in water emulsifier. It is also biodegradable. Can be used in homecare, textile, paintings/coatings and agricultural applications. C12-14 Alcohol Ethoxylates (7EO) (C12-14 AE7) oleochemical non-ionic surfactant Substance Identification IUPAC Name Alcohols, C12-14(even numbered), ethoxylated CAS Number 68439-50-9 Other Names Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate Molecular Formula of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) UVCB substance (substances of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products or Biological materials), no univocal molecular formula available Structural formula of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO): Physical/Chemical Properties of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) [1,2] Molecular Weight of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 494.70 -522.75 g/mol Physical state of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO): Liquid Appearance of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Colourless, homogenous and opaque Odour of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Slight characteristic Density of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 0.9 g/cm³ at 20 °C (proxy from C12-14 AE2) Melting Points of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 25 - 35 °C Boiling point of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 266.95 °C at 101.4 kPa (proxy from C12-14 AE2) Flash Point of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 149 °C at 101.4 kPa (proxy from C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) , ethoxylated (1-2.5 EO)) Vapour Pressure of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 0.014 - 0.11 Pa at 25°C Water Solubility C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 15 mg/l at 25°C Flammability C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) No data available Explosive Properties C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) No data available Surface Tension C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 27 mN/m at 20°C (proxy from C12-14 AE2) Octanol/water Partition coefficient (Kow) log KOW = 4.63 - 5.71 Product and Process Description C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is a non-ionic surfactant, belonging to the group of alcohol ethoxylates, with 7 moles of cradle-to-gate production for C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is a petrochemical surfactant. The ERASM SLE project recommends to use the data provided in a full ‘cradle-to-grave' life cycle context of the surfactant in a real application. Further information on the ERASM SLE project and the source of these datasets can be found in [3]. The full LCI can be accessed via www.erasm.org or via http://lcdn.thinkstep.com/Node/ Goal and Scope of ERASM SLE Project [3] The main goal was to update the existing LCI inventories [4,6] for the production of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) and its main precursors/intermediates. Temporal Coverage Data collected represents a 12 month averages of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) production in the year 2011, to compensate seasonal influence of data. The dataset is considered to be valid until substantial technological changes in the production chain occur. Geographical Coverage Current data were based on three suppliers representing C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) production in Europe. The geographical representativeness for C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) was considered ‘good' Technological Coverage The technological representativeness for C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) was considered ‘good'. Figure 1 provides a schematic overview of the production process of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). Representativeness for market volume >60% (Represented market volume (in mass) covered by primary data used in ERASM SLE project) Declared Unit In ERASM SLE project the declared unit (functional unit) and reference flow is one thousand kilogram (1000 kg) of surfactant active ingredient. This was the reference unit also used in [4]. Functional Unit: 1 metric tonne of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) 100% active substance. Allocation For C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) production, allocation was not applied to the foreground system. The high value for carbon uptake of the C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate is due to the main precursor C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) based on palm kernel oil and coconut oil. As C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) has a lower GWP than the alcohol, a higher share of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) in C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) results in a lower GWP than for C12-14 AE3. The alcohol ethoxylates based on fatty alcohols from natural sources have a lower global warming potential compared to those based on petrochemical feedstock C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is a non-ionic surfactant, belonging to the group of alcohol ethoxylates, with 7 moles of ethylene oxide. The alcohol ethoxylates with seven ethylene oxide units are produced by the reaction of C12-C14 fatty alcohols (oleo) with ethylene oxide. The addition of ethylene oxide to C12-14 fatty alcohols leads to a distribution of homologue polyethylene glycol ether groups. The ethoxylation reaction can be catalyzed by alkaline catalysts as e.g. potassium hydroxide or by acidic catalysts as e.g. boron trifluoride or zinc chloride. For detergent range alcohol ethoxylates, the alkaline catalysis is normally used. The intermediate ethylene oxide is industrially produced by direct oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst (Further details of the ethylene oxide production are explained in the Eco Profile fact sheet of the precursor ethylene oxide. Applications of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) Personal Care: Foaming Agent in Shampoos and Bath Gels. Detergents: Wetting Agent in Detergents, Laundry Pre-spotters and Hard Surface Cleaners Surfactants and Esters: Surfactant Intermediate, Sulfonated to Make SLES (Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate). Used both in household and industrial products. cradle-to-gate production for C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO). C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) is a petrochemical surfactant. The ERASM SLE project recommends to use the data provided in a full ‘cradle-to-grave' life cycle context of the surfactant in a real application. Further information on the ERASM SLE project and the source of these datasets can be found in Based on the LCI data an environmental impact assessment was performed for the indicators Primary Energy Demand (PED) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). Other impacts may be calculated from the full LCI dataset. Primary Energy Demand (PED): An analysis of the inventory data showed that the main contribution comes from the main raw materials C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) and ethylene oxide (together about 90% contributions). Electricity and thermal energy generation each cause 3-5% of the PED. Direct process emissions, other chemicals, utilities, process waste treatment, and transport do not have relevant influence (each smaller 0.5%). The alcohol ethoxylates based on fatty alcohols from natural sources have a lower primary energy demand compared to those based on petrochemical feedstock. Global Warming Potential (GWP): An analysis of the inventory data showed that the main contribution comes from the main raw materials C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) and ethylene oxide (together about 90% contributions). Electricity and thermal energy generation each cause 3-5% of the GWP. Direct process emissions, other chemicals, utilities, process waste treatment, and transport do not have relevant influence (each smaller 0.5%). The high value for carbon uptake of the C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate is due to the main precursor C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) based on palm kernel oil and coconut oil. As EO has a lower GWP than the alcohol, a higher share of EO in C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) results in a lower GWP than for C12-14 AE3. The alcohol ethoxylates based on fatty alcohols from natural sources have a lower global warming potential compared to those C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) consumption by adult women is consistently associated with risk of breast cancer. Several questions regarding alcohol and breast cancer need to be addressed. Menarche to first pregnancy represents a window of time when breast tissue is particularly susceptible to carcinogens. Youth alcohol consumption is common in the USA, largely in the form of binge drinking and heavy drinking. Whether alcohol intake acts early in the process of breast tumorigenesis is unclear. This review aims to focus on the influences of timing and patterns of alcohol consumption and the effect of C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO) on intermediate risk markers. We also review possible mechanisms underlying the alcohol-breast cancer association. C 12 14 Alcohol 6 EO(C 12 14 Alkol 6 EO)l is considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to be causally related to breast cancer risk [1], with a 7-10% increase in risk for each 10 g (~1 drink) alcohol consumed daily by adult women [2-4]. This association is observed in both premenopausal and p

SYNONYMS alcohols,c12-18,ethoxylated; Alcohols,C12-18-ethoxylated; alfonic1218-70; alfonic1218-70l; belitem3; cemulsoldb311; dehydol100;FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER;(C12-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; C12-18 Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; EC 500-201-8; Ethoxylated C12-18 alcohols; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(C12-C18) alkyl-omega-hydroxy-; Systematic Name Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated;Superlist Names Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated; alpha-Alkyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxypropylene) and/or poly(oxyethylene) CAS NO:68213-23-0

SYNONYMS alcohols,c12-18,ethoxylated; Alcohols,C12-18-ethoxylated; alfonic1218-70; alfonic1218-70l; belitem3; cemulsoldb311; dehydol100;FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER;(C12-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; C12-18 Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; EC 500-201-8; Ethoxylated C12-18 alcohols; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(C12-C18) alkyl-omega-hydroxy-; Systematic Name Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated;Superlist Names Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated; alpha-Alkyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxypropylene) and/or poly(oxyethylene) CAS NO:68213-23-0

SYNONYMS alcohols,c12-18,ethoxylated; Alcohols,C12-18-ethoxylated; alfonic1218-70; alfonic1218-70l; belitem3; cemulsoldb311; dehydol100;FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER;(C12-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; C12-18 Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; EC 500-201-8; Ethoxylated C12-18 alcohols; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(C12-C18) alkyl-omega-hydroxy-; Systematic Name Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated;Superlist Names Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated; alpha-Alkyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxypropylene) and/or poly(oxyethylene) CAS NO:68213-23-0

SYNONYMS alcohols,c12-18,ethoxylated; Alcohols,C12-18-ethoxylated; alfonic1218-70; alfonic1218-70l; belitem3; cemulsoldb311; dehydol100;FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER;(C12-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; C12-18 Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; EC 500-201-8; Ethoxylated C12-18 alcohols; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(C12-C18) alkyl-omega-hydroxy-; Systematic Name Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated;Superlist Names Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated; alpha-Alkyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxypropylene) and/or poly(oxyethylene) CAS NO:68213-23-0

SYNONYMS alcohols,c12-18,ethoxylated; Alcohols,C12-18-ethoxylated; alfonic1218-70; alfonic1218-70l; belitem3; cemulsoldb311; dehydol100;FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER;(C12-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; C12-18 Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; EC 500-201-8; Ethoxylated C12-18 alcohols; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(C12-C18) alkyl-omega-hydroxy-; Systematic Name Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated;Superlist Names Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated; alpha-Alkyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxypropylene) and/or poly(oxyethylene) CAS NO:68213-23-0

SYNONYMS alcohols,c12-18,ethoxylated; Alcohols,C12-18-ethoxylated; alfonic1218-70; alfonic1218-70l; belitem3; cemulsoldb311; dehydol100;FATTY ALCOHOL POLYGLYCOL ETHER;(C12-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; C12-18 Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; EC 500-201-8; Ethoxylated C12-18 alcohols; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(C12-C18) alkyl-omega-hydroxy-; Systematic Name Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated;Superlist Names Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated; alpha-Alkyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxypropylene) and/or poly(oxyethylene) CAS NO:68213-23-0

SYNONYMS alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear; Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear;alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Einecs 287-625-4 CAS NO:85566-16-1

SYNONYMS alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear; Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear;alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Einecs 287-625-4 CAS NO:85566-16-1

SYNONYMS alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear; Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear;alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Einecs 287-625-4 CAS NO:85566-16-1

SYNONYMS alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear; Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear;alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Einecs 287-625-4 CAS NO:85566-16-1

SYNONYMS alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear; Alcohols, C13-15-branched and linear;alcohols C13-15 branched & linear;Einecs 287-625-4 CAS NO:85566-16-1

SYNONYMS alcohols,c16-18,ethoxylated;Alcohols,C16-18-ethoxylated;AliphaticC16-18-alcohol,ethoxylated;C16-18-Alkylalcohol,ethoxylate;C16-18-Alkylalcoholethoxylate;cremophor¨a25;ethoxylatedfattyalcohols(c16-18);CETEARETH-2 CAS NO:68439-49-6

SYNONYMS alcohols,c16-18,ethoxylated;Alcohols,C16-18-ethoxylated;AliphaticC16-18-alcohol,ethoxylated;C16-18-Alkylalcohol,ethoxylate;C16-18-Alkylalcoholethoxylate;cremophor¨a25;ethoxylatedfattyalcohols(c16-18);CETEARETH-2 CAS NO:68439-49-6

SYNONYMS alcohols,c16-18,ethoxylated;Alcohols,C16-18-ethoxylated;AliphaticC16-18-alcohol,ethoxylated;C16-18-Alkylalcohol,ethoxylate;C16-18-Alkylalcoholethoxylate;cremophor¨a25;ethoxylatedfattyalcohols(c16-18);CETEARETH-2 CAS NO:68439-49-6

SYNONYMS alcohols,c16-18,ethoxylated;Alcohols,C16-18-ethoxylated;AliphaticC16-18-alcohol,ethoxylated;C16-18-Alkylalcohol,ethoxylate;C16-18-Alkylalcoholethoxylate;cremophor¨a25;ethoxylatedfattyalcohols(c16-18);CETEARETH-2 CAS NO:68439-49-6

C10-rich ethoxylated; Alcohols(C9-11-iso, C10-rich) ethoxylates; Ethoxylated Alcohol CAS NO: 78330-20-8

C10-rich ethoxylated; Alcohols(C9-11-iso, C10-rich) ethoxylates; Ethoxylated Alcohol CAS NO: 78330-20-8

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

SYNONYMS alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);emulphogene DA 530;ethylan CD 109;heloxyl CMN II;igepal DA 530;makon DA-;2-(8-methylnonoxy)ethanol (poly);poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy-;rhodasurf DA 630;synperonic KB;trycol LF 1 CAS NO:61827-42-7

C11 (6 Mol EO +4 Mol Po); c11 6eo, 4po; C 11 Alcohol 6 ethoxylate 4 propoxylate; alcohol ethoxylate CAS-No: 68439-50-9

C11-15 PARETH-12, N° CAS : 68131-40-8, Nom INCI : C11-15 PARETH-12, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation.Noms français : Alcools secondaires (C11-C15) éthoxylés (liquides). Noms anglais : ALCOHOLS, C11-15-SECONDARY, ETHOXYLATED (LIQUIDS); LINEAR RANDOM SECONDARY ALCOHOL (C11-C15) ETHOXYLATE (LIQUID); LINEAR SECONDARY(C11-C15)ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATE (LIQUID). Utilisation: Agent dispersant

Alcohols C12-14 ethoxylated; 2-[2-[2-(dodecyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol; Laureth 3; Laureth 4; Laureth 6; CAS NO: 3055-94-5/ 3055-95-6/ 3055-96-7/ 3055-98-9

C12-13 PARETH-15, N° CAS : 66455-14-9, Nom INCI : C12-13 PARETH-15, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Alcools (C12-C13) éthoxylés. Noms anglais :ALCOHOLS, C12-13, ETHOXYLATED. Utilisation: Fabrication de détergents. Alcohols, C12-13, ethoxylated (1-2.5 mol EO); Alcohols, C12-13, ethoxylates, 1-2.5 EO Alcohols, C12-15, ethoxylated, 3-5 EO; alcohols,C12-13,ethoxylated; alcohos, C12-13, ethoxylated; Neodol 23 ethoxylates (<2.5 EO)

ОПИСАНИЕ:

C12-13 Alkyl Lactate — увлажняющий крем для кожи и волос, который также смягчает поверхность.
C12-13 Алкиллактат действует в различных составах, уменьшая жирность и липкость других ингредиентов.
В своей естественной форме C12-13-алкиллактат выглядит как бледно-желтая жидкость, которую также можно добавлять в продукты для их загущения.

Химическое название/ИЮПАК: Пропановая кислота, 2-гидрокси-, C12-13-алкиловые эфиры.

Алкиллактат C12-13 можно использовать вместо минерального масла благодаря его превосходным увлажняющим свойствам.
Химическая формула C12-13-алкиллактата: C15H30O3.


C12-13 Alkyl Lactate — универсальное полярное многофункциональное смягчающее средство, которое позволяет C12-13 Alkyl Lactate проявлять большинство специфических характеристик производных молочной кислоты, таких как увлажнение и мягкий кератолитический эффект, что делает C12-13 Alkyl Lactate подходящим для кожи. средства по уходу, ориентированные на разные типы кожи: от сухой до жирной.
C12-13 Алкиллактат также используется в качестве смачивающего и диспергирующего агента в макияже.
C12-13 Алкиллактат оказывает загущающее действие на системы SLES/бетаин, а также обладает противораздражающими свойствами и может использоваться в широком спектре средств личной гигиены, включая линии для нежной и атопичной кожи.


C12-13 Алкиллактат — это мягкий агент, уменьшающий запах тела, который позволяет снизить процентное содержание других распространенных активных веществ в антиперспирантах/дезодорантах.
В составах против перхоти C12-13-алкиллактат уменьшает раздражение и зуд, улучшает стабильность и вязкость состава.
Добавление глицерина в дезинфицирующее средство на спиртовой основе возвращает немного влаги, но делает состав липким.
Замена части глицерина на C12-13-алкиллактат решает проблему.

Добавление глицерина в дезинфицирующее средство на спиртовой основе возвращает немного влаги, но делает состав липким.
Замена части глицерина на C12-13-алкиллактат решает проблему.


C12-13 Алкиллактат представляет собой смесь эфиров алкиловых спиртов с 12 и 13 цепями атомов углерода и молочной кислоты (лауриллактат и тридециллактат), используемую в средствах по уходу за кожей для уменьшения липкости и жирности других ингредиентов, таких как вазелин.
Кроме того, C12-13-алкиллактат придает немаслянистую смазывающую способность водно-спиртовым продуктам.

Легко эмульгируемый, C12-13 Алкиллактат лучше всего работает при нейтральном pH.
C12-13 Алкиллактат придает шампуням и средствам для мытья тела вязкость и кремовую пену.

Кроме того, C12-13-алкиллактат является эффективным солюбилизатором других активных ингредиентов солнцезащитных кремов.
Благодаря гидроксигруппе алкиллактаты могут проявлять мягкий эффект пилинга, свойственный AHA.

C12-13 Alkyl Lactate — универсальное полярное смягчающее средство, подходящее как для личной гигиены, так и для средств по уходу за кожей.
Этот эфир проявляет некоторые специфические свойства производных молочной кислоты, такие как увлажняющий и мягкий кератолитический эффект, поэтому C12-13 Алкиллактат подходит для продуктов по уходу за кожей, предназначенных для разных типов кожи, от сухой до жирной.
C12-13 Алкиллактат оказывает также загущающее действие на систему SLES-бетаин, а также противораздражающие свойства и может использоваться в различных продуктах личной гигиены, включая линии для нежной и атопической кожи.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ C12-13 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТА:
C12-13 Алкиллактат используется в средствах личной гигиены и косметике прежде всего как увлажняющий агент.
C12-13-алкиллактат можно найти в таких продуктах, как кремы, шампуни, тушь и увлажняющие маски.
Помимо того, что C12-13 Alkyl Lactate является увлажняющим средством, он является хорошим диспергирующим агентом, который позволяет другим ингредиентам хорошо смешиваться в рецептуре и в результате получается продукт с лучшей текстурой.

C12-13 Алкиллактат также используется для уменьшения жирности, создаваемой другими ингредиентами.
Уход за кожей:
В средствах по уходу за кожей C12-13 алкиллактат действует как хороший увлажняющий ингредиент.
C12-13 Алкиллактат также загущает составы, обеспечивая лучшую растекаемость и повышая эффективность.

C12-13 Алкиллактат Увлажняет кожу.
C12-13 Алкиллактат Аккуратно отшелушите кожу и не выбрасывайте)
C12-13 Алкиллактат Может помочь убить микробы. Поэтому его обычно используют в формулах для подмышек. или дезодорант

C12-13 Алкиллактат Уменьшает зуд/раздражение кожи головы.
C12-13 Алкиллактат оказывает кондиционирующее действие на волосы.



ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕ C12-13 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТА:
C12-13-алкиллактат представляет собой синтетический ингредиент, полученный из смеси эфиров, полученных из молочной кислоты и алкиловых спиртов с цепями из 12 и 13 атомов углерода.
C12-13 Алкиллактат представляет собой слегка вязкую жидкость бледно-желтого цвета.

ЧТО С12-13 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТ ДЕЛАЕТ В СОСТАВЕ?
• Увлажняющий
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ И ПРЕДЛАГАЕМОЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВО C12-13 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТА:
Увлажняющий гель для душа: 0,5-1%
Гель для душа для тела и обычное мыло: 0,5-1%
Обычный шампунь от перхоти: 0,3-1%.
Уход за кожей: 3-5%
Дезодорант:2%
Губная помада (дисперсионные смягчающие средства): 5-20%
Масло для ванн и масло для ухода за кожей: 10-30%
Мыльные продукты (пониженная стимуляция, увлажнение): 0,3-1,5%
C12-13 алкиллактат


СВОЙСТВА С12-13 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТА:
C12-13-алкиллактат в средствах личной гигиены (моющих средствах) является своего рода противораздражающим средством.
C12-13-алкиллактат имеет небольшой объем добавления и сильное противораздражающее действие; очевидный эффект насыщения липидов и увлажняющий эффект; улучшить стабильность продуктов, содержащих перламутровый агент.
C12-13-алкиллактат можно использовать для прозрачных продуктов, моющих средств для мытья рук и мыльных изделий.

C12-13-алкиллактат может растворить роль протеазы.
C12-13 алкиллактат в сочетании с тридецилсалицилатом обладает очевидным синергическим эффектом против перхоти, и его можно сравнить с смягчением кутикулы, потерей рогового слоя, касанием кутикулы, отшелушиванием, макромолекулы средств против перхоти больше превращаются в средство для стерилизации волосяных фолликулов, тем самым значительно снижая дозировку средства против перхоти. агент.

C12-13 алкиллактат может улучшить стерилизующее средство для ощущения сухости волос, придавая скользким сухим волосам яркость, элегантность и ощущение волос.
C12-13-алкиллактат является многофункциональным смягчающим средством.
C12-13-алкиллактат состоит из сложного эфира молочной кислоты, который состоит из специального жирного спирта и отражает многие характеристики производных молочной кислоты.

С12-13-алкиллактат может успешно использоваться в косметике, поскольку С12-13-алкиллактат растворяется в различных растворителях, таких как углеводороды, липиды, силиконовое масло, этанол, пропиленгликоль и др.
C12-13-алкиллактат используется в средствах по уходу за кожей с увлажняющими смягчающими средствами, которые обладают очень хорошим увлажняющим эффектом.
C12-13 алкиллактат является своего рода натуральным ферментным дезодорантом, останавливающим потоотделение или другими дезодорантами, синергетический эффект и безопасность подавляют запах тела, что проявляется в долгосрочной перспективе (24 часа).

C12-13 Алкиллактат используется для производства средств личной гигиены с очевидным эффектом насыщения липидами, увлажняющим эффектом и т. д.
C12-13 Алкиллактат также используется в качестве антифункциональных смягчающих средств, состоящих из сложного эфира молочной кислоты, который состоит из специального жирного спирта и отражает многие характеристики производных молочной кислоты.
В косметике C12-13 алкиллактат растворяют в различных растворителях.



ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ПО БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ОБ АЛКИЛЛАКТАТЕ C12-13:
Меры первой помощи:
Описание мер первой помощи:
Общий совет:
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
Покажите этот паспорт безопасности лечащему врачу.
Выйдите из опасной зоны:

При вдыхании:
При вдыхании выведите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если нет дыхания проведите искусственную вентиляцию легких.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
При попадании на кожу:
Немедленно снять загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Смыть большим количеством воды с мылом.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.

При попадании в глаза:
Тщательно промойте большим количеством воды в течение не менее 15 минут и обратитесь к врачу.
Продолжайте промывать глаза во время транспортировки в больницу.

При проглатывании:
Не вызывает рвоту.
Никогда не давайте ничего перорально человеку, находящемуся без сознания.
Прополоскать рот водой.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.

Противопожарные меры:
Средства пожаротушения:
Подходящие средства пожаротушения:
Используйте водяной спрей, спиртостойкую пену, сухие химикаты или углекислый газ.
Особые опасности, исходящие от вещества или смеси
Оксиды углерода, Оксиды азота (NOx), Газообразный хлористый водород

Совет пожарным:
При необходимости наденьте автономный дыхательный аппарат для тушения пожара.
Меры при случайном высвобождении:
Меры личной безопасности, защитное оборудование и действия в чрезвычайных ситуациях
Используйте средства индивидуальной защиты.

Избегайте вдыхания паров, тумана или газа.
Эвакуируйте персонал в безопасные места.

Экологические меры предосторожности:
Предотвратите дальнейшую утечку или разлив, если это безопасно.
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
Необходимо избегать попадания в окружающую среду.

Методы и материалы для локализации и очистки:
Промочить инертным абсорбирующим материалом и утилизировать как опасные отходы.
Хранить в подходящих закрытых контейнерах для утилизации.

Обращение и хранение:
Меры предосторожности для безопасного обращения:
Избегайте вдыхания паров или тумана.

Условия безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:
Хранить контейнер плотно закрытым в сухом и хорошо проветриваемом месте.
Открытые контейнеры необходимо тщательно закрыть и хранить в вертикальном положении во избежание утечки.
Класс хранения (TRGS 510): 8А: Горючие, коррозионно-активные опасные материалы.

Контроль воздействия / личная защита:
Параметры управления:
Компоненты с параметрами контроля рабочего места
Не содержит веществ с предельно допустимыми значениями профессионального воздействия.
Средства контроля воздействия:
Соответствующие технические средства контроля:
Обращайтесь в соответствии с правилами промышленной гигиены и техники безопасности.
Мойте руки перед перерывами и в конце рабочего дня.

Средства индивидуальной защиты:
Защита глаз/лица:
Плотно прилегающие защитные очки.
Лицевой щиток (минимум 8 дюймов).
Используйте средства защиты глаз, протестированные и одобренные в соответствии с соответствующими государственными стандартами, такими как NIOSH (США) или EN 166 (ЕС).

Защита кожи:
Работайте в перчатках.
Перчатки необходимо проверять перед использованием.
Используйте подходящие перчатки
технику снятия (не касаясь внешней поверхности перчатки), чтобы избежать попадания продукта на кожу.
Утилизируйте загрязненные перчатки после использования в соответствии с действующим законодательством и надлежащей лабораторной практикой.
Вымойте и высушите руки.

Полный контакт:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Протестированный материал: Дерматрил (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, размер M)
Всплеск контакта
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Протестированный материал: Дерматрил (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, размер M)
Его не следует истолковывать как разрешение на какой-либо конкретный сценарий использования.

Защита тела:
Полный костюм защиты от химикатов. Тип защитного средства необходимо выбирать в зависимости от концентрации и количества опасного вещества на конкретном рабочем месте.
Защита органов дыхания:
Если оценка риска показывает, что воздухоочистительные респираторы уместны, используйте полнолицевой респиратор с многоцелевыми комбинированными (США) или респираторными картриджами типа ABEK (EN 14387) в качестве резерва для инженерных средств контроля.

Если респиратор является единственным средством защиты, используйте респиратор, закрывающий все лицо.
Используйте респираторы и их компоненты, протестированные и одобренные в соответствии с соответствующими государственными стандартами, такими как NIOSH (США) или CEN (ЕС).
Контроль воздействия на окружающую среду
Предотвратите дальнейшую утечку или разлив, если это безопасно.
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
Необходимо избегать попадания в окружающую среду.

Стабильность и химическая активность:
Химическая стабильность:
Стабилен при рекомендуемых условиях хранения.
Несовместимые материалы:
Сильные окислители:
Опасные продукты разложения:
Опасные продукты разложения образуются в условиях пожара.
Оксиды углерода, Оксиды азота (NOx), Газообразный хлористый водород.

Утилизация отходов:
Методы переработки отходов:
Продукт:
Предложите решения для излишков и неперерабатываемых отходов лицензированной компании по утилизации.
Обратитесь в лицензированную профессиональную службу по утилизации отходов, чтобы избавиться от этого материала.
Загрязненная упаковка:
Утилизируйте как неиспользованный продукт.









ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА С12-13 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТА:
Точка кипения 325°С.
Температура плавления -20°C
Растворимость Растворим в воде
Вязкость Вязкий
Имя INCI: C12-13 Алкиллактат
Функция: диспергатор, смягчающее средство, увлажняющий агент, смачивающий агент, модификатор вязкости, агент для пережиривания, поверхностно-активное вещество (неионогенное), поверхностно-активное вещество.
Применение: для любых средств по уходу за кожей.
Метод смешивания: растворяется в масле.
Коэффициент использования: 1-10%
Характеристики продукта: : светло-желтая жидкость.
Растворимость: может растворяться в масле.
Хранение: Для длительного хранения. Хранить при комнатной температуре. Срок хранения не менее 24 месяцев.
Название по INCI: C12-13 Алкиллактат
Внешний вид Бледно-желтая жидкость
Содержание эфира 85% мин.
Бесплатный алкоголь максимум 15%
Кислотное число (мгКОН/г) 2 Макс.
Вода (%) 0,5 Макс.
Хранение: Хранить при комнатной температуре. Избегайте тепла и света.
Срок годности: 24 месяца с даты производства или испытаний (срок действия текущей партии истекает: 12/2024 г.)
Дозировка (диапазон): 1% - 10%
Метод смешивания: Добавьте в масляную фазу. Терпим к жаре.
Теплостойкость: Жаростойкий
Стабилен в диапазоне pH: 3–7.
Растворимость: Масло
Анализ: от 95,00 до 100,00.
Растворим в воде, 6,301 мг/л при 25 °C (расчетное значение)
Название: C12-13 алкиллактат
Пропановая кислота, 2-гидрокси-, C12-15-алкиловые эфиры
Торговое название:COSMACOL/ELI;CERAPHYL.® 41
Формула: C15-18H29-35O3
Молекулярный вес: 257,39-299,46
Номер CAS: 93925-36-1
Форма: жидкость; 20°С; 1,013 гПа
Цвет: от бесцветного до светло-желтого, прозрачный.
Точка плавления/диапазон: ок. -20°С; 1,013 гПа
Точка/диапазон кипения: > 250°C; 1,013 гПа
Температура вспышки: ок. 158°С; 1,013 гПа
Плотность: ок. 0,915 г/см3; 20°С; 1,013 гПа
Растворимость в воде: 20°C; 1,013 гПа; незначительный
Растворимость в других продуктах: 20°C, Спирт: незначительно; Ацетон: частично растворим; Углеводороды: растворимы.
Содержание сложного эфира::≥85%
Без алкоголя: ≤15%
Кислотное число: ≤2мгКОН/г
Влажность: ≤0,5%

C12-13 Alkyl Lactate — универсальное, полярное многофункциональное смягчающее средство, которое позволяет ему проявлять большинство особенностей производных молочной кислоты, таких как увлажнение и мягкий кератолитический эффект, что делает его пригодным для продуктов по уходу за кожей, предназначенных для разных типов кожи. от сухого до жирного.
C12-13 Алкиллактат также используется в качестве смачивающего и диспергирующего агента в макияже.
C12-13 Алкиллактат оказывает загущающее действие на системы SLES/бетаин, а также обладает противораздражающими свойствами и может использоваться в широком спектре средств личной гигиены, включая линии для нежной и атопичной кожи.

КАС: 93925-36-1
МФ: C15H30O3
МВт: 258,3969
ЭИНЭКС: 300-338-1

Синонимы
C12-15 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТ; 2-гидрокси-, C12-15-алкиловые эфиры пропановой кислоты; C12-13 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТ; C12-15-алкиловые эфиры 2-гидроксипропановой кислоты; Ди C12-13 алкиллактат; C12-15-алкил сложные эфиры

C12-13 Alkyl Lactate — увлажняющий крем для кожи и волос, который также смягчает поверхность.
C12-13 Алкиллактат действует в различных составах, уменьшая жирность и липкость других ингредиентов.
В своей естественной форме C12-13-алкиллактат выглядит как бледно-желтая жидкость, которую также можно добавлять в продукты для их загущения.
Алкиллактат C12-13 можно использовать вместо минерального масла благодаря его превосходным увлажняющим свойствам.
Химическая формула C12-13-алкиллактата: C15H30O3.

C12-13 Алкиллактат представляет собой смесь эфиров алкиловых спиртов с 12 и 13 цепями атомов углерода и молочной кислоты (лауриллактат и тридециллактат), используемую в средствах по уходу за кожей для уменьшения липкости и жирности других ингредиентов, таких как вазелин.
Кроме того, C12-13-алкиллактат придает водно-спиртовым продуктам немасляную смазывающую способность.
Легко эмульгируемый, C12-13-алкиллактат лучше всего работает при нейтральном pH.
C12-13 Алкиллактат придает шампуням и средствам для мытья тела вязкость и кремовую пену.
Кроме того, C12-13-алкиллактат является эффективным солюбилизатором других активных ингредиентов солнцезащитных кремов.
Благодаря гидроксигруппе C12-13-алкиллактат может проявлять мягкий эффект пилинга, свойственный AHA.

Функции
1. В составе средств личной гигиены (стирка) C12-13 Алкиллактат является смягчающим средством, снимающим раздражения, с низкой дозировкой и сильным противораздражающим действием; очевидный жиросжигающий эффект и увлажняющий эффект; улучшить стабильность продукта, содержащего перламутровый агент; может использоваться в прозрачных продуктах, средствах для мытья рук и продуктах на основе мыла.
2. C12-13 Алкиллактат обладает эффектом кератиназы.
C12-13 Алкиллактат обладает очевидным синергическим эффектом против перхоти в сочетании с тридецилсалицилатом, который может смягчать роговой слой, ослаблять роговой слой и трогать отшелушивание рогового слоя с образованием макромолекул.
Средство против перхоти также попадает в бактерицид волосяного фолликула, тем самым значительно уменьшая дозировку средства против перхоти, что может улучшить ощущение сухости бактерицида на волосах и обеспечить ощущение гладкого сухого расчесывания, ощущение элегантности и яркость волос. .

3. C12-13 Алкиллактат — полярное смягчающее средство с различными функциями.
C12-13 Алкиллактат представляет собой сложный эфир молочной кислоты, этерифицированный специальным жирным спиртом, который отражает многие характеристики производных молочной кислоты.
Поскольку С12-13-алкиллактат растворим в различных растворителях, таких как углеводороды, липиды, силиконовое масло, этанол, пропиленгликоль и т. д., его можно успешно использовать в косметике.
4. C12-13-алкиллактат работает с тридецилсалицилатом (ESI) и додецил-тридецилмалеатом (EMI) для подавления прыщей и балансирования секреции масла.
C12-13 Алкиллактат также снимает эритему.
5. Алкиллактат C12-13 используется в средствах по уходу за кожей в качестве кератинрастворимого белка и увлажняющего смягчающего средства, которое оказывает хороший увлажняющий эффект.
6. C12-13 Алкиллактат — это натуральный ферментативный дезодорант, который может действовать синергически с антиперспирантами или другими дезодорантами, безопасно подавляя запах тела и обеспечивая долгосрочный эффект (24 часа).

Химические свойства C12-13 алкиллактата
Точка кипения: 325 ℃ [при 101 325 Па]
Плотность: 0,9 [при 20 ℃]
Давление пара: 0,1 Па при 25 ℃.
Растворимость в воде: 1,1 мг/л при 25 ℃.
LogP: 4,73 при 20 ℃

C12-13 Алкиллактат — это мягкий агент, уменьшающий запах тела, который позволяет снизить процентное содержание других распространенных активных веществ в антиперспирантах/дезодорантах.
В составах против перхоти C12-13-алкиллактат уменьшает раздражение и зуд, улучшает стабильность и вязкость состава.
Добавление глицерина в дезинфицирующее средство на спиртовой основе возвращает немного влаги, но делает состав липким.
Замена части глицерина на COSMACOL ELI решает проблему.
Добавление глицерина в дезинфицирующее средство на спиртовой основе возвращает немного влаги, но делает состав липким.
Замена части глицерина на COSMACOL ELI решает проблему.

Использовать
C12-13 Алкиллактат используется в средствах личной гигиены и косметике прежде всего как увлажняющий агент.
C12-13-алкиллактат можно найти в таких продуктах, как кремы, шампуни, тушь и увлажняющие маски.
Помимо того, что C12-13 Alkyl Lactate является увлажняющим средством, он является хорошим диспергирующим агентом, который позволяет другим ингредиентам хорошо смешиваться в рецептуре и в результате получается продукт с лучшей текстурой.
C12-13 Алкиллактат также используется для уменьшения жирности, создаваемой другими ингредиентами.
Уход за кожей: В средствах по уходу за кожей C12-13 алкиллактат действует как хороший увлажняющий ингредиент.
C12-13 Алкиллактат также загущает составы, обеспечивая лучшую растекаемость и повышая производительность.

C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) — увлажняющий крем для кожи и волос, который также смягчает поверхность.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) действует в различных составах, уменьшая жирность и липкость других ингредиентов.
В своей естественной форме C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) выглядит как бледно-желтая жидкость, которую также можно добавлять в продукты для их загущения.

КАС: 93925-36-1
МФ: C15H30O3
МВт: 258,3969
ЭИНЭКС: 300-338-1

Синонимы
C12-15 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТ; 2-гидрокси-, C12-15-алкиловые эфиры пропановой кислоты; C12-13 АЛКИЛЛАКТАТ; C12-15-алкиловые эфиры 2-гидроксипропановой кислоты; Ди C12-13 алкиллактат; C12-15-алкил сложные эфиры

Алкиллактат C12-13 (смягчающее средство) можно использовать вместо минерального масла из-за его превосходных увлажняющих свойств.
Химическая формула C12-13-алкиллактата (смягчающего средства) — C15H30O3.
C12-13 Алкиллактат представляет собой смесь эфиров алкиловых спиртов с 12 и 13 цепями атомов углерода и молочной кислоты (лауриллактат и тридециллактат), используемую в средствах по уходу за кожей для уменьшения липкости и жирности других ингредиентов, таких как вазелин.
Кроме того, C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) придает немасляную смазывающую способность водно-спиртовым продуктам.
Легко эмульгируемый, C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) лучше всего работает при нейтральном pH.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) придает шампуням и средствам для мытья тела вязкость и кремовую пену.

Кроме того, C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) является эффективным солюбилизатором других активных ингредиентов солнцезащитных кремов.
Благодаря гидроксигруппе C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) может оказывать мягкий эффект пилинга, свойственный AHA.
COSMACOL ELI (INCI: C12-13 ALKYL LACTATE) — универсальное, полярное многофункциональное смягчающее средство, которое позволяет C12-13 Alkyl Lactate (Emollient) проявлять большинство специфических характеристик производных молочной кислоты, таких как увлажнение и мягкий кератолитический эффект. что делает его подходящим для продуктов по уходу за кожей, предназначенных для разных типов кожи, от сухой до жирной.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) также используется в качестве смачивающего и диспергирующего агента в макияже.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) ок��зывает загущающее действие на системы SLES/бетаин, а также обладает противораздражающими свойствами и может использоваться в широком спектре средств личной гигиены, включая линии для нежной и атопичной кожи.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) — это мягкий агент, уменьшающий запах тела, который позволяет снизить процентное содержание других распространенных активных веществ в антиперспирантах/дезодорантах.

В составах против перхоти C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) уменьшает раздражение и зуд, улучшает стабильность и вязкость состава.
Добавление глицерина в дезинфицирующее средство на спиртовой основе возвращает немного влаги, но делает состав липким.
Замена части глицерина на COSMACOL ELI решает проблему.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) представляет собой моноэфир, образованный изомером молочной кислоты и одноразветвленного первичного спирта C12/13, принадлежащий к типу масла-носителя молочной кислоты.
Особая мягкая мягкость, молекулы с прямой цепью и низкой полярностью могут уменьшить раздражение, вызываемое поверхностно-активными веществами.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) может улучшать барьерную функцию кожи, восстанавливать кожную сальную пленку, обеспечивать увлажняющий эффект, обеспечивая при этом очень нежное ощущение кожи, улучшать загущающий эффект NaCl и может быть разработан как продукт без амида кокосового масла DEA.

C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) Химические свойства
Точка кипения: 325 ℃ [при 101 325 Па]
Плотность: 0,9 [при 20 ℃]
Давление пара: 0,1 Па при 25 ℃.
Растворимость в воде: 1,1 мг/л при 25 ℃.
LogP: 4,73 при 20 ℃

Использование
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) используется в средствах личной гигиены и косметике прежде всего как увлажняющий агент.
C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) можно найти в таких продуктах, как кремы, шампуни, тушь и увлажняющие маски.
Помимо увлажняющего действия, C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) является хорошим диспергирующим агентом, который позволяет другим ингредиентам хорошо смешиваться в рецептуре и в результате дает продукт с лучшей текстурой.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) также используется для уменьшения жирности, вызываемой другими ингредиентами.
Уход за кожей: В средствах по уходу за кожей C12-13 алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) действует как хороший увлажняющий ингредиент.
C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) также загущает составы, обеспечивая лучшую растекаемость и повышая эффективность.

1. Увлажняющий гель для душа: 0,5-1%
2. Гель для душа для тела и обычное мыло: 0,5-1%
3. Обычный шампунь от перхоти: 0,3-1%.
4. Уход за кожей: 3-5%
5. Дезодорант: 2%
6. Губная помада (дисперсионные смягчающие вещества): 5-20%
7. Масло для ванн и масло для ухода за кожей: 10-30%.
8. Мыльные продукты (пониженная стимуляция, увлажнение): 0,3-1,5%

Функция
1. В формуле средств личной гигиены (с точки зрения мытья) C12-13 Alkyl Lactate (Emollient) является увлажняющим средством с низкой дозировкой и сильной стойкостью; Значительное насыщение жиров и увлажняющий эффект; Улучшить стабильность продуктов, содержащих перламутр; Может использоваться в прозрачных продуктах, моющих средствах для ухода за руками и продуктах на основе мыла.
2. C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) выполняет функцию растворения кератиназы, а в сочетании с додецилсалицилатом оказывает значительное противоперхотное и синергетическое действие.
3. C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) — многофункциональный увлажняющий крем, представляющий собой сложный эфир лактата, образующийся путем этерификации специальных жирных спиртов, отражающий многие характеристики производных лактата.
Благодаря своей растворимости в различных растворителях, таких как углеводороды, липиды, силиконовое масло, этанол и т. д., C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) может успешно применяться в косметике.
4. C12-13-алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) оказывает хорошее ингибирующее действие на сбалансированную секрецию масла в сочетании с тринадцатью алкилсалицилатами (ESI) и двенадцатью тринадцатью эфирами алкилмалеиновой кислоты (EMI).
5. C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) используется в средствах по уходу за кожей в качестве постепенно успокаивающего кератина и увлажняющего крема с отличным увлажняющим и увлажняющим эффектом.
6. C12-13 Алкиллактат (смягчающее средство) представляет собой ферментный дезодоратор, который может работать в сочетании с антиперспирантами или другими дезодорантами, подавляя запах тела и обеспечивая долгосрочный эффект (24 часа).

Dodecyl/pentadecyl benzoate; Alkyl (C12-15) benzoate [usan]; Einecs 270-112-4.; ALKYL BENZOATE; Lauryl Benzoate; Benzoic acid, C12-15-alkyl esters; C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE; Benzoesure, Alkyl(C12-C15)ester cas no: 68411-27-8

Nom INCI : C12-18 ALKYL GLUCOSIDE, Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion

SYNONYMS Alcohols, C12-14(even numbered), ethoxylated < 2.5 EO, sulfates, sodium salts;Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate;Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; CAS NO:68891-38-3

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14, также известный как AGE, представляет собой прозрачную бесцветную маслянистую жидкость со слабым запахом.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 обладает низкой летучестью, низкой токсичностью, низким цветом, отличной смачивающей способностью субстрата и наполнителя.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой химическое соединение, подпадающее под категорию глицидиловых эфиров.

Номер CAS: 68609-97-2
Молекулярная формула: C48H96O6
Молекулярный вес: 769,27
Номер EINECS: 271-846-8


Глицидиловые эфиры спирта C12–C14 участвуют в синтезе высокомолекулярных диблок-сополимеров поли(окиси этилена)-b-поли(алкилглицидилового эфира).
Рекомендуемая максимальная доза глицидилового эфира спирта C12–C14 составляет 20% от состава смолы.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 обычно получают из смеси спиртов с длиной углеродной цепи от C12 до C14, что означает, что они имеют от 12 до 14 атомов углерода в своей молекулярной структуре.

Термин «глицидиловый эфир» указывает на наличие глицидильной группы (-CH2-CH-O-) в молекуле.
Эти глицидиловые эфиры обычно используются в различных промышленных применениях, в том числе в качестве реакционноспособных разбавителей в составах эпоксидных смол.
Они могут служить стабилизатором, модификатором вязкости или сореагентом в эпоксидных системах. G

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 может улучшить характеристики обращения и характеристики эпоксидных смол, делая их более подходящими для конкретных применений, таких как клеи, покрытия и композитные материалы.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 представляет собой органическое химическое вещество в семействе глицидиловых эфиров.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 представляет собой смесь в основном спиртов с углеродной цепью 12 и 14, также называемых жирными спиртами, которые были глицированы.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 представляет собой промышленное химическое вещество, используемое в качестве поверхностно-активного вещества, но в основном для снижения вязкости эпоксидной смолы.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 имеет номер CAS 68609-97-2, но название ИЮПАК более сложное, поскольку оно представляет собой смесь и представляет собой 2- (додекоксиметил) оксиран; 2- (тетрадекоксиметил) оксиран; 2- (тридекоксиметил) оксиран.
Другие названия включают додецил- и тетрадецилглицидиловые эфиры и алкильный (C12-C14) глицидиловый эфир.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 представляет собой неионогенное поверхностно-активное вещество, которое содержит гидрофильную головку и гидрофобный хвост.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 используется при очистке сточных вод, а также в синтезе поликарбоновых кислот.
Было показано, что глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 является реакционноспособным и может образовывать водородные связи с другими молекулами.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 также обладает высокой растворимостью в воде, что делает его пригодным для использования в растворах с высоким содержанием соли. Гидрофобный эффект этой молекулы означает, что она с большей вероятностью растворяется в маслах или жирах, чем в воде. Этот продукт проявляет флуоресценцию при освещении ультрафиолетовым светом и может быть обнаружен с помощью магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой органическое химическое вещество в семействе глицидиловых эфиров.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой смесь в основном 12 и 14 спиртов с углеродной цепью, также называемых жирными спиртами, которые были
глицированный.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой промышленное химическое вещество, используемое в качестве поверхностно-активного вещества, но в основном для снижения вязкости эпоксидной смолы.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 имеет номер CAS 68609-97-2, но название ИЮПАК более сложное, поскольку оно представляет собой смесь и представляет собой 2- (додекоксиметил) оксиран; 2- (тетрадекоксиметил) оксиран; 2- (тридекоксиметил) оксиран.
Другие названия включают додециловый и тетрадецилглицидиловый эфиры и глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14.
Смесь жирных спиртов, богатая глицидиловыми эфирами спирта C12-C14, помещают в реактор с кислотным катализатором Льюиса.

Затем медленно добавляют эпихлоргидрин для контроля экзотермы, что приводит к образованию галангидринов.
Затем следует едкое дегидрохлорирование с образованием глицидилового эфира спирта C12-C14.
Отходами являются вода и хлорид натрия и избыток каустической соды.

Одно из испытаний контроля качества будет включать измерение значения эпоксидной смолы путем определения эквивалентного веса эпоксидной смолы.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 представляет собой эпоксидный реактивный разбавитель с низкой вязкостью и токсичностью.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется во многих красках и покрытиях, таких как краска для бытовой техники, краска для лодок, строительная краска, автомобильная краска, бумажное покрытие, пластиковое покрытие и резиновое покрытие.

Смесь жирных спиртов, богатая глицидиловым эфиром спирта C12–C14, помещают в реактор с кислотным катализатором Льюиса.
Затем медленно добавляют эпихлоргидрин для контроля экзотермы, что приводит к образованию галангидринов.
Затем следует едкое дегидрохлорирование с образованием глицидилового эфира спирта C12-C14.

Отходами являются вода и хлорид натрия и избыток каустической соды.
Одно из испытаний контроля качества будет включать измерение значения эпоксидной смолы путем определения эквивалентного веса эпоксидной смолы.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 участвует в синтезе высокомолекулярных диблок-сополимеров поли(окиси этилена)-bполи(алкилглицидилового эфира).

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой прозрачную бесцветную маслянистую жидкость со слабым запахом.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 обладает низкой летучестью, низкой токсичностью, низкой цветностью, отличной смачивающей способностью субстрата и наполнителя.
Рекомендуемая максимальная дозировка глицидилового эфира спирта C12-C14 составляет 20% от состава смолы.

Алифатический глицидиловый эфир на основе эпоксидирования алифатического спирта С12-С14.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой монофункциональный разбавитель, используемый для снижения вязкости систем эпоксидных смол.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 обеспечивает хорошую гибкость и адгезию на неполярных поверхностях и демонстрирует отличные смачивающие характеристики.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 в основном используется в качестве реакционноспособного разбавителя для эпоксидных смол с высокой вязкостью, совместимого во всех концентрациях с эпоксидной смолой, а также в качестве отвердителей.
Широко используется в высококачественных эпоксидных напольных покрытиях, пищевых эпоксидных красках, эпоксидных горшечных материалах, литейных материалах, клеях, изоляционных материалах и напольных покрытиях.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой бесцветную прозрачную жидкость.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 в основном используется в качестве реактивного разбавителя для эпоксидных смол с высокой вязкостью, совместимых со всеми концентрациями эпоксидной смолы, а также в качестве отвердителей.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется в качестве специального эпоксидного растворителя, используемого в производстве эпоксидных смол и клеев.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой сложную смесь синтетических эфиров и гетероциклических соединений, которые обычно соответствуют формуле: C48H96O6.

Реакционноспособные разбавители, такие как глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14, разработаны для снижения вязкости типичных эпоксидных смол без существенного влияния на эксплуатационные свойства.
Включение глицидилового эфира спиртового спирта C12-C14 в состав смолы улучшит обращение и простоту нанесения благодаря снижению вязкости.
Глицидиловый эфир спиртового разбавителя C12-C14 широко используется в металлических покрытиях, бетонных покрытиях, ремонтных и связующих составах, клеях и композитах.

Реакционноспособные разбавители представляют собой функциональные продукты, содержащие эпоксидные группы, которые представляют собой глицидиловые эфиры спирта C12–C14 с низкой вязкостью, которые могут реагировать с отвердителями и становиться частью сшитой эпоксидной системы.
Реакционноспособные разбавители в основном используются для снижения вязкости базовой смолы на основе смол бисфенола A, F и EPN для улучшения обращения и простоты обработки в различных областях применения.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется в рецептурах лакокрасочных и лакокрасочных составов, не содержащих растворителей, а также добавок в сочетании с другими полимерами для улучшения адгезии, стабилизации от реакций вырождения.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 также можно использовать для оптимизации эксплуатационных свойств, таких как ударная вязкость, адгезия, гибкость, загрузка наполнителя и стойкость к растворителям эпоксидной системы.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 значительно снижает поверхностное натяжение стандартных ароматических жидких эпоксидных смол, что приводит к отличному смачиванию поверхности, адгезии и снижению вязкости при заданной загрузке наполнителя.
Алифатическая цепь разбавителя глицидилового эфира спирта C12-C14 обычно увеличивает срок службы горшка, а также гибкость (ударопрочность).

Хотя реакционноспособный разбавитель глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 несколько ограничивает стойкость к растворителям, кислотостойкость улучшается.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой эпоксидный реактивный разбавитель с низкой вязкостью и токсичностью.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется во многих красках и покрытиях, таких как краска для бытовой техники, краска для лодок, строительная краска, автомобильная краска, бумажное покрытие, пластиковое покрытие и резиновое покрытие.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется в качестве реактивного разбавителя для эпоксидных смол.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется в качестве промежуточного продукта для производства смол и полимеров.
Применение глицидилового эфира спирта C12-C14 включает широкий спектр покрытий для автомобильной и гражданской промышленности.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 обеспечивает хорошую гибкость и адгезию на неполярных поверхностях и демонстрирует отличные смачивающие характеристики.
В основном в качестве реактивного разбавителя для эпоксидных смол с высокой вязкостью, совместимого во всех концентрациях с эпоксидной смолой, и в качестве отвердителя.
Широко используется в высококачественных эпоксидных напольных покрытиях, пищевых эпоксидных красках, эпоксидных горшечных материалах, литейных материалах, клеях, изоляционных материалах и напольных покрытиях.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой эпоксидный реактивный разбавитель с низкой вязкостью и токсичностью.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется во многих красках и покрытиях, таких как краска для бытовой техники, краска для лодок, строительная краска, автомобильная краска, бумажное покрытие, пл��стиковое покрытие и резиновое покрытие.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 в основном применяется в качестве разбавителя для эпоксидных напольных покрытий, разбавляя эпоксидное покрытие пищевых продуктов.

Алифатический глицидиловый эфир изготавливается из алкильного спирта C12 ~ 14 и эпихлоргидрина с помощью научной техники, его химическое название - алкилглицидиловый эфир C12 ~ 14 (AGE).
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется для снижения вязкости жидкой эпоксидной смолы, который используется в качестве напольного покрытия, материала для ремонта бетона, наполнителя, материала для изгиба, материала для закладки, для использования в разбавителях и улучшении ударной вязкости, а также для формования намотки.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 обеспечивает хорошую гибкость и адгезию на неполярных поверхностях и демонстрирует отличные смачивающие характеристики.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 в основном используется в качестве реакционноспособного разбавителя для эпоксидных смол с высокой вязкостью, совместимого во всех концентрациях с эпоксидной смолой, а также в качестве отвердителей.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 широко используется в высококачественных эпоксидных напольных покрытиях, эпоксидных красках пищевого качества, эпоксидных герметических материалах, литейных материалах, клеях, изоляционных материалах и напольных покрытиях.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 действует как растворитель и отвердитель. AGE имеет низкую вирулентность, слабый цвет и низкую вязкость.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 хорошо смешивается со всеми видами эпоксидных смол, используемых в продуктах из эпоксидных смол для снижения их вязкости.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 имеет активную эпоксидную группу, которая может присоединяться к реакции отверждения.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 обладает низкой летучестью, что улучшает эксплуатационные характеристики и качество продукта.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 улучшает гибкость отверждаемых продуктов.
Прогнозируется, что глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 будет расти в среднем на 4.5% в период с 2021 по 2030 год.
Ожидается, что растущий спрос на клеи и герметики, композиты, морские и защитные покрытия, заливку и инкапсуляцию в конечных пользователях, таких как автомобильная, аэрокосмическая и оборонная промышленность, будет стимулировать рост рынка в течение прогнозируемого периода.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой высокомолекулярный спирт глицерина с низкой температурой кипения.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 обладает хорошей термической стабильностью и нейтральным цветом, что делает его идеальным для использования в производстве систем эпоксидных смол.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 промышленного класса представляет собой тип неионогенного поверхностно-активного вещества, способного снижать поверхностное натяжение между водой и маслом.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 можно использовать в чистящих средствах, красках, покрытиях, клеях и герметиках для морских применений.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется при заливке и инкапсуляции из-за его высоких адгезионных свойств.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 обладает высокой реакционной способностью, поэтому он быстро отверждается при комнатной температуре под воздействием атмосферной влаги.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 имеет очень низкую вязкость, что облегчает его смешивание с другими смолами, такими как эпоксидная смола или полиуретан (PU).
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 обусловлен ростом спроса на клеи и герметики.
Локализация опасных растворителей, таких как бензол, ксилол, толуол и т. д., привела к появлению нового поколения клеевых составов на водной основе, которые включают глицидиловый эфир алкила C12-C14.

Кроме того, растущие экологические проблемы во всем мире также способствовали этому развитию.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 представляет собой форму органического соединения, которое широко используется в химической, промышленной и строительной промышленности.
Основное использование определяется как процессы полимеризации в качестве мономера промышленного класса, используемого в качестве герметика в строительных материалах и в качестве клея для различных целей.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 логически является побочным продуктом реакции конденсации между глицидолом и аллиловым спиртом.
Из-за присутствия как эпоксида, так и алкена ими можно манипулировать, чтобы они реагировали отдельно в группе, сохраняя при этом другие процессы нетронутыми.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 может вызывать сенсибилизацию при вдыхании и контакте с кожей.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 представляет собой соединение глицидилового эфира с общей химической структурой, аналогичной этой:
CH3- (CH2)n-O-CH2-CHO, где «n» представляет собой количество атомов углерода в алкильной цепи (в данном случае от C12 до C14).

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 известен своей эпоксидной функциональностью, что означает, что он содержит эпоксидные группы (оксирановые кольца) в своей молекулярной структуре.
Эти эпоксидные группы являются реакционноспособными и могут подвергаться реакциям сшивания с аминами, кислотами или другими соединениями, образуя прочные и долговечные термореактивные материалы.
Химические соединения, такие как глицидиловые эфиры спирта C12–C14, могут подпадать под нормативные ограничения и рекомендации в разных странах из-за потенциальных проблем со здоровьем и окружающей средой.

Производители и пользователи должны знать об этих правилах и соблюдать их.
Могут быть вариации глицидилового эфира спирта C12-C14 в зависимости от конкретной длины углеродной цепи, уровней чистоты и других свойств.
Эти вариации могут быть адаптированы к конкретным приложениям или требованиям рынка.

Плотность: 0,89 г / мл при 25 ° C (лит.)
давление пара: 0,018 Па при 20 °C
Показатель преломления: n20 / D 1,447 (лит.)
Температура вспышки: >230 °F
Растворимость в воде: 483 мкг / л при 30 ° C
LogP: 6 при 20°C

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 является ограниченным доказательством канцерогенного эффекта. Когда вы используете его, надевайте подходящую защитную одежду и перчатки.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется в качестве модификатора снижения вязкости в составах эпоксидных смол.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 имеет слабую окраску и обеспечивает отличную смачивающую способность субстрата и наполнителя.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 полезен для смолистых покрытий полов, литейных смесей, покрытий, клеев и систем электрической герметизации.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 в основном применяется для разбавления, упрочнителя, эпоксидного напольного покрытия, разбавления эпоксидного покрытия пищевого качества.
В сочетании с жидкой эпоксидной смолой, подходит для эпоксидного материала, литейного материала, герметизирующего материала, материала покрытия и клея.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 обеспечивает хорошую гибкость и адгезию на неполярных поверхностях и демонстрирует отличные смачивающие характеристики.
В основном в качестве реакционноспособного разбавителя для эпоксидных смол с высокой вязкостью, совместимого во всех концентрациях с эпоксидной смолой, и в качестве отвердителя.
Широко используется в высококачественных эпоксидных напольных покрытиях, пищевых эпоксидных красках, эпоксидных горшечных материалах и напольных покрытиях.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 разработан под руководством и с помощью талантливых исследователей, обладающих обширными знаниями в этой области.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта С12-С14 способен улучшать свойства гибкости и адгезии отвержденной смолы.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 в основном подходит для текстильной промышленности.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 используется в качестве мономера для реагентов полимеризации.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта С12-С14 является агентом стабилизатора хлорированного соединения.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12–C14 представляет собой реактивный разбавитель эпоксидной смолы с низкой вязкостью и токсичностью.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется во многих красках и покрытиях, таких как краска для бытовой техники, краска для лодок, строительная краска, автомобильная краска, бумажное покрытие, пластиковое покрытие и резиновое покрытие.
Глицидиловые эфиры спирта C12–C14 представляют собой класс соединений, характеризующихся присутствием глицидильной группы (-CH2-CH-O-) в их молекулярной структуре.

Эта группа также известна как эпоксидная группа или оксирановое кольцо.
Глицидиловые эфиры спирта C12–C14 широко используются в химической промышленности для различных применений благодаря их способности подвергаться реакциям полимеризации, в результате которых образуются термореактивные материалы с отличными механическими и химическими свойствами.

Эпоксидная функциональность алкилглицидиловых эфиров C12-C14 делает их высокореакционноспособными.
Когда алкилгли��идиловые эфиры C12-C14 смешиваются с отвердителями, такими как амины, кислоты или ангидриды, они подвергаются химической реакции, называемой отверждением эпоксидной смолы.
Этот процесс отверждения приводит к образованию сшитой полимерной сетки, в результате чего получаются материалы с повышенной прочностью и долговечностью.

Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 обычно используются в качестве ключевых компонентов в системах эпоксидных смол.
Эпоксидные смолы универсальны и находят применение в различных отраслях промышленности, включая строительство, аэрокосмическую промышленность, электронику, автомобилестроение и многое другое.
Они используются для покрытий, клеев, композитов и инкапсуляции благодаря своим превосходным адгезионным свойствам, химической стойкости и механической прочности.

C12-C14 алкилглицидиловый эфир, и их свойства могут варьироваться в зависимости от их химической структуры и длины алкильных или арильных цепей, присоединенных к глицидильной группе.
Некоторые распространенные глицидиловые эфиры включают алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14, фенилглицидиловый эфир и глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14, упомянутый ранее.
Каждый тип может иметь уникальные характеристики и области применения.

Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14, такие как глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14, также могут служить растворителями или разбавителями в эпоксидных составах.
Они помогают снизить вязкость эпоксидных смол, облегчая их обработку и нанесение.
Выбор алкилглицидилового эфира C12-C14 может повлиять на кинетику отверждения и конечные свойства эпоксидной системы.

Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 обладают ценными свойствами, поэтому важно учитывать их потенциальное воздействие на окружающую среду и здоровье.
Некоторые глицидиловые эфиры могут подпадать под действие правил и ограничений из-за опасений по поводу токсичности и стойкости в окружающей среде.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 важно использовать и утилизировать эти соединения ответственно и в соответствии с соответствующими правилами.

Разработка новых алкилглицидиловых эфиров C12-C14 и эпоксидных составов является активной областью исследований и инноваций.
Ученые и инженеры постоянно стремятся улучшить эпоксидные материалы для широкого спектра применений, от передовых композитов до высокоэффективных покрытий.

Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 используются в синтезе фармацевтических соединений из-за их универсальной химической активности.
Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 могут служить поверхностно-активными веществами или эмульгаторами в различных составах, включая средства личной гигиены и промышленные процессы.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 можно использовать в качестве добавок в полимеры для изменения таких свойств, как гибкость, адгезия и ударопрочность.
Химики могут модифицировать алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 с помощью различных реакций для создания специализированных производных со специфическими свойствами.
Эти производные могут иметь применение в нишевых отраслях и исследованиях.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14, крайне важно соблюдать правила техники безопасности и понимать потенциальную опасность для здоровья.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 может раздражать кожу, глаза и дыхательную систему.
Надлежащая вентиляция, средства индивидуальной защиты и безопасные методы обращения необходимы для минимизации воздействия.

Регулирующие органы в разных странах, такие как Агентство по охране окружающей среды (EPA) в Соединенных Штатах, часто регулируют использование, маркировку и утилизацию алкилглицидиловых эфиров C12-C14 и связанных с ними соединений.
Пользователи алкилглицидилового эфира C12-C14 должны знать об этих правилах и соблюдать их, чтобы обеспечить безопасное и соответствующее требованиям использование.

Текущие исследования направлены на разработку алкилглицидиловых эфиров C12-C14 и систем эпоксидных смол с улучшенными характеристиками, устойчивостью и сниженным воздействием на окружающую среду.
Это включает в себя исследование биологических или возобновляемых источников глицидиловых эфиров.
Свойства алкилглицидиловых эфиров C12-C14 могут значительно различаться в зависимости от их химической структуры и производственного процесса.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 необходим для выбора подходящего глицидилового эфира для конкретного применения на основе желаемых свойств и критериев эффективности.
Существуют различные отраслевые стандарты и спецификации для алкилглицидиловых эфиров C12-C14 и систем эпоксидных смол, особенно в таких секторах, как аэрокосмическая промышленность и электроника.
Соблюдение этих стандартов имеет важное значение для обеспечения качества и безопасности продукции.

C12-C14 алкилглицидиловый эфир, важно учитывать их совместимость с другими химическими веществами и добавками в системе.
Тестирование совместимости часто проводится, чтобы оценить, как взаимодействуют различные компоненты и достигают ли они желаемых свойств.

Надлежащая утилизация и управление отходами алкилглицидилового эфира C12-C14 и эпоксидных составов имеют решающее значение для предотвращения загрязнения окружающей среды.
Во многих регионах существуют конкретные руководящие принципы по утилизации опасных материалов, и соблюдение этих руководящих принципов необходимо.

Использует
В качестве модификатора эпоксидной смолы алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 классифицируется как эпоксидный реактивный разбавитель.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 является одним из семейства доступных глицидиловых эфиров, используемых для снижения вязкости эпоксидных смол.
Затем они дополнительно превращаются в покрытия, герметики, клеи и эластомеры.

Смолы с этим разбавителем, как правило, демонстрируют улучшенную обрабатываемость.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 также используется для синтеза других молекул.
Использование разбавителя влияет на механические свойства и микроструктуру эпоксидных смол.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 в основном используется в качестве модификатора снижения вязкости в составах эпоксидных смол.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 полезен для смолистых покрытий полов, литейных смесей, покрытий, клеев и систем электрической герметизации.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется в качестве промежуточного химического вещества.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется в следующих продуктах: наполнители, шпатлевки, штукатурки, пластилин, продукты для покрытий, клеи и герметики и полимеры.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется в промышленности, что приводит к производству другого вещества (использование промежуточных продуктов).
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется в следующих областях: составление смесей и/или переупаковка и добыча полезных ископаемых.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется для производства: химикатов, пластмассовых изделий, резиновых изделий, минеральных продуктов (например, штукатурки, цемента), электрического, электронного и оптического оборудования, машин и транспортных средств.
Выброс в окружающую среду алкилглицидилового эфира С12-С14 может происходить при промышленном использовании: при производстве изделий, составлении смесей и в качестве промежуточного этапа при дальнейшем производстве другого вещества (использование промежуточных продуктов).
Другие выбросы алкилглицидилового эфира C12-C14 в окружающую среду могут происходить в результате: использования внутри помещений.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 часто используется в качестве реакционноспособного разбавителя или сомономера в составах эпоксидных смол.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 может снизить вязкость эпоксидной системы, облегчая ее обработку и нанесение.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется в рецептуре клеев на основе эпоксидной смолы, которые ценятся за высокую прочность, химическую стойкость и долговечность.

Эти клеи находят применение в различных отраслях промышленности, включая строительную, автомобильную и аэрокосмическую.
В области покрытий этот глицидиловый эфир можно использовать в качестве модификатора для повышения характеристик покрытий на основе эпоксидной смолы.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 может улучшить адгезию, ударопрочность и коррозионную стойкость.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 можно использовать в производстве композиционных материалов, где его эпоксидная функциональность необходима для склеивания и армирования.
Глицидиловые эфиры, в том числе глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14, часто используются в качестве компонентов в составах эпоксидных смол.
Они служат нескольким целям в эпоксидных системах:

Они снижают вязкость эпоксидных смол, облегчая их обработку и нанесение.
Глицидиловые эфиры реагируют с отвердителями (например, аминами или кислотами) с образованием сшитых сетей, придавая эпоксидным изделиям прочность и долговечность.
Они могут изменять механические, термические и химические свойства отвержденной эпоксидной смолы в зависимости от конкретного используемого глицидилового эфира.

Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется в рецептуре клеев на основе эпоксидной смолы.
Эти клеи известны своей высокой прочностью сцепления и устойчивостью к различным условиям окружающей среды, что делает их пригодными для склеивания широкого спектра материалов в таких отраслях, как автомобилестроение, строительство и аэрокосмическая промышленность.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 можно использовать в покрытиях на основе эпоксидной смолы, таких как защитные покрытия для промышленного оборудования, полов и трубопроводов.

Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 обеспечивают превосходную коррозионную стойкость, химическую стойкость и долговечность.
В аэрокосмической, автомобильной и спортивной промышленности глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 может использоваться в производстве композиционных материалов.
Эпоксидные композиты ценятся за их легкие, высокопрочные свойства и используются для производства таких компонентов, как детали самолетов, автомобильные кузовные панели и спортивное оборудование.

В электронной промышленности глицидиловые эфиры используются для инкапсуляции электронных компонентов, обеспечивая защиту от влаги, химических веществ и физических повреждений.
Герметики на основе эпоксидной смолы используются в строительстве и производстве для герметизации стыков и зазоров.
Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 может быть частью состава для улучшения адгезионных и герметизирующих свойств.

В формовочной промышленности эпоксидные формовочные смеси используются для герметизации электронных компонентов и создания формованных деталей с превосходной стабильностью размеров и тепловыми свойствами.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 можно использовать для обработки волокон, повышая их совместимость с эпоксидными смолами.
Эти обработанные волокна затем используются для армирования эпоксидных композитов, улучшая их прочность и жесткость.

Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 также используются в научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работах для создания новых эпоксидных составов с индивидуальными свойствами для конкретных применений.
Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 используются в морских применениях, таких как строительство и ремонт лодок.
Они обеспечивают прочное и водостойкое сцепление, что делает их пригодными для ламинирования стекловолокна и других материалов.

Алкилглицидилэфиры C12-C14 используются для компонентов самолетов, включая крылья, фюзеляжи и внутренние конструкции.
Эти материалы обеспечивают высокое соотношение прочности и веса, что имеет решающее значение в авиации.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется в автомобилестроении.

Их можно найти в таких компонентах, как легкие композиты, армированные углеродным волокном, конструкционные клеи для сборки автомобилей и покрытия для деталей двигателя.
Алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 используются в производстве печатных плат (PCB).
Они служат изоляционным материалом и помогают защитить электронные компоненты от влаги и факторов окружающей среды.

Алкилглицидилэфиры C12-C14 используются художниками и мастерами для создания скульптур, ювелирных изделий и различных произведений искусства.
Они ценятся за прозрачность, долговечность и простоту использования при литье и нанесении покрытий.
Покрытия и клеи на основе эпоксидной смолы можно найти в различных потребительских товарах, таких как бытовая техника, спортивные товары и материалы для обустройства дома.

В секторе возобновляемых источников энергии алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 используется в производстве лопастей ветряных турбин и солнечных панелей из-за их легких и прочных свойств.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 при соответствующей модификации и отверждении может использоваться в качестве покрытий в упаковочных материалах для пищевых продуктов, обеспечивая защитный барьер и улучшая целостность упаковки.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 обычно доступен для ремонта дома своими руками, включая устранение трещин в бетоне, ремонт протекающих труб и латание дыр в различных материалах.

Алкилглицидилэфиры C12-C14 продолжают играть важную роль в разработке передовых материалов, включая высокоэффективные композиты, покрытия с улучшенными свойствами и наноматериалы.
Текущие исследования сосредоточены на разработке алкилглицидиловых эфиров C12-C14 из возобновляемых источников в соответствии с принципами зеленой химии для снижения воздействия на окружающую среду.

Пользователи алкилглицидилового эфира C12-C14 должны быть осведомлены о правилах и рекомендациях по использованию глицидиловых эфиров, особенно в чувствительных приложениях, таких как материалы, контактирующие с пищевыми продуктами, или медицинские устройства.
Соблюдение этих правил имеет решающее значение для обеспечения безопасности продукции и здоровья потребителей.

Соображения безопасности:
Как и в случае с любым химическим соединением, важно соблюдать правила безопасности и использовать соответствующие защитные меры при обращении с глицидиловым эфиром спирта C12-C14.
Это включает в себя ношение соответствующих средств индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ) и работу в хорошо проветриваемом помещении, чтобы свести к минимуму воздействие.

Глицидиловый эфир спирта C12-C14 может раздражать кожу и глаза при контакте.
Воздействие на кожу может привести к покраснению, зуду или дерматиту, а попадание в глаза может вызвать раздражение, покраснение и дискомфорт.
Длительное или повторное воздействие может усугубить эти эффекты.

Вдыхание паров или туманов глицидилового эфира спирта C12-C14 может раздражать дыхательную систему, что приводит к таким симптомам, как кашель, одышка и раздражение горла.
Алкилглицидиловый эфир C12-C14 также может вызывать головные боли или головокружение при воздействии высоких концентраций в плохо проветриваемых помещениях.
При неправильном обращении или хранении алкилглицидиловые эфиры C12-C14 могут подвергаться опасным реакциям, таким как полимеризация или разложение, особенно при воздействии повышенных температур или несовместимых веществ.

Синонимы
68609-97-2
Лаурилглицидиловый эфир
ДОДЕЦИЛГЛИЦИДИЛОВЫЙ ЭФИР
Глицидиллауриловый эфир
2-(додекоксиметил)оксиран
N-додецилглицидиловый эфир
2- [(Додецилокси) метил]оксиран
Эфир, додецил 2,3-эпоксипропил
((Додецилокси) метил) оксиран
Пропан, 1-(додецилокси)-2,3-эпоксид-
Оксиран, ((додецилокси) метил) -
лаурилглицидиловый эфир
додецилглицидиловый эфир
ККРИС 2635
HSDB 5462
1-додецилглицидиловый эфир
ЭИНЭКС 219-554-1
[(Додецилокси)метил]оксиран
DTXSID0025494
Оксиран, [(додецилокси) метил]-
UNII-84653J97E3
Оксиран, 2- ((додецилокси) метил) -
84653J97E3
2- ((Додецилокси) метил) оксиран
Оксиран, 2- [(додецилокси) метил]-
C12Ge cpd
глицидилдодециловый эфир
DSSTox_CID_5494
ДЕНАКОЛ EX 192
2- (додецилоксиметил) оксиран
DSSTox_RID_78656
DSSTox_GSID_28774
SCHEMBL15970
DTXCID605494
ГЛИЦИДИЛ-Н-ДОДЕЦИЛОВЫЙ ЭФИР
CHEMBL1574716
2- [(Додецилокси) метил]оксиран #
Tox21_200787
Tox21_303452
MFCD00022344
STL453740
ГЛИЦИДИЛОВЫЙ ЭФИР ДОДЕЦИЛОВОГО СПИРТА
AKOS024332807
ДОДЕЦИЛ 2,3-ЭПОКСИПРОПИЛОВЫЙ ЭФИР
ЛС-1057
1-ДОДЕЦИЛГЛИЦИДИЛОВЫЙ ЭФИР [HSDB]
NCGC00091870-01
NCGC00091870-02
NCGC00257384-01
NCGC00258341-01
1,2-ЭПОКСИДНАЯ СМОЛА-3- (ДОДЕЦИЛОКСИ) ПРОПАН
АС-60945
КАС-2461-18-9
КАС-68609-97-2
CS-0320613
Г0448
Т72150
6-АМИНО-2-МЕТИЛ-2-ГЕПТАНОЛГИДРОХЛОРИД
Q27269499

SYNONYMS Alcohols, C12-14(even numbered), ethoxylated < 2.5 EO, sulfates, sodium salts;Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate;Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; CAS NO:68891-38-3

SYNONYMS Alcohols, C12-14(even numbered), ethoxylated < 2.5 EO, sulfates, sodium salts;Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate;Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; CAS NO:68891-38-3

SYNONYMS Alcohols, C12-14(even numbered), ethoxylated < 2.5 EO, sulfates, sodium salts;Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate;Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; CAS NO:68891-38-3

N° CAS : 68411-27-8, Le C12-15 Alkyl benzoate est utilisé en cosmétique en tant qu'émollient (adoucissant). Il est souvent aussi utilisé en tant qu'agent antimicrobien dans les crèmes solaires. C'est un ester de faible poids moléculaire d'acide benzoïque et d'alcools en C12-C15. On le retrouve dans de très nombreux produits pour la peau et les cheveux en raison de ses facultés à rendre le toucher soyeux et doux. Benzoic acid, C12-15-alkyl esters; C12 C15 alkyl benzoate; C12-C15 alkyl benzoate;Esterification product of alcohols, C12-15 (linear and branched) and benzoic acid

alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); Polyoxyethylene (3) tridecyl ether; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl alcohol; POE Tridecyl alcohol; Polyoxyethylene Tridecyl Ether; CAS NO:68439-54-3

Alcohols, C16-18, ethoxylated; (C16-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate; (C16-C18) Fatty alcohol, ethylene oxide reaction product; Alfonic 1618-46; Aliphatic (C16-C18)alcohol, ethoxylated; Ceteareth 11; Ceteareth 12; Ceteareth 15; Ceteareth 16; Ceteareth 18; Ceteareth 25; Ceteareth 50; Ceteareth 80 CAS no.: 68439-49-6

C18-22 HYDROXYALKYL HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : C18-22 HYDROXYALKYL HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica — вспомогательное вещество чрезвычайно высокой чистоты, подходящее для использования в качестве многофункциональной добавки в фармацевтической промышленности.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 дымящий кремнезем совместим со многими фармацевтическими ингредиентами и может действовать как средство, улучшающее текучесть, чтобы уменьшить распространенные проблемы при производстве таблеток и капсул, включая плохой поток через бункер, разделение активных/неактивных ингредиентов и разрушение таблеток во время прессования. .
CAB-O-SIL M-5 дымящий кремнезем представляет собой оксид кремния, состоящий из линейных трехатомных молекул, в которых атом кремния ковалентно связан с двумя атомами кислорода.

КАС: 112945-52-5
ПФ: O2Si
МВт: 60,08
ЕИНЭКС: 231-545-4

Синонимы
acticel;КРЕМНЕЗЕЛЬ ГЕЛЬ 7G;КРЕМНЕГЕЛЬ 8-20 МЕШ;КРЕМНЕЗЕМЕЛЬ 12-28 МЕШ;КРЕМНЕЗЕМЕЛЬ 100;КРЕМНЕЗЕЛЬ 60;КРЕМНЕЗЕЛЬ 30;КРЕМНЕЗЕМЕЛЬ 60 G;Пирогенный кремнезем; кремнеземный дым; Коллоидный кремнезем дымчатый; Кремнезем дымленый; кремниевый ангидрид; дымящий диоксид кремния; Аэросил; Каб-О-Сил; Кабосил; диоксид кремния аморфный, синтетический аморфный кремнезем; коллоидный диоксид кремния, ts-100 acematt, белый технический углерод

Синтетический кремнезем CAB-O-SIL M-5 обладает интересными загущающими и тиксотропными свойствами, а также огромной площадью внешней поверхности.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 дымящий кремнезем производится методом гидролиза в паровой фазе с использованием хлорсиланов или замещенных силанов, таких как тетрахлорид кремния, в пламени водорода и кислорода.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Дымчатый кремнезем формируется и собирается в сухом состоянии.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica не содержит обнаруживаемого кристаллического кремнезема.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica представляет собой порошок, состоящий из сфер аморфного кремнезема субмикронного размера, расположенных в виде разветвленных цепочек различной длины.
Для производства дымящего кремнезема CAB-O-SIL M-5 тетрахлорид кремния или кварц сжигается в пламени водорода и кислорода с получением расплавленных сфер одинакового размера, которые впоследствии сливаются в трехмерные агрегаты.
Хотя длина и форма этих цепочек различаются (что придает им огромную площадь внешней поверхности), размер самих сфер можно контролировать в процессе приготовления.

CAB-O-SIL M-5 дымящий кремнезем проявляет тиксотропные свойства и обычно используется в качестве осушителя, загустителя и средства, препятствующего слеживанию, а также стабилизатора в фармацевтических препаратах, косметике, красках и покрытиях, герметиках и гелевых аккумуляторах (в качестве добавки). к кислотным электролитам).
Компания American Elements может производить как гидрофильный, так и гидрофобный (обработанный) дымленый кремнезем CAB-O-SIL M-5 различных размеров и площадей поверхности.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica — это дымчатый диоксид кремния со средней поверхностью, который обеспечивает значительное увеличение вязкости в жидких системах, свободное растекание порошков и усиление силикона и органических каучуков.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica наиболее эффективен в системах от неполярной до средней полярности и обеспечивает превосходный баланс эффективности загущения и диспергируемости.
Ключевые характеристики дымящего кремнезема CAB-O-SIL M-5 включают высокую чистоту, агрегированную структуру, субмикронный размер частиц, низкую объемную плотность и гидрофильную поверхность.

Химические свойства дымящегося кремнезема CAB-O-SIL M-5
Точка плавления: >1600°C.
Плотность: 2,3 фунта/куб.фут при 25 °C (объемная плотность)(лит.)
Показатель преломления: n20/D 1,46(лит.)
Растворимость: Практически нерастворим в органических растворителях, воде и кислотах, за исключением плавиковой кислоты; растворим в горячих растворах гидроксида щелочного металла.
С водой образует коллоидную дисперсию. Растворимость аэросила в воде составляет 150 мг/л при 258 ℃ (pH 7).
Форма: порошок
Удельный вес: 2,2
Гидролитическая чувствительность 5: образует обратимый гидрат.
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 112945-52-5 (ссылка на базу данных CAS)
Система регистрации веществ EPA: CAB-O-SIL M-5 дымящий кремнезем (112945-52-5)

CAB-O-SIL M-5 дымящий кремнезем, некристаллическая форма SiO2, представляет собой аморфный порошок от прозрачного до серого цвета без запаха.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica представляет собой субмикроскопический дымящий кремнезем с размером частиц около 15 нм.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica представляет собой легкий, рыхлый, голубовато-белого цвета, без запаха и вкуса, аморфный порошок.

Использование
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica обладает интересными загущающими и тиксотропными свойствами, а также огромной площадью внешней поверхности.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 дымящий кремнезем производится методом гидролиза в паровой фазе с использованием хлорсиланов или замещенных силанов, таких как тетрахлорид кремния, в пламени водорода и кислорода.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Дымчатый кремнезем формируется и собирается в сухом состоянии.
CAB-O-SIL M-5 Fumed Silica не содержит обнаруживаемого кристаллического кремнезема.

CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F, также известный как пирогенный кремнезем, поскольку он производится в пламени, состоит из микроскопических капель аморфного кремнезема, сплавленных в разветвленные, цепочечные, трехмерные вторичные частицы, которые затем агломерируются в третичные частицы.
Полученный порошок имеет чрезвычайно низкую объемную плотность и большую площадь поверхности.
Трехмерная структура CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F приводит к увеличению вязкости и тиксотропному поведению при использовании в качестве загустителя или армирующего наполнителя.

КАС: 112945-52-5
ПФ: O2Si
МВт: 60,08
ЕИНЭКС: 231-545-4

Синонимы
acticel;КРЕМНЕЗЕЛЬ ГЕЛЬ 7G;КРЕМНЕГЕЛЬ 8-20 МЕШ;КРЕМНЕЗЕМЕЛЬ 12-28 МЕШ;КРЕМНЕЗЕМЕЛЬ 100;КРЕМНЕЗЕЛЬ 60;КРЕМНЕЗЕЛЬ 30;КРЕМНЕЗЕМЕЛЬ 60 G;Пирогенный кремнезем; кремнеземный дым; Коллоидный кремнезем дымчатый; Кремнезем дымленый; кремниевый ангидрид; дымящий диоксид кремния; Аэросил; Каб-О-Сил; Кабосил; диоксид кремния аморфный, синтетический аморфный кремнезем; коллоидный диоксид кремния, ts-100 acematt, белый технический углерод

CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F представляет собой оксид кремния, состоящий из линейных трехатомных молекул, в которых атом кремния ковалентно связан с двумя атомами кислорода.

Химические свойства CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F
Точка плавления: >1600°C.
плотность: 2,3 фунта/куб.фут при 25 °C (объемная плотность)(лит.)
показатель преломления: n20/D 1,46 (лит.)
растворимость: Практически нерастворим в органических растворителях, воде и кислотах, кроме плавиковой кислоты; растворим в горячих растворах гидроксида щелочного металла.
С водой образует коллоидную дисперсию. Растворимость аэросила в воде составляет 150 мг/л при 258 ℃ (pH 7).
форма: порошок
Удельный вес: 2,2
Гидролитическая чувствительность 5: образует обратимый гидрат.
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 112945-52-5 (ссылка на базу данных CAS)
Система регистрации веществ EPA: CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F (112945-52-5)

CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F, некристаллическая форма SiO2, представляет собой аморфный порошок от прозрачного до серого цвета без запаха.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F представляет собой субмикроскопический коллоидный диоксид кремния с размером частиц около 15 нм.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F представляет собой легкий, сыпучий аморфный порошок голубовато-белого цвета, без запаха и вкуса.

Характеристики
Диоксид кремния CAB-O-SIL® EH-5FP. Основной размер частиц составляет 5–50 нм.
Частицы непористые и имеют площадь поверхности 50–600 м2/г.
Плотность 160–190 кг/м3.

Приложения
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F служит универсальным загустителем и антислеживателем (добавкой сыпучести) в порошках.
Как и силикагель, CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F служит влагопоглотителем.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F используется в косметике благодаря своим светорассеивающим свойствам.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F используется в качестве легкого абразива в таких продуктах, как зубная паста. Другие области применения включают наполнитель силиконового эластомера и регулирование вязкости красок, покрытий, печатных красок, клеев и ненасыщенных полиэфирных смол.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F легко образует сетчатую структуру внутри битума и повышает его эластичность.

Фармацевтическое применение
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F широко используется в фармацевтической, косметической и пищевой промышленности.
Небольшой размер частиц CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F и большая удельная площадь поверхности придают ему желаемые характеристики текучести, которые используются для улучшения текучести сухих порошков в ряде процессов, таких как таблетирование и наполнение капсул.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F также используется для стабилизации эмульсий и в качестве тиксотропного загустителя и суспендирующего агента в гелях и полутвердых препаратах.
С другими ингредиентами с аналогичным показателем преломления можно сформировать прозрачные гели.
Степень увеличения вязкости зависит от полярности жидкости (полярные жидкости обычно требуют большей концентрации коллоидного диоксида кремния, чем неполярные жидкости). Вязкость в значительной степени не зависит от температуры.

Однако изменения pH системы могут повлиять на вязкость1.
В аэрозолях, кроме аэрозолей для ингаляций, CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F используется для стимулирования взвешивания частиц, устранения жесткого осаждения и минимизации засорения распылительных форсунок.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F также используется в качестве разрыхлителя таблеток и адсорбента-диспергатора жидкостей в порошках.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F часто добавляют в составы суппозиториев, содержащих липофильные наполнители, для увеличения вязкости, предотвращения седиментации во время формования и снижения скорости высвобождения.
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F также используется в качестве адсорбента при приготовлении восковых микросфер; в качестве загустителя для препаратов местного применения; и использовался для сублимационной сушки нанокапсул и суспензий наносфер.

Вопросы здравоохранения
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F не внесен в список канцерогенов OSHA, IARC или NTP.
Из-за своей тонкости и тонкости дымчатый кремнезем может легко переноситься по воздуху, что делает его опасным при вдыхании и может вызвать раздражение.

Производство
CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F изготавливается путем пламенного пиролиза тетрахлорида кремния или кварцевого песка, испаренного в электрической дуге при температуре 3000 °C.
Крупнейшими мировыми производителями являются Evonik (который продает CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F под названием Aerosil), Cabot Corporation (Cab-O-Sil), Wacker Chemie (HDK), Dow Corning, Heraeus (Zandosil), Tokuyama Corporation ( Реолосил), OCI (Конасил), Орисил (Орисил) и Ксюнюхем (XYSIL).

Методы очистки
Для очистки CAB-O-SIL® EH-5F для высокотехнологичных применений используется изопиестическая перегонка паров концентрированных летучих кислот и абсорбция водой высокой чистоты.
Примеси остаются.
Предварительная очистка от поверхностных загрязнений использует травление погружением в HF или смесь HCl, H2O2 и деионизированной воды.

1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine; 1-methyltheobromine; 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione; 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine; Methyltheobromide; 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione; Caffenium; 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine; 7-methyltheophylline; 1,3,7-trimethyl-Xanthine CAS NO: 58-08-2

CAFFEINE Property Name Property Value Reference CAFFEINE Molecular Weight 194.19 g/mol CAFFEINE XLogP3 -0.1 CAFFEINE Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 CAFFEINE Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3 CAFFEINE Rotatable Bond Count 0 CAFFEINE Exact Mass 194.080376 g/mol CAFFEINE Monoisotopic Mass 194.080376 g/mol CAFFEINE Topological Polar Surface Area 58.4 Ų CAFFEINE Heavy Atom Count 14 CAFFEINE Formal Charge 0 CAFFEINE Complexity 293 CAFFEINE Isotope Atom Count 0 CAFFEINE Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 CAFFEINE Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 CAFFEINE Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 CAFFEINE Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 CAFFEINE Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 CAFFEINE Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug.Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptors and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system. Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to Africa, East Asia and South America,and helps to protect them against predator insects and to prevent germination of nearby seeds.The most well-known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, the seed of the Coffea plant. People may drink beverages containing caffeine to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve cognitive performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular; as of 2014, 85% of American adults consumed some form of caffeine daily, consuming 164 mg on average. Caffeine can have both positive and negative health effects. It can treat and prevent the premature infant breathing disorders bronchopulmonary dysplasia of prematurity and apnea of prematurity. Caffeine citrate is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases,including Parkinson's disease.Some people experience sleep disruption or anxiety if they consume caffeine, but others show little disturbance. Evidence of a risk during pregnancy is equivocal; some authorities recommend that pregnant women limit caffeine to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less.Caffeine can produce a mild form of drug dependence - associated with withdrawal symptoms such as sleepiness, headache, and irritability - when an individual stops using caffeine after repeated daily intake.Tolerance to the autonomic effects of increased blood pressure and heart rate, and increased urine output, develops with chronic use (i.e., these symptoms become less pronounced or do not occur following consistent use). Caffeine is classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Toxic doses, over 10 grams per day for an adult, are much higher than the typical dose of under 500 milligrams per day.A cup of coffee contains 80-175 mg of caffeine, depending on what "bean" (seed) is used, how it is roasted (darker roasts have less caffeine), and how it is prepared (e.g., drip, percolation, or espresso). Thus it requires roughly 50-100 ordinary cups of coffee to reach the toxic dose. However, pure powdered caffeine, which is available as a dietary supplement, can be lethal in tablespoon-sized amounts. Contents 1 Use -CAFFEINE 1.1 Medical -CAFFEINE 1.2 Enhancing performance ->CAFFEINE 1.3 Specific populations ->CAFFEINE 2 Adverse effects ->CAFFEINE 2.1 Physical ->CAFFEINE 2.2 Psychological ->CAFFEINE 2.3 Reinforcement disorders ->CAFFEINE 2.4 Risk of other diseases ->CAFFEINE 3 Overdose ->CAFFEINE 4 Interactions ->CAFFEINE 4.1 Alcohol ->CAFFEINE 4.2 Tobacco ->CAFFEINE 4.3 Birth control ->CAFFEINE 4.4 Medications ->CAFFEINE 5 Pharmacology ->CAFFEINE 5.1 Pharmacodynamics ->CAFFEINE 5.2 Pharmacokinetics ->CAFFEINE 6 Chemistry ->CAFFEINE 6.1 Synthesis ->CAFFEINE 6.2 Decaffeination ->CAFFEINE 6.3 Detection in body fluids ->CAFFEINE 6.4 Analogs ->CAFFEINE 6.5 Precipitation of tannins ->CAFFEINE 7 Natural occurrence ->CAFFEINE 8 Products ->CAFFEINE 8.1 Beverages ->CAFFEINE 8.2 Chocolate ->CAFFEINE 8.3 Tablets ->CAFFEINE 8.4 Other oral products ->CAFFEINE 8.5 Inhalants ->CAFFEINE 8.6 Combinations with other drugs ->CAFFEINE 9 History ->CAFFEINE 9.1 Discovery and spread of use ->CAFFEINE 9.2 Chemical identification, isolation, and synthesis ->CAFFEINE 9.3 Historic regulations ->CAFFEINE 10 Society and culture ->CAFFEINE 10.1 Regulations ->CAFFEINE 10.2 Consumption ->CAFFEINE 10.3 Religions ->CAFFEINE 11 Other organisms ->CAFFEINE 12 Research ->CAFFEINE Medical ->CAFFEINE Main article: Caffeine citrate Caffeine is used in: Some people use caffeine-containing beverages such as coffee or tea to try to treat their asthma.Evidence to support this practice, however, is poor.It appears that caffeine improves airway function in people with asthma, increasing forced expiratory volume (FEV1) by 5% to 18%, with this effect lasting for up to four hours.The addition of caffeine (100-130 mg) to commonly prescribed pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen modestly improves the proportion of people who achieve pain relief.Enhancing performance Cognitive Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that reduces fatigue and drowsiness.At normal doses, caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory, but it generally improves reaction time, wakefulness, concentration, and motor coordination.The amount of caffeine needed to produce these effects varies from person to person, depending on body size and degree of tolerance.The desired effects arise approximately one hour after consumption, and the desired effects of a moderate dose usually subside after about three or four hours.Caffeine can delay or prevent sleep and improves task performance during sleep deprivation.Shift workers who use caffeine make fewer mistakes due to drowsiness.A systematic review and meta-analysis from 2014 found that concurrent caffeine and l-theanine use has synergistic psychoactive effects that promote alertness, attention, and task switching;these effects are most pronounced during the first hour post-dose. Physical ->CAFFEINE Caffeine is a proven ergogenic aid in humans.Caffeine improves athletic performance in aerobic (especially endurance sports) and anaerobic conditions.Moderate doses of caffeine (around 5 mg/kg) can improve sprint performance,cycling and running time trial performance,endurance (i.e., it delays the onset of muscle fatigue and central fatigue), and cycling power output. Caffeine increases basal metabolic rate in adults.Caffeine improves muscular strength and power,and may enhance muscular endurance.Caffeine also enhances performance on anaerobic tests. Caffeine consumption before constant load exercise is associated with reduced perceived exertion. While this effect is not present during exercise-to-exhaustion exercise, performance is significantly enhanced. This is congruent with caffeine reducing perceived exertion, because exercise-to-exhaustion should end at the same point of fatigue.Caffeine also improves power output and reduces time to completion in aerobic time trials, an effect positively (but not exclusively) associated with longer duration exercise. Specific populations ->CAFFEINE Adults For the general population of healthy adults, Health Canada advises a daily intake of no more than 400 mg.This limit was found to be safe by a 2017 systematic review on caffeine toxicology.Children ->CAFFEINEIn healthy children, moderate caffeine intake under 400 mg produces effects that are "modest and typically innocuous".Higher doses of caffeine (>400 mg) can cause physiological, psychological and behavioral harm, particularly for children with psychiatric or cardiac conditions.There is no evidence that coffee stunts a child's growth.The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that caffeine consumption is not appropriate for children and adolescents and should be avoided.This recommendation is based on a clinical report released by American Academy of Pediatrics in 2011 with a review of 45 publications from 1994 to 2011 and includes inputs from various stakeholders (Pediatricians, Committee on nutrition, Canadian Pediatric Society, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, Sports Medicine & Fitness committee, National Federations of High School Associations).For children age 12 and under, Health Canada recommends a maximum daily caffeine intake of no more than 2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. Based on average body weights of children, this translates to the following age-based intake limits:Age range Maximum recommended daily caffeine intake 4-6 45 mg (slightly more than in 12 oz of a typical caffeinated soft drink) 7-9 62.5 mg 10-12 85 mg (about ½ cup of coffee) AdolescentsHealth Canada has not developed advice for adolescents because of insufficient data. However, they suggest that daily caffeine intake for this age group be no more than 2.5 mg/kg body weight. This is because the maximum adult caffeine dose may not be appropriate for light-weight adolescents or for younger adolescents who are still growing. The daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight would not cause adverse health effects in the majority of adolescent caffeine consumers. This is a conservative suggestion since older and heavier weight adolescents may be able to consume adult doses of caffeine without suffering adverse effects.Pregnancy and breastfeeding The metabolism of caffeine is reduced in pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, and the half life of caffeine during pregnancy can be increased up to 15 hours (as compared to 2.5 to 4.5 hours in non-pregnant adults).Current evidence regarding the effects of caffeine on pregnancy and for breastfeeding are inconclusive.There is limited primary and secondary advice for, or against, caffeine use during pregnancy and its effects on the fetus or newborn.The UK Food Standards Agency has recommended that pregnant women should limit their caffeine intake, out of prudence, to less than 200 mg of caffeine a day - the equivalent of two cups of instant coffee, or one and a half to two cups of fresh coffee.The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) concluded in 2010 that caffeine consumption is safe up to 200 mg per day in pregnant women.For women who breastfeed, are pregnant, or may become pregnant, Health Canada recommends a maximum daily caffeine intake of no more than 300 mg, or a little over two 8 oz (237 mL) cups of coffee.A 2017 systematic review on caffeine toxicology found evidence supporting that caffeine consumption up to 300 mg/day for pregnant women is generally not associated with adverse reproductive or developmental effect. There are conflicting reports in the scientific literature about caffeine use during pregnancy.A 2011 review found that caffeine during pregnancy does not appear to increase the risk of congenital malformations, miscarriage or growth retardation even when consumed in moderate to high amounts.Other reviews, however, concluded that there is some evidence that higher caffeine intake by pregnant women may be associated with a higher risk of giving birth to a low birth weight baby,and may be associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss.A systematic review, analyzing the results of observational studies, suggests that women who consume large amounts of caffeine (greater than 300 mg/day) prior to becoming pregnant may have a higher risk of experiencing pregnancy loss. Adverse effects ->CAFFEINE Physical Coffee and caffeine can affect gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion.Caffeine in low doses may cause weak bronchodilation for up to four hours in asthmatics.In postmenopausal women, high caffeine consumption can accelerate bone loss. Acute ingestion of caffeine in large doses (at least 250-300 mg, equivalent to the amount found in 2-3 cups of coffee or 5-8 cups of tea) results in a short-term stimulation of urine output in individuals who have been deprived of caffeine for a period of days or weeks. This increase is due to both a diuresis (increase in water excretion) and a natriuresis (increase in saline excretion); it is mediated via proximal tubular adenosine receptor blockade.The acute increase in urinary output may increase the risk of dehydration. However, chronic users of caffeine develop a tolerance to this effect and experience no increase in urinary output. Psychological ->CAFFEINE Minor undesired symptoms from caffeine ingestion not sufficiently severe to warrant a psychiatric diagnosis are common and include mild anxiety, jitteriness, insomnia, increased sleep latency, and reduced coordination.Caffeine can have negative effects on anxiety disorders.According to a 2011 literature review, caffeine use is positively associated with anxiety and panic disorders.At high doses, typically greater than 300 mg, caffeine can both cause and worsen anxiety.For some people, discontinuing caffeine use can significantly reduce anxiety.In moderate doses, caffeine has been associated with reduced symptoms of depression and lower suicide risk. Reinforcement disorders ->CAFFEINE Addiction Whether caffeine can result in an addictive disorder depends on how addiction is defined. Compulsive caffeine consumption under any circumstances has not been observed, and caffeine is therefore not generally considered addictive.However, some diagnostic models, such as the ICDM-9 and ICD-10, include a classification of caffeine addiction under a broader diagnostic model.Some state that certain users can become addicted and therefore unable to decrease use even though they know there are negative health effects. Caffeine does not appear to be a reinforcing stimulus, and some degree of aversion may actually occur, with people preferring placebo over caffeine in a study on drug abuse liability published in an NIDA research monograph.Some state that research does not provide support for an underlying biochemical mechanism for caffeine addiction.Other research states it can affect the reward system. "Caffeine addiction" was added to the ICDM-9 and ICD-10. However, its addition was contested with claims that this diagnostic model of caffeine addiction is not supported by evidence.The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 does not include the diagnosis of a caffeine addiction but proposes criteria for the disorder for more study. Dependence and withdrawal Main article: Caffeine dependence See also: Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, caffeine-induced sleep disorder, and caffeinism Withdrawal can cause mild to clinically significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. The frequency at which this occurs is self-reported at 11%, but in lab tests only half of the people who report withdrawal actually experience it, casting doubt on many claims of dependence.Mild physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms may occur upon abstinence, with greater than 100 mg caffeine per day, although these symptoms last no longer than a day.Some symptoms associated with psychological dependence may also occur during withdrawal.The diagnostic criteria for caffeine withdrawal require a previous prolonged daily use of caffeine.Following 24 hours of a marked reduction in consumption, a minimum of 3 of these signs or symptoms is required to meet withdrawal criteria: difficulty concentrating, depressed mood/irritability, flu-like symptoms, headache, and fatigue.Additionally, the signs and symptoms must disrupt important areas of functioning and are not associated with effects of another condition

ACETIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT; CALCIUM ACETATE; Calcium acetate-dried; CALCIUM DIACETATE; FEMA 2228; MAGGRAN(R) CA; MAGNESIA 87219; acetatedecalcium; Aceticacid,calciunsalt; brownacetate; brownacetateoflime[qr]; grayacetate; grayacetateoflime[qr]; limeacetate; limepyrolignite; sorbo-calcion; teltozan; vinegarsalts; CALCIUM ACETATE EXTRA PURE, FCC, E 263; CALCIUM ACETATE HYDRATE PURE CAS NO:62-54-4

CALCIUM ACETATE, N° CAS : 62-54-4 - Acétate de calcium, Nom INCI : CALCIUM ACETATE, Nom chimique : Calcium di(acetate), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-540-9, Additif alimentaire : E263 Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

CALCIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, N° CAS : 9050-04-8, Nom INCI : CALCIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE, Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion, Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français :SEL CALCIQUE DU CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE; Noms anglais :CELLULOSE, CARBOXYMETHYL ETHER, CALCIUM SALT

Calcosan; Calcium Dichloride; complexometric; Calplus; Caltac; Dowflake; Liquidow; Peladow; Snomelt; Superflake Anhydrous; CAS NO. 10043-52-4, 139468-93-2 (Anhydrous) 10035-04-8 (Dihydrate) 7774-34-7 (Hexahydrate)

CAS NO:10043-52-4
EC NO:233-140-8


Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.
Calcium chloride is a white coloured crystalline solid at room temperature, and Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water.
Calcium chloride can be created by neutralising hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide.
Calcium chloride can help replenish calcium and can be an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
Calcium chloride is also a pH adjuster/water softener, which is why Calcium chloride is commonly used as a brine in refrigeration plants, as well as a tool for ice and dust control on roads.
Calcium chloride absorbs moisture from the air, and when Calcium chloride’s added to liquids Calcium chloride absorbs water.

Calcium chloride is commonly encountered as a hydrated solid with generic formula CaCl2(H2O)x, where x = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6.
These compounds are mainly used for de-icing and dust control.
Because the anhydrous salt is hygroscopic, Calcium chloride is used as a desiccant.

Uses of Calcium chloride:
By depressing the freezing point of water, calcium chloride is used to prevent ice formation and is used to de-ice.
This application consumes the greatest amount of calcium chloride.
Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil.
As a deicing agent, Calcium chloride is much more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride.
When distributed for this use, Calcium chloride usually takes the form of small, white spheres a few millimeters in diameter, called prills.
Solutions of calcium chloride can prevent freezing at temperatures as low as −52 °C (−62 °F), making Calcium chloride ideal for filling agricultural implement tires as a liquid ballast, aiding traction in cold climates.
Calcium chloride is also used in domestic and industrial chemical air dehumidifiers.

Road surfacing
Calcium chloride was sprayed on this road to prevent weathering, giving Calcium chloride a wet appearance even in dry weather.
The second largest application of calcium chloride exploits Calcium chlorides hygroscopic nature and the tackiness of Calcium chlorides hydrates;
Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and Calcium chlorides hydration is an exothermic reaction.
A concentrated solution keeps a liquid layer on the surface of dirt roads, which suppresses the formation of dust.
Calcium chloride keeps the finer dust particles on the road, providing a cushioning layer.
If these are allowed to blow away, the large aggregate begins to shift around and the road breaks down.
Using calcium chloride reduces the need for grading by as much as 50% and the need for fill-in materials as much as 80%.

Food
The average intake of calcium chloride as food additives has been estimated to be 160–345 mg/day.
Calcium chloride is permitted as a food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509.
Calcium chloride is considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Calcium chloride is use in organic crop production is generally prohibited under the US National Organic Program.

In marine aquariums, calcium chloride is one way to introduce bioavailable calcium for calcium carbonate-shelled animals such as mollusks and some cnidarians.
Calcium hydroxide (kalkwasser mix) or a calcium reactor can also be used.

As a firming agent, calcium chloride is used in canned vegetables, in firming soybean curds into tofu and in producing a caviar substitute from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an electrolyte in sports drinks and other beverages, including bottled water.
The extremely salty taste of calcium chloride is used to flavor pickles without increasing the food's sodium content.
Calcium chloride's freezing-point depression properties are used to slow the freezing of the caramel in caramel-filled chocolate bars.
Also, Calcium chloride is frequently added to sliced apples to maintain texture.

In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water.
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and can also affect yeast function during fermentation.

In cheesemaking, calcium chloride is sometimes added to processed (pasteurized/homogenized) milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein in casein.
Calcium chloride is added before the coagulant.
Calcium chloride is used to prevent cork spot and bitter pit on apples by spraying on the tree during the late growing season.

Laboratory and related drying operations
Drying tubes are frequently packed with calcium chloride.
Kelp is dried with calcium chloride for use in producing sodium carbonate.
Anhydrous calcium chloride has been approved by the FDA as a packaging aid to ensure dryness (CPG 7117.02).
The hydrated salt can be dried for re-use but will dissolve in its own water of hydration if heated quickly and form a hard amalgamated solid when cooled.

Miscellaneous applications
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to accelerate the initial setting, but chloride ions lead to corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.
The anhydrous form of calcium chloride may also be used for this purpose and can provide a measure of the moisture in concrete.
Calcium chloride is included as an additive in plastics and in fire extinguishers, in blast furnaces as an additive to control scaffolding (clumping and adhesion of materials that prevent the furnace charge from descending), and in fabric softener as a thinner.
The exothermic dissolution of calcium chloride is used in self-heating cans and heating pads.

In the oil industry, calcium chloride is used to increase the density of solids-free brines.
Calcium chloride is also used to provide inhibition of swelling clays in the water phase of invert emulsion drilling fluids.

CaCl2 acts as flux material, decreasing the melting point, in the Davy process for the industrial production of sodium metal through the electrolysis of molten NaCl.
Similarly, CaCl2 is used as a flux and electrolyte in the FFC Cambridge process for titanium production, where it ensures the proper exchange of calcium and oxygen ions between the electrodes.
Calcium chloride is also used in the production of activated charcoal.
Calcium chloride can be used to precipitate fluoride ions from water as insoluble CaF2.
Calcium chloride is also an ingredient used in ceramic slipware.

Calcium chloride suspends clay particles so that they float within the solution, making Calcium chloride easier to use in a variety of slipcasting techniques.
Calcium chloride dihydrate (20 percent by weight) dissolved in ethanol (95 percent ABV) has been used as a sterilant for male animals.
The solution is injected into the testes of the animal. Within one month, necrosis of testicular tissue results in sterilization.
Cocaine producers in Colombia import tons of Calcium Chloride to recover solvents that are on the INCB Red List and are more tightly controlled.

Properties
Calcium chloride dissolves in water, producing chloride and the aquo complex [Ca(H2O)6]2+.
In this way, these solutions are sources of "free" calcium and free chloride ions.
This description is illustrated by the fact that these solutions react with phosphate sources to give a solid precipitate of calcium phosphate:
3 CaCl2 + 2 PO3−4 → Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 Cl−
Calcium chloride has a very high enthalpy change of solution, indicated by considerable temperature rise accompanying dissolution of the anhydrous salt in water.
This property is the basis for its largest-scale application.
Molten calcium chloride can be electrolysed to give calcium metal and chlorine gas:
CaCl2 → Ca + Cl2

Preparation
In much of the world, calcium chloride is derived from limestone as a by-product of the Solvay process, which follows the net reaction below:

2 NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2
North American consumption in 2002 was 1,529,000 tonnes (3.37 billion pounds).
In the US, most of calcium chloride is obtained by purification from brine.

As with most bulk commodity salt products, trace amounts of other cations from the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and other anions from the halogens (group 17) typically occur, but the concentrations are trifling.

Calcium chloride is a white to off-white solid. Sinks and mixes with water.
Calcium chloride is a calcium salt and an inorganic chloride.
Calcium chloride has a role as a fertilizer.

Use
Deicing
Dust control, road stabilization
Insustrial (refrigerant, coal thawing, etc.)
Oil and gas drilling fluids
Concrete
Tire ballast
Miscellaneous

Calcium chloride is an odorless, white, crystalline solid compound that is highly soluble in water.
A type of salt, this chemical is hygroscopic, which means it can attract and absorb water molecules from its surroundings.
Calcium chloride has a variety of applications and can lead to potential health risks if handled improperly.
These are some important tips for handling and storing calcium chloride safely.

Common Uses of Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride is used in a wide range of industries.
Namely, this material is used to make road de-icing agents and brine. Other common applications include:

Dust control
Desiccation
Salt-based dehumidifiers
Calcifying aquarium water
Increasing water hardness in swimming pools
Food additive

Calcium Chloride is a mineral indicated in the immediate treatment of hypocalcemic tetany (abnormally low levels of calcium in the body that cause muscle spasm).
Calcium chloride injection is also used in cardiac resuscitation, arrhythmias, hypermagnesemia, calcium channel blocker overdose, and beta-blocker overdose.
Calcium Chloride is available under the following different brand or other names: CaCl and CaCl2.

General description
Calcium chloride hexahydrate is a non-toxic salt hydrate that can be used in phase change heat storage of low temperature heat.
Calcium chloride has a latent heat of fusion as high as 170-190 kJ/Kg and a melting temperature of 29-30°C.

Application
Calcium chloride hexahydrate is a phase changing material (PCM) that is widely used in solar energy storage and building applications.

Calcium chloride is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine.
Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent.
Calcium chloride is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement.
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process.
Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.

Formula: CaCl2
Molecular mass: 111.0
Boiling point: 1670°C
Melting point: 772°C
Density (at 25°C): 2.2 g/cm³
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 74.5 (good)

The greatest amount is consumed in preventing ice formation and in de-icing.
Calcium chloride is also widely used in the food industry and finds use as a firming agent in canned vegetables, in cheese making and as an electrolyte in energy drinks.

INDUSTRIES
-Pharma
-Lubricants
-Water Treatment
-Oil & Gas
-Cleaning
-Animal Nutrition
-Coatings & Construction
-Food and Nutrition
-Agriculture
-Cosmetics
-Polymers
-Rubber

Calcium Chloride will help with store bought milk, cold stored raw milk and goats milk produce a firmer setting curd.
A firmer curd is easier to cut and produces a larger yield.

Calcium chloride is manufactured as a soda ash co-product and Tokuyama is the sole producer in Japan.
Calcium chloride is one type of inorganic salt.
Calcium chloride generates a large amount of heat in reaction to water and significantly lowers the freezing point of water, making it effective as a strong and immediate-acting antifreeze as well as a snow and ice melting agent.
Calcium Chloride is also used as a food and beverage additive, mainly for controlling the hardness of beer and soft drinks, and in bittern for tofu production.

General applications
Antifreeze/snow-melting agent for roads
Dustproof for grounds and unpaved roads
Dehumidifying agent
Brine
Wastewater treatment(fluorine removal, neutralization)
Food additives

Definition and Usage Areas:
Calcium sector production and production, an increased aquo in water (lH 2 O) 6 ] 2+ .
In these tracts, these solutions are sources of "free" calcium and salikan irrigations.
This explanation helps with these solvents reacting with phosphate sources to give calcium phosphate a precipitate:
3 CaC 2 + 2 PO 3-
4 Ca → 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 6 Cl -
The calcite level shows a very high enthalpy display with a high temperature rise from anhydrous in water.
Molten soluble, calcium metal and chlorine gas can be removed.
CaC 2 , Ca + Cl → 2

Usage areas
As a powder coating in constructions, as it is hygroscopic.
As plastic material material
As material in fire dusts
Melting ice on roads (does not equip like regular salt)
Concrete/Cement:
Calcium Chloride dries the concrete quickly, especially in cold weather, and provides durability and strength to the concrete.

In treatment: In reducing high fluorine in drinking water.
Also, in the treatment of wastewater from industrial facilities such as oil refineries, aluminum factories.

Oil Exploration/Drilling:
Calcium Chloride is used extensively.
in sports
In canned food (in meals)
In some chocolates
In milk, cheese (as a calcium supplement)
In brewing (as enzyme)
In ice cream: As a freezer
In Animal Feed: Fever in dairy cattle, reducing milk and preventing disease
Giving plants math
On a low budget
Harvest calendar to give importance to the shelf of fruits and vegetables

What Is Calcium chloride?
Calcium chloride is a naturally occurring salt derived from limestone.
Calcium chloride is a white solid and can also be produced synthetically.
Calcium chloride is solid at room temperature and dissolves in water.

What Does Calcium chloride Do in Our products?
Calcium chloride is often used as a nutrient supplement, stabilizer, thickener, and texturizer in food; Calcium chloride is frequently found in baked goods, dairy products, beverages, juices, coffee, tea, condiments, jellies, meat products, and other products.
For this reason, Calcium chloride is a drying agent.
Calcium chloride is present in dozens of personal care products, including bath oils, deodorant, sunscreen, conditioner, and makeup.

Calcium chloride occurs naturally in limestone; its production is primarily a reaction of limestone with hydrochloric acid.
Calcium chloride is often commercially produced as a byproduct in the ammonia-soda process (called the Solvay process).
Calcium chloride can also be made by substitution reactions with other calcium and chloride salts, and in the United States Calcium chloride can be made by concentrating and purifying brines from salt lakes and salt deposits.

Uses
Calcium chloride has a variety of applications:
Because Calcium chloride is strongly hygroscopic, air or other gases may be channeled through a column of calcium chloride to remove moisture.
In particular, calcium chloride is usually used to pack drying tubes to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to escape.
Calcium chloride can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water.

In this capacity, Calcium chloride is known as a drying agent or desiccant.
Calcium chloride is converted to a brine as Calcium chloride absorbs the water or water vapor from the substance to be dried:
CaCl2 + 2 H2O → CaCl2·2H2O
The dissolving process is highly exothermic and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60° C (140° F).
This can result in burns if humans or other animals eat dry calcium chloride pellets.
Small children are more susceptible to burns than adults, and calcium chloride pellets should be kept out of their reach.
Aided by the intense heat evolved during Calcium chlorides dissolution, calcium chloride is also used as an ice-melting compound.
Unlike the more-common sodium chloride (rock salt or halite), Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil.

Calcium chloride is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride.
When distributed for this use, Calcium chloride usually takes the form of small white balls a few millimetres in diameter, called prills (see picture at top of page).
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to help speed up the initial setting.
However chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel rebars, so Calcium chloride should not be used in reinforced concrete.
Calcium chloride is used for dust control on some highways, as its hygroscopic nature keeps a liquid layer on the surface of the roadway, which holds dust down.
Calcium chloride tastes extremely salty and is used an ingredient in some foods, especially pickles, to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's sodium content.
Calcium chloride's also used as an ingredient in canned vegetables to maintain firmness.

Used as an additive in plastics.
Used as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment.
Aqueous Calcium Chloride is used in genetic transformation of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability.
This allows DNA fragments to enter the cell more readily.

Tire ballast
Additive in fire extinguishers
Additive to control scaffolding in blast furnaces
Calcium chloride can be used to make ersatz caviar from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is used in Smartwater and some sports drinks as an Electrolyte

About this substance
Helpful information
Calcium chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Calcium chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, anti-freeze products, fertilisers, plant protection products, adsorbents, water treatment chemicals and heat transfer fluids. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Article service life
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Calcium chloride can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, adsorbents, anti-freeze products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Calcium chloride is used in the following areas: health services, agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Calcium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Formulation or re-packing
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, polymers, fertilisers, inks and toners and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, adsorbents, anti-freeze products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Calcium chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Calcium chloride is used in the following areas: mining and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Calcium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, food products, pulp, paper and paper products, metals, plastic products, rubber products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is an inorganic compound, marketed as 36% solution, 75-78% flakes or 94-97% granules, used for roads de-icing, dust control, brine refrigeration, dehumidification, setting time reduction in concrete, petroleum oil extraction and food processing.
Calcium chloride production process basically consists of limestone reaction with hydrochloric acid.
Calcium chloride can be also produced as by-product from Solvay process for soda ash and, only in the U.S., by the concentration and purification of naturally occurring brines from salt lakes and salt deposits.
Consito developed know-how and technologies for Calcium Chloride production units as 36% solution, 75-78% flakes or 94-97% granules, basing on reaction between limestone and hydrochloric acid.

Calcium chloride dihydrate is a moisture resistant, cheap and commonly available calcium salt.
Calcium chloride is efficacy as a chiral catalyst for various asymmetric organic reactions has been evaluated.
Calcium chloride dihydrate has been used as a calcium supplement for the DMEM (Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium) for use in cell culture studies and to prepare the synthetic brine solution.
Calcium chloride may be used in the preparation of calcium-alginate beads and can be used in combination with sodium borohydride for the asymmetric reduction of 1-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino]ethanone to form (1R)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino]ethanol.
Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is one of the most versatile chemicals with endless applications.
Nedmag produces high quality calcium chloride suitable for technical, feed and food applications.

Applications of calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is used in many applications.
Calcium chloride food grade is used as food ingredient in the food industry (a.o. cheese production).
While other grades are used in the oil and gas industry, in fertilisers or animal feed and in road maintenance.

Calcium chloride is used heavily in baking for many reasons, including salt replacement.
Calcium chloride is solid at room temperature but highly soluble in water.
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.

Uses
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has many uses.
Calcium chloride is used as a drying agent and to melt ice and snow on highways, to control dust, to thaw building materials (sand, gravel, concrete, and so on).
Calcium chloride is also used in various food and pharmaceutical industries and as a fungicide.

Chemical Properties
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.

Chemical Properties
Calcium chloride occurs as a white or colorless crystalline powder, granules, or crystalline mass, and is hygroscopic (deliquescent).

Physical properties
White crystal, powder or flake; highly hygroscopic; the compound and its solutions absorb moisture from the air at various rates depending on calcium chloride concentrations, relative humidity and vapor pressure of water in the air, temperature, surface area of exposed material, and the rate of air circulation; at 40% and 95% relative humidity and 25°C, one gram anhydrous calcium chloride may absorb about 1.4 g and 17 g water, respectively. (Shearer, W. L. 1978 . In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., vol. 4, pp. 432-6. New York: Wiley Interscience); density 2.15, 2.24, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.71 g/cm3 for the anhydrous salt and its mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates, respectively; anhydrous salts melts at 772°C, while the mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates decompose at 260°, 175°, 45.5° and 30°C, respectively; the anhydrous salt vaporizes at 1,935°C; highly soluble in water, moderate to high solubility in alcohol.

Occurrence
Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl2?2MgCl2?12H2O.
Calcium chloride also is found in other minerals.
Calcium chloride is concentration in sea water is about 0.15%.
Calcium chloride has several industrial applications.
The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires.
Calcium chloride is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures. Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C.
Calcium chloride also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids.
Calcium chloride is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete.
Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle.
Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics.

Uses
Calcium chloride is one of the most versatile of the basic chemicals.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in concrete.
The anhydrous salt is also widely used as a desiccant, where it will absorb so much water that it will eventually dissolve in its own crystal lattice water (water of hydration).
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the “Solvay Process” (which is a process to produce soda ash from brine).

Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an additive in swimming pool water as it increases the “calcium hardness” value for the water.Other industrial applications include use as an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in blast furnaces, and as a thinner in “fabric softeners”.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an “electrolyte” and has an extremely salty taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as Nestle bottled water.
Calcium chloride can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in pickles to give a salty taste while not increasing the food’s sodium content.
Calcium chloride is even found in snack foods, including Cadbury chocolate bars.
In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water.
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and it can also affect yeast function during fermentation.
Calcium chloride can be injected as intravenous therapy for the treatment of “hypocalcemia” (low serum calcium).
Calcium chloride can be used for insect bites or stings (such as Black Widow spider bites), sensitivity reactions, particularly when characterized by “urticaria” (hives).

Uses
Calcium Chloride is a general purpose food additive, the anhydrous form being readily soluble in water with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 0°c.
Calcium chloride dissolves with the liberation of heat.
Calcium chloride also exists as calcium chloride dihydrate, being very soluble in water with a solubility of 97 g in 100 ml at 0°c.
Calcium chloride is used as a firming agent for canned tomatoes, potatoes, and apple slices. in evaporated milk, it is used at levels not more than 0.1% to adjust the salt balance so as to prevent coagulation of milk during sterilization.
Calcium chloride is used with disodium edta to protect the flavor in pickles and as a source of calcium ions for reaction with alginates to form gels.
Obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of potassium chlorate.

The white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, are deliquesc

CALCIUM GLYCINATE, N° CAS : 35947-07-0, Nom INCI : CALCIUM GLYCINATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 252-809-5, Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Calcium LABSA CLASSIFICATION Anionic Surfactant DESCRIPTION OF Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is the largest-volume synthetic surfactant because of its relatively low cost, good performance, the fact that it can be dried to a stable powder and the biodegradable environmental friendliness as it has straight chain. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group. Alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS) alkyl sulfates (AS) are also examples of commercial anionic surfactants. They are nonvolatile compounds produced by sulfonation. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) are complex mixtures of homologues of different alkyl chain lengths (C10 to C13 or C14) and phenyl positional isomers of 2 to 5-phenyl in proportions dictated by the starting materials and reaction conditions, each containing an aromatic ring sulfonated at the para position and attached to a linear alkyl chain at any position with the exception of terminal one (1-phenyl). The properties of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) differ in physical and chemical properties according to the alkyl chain length, resulting in formulations for various applications. The starting material Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) (linear alkylbenzene) is produced by the alkylation of benzene with n-paraffins in the presence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is produced by the sulfonation of LAB with oleum in batch reactors. Other sulfonation alternative reagents are sulfuric acid, diluted sulfur trioxide, chlorosulfonic acid and sulfamic acid on falling film reactors. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) are then neutralized to the desired salt (sodium, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and triethanolamine salts). Surfactants are widely used in the industry needed to improve contact between polar and non-polar media such as between oil and water or between water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is mainly used to produce household detergents including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and other household cleaners as well as in numerous industrial applications like as a coupling agent and as an emulsifier for agricultural herbicides and in emulsion polymerization. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Household detergents including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and other household cleaners. Industrial applications of wetting agent, emulsifier for agricultural herbicides and in polymerization. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is prepared commercially by sulfonating linear alkylbenzene (LAB). Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), the world's largest-volume synthetic surfactant, which includes the various salts of sulfonated alkylbenzenes, is widely used in household detergents as well as in numerous industrial applications. The Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) market is driven by the markets for Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), primarily household detergents. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was developed as a biodegradable replacement for nonlinear (branched) alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) and has largely replaced BAS in household detergents throughout the world. The pattern of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) consumption demonstrates the overwhelming preference by consumers for liquid laundry detergents in North America, whereas powders continue to be the dominant products in Western Europe, Japan, and China. Comparable and reliable data in other world regions are generally unavailable. In these less-developed world areas, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is essentially used only in laundry powders (particularly in India and Indonesia) and hand dishwashing liquids. The latter are often used as general-purpose cleaners. The following pie chart shows world consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA): About 82-87% of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is used in household detergents, including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids, and other household cleaners. Industrial, institutional, and commercial cleaners account for most of the other applications, but Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is also used as an emulsifier (e.g., for agricultural herbicides and in emulsion polymerization) and as a wetting agent. Very small volumes are also used in personal care applications. Demand in the North American household segment fell sharply in 2000-11, as a result of several developments, including reformulations away from Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) to alternative surfactants because of cost considerations, the greater use of enzymes, and adverse economic conditions that resulted in lower overall surfactant levels in detergents. However, consumption stabilized during 2011-17. Although consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will likely stabilize or decline slightly in the highly developed regions, it will increase by 3.0-5.0% in some less-developed regions or countries, such as the Middle East, Africa, India, and China, as well as Southeast Asia. As a result of the rapid growth of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) demand in the Asia Pacific region, demand in the region accounted for over half of global demand in 2017. The worldwide growth of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will be negatively impacted by the efforts of detergent manufacturers to reduce the active content in their surfactant formulations, by the shift to liquid detergents in some countries (which benefits competing surfactants), and by less consumer overdosing (particularly in North America with unit dose laundry products, assuming they continue to take some market share from traditional liquid detergents). However, consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will be positively affected in countries/regions such as India, China, Africa, and the Middle East, where powder detergents are still a very large part of the laundry detergent market. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate competes with several other major surfactants for use in household detergents. Some of the competitive surfactants have greater hard-water tolerance and better compatibility with enzymes and are milder than Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA). Historically, however, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) has most often been lower in cost and has had other more favorable properties compared with competing surfactants. During 2002-06, very high crude oil prices made Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) far less competitive than had been true in most years since its introduction. During 2007-11, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) prices tracked more closely those of the competitive surfactants. This led to a more stable pattern of consumption, even as prices for all surfactants continued to be very volatile. From late 2014 through 2017, low crude oil prices helped Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) become more competitive. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)/LAS production is impacted by the supply situation for competing products-mainly alcohol ether sulfates (AES). Shortages in AES supply or its high price has usually favored the use of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)/LAS. In the developing world, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) competes with soaps. Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group. Along with sodium laureth sulfate they are one of the oldest and most widely used synthetic detergents and may be found in numerous personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.) and household-care products (laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, spray cleaner etc.).[1] They were first introduced in the 1930s in the form of branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) however following environmental concerns these were replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)) during the 1960s.[2] Since then production has increased significantly from about 1 million tons in 1980, to around 3.5 million tons in 2016, making them most produced anionic surfactant after soaps. Contents 1 Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates 2 Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonates 3 Structure property relationships 4 Environmental fate 5 References Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates An example of a branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) were first introduced in the early 1930s and saw significant growth from the late 1940s onwards,[3] in early literature these synthetic detergents are often abbreviated as syndets. They were prepared by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with 'propylene tetramer' (also called tetrapropylene) followed by sulfonation. Propylene tetramer being a broad term for a mixture of compounds formed by the oligomerization of propene, its use gave a mixture of highly branched structures.[4] Compared to traditional soaps BAS offered superior tolerance to hard water and better foaming.[5] However, the highly branched tail made it difficult to biodegrade.[6] BAS was widely blamed for the formation of large expanses of stable foam in areas of wastewater discharge such as lakes, rivers and coastal areas (sea foams), as well as foaming problems encountered in sewage treatment[7] and contamination of drinking water.[8] As such BAS was phased out of most detergent products during the 1960s, being replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)). It is still important in certain agrochemical and industrial applications, where rapid biodegradability is of reduced importance. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates An example of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are prepared industrially by the sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)), which can themselves be prepared in several ways.[2] In the most common route benzene is alkylated by long chain monoalkenes (e.g. dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst.[9] The purified dodecylbenzenes (and related derivatives) are then sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to give the sulfonic acid.[10] The sulfonic acid is subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide.[1] The term "linear" refers to the starting alkenes rather than the final product, perfectly linear addition products are not seen, in-line with Markovnikov's rule. Thus, the alkylation of linear alkenes, even 1-alkenes such as 1-dodecene, gives several isomers of phenyldodecane.[11] Structure property relationships Under ideal conditions the cleaning power of BAS and Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is very similar, however Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) performs slightly better in normal use conditions, due to it being less affected by hard water.[12] Within Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) itself the detergency of the various isomers are fairly similar,[13][14] however their physical properties (Krafft point, foaming etc.) are noticeably different.[15][16] In particular the Krafft point of the high 2-phenyl product (i.e. the least branched isomer) remains below 0 °C up to 25% Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) whereas the low 2-phenyl cloud point is ∼15 °C.[17] This behavior is often exploited by producers to create either clear or cloudy products. Environmental fate Biodegradability has been well studied,[6][18][19] and is affected by isomerization, in this case, branching. The salt of the linear material has an LD50 of 2.3 mg/liter for fish, about four times more toxic than the branched compound; however the linear compound biodegrades far more quickly, making it the safer choice over time. It is biodegraded rapidly under aerobic conditions with a half-life of approximately 1-3 weeks;[18] oxidative degradation initiates at the alkyl chain.[1] Under anaerobic conditions it degrades very slowly or not at all, causing it to exist in high concentrations in sewage sludge, but this is not thought to be a cause for concern as it will rapidly degrade once returned to an oxygenated environment. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Product Information Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid is a chemical which is colorless and have viscous properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid mainly using in detergent formulations. It is one of the most important and cheapest surfactants in powder formulation and detergent fluids. It has excellent cleansing properties. Usages of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear Alkyl Benzene sulphonic acid is a batch of organic sulfur compounds that are used in most home detergents, dishwashing detergents, detergent powder, cleaning powder, washing powders, detergent cake, liquid soap, soaps etc. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), sulfonic acid compound is used as a foaming agent, cleaning agent in more formulations and toilet soaps for foaming. Sulfonic acid, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is using in detergent industries, in textile industry as a washing agent, pesticides industries to improve the quality of spray. Sulfonic acid, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is not inflammable substance and can dissolve in water, but not in organic solvent. Application of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid used in the industry to increase the contact of polar and non-polar phases, such as oil, water, or water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonate is mainly used for the manufacture of household detergents such as laundry powder, washing liquid, dishwashing liquid and other household cleaners and other industrial uses. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid uses in produce sulfonic acid. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an additive as a lubricating agent oils and have as corrosion and rust prevention. his product is a very effective intermediate surfactant. Characteristics of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid packing Basekim Chemical Production can supply Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid with drum. Each drum can take 220 kg and 80 drum can easily load in a container. It also depends on customer demands as well. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid is a chemical which is colorless and have viscous properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid mainly using in detergent formulations. It is one of the most important and cheapest surfactants in powder formulation and detergent fluids. It has excellent cleansing properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid in the formulation of anionic, non-anionic, and amphoteric surfactants, and it is extremely important for its degradability in nature. It is soluble in water and emulsifying agent. Linear Alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants due to its low cost, high efficiency and biocompatibility due to its linear chain. This anionic surfactant has hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. These are non-volatile compounds produced by the sulfonation process. These compounds consist of mixtures of carbon chains of 10 to 14 carbon lengths that are a phenyl group with a sulfonate group Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid application The properties of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid depend on the length of the alkane chains that give them different functionality. Surfactants are used in the industry to increase the contact of polar and non-polar phases, such as oil, water, or water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonate is mainly used for the manufacture of household detergents such as laundry powder, washing liquid, dishwashing liquid and other household cleaners and other industrial uses. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid uses in produce sulfonic acid. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an additive as an lubricating agent oils and have as corrosion and rust prevention. his product is a very effective intermediate surfactant. It is usually neutralized with alkali types and forms sulphonates used in different fields. This product can be used in acidic environments. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid packing can supply Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid with drum . Each drum can take 220 kg and 80 drum can easily load in a container Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid PACKING Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Specification Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) properties: Trade Name: Sulfonic Acid COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS LINEAR ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONIC ACIDS SUMMARY REPORT (1) 1. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)) are anionic surfactants. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are a mixtures of benzene sulphonic acids containing linear alkyl chains of different lengths (C9: less than 1%, C10: 8 to 16%, C11: 26 to 38%, C12: 26 to 38%, C13: 15 to 27% and longer than C13: less than 2.5%). The amount of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in the products is 2% and these products are indicated for post-dipping or teat-spraying of dairy cows. The average dose per teat is assumed to be about 1 ml of the product, which equals to 80 mg of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid per cow per milking. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are commonly used as cleaning agents (household and personal care products). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is included as surface active agent in Commission establishing an inventory and a common nomenclature of ingredients employed in cosmetic products. The occupational and environmental exposure to linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid has been assessed by WHO in 1996: The worldwide consumption of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids in 1990 was about 2 million tonnes. Linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, under the synonym sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, has been included in 1987 on the food additive list of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States of America as a surface active agent in commercial detergents used in washing fruits and vegetables or to assist in lye peeling these products. The tolerance limit has been set on equal to or less than 0.2% in wash water. 2. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of the molecule are both essential for action of surfactants in detergents. According to a published study on the in vitro germicidal activity of teat dips the linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid-containing product (1.94%) was shown to be completely effective against suspensions of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae containing bacteria/ml each following a contact time of 2 minutes. According to a published review document on in vitro studies, the 50% haemolytic concentration for linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid was 9 mg/l and the 50% inhibitory concentration for prothrombin time was 0.05 mmol/l (16.3 mg/l). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid influenced the thermal denaturation of proteins in vitro indicating protein-linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid interaction. 3. Pharmacokinetic data are presented based on published reports. In rats, 14C-labelled alkyl benzene sulphonate was administered daily in the diet at a concentration of 1.4 mg/kg feed (dose per kg bw not given) to 12 male Wistar rats (120 to 140 g) for 5 weeks. Radioactivity was mostly excreted in faeces (52%) and in urine (29%) during the 5-week feeding period. After a single intraperitoneal administration of 14C-labelled alkyl benzene sulphonate (384.7 µg/rat), 85% of the dose was excreted during the first 24 hours and 95% within 10 days follow-up period. The main elimination route was via urine (50% of radioactivity), while 35% was excreted into faeces. However, during days 2 to 10 the percentage of radioactivity excreted into faeces was higher than that excreted into urine. No parent compound could be detected in faeces or urine but radioactivity was found in polar metabolites which were not further characterised. In another study, 35S-labelled linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid was administered to male albino rats (Charles River strain, 150 to 200 g bodyweight) as a single per oral dose of 0.6, 1.2, 8 and 40 mg/rat (3 to 5 rats/group). During the 3-day follow-up period, 40 to 58% of radioactivity was excreted in urine and 39 to 56% in faeces. In faeces, the proportion of parent compound was 19% of total radioactivity. About 70% of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid was absorbed after oral administration. Two urine metabolites chemically close to methyl 4-(4'-methylsulfophenyl)- pentanoate were identified and were found to be a mixture of sulfophenyl butanoic acids and sulfophenyl pentanoic acids. Decomposition of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonate in rats was suggested to occur by ϖ-oxidation followed by catabolism through a β-oxidation mechanism. In vitro studies have not shown any penetration of 14C-labelled linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid through intact rat or human skin. In in vivo studies in rats, 0.2 ml of 3 mM 14C linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (equivalent to 250 µg) was applied on 7.5 cm2 area of skin. These studies revealed deposition of 14C-labelled linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid on the skin surface and in the upper regions of the hair follicles, however, no penetration of the substance could be detected after an exposure of 15 minutes. 4. The oral toxicity of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is not very high. LD50 values for rats and mice range from 404 to 1525 mg/kg bw and 1575 to 1950 mg/kg bw, respectively. Both species showed diarrhoea and death occurred within 24 hours. 5. Repeated dose toxicity have been carried out using linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids or their sodium salts containing alkyl chains of different lengths. Repeated dose toxicity has been documented on rats using 5 published articles, one of which was done in rats (60 females and 60 males/group) using only 1 dose level (0 and 100 mg of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (chain length varying between C10 to C14)/l drinking water for 100 weeks). No differences were seen between test and control groups. No NOEL can be established due to deficiencies in the study design. Wistar rats (about 150 g, 10 per sex and group) received the test product (dishwashing detergent containing linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid) was mixed into drinking water at corresponding to 0, 0.015, 0.075 and 0.375 ml linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid/kg bw for 6 months. In the 3rd group the dose was increased after 9 weeks to 0.563 and again after 8 weeks to 0.75 ml/kg bw for 9 weeks. No differences were seen in haematological urine examinations between control and treated animals. Males showed decreased weight gain in the 3rd dose group, but the change was reversible once the treatment was stopped. Organ weights of the third group animals (5 per sex) killed immediately after the treatment were lower than those of the controls. Only control and the 3rd treatment groups were examined histologically. The animals in 3rd treatment group had small petechial bleedings (kidney, myocardium, lungs) and mucosal necrotis spots in gastrointestinal canal. They also had massive atrophy in adrenal glands and some atrophy in thymus. It is not possible to assess if changes showed correlation with dose or not, because only highest group was studied. No NOEL can be drawn from the study due to limited data available. Albino rats (FDRL strain, 15 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed at 0, 50 and 250 mg/kg bw for 12 weeks. Growth responses and food intake, haematological and urinary examinations showed no abnormalities. Histological findings revealed no abnormalities in lower dose group compared with control. Females in higher dose group had higher liver weight to body weight ratio than controls (p<0.01). The lower dose-group of 50 mg/kg bw/day showed no treatment-related changes. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. Sprague-Dawley rat (10 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5%) for 90 days (corresponding to 8.8, 44 and 220 mg/kg bw). No statistically significant differences were seen in weight gains, food utilisation, haematological and urinary examinations. Organ to body ratios as well as macroscopic and microscopic findings were comparable in treated and control groups. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. Charles River rat (50 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5%) for 2 years (dose per kg bw is not given). No statistically significant differences were seen in weight gains and food utilisation during the first 12 weeks. Organ to body ratios did not show any statistically significant differences when control and highest dose group were compared. At 8 months, male rats in 0.02 and 0.1% group had lower liver weight to bw ratios but this was not seen at later time points and never in the highest dose group. Haematological examinations revealed no treatment related changes. No abnormal macroscopic findings were seen and microscopic findings did not differ between the groups. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. The highest dose (0.5% in feed for 2 years) did not show any treatment-related changes. A published repeated dose toxicity study has been carried out using 6 to 7 months old Beagle dogs (2 animals per sex and group). A linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid-containing product (15% linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid) was administered in doses of 0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg bw daily for 6 months by gavage (corresponding to 0, 1.5, 15, and 150 mg linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid/kg bw). Lowest dose group showed no treatment-related changes. One female dog in middle dose level group had drooling from the second week forward and one animal regurgitated part of one dose which lead to sedation and decreased appetite. In the highest dose group, 3 to 4 animals had marked salivation. No animals died. In the highest dose group feed intake was moderately reduced. Marked reduction in weight gain was only seen in the highest dose group (more pronounced in females). No changes were seen in blood and urinary tests. Eyes and hearing were normal in all groups. In highest dose group mucosal erosions were found in stomach (mainly in cardia) of one male and one female. Presence of haemosiderosis in spleen was more pronounced in highest dose group. One dog in the same group had small necroses in pancreas and 2 dogs had some iron-free pigment in kidneys. No NOEL can be established due to small number of animals and limited data available. According to a WHO report, minimal effects, including biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver, have been reported in subchronic studies in which rats were administered linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in the diet or drinking water at concentrations equivalent to doses greater than 120 mg/kg bw per day. These changes appeared to be reversible. In the absence of the original data, no firm conclusion on the data reported in the WHO report can be drawn. 6. Tolerance in dairy cows was studied using commercial teat dip containing 2% linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid. The product was used post-milking twice daily for 10 days. The product was well-tolerated. 7. Effects on reproduction have been documented using 2 published articles, one of which described a study in rats (10 females and 10 males/group) using only one dose level of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonic acid (0 and 100 mg/l drinking water). The data provided are too limited for the assessment. Charles River rat (20 males and 20 females/group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5% daily) in the 3-generation study (dose per kg bw is not given). No gross abnormalities were noted in pups. Rats of the F1 and F2 generations had similar growth patterns and organ to body weight ratios in control and test groups. No abnormalities were seen in histological examinations. In haematological studies, a statistically significant difference (level of significance not indicated) was seen in red blood cell count between control and females of highest test group. F3-weanlings were normal with respect to growth, organ to body weight ratios, macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Haematological values showed no treatment related trend or pattern in this study. The studie

Chemical formula: Ca(NO3)2
EC Number: 233-332-1
CAS Number: 10124-37-5
IUPAC name: Calcium dinitrate
Molar mass: 164.088 g

Calcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter (Norwegian salpeter), is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x.
The anhydrous compound of Calcium nitrate, which is rarely encountered, absorbs moisture from the air to give the tetrahydrate.
Both anhydrous and hydrated forms are colourless salts.

Calcium nitrate is mainly used as a component in fertilizers, but it has other applications.
Nitrocalcite is the name for a mineral which is a hydrated calcium nitrate that forms as an efflorescence where manure contacts concrete or limestone in a dry environment as in stables or caverns.
A variety of related salts are known including calcium ammonium nitrate decahydrate and calcium potassium nitrate decahydrate.

Production and reactivity of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate was synthesized at Notodden, Norway in 1905 by the Birkeland–Eyde process.
Most of the world's calcium nitrate is now made in Porsgrunn.

Calcium nitrate is produced by treating limestone with nitric acid, followed by neutralization with ammonia:
CaCO3 + 2 HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

Calcium nitrate is also an intermediate product of the Odda Process:
Ca5(PO4)3OH + 10 HNO3 → 3 H3PO4 + 5 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

Calcium nitrate can also be prepared from an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate, and calcium hydroxide:
2 NH4NO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2 NH4OH

Like related alkaline earth metal nitrates, calcium nitrate decomposes upon heating (starting at 500 °C) to release nitrogen dioxide:
2 Ca(NO3)2 → 2 CaO + 4 NO2 + O2 ΔH = 369 kJ/mol

Applications and uses of Calcium nitrate in agriculture:
The fertilizer grade (15.5-0-0 + 19% Ca) is popular in the greenhouse and hydroponics trades; it contains ammonium nitrate and water, as the "double salt" {5Ca(NO3)2.NH4NO3.10H2O}}}
This is called calcium ammonium nitrate.
Formulations lacking ammonia are also known:
Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (11.9-0-0 + 16.9 Ca) and the water-free 17-0-0 + 23.6 Ca.
A liquid formulation (9-0-0 + 11 Ca) is also offered.
An anhydrous, air-stable derivative is the urea complex Ca(NO3)2·4[OC(NH2)2], which has been sold as Cal-Urea.

Calcium nitrate is also used to control certain plant diseases.
For example, dilute calcium nitrate (and calcium chloride) sprays are used to control bitter pit and cork spot in apple trees.

Waste water treatment of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in waste water pre-conditioning for odour emission prevention.
The waste water pre-conditioning is based on establishing an anoxic biology in the waste water system.
In the presence of nitrate, the metabolism for sulfates stops, thus preventing formation of hydrogen sulfide.

Additionally easy degradable organic matter is consumed, which otherwise can cause anaerobic conditions downstream as well as odour emissions itself.
The concept is also applicable for surplus sludge treatment.

Calcium nitrate is used in set accelerating concrete admixtures.
This use of Calcium nitrate with concrete and mortar is based on two effects.
The calcium ion accelerates formation of calcium hydroxide and thus precipitation and setting.
This effect is used also in cold weather concreting agents as well as some combined plasticizers.
The nitrate ion leads to formation of iron hydroxide, whose protective layer reduces corrosion of the concrete reinforcement.

Latex coagulant of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is a very common coagulant in latex production, especially in dipping processes.
Dissolved calcium nitrate is a part of the dipping bath solution.
The warm former is dipped into the coagulation liquid and a thin film of the dipping liquid remains on the former.
When now dipping the former into the latex the calcium nitrate will break up the stabilization of the latex solution and the latex will coagulate on the former.

Cold packs of Calcium nitrate:
The dissolution of calcium nitrate is highly endothermic (cooling).
For this reason, calcium nitrate is sometimes used for regenerable cold packs.

Calcium nitrate can be used as a part of molten salt mixtures.
Typical are binary mixtures of calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate or ternary mixtures including also sodium nitrate.
Those molten salts can be used to replace thermo oil in concentrated solar power plants for the heat transfer, but mostly those are used in heat storage.

About Calcium nitrate Helpful information
Calcium nitrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Calcium nitrate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, fertilisers, cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, adhesives and sealants, pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and metal working fluids.
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Service life of Calcium nitrate:
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting).
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).

Calcium nitrate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines), electrical batteries and accumulators and vehicles.
Calcium nitrate can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids and water treatment chemicals.
Calcium nitrate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, mining, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Calcium nitrate is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Formulation or re-packing of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: fertilisers, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, heat transfer fluids, metal surface treatment products, coating products, explosives, pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, textile treatment products and dyes, cosmetics and personal care products and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses of Calcium nitrate at industrial sites:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids, anti-freeze products, textile treatment products and dyes, water treatment chemicals and laboratory chemicals.
Calcium nitrate is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Calcium nitrate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, fabricated metal products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), rubber products and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Diseases like blossom end rot are easy to control with calcium nitrate.
What does calcium nitrate do?
Calcium nitrateprovides both calcium and nitrogen.
Calcium nitrateis usually applied as a dissolved solution, allowing for quicker plant uptake but may also be applied as side or top dressing.

Ammonium nitrate is a commonly used source of nitrogen but it interferes with calcium uptake and causes calcium deficiency disorders in plants.
The solution is to apply calcium nitrate instead to any crop that has a tendency to develop calcium deficiency disorders.

Calcium nitrate is produced by applying nitric acid to limestone and then adding ammonia.
Calcium nitrate is known as a double salt, since it is comprised of two nutrients common in fertilizers which are high in sodium.
The processed result also looks crystallized like salt.
Calcium nitrate is not organic and is an artificial fertilizer amendment.

What does calcium nitrate do?
Calcium nitrate helps with cell formation but it also neutralizes acids to detoxify the plant.
The nitrogen component is also responsible for fueling protein production and essentially leafy growth.
Heat and moisture stress can cause calcium deficiencies in certain crops, like tomatoes.
This is when to use calcium nitrate.
Calcium nitrateis combined nutrients can help cell growth stabilize and fuel leafy development.

Many growers automatically side dress or top dress their calcium sensitive crops with calcium nitrate.
Calcium nitrate is best to do a soil test first, as excess calcium can also lead to problems.
The idea is to find a balance of nutrients for each particular crop.
Tomatoes, apples and peppers are examples of crops that may benefit from calcium nitrate applications.

When applied early in fruit development, the calcium stabilizes cells so they don’t collapse, causing blossom end rot.
Meanwhile, the nitrogen is fueling plant growth.
If you are an organic gardener, however, calcium nitrate fertilizer is not an option for you since it is synthetically derived.

How to Use Calcium Nitrate Calcium nitrate fertilizer can be used as a foliar spray.
This is most effective in treating and preventing blossom end rot but also cork spot and bitter pit in apples.
You can also use it to treat magnesium deficiencies when it is combined at a rate of 3 to 5 pounds magnesium sulfate in 25 gallons of water (1.36 to 2.27 kg. in 94.64 liters).

As a side dress, use 3.5 pounds of calcium nitrate per 100 feet (1.59 kg per 30.48 m).
Mix the fertilizer into the soil, being careful to keep it off of foliage.
Water the area well to allow the nutrients to start seeping into soil and get to plant roots.

For a foliar spray to correct calcium deficiency and add nitrogen, add 1 cup of calcium nitrate to 25 gallons of water (128 grams to 94.64 liters).
Spray when the sun is low and plants have been watered sufficiently.

What is a Calcium Nitrate fertilizer?
Calcium Nitrate is a white granular soluble fertilizer that has two kinds of nutrients an hat is easily absorbed by the plant. Calcium nitratecontains 15,5% nitrogen (N) and 26,5% calcium oxide (CaO). 14% of nitrogen originates from nitrate (NO3) and 15% of nitrogen originates from ammonium (NH4).

Calcium oxide that is completely soluble in water
contains 19% calcium (Ca). Soluble calcium and nitrate nitrogen provides various
advantages, which other fertilizers do not have, for the plants.

Where is Calcium nitrate used?
Calcium nitrate fertilizer contains nitrate nitrogen and calcium, which are two major essential nutritious elements needed by the plants.
Calcium nitrateis the most appropriate choice for upper fertilizing for any kind of plantation, any kind of soil and every weather condition.
As it provides calcium and nitrate together, it does not cause formation of remnants in the roots of plants.

These two symbatic acting does not cause high levels of electrolyte formation in the soil.
Nitrogen in the form of nitrate elevates absorption of soluble calcium by the roots; thereby supports the supply of calcium to the plant.
Advantages of calcium nitrate as a fertilizer can be outlined in three headlines as given below:

Calcium nitratecontains nitrogen in the form of nitrates.
Nitrogen originating from nitrates is the preferred form for plants.
Nitrate facilitates absorption of nutrients such as calcium.
Especially in soil with clay may interfere with abruption of nitrogen coming from ammonium and indirectly prevents development of plants.

On the other hand nitrate nitrogen is not bound by such types of soil.
When plants are in need of nitrogen the roots can easily take nitrogen originating from nitrates from the soil.
So nitrate nitrogen enables fast supply of nitrogen to the plants.

Essential importance of calcium as a nutrient for plants
Calcium is a macro nutrient consumed in large amounts by plants.
Calcium nitrateforms the infrastructure of cell wall in plants.

Calcium is usually found in soil in the form of compounds, which cannot be absorbed by plants. Circulation of calcium is generally low inside the plants.
Calcium nitrate found in soil may not satisfy the needs of plants.

Calcium nitrate has a low solubility.
Due to the above mentioned reasons we need to use fertilizers containing calcium.
Plants cannot grow without calcium.
Calcium is one of the most consumed nutritious elements by plantations together with nitrogen and potassium.

Benefits of calcium nitrate fertilizer for the soil:
Calcium nitrate has refreshing effects on the soil as well as being a good nutrient for plants.
Calcium nitrateenables absorption of other nutrients that are bound clay minerals in soil.
Clay particles may be pressed together in soil types, which contain too little calcium or too
much sodium or which are being watered.
As a result movement of water and oxygen is slowed down and plant growth is impaired.
Water soluble calcium helps separation of clay particles and maintains porous structure of the soil.

Other advantages of calcium nitrate given below:
-Increases productivity and quality of products.
-Increases resistance to diseases and pests.
-Increases durability when the products are transported.
-Increases lifetime for storage of fruits.
-Facilitates calcium and nitrate absorption.
-Contains no additives or fillers.
-Will not evaporate, be washed away or cause burns.
-Will not cause an alkali soil.
-Will not increase the salts in soil.

Methods of applications of Calcium nitrate:
Greenhouse type of calcium nitrate fertilizer has a high level of purity and is in uncoated granular form.
Calcium nitrateis easily soluble in water.
Calcium nitrateis applied to greenhouse and open field
plants via leaves with sprinklers and rain-like watering systems.
Especially when it is applied via sprinklers or rain-like watering systems it should be given alone, not with other fertilizers containing sulfur or phosphorus.
Calcium nitrateshould not be mixed with pesticides.

Field type calcium nitrate on the other side is produced so as to be applied by hand or equipments.
As it is coated, it takes longer time to dissolve.
Calcium nitrateis appropriate for upper fertilizing process for production in fields following plantation of the seeds.
Calcium nitrate should be kept away from humidity and air.

Calcium nitrateis used as set accelerator and quality enhancer in the production of concrete and cement chemicals.
Nitrate is a very common coagulant in latex production, especially in dipping processes.
Nitrate can be used as part of the fused salt mixtures.
Can be used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.

Calcium nitratecan be applied in irrigation systems (especially drip irrigation) with direct soil application or foliar for the treatment and treatment of calcium deficiency in agricultural crops.
Nitrate is used in wastewater to prevent odor emission.
In the presence of nitrate, metebolism is stopped for sulfates, thus formation of hydrogen sulfide is prevented.

Calcium Nitrate is a good source of both Calcium and Nitrate.
Depending on the type of application, you can choose between different grades and formulations.

Calcium Nitrate: the best Calcium and Nitrogen source
The advantage of Calcium Nitrate is the presence of Nitrogen in Nitrate form (N-NO3).
Nitrate is preferred by plants to Ammonium (N-NH4) or Urea (N-NH2).

Ammonium will reduce the pH of the substrate and can be toxic for the plant at high concentrations.
Urea is not readily available for the plant.
Calcium nitratefirst needs to be transferred to Ammonium before it can be absorbed.
Both Ammonium and Urea are more susceptible for volatilization when applied in dry circumstance.

Next to that, Nitrate is the only Nitrogen source that has a synergistic effect on Calcium and improves its uptake.
Therewith Calcium Nitrate supports the plant in the development of strong cell walls, which leads to an improved fruit quality as well as shelf-life.

Calcium nitrates provide fast-acting nitrate-N, alongside strength-building calcium.
In combination, these nutrients fuel prolonged growth.
Plants and trees treated with YaraLiva-branded fertilizers are naturally healthier and less sensitive to stress during growth.

Calcium nitrate fertilizers also improve the size, strength and appearance of the fruit, tuber, leaf or lettuce at harvest.
Crops respond more quickly to nitrate. Calcium nitrateis also more mobile in the soil and immediately available to the crop.
Finally, it reduces blossom end rot in crops like tomatoes and pepper, as well as leaf tip burn in leafy crops.

Calcium Nitrate is a highly water soluble crystalline Calcium source for uses compatible with nitrates and lower (acidic) pH.
All metallic nitrates are inorganic salts of a given metal cation and the nitrate anion.
The nitrate anion is a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of a single nitrogen atom ionically bound to three oxygen atoms (Formula: NO3) for a total formula weight of 62.05.
Nitrate compounds are generally soluble in water.
Nitrate materials are also oxidizing agents. When mixed with hydrocarbons, nitrate compounds can form a flammable mixture.

Nitrates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds and certain catalyst and nanoscale (nanoparticles and nanopowders) materials.
Calcium Nitrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.

Calcium Nitrate has many uses when it comes to oil and gas drilling.
Calcium nitrate is used in set accelerating concrete admixtures and oil well cement.
Using Calcium Nitrate with either concrete or mortar is based on two effects.

The calcium ion accelerates the formation of calcium hydroxide and thus precipitation and setting.
This effect is also used in cold weather concreting agents as well as some combined plasticizers.
Calcium Nitrate can also be used as a calcium source in invert oil emulsions.

Calcium Nitrate is an excellent source of Calcium for clear-water drilling.
Calcium Nitrate is an excellent source of Calcium for clear water drilling.
In moderate quantities, nitrates are a plant nutrient and can ultimately be consumed, actually aiding in revegetation of oil well sites.
The general “rule of thumb” is to maintain a minimum of 200-400 mg/L (1-3 kg/m3) of Calcium ion for clear water drilling.

Calcium nitrate is used in wastewater pre-conditioning for odor emission prevention.
When sourcing Calcium Nitrate from China, one has to be aware of the international transport restrictions regarding this product’s transport.
The explosion in Beirut was a result of poor storage of Ammonium Nitrate.
The solution to reducing the volatility and subsequent danger is to add ammonium to the mix.
Calcium nitrateresults in the product becoming Calcium Ammonium Nitrate.

Preparation & Procedures
Calcium Nitrate can be added to water in a separate identifiable container, and then this pre-dissolved mixture can be added through the hopper.
All users should be aware that ammonia gas will be liberated in the presence of excess hydroxide concentration.

Ammonia gas will irritate the nose, throat, and respiratory system and can cause eye injury.
Calcium nitrateis advisable to wear protective PPE, including a dust mask and eye protection while mixing powdered products.

Calcium Nitrate should be stored securely away from combustible materials and reducing agents.

Calcium nitrate includes nitrate nitrogen and calcium in a form that is optimum for uptaking by plants.
Among other useful lproperties available calcium improves durabitlity of cell wall.

Appearance: colorless solid: hygroscopic
Density: 2.504 g/cm3
Melting point: 561 °C
Solubility in water: 1212 g/L (20 °C)/ 2710 g/L (40 °C)
Solubility: soluble in ammonia almost insoluble in nitric acid
Solubility in ethanol: 51.4 g/100 g (20 °C)/ 62.9 g/100 g (40 °C)
Solubility in methanol: 134 g/100 g (10 °C)/ 144 g/100 g (40 °C)/ 158 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 16.8 g/kg (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 6.0
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -45.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Crystal structure: cubic
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 163.9382266
Monoisotopic Mass: 163.9382266
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Using calcium fertilizers also notably improves appearance of agricultural products and allows extending their shelf life.
Being alkaline physically (1 centner of the product equivalent to 0,2 centner of CaCO3), this product performs extremely well in acidic and alkali soils.

Applying this product improves crop yield by 10-15%, visibly improves consumer properties of vegetables and fruit, and stimulates growth of root system, particularly of its most active zone, i.e. root fibrilla.
Calcium nitratefacilitates formation of plant cell membranes, enhances cell walls, stimulates plant enzyme activities, metabolism and photosynthesis and accelerates transport of carbohydrate and nitrogen uptake in plants.

Crops become more resistant to environmental stress factors and to fungus and bacterial diseases, caused by shortage of calcium, such as blossom end rot of tomato and peppers, internal brown spot in potatoes or apple brown spot.
The product also improves storage properties of vegetables and fruit.

Calcium nitrate produces quick effect even in unfavorable climatic conditions, such as low temperature, excessive moisture, drought or low pH.
Availability of nitrate nitrogen facilitates absorption of calcium, magnesium and potassium ions and other cathions.
This is a proper agricultural solution for problematic acidic soils.

In 2.0 – 3.0 % concentration calcium nitrate is applied as a foliar fertilizer, mostly to eliminate symptoms of calcium deficiency in plants.
This fertilizer is most effective in regions with hot arid climate and high insolation.

Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer provides a fast-acting nitrogen source plus calcium for improved fruit and vegetable quality.
This fertilizer contains ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen, which results in quick uptake and fast growth responses.
Nitrate nitrogen also improves the uptake of potassium, calcium and magnesium by the plant.

Calcium has many important benefits for plants.
Calcium nitrateimproves cell wall strength, which leads to higher-quality fruits with a longer shelf-life.
Additionally, improved cell wall strength increases the plants ability to handle pest and disease pressure.
Calcium also increases heat-tolerance and helps to reduce the amount of heat stress experienced by plants in warmer climates.

Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer works great on tomatoes and peppers to reduce blossom end rot.
Calcium nitratealso helps to prevent tip burn in lettuce and rust spot in potatoes, both of which result from calcium deficiencies.
Adequate calcium levels help to reduce stem rot in broccoli plants, allowing for larger heads.
Calcium Nitrate is also a great product for growing brussels sprouts to ensure uniform sprouts along the stalk.

Our Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer is a water-soluble formulation that can be used with our EZ-FLO Injector in conjunction with a drip irrigation system.
Calcium nitratecan also be applied as a foliar spray, or by dissolving in a watering can and applying to the soil at the plant roots.
Calcium Nitrate may be applied in the granular state as well.
Side dress by applying fertilizer at least 2 inches away from the plant stem.
Cover fertilizer with soil for best results.

Synonyms:
10124-37-5
Calcium dinitrate
Lime nitrate
Nitric acid, calcium salt
Norwegian saltpeter
Lime saltpeter
Norge saltpeter
Calcium saltpeter
calcium;dinitrate
Calcium(II) nitrate (1:2)
UNII-NF52F38N1N
NF52F38N1N
Nitrocalcite
CHEBI:64205
Saltpeter
Synfat 1006
HSDB 967
EINECS 233-332-1
UN1454
calcium nitrate salt
Calcium Nitrate ACS
anhydrous calcium nitrate
CaN2O6
EC 233-332-1
DSSTox_CID_19719
DSSTox_RID_79435
Ca(NO3)2
DSSTox_GSID_39719
CHEMBL3183960
DTXSID1039719
BCP25810
Tox21_300814
MFCD00010899
AKOS015913857
Calcium nitrate, containing in the anhydrous state more than 16 per cent by weight of nitrogen
Calcium nitrate [UN1454] [Oxidizer]
NCGC00248379-01
NCGC00254718-01
S279
CAS-10124-37-5
Q407392
10124-37-5(anhydrous)13477-34-4(tetrahydrate)
Calcium standard for AAS, analytical standard, ready-to-use, traceable to BAM, in nitric acid

CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7790-76-3, Nom INCI : CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Dicalcium pyrophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-221-5 Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance., Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

CAS Number: 4075-81-4
EC Number: 223-795-8
IUPAC name: Calcium dipropanoate
Chemical formula: C6H10CaO4
Molar mass: 186.2192 g

Calcium propionate or calcium propanoate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.

Uses
As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.
Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% (though animal feed may contain up to 1%).
Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.

A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem, but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.
Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.

Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA can directly enter neither beta oxidation nor the citric acid cycles.

In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.

Children were challenged with calcium propionate or placebo through daily bread in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial.
Although there was no significant difference by two measures, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).

When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, it produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.

Calcium propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

In a 1973 study reported by the EPA, the waterborne administration of 180 ppm of calcium propionate was found to be slightly toxic to bluegill sunfish.

In a recent well-designed translational study, human subjects fed 500 mg of calcium propionate twice daily demonstrated a modest decrease in LDL and total cholesterol, without a change in HDL.
The study, only eight weeks in length, requires additional studies of both verification and longer duration to demonstrate the clinical value of this chemical.

The study identified a novel regulatory circuit that links the gut microbiota metabolite propionic acid (PA), a short-chain fatty acid, with the gut immune system to control intestinal cholesterol homeostasis.

Appearance: White crystalline solid
Solubility in water: 49 g/100 mL (0 °C) - 55.8 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol - insoluble in acetone, benzene
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 186.0204996
Monoisotopic Mass: 186.0204996
Topological Polar Surface Area: 80.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 34.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

About Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.

Calcium propionateis used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products and inks and toners.
Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Article service life of Calcium propionate
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.

Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Calcium propionatecan be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses of Calcium propionate by professional workers
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, fertilisers and non-metal-surface treatment products.

Calcium propionateis used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Calcium propionateis used for the manufacture of: plastic products.

Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation or re-packing of Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, fertilisers and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses Calcium propionate at industrial sites
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners and non-metal-surface treatment products.
Calcium propionateis used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction.

Calcium propionateis used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.

Calcium propionate is a naturally occurring organic salt formed by a reaction between calcium hydroxide and propionic acid.

Calcium propionate is commonly used as a food additive — known as E282 — to help preserve various food products, including:

Baked goods: breads, pastries, muffins, etc.
Dairy products: cheeses, powdered milk, whey, yogurt, etc.
Beverages: soft drinks, fruit drinks, etc.
Alcoholic drinks: beers, malt beverages, wine, cider, etc.
Processed meats: hot dogs, ham, lunch meats, etc.

Calcium propionate extends the shelf life of various goods by interfering with the growth and
reproduction of molds and other microorganisms.

Mold and bacterial growth are a costly issue in the baking industry, as baking provides conditions that are close to ideal for mold growth.

Calcium propionate has been approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), World Health Organization (WHO), and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

HISTORY
As early as 1906, calcium propionate was discovered to be effective against ropy bacteria in bread.
Both propionic acid and its calcium salt derivative have been well established as antimicrobials.
Since the 1930s, propionates have been used to preserve bread in the U.S.

PRODUCTION
Calcium propionate serves to mitigate a costly issue in the baking industry: mold and bacterial growth.
As a food additive, Calcium propionate is used to extend the shelf life of various goods in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

APPLICATIONS
In bakery products, calcium propionate can be used:

for mold control, especially for yeast-leavened product
for consistent protection against mold, with minimal organoleptic impact

Calcium propionate or calcium propanoate, the calcium salt of propionic acid, is a common bread and meat preservative which functions by inhibiting the growth of mold & other bacterial and therefore prolong food shelf life.
Calcium propionate also provides nutritional value as a source of calcium.
The European food additive number for it is E282.

Calcium propionate is a new type of food preservative developed in recent decades with its considered safety over sodium benzoate (E211), and price lower than potassium sorbate (E202).
Calcium propionate is made from the reaction of propionic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.

Calcium propionate (C6H10CaO4, CAS Reg. No. 4075-81-4) is the calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium propionate occurs as white crystals or a crystalline solid, possessing not more than a faint odor of propionic acid.
Calcium propionate is prepared by neutralizing propionic acid with calcium hydroxide.

Description
Calcium propionate, also known as calcium salt and propanoic acid is a white powder that has a faint smell. The compound is stable at room temperature. Calcium propionate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Calcium propionate has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9.

Calcium propionate is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.
Calcium Propionate as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent.

Calcium propionate appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone.
Calcium propionate is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120 °C.

Calcium propionate changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340 °C.
Under acidic conditions, it generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast.

Calcium Propionate is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals.
Calcium Propionate has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries.

As a feed additive ,it can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed.
If combined with other inorganic complexes, it can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).

Food preservative
Calcium Propionate is an acid-type food preservative, with its inhibitory effected by the environmental pH.
When PH5.0 minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.01%, PH6.5 is 0.5%.
In the acidic medium ,it has a strong inhibitory effect on the various types of fungi, aerobic bacillus or gram-negative bacilli.

Calcium Propionate has a specific effect on preventing the production of Aflatoxin streptozotocin, but has little effect on the yeast.
In the food industry, it is mainly used in vinegar, soy sauce, bread, cakes and soy products,whose maximum usage (use propionic acid to count, the same below)is 2.5g/kg; while the largest usage in the wet dough products is 0.25g/kg.
Also ,it can be used for feed antifungal agent.
Calcium propionate is used for breads, pastries and cheese preservatives and feed fungicide.

Calcium Propionate as a food preservative, calcium propionate is mainly used for bread, because sodium propionate keeps pH of bread rising, delays the fermentation of the dough; sodium propionate is more widely used for cake, because the pastry gets bulky by using leavening agent, there is no problem about yeast development caused by tincrease in the pH.
As a feed preservative, sodium propionate is better than calcium propionate.

But Calcium Propionate is more stable than sodium propionate.
In food industry , except uses for bread, pastries, cheese, Calcium Propionate can also be used for preventing soy sauce from getting moldy which inhibits the refermentation.

In medicine, Calcium Propionate can be made into powders, solutions and ointments to treat skin disease caused by parasitic fungi.
Ointment (liquid) contains 12.3% sodium propionate, while a powder contains15% Calcium Propionate.

Preparation
Calcium propionate is produced by reacting calcium hydroxide with propionic acid.

Mechanism of Action
Calcium propionate suppresses mold and bacteria growth on bread and cakes, but does not inhibit yeast. However, its addition to bread does not interfere with the fermentation of yeast.

Calcium ion affects the chemical leaving action, therefore is not usually utilized in cake.
Since it can enrich bread and rolls, it is normally used in their production.

Uses of Calcium propionate
As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium propanoate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1- 0.4 % (though animal feed may contain up to 1 % ).
When propanoic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, it produces reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration ) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a model of human autism in rats.

According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, calcium propionate is slightly toxic.
This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic.
Calcium propanoate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

Calcium Propionate is the salt of propionic acid which functions as a preservative. it is effective against mold, has limited activity against bacteria, and no activity against yeast.
Calcium propionate is soluble in water with a solubility of 49 g/100 ml of water at 0°c and insoluble in alcohol. it is less soluble than sodium propionate.

Calcium propionate is optimum effectiveness is up to ph 5.0 and it has reduced action above ph 6.0. it is used in bakery products, breads, and pizza crust to protect against mold and “rope.” it is also used in cold-pack cheese food and pie fillings. typical usage level is 0.2–0.3% and 0.1–0.4% based on flour weight.

Uses in Food
During dough preparation, calcium propionate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.
Calcium propionate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold. Calcium propionate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.
Calcium propionate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to calcium propionate is sodium propionate.

Uses in Beverage
Calcium propionate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.

Uses in Pharmaceuticals
Calcium propionate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.it is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections. Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using calcium propionate to inhibit mold growth on the product.

Uses in Agriculture
Calcium propionate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
The compound can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
Calcium propionate is also used as a pesticide.

Uses in Cosmetics
Calcium propionate E282 inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage. The material is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.

Industrial Uses
Calcium propionate is used in paint and coating additives. Calcium propionate is also used as plating and surface treating agents.

Uses in Photography
Calcium propionate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies.

Synonyms:
4075-81-4
Calcium dipropionate
Calcium propanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt
Mycoban
calcium;propanoate
UNII-8AI80040KW
Propanoate (calcium)
propionic acid calcium
Propionic acid calcium salt
Calcium propionate [NF]
8AI80040KW
calcium dipropanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
Bioban-C
Calcium propionate;Bioban-C; Calcium dipropionate
Caswell No. 151
CHEBI:81716
Propionic acid, calcium salt
HSDB 907
EINECS 223-795-8
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077701
Calcium propinate
Calcium Propionate, FCC
DSSTox_CID_7556
EC 223-795-8
C6H10CaO4
DSSTox_RID_78503
DSSTox_GSID_27556
SCHEMBL52363
CHEMBL3186661
DTXSID1027556
AMY37013
Tox21_202432
AKOS015903218
NCGC00259981-01
M140
CAS-4075-81-4
FT-0623409
P0503
Q417394
Propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water

CALCIUM SULFATE HYDRATE, N° CAS : 13397-24-5, Nom INCI : CALCIUM SULFATE HYDRATE, Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance. Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure. Astringent : Permet de resserrer les pores de la peau. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent éclaircissant : Eclaircit les nuances des cheveux et du teint Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Acetic acid, mercapto-, calcium salt (2:1); Calcium bis(mercaptoacetate); calcium bis(2-sulfanylacetate); Calcium Thioglycolate Trihydrate; calcium;2-sulfanylacetateCALCIUM THIOGLYCOLATE, N° CAS : 814-71-1, Nom INCI : CALCIUM THIOGLYCOLATE, Nom chimique : Calcium bis(mercaptoacetate), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-402-5. Dépilatoire : Enlève les poils indésirables, Kératolytique : Décolle et élimine les cellules mortes de la couche cornée de l'apiderme, Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène

CALCIUM ASCORBATE Calcium ascorbate dihydrate Calcium ascorbate (USP) Calcium L-ascorbate dihydrate L-(+)-Ascorbic acid calcium salt dihydrate Calcium ascorbate [USAN] cas no : 5743-27-1

calcium carbonate; carbonic acid, calcium salt (1:1) ; calcium carbonate light ;calcium carbonate USP heavy ; calcium milk; calcium trioxidocarbonate; calciumcarbonate cas no:471-34-1

Calcosan; Calcium Dichloride; complexometric; calplus; Caltac; Dowflake; Liquidow; Peladow; Snomelt; Superflake Anhydrous; Cloruro de calcio (Spanish); Chlorure de calcium cas no :10043-52-4

Calcium chloride dihydrate ; calcium dichloride ;calcium chloride hydrate (1:2:2) ;calcium dichloride dihydrate cas no: 10035-04-8

calcium chloride hexahydrate; calcium chloride hydrate (1:2:6); calciumchloridehexahydrate; dichlorocalcium hexahydrate cas no:7774-34-7

Carboxymethylcellulose Calcium; CALCIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; calcium carboxymethyl cellulose; cellulose carboxymethyl ether calcium salt cas no:9050-04-8

Cyanamide calcium salt, Lime Nitrogen, UN 1403, Nitrolime cas no: 156-62-7

Calcium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate; Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, calcium salt; Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt; Calcium N-dodecylbenzenesulfonate; Calcium alkylaromatic sulfonate; Calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate; Calcium bis(dodecylbenzenesulfonate); cas no: 26264-06-2

Calcium D-(+)-pantothenate; Calcium salt of Pantothenic acid; Pantholin; Vitamin B-5; N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine Calcium; cas no:137-08-6

Formic acid calcium salt; Calcium diformate; Calcoform; Calciumdiformiat (German); Diformiato de calcio (Spanish); Diformiate de calcium (French); Mravencan vapenaty (Czech) CAS NO:544-17-2

D-gluconic acid, Calcium salt; D-Gluconic acid, monoscalcium salt; Calciofon; D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1); Glucobiogen; Neocalglucon; Gluconato de calcio; Gluconate de calcium CAS NO:299-28-5 (Anhydrous) 18016-24-5 (Hydrate)

calcium hydrogenphosphate; Dicalcium phosphate; Calcium phosphate dibasic; Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (1:1); Dibasic calcium phosphate; Monocalcium acid phosphate; Calcium acid phosphate; Calcium hydrogen orthophosphate cas no: 7757-93-9

alcium Dihydroxide; Calcium hydrate; Hydrated lime; Lime water; Kemikal; Slaked lime; Caustic lime; Lime hydrate; E526 CAS NO:1305-62-0

Calcium Dihydroxide; Calcium hydrate; Hydrated lime; Lime water; Kemikal; Slaked lime; Caustic lime; Lime hydrate; cas no:1305-62-0

SYNONYMS Calcium hypochloride; Hypochlorous acid calcium salt; Losantin; Hy-Chlor; Chlorinated lime; Lime chloride; Chloride of lime; Calcium oxychloride; Calciumhypochlorit (German); Hipoclorito de calcio (Spanish); Hypochlorite de calcium (French); Bleaching powder; Calcium chlorohydrochlorite; Calcium chlorohypochloride; Calcium hypochloride; Calcium hypochlorite; Calcium oxychloride; CAS NO. 7778-54-3

Lactic Acid Calcium Salt Pentahydrate; calcium lactate 5-hydrate; calcium lactate; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid; calcium salt pentahydrate CAS NO:5743-47-5

Calcium lignosulfonate; Lignosulfonic acid, calcium salt; Lignin calcium sulfonate; Calcium Lignin Sulfonate cas no: 8061-52-7

Nitric acid, calcium salt, tetrahydrate; Calcium(II) nitrate, tetrahydrate (1:2:4); Calcium dinitrate tetrahydrate; Dusicnan vapenaty; cas no :13477-34-4

Calcium Nitrite; calcium dinitrite; Nitrous acid, calcium salt; Nitrous acid, calcium salt (2:1); CAS NO: 13780-06-8