METHYL DIISOPROPYL PROPIONAMIDE. N° CAS : 51115-67-4. Nom INCI : METHYL DIISOPROPYL PROPIONAMIDE. Nom chimique : Butanamide, N,2,3-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 256-974-4. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

SYNONYMS Hydroacrylic acid; Carboxyethane; Methylacetic acid; C-3 Acid; Metacetonic acid; Pseudoacetic acid; Ethylformic Acid; Ethanecarboxylic Acid; Acide Propionique; Kyselina Propionova; Propanyl acid; CAS NO. 79-09-4, 784139-72-6

cas no 105-37-3 Propionic acid, Ethyl ester; Ethyl n-propionate; Propionic ether, Propionic ester; Propionate d'ethyle; Ethylester kyseliny propionove; Ethyl ester of propanoic acid; ETHYL PROPIONATE;

SYNONYMS 3,4,5-trihidroxibenzoato de propilo;3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate de propyle;3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester;BENZOATE, 3,4,5-TRIHYDROXY-, PROPYL;Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester;E 310;GALLATE, N-PROPYL;Gallic acid n-propyl ester;Gallic acid, propyl ester;GALLUSSAEURE-PROPYLESTER CAS NO:121-79-9

Su fazı koruyucusudur. Kozmetikte o/w ve w/o emülsiyonlarında, ilaç ve gıda sanayinde kullanılır. Ila, Gıda, Kozmetik (%0.1-0.4)

Su fazı koruyucusudur. Kozmetikte o/w ve w/o emülsiyonlarında, ilaç ve gıda sanayinde kullanılır. Ila, Gıda, Kozmetik (%0.1-0.4)

Propanal; Methylacetaldehyde; Propaldehyde; n-Propanal; Propanalaldehyde; Propional; Propionic aldehyde; Propyl aldehyde; Propylic aldehyde; Aldehyde Propionique (French); Propionaldehyde; CAS NO: 123-38-6

SYNONYMS Acide propionique;acido propionico;Adofeed;Antischim B;Carboxyethane;E 280;Ethanecarboxylic acid;Ethylformic acid;Luprosil;Metacetonic acid;Methylacetic acid;MonoProp;Propanoic acid;Propcorn;propionic acid CAS NO:79-09-4

SYNONYMS Acide propionique;acido propionico;Adofeed;Antischim B;Carboxyethane;E 280;Ethanecarboxylic acid;Ethylformic acid;Luprosil;Metacetonic acid;Methylacetic acid;MonoProp;Propanoic acid;Propcorn;propionic acid CAS NO:79-09-4

Isopropyl Alcohol; Dimethylcarbinol; sec-Propyl alcohol; Rubbing alcohol; Petrohol; 1-Methylethanol; 1-Methylethyl alcohol; 2-Hydroxypropane; 2-Propyl alcohol; Isopropyl alcohol; Propan-2-ol; IPA; 2-Propanol; Alcool Isopropilico (Italian); Alcool Isopropylique (French); I-Propanol (German); I-Propylalkohol (German); Iso-Propylalkohol (German) cas no: 67-63-0

PROPYL ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 71-23-8, Nom INCI : PROPYL ALCOHOL. Nom chimique : Propan-1-ol. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-746-9. Classification : Alcool. Ses fonctions (INCI)Anti-moussant : Supprime la mousse lors de la fabrication / réduit la formation de mousse dans des produits finis liquides. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Noms français : 1-HYDROXYPROPANE ; 1-PROPANOL; 1-PROPYL ALCOHOL; Alcool propylique; Alcool propylique normal; N-PROPANOL; PROPANOL; PROPANOL-1; PROPYL ALCOHOL (NORMAL-). Noms anglais : ETHYL CARBINOL; n-Propanol (n-Propyl alcohol); n-Propyl alcohol; NORMAL PROPYL ALCOHOL; Propyl alcohol, PROPYLIC ALCOHOL. Utilisation : L'alcool propylique normal est utilisé dans une grande gamme d'applications industrielles, notamment: comme solvant pour les résines, les cires et les huiles végétales dans certains cosmétiques, lotions dentaires et produits pharmaceutiques; comme antiseptique; dans la synthèse organique; 1-Propanol; n-PROPANOL (PROPYL ALCOHOL, NORMAL); propan-1-ol; n-propanol. : 1-propanolo; 2propan-1-ol; N-propyl alcohol; n-Propyl alcohol, 1-Propanol; propan- 1-olo; Propan-1-ol (n-Propanol); propan-1-oln-propanol; PROPYL ALCOHOL; Tyzor NPZ. Translated names: 1-пропанол (bg); alkohol propylowy (pl) ; n-propanol (cs); n-propanoli (fi); n-propanolis (lt); n-propanolo (it); n-propanols (lv); n-propanool (et); n-προπανόλη (el); n-пропанол (bg); Propaan-1-ol (nl); Propaan-1-ool (et); propan-1-ol (cs); Propan-1-oli (fi); Propan-1-olis (lt); Propan-1-olo (it); Propane-1-ol (fr);propanol (sk); Propán-1-ol (hu); Propān-1-ols (lv); Προπαν-1-όλη (el); Пропан-1-ол (bg). : 1-propanolo; 2propan-1-ol; N-propyl alcohol; n-Propyl alcohol, 1-Propanol; propan- 1-olo; Propan-1-ol (n-Propanol); propan-1-oln-propanol; PROPYL ALCOHOL; Tyzor NPZ. Trade names: 1-Hydroxypropan; 1-Hydroxypropane; 1-Propanol (9CI); Ethylcarbinol; Propanol-1; Propyl alcohol (8CI); Propylalkohol; Propylol; 109-78-4 [RN] ; 1-HYDROXYPROPANE; 1-Propanol [ACD/Index Name] ; 1-Propanol [German] ; 1-Propanol [French] ; 1-Propyl alcohol; 1-プロパノール [Japanese]; 1-丙醇 [Chinese]; Alcohol, propyl; Alcool propilico; Alcool propilico [Italian]; Alcool propylique ; Alcool propylique [French]; Hydroxypropane; n-propan-1-ol; n-propanol; n-Propyl alcohol; n-Propyl alkohol [German]; n-Propylalkohol; Propan-1-ol ; Propane-1-ol; propanol [German]; Propanol, 1-; propanol-1; propyl alcohol; Propylowy alkohol [Polish]; γ-Propanol; Propanolen; 1-Propanol, 99%; 1-Propanol, anhydrous; 200-661-7 [EINECS]; 2-Propen-1-ol ; Albacol; ethyl carbinol; Ethylcarbinol ; n-C3H7OH; N-Propanol ACS grade; Optal; Osmosol extra; oxabutane; POL; Policosanol; Propan-1-ol, GlenDry, anhydrous; Propan-1-ol, GlenPure; propanol; Propanole; Propyl alcohol200-746-; 9MFCD00002941; propylalcohol; Propylic alcohol; WLN: Q3; 正丙醇 [Chinese]

Benzoic acid, propyl ester; n-Propyl benzoate; Propyl benzenecarboxylate; Propyl benzoate; PROPYL BENZOATE, N° CAS : 2315-68-6, Nom INCI : PROPYL BENZOATE. Nom chimique : Propyl benzoate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 219-020-8. Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, Restriction en Europe : V/1a. La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,5 %.Ses fonctions (INCI) : Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

PROPYL GALLATE, N° CAS : 121-79-9, Nom INCI : PROPYL GALLATE, Nom chimique : Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-498-2. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Nipasol; Propyl Chemosept; Solbrol P; Propyl Parasept; Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester; p-hydroxy propyl benzoate; n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; aseptoform p; betacide p; paseptol; propyl aseptoform; protaben p; tegosept p; 4-hydroxybenzoic propyl ester CAS NO. : 94-13-3

Paradept; Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium 4-Propoxycarbonylphenoxide; Natrium-4-propoxycarbonylphenoxid; 4-Propoxicarbonilfenoxido de sodio; 4-Propoxycarbonylphénolate de sodium; Solbrol P, Natriumsalz CAS NO: 35285-69-9

aseptoform P bayer D 206 benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, propyl ester betacide P betacine P bonomold OP chemacide PK chemocide PK p- hydroxy propyl benzoate 4- hydroxy-benzoic acid propyl ester 4- hydroxybenzoic acid N-propyl ester 4- hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester p- hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester para- hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester 4- hydroxybenzoic acid propylester 4- hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester p- hydroxybenzoic propyl ester p- hydroxypropyl benzoate mekkings P nipagin P nipasol M nipasol P nipazol paseptol preserval P propagin propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate N- propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate propyl aseptoform propyl butex propyl chemosept propyl chemsept propyl p-hydroxybenzoate N- propyl p-hydroxybenzoate propyl para hydroxy benzoate propyl para-hydroxybenzoate N- propyl para-hydroxybenzoate propyl parabens (india) propyl parahydroxybenzoate propyl parasept propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate USP/NF propylparaben N- propylparaben propylparasept protaben P solbrol P tegosept P CAS Number: 94-13-3

4-methyl-1,3-Dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Propylene Carbonate; 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate; PC; Carbonic Acid Cyclic Propylene Ester; Propylene carbonat; ene carbonate; PROPYLENE CARBONATE, 99%PROPYLENE CARBONATE, 99%PROPYLENE CARBONATE, 99%; (±)-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; (R,S)-4-Methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-PDC; 1,2-Propanediol carbonate; propylenesterkyselinyuhlicite CAS NO:108-32-7

4-methyl-1,3-Dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Propylene Carbonate; 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate; PC; Carbonic Acid Cyclic Propylene Ester; (R,S)-4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Cyclic propylene carbonate; Carbonic acid propylene ester; Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate; Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate; 1,2-Propanediol carbonate; 4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane; Arconate 5000; Texacar PC CAS NO:108-32-7

PROPYLENE GLYCOL Propylene glycol Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. Containing two alcohol groups, it is classed as a diol. It is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform. In general, glycols are non-irritating and have very low volatility.[4] It is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers. In the European Union, it has E-number E1520 for food applications. For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490. Propylene glycol is also present in propylene glycol alginate, which is known as E405. Propylene glycol is a compound which is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) under 21 CFR x184.1666, and is also approved by the FDA for certain uses as an indirect food additive. Propylene glycol is approved and used as a vehicle for topical, oral, and some intravenous pharmaceutical preparations in the U.S. and in Europe. Structure The compound is sometimes called (alpha) α-propylene glycol to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is chiral. Commercial processes typically use the racemate. The S-isomer is produced by biotechnological routes. Production Industrial Industrially, propylene glycol is mainly produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use). According to a 2018 source, 2.16 M tonnes are produced annually.[4] Manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali.[5] 1,2-Propandiol Synthesis V1.svg Final products contain 20% propylene glycol, 1.5% of dipropylene glycol, and small amounts of other polypropylene glycols.[6] Further purification produces finished industrial grade or USP/JP/EP/BP grade propylene glycol that is typically 99.5% or greater. Use of USP (US Pharmacopoeia) propylene glycol can reduce the risk of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) rejection.[7] Propylene glycol can also be obtained from glycerol, a byproduct from the production of biodiesel.[4] This starting material is usually reserved for industrial use because of the noticeable odor and taste that accompanies the final product. Laboratory S-Propanediol is synthesized from via fermentation methods. Lactic acid and lactaldehyde are common intermediates. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, one of the two products of breakdown (glycolysis) of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, is a precursor to methylglyoxal. This conversion is the basis of a potential biotechnological route to the commodity chemical 1,2-propanediol. Three-carbon deoxysugars are also precursor to the 1,2-diol.[4] A small-scale, nonbiological route from D-mannitol is illustrated in the following scheme:[8] (s)-Propanediol from D-Mannitol.png Applications Polymers Forty-five percent of propylene glycol produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. In this regard, propylene glycol reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer. This partially unsaturated polymer undergoes further crosslinking to yield thermoset plastics. Related to this application, propylene glycol reacts with propylene oxide to give oligomers and polymers that are used to produce polyurethanes.[4] Propylene glycol is used in waterbased acrylic architectural paints to extend dry time which it accomplishes by preventing the surface from drying due to its slower evaporation rate compared to water. Food Propylene glycol is also used in various edible items such as coffee-based drinks, liquid sweeteners, ice cream, whipped dairy products and soda.[9][10] Vaporizers used for delivery of pharmaceuticals or personal-care products often include propylene glycol among the ingredients.[4] In alcohol-based hand sanitizers, it is used as a humectant to prevent the skin from drying.[11] Propylene glycol is used as a solvent in many pharmaceuticals, including oral, injectable, and topical formulations. Many pharmaceutical drugs which are insoluble in water utilize Propylène Glycol as a solvent and carrier; benzodiazepine tablets are one example.[12] PG is also used as a solvent and carrier for many pharmaceutical capsule preparations. Additionally, certain formulations of artificial tears use proplyene glycol as an ingredient.[13] Propylene glycol is commonly used to de-ice aircraft Antifreeze The freezing point of water is depressed when mixed with propylene glycol. It is used as aircraft de-icing fluid.[4][14] Water-propylene glycol mixtures dyed pink to indicate the mixture is relatively nontoxic are sold under the name of RV or marine antifreeze. Propylene glycol is frequently used as a substitute for ethylene glycol in low toxicity, environmentally friendly automotive antifreeze. It is also used to winterize the plumbing systems in vacant structures.[15] The eutectic composition/temperature is 60:40 propylene glycol:water/-60 °C.[16][17] The −50 °F/−45 °C commercial product is, however, water rich; a typical formulation is 40:60.[18] Electronic cigarettes liquid Propylene glycol is often used in electronic cigarettes. Along with vegetable glycerin as the main ingredient (<1–92%) in e-liquid used in electronic cigarettes, where it is aerosolized to resemble smoke. It serves as both the carrier for substances like nicotine and cannabinoids, as well as for creating a vapor which resembles smoke.[19] Miscellaneous applications A bottle of flavored e-liquid for vaping shows propylene glycol as one of the main ingredients along with vegetable glycerin. Propylene glycol (often abbreviated 'PG') has many applications. Some common applications see PG used: As a solvent for many substances, both natural and synthetic.[20] As a humectant (E1520). As a freezing point depressant for slurry ice. In veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants.[21] In the cosmetics industry, where PG is very commonly used as a carrier or base for various types of makeup.[22] For trapping and preserving insects (including as a DNA preservative).[23] For the creation of theatrical smoke and fog in special effects for film and live entertainment. So-called 'smoke machines' or 'hazers' vaporize a mixture of PG and water to create the illusion of smoke. While many of these machines use a PG-based fuel, some use oil. Those which use PG do so in a process that is identical to how electronic cigarettes work; utilizing a heating element to produce a dense vapor. The vapor produced by these machines has the aesthetic look and appeal of smoke, but without exposing performers and stage crew to the harms and odors associated with actual smoke.[24][25] As an additive in PCR to reduce the melting temperature of nucleic acids for targeting of GC rich sequences. Safety in humans When used in average quantities, propylene glycol has no measurable effect on development and/or reproduction on animals and probably does not adversely affect human development or reproduction.[26] The safety of electronic cigarettes—which utilize PG-based preparations of nicotine or THC and other cannabinoids—is the subject of much controversy.[27][28][29] Oral administration The acute oral toxicity of propylene glycol is very low, and large quantities are required to cause perceptible health effects in humans; in fact, propylene glycol is three times less toxic than ethanol.[30] Propylene glycol is metabolized in the human body into pyruvic acid (a normal part of the glucose-metabolism process, readily converted to energy), acetic acid (handled by ethanol-metabolism), lactic acid (a normal acid generally abundant during digestion),[31] and propionaldehyde (a potentially hazardous substance).[32][33][34] According to the Dow Chemical Company, The LD50 (Lethal Dose that kills in 50% of tests) for rats is 20 g/kg (rat/oral).[35][36] Toxicity generally occurs at plasma concentrations over 4 g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of time, or when used as a vehicle for drugs or vitamins given intravenously or orally in large bolus doses.[37] It would be nearly impossible to reach toxic levels by consuming foods or supplements, which contain at most 1 g/kg of PG, except for alcoholic beverages in the US which are allowed 5 percent = 50g/kg.[38] Cases of propylene glycol poisoning are usually related to either inappropriate intravenous administration or accidental ingestion of large quantities by children.[39] The potential for long-term oral toxicity is also low. In an NTP continuous breeding study, no effects on fertility were observed in male or female mice that received propylene glycol in drinking water at doses up to 10,100 mg/kg bw/day. No effects on fertility were seen in either the first or second generation of treated mice.[26] In a 2-year study, 12 rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% propylene glycol, and showed no apparent ill effects.[40] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, propylene glycol was classified by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive, including frozen foods such as ice cream and frozen desserts.[38][41] The GRAS designation is specific to its use in food, and does not apply to other uses.[42] Skin, eye and inhalation contact Propylene glycol is essentially non-irritating to the skin.[43] Undiluted propylene glycol is minimally irritating to the eye, producing slight transient conjunctivitis; the eye recovers after the exposure is removed. A 2018 human volunteer study found that 10 male and female subjects undergoing 4 hours exposures to concentrations of up to 442 mg/m3 and 30 minutes exposures to concentrations of up to 871 mg/m3 in combination with moderate exercise did not show pulmonary function deficits, or signs of ocular irritation, with only slight symptoms of respiratory irritation reported.[44] Inhalation of propylene glycol vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications.[45] Due to the lack of chronic inhalation data, it is recommended that propylene glycol not be used in inhalation applications such as theatrical productions, or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.[46] Recently, propylene glycol (commonly alongside glycerol) has been included as a carrier for nicotine and other additives in e-cigarette liquids, the use of which presents a novel form of exposure. The potential hazards of chronic inhalation of propylene glycol or the latter substance as a whole are as-yet unknown.[47] According to a 2010 study, the concentrations of PGEs (counted as the sum of propylene glycol and glycol ethers) in indoor air, particularly bedroom air, has been linked to increased risk of developing numerous respiratory and immune disorders in children, including asthma, hay fever, eczema, and allergies, with increased risk ranging from 50% to 180%. This concentration has been linked to use of water-based paints and water-based system cleansers. However, the study authors write that glycol ethers and not propylene glycol are the likely culprit.[48][49][50] Propylene glycol has not caused sensitization or carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies, nor has it demonstrated genotoxic potential.[51][52] Intravenous administration Studies with intravenously administered propylene glycol have resulted in LD50 values in rats and rabbits of 7 mL/kg BW.[53] Ruddick (1972) also summarized intramuscular LD50 data for rat as 13-20 mL/kg BW, and 6 mL/kg BW for the rabbit. Adverse effects to intravenous administration of drugs that use propylene glycol as an excipient have been seen in a number of people, particularly with large bolus dosages. Responses may include CNS depression, "hypotension, bradycardia, QRS and T abnormalities on the ECG, arrhythmia, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, agitation, serum hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, and haemolysis".[54] A high percentage (12% to 42%) of directly-injected propylene glycol is eliminated or secreted in urine unaltered depending on dosage, with the remainder appearing in its glucuronide-form. The speed of renal filtration decreases as dosage increases,[55] which may be due to propylene glycol's mild anesthetic / CNS-depressant -properties as an alcohol.[56] In one case, intravenous administration of propylene glycol-suspended nitroglycerin to an elderly man may have induced coma and acidosis.[57] However, no confirmed lethality from propylene glycol was reported. Animals Propylene glycol is an approved food additive for dog and sugar glider food under the category of animal feed and is generally recognized as safe for dogs,[58] with an LD50 of 9 mL/kg. The LD50 is higher for most laboratory animals (20 mL/kg).[59] However, it is prohibited for use in food for cats due to links to Heinz body formation and a reduced lifespan of red blood cells.[60] Heinz body formation from Propilen Glikol has not been observed in dogs, cattle, or humans. Allergic reaction Estimates on the prevalence of propylene glycol allergy range from 0.8% (10% propylene glycol in aqueous solution) to 3.5% (30% propylene glycol in aqueous solution).[61][62][63] The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) data from 1996 to 2006 showed that the most common site for propylene glycol contact dermatitis was the face (25.9%), followed by a generalized or scattered pattern (23.7%).[61] Investigators believe that the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis to propylene glycol may be greater than 2% in patients with eczema or fungal infections, which are very common in countries with lesser sun exposure and lower-than-normal vitamin D balances. Therefore, propylene glycol allergy is more common in those countries.[64] Because of its potential for allergic reactions and frequent use across a variety of topical and systemic products, propylene glycol was named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2018.[65][66] Recent publication from The Mayo Clinic reported 0.85% incidence of positive patch tests to propylene glycol (100/11,738 patients) with an overall irritant rate of 0.35% (41/11,738 patients) during a 20-year period of 1997–2016.[67] 87% of the reactions were classified as weak and 9% as strong. The positive reaction rates were 0%, 0.26%, and 1.86% for 5%, 10%, and 20% propylene glycol respectively, increasing with each concentration increase. The irritant reaction rates were 0.95%, 0.24%, and 0.5% for 5%, 10%, and 20% propylene glycol, respectively. Propylene glycol skin sensitization occurred in patients sensitive to a number of other concomitant positive allergens, most common of which were: Myroxylon pereirae resin, benzalkonium chloride, carba mix, potassium dichromate, neomycin sulfate; for positive propylene glycol reactions, the overall median of 5 and mean of 5.6 concomitant positive allergens was reported. Environmental Propylene glycol occurs naturally, probably as the result of anaerobic catabolism of sugars in the human gut. It is degraded by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, which convert it to propionaldehyde.[68] Propylene glycol is expected to degrade rapidly in water from biological processes, but is not expected to be significantly influenced by hydrolysis, oxidation, volatilization, bioconcentration, or adsorption to sediment.[69] Propylene glycol is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions in freshwater, in seawater and in soil. Therefore, propylene glycol is considered as not persistent in the environment. Propylene glycol exhibits a low degree of toxicity toward aquatic organisms. Several guideline studies available for freshwater fish with the lowest observed effect concentration of 96-h LC50 value of 40,613 mg/l in a study with Oncorhynchus mykiss. Similarly, the effect concentration determined in marine fish is a 96-h LC50 of >10,000 mg/l in Scophthalmus maximus. Propylene Glycol in Food: Is This Additive Safe? Propylene glycol is a substance commonly used as a food additive or ingredient in many cosmetic and hygiene products. The US and European food authorities have declared it as generally safe for use in foods. However, it has become controversial since it is also an ingredient in antifreeze. This had led to health concerns about possible toxic effects from eating foods that contain it. This article investigates what propylene glycol is, why it is used and whether it is dangerous to your health. What Is Propylene Glycol? Propylene glycol is a synthetic food additive that belongs to the same chemical group as alcohol. It is a colorless, odorless, slightly syrupy liquid that is a bit thicker than water. It has practically no taste (1Trusted Source). Additionally, it can dissolve some substances better than water and is also good at retaining moisture. This makes it very useful as a food additive, so it can be found in a wide variety of processed foods and drinks (2). Other names it is known by include (2): 1,2-propanediol 1,2-dihydroxypropane Methyl ethyl glycol Trimethyl glycol Propylene glycol is sometimes confused with ethylene glycol, as both have been used in antifreeze due to their low melting points. However, these are not the same substance. Ethylene glycol is highly toxic to humans and is not used in food products. SUMMARY Propylene glycol is a synthetic, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that belongs to the same chemical class as alcohol. It should not be confused with the toxic substance ethylene glycol. Where and How Is It Used? Propylene glycol is commonly used as an additive to aid in the processing of foods and improve their texture, flavor, appearance and shelf life. In foods, propylene glycol may be used in the following ways (3, 4, 5): Anti-caking agent: It helps prevent food components from sticking to one another and forming clumps, such as in dried soups or grated cheese. Antioxidant: It extends the shelf life of foods by protecting them against deterioration caused by oxygen. Carrier: It dissolves other food additives or nutrients to be used in processing, such as colors, flavors or antioxidants. Dough strengthener: It modifies the starches and gluten in dough to make it more stable. Emulsifier: It prevents food ingredients from separating, such as oil and vinegar in salad dressing. Moisture preserver: It helps foods maintain a stable level of moisture and stops them from drying out. Examples include marshmallows, coconut flakes and nuts. Processing aid: It is used to enhance the appeal or the use of a food, for example, to make a liquid clearer. Stabilizer and thickener: It can be used to hold food components together or thicken them during and after processing. Texturizer: It can change the appearance or mouthfeel of a food. Propylene glycol is commonly found in many packaged foods, such as drink mixes, dressings, dried soups, cake mix, soft drinks, popcorn, food coloring, fast foods, bread and dairy products (6Trusted Source). It is also used in injectable medications, like lorazepam, and in some creams and ointments that are applied to the skin, such as corticosteroids (2, 7Trusted Source). Due to its chemical properties, it is also found in a wide variety of hygiene and cosmetic products. Additionally, it is used in industrial products like paint, antifreeze, artificial smoke and e-cigarettes (2, 6Trusted Source). SUMMARY Propylene glycol is commonly used as a food additive. It helps preserve moisture as well as dissolve colors and flavors. It is also used in some medications, cosmetic products, antifreeze and other industrial products. Is Propylene Glycol in Food Dangerous? Propylene glycol is “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (8). In the US, it can be used as a direct and indirect food additive. In Europe, it is only allowed to be used in food as a solvent for colors, emulsifiers, antioxidants and enzymes, with up to 0.45 grams per pound (1 gram/kg) allowed in the final food product (9Trusted Source). The World Health Organization recommends a maximum intake of 11.4 mg of propylene glycol per pound of body weight (25 mg/kg) per day. The estimated exposure to propylene glycol through foods in the US is 15 mg per pound (34 mg/kg) per day (9Trusted Source). In comparison, one person who developed symptoms of toxicity was receiving 213 grams of propylene glycol per day. For a 120-pound (60-kg) adult, that is over 100 times what is found in the average diet (9Trusted Source). There is only one documented case of toxicity caused by food. A man drank very large amounts of cinnamon whiskey containing propylene glycol and was found unconscious. While his symptoms were also due to the alcohol, some could be attributed to the propylene glycol (10Trusted Source). Overall, apart from people with allergies and one case of excessive consumption, there have been no other reported cases of negative or toxic effects of propylene glycol in foods. However, as current intakes are estimated to be above the recommended level, it may be wise to reduce dietary sources where you can, especially as the primary sources are highly processed foods. SUMMARY Propylene glycol is considered generally safe by US and European authorities. There is only one documented case of toxicity caused by excessive alcohol intake. It is recommended to limit intake to 11.4 mg per pound (25 mg/kg) of body weight per day. Health Effects of Propylene Glycol There is a lot of conflicting information about the dangers of propylene glycol. Some websites state it is safe, while others claim it causes heart attacks, kidney and liver failure and brain problems. How Toxic Is Propylene Glycol? The toxicity of propylene glycol is very low. It has not been found to cause cancer, damage genes or interfere with fertility or reproduction. Moreover, there are no reported deaths on record (1Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source). In rats, the median lethal dose is 9 grams per pound (20 g/kg). Compare this to sugar, which has a lethal dose of 13.5 grams per pound (29.7 g/kg), or salt, which is just 1.4 grams per pound (3 g/kg) in rats (11, 12, 13). After ingesting a food containing propylene glycol, about 45% of it will be excreted by the kidneys unchanged. The rest is broken down in the body into lactic acid (1Trusted Source, 14). When consumed in toxic quantities, the buildup of lactic acid can lead to acidosis and kidney failure. Acidosis occurs when the body cannot get rid of the acid fast enough. It begins to build up in the blood, which interferes with proper functioning (10Trusted Source). The main sign of toxicity is central nervous system depression. Symptoms include a slower rate of breathing, decreased heart rate and loss of consciousness (14). Cases of poisoning may be treated with hemodialysis to remove the substance from the blood or by removing the drug or substance that contains propylene glycol (15Trusted Source). However, toxicity is very rare. Most cases resulted from the use of very high doses of medication containing propylene glycol or unusual circumstances, such as one man who was ill and drank the contents of an ice pack (16Trusted Source, 17Trusted Source). SUMMARY Propylene glycol has very low toxicity. Poisoning rarely occurs, and it is typically due to high doses of medications that contain it. Dangers for People With Kidney or Liver Disease In adults with normal liver and kidney function, propylene glycol is broken down and removed from the blood fairly quickly. On the other hand, in people with kidney disease or liver disease, this process may not be as efficient. This can lead to a buildup of propylene glycol and lactic acid in the bloodstream, causing symptoms of toxicity (9Trusted Source, 15Trusted Source). Additionally, because there is no maximum dose limit for propylene glycol used in drugs, it is possible to receive very high doses in some circumstances (9Trusted Source). One woman with kidney damage was treated for short breath and throat swelling with lorazepam. She received 40 times the recommended level of propylene glycol over 72 hours, resulting in acidosis and other symptoms of toxicity (18Trusted Source). Critically ill patients often have impaired kidney or liver function and may also have an increased risk from prolonged or high-dose drug treatments. For example, in one study, 19% of critical patients being treated with the drug lorazepam were observed to have signs of propylene glycol toxicity (19Trusted Source). For people with kidney and liver disease, drug alternatives without propylene glycol may be used if needed. There is no evidence that dietary amounts are cause for concern. SUMMARY People with kidney or liver damage are not able to clear propylene glycol or lactic acid from the blood as effectively as healthy people. When receiving very high doses of it in medications, they have an increased risk of developing toxicity. Dangers for Infants and Pregnant Women Pregnant women, children and infants under four years of age have lower levels of an enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme is essential for the breakdown of propylene glycol Therefore, these groups may be at risk of developing toxicity if they are exposed to large amounts through medication. Infants are at particular risk. They take up to three times as long to remove propylene glycol from their bodies and may be particularly sensitive to the effects on the central nervous system (9Trusted Source, 20Trusted Source, 21Trusted Source). There are case reports of premature infants injected with large doses of vitamins containing propylene glycol that resulted in seizures (22Trusted Source, 23Trusted Source). However, another study demonstrated that doses of up to 15.4 mg per pound (34 mg/kg) of propylene glycol over 24 hours were tolerated by young babies (24Trusted Source). While these populations may be at increased risk of toxicity in the case of very high exposure from medication, there is no research indicating any harm from the amounts found in the diet. SUMMARY Young children and infants are not able to process propylene glycol as effectively as adults. Therefore, they are at risk of it building up in their bodies and developing symptoms of toxicity when exposed to high doses in medications. Risk of Heart Attack Some websites claim that propylene glycol increases the risk of heart disease and heart attacks. It is true that when propylene glycol is injected in high amounts or too quickly, a drop in blood pressure and heart rhythm problems can occur (20Trusted Source). Animal studies also demonstrate that very high doses of propylene glycol can rapidly decrease heart rate, cause low blood pressure and even cause the heart to stop (25Trusted Source, 26Trusted Source). In one report, an 8-month-old child suffered loss of heart function and subsequent brain damage after being treated with silver sulfadiazine cream that contained propylene glycol. The cream was used for treating burns that covered 78% of his body (27Trusted Source). In this case, the child received 4.1 grams per pound (9 g/kg) of propylene glycol, which is a very high dose. In another case, a 15-month-old child was given oral doses of vitamin C dissolved in propylene glycol. He developed symptoms of toxicity, including non-responsiveness and irregular heart rhythms, but recovered after the vitamin solution was stopped (28Trusted Source). While these reports may be concerning, it is important to note that in both these cases, toxicity occurred due to a high dosage of medication in a vulnerable age group. The most common skin reaction, or dermatitis, is the development of a rash on the face or in a generalized scattered pattern over the body (32Trusted Source). Systemic dermatitis has been reported after eating foods and taking medications and intravenous drugs that contain propylene glycol (33Trusted Source, 34Trusted Source, 35). One study of 38 sensitive people given propylene glycol by mouth found that 15 of them developed a rash within 3 to 16 hours (31Trusted Source). In addition, propylene glycol can cause irritant contact dermatitis. In this case, a rash may develop in sensitive people when their skin comes into contact with products that contain it, such as shampoo or moisturizer (6Trusted Source). People who already have skin conditions or sensitive skin are at particular risk of contact allergy to this additive (6Trusted Source). For people with allergic dermatitis, it is best to avoid all sources of propylene glycol. For contact dermatitis, avoid products containing it that come into contact with the skin. SUMMARY Between 0.8 and 3.5% of people are allergic to propylene glycol. Common symptoms include a rash on the face or body. How Can You Avoid It? While propylene glycol is generally considered safe, you may still choose to avoid it if you are allergic or you simply want to reduce your intake. It is found in many different food products and can be identified by checking the ingredients list. The names it may be listed under include: Propylene glycol Propylene glycol mono and diester E1520 or 1520 Common foods include soft drinks, marinades and dressings, cake mix, frosting, popcorn, food coloring, fast foods, bread and dairy products (6Trusted Source, 35). Unfortunately, if propylene glycol is used as a carrier or solvent for another additive, such as flavor or color instead of a direct ingredient, it may not be listed on the food label (36). However, the majority of foods containing it are highly processed junk foods. By consuming a fresh, healthy, whole foods diet, you can avoid most sources without too much trouble. You can also check the labels of cosmetic products, though avoiding it may be difficult. There are several helpful websites that can help you identify which products contain it. If you have an allergy to propylene glycol, it is important to let your doctor or pharmacist know about it before taking certain medications. An alternative can usually be found. SUMMARY To avoid propylene glycol in foods, read labels and look for it as an ingredient or as the additive number E1520. Use online sources to help identify hygiene products that contain it. For medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist. The Bottom Line Propylene glycol is a useful chemical found in a wide variety of products across the food, drug, cosmetic and manufacturing industries. While there are cases of toxicity from very high doses of medication, it is overall considered a very low-toxicity substance. A small percentage of people are allergic to propylene glycol and may need to avoid products containing it. Yet for most people, the amounts regularly found in food products are considered safe. Keep in mind that most of the foods containing propylene glycol are highly processed junk foods. A fresh, whole foods diet will naturally contain lower amounts of this additive. Propylene glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water. Propylene glycol is also used to make polyester compounds, and as a base for deicing solutions. Propylene glycol is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when leakage might lead to contact with food. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified propylene glycol as an additive that is “generally recognized as safe” for use in food. It is used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. It is a solvent for food colors and flavors, and in the paint and plastics industries. Propylene glycol is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions. Other names for propylene glycol are 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 1,2-propanediol, methyl glycol, and trimethyl glycol. Propylene glycol is clear, colorless, slightly syrupy liquid at room temperature. It may exist in air in the vapor form, although propylene glycol must be heated or briskly shaken to produce a vapor. Propylene glycol is practically odorless and tasteless.

humectant; PROPYLENE GLYCOL (and) OLAFLUR; olaflur; 3-[Octadecyl(2-hydroxyethyl)aminio]propyl}bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine dihydrofluoride CAS NO:6818-37-7

PROPYLENE GLYCOL CITRATE, N° CAS : 85252-24-0, Nom INCI : PROPYLENE GLYCOL CITRATE. Nom chimique : Citric acid, monoester with propylene glycol.N° EINECS/ELINCS : 286-541-5. Classification : Glycol. Ses fonctions (INCI). Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau

PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE, N° CAS : 19224-26-1, Nom INCI : PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE, Nom chimique : 1,2-Propanediol, dibenzoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 242-894-7, Classification : Glycol, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Propane-1,2-diyl dibenzoate; 1,2-Propanediol, 1,2-dibenzoate; 1,2-propan-diyl dibenzoate ; 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, DIBENZOATE; 2-(benzoyloxy)propyl benzoate

PROPYLENE GLYCOL DICAPRYLATE/DICAPRATE;Fatty acids, C8-10, propylene esters cas no: 58748-27-9

Chem/IUPAC Name: Decanoic acid, mixed diesters with octanoic acid and propylene glycol, N° CAS : 68583-51-7 / 58748-27-9 / 68988-72-7, synonyme : PGDI, Inci : Propyleneglycol dicaprylate / dicaprate, Cas : 68583-51-7, EC : 271-516-3, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau

PROPYLENE GLYCOL DICAPRYLATE/DICAPRATE propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate Rating: GOOD Categories: Uncategorized Gel-textured ingredient used in many lightweight moisturizers. It’s a mix of propylene glycol and capric acid, a fatty acid derived from plants. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is classified as : Emollient CAS Number of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 68583-51-7 / 58748-27-9 / 68988-72-7 EINECS/ELINCS No of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 271-516-3 COSING REF No of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 78795 Chem/IUPAC Name of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: Decanoic acid, mixed diesters with octanoic acid and propylene glycol Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate What Is Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate? Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate, Propylene Glycol Oleate and Propylene Glycol Oleate SE are monoesters of propylene glycol and fatty acids. SE indicates that it is a self-emulsifying form that contains some sodium and/or potassium oleate. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate, Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate and Propylene Glycol Dilaurate are diesters of proplyene glycol and fatty acids. The use of the "/" in the name indicates that the ingredient is a mixture of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate and Propylene Glycol Dicaprate. In cosmetics and personal care products, Propylene Glycol monoesters and diesters are used in the formulation of moisturizers, cleansing products, fragrance products, and makeup products such as foundations and lipsticks. Why is Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate used in cosmetics and personal care products? The following functions have been reported for these ingredients. Skin conditioning agent - emollient - Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate Skin conditioning agent - occlusive - Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate, Propylene Glycol Dilaurate, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate Surfactant - emulsifying agent - Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Oleate SE, Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate Viscosity increasing agent - nonaqueous - Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate, Propylene Glycol Dilaurate, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate Scientific Facts: Propylene glycol monoesters and diesters are typically produced from the reaction of propylene glycol with the corresponding fatty acid. For example, Propylene Glycol Oleate is produced via the reaction of propylene glycol with oleic acid. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate * A skin-conditioning agent Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is derived from Propylene Glycol, and is a diester of proplyene glycol and fatty acids; it is a mixture of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate and Propylene Glycol Dicaprate (CosmeticsInfo.org). However, this compound differs greatly from Propylene Glycol, and is strictly a skin conditioning agent that utilizes its fatty acid components to maintain and improve lubrication and skin cell resilience, combining with proteins to promote healthy skin, according to research. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is used in skin care and beauty products as an ingredient in moisturizers, cleansing products, fragrance products, and makeup products such as foundations and lipsticks. * A skin-conditioning agent Functions of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is derived from Propylene Glycol, and is a diester of proplyene glycol and fatty acids; it is a mixture of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate and Propylene Glycol Dicaprate (CosmeticsInfo.org). However, this compound differs greatly from Propylene Glycol, and is strictly a skin conditioning agent that utilizes its fatty acid components to maintain and improve lubrication and skin cell resilience, combining with proteins to promote healthy skin, according to research. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is used in skin care and beauty products as an ingredient in moisturizers, cleansing products, fragrance products, and makeup products such as foundations and lipsticks. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is FDA approved as a direct food additive, and CIR approved as well. Safety Measures/Side Effects of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: According to the Cosmetics Database, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is a moderate hazard ingredient. Skin irritation studies reviewed by the CIR Expert Panel found that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate caused minimal to no irritation, and negative comedogenicity results. "Data on the fatty acids and propylene glycol were negative for mutagenicity, chronic toxicity, and skin irritation and sensitizaiton" However, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is considered a penetration enhancer and may enhance the skin penetration of other chemicals. Users should exercise caution when using products and formulas that contain this ingredient when combined with other ingredients for which limits have been set based on low dermal absorption. The Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate family of ingredients includes several esters and diesters of Propylene Glycol and fatty acids. These ingredients are used in cosmetic formulations as skin conditioning agents, viscosity increasing agents, and surfactants. Two skin irritation studies (minimal to no irritation) and a comedogenicity study (insignificant comedogen) on Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate and a skin irritation study (slight) and an acute oral toxicity study (nontoxic) on Propylene Glycol Laurate were available. Available data were also found indicating that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate and Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate may enhance the skin penetration of other chemicals. Because of the ability of these Polyethylene Glycol esters and diesters to enhance penetration of other agents, it was recommended that care be taken in using these and other Polyethylene Glycol esters and diesters in cosmetic products. Previous Cosmetic Ingredient Review safety assessments of related ingredients, including Polyethylene Glycol, Polyethylene Glycol Stearate, Coconut Oils and Acids, Isostearic Acid, Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Oleic Acid, and Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, were summarized. Included were mutagenicity, chronic toxicity, and skin irritation and sensitization data. Based in part on the limited data available on the ingredients included in the report, but more so on the previous reviews of chemically similar moieties, it was concluded that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate, Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate, Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Oleate SE, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate, and Propylene Glycol Dilaurate are safe. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate (CAS Nos. 58748- 27-9 ; 9062-04-8; and 68988-72-7) is a mixture of the propylene glycol diesters of caprylic and capric acids The structures of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate and Propylene Glycol Dicaprate appear on the preceding page. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is also defined as the propylene glycol diester of short chain, predominantly naturally derived C8-Clo fatty acids . It is soluble in alcohol containing up to 20% water and its viscosity is usually low . Other names for this mixture include: Decanoic Acid, 1-Methyl-1,2-Ethanediyl Ester mixed with 1-Methyl-1,2-Ethanediyl Dioctanoate; Decanoic Acid, Mixed Diesters with Octanoic Acid and Propylene Glycol ; Caprylic, Capric Acid, Propylene Glycol Diester; Propylene Glycol Dicaprate-Caprate; and Propylene Glycol, Caprylate Caprate Dieste Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate has also been defined as the propylene glycol diester of saturated vegetable acids (C8-ClO chain length) that contains 65 to 80% caprylic acid and 15 to 30% capric acid Details Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is an emollient that leaves a light, non-oily smooth and velvet skin sensation. According to manufacturer info it's also great at dispersing and dissolving pigments and sunscreen actives. Most often you will meet this guy in light moisturizers, sunscreens or makeup products. Properties Related Categories Analytical Standards, Analytical/Chromatography, Pharmacopeia & Metrological Institutes Standards, USP Standards, USP Standards P - R Less... grade pharmaceutical primary standard mfr. no. USP Featured Industry Pharmaceutical (small molecule) InChI 1S/C10H20O2.C8H16O2.C3H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12;1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8(9)10;1-3(5)2-4/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12);2-7H2,1H3,(H,9,10);3-5H,2H2,1H3 InChI key YZWQUQVFVLJWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Description General description This product is provided as delivered and specified by the issuing Pharmacopoeia. All information provided in support of this product, including SDS and any product information leaflets have been developed and issued under the Authority of the issuing Pharmacopoeia. For further information and support please go to the website of the issuing Pharmacopoeia. Analysis Note Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate are for test and assay use only. They are not meant for administration to humans or animals and cannot be used to diagnose, treat, or cure diseases of any kind. ​ Molecular Weight of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 328.5 g/mol XLogP3-AA of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 6.4 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 4 Rotatable Bond Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 17 Exact Mass of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 328.26136 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 328.26136 g/mol Topological Polar Surface Area of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 52.6 Ų Heavy Atom Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate:23 Formal Charge of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Complexity of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 302 Isotope Atom Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 1 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 1 Compound of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Is Canonicalized : Yes

SYNONYMS Methylethyl glycol; Methylethylene glycol;1,2-Propanediol; alpha-Propylene glycol; Methyl glycol; Monopropylene glycol; PG; 1,2-Dihydroxypropane; 1,2-Propylene Glycol; 2-Hydroxypropanol; 2,3-Propanediol; Propane-1,2-diol; Trimethyl glycol; 1,2-Propylenglykol; Isopropylene glycol; CAS NO:57-55-6

Decanoic acid, mixed diesters with octanoic acid and propylene glycol CAS NO: 68583-51-7 / 58748-27-9 / 68988-72-7

SYNONYMS Decanoic acid, mixed diesters with octanoic acid and propylene glycol CAS NO:68583-51-7 / 58748-27-9 / 68988-72-7

cas no 107-98-2 1-Methoxy-2-propanol; PGME; 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol; polypropylene glycol methyl ether; propylene glycol 1-methyl ether; PM; (+/-)-1-methoxy-2-propanol; 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane; Methoxy Propanol; 2-Methoxy- 1 -Methyl Ethanol;

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether-1,2-acetate; PGMEA; 1-methoxy-2-acetoxypropane; 2-Acetoxy-1-methoxypropane; 2-(1-Methoxy)propyl Acetate CAS NO:108-65-6

cas no 108-65-6 1,2-Propanediol monomethyl ether acetate; 1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate; DOWANOL® PMA; MPA; PGMEA; Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate;

cas no 5131-66-8 DOWANOL PNB; PGME;

Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) IUPAC Name 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) InChI InChI=1S/C7H16O2/c1-3-4-5-9-6-7(2)8/h7-8H,3-6H2,1-2H3 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) InChI Key RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Canonical SMILES CCCCOCC(C)O Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Molecular Formula C7H16O2 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) CAS 5131-66-8 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) European Community (EC) Number 225-878-4 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) ICSC Number 1614 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) RTECS Number UA7700000 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID8027589 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Physical Description Liquid Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Boiling Point 171.5 °C Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Flash Point 63 °C c.c. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Solubility Solubility in water, g/100ml: 6 (moderate) Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Density Relative density (water = 1): 0.879 (25 °C) Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Vapor Density Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.55 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Vapor Pressure Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 0.187 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) LogP 1.15 (calculated) Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Atmospheric OH Rate Constant 3.76e-11 cm3/molecule*sec Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Autoignition Temperature 260 °C Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Viscosity 2.9 cSt at 25 °C Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Molecular Weight 132.2 g/mol Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) XLogP3-AA 1.1 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Rotatable Bond Count 5 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Exact Mass 132.11503 g/mol Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Monoisotopic Mass 132.11503 g/mol Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Topological Polar Surface Area 29.5 Ų Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Heavy Atom Count 9 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Formal Charge 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Complexity 54.9 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Isotope Atom Count 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 1 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Industry Uses: Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories,Processing aids, not otherwise listed,Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing),Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture),Surface active agents,insecticide - hornet & wasp.Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Consumer Uses: Cleaning and furnishing care products,Paints and coatings,Personal care products,insecticide hornet & wasp.Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Industry Processing Sectors:All other basic organic chemical manufacturing,All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing,Fabricated metal product manufacturing,Paint and coating manufacturing,Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing,Transportation equipment manufacturing.Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Fire Hazards:Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 63 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.1 (at 80 °C) - 8.4 (at 145 °C).Inhalation First Aid:Fresh air, rest.Skin First Aid:Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.Eye First Aid:First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Then wash away with plenty of water.Keep in the dark. Separated from strong oxidants.No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin.NO open flames. Above 63 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.Use ventilation.Protective gloves.Wear safety goggles.Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) (PNB) is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. It evaporates quickly and is hydrophobic (doesn’t mix well with water). Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is a propylene oxide-based, or Pseries, glycol ether and a blend of two isomers: 1-butoxy-2-propanol (>95.0%, CAS# 5131-66-8), and 1-propanol-2-butoxy (<5.0%, CAS# 15821-83-7).® Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is a clear, colorless having a mild characteristic odor. The principal end uses of Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) are industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints and coatings. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) should be stored only in tightly closed,properly vented containers away from heat, sparks,open flame or strong oxidizing agents. Use only nonsparking tools. Containers should be grounded before beginning transfer. Electrical equipment should conform to national electric code. Handle empty containers carefully. Flammable combustible residue remains after emptying.General industry practice is to store Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter)P in carbon steel vessels. Storage in properly lined steel or stainless steel to avoid slight discoloration from mild steel is recommended. Avoid contact with air when storing for long periods of time. This product may absorb water if exposed to air.Provided proper storage and handling precautions are taken, Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) manufactured and delivered.Monument Chemical is stable for at least 12 months from the date of manufacture. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) that is subsequently repackaged, handled and/or delivered by third parties may have a different shelf life and may require third party shelf life studies. Product past theretest date should be evaluated to confirm that all specifications are within their limits before use. Propylene series glycol ethers are used in surface coatings, leather, pesticides, electrical, industrial cleaners, resins, and printing inks; [ECETOC] Used as a coupling agent and solvent (degreasers, paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners), coalescent (latex coatings), coupling agent (water-based agricultural formulations), and chemical intermediate (epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers).Adverse effects in animal studies include adaptive liver changes and reversible CNS depression, but no hematological, genotoxic, or carcinogenic effects; [ToxPlanet: ECETOC] A skin and eye irritant; [ICSC] May cause moderate skin and eye irritation; May cause mild, reversible corneal injury;"Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether."But for its Elements glass cleaner, part of a line it calls “environmentally responsible maintenance solutions,” Misco has replaced EGBE with a blend of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether. Unlike EGBE, these glycol ethers aren’t readily absorbed by the skin and aren’t associated with blood cell breakage, the firm says.Misco is using propylene-based glycol ethers—so-called P-series glycol ethers—to replace EGBE in most of the new products it develops, according to Zhou. The catch, he says, is that there’s no one drop-in replacement for EGBE. The company often must tailor blends out of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, and dipropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether.Propylene glycol ethers are a class of solvents used in a wide array of industrial, commercial and consumer applications, such as in paints, cleaners and inks. A robust toxicity database exists for the propylene glycol ethers that provide strong product safety support. Standard toxicity studies conducted under good laboratory practices indicate a lack of genotoxic, developmental and reproductive hazards. Recent testing efforts have primarily focused in two areas: (1) examination of the chronic toxicity/oncogenicity potential of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) in rats and mice and (2) expansion of the developmental toxicity database to higher molecular weight P-series glycol ether derivatives (i.e. propylene glycol n-propyl ether (PGPE), Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) (PGBE) and dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether (DPGBE)). In PGME chronic toxicity/oncogenicity studies no treatment-related increases in the incidence of tumors occurred in either species. Like other previously tested P-series derivatives, PGPE, PGBE and DPGBE were negative in rodent and rabbit developmental toxicity studies. Collectively, the toxicity database for P-series glycol ether products continues to support the lack of significant health effects with proper use of the commercial products.This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, inks and toners, plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) glycol ether is a fast evaporating, hydrophobic solvent which is extensively used in heavy-duty cleaning formulations. It does an excellent job of solvating and coupling hydrophobic greases and oils in household as well as industrial formulations. It is partly water soluble and miscible with most organic solvents. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) glycol ether also provides excellent surface-tension lowering ability. In coatings Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) offers good coalescing ability in systems requiring fast evaporation.Uses for Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether:Coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, grease and paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners.Effective coupling agent and efficient solvent for water-reducible coatings.Effective coalescent for lowering minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) in water-borne latex coatings.Active solvent for solvent-based coatings.Chemical intermediate for the production of epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers.Effective coupling agent in waterbased agricultural formulations.Features of Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether.Excellent solvency.Good oil solubility.Effective surfactant properties.Excellent coupling ability.Good evaporation rate control.Greater formulating flexibility.Low viscosity.Wide range of applications.Low toxicity.Practical alternative to Butyl glycol.Colourless liquid. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is mainly used as cleaning agent for heavy contaminant. It can dissolve coupling oil and grease efficiently and make itself suitable for the formula of household and industrial. Partially soluble in water, Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) can solubilize most solvent with the application as follows: ① as household and industrial cleanser, remover of grease and paint, coupling agent and solvent of metal and hard surface cleanser; ② as effective coupling agent and solvent of water-reducing coatings; ③ as effective coagulating agent of water-based emulsion paint; ④ as active solvent of solvent-based paint; ⑤ as chemical intermediate for ester, solvent and plasticizer manufacture.Application in coating: as one of the best film-forming auxiliaries of water-based paints, D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) can be used as coagulant of acrylic resin, phenylethylene acrylic resin and polyvinyl acetate giving excellent performance to paint film.Application in cleanser: it is applicable to cleaning agents especially for those which require low volatile speed, such as wax remover and floor cleanser. As good coupling agent for lubricating grease and fat, D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) can be applied as paint stripper and remover of animal fat.Other application: D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) can also be used in agricultural products, cosmetics, electronic ink and textile.The alpha (secondary alcohol) form is kinetically favored during synthesis. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is available as the isomeric mixture in which the alpha isomer is the predominant isomer (ca. 95%. DPnB, DPMA and TPM are commercially produced as mixtures of isomeric components in which the internal ether linkages may be adjacent to either primary or secondary carbon atoms. Thus, for DPMA and DPnB the commercially produced products may contain up to 4 such isomers. In the case of TPM, the commercially produced product may contain up to 8 such isomers. This category of propylene glycol ethers (PGEs) exhibits low acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes.Rat oral LD50s range from >3,000 mg/kg ( Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter)) to >5,000 mg/kg (DPMA). Dermal LD50s are all > 2,000 mg/kg ( Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter), & DPnB; where no deaths occurred), and ranging up to >15,000 mg/kg (TPM). Inhalation LC50 values were higher than 5,000 mg/m3 for DPMA (4-hour exposure), and TPM (1-hour exposure). For DPnB the 4-hour LC50 is >2,040 mg/m3. For Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter), the 4-hour LC50 was >651 ppm (>3,412 mg/m3), representing the highest practically attainable vapor level. No deaths occurred at these concentrations for any of the four new category members. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) and TPM are moderately irritating to eyes while the remaining category members are only slightly irritating to nonirritating. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is moderately irritating to skin while the remaining category members are slightly to non-irritating.None of the category members are skin sensitizers. In repeated dose studies ranging in duration from 2 to 13 weeks, few adverse effects were found even at high exposure levels and effects that did occur were mild in nature. By the oral route of administration, NOAELs of 350 mg/kg-d ( Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) – 13 wk) and 450 mg/kg-d (D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) – 13 wk) were observed for liver and kidney weight increases (without accompanying histopathology). LOAELs for these two chemicals were 1000 mg/kg-d (highest dose tested).Dermal repeated-dose toxicity tests have been performed for all of the category members but DPMA. For Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter), no effects were seen in a 13-wk study at doses as high as 1,000 mg/kg-d. A dose of 273 mg/kg-d constituted a LOAEL (increased organ weights without histopathology) in a 13-week dermal study for D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter). For TPM, increased kidney weights (no histopathology) and transiently decreased body weights were found at a dose of 2,895 mg/kg-d in a 90-day study in rabbits. By inhalation, no effects were observed in 2-week studies in rats at the highest tested concentrations of 3244 mg/m3 (600 ppm) for Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) and 2,010 mg/m3 (260 ppm) for D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter). TPM caused increased liver weights without histopathology by inhalation in a 2-week study at a LOAEL of 360 mg/m3 (43 ppm). In this study, the highest tested TPM concentration, 1010 mg/m3 (120 ppm), also caused increased liver weights without accompanying histopathology. Although no repeated-dose studies are available for the oral route for TPM, or for any route for DPMA, it is anticipated that these chemicals would behave similarly to other category members. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) (PnB): Because of high solvency, oil solubility, surfactant, and coupling properties, and due to good evaporation rate control, high formulating flexibility, low viscosity, as well as low toxicity, PnB may be used as a coupling agent and solvent in domestic and commercial cleaning solutions such as degreasers, paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners. These characteristics also allow PnB to be used as a coupling agent in water-based agricultural formulations, facilitating the homogenous blending of ingredients with diverse solubility characteristics. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is also used as a coalescent for lowering minimum film formulation temperature (MFFT) in water-borne latex coatings and as a chemical intermediate for the production of epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers. Regarding skin and eye irritation, the dataset summarized in Table 8 is complete for the category.Some of the chemicals may be moderately irritating to eyes. All but Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) are slightly or nonirritating to skin. Undiluted Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) may be moderately irritating to skin. The acetates show either no or moderate potential for irritation to either eyes or skin. Propylene glycol n-butyl ether (PnB) was applied daily (5 days/week) for 13 weeks to the skin of four groups of New Zealand White rabbits (5/sex/dose level) at various dilutions in a 50/50 v/v mixture of ethanol and water (vehicle), equivalent to volumetric PnB doses of 0 (vehicle-only), 11.4, 114,or 1140 µl/kg-day (total dose volume of 2 ml/kg-day). These doses corresponded to dilutions of 0, 0.569%, 5.69, or 56.9% (w/v) of PnB in the treatment solution. When adjusted for the density of PnB, the volumetric doses equate to mass doses of 0, 1, 100, or 1000 mg PnB/kg-day.Treatment solutions were applied to the clipped dorsal trunk of each rabbit.Rabbits wore collars to prevent grooming and ingestion of test material.Solutions were applied unoccluded since the low vapor pressure of PnB was assumed to precluded evaporative loss. Propylene glycol n-butyl ether did not cause claustogenic damage to nuclear material in rat hepatocytes at any dose level, with or without metabolic activation.The alpha (secondary alcohol) form is kinetically favored during synthesis. PnB is available as the isomeric mixture in which the alpha isomer is the predominant isomer (ca. 95%. DPnB, DPMA and TPM are commercially produced as mixtures of isomeric components in which the internal ether linkages may be adjacent to either primary or secondary carbon atoms. Thus, for DPMA and DPnB the commercially produced products may contain up to 4 such isomers. In the case of TPM, the commercially produced product may contain up to 8 such isomers. This category of propylene glycol ethers (PGEs) exhibits low acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. Rat oral LD50s range from >3,000 mg/kg (PnB) to >5,000 mg/kg (DPMA). Dermal LD50s are all > 2,000 mg/kg (PnB, & DPnB; where no deaths occurred), and ranging up to >15,000 mg/kg (TPM). Inhalation LC50 values were higher than 5,000 mg/m3 for DPMA (4-hour exposure), and TPM (1-hour exposure). For DPnB the 4-hour LC50 is >2,040 mg/m3. For PnB, the 4-hour LC50 was >651 ppm (>3,412 mg/m3 ), representing the highest practically attainable vapor level. No deaths occurred at these concentrations for any of the four new category members. PnB and TPM are moderately irritating to eyes while the remaining category members are only slightly irritating to nonirritating. PnB is moderately irritating to skin while the remaining category members are slightly to non-irritating. None of the category members are skin sensitizers. In repeated dose studies ranging in duration from 2 to 13 weeks, few adverse effects were found even at high exposure levels and effects that did occur were mild in nature. By the oral route of administration, NOAELs of 350 mg/kg-d (PnB – 13 wk) and 450 mg/kg-d (DPnB – 13 wk) were observed for liver and kidney weight increases(without accompanying histopathology). LOAELs for these two chemicals were 1000 mg/kg-d (highest dose tested).Dermal repeated-dose toxicity tests have been performed for all of the category members but DPMA. For PnB, no effects were seen in a 13-wk study at doses as high as 1,000 mg/kg-d. A dose of 273 mg/kg-d constituted a LOAEL (increased organ weights without histopathology) in a 13-week dermal study for DPnB. For TPM, increased kidney weights (no histopathology) and transiently decreased body weights were found at a dose of 2,895 mg/kg-d in a 90- day study in rabbits. By inhalation, no effects were observed in 2-week studies in rats at the highest tested concentrations of 3244 mg/m3 (600 ppm) for PnB and 2,010 mg/m3 (260 ppm) for DPnB. TPM caused increased liver weights without histopathology by inhalation in a 2-week study at a LOAEL of 360 mg/m3 (43 ppm). In this study, the highest tested TPM concentration, 1010 mg/m3 (120 ppm), also caused increased liver weights without accompanying histopathology. Although no repeated-dose studies are available for the oral route for TPM, or for any route for DPMA, it is anticipated that these chemicals would behave similarly to other category members. One and two-generation reproductive toxicity testing has been conducted in mice, rats, and rabbits via the oral or inhalation routes of exposure on PM and PMA. In an inhalation rat study using PM, the NOAEL for parental toxicity is 300 ppm (1106 mg/m3) with decreases in body and organ weights occurring at the LOAEL of 1000 ppm (3686mg/m3). For offspring toxicity the NOAEL is 1000 ppm (3686 mg/m3), with decreased body weights occurring at 3000 ppm (11058 mg/m3). For PMA, the NOAEL for parental and offspring toxicity is 1000 mg/kg/d. in a twogeneration gavage study in rats. No adverse effects were found on reproductive organs, fertility rates, or other indices commonly monitored in such studies. In addition, there is no evidence from histopathological data from repeated-dose studies for the category members that would indicate that these chemicals would pose a reproductive hazard to human health.The Propylene Glycol Ethers Category consists of four new members: propylene glycol n-butyl ether, or PnB (CAS No. 5131-66-8); dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, or DPnB (CAS No. 29911- 28-2); dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, or DPMA (CAS No. 88917-22-0); and tripropylene glycol methyl ether, or TPM (CAS No. 25498-49-1 and 20324-33-8). These chemicals form a category based on similar structural, physicochemical, and toxicological properties. Propylene glycol ethers may appear in two isomeric forms. The predominant form consists of a secondary alcohol (also sometimes referred to as the alpha isomer) and a minor form (the beta isomer), consisting of a primary alcohol. This distinction has toxicological significance as will be discussed later. Three glycol ethers used to support the category and are also part of the category are: propylene glycol methyl ether, or PM (CAS No. 107-98-2); propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, or PMA (CAS No. 108-65-6); and dipropylene glycol methyl ether, or DPM (CAS No. 34590-94-8). Data from these are used to fill data gaps of category members. These glycol ethers are considered as category members due to their structural and toxicological similarities. These three chemicals were evaluated at SIAM 11 and 12 and found to be low priority for further testing. The details and references for each study selected are given in the robust summary/dossier sets for each category member. There are some inconsistencies in how chemicals are reported throughout the world and what CAS numbers are used. It should be noted that in the original IUCLID dossiers, some studies that were conducted using the commercial mixtures had incorrectly used CAS numbers that are specific to the alpha isomer. However, testing was usually carried out on the commercially produced products that were nominated as HPV chemicals, all of which are mixtures containing at least a minimal amount of beta isomer (usually less than 5%); rarely, when noted in the IUCLID, the study may have been conducted on a more purified form of either the alpha or beta isomer. Unless specifically stated in the dossiers, the purified beta isomer was not tested. Please see Annex I for a more detailed discussion of these issues. Where n = 1, 2, or 3 and R = alkyl (methyl or n-butyl). In addition, in the case of the acetates, DPMA and PMA, an acetate moiety is substituted for the hydrogen atom on the free hydroxyl group. Under physiological conditions, this acetate moiety is easily separated from the oxygen atom of the alcohol by the process of hydrolysis to yield the parent ether and acetic acid. Structures of the individual isomers are shown in Annex I along with their Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) numbers. Annex I also explains the nature of the mixtures of isomers more completely and shows the molecular structures of the predominant isomers, illustrating their close structural similarity. The reader is advised to read Annex I for questions regarding the chemical nature of propylene glycol ethers. With regard to the category member, dipropylene glycol ether acetate (DPMA), research on the close structural analogue, monopropylene glycol ether acetate (PMA), by Domoradzki (2001) as cited in Corley et al. (2003), showed that this PGE acetate is hydrolyzed to its parent ether in vivo with a half-life of 1.6 to 3.4 minutes. These researchers showed that the pharmacokinetics of PMA were indistinguishable from PM when PMA was infused intravenously. Hydrolysis is attributed to naturally occurring esterases present in blood and other tissues. In an older study, Miller et al., (1984) showed that the metabolism and disposition of PMA in male Fischer 344 rats was practically indistinguishable from PM. Hoffmann and Jackh (1985) showed that the beta isomer of PMA hydrolyzed in vitro to the free ether in rat plasma with a half-life of 0.64 minutes. Thus, it is appropriate to include the acetate in this category of chemicals due to its rapid conversion to its parent ether and nearly identical toxicity. Note that all of the monopropylene glycol ethers may exist in two isomeric forms, alpha or beta.The alpha form, which is thermodynamically favored during synthesis, consists of a secondary alcohol configuration. The beta form consists of a primary alcohol. The two isomeric forms are shown above. The di- and tripropylene glycol ethers may form up to 4 and 8 isomeric forms, respectively. Even so, all isomers exhibit either the “alpha” or “beta” configuration, existing as secondary or primary alcohols, respectively. The distribution of isomeric forms for the di- and tripropylene glycols, as with the mono-PGEs, also results in predominantly the alpha form (i.e., a secondary alcohol). It should be noted that only the alpha isomer and isomeric mixtures (consisting predominantly of the alpha isomer) are produced commercially; the purified beta isomer is not produced at this time. Testing of a wide variety of propylene glycol ethers has shown that propylene glycol-based ethers are less toxic than some ethers of the ethylene series. The common toxicities associated with the lower molecular weight homologues of the ethylene series, such as adverse effects on reproductive organs, the developing embryo and fetus, blood (hemolytic effects), or thymus, are not seen with the commercial-grade propylene glycol ethers. In the ethylene series, metabolism of the terminal hydroxyl group produces an alkoxyacetic acid (Patty’s Toxicology, 5th Ed., 2001). Thereproductive and developmental toxicities of the lower molecular weight homologues in the ethylene series are due specifically to the formation of methoxyacetic and ethoxyacetic acids.Longer chain length homologues in the ethylene series are not associated with the reproductive toxicity but can cause hemolysis in sensitive species, also through formation of an alkoxyacetic acid. The predominant alpha isomer of all the propylene glycol ethers (thermodynamically favored during manufacture of PGEs) is a secondary alcohol incapable of forming an alkoxy propionic acid.This alpha isomer comprises greater than 95% of the isomeric mixture in the commercial product.Because the alpha isomer cannot form an alkoxypropionic acid, this is the most likely reason for the lack of toxicity shown by the propylene glycol ethers as distinct from the lower molecular weight ethylene glycol ethers. More importantly, however, very extensive empirical test data show thatthis class of commercial-grade glycol ether presents a low toxicity hazard. Propylene glycol ethers,whether mono, di- or tripropylene glycol-based (and no matter what the alcohol group), show a verysimilar pattern of low to non-detectable toxicity of any type at doses or exposure levels greatlyexceeding those showing pronounced effects from the ethylene series. One of the primary metabolites of the propylene glycol ethers is propylene glycol, which is of low toxicity and completely metabolized in the body.

1-Methoxy-2-propanol; PGME; 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol; polypropylene glycol methyl ether; propylene glycol 1-methyl ether; PM; (+/-)-1-methoxy-2-propanol; 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane; Methoxy Propanol; 2-Methoxy- 1 -Methyl Ethanol; cas no: 107-98-2

propan-2-ol, 1-butoxy-; 1-Butoxy-2-propanol; n-Butoxypropanol CAS NO:5131-66-8

SYNONYMS 2-Hydroxypropyl stearate; Propylene Glycol Stearate1,2-Propanediol monooctadecanoate; Propylene glycol octadecanoate; Monosteol; Propylene glycol stearic acid ester; CAS NO:1323-39-3

Propylheptyl caprylate; 2-propylheptyl Octanoate; 2-Propylheptyl caprylate; 868839-23-0; Cetiol Sensoft cas no: 868839-23-0

Propylene glycolmonopropyl ether; Propylene glycol propyl ether; propyl propasol; 1-Propoxy-2-propanol; Propasol solvent P; 1-propoxy-2-propanol; CAS NO: 1569-01-3

PROTEASE, N° CAS : 9001-92-7, Nom INCI : PROTEASE, proteaz, Nom chimique : Proteinase, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-642-4. Classification : Enzymes. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : Protéase; Protéase d'origine bactérienne. Noms anglais : BACTERIAL PROTEASE; PROTEASE; PROTEINASE

Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester; Propylis parahydroxybenzoas; Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; n-Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Propylparasept; Propyl Butex; CAS NO: 94-13-3

Chemical name: Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate INCI designation: Propylparaben Product properties *) Appearance (20°C) White, almost white crystalline powder. Chemical and physical data Melting point: 96 - 98 oC Assayacc. BP/PH.Eur: 98.0 - 102.0 % PROPYL PARABEN Name: Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate CAS: 94-13-3 Molecular Formula: C10H12O3 Molecular Weight: 180.201 EC / List no.: 202-307-7 CAS no.: 94-13-3 PROPYL PARABEN is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries and topical pharmaceuticals. PROPYL PARABEN is suitable for both rinse-off and leave-on formulations. PROPYLPARABEN is freely soluble in most oils, waxes, fatty alcohols, but has relatively low solubility in water. Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects, although it is manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. PROPYL PARABEN is a member of the class of parabens. PROPYL PARABEN is a preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and bath products. PROPYL PARABEN is a a food additive, it has the E number E216. Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of propylparaben, a compound with formula Na(C3H7(C6H4COO)O), is also used similarly as a food additive and as an anti-fungal preservation agent. Its E number is E217. In 2010 the European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety stated that it considered the use of butylparaben and propylparaben as preservatives in finished cosmetic products as safe to the consumer, as long as the sum of their individual concentrations does not exceed 0.19%. IUPAC name Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Other names 4-Hydroxybenzoesäurepropylester Propyl paraben Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Propyl parahydroxybenzoate Nipasol E216 Identifiers CAS Number 94-13-3 Uses PROPYL PARABEN is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designedfor preservation of a wide range of cosmetics,toiletries and topical pharmaceuticals. PROPYLPARABEN is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Applications Typical use concentrations of PROPYLPARABEN is 0.1 – 0.3 %. Combinations of p- Hydroxybenzoic acid esters, e.g.with Nipagin M, Nipagin A or Nipabutyl exhibit increased activity compared with individual esters. Incorporation PROPYL PARABEN is freely soluble in most oils, waxes, fatty alcohols, but have relatively low solubility in water. The low aqueous solubility does not affect the microbiological efficacy of the esters. Most formulations requiring preservation contain a significant amount of water. This may mean that PROPYL PARABEN cannot readily be added directly to the formulation. Other methods of incorporation are quite straightforward however, and are listed below. Dissolving in water The solubility of PROPYL PARABEN increases greatly as the temperature of the water rises. Therefore a concentrate may be made up by heating an appropriate quantity of water to 60- 100 °C prior to addition of PROPYL PARABEN. This concentrate may then be added to the formulation, provided that the ester concentration does not exceed its solubility in the formulation at normal ambient temperatures. Dissolving in organic solvents PROPYL PARABEN is readily soluble in polar organic solvents. Where such a solvent is already part of a formulation an PROPYL PARABEN concentrate may be made up prior to addition. If a suitable solvent is not already part of the formulation, a highly concentrated solution may be made up e.g. 32 % in Ethanol, which would give insignificant residual levels of ethanol in the end product. Solubilisation in oils, emulsifiers etc. PROPYLPARABEN is readily soluble in lipophilic ingredients and may be introduced to a formulation by adding to the oil phase with some warming before any emulsification stage. In multiphase systems, such as emulsions, it is often advisable to use a combination of aqueous dissolution with either of the other methods to ensure adequate preservation. The ester may be incorporated in the water to its maximum solubility and any further quantities may be dissolved in the oil phase, or solvent, as appropriate. pH stability PROPYL PARABEN remains fully stable over a wide pH range from 4- 8. In general the lower the pH of the formulation, the more active is PROPYL PARABEN. That can result in a lower use concentration when the pH of the formulation is more acidic. Temperature stability PROPYL PARABEN is stable up to 80 °C. Solubility The solubility of PROPYL PARABEN in different solvents is illustrated in the following table. Solvent % (w/w) Water 10 °C 0.018 Water 25 °C 0.04 Water 80 °C 0.45 Water 100 °C 0.7 Acetone 51 Methanol 50 Ethanol 50 Propylene Glycol 29 Glycerol 1.0 Vegetable oils (arachis) 1.4 Liquid paraffin 0.033 Microbial Activity PROPYL PARABEN exhibits microbiostatic activity against a wide range of bacteria, yeast and mould. This is illustrated by the following table which shows the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PROPYL PARABEN against examples of different groups of microorganisms. Microorganisms MIC level (%) Gram Negative Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.08 Escherichia coli 0.04 Klebsiella aerogenes 0.04 Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.025 Serratia marcescens 0.04 Proteus vulgaris 0.025 Salmonella enteritidis 0.04 Salmonella typhi 0.06 Microorganisms MIC level (%) Gram Positive Bacteria Stpahylococcus aureus 0.04 Streptococcus haemolyticus 0.04 Bacillus cereus 0.025 Bacillus subtilis 0.025 Lactobacillus buchneri 0.025 Yeasts Candida albicans 0.013 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.013 Molds Aspergillus niger 0.02 Penicillium digitatum 0.006 Rhizopus nigricans 0.013 Storage instructions PROPYL PARABEN must be stored in tighly closed container in a cool, well- ventilated, dry place. Further information on handling, storage and dispatch is given in the EC safety data sheet. Propylparaben is the benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also Propylparaben is used as a food additive. Propylparaben has a role as an antifungal agent and an antimicrobial agent. Propylparaben is a benzoate ester, a member of phenols and a paraben. Propylparaben derives from a propan-1-ol and a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate appears as colorless crystals or white powder or chunky white solid. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate has a melting point 95-98°C. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate has hdorless or faint aromatic odor. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate has low toxicity and it is tasteless. pH: 6.5-7.0 (slightly acidic) in solution. Propylparaben. PROPYL PARABEN by Clariant is a propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate. PROPYL PARABEN acts as a preservative. PROPYL PARABEN is a long-chain Paraben for higher efficacy and less water solubility. PROPYL PARABEN is used in shampoos, shower products, liquid soap, decorative cosmetics, syndet, bar soaps, wet wipes, hair conditioners, hair styling products, creams, lotions, antiperspirants and deodorants. Synonyms 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester; Aseptoform P; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester; Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, propyl ester; Betacide P; Betacine P; Bonomold OP; Chemacide PK; Chemocide PK; Nipagin P; Nipasol; PROPYL PARABEN; Nipasol P; Nipazol; Paraben; Parasept; Paseptol; Preserval P; Propagin; Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Propyl Parasept; Propyl aseptoform; Propyl butex; Propyl chemosept; Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Propyl paraben; Propyl parahydroxybenzoate; Propylester kyseliny p-hydroxybenzoove [Czech]; Propylparasept; Protaben P; Pulvis conservans (VAN); Solbrol P; Tegosept P; n-Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; p-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester; p-Hydroxybenzoic propyl ester; p-Hydroxypropyl benzoate; p-Oxybenzoesaurepropylester [German]; [ChemIDplus] 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Propylparaben Chemical properties Propylparaben is a colorless and fine crystalline or white crystalline powder, almost odorless and with slightly astringent. Propylparaben is soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone and other organic solvents Propylparaben is slightly soluble in water. Uses 1. Propylparaben is used as preservatives and antioxidants, and also used in the pharmaceutical industry 2. Propylparaben is used as the antimicrobial preservative in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics 3. Propylparaben is used as antiseptic and antimicrobial. 5. Propylparaben is used as the preservatives of food, cosmetics and medicines. Content analysis Same with Method 1 in "Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate (07002)". In calculation, per mL of 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide corresponds to 180.2mg of this goods (C10Hl2O8). Toxicity Adl 0-10 mg/kg (FAO/WHO, 2001). LD50 3.7g/kg (mouse, oral). GRAS (FDA, § 184.1670, 2000). Production methods Propylparaben can be derived from the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol. First mix p-hydroxybenzoic acid with propanol and heat to dissolve. Then add sulfuric acid slowly and continue to heat for 8h of refluxion. After cooling, pour them into the 4% sodium carbonate solution for precipitation and crystallization. Filtrate and wash to neutral to obtain the crude product. After further ethanol recrystallization, the finished products are obtained. In the preparation, the cation exchange resin can be used in place of the sulfuric acid catalyst. It can be derived from the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. Add p-hydroxybenzoic acid and n-propanol in turn to the esterification reactor, and heat to dissolve. Add concentrated sulfuric acid slowly and heat for 8h of refluxion. Pour the reaction solution into 4% sodium carbonate solution before it is cooled. Constantly stir for precipitation and crystallization. Then the crude product can be obtained after centrifugal filtration and washed to neutral. Finally the finished product is acquired after activated carbon decolorization and ethanol recrystallization. The method of preparing ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate can also be used as a reference. HOC6H4COOH + C3H7OH [H2SO4] → HOC6H4COOC3H7 + H2O Chemical Properties White or almost white, crystalline powder. Chemical Properties Propylparaben occurs as a white, crystalline, odorless, and tasteless powder. Chemical Properties Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate is almost odorless. Uses propylparaben is one of the most frequently used preservatives against bacteria and mold. It has a low sensitizing and low toxicity factor, is reputed to be very safe, and considered to be a noncomedogenic raw material. Uses An antimicrobial Uses Pharmaceutic aid (antifungal). Antimicrobial preservative in foods and cosmetics. Definition ChEBI: The benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Propylparaben is a Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Propyl paraben is also used as a food additive. Production Methods Propylparaben is prepared by the esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with n-propanol. Preparation Produced by esterfying p-hydroxybenzoic acid with n-propanol, using an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid and an excess of propanol. The materials are heated in a glass-lined reactor under reflux. The acid is then neutralized with caustic soda and the product is crystallized by cooling. The crystallized product is centrifuged, washed, dried under vacuum, milled and blended, all in corrosion-resistant equipment to avoid metallic contamination. Aroma threshold values Detection: 20 ppb General Description Colorless crystals or white powder or chunky white solid. Melting point 95-98°C. Odorless or faint aromatic odor. Propylparaben has low toxicity and it is Tasteless (numbs the tongue). pH: 6.5-7.0 (slightly acidic) in solution. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble [Hawley]. Reactivity Profile Maximum stability of Propylparaben occurs at a pH of 4 to 5. Incompatible with alkalis and iron salts. Also incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids . Fire Hazard Flash point data for Propylparaben are not available; however, Propylparaben is probably combustible. Pharmaceutical Applications Propylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations. It may be used alone, in combination with other paraben esters, or with other antimicrobial agents. It is one of the most frequently used preservatives in cosmetics. The parabens are effective over a wide pH range and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, although they are most effective against yeasts and molds. Owing to the poor solubility of the parabens, the paraben salts, particularly the sodium salt, are frequently used in formulations. This may cause the pH of poorly buffered formulations to become more alkaline. Propylparaben (0.02% w/v) together with methylparaben (0.18% w/v) has been used for the preservation of various parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. Contact allergens This substance is one of the parabens family. Parabens are esters formed by p-hydroxybenzoic acid and an alcohol. They are largely used as biocides in cosmetics and toiletries, medicaments, or food. They have synergistic power with other biocides. Parabens can induce allergic contact dermatitis, mainly in chronic dermatitis and wounded skin. Safety Propylparaben and other parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics, food products, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations. Propylparaben and methylparaben have been used as preservatives in injections and ophthalmic preparations; however, they are now generally regarded as being unsuitable for these types of formulations owing to the irritant potential of the parabens. Systemically, no adverse reactions to parabens have been reported, although they have been associated with hypersensitivity reactions. The WHO has set an estimated acceptable total daily intake for methyl, ethyl, and propyl parabens at up to 10 mg/kg body-weight. LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.2 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 6.33 g/kg LD50 (mouse, SC): 1.65 g/kg storage Aqueous propylparaben solutions at pH 3–6 can be sterilized by autoclaving, without decomposition. At pH 3–6, aqueous solutions are stable (less than 10% decomposition) for up to about 4 years at room temperature, while solutions at pH 8 or above are subject to rapid hydrolysis (10% or more after about 60 days at room temperature). Incompatibilities The antimicrobial activity of propylparaben is reduced considerably in the presence of nonionic surfactants as a result of micellization. Absorption of propylparaben by plastics has been reported, with the amount absorbed dependent upon the type of plastic and the vehicle. Magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium trisilicate, yellow iron oxide, and ultramarine blue have also been reported to absorb propylparaben, thereby reducing preservative efficacy. Propylparaben is discolored in the presence of iron and is subject to hydrolysis by weak alkalis and strong acids.

HYDROLYZED SILK, Protein hydrolyzates, silk; Protein Hydrolysate, Silk; Silk hydrolysedN° CAS : 96690-41-4 - Protéïne de soie hydrolysée. Autres langues : Hydrolysierte Seide, Seda hidrolizada, Seta idrolizzata. Nom INCI : HYDROLYZED SILK, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 306-235-8. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

WHEY PROTEIN, N° CAS : 84082-51-9 - Protéines de lactosérum. Nom INCI : WHEY PROTEIN. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

MILK PROTEIN, N° CAS : 91053-68-8 - Protéines de lait, Autres langues : Milch eiweiß, Proteine del latte, Proteína láctea. Nom INCI : MILK PROTEIN. Nom chimique : Lactis Proteinum (EU),Proteins, Milk. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

HYDROLYZED MILK PROTEIN, N° CAS : 92797-39-2 - Protéines de lait hydrolysée. Autres langues : Hydrolysiertes Milchprotein, Proteine del latte idrolizzate, Proteína de leche hidrolizada, Nom INCI : HYDROLYZED MILK PROTEIN, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 296-575-2. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

HYDROLYZED SOY PROTEIN, N° CAS : 68607-88-5 - Protéines de soja hydrolysées. Nom INCI : HYDROLYZED SOY PROTEIN, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 271-770-5. Ses fonctions (INCI), Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

PANTHENOL, N° CAS : 81-13-0 / 16485-10-2 - Provitamine B5 (acide panthothénique), Autres langues : Provitamin B5, Provitamina B5. Nom INCI : PANTHENOL. Nom chimique : Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (2R)-; dl-Panthenol. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-327-3 / 240-540-6. 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide , alcopan-250, bepanthen. Noms français : (R)-2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXY-PROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTANAMIDE; 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTANAMIDE 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)3,3-DIMETHYL BUTYRAMIDE; BUTANAMIDE, 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYL-, (R)-BUTYRAMIDE, 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYL-, D-(+)-; D(+)-ALPHA, GAMMA-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-BETA, BETA-DIMETHYL-BUTYRAMIDE; D(+)-ALPHA, GAMMA-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-BETA, BETA-DIMETHYLBUTYRAMIDE; D-(+)-2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTYRAMIDE; N-(HYDROXY-3 PROPYL) DIHYDROXY-2,4 DIMETHYL-3,3 BUTANAMIDE; N-PANTOYL-3-PROPANOLAMINE; PANTOTHENOL; PROPANOLAMINE, N-PANTOYL-; Noms anglais :D(+)-PANTHENOL; D(+)-PANTOTHENYL ALCOHOL; D-PANTHENOL; D-PANTOTHENOL; D-PANTOTHENYL ALCOHOL; DEXPANTHENOL; PANTHENOL; PANTHENOL, (+)-; PANTOTHENYL ALCOHOL; PANTOTHENYLOL; PROVITAMIN B. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Additif alimentaire, agent antiseptique ; bepantol , dexpanthenolum;DL-2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide ;DL-panthenol ;DL-pantothenol ;DL-pantothenyl alcohol ;fancol DL ;ilopan ;intrapan ;N-pantoyl-3;propanolamine ;N-pantoyl-propanolamine ;panadon ;pantenolo ;panthenol ;panthoderm ;pantol ;pantothenol ;penthenol ;propanolamine, N-pantoyl- ;provitamin B ;synapan ;urupan ;varitan. Le panthénol est un alcool très utilisé en cosmétique. Ce principe actif entre dans la formulation des shampoings et après-shampoings pour rendre les cheveux brillants et souples. Le panthénol améliore l'hydratation, réduit les démangeaisons et l'inflammation de la peau. Il accélère et améliore la cicatrisation des plaies épidermiques. Il est souvent utilisé dans les produits de traitement des coups de soleil. Lorsque le panthénol est appliqué localement, il pénètre dans les couches inférieures de la peau, est absorbé par les cellules de la peau et transformé en acide pantothénique (appelé plus communément vitamine B5). C'est cette pénétration qui permet une hydratation essentielle.Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

DL-Pantothenyl alcohol; (±)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric 3-hydroxypropylamide; (±)-alpha,gamma-Dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-beta,beta-dimethylbutyramide; CAS NO: 16485-10-2

PANTHENOL, N° CAS : 81-13-0 / 16485-10-2 - Provitamine B5 (acide panthothénique), Autres langues : Provitamin B5, Provitamina B5. Nom INCI : PANTHENOL. Nom chimique : Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (2R)-; dl-Panthenol. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-327-3 / 240-540-6. 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide , alcopan-250, bepanthen. Noms français : (R)-2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXY-PROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTANAMIDE; 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTANAMIDE 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)3,3-DIMETHYL BUTYRAMIDE; BUTANAMIDE, 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYL-, (R)-BUTYRAMIDE, 2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYL-, D-(+)-; D(+)-ALPHA, GAMMA-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-BETA, BETA-DIMETHYL-BUTYRAMIDE; D(+)-ALPHA, GAMMA-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-BETA, BETA-DIMETHYLBUTYRAMIDE; D-(+)-2,4-DIHYDROXY-N-(3-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTYRAMIDE; N-(HYDROXY-3 PROPYL) DIHYDROXY-2,4 DIMETHYL-3,3 BUTANAMIDE; N-PANTOYL-3-PROPANOLAMINE; PANTOTHENOL; PROPANOLAMINE, N-PANTOYL-; Noms anglais :D(+)-PANTHENOL; D(+)-PANTOTHENYL ALCOHOL; D-PANTHENOL; D-PANTOTHENOL; D-PANTOTHENYL ALCOHOL; DEXPANTHENOL; PANTHENOL; PANTHENOL, (+)-; PANTOTHENYL ALCOHOL; PANTOTHENYLOL; PROVITAMIN B. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Additif alimentaire, agent antiseptique ; bepantol , dexpanthenolum;DL-2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide ;DL-panthenol ;DL-pantothenol ;DL-pantothenyl alcohol ;fancol DL ;ilopan ;intrapan ;N-pantoyl-3;propanolamine ;N-pantoyl-propanolamine ;panadon ;pantenolo ;panthenol ;panthoderm ;pantol ;pantothenol ;penthenol ;propanolamine, N-pantoyl- ;provitamin B ;synapan ;urupan ;varitan. Le panthénol est un alcool très utilisé en cosmétique. Ce principe actif entre dans la formulation des shampoings et après-shampoings pour rendre les cheveux brillants et souples. Le panthénol améliore l'hydratation, réduit les démangeaisons et l'inflammation de la peau. Il accélère et améliore la cicatrisation des plaies épidermiques. Il est souvent utilisé dans les produits de traitement des coups de soleil. Lorsque le panthénol est appliqué localement, il pénètre dans les couches inférieures de la peau, est absorbé par les cellules de la peau et transformé en acide pantothénique (appelé plus communément vitamine B5). C'est cette pénétration qui permet une hydratation essentielle.Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Proxel LV — противомикробное средство и фармацевтический промежуточный продукт.
Proxel LV легко растворяется в большинстве органических растворителей и растворим в горячей воде.
Proxel LV присутствует в консервных цементах.


Номер CAS: 2634-33-5, 1310-73-2
Номер ЕС: 220-120-9
Номер леев: MFCD00127753
Тип продукта: Консерванты/биоциды/фунгициды
Химический состав: 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он в дипропиленгликоле.
Химическая формула: C7H5NOS.



СИНОНИМЫ:
Canguard BIT 20DPG, Proxel BD 20, Proxel XL, Proxel BD, Canguard BIT 20AS-E, Proxel AQ, 1,2-бензотиазол-3-он, BIT 20, GXL, Парметол B 70, Denicide BIT, Proxel Ultra 5, 1 ,2-бензотиазолон, Коралон B 119, BIT 10W, Бензо[d]изотиазол-3(2H)-он, 1,2-бензоизотиазол-3-он, Nuosept 491, Proxel Press Paste D, Nuosept 485, Acticide BW 20, Proxel GXL, 3-гидрокси-1,2-бензотиазол, бензизотиазолон, AQ, бензизотиазолин-3-он, деницид BIT 20N, Mergal 753, нипацид BIT 20, Proxel BDN, Proxel HL 2, парметол D 11, бензизотиазолинон, Apizas AP- DS, SD 202, Proxel PL, Acticide BIT, AQ (антибактериальный), бензоизотиазол-3-он, 2,3-дигидробензизотиазол-3-он, Acticide B 20N, Bioban BIT 20DPG, Rocima 640, нипацид BIT,1,2- Бензотиазол-3(2H)-он, Nuosept 495, Proxel LV-S, Proxel LV, Troysan 1050, Canguard BIT, бензоцил, Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE, Proxel CF, Nipacide BIT 10W, Proxel TN, Topcide 600, San-aibac AP , 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он (6CI,7CI,8CI), Preventol BIT 20D, BIT, Proxel GXL(S), Canguard BIT 20DPG, Proxel BD 20, Proxel XL, Proxel BD, Canguard BIT 20AS-E, Proxel AQ, 1,2-Бензизотиазол-3-он, BIT 20, GXL, Парметол B 70, Деницид BIT, Proxel Ultra 5, 1,2-Бензизотиазолон, Коралон B 119, BIT 10W, Бензо[d]изотиазол-3( 2H)-он, 1,2-бензоизотиазол-3-он, Nuosept 491, Proxel Press Paste D, Nuosept 485, Acticide BW 20, Proxel GXL, 3-гидрокси-1,2-бензотиазол, бензизотиазолон, AQ, бензизотиазолин-3 -one, Denicide BIT 20N, Mergal 753, Nipacide BIT 20, Proxel BDN, Proxel HL 2, Parmetol D 11, бензизотиазолинон, Apizas AP-DS, SD 202, Proxel PL, Acticide BIT, AQ (антибактериальный), бензоизотиазол-3- один, 2,3-Дигидробензизотиазол-3-он, Актицид B 20N, Bioban BIT 20DPG, Rocima 640, Нипацид BIT, 1,2-Бензизотиазол-3(2H)-он, Nuosept 495, Proxel LV-S, Proxel LV, Troysan 1050, Canguard BIT, бензоцил, Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE, Proxel CF, Nipacide BIT 10W, Proxel TN, Topcide 600, San-aibac AP, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он (6CI,7CI,8CI), Preventol BIT 20D, BIT, Proxel GXL(S), Proxel XL, 2,3-дигидро-3-оксо-1,2-бензотиазол, бензоцил, проксан, 1,2-бензотиазол-3-он, 1,2-бензотиазол-3 (2H)-он, проксель, Проксел AB, прокселпл, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, PROXELHL, проксил, 1,2-бензоизотиазолин-3-он, БИОЦИД--БИТ, 1,2-Бензизотиазол-3( 2H)-он, 2634-33-5, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-бензотиазол-3-он, бензизотиазолон, Бензо[d]изотиазол-3(2H)-он, Бензо[d] изотиазол-3-он, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, Проксель, Проксель PL, бензоизотиазол-3-он, 1,2-БЕНЗИЗОТИАЗОЛ-3-ОН, Бензо[d]изотиазол-3-ол, 2,3 -дигидро-1,2-бензотиазол-3-он, бензизотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-бензоизотиазолин-3-он, нипацид БИТ, Proxel AB, 3-гидрокси-1,2-бензотиазол, C7H5NOS, IPX, CHEBI :167099, HRA0F1A4R3, 1,2-бензоизотиазолин-3-он, DTXSID5032523, 2-тиобензимид, SD 202 (бактерицид), UNII-HRA0F1A4R3, химический код пестицида EPA 098901, DB-027306, BIT-85, бензоизотиазолон BIT, , АК (антибактериальный), Rocima 640, 1,2-бензотиазол-3(2H)-он, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-Бензизотиазолинон, 2-Тиобензимид, Бензизотиазолон, Бензо[D]изотиазол-3-он, C7H5NOS, IPX, Проксан, Проксел, Проксель PL, 1,2-Бензизотиазол-3(2H)-он, 3-Гидрокси- 1,2-бензизотиазол, актицид BIT, Apizas AP-DS, BIT, бензизотиазолон, бензо[d]изотиазол-3(2H)-он, бензоцил, Bestcide 200K, Bioban BIT 20DPG, Canguard BIT, Canguard BIT 20DPG, Proxel BD, Topcide 600, Canguard BIT 20DPG, Proxel BD 20, Proxel XL, Proxel BD, Canguard BIT 20AS-E, Proxel AQ, 1,2-бензотиазол-3-он, BIT 20, GXL, Парметол B 70, Denicide BIT, Proxel Ultra 5, 1,2-бензотиазолон, Коралон B 119, BIT 10W, Бензо[d]изотиазол-3(2H)-он, 1,2-бензоизотиазол-3-он, Nuosept 491, Proxel Press Paste D, Nuosept 485, актицид BW 20, Proxel GXL, 3-гидрокси-1,2-бензотиазол, бензизотиазолон, AQ, бензизотиазолин-3-он, Denicide BIT 20N, Mergal 753, нипацид BIT 20, Proxel BDN, Proxel HL 2, парметол D 11, бензизотиазолинон, Apizas AP-DS, SD 202, Proxel PL, Acticide BIT, AQ (антибактериальный), бензоизотиазол-3-он, 2,3-дигидробензизотиазол-3-он, Acticide B 20N, Bioban BIT 20DPG, Rocima 640, Nipacide BIT, 1 ,2-Бензизотиазол-3(2H)-он, Nuosept 495, Proxel LV-S, Proxel LV, Troysan 1050, Canguard BIT, Бензоцил, Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE, Proxel CF, Nipacide BIT 10W, Proxel TN, Topcide 600, San -айбак AP, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он (6CI,7CI,8CI), Preventol BIT 20D, BIT, Proxel GXL(S), 1,2-бензотиазол-3(2H)-он, 1,2- Бензотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-Бензизотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-Бензизотиазолинон, 1,2-Бензизотиазол-3(2H)-он, 1,2-Бензизотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-Бензизотиазолон , 3-Гидрокси-1,2-бензотиазол, Proxel PL, Proxel Press Paste, Proxel XL 2, Proxel AB, Proxel GXL, Topcide 600, San-aibac AP, Proxel BDN, Proxel BD 20, 1,2-бензоизотиазол-3 -, 1,2-БИТ, бензизотиазолон, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, 2,3-дигидро-3-оксо-1,2-бензотиазол, бензизотиазолон, БИ, BIT, IPX, Proxel, бензизотиазолинон, 1,2-бензотиазолинон, 2-тиобензимид, бензо[D]изотиазол-3-он, C7H5NOS, проксан, Proxel PL, 1,2-бензотиазол-3(2H)-он, Canguard BIT 20DPG, Proxel BD 20, Proxel XL, Proxel BD, Canguard BIT 20AS-E, Proxel AQ, 1,2-бензотиазол-3-он, BIT 20, GXL, Парметол B 70, Denicide BIT, Proxel Ultra 5, 1,2 -Бензизотиазолон, Коралон B 119, BIT 10W, Бензо[d]изотиазол-3(2H)-он, 1,2-бензоизотиазол-3-он, Nuosept 491, Proxel Press Paste D, Nuosept 485, Acticide BW 20, Proxel GXL , 3-гидрокси-1,2-бензизотиазол, бензизотиазолон, AQ, бензизотиазолин-3-он, деницид BIT 20N, Mergal 753, нипацид BIT 20, Proxel BDN, Proxel HL 2, парметол D 11, бензизотиазолинон, Apizas AP-DS, SD 202, Proxel PL, Acticide BIT, AQ (антибактериальный), бензоизотиазол-3-он, 2,3-дигидробензизотиазол-3-он, Acticide B 20N, Bioban BIT 20DPG, Rocima 640, нипацид BIT, 1,2-бензотиазол- 3(2H)-one, Nuosept 495, Proxel LV-S, Proxel LV, Troysan 1050, Canguard BIT, Бензоцил, Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE, Proxel CF, Nipacide BIT 10W, Proxel TN, Topcide 600, San-aibac AP, 1 ,2-Бензизотиазолин-3-он (6CI,7CI,8CI), Preventol BIT 20D, BIT, Proxel GXL(S), 1,2-Бензизотиазол-3(2H)-он, 1,2-Бензизотиазолин-3-он , 1,2-Бензизотиазолон, 3-Гидрокси-1,2-бензотиазол, Proxel PL, Proxel Press Paste, Proxel XL 2, Proxel AB, Proxel GXL, Topcide 600, San-aibac AP, Proxel BDN, Proxel BD 20, 1 ,2-бензоизотиазол-3-он, XBINX, Proxel BD, бензизотиазолон, Proxel CF, 1,2-бензотиазол-3-он, Proxel TN, Bestcide 200K, Parmetol B 70, BIT, Proxel LV-S, Proxel Press Paste D , Apizas AP-DS, Proxel HL 2, Бензоцил, Denicide BIT, SD 202, Nuosept 495, Nipacide BIT 20, Nuosept 491, Nipacide BIT, Canguard BIT, Nuosept 485, SD 202 (бактерицид), Бензо[d]изотиазол-3 (2H)-он, Denicide BIT 20N, Acticide BIT, Бензоизотиазол-3-он, Bioban BIT 20DPG, Canguard BIT 20DPG, Proxel Ultra 5, Parmetol D 11, Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE, Koralone B 119, 2,3-дигидробензизотиазол- 3-он, бензизотиазолин-3-он, GXL, Превентол BIT 20D, Тройсан 1050, Актицид BW 20, BIT 20, Нипацид BIT 10W, BIT 10W, Proxel XL, AQ, AQ (антибактериальный), Proxel GXL(S), Canguard BIT 20AS-E, Acticide B 20N, Bioban Ultra Bit, Rocima 640, Proxel LV, Proxel AQ, бензизотиазолинон, Mergal 753, катион BIT 20, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он, 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-он , Актицид B 20, B 20, Bioban Ultra BIT 20, Microcave BIT, Nuosept BIT Технический, Promex 20D, Colipa P 96, BIT 20LE, Proxel K, 2,3-дигидро-1,2-бензотиазол-3-он, Proxel XL-II, Proxel XL 11, Biox P 520W, Nuosept 498G, P 520W, BIT 521, BIT 665, XL 2, Acticide BIT 20N, Preventol BIT 20N, AZVIII 40A, Nipacide BIT 40, Lamfix SK, 40991-37-5 , 54392-14-2, 75037-67-1, 101964-01-6, 552320-00-0, 919284-21-2, 934197-15-6, 1094749-54-8, 1148150-72-4, 1376937 -61-9, 1399460-92-4, 1623463-70-6, 1813531-93-9, 2376801-76-0



Proxel LV — биоцид широкого спектра действия для консервации промышленных продуктов на водной основе от порчи, вызываемой бактериями, дрожжами и грибками.
Хорошая растворимость Proxel LV в воде позволяет легко добавлять его в высоких концентрациях.
Водный щелочной раствор Proxel LV.


Proxel LV не содержит летучих органических соединений и растворителей.
В поставляемой форме Proxel LV имеет цвет от светло-желтого до желтого, что особенно полезно для применений, в которых необходимо исключить риск изменения цвета.


Proxel LV — противомикробное средство и фармацевтический промежуточный продукт.
Proxel LV легко растворяется в большинстве органических растворителей и растворим в горячей воде.
Proxel LV присутствует в консервных цементах.


На основании обзора литературы о Proxel LV было опубликовано значительное количество статей.
Proxel LV принадлежит к классу органических соединений, известных как бензотиазолы.
Это органические соединения, содержащие бензол, конденсированный с тиазольным кольцом (пятичленным кольцом с четырьмя атомами углерода, одним атомом азота и одним атомом серы).


Биоцид Proxel LV — это микробицид широкого спектра действия для защиты промышленных продуктов на водной основе от воздействия микроорганизмов.
Состав БИТ-20 представляет собой 20% раствор 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-она в дипропиленгликоле и воде.
Proxel LV представляет собой органическое гетеробициклическое соединение на основе конденсированного бициклического кольцевого скелета 1,2-тиазола и бензола, в котором атом S расположен рядом с одним из положений слияния колец.


Proxel LV играет роль дезинфицирующего средства, ингибитора агрегации тромбоцитов, загрязнителя окружающей среды, ксенобиотика, лекарственного аллергена и сенсибилизатора.
Proxel LV представляет собой азоторганическое гетероциклическое соединение и органическое гетеробициклическое соединение.
Proxel LV представляет собой органическое соединение формулы C6H4SN(H)CO.


Проксель LV представляет собой белое твердое вещество, структурно связанное с изотиазолом и принадлежащее к классу молекул, называемых изотиазолинонами.
Proxel LV — биоцид широкого спектра действия для консервации промышленных продуктов на водной основе от порчи, вызываемой бактериями, дрожжами и грибками.
Proxel LV представляет собой 20% водный раствор 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-она в дипропиленгликоле.


Промышленный биоцид Proxel LV присутствует в консервных цементах. 1,2-Бензизотиазол-3(2H)-он принадлежит к семейству бензотиазолов.
Это органические соединения, содержащие бензол, конденсированный с тиазольным кольцом (пятичленное кольцо с четырьмя атомами углерода, одним атомом азота и одним атомом серы).


Proxel LV — желтый порошок.
Proxel LV представляет собой органическое гетеробициклическое соединение на основе конденсированного бициклического кольцевого скелета 1,2-тиазола и бензола, в котором атом S расположен рядом с одним из положений слияния колец.


Proxel LV играет роль дезинфицирующего средства, ингибитора агрегации тромбоцитов, загрязнителя окружающей среды, ксенобиотика, лекарственного аллергена и сенсибилизатора.
Proxel LV представляет собой азоторганическое гетероциклическое соединение и органическое гетеробициклическое соединение.
Proxel LV является основным промышленным стерилизующим, антикоррозийным и антиферментным средством.


Proxel LV является основным промышленным стерилизующим, антикоррозийным и антиферментным средством.
Proxel LV обладает выдающимся подавлением плесени (грибков, бактерий), водорослей и других микроорганизмов в роли размножения органических сред, для решения микробного размножения органических продуктов, вызванных плесенью, ферментацией, порчей, деэмульгацией и рядом вопросов. .


Proxel LV представляет собой простое производное изотиазолинона.
Благодаря хорошей термической стабильности (температура термического разложения выше 300 ℃ ) Proxel LV полезен для предотвращения коррозии.
Более того, благодаря своим преимуществам, таким как высокая эффективность, низкая токсичность и легкая деградация, Proxel LV привлек широкое внимание экспертов в области биологии, медицины и химии.


Proxel LV представляет собой водно-гликолевый препарат с биоцидным активным ингредиентом бензизотиазолиноном и обладает широким спектром действия против бактерий, плесневых грибов и дрожжей.
Proxel LV поставляется в форме от бледно-желтого до желтого и особенно подходит там, где нет риска изменения цвета.


Proxel LV имеет низкую летучесть, хорошую термостабильность, гибкость в использовании.
Proxel LV — это препаративный раствор воды и спирта, активным ингредиентом которого является бензизотиазолинон, который оказывает широкий спектр действия на бактерии, плесень и дрожжи.


Proxel LV представляет собой агент пролонгированного действия Диурон, водную дисперсию ИПБЦ и пропиконазола.
Proxel LV — консервант на основе бензизотиазолинона.
Proxel LV растворим в дихлорметане, диметилсульфоксиде, метаноле.


Proxel LV представляет собой органическое соединение формулы C6H4SN(H)CO.
Proxel LV представляет собой комбинацию мин. 19 % водно-гликолевой раствор 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-она (БИТ).
Proxel LV, известный как бензо[d]изотиазол-3-он, представляет собой органическое гетеробициклическое соединение на основе конденсированного бициклического кольцевого скелета 1,2-тиазола и бензола с атомом S, расположенным рядом с одним из положений слияния колец.


Proxel LV обладает низкой летучестью и хорошей термостабильностью.
Срок годности Proxel LV – 2 года.
Белое твердое вещество Proxel LV структурно связано с изотиазолом и является частью класса молекул, называемых изотиазолинонами.


Хорошая растворимость Proxel LV в воде позволяет легко и без проблем применять его в концентрациях, рекомендованных для консервации.
Proxel LV — это консервант на основе бензизотиазолинона, не содержащий летучих органических соединений, АОХ, формальдегида и растворителей.
Срок годности Proxel LV – один год.


Proxel LV представляет собой органическое гетеробициклическое соединение на основе конденсированного бициклического кольцевого скелета 1,2-тиазола и бензола, в котором атом S расположен рядом с одним из положений слияния колец.
Proxel LV представляет собой азоторганическое гетероциклическое соединение и органическое гетеробициклическое соединение.


Proxel LV — широко используемый биоцид в промышленных и потребительских товарах, обладающий противомикробной активностью в отношении грамположительных и грамотрицательных бактерий.
Данные показывают, что Proxel LV имеет низкую растворимость в воде и быстро разлагается в окружающей среде.


Проксел ЛВ представляет собой водно-гликолевой раствор 1,2-бензотиазолин-3-она (БИТ).
Proxel LV имеет широкий спектр действия.
Proxel LV в основном используется в упаковке, клеях, моющих и дезинфицирующих средствах, солнцезащитных лосьонах, красках и смазках.
Proxel LV, по-видимому, не подвергался тщательному изучению, поэтому данных мало.



ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ PROXEL LV:
Proxel LV эффективен в широком спектре промышленных продуктов на водной основе, таких как синтетические полимерные эмульсии, эмульсионные краски, клеи на водной основе, товары для дома, печатные краски, составы для покрытия бумаги, жидкости для металлообработки, дисперсии сельскохозяйственных пестицидов, а также водные минеральные и водные растворы. пигментные суспензии.


Proxel LV используется в промышленных условиях, например, в решениях для прядения текстиля, обработки кожи, консервации свежих шкур и шкур животных.
Proxel LV используется в сельском хозяйстве в составе пестицидов.


Proxel LV используется при бурении газовых и нефтяных скважин при консервации буровых растворов и пакеровых жидкостей.
В красках Proxel LV обычно используется отдельно или в смеси с метилизотиазолиноном.
Типичные концентрации в продуктах составляют 200–400 ppm в зависимости от области применения и комбинации с другими биоцидами.


По данным исследования, проведенного в Швейцарии, в 2000 году 19% красок, лаков и покрытий содержали Proxel LV.
Доля клеев, герметиков, штукатурок и наполнителей в то время составляла 25%.
Более позднее исследование, проведенное в 2014 году, показывает резкий рост использования красок для дома до 95,8%.


Средства для уборки дома и другие средства по уходу с высоким содержанием воды легко загрязняются микроорганизмами, поэтому изотиазолиноны часто используются в качестве консервантов в этих продуктах, поскольку они хорошо борются с широким спектром бактерий, грибков и дрожжей.
Proxel LV используется при стирке, другом домашнем уходе, уходе за посудой, уходе за тканями, уходе за поверхностями и автомобилем, полиуретановых изделиях, фотографическом лосьоне, производстве бумаги, чернилах, коже, смазочном масле и других продуктах.


Proxel LV является основным промышленным стерилизующим, антикоррозийным и антиэнзимным средством.
Проксел ЛВ применяется в качестве противомикробного средства.
Proxel LV широко используется в промышленности в качестве консерванта в растворах на водной основе, таких как пасты, краски и смазочно-охлаждающие жидкости.


Proxel LV присутствует в разных концентрациях в различных Proxel AB, GXL, CRL, XL2, XL, HL, TN и Mergal K-10.
Proxel LV широко используется в высоких концентрациях для контроля роста микробов во многих бытовых и промышленных процессах, поэтому необходимо оценить его потенциальный экологический риск.


Proxel LV широко используется в качестве консерванта и противомикробного средства.
Proxel LV обладает микробицидным и фунгицидным механизмом действия.
Proxel LV широко используется в качестве консерванта, например: Proxel LV используется в эмульсионных красках, герметиках, лаках, клеях, чернилах и растворах для обработки фотографий, средствах для уборки дома и ухода за автомобилем, стиральных порошках, пятновыводителях и кондиционерах для белья.


Proxel LV является раздражителем, а также сенсибилизатором кожи.
Сообщалось о профессиональном аллергическом контактном дерматите, главным образом, связанном с использованием смазочно-охлаждающих масел и смазочных материалов на предприятиях по производству красок, гончарных форм, производителей акриловых эмульсий, водопроводчиков, принтеров и литопринтеров, производителей бумаги, аналитических лабораторий, резиновых заводов и у сотрудников, производящих освежители воздуха. .


Proxel LV — широко используемый биоцид в промышленных и потребительских товарах, обладающий противомикробной активностью в отношении грамположительных и грамотрицательных бактерий.
Proxel LV в основном используется в упаковке, клеях, моющих и дезинфицирующих средствах, солнцезащитных лосьонах, красках и смазках.


Проксел ЛВ применяется в качестве противомикробного средства.
Proxel LV особенно рекомендуется для консервации полимерных эмульсий, красок и покрытий, клеев и печатных красок.
Таким образом, в развитых странах будут широко использоваться латексные изделия Proxel LV, водорастворимая смола, краска (латексная краска), акриловая кислота, полимер.


Proxel LV используется в качестве подкладок, фотографических лосьонов, бумаги, чернил, кожи, смазочных материалов и других продуктов.
Proxel LV используется в качестве консерванта в производстве, жидкостях для металлообработки, литье керамики, сантехнике, печати и лабораторных анализах.
Proxel LV используется в качестве консерванта в виниловых перчатках.


Во многих случаях Proxel LV можно использовать в качестве единственного консерванта.
В зависимости от условий и применения Proxel LV можно комбинировать с другими биоцидами для повышения фунгицидной эффективности.
Proxel LV отлично подходит для консервирования широкого спектра водных продуктов благодаря своим хорошим свойствам:
- Хорошая стабильность при высоком pH (3-13).
- Хорошая стабильность при высоких температурах


Proxel LV широко используется в лакокрасочной промышленности, смазочно-охлаждающих системах, системах водоснабжения, косметике, товарах для дома.
Наиболее распространенные области применения включают консервацию полимерных латексов и эмульсионных систем, красок на водной основе, покрытий, клеев, эмульсий типа «масло в воде», растворов для прядения тканей, фонтанных растворов, а также для борьбы с бактериями в процессе производства бумаги.


Proxel LV является эффективным консервантом в большинстве водных композиций.
Для защиты от бактериального заражения обычно достаточно концентрации Proxel LV 20% в диапазоне от 0,05 до 0,4%.
Proxel LV – консервант, относящийся к группе изотиазолинонов.


Консервант добавляется в водные продукты для подавления роста бактерий и грибков.
Proxel LV используется для удаления загрязнений и очистки подошв обуви перед входом в чистые помещения, лаборатории и т. д.
Proxel LV используется в средствах личной гигиены и косметике.


Proxel LV действует как дезинфицирующее средство и может использоваться в качестве консерванта.
Proxel LV применяется в качестве консерванта для латексных эмульсий, эмульсионных красок, смазочно-охлаждающих жидкостей и т.п.
Proxel LV используется в средствах личной гигиены и косметике.


Proxel LV действует как дезинфицирующее средство и может использоваться в качестве консерванта.
Proxel LV использовался в CSG, операциях гидроразрыва (ГРП) в качестве промышленного биоцида.
Косметическое применение Proxel LV: противомикробные средства


Proxel LV — основной промышленный стерилизующий, антикоррозионный и антиферментный агент.
Proxel LV эффективно подавляет рост плесени, водорослей и других микроорганизмов в органических средах.
Proxel LV может растворять органические продукты, вызванные ростом микробов.


Ряд проблем, таких как плесень, ферментация, порча, деэмульгация и запах, широко используются в стерилизации, морской защите от обрастания и других областях.
Proxel LV широко используется в латексных изделиях, водорастворимых смолах, покрытиях (латексных красках), акриловой кислоте и полимерах в развитых странах.


Proxel LV — биоцид, предназначенный для консервации промышленных продуктов на водной основе от порчи, вызванной бактериями, дрожжами и грибками.
Рекомендуемая концентрация Proxel LV составляет 0,05–0,25% по массе в клеях на водной основе.


-Пленка содержит антибактериальные биоциды производства Proxel LV для уменьшения роста бактерий.
Коврик просто приклеивается к полу возле входной или выходной двери путем удаления заднего защитного слоя.
Каждый липкий слой мата затем снимается по мере загрязнения, чтобы открыть еще один новый слой.
Каждый слой покрыт высококлеящимся клеем, который удаляет пыль и грязь.


-Общие источники и способы использования Proxel LV:
*Краска и лак
* Бесцветные грунтовки для древесины на водной основе.
*Основные чистящие средства.
* Клей для обоев, тканевый клей
*Клей
*Польский
*Отвердитель
* СОЖ
*Пропитка
*Дезинфицирующие и чистящие средства.
*Влажные салфетки (влажные салфетки)
*Краска
*Чистящие средства



ТИПЫ Proxel LV:
*Консерванты для продукции при хранении.
*Слимициды
*Консерванты для рабочей или смазочно-охлаждающей жидкости.



ПРОИЗВОДСТВО Proxel LV:
Проксель LV получают из дитиосалициловой кислоты после расщепления тионилхлоридом/сульфурилхлоридом, реакции с раствором аммиака и гидроксида натрия и последующей обработки соляной кислотой.



ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА Proxel LV:
*Широкий спектр активности в системах с высоким pH, борьба с бактериями, грибками и дрожжами.
*Стабилен в присутствии аминов.
*Неспецифический механизм действия, приводящий к снижению потенциала устойчивости микробов.
*Простота использования благодаря жидкой форме и хорошей совместимости с большинством водных композиций.
*Отличная производительность при использовании ко-биоцидов, таких как CMI/MI, бронопол или высвобождающих формальдегид, что позволяет повысить производительность и снизить затраты.
*Активный ингредиент нелетуч и обладает сравнительно высокой термостабильностью, что позволяет добавлять его в еще горячие жидкости.
*Активный ингредиент высокой чистоты, о чем свидетельствует его чистый светлый цвет.



ГДЕ НАЙДЕТСЯ Proxel LV?
Proxel LV чаще всего встречается в красках и промышленных продуктах.
Proxel LV можно найти в некоторых типах виниловых и неопреновых перчаток.



АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЕ РОДИТЕЛИ PROXEL LV:
*Бензеноиды
*Тиазолы
*Гетероароматические соединения
*Азациклические соединения
*Органопниктогенные соединения.
*Кислородорганические соединения
*Азоторганические соединения
*Производные углеводородов



ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛИ ПРОКСЕЛА LV:
*1,2-бензотиазол
*Бензеноид
*Гетероароматическое соединение
*Тиазол
*Азол
*Азацикл
*Органическое соединение азота
*Органическое кислородное соединение
*Органопниктогенное соединение.
*Производное углеводородов
*Кислородорганическое соединение
*Азоторганическое соединение
*Ароматическое гетерополициклическое соединение.



ОСНОВНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ PROXEL LV:
*широкий спектр и быстродействующая защита
*отличная эффективность при низкой концентрации
*без летучих органических соединений и растворителей



ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА PROXEL LV:
Молекулярная форма: C7H5NOS
Внешний вид: нет данных
Мол. Вес: 151,19
Хранение: Холодильник при температуре 2–8°C.
Условия доставки: окружающая среда
Приложения:Нет данных
Точка плавления: 154-158°C
Точка кипения: 204,5°C при 760 мм рт.ст.
Температура вспышки: 77,5°C
Молекулярная формула: C7H5NOS.
Молекулярный вес: 151,18600
Плотность: 1,367 г/см3
Молекулярный вес: 151,19
XLogP3-AA: 1,3
Количество доноров водородной связи: 1

Количество акцепторов водородной связи: 2
Количество вращающихся облигаций: 0
Точная масса: 151,00918496.
Моноизотопная масса: 151,00918496.
Топологическая площадь полярной поверхности: 54,4 Å ²
Количество тяжелых атомов: 10
Официальное обвинение: 0
Сложность: 160
Количество атомов изотопа: 0
Определенное количество стереоцентров атома: 0
Неопределенное количество стереоцентров атома: 0
Определенное количество стереоцентров связи: 0
Неопределенное количество стереоцентров связи: 0
Количество единиц ковалентной связи: 1

Соединение канонизировано: Да
Химическая формула: C7H5NOS.
Молярная масса: 151,18 г•моль−1
Внешний вид: белый порошок
Температура плавления: 158 ° C (316 ° F; 431 К) [1]
Растворимость в воде: 1 г/л.
Внешний вид: белый порошок (приблизительно).
Анализ: от 97,00 до 100,00.
Внесен в Кодекс пищевых химикатов: Нет
Температура плавления: от 154,00 до 158,00 °C. @ 0,00 мм рт. ст.
Точка кипения: от 204,00 до 205,00 °C. @ 760,00 мм рт.ст. (расчетное значение)
Давление пара: 0,183000 мм рт. ст. при 25,00 °C. (стандартное восточное время)
Температура вспышки: 172,00 °F. TCC (77,50 °C) (оценка)
logP (н/в): 1,953 (оценка)

Растворим в: воде, 2,143e+004 мг/л при 25 °C (расчетное значение).
Температура плавления: 154-158 °C (лит.).
Температура кипения: 360°C (грубая оценка)
Плотность: 1,2170 (грубая оценка)
давление пара: 0 Па при 25 ℃
показатель преломления: 1,5500 (оценка)
Температура хранения: Хранить в темном месте, запечатанным в сухом месте, при комнатной температуре.
растворимость: Растворим в дихлорметане, диметилсульфоксиде, метаноле.
форма: аккуратная
рка: 10,19±0,20 (прогнозируется)
цвет: от белого до светло-желтого или светло-оранжевого
Растворимость в воде: 1,288 г/л при 20 ℃.
InChIKey: DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0,7 при 20 ℃
Физическое состояние: кристаллическое
Цвет: светло-желтый

Запах: Нет данных
Точка плавления/точка замерзания:
Точка плавления/диапазон: 154–158 °C – лит.
Начальная точка кипения и диапазон кипения: 328,7 °C при примерно 1,013,25 гПа.
Горючесть (твердого тела, газа): Данные отсутствуют.
Верхний/нижний пределы воспламеняемости или взрывоопасности: данные отсутствуют.
Температура вспышки: Не применимо
Температура самовоспламенения: 400 °С
Температура разложения: Данные отсутствуют.
pH: данные отсутствуют
Вязкость
Вязкость, кинематическая: Нет данных.
Вязкость, динамическая: данные отсутствуют.
Растворимость в воде: 1,153 г/л при 20 °C.

Коэффициент распределения: н-октанол/вода:
log Pow: 0,63 - 0,76 при 20 °C Биоаккумуляции не ожидается.
Давление пара: < 0,0001 гПа при 25 °C.
Плотность: Нет данных
Относительная плотность: 1,48 при 20 °C
Характеристики частиц: данные отсутствуют.
Взрывоопасные свойства: данные отсутствуют.
Окислительные свойства: нет
Другая информация по безопасности:
Поверхностное натяжение 72,6 мН/м при 20 °C.
Молекулярная формула: C7H5NOS.
Молярная масса: 151,18

Плотность: 1,367 г/см3
Точка плавления: 154-158 ℃
Точка Болинга: 204,5°C при 760 мм рт. ст.
Температура вспышки: 77,5°C
Давление пара: 0,183 мм рт.ст. при 25°C.
Внешний вид: Желтый порошок
Условия хранения: 2-8 ℃
Индекс преломления: 1,66
лей: MFCD00127753
Температура плавления: 154-158°С.
Растворимость в воде: 3,21 г/л.
логП: 1.24
логП: 1,36
логС: -1,7
pKa (самая сильная кислота): 9,48
pKa (Самый сильный базовый): -8,5

Физиологический заряд: 0
Количество акцепторов водорода: 1
Количество доноров водорода: 1
Площадь полярной поверхности: 29,1 Ų
Количество вращающихся облигаций: 0
Рефракция: 39,51 м³•моль⁻¹
Поляризуемость: 14,49 ų
Количество колец: 2
Биодоступность: Да
Правило пяти: Да
Фильтр Гхоша: Нет
Правило Вебера: Да.
Правило, подобное MDDR: Нет



МЕРЫ ПЕРВОЙ ПОМОЩИ PROXEL LV:
-Описание мер первой помощи:
*Общие советы:
Покажите этот паспорт безопасности материала лечащему врачу.
*При вдыхании:
После ингаляции:
Свежий воздух.
*При попадании на кожу:
Немедленно снимите всю загрязненную одежду.
Промойте кожу водой/душем.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
*В случае зрительного контакта:
После зрительного контакта:
Промойте большим количеством воды.
Немедленно вызвать офтальмолога.
Снимите контактные линзы.
*При проглатывании:
После глотания:
Немедленно дайте пострадавшему выпить воды (максимум два стакана).
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
-Указание на необходимость немедленной медицинской помощи и специального лечения:
Данные недоступны



МЕРЫ ПРИ СЛУЧАЙНОМ ВЫБРОСЕ PROXEL LV:
-Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
-Методы и материалы для локализации и очистки:
Закройте дренажи.
Соберите, свяжите и откачайте пролитую жидкость.
Соблюдайте возможные ограничения по материалам.
Возьмите в сухом виде.
Утилизируйте должным образом.
Очистите пораженный участок.



МЕРЫ ПОЖАРОТУШЕНИЯ PROXEL LV:
-Средства пожаротушения:
*Подходящие средства пожаротушения:
Вода
Мыло
Углекислый газ (CO2)
Сухой порошок
*Неподходящие средства пожаротушения:
Для этого вещества/смеси не установлены ограничения по огнетушащим веществам.
-Дальнейшая информация:
Не допускайте попадания воды для пожаротушения в поверхностные воды или систему грунтовых вод.



КОНТРОЛЬ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ/ПЕРСОНАЛЬНАЯ ЗАЩИТА PROXEL LV:
-Параметры управления:
--Ингредиенты с параметрами контроля на рабочем месте:
-Средства контроля воздействия:
--Средства индивидуальной защиты:
*Защита глаз/лица:
Используйте средства защиты глаз.
Плотно прилегающие защитные очки
-Защита кожи:
Полный контакт:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Всплеск контакта:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
*Защита тела:
защитная одежда
-Контроль воздействия на окружающую среду:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ PROXEL LV:
-Условия безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:
*Условия хранения:
Плотно закрыто.
Сухой.



СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ И РЕАКЦИОННАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ PROXEL LV:
-Химическая стабильность:
Продукт химически стабилен при стандартных условиях окружающей среды (комнатная температура).
-Возможность опасных реакций:
Данные недоступны
-Условия, чтобы избежать:
Нет доступной информации

prunus armeniaca fruit extract; extract of the fruits of the apricot, prunus armeniaca l., rosaceae ;apricot alcoholate (Firmenich); apricot dry fruit extract; apricot extract; apricot extract (prunus armeniaca); apricot extract 60%; apricot fruit extract; actiphyte of apricot fruit extract; extrapone apricot milk (Symrise); armeniaca vulgaris fruit extract; armeniaca vulgaris var. vulgaris fruit extract; extract of the fruits of the apricot, prunus armeniaca l., rosaceae CAS NO:68650-44-2

prunus avium flower extract; cerasus avium flower extract; sweet cherry flower extract; extract of the flowers of sweet cherry, prunus avium l., rosaceae CAS NO:85566-22-9

prunus cerasus flower extract; extract of the flowers of the bitter cherry, prunus cerasus l., rosaceae; cerasus vulgaris flower extract; bitter cherry flower extract; sour cherry flower extract; extract of the flowers of the bitter cherry, prunus cerasus l., rosaceae; prunus vulgaris flower extract CAS NO:89997-53-5

hydrolyzed plum; plum, prunus domestica, hydrolyzate; hydrolyzed prunus communis;hydrolyzed prunus domestica subsp. oeconomica; hydrolyzed prunus domestica var. damascena CAS NO: 227025-16-3

Prunus mume, Rosaceae; apricot fruit extract; mume fruit extract; extract of the fruit of prunus mume; plum fruit extract; PRUNUS MUME FRUIT EXTRACT; Nikkol Ume Extract (B)-BG CAS NO:999999-99-4

prunus persica l. flower extract; amygdalus persica flower extract; extract of the flowers of the peach, prunus persica, rosaceae; peach flower extract; prunus amygdalus flower extract; prunus vulgaris flower extract CAS NO:84012-34-0

prunus serotina bark; cherry bark ; prunus capuli bark; cerasus longifolius bark; plant material derived from the dried stem bark of the wild cherry, prunus serotina, rosaceae CAS NO:84604-07-9

iron blue; Hamburg Blue; Paris Blue; bronze blue; celestial blue; cyanine; Haarlem blue; oriental blue; potash blue; Turnbull's blue Cas no :25869-00-5

psidium guajava fruit extract; extract of the fruit of the guava, psidium guajava l., myrtaceae; guajava pyrifera fruit extract; guava fruit extract; psidium guava fruit extract CAS NO:91770-12-6

4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide; Pasam; p-TSA; PTSA; Toluene-4-sulfonamide; 4-Toluenesulfonic Acid Amide; Para-Toluenesulphonamide; P-Tosylamide; Toluol-4-sulfonamid (German); Tolueno-4-sulfonamida (Spanish); Toluène-4-sulfonamide (French) CAS NO: 70-55-3

cas no 70-55-3 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide; Pasam; p-TSA; PTSA 70 ; Toluene-4-sulfonamide; 4-Toluenesulfonic Acid Amide; Para-Toluenesulphonamide; P-Tosylamide; Toluol-4-sulfonamid (German); Tolueno-4-sulfonamida (Spanish); Toluène-4-sulfonamide (French); p-TOLUENE SULFONAMIDE 70;

polyvinyl alcohol

ptychopetalum olacoides extract; extract of the bark and root of the potency wood, ptychopetalum olacoides, olacaceae; muira puama extract; muirapuama extract; potency wood extract CAS NO:84929-46-4

pueraria lobata root extract; extract of the roots of pueraria lobata, fabacea; kudzu root extract; kudzu root extract; actipone pueraria root CAS NO:223748-08-1

pururan; E1204; α-1,4- ;α-1,6-glucan'. CAS NO:9057-02-7

punica granatum l. bark extract ;extract of the bark of the pomegranate, punica granatum l., punicaceae; pormegranate bark extract; punica florida bark extract; punica grandiflora bark extract; punica nana bark extract; punica spinosa bark extract CAS NO:84961-57-9

amiporine ER extract of the fruit of the pomegranate, punica granatum l., punicaceae pomegranate fruit extract punica florida fruit extract punica grandiflora fruit extract punica nana fruit extract punica spinosa fruit extract CAS Number 84961-57-9

extract of the pericarp of the pomegranate, punica granatum l., punicaceae; extract of the pericarp of the pomegranate, punica granatum l., punicaceae; pomegranate extract BG30; pomegranate pericarp extract; punica florida pericarp extract; punica grandiflora pericarp extract; punica nana pericarp extract; punica spinosa pericarp extract CAS NO:84961-57-9

Purac FCC представляет собой сиропообразную жидкость от бесцветного до желтого цвета.
Purac FCC имеет мягкий кисловатый вкус и широко используется в качестве подкислителя в пищевой промышленности.


Номер CAS: 50-21-5
Номер ЕС: 200-018-0
Названия INCI: МОЛОЧНАЯ КИСЛОТА
Молекулярная формула: C3H6O3.



L-молочная кислота, PURAC 50-100, PURAC 80 FG, PURAC 88-LT, 88-T, PURAC FCC 50, FCC 80, FCC 85, FCC 88, PURAC FIT Plus 90, PURAC HiPure 51, HiPure 90, PURAC HS 50, HS 80, HS 88, HS 90, HS 93, HS 95, HS 100, PURAC PF 90, PURAC PH 91, PURAC UltraPure 50, UltraPure 90, PURAC Vin, PURAC DEX 185, PURAC HS Pure 90, PURAC HS Pure 50, молочная кислота 50% NATL FCC, Purac FCC 50, Unilac LA50, Tisulac, Espiritin, HiPure 90, L-lacticaci, Lactic L-Milchsàure, α-гидроксипропионовая кислота, 2-гидроксипропановая кислота, 2-гидроксипропионовая кислота, 2-гидроксипропановая кислота кислота, DL-молочная кислота, DL-молочная кислота, 2-гидроксипропионовая кислота, Acidum laccum,
Молочная кислота 80% Pdr с силикагелем, молочная кислота 80%, Unilac LA80, Тисулак, Эспиритин, HiPure 90, L-laccaci, L-Milchsàure, α-гидроксипропановая кислота,
молочная кислота, 2-гидроксипропановая кислота, DL-молочная кислота, 50-21-5, 2-гидроксипропионовая кислота,



Purac FCC — это натуральная молочная кислота L(+), которую производят
брожение из сахара.
Основные функции Purac FCC — сохранение и придание вкуса.


Purac FCC – это органическая кислота, используемая в промышленных целях.
Purac FCC представляет собой гидроксикарбоновую кислоту, поэтому содержит как карбоксильную, так и гидроксильную группу.
Поэтому Purac FCC также называют 2-гидроксипропионовой кислотой, но в соответствии с рекомендациями номенклатуры IUPAC следует использовать название 2-гидроксипропионовая кислота.


Химическая формула Purac FCC — C3H6O3.
Purac FCC производится в виде натуральной L-молочной кислоты путем ферментации углеводов, таких как сахар или крахмал.


Purac FCC используется в косметических композициях для регулирования pH и имеет хорошее сродство к коже и волосам.
Purac FCC улучшает гидратацию кожи, удаляет омертвевшие клетки и пленки волос (перхоть), оказывает кератолитическое действие, волосы блестят.
Purac FCC отвечает за резкий запах, который появляется во рту при употреблении в пищу говядины сухого вызревания.


Purac FCC производится в виде натуральной L-молочной кислоты путем ферментации углеводов, таких как сахар или крахмал.
Химическая формула Purac FCC — C3H6O3.
Органическая кислота Purac FCC используется для снижения щелочности без добавления ионов сульфата и хлорида.


Purac FCC может помочь стимулировать выработку коллагена и укрепить кожу, что приводит к уменьшению количества тонких линий и морщин.
Гидроксикислоты отшелушивают верхний слой кожи, помогая разгладить и выровнять цвет лица, не засоряют поры, осветляют кожу и даже уменьшают темные пятна и обесцвечивание.


Purac FCC — универсальная органическая кислота.
Purac FCC растворим в воде и этаноле.
Включение дополнительного количества Purac FCC перед сычужным ферментом устраняет этот недостаток и повышает выход творога.


Соли и эфиры Purac FCC называются лактатами.
Концентрированный раствор Purac FCC обычно представляет собой смесь лактата молочной кислоты и молочной кислоты.
Purac FCC представляет собой сиропообразную жидкость от бесцветного до желтого цвета без запаха.


Purac FCC представляет собой жидкость от бесцветного до желтого/коричневого цвета.
Храните Purac FCC в плотно закрытой таре.
Храните Purac FCC в прохладном, сухом, хорошо проветриваемом помещении, вдали от несовместимых веществ.


Purac FCC также можно использовать для небольших корректировок пивоварения. PH можно использовать на более высоких уровнях для сквашивания пива.
Purac FCC снижает уровень щелочности пивоваренного раствора, стимулируя максимальную активность ферментов в сусле и обеспечивая оптимальный уровень pH на протяжении всего процесса пивоварения.


Purac FCC повышает выход экстракта и способность к ферментации.
Purac FCC подходит для пива, в котором не требуются другие анионы, например, для лагеров.
Purac FCC улучшает прозрачность и стабильность готового продукта.


Purac FCC — это готовая к использованию кислота, используемая для снижения щелочности пивоваренного раствора.
Purac FCC соответствует пищевому качеству и производится путем ферментации натурального (свекловичного или тростникового) сахара.
Purac FCC – продукт природного происхождения, полученный путем ферментации глюкозы.


Purac FCC представляет собой альфа-гидроксикислоту (AHA) и может использоваться для ускорения шелушения и обновления клеток.
Purac FCC также является увлажняющим составом.
Purac FCC принадлежит к группе альфа-гидроксикислот (AHA), которые обладают отшелушивающими, увлажняющими и омолаживающими свойствами.


Purac FCC выпускается в бутылочках-капельницах емкостью 4 жидких унции, что позволяет обеспечить точную дозировку молока и добиться стабильных результатов при производстве сыра.
На производстве обычно добавляют Purac FCC так, чтобы pH молока составлял 5,0.
Казеин в ферментированном молоке коагулируется (свертывается) с помощью Purac FCC, и он также отвечает за кислый вкус хлеба на закваске.


Если pH выходит за пределы диапазона 5,3–5,8, постепенно добавляйте (0,10–0,15 мл/л) Purac FCC, перемешайте и повторите измерение.
Purac FCC от компании Jungbunzlauer представляет собой органическую кислоту, естественным образом встречающуюся в организме человека и в ферментированных продуктах.
Purac FCC — натуральный консервант и регулятор pH.


Purac FCC — органическая кислота, имеющая широкое промышленное применение.
Спецификация Purac FCC делает его особенно полезным для производства продуктов питания и напитков, а также фармацевтических и косметических продуктов.
Purac FCC — универсальная органическая кислота.


В жидком состоянии Purac FCC бесцветен.
Purac FCC — одна из альфа-гидроксикислот (AHA).
Эти кислоты встречаются в природе во фруктах, сахарном тростнике и молоке.


Purac FCC повышает кислотность сусла и улучшает как затирание, так и брожение.
Точная дозировка зависит от щелочности используемой воды, добавленных солей и солода, использованного в рецепте.
Purac FCC рекомендуется проводить измерение pH затора перед добавлением продукта.


В природе Purac FCC содержится в кислом молоке, йогуртах, кислых ржаных супах и силосе.
Purac FCC существует в двух оптических формах L и D, из которых только L-молочная кислота является биологически активной и является естественным элементом кожи и волос.
Purac FCC является одним из основных компонентов NMF – естественного увлажняющего фактора, который отвечает за правильное увлажнение эпидермиса.


Purac FCC очень деликатно стабилизирует процесс отшелушивания эпидермиса.
Purac FCC — это альфа-гидроксикислота, обладающая как отшелушивающими, так и увлажняющими свойствами.
Purac FCC естественным образом вырабатывается в организме (это вещество, которое вызывает покалывание во время тренировки), а также содержится в йогурте и молоке.


Purac FCC очень хорошо растворяется в воде.
Purac FCC является натуральным.
Purac FCC одобрен как пищевая добавка E 270.


Purac FCC — это немолочная версия, которая является частью семейства кислот, называемых альфа-гидроксикислотами (AHA).
Purac FCC производится из натурального кукурузного крахмала с помощью передовой технологии биоферментации и очистки.
Purac FCC представляет собой жидкость от желтоватого до бесцветного цвета со слегка кислым запахом и вкусом.


Purac FCC — это встречающаяся в природе альфа-гидроксикислота (или AHA), получаемая путем ферментации сахаров.
Purac FCC — это альфа-гидроксикислота, наиболее часто используемая в продуктах для пилинга.
Purac FCC, также известный как молочная кислота, представляет собой органическое соединение с химической формулой C3H6O3.


Purac FCC является сильной альфа-гидроксикислотой и, следовательно, обладает превосходными отшелушивающими свойствами, хотя они слабее, но уступают гликолевой кислоте.
Продукты AHA должны быть самостоятельным лечебным продуктом и не входить в состав другого продукта.


Хотя AHA могут быть включены в другие продукты, могут возникнуть определенные несовместимости, плюс AHA (из-за pH, необходимого для максимальной эффективности) могут не позволить другим продуктам (например, очищающим маскам) работать должным образом, и наоборот.
Purac FCC также является широко используемым органическим подкислителем, вероятно, потому, что он классифицируется как слабая кислота.


Хотя AHA могут быть включены в другие продукты, могут возникнуть определенные несовместимости, плюс AHA (из-за pH, необходимого для максимальной эффективности) могут не позволять другим продуктам (например, очищающим маскам) работать должным образом, и наоборот.
Purac FCC также является широко используемым органическим подкислителем, вероятно, потому, что он классифицируется как слабая кислота.


Как и во всех производственных процессах, мы рекомендуем провести лабораторные испытания для определения соответствующих количеств.
Purac FCC представляет собой жидкий раствор в воде чистотой около 80%.
Purac FCC — органическая кислота, применяемая в производстве пива, а также в косметической, фармацевтической, пищевой и химической промышленности.


Purac FCC производится из натурального кукурузного крахмала с помощью передовой технологии биоферментации и очистки.
Purac FCC представляет собой жидкость от желтоватого до бесцветного цвета со слабым кисловатым запахом и вкусом.
Purac FCC представляет собой сиропообразную жидкость от бесцветного до желтого цвета без запаха.


Храните Purac FCC в плотно закрытой таре.
Храните Purac FCC в прохладном, сухом, хорошо проветриваемом помещении вдали от несовместимых веществ.
Purac FCC представляет собой сиропообразную жидкость от бесцветного до желтого цвета.


Purac FCC — это альфа-гидроксикислота, получаемая из молока.
В результате относительно большей молекулярной массы кератолитическое действие Purac FCC более мягкое, чем у гликолевой кислоты, что предотвращает раздражение кожи.


Purac FCC является сильной альфа-гидроксикислотой и, следовательно, обладает превосходными отшелушивающими свойствами, хотя они слабее, но уступают гликолевой кислоте.
Продукты AHA должны быть самостоятельным лечебным продуктом и не входить в состав другого продукта.


Purac FCC — это компонент против морщин и пигментации, доступный как в безрецептурных, так и в профессиональных средствах по уходу за кожей.
Purac FCC получают из молока и относятся к классу антивозрастных соединений альфа-гидроксикислот (AHA).
Гликолевая кислота и лимонная кислота являются еще двумя примерами AHA.


Purac FCC представляет собой жидкий раствор в воде чистотой около 80%.
Purac FCC — это AHA.
Purac FCC достаточно добавить несколько капель в 100 мл шампуня, чтобы отрегулировать pH.


Даже в качестве увлажняющей добавки Purac FCC не следует применять более 0,5%.
Перед использованием разбавьте Purac FCC.
Как и все кислоты, Purac FCC важен для того, чтобы ваша кожа привыкла к их использованию.


Purac FCC, также известный как молочная кислота, представляет собой химическое соединение, которое играет роль в нескольких биохимических процессах.
Purac FCC — это альфа-гидроксикислота, получаемая из молока.
В результате относительно большей молекулярной массы кератолитическое действие Purac FCC более мягкое, чем у гликолевой кислоты, что предотвращает раздражение кожи.


Purac FCC выпускается как в виде R (D-), так и S (L+)-энантиомеров, которые можно производить индивидуально до почти идеальной оптической чистоты.
Это означает, что Purac FCC отлично подходит для производства других продуктов, требующих определенной стереохимии.
Purac FCC представляет собой жидкий раствор в воде чистотой около 80%.


Как и во всех производственных процессах, мы рекомендуем провести лабораторные испытания для определения соответствующих количеств.
Обычно Purac FCC титруют разбавленным раствором молочной кислоты (10 или 20% в воде) до достижения желаемого pH.
Purac FCC предпочтителен в качестве подкислителя, поскольку он оказывает меньшее дестабилизирующее воздействие на эмульсии, чем лимонная кислота.


Purac FCC имеет мягкий кисловатый вкус и широко используется в качестве подкислителя в пищевой промышленности.
Purac FCC — это молочная кислота, получаемая естественным путем путем ферментации сахара.
Благодаря своему мягкому кислому вкусу Purac FCC быстро становится предпочтительным подкислителем для напитков.


Purac FCC — это натуральная L-молочная кислота, получаемая путем ферментации сахара.
Purac FCC имеет мягкий кисловатый вкус и широко используется в пищевой промышленности в качестве подкислителя.
Основная цель Purac FCC — сохранить вкус и внешний вид продукта.


Purac FCC действует как увлажняющий агент, используемый во многих продуктах по уходу за кожей.
Purac FCC имеет мягкий кисловатый вкус и наименьший потенциал раздражения.



ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ и ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ PURAC FCC:
Фармацевтическая технология использует Purac FCC для преобразования водонерастворимых лекарственных веществ в соли молочной кислоты (лактаты); они более растворимы в воде (пример: ципрофлоксацин).
В косметике Purac FCC используется в кремах для кожи и других продуктах для лечения прыщей.


Purac FCC используется для производства кисломолочных продуктов, в качестве пищевого консерванта и для производства химикатов.
Purac FCC играет роль метаболита Daphnia magna и метаболита водорослей.
Purac FCC функционально связан с пропионовой кислотой.


Purac FCC представляет собой кислоту, сопряженную с лактатом.
Нормальный промежуточный продукт ферментации (окисления, метаболизма) сахара.
Концентрированная форма используется внутрь для предотвращения желудочно-кишечной ферментации.


Лактат натрия представляет собой натриевую соль Purac FCC и имеет мягкий солевой вкус.
Его получают путем ферментации источника сахара, такого как кукуруза или свекла, а затем путем нейтрализации полученного Purac FCC с образованием соединения формулы NaC3H5O3.
Purac FCC был одним из активных ингредиентов Phexxi, негормонального противозачаточного средства.


В результате происходит мягкое, но эффективное отшелушивание рогового слоя и одновременная регенерация клеток.
Purac FCC стимулирует выработку коллагена и гликозаминогликанов, составляющих межклеточный материал.
Еще одним преимуществом Purac FCC является то, что он естественным образом увлажняет кожу; это действие приводит к увеличению образования церамидов, тем самым улучшая функцию кератинового барьера.


В секторе средств личной гигиены Purac FCC действует как подкислитель с увлажняющими, отшелушивающими и антибактериальными свойствами.
При местном использовании Purac FCC может помочь в удалении омертвевших клеток кожи, помогая обновить кожу, улучшить текстуру и тон кожи, а также действовать как увлажнитель.


Казеин в ферментированном молоке коагулируется (свертывается) с помощью Purac FCC.
Purac FCC производится естественным путем в результате лакто-ферментации пищевых продуктов.
Некоторыми примерами этих типов продуктов являются кимчи, квашеная капуста, кислое пиво, цукемоно, суан-кай, атсара и йогурт.


Purac FCC используется непосредственно в качестве подкислителя.
Применение Purac FCC в маринованных овощах: Purac FCC эффективно предотвращает порчу оливок, корнишонов, жемчужного лука и других овощей, консервированных в рассоле.


Purac FCC является важным ингредиентом Рикотты Импастата, Моцареллы, Кесо Бланко и других фирменных сыров и может использоваться при производстве кисломолочных продуктов, таких как кумыс, лабан, кефир, а также некоторых творогов.
Purac FCC представляет собой альфа-гидроксикислоту (AHA) и может использоваться для ускорения шелушения и обновления клеток.


Purac FCC можно использовать для регулирования pH многих составов и как более мягкую альтернативу гликолевой кислоте.
Purac FCC и его соль лактат натрия можно использовать в качестве увлажнителей.
Purac FCC используется в продуктах для лица, а также в лосьонах и увлажняющих кремах для тела, но никогда не наносится непосредственно на кожу.


Purac FCC также используется в качестве подкислителя.
Purac FCC является пищевым и используется для производства нескольких видов сыров.
Purac FCC особенно полезен, когда в качестве исходных материалов используются ультрапастеризованное, ультрапастеризованное или сухое молоко, поскольку термическая обработка, используемая при производстве этого молока, дезактивирует лактозу и не позволяет сырной культуре полностью превратить ее в Purac FCC. .


Использование Purac FCC в кондитерских изделиях: например, в карамели, фруктовые жевательные резинки с Purac FCC приводят к мягкому кислому вкусу, улучшению качества и увеличению срока хранения.
Purac FCC обладает увлажняющим эффектом благодаря своему свойству связывать воду в верхних слоях эпидермиса.


Purac FCC используется для производства кисломолочных продуктов, в качестве пищевого консерванта и для производства химикатов.
Purac FCC используется в качестве растворителя и подкислителя при производстве пищевых продуктов, лекарств и красителей.
Purac FCC также используется в качестве протравы при печати на шерстяных изделиях, флюса для пайки, средства для удаления волос и катализатора для фенольных смол.


При производстве обычно добавляют Purac FCC, чтобы pH молока достигал около 5,0.
Казеин в ферментированном молоке коагулируется (свертывается) с помощью Purac FCC, и он также отвечает за кислый вкус хлеба на закваске.
Purac FCC в основном используется для регулирования pH косметических средств и добавляется при производстве шампуней для усиления блеска волос.


Purac FCC легко использовать в жидкой форме.
Purac FCC хорошо сочетается с гиалуроновой кислотой и витаминами A, B и C.
Purac FCC также можно использовать в качестве регулятора pH: Purac FCC снижает pH.


Purac FCC используется в мыловарении. Регулировка pH, повышенная твердость брусков и продуктов твердого формата (особенно, если они предварительно нейтрализованы щелочью).
Purac FCC используется для производства серийной продукции или широко используется в пищевой, винтажной, алкогольной, фармацевтической, полимеризационной, текстильной, кожевенной, табачной, кормовой, пластмассовой химической промышленности, пестицидах, полимерных растворах и других отраслях промышленности.


Purac FCC также рекомендуется для ухода за телом и кожей головы, поскольку помогает при сухости кожи, а также при шелушении и ороговении кожи.
Purac FCC десятилетиями использовался в производстве пива, придавая этому популярному напитку уникальную терпкость.
Благодаря концентрации Purac FCC 80% этот специально разработанный раствор позволяет легко контролировать уровень терпкости вашего продукта.


Независимо от того, используете ли вы Purac FCC для регулировки вкуса пива или для других нужд производства продуктов питания, Purac FCC — идеальный выбор для создания готового продукта, который соответствует всем стандартам качества и одновременно радует потребителей.
Purac FCC можно использовать для регулирования pH многих составов и как более мягкую альтернативу гликолевой кислоте.


Purac FCC используется для регулирования pH косметических продуктов.
При изготовлении шампуней добавляется Purac FCC для придания волосам блеска.
Purac FCC, часто используемый в качестве пищевой или кормовой добавки, может улучшить вкус пищевых продуктов и продлить срок их хранения.


Purac FCC широко используется в консервной, хлебной, мукомольной, кондитерской, кормовой и других отраслях промышленности в качестве улучшителя пищевого вкуса.
Purac FCC особенно подходит для регулирования кислотности различных твердых и порошкообразных пищевых продуктов.
Превосходная функция регулировки pH и антибактериальная способность Purac FCC могут эффективно подавлять рост микроорганизмов и продлевать срок хранения пищевых продуктов.


Используется Purac FCC. Уход за кожей (уход за лицом, чистка лица, уход за телом, уход за ребенком). Уход за волосами (шампуни, кондиционеры и средства для укладки).
Purac FCC — это натуральная L-молочная кислота, получаемая путем ферментации сахара.
Purac FCC имеет мягкий кисловатый вкус и широко используется в качестве подкислителя в пищевой промышленности.


Purac FCC имеет мягкий кисловатый вкус и широко используется в качестве подкислителя в пищевой промышленности.
Purac FCC естественным образом присутствует в волосах, придает им блестящий, привлекательный вид и используется в качестве регулятора pH во всех видах средств по уходу за волосами.
В продуктах против прыщей Purac FCC используется из-за его противомикробного действия.


Косметику с Purac FCC следует использовать с особой осторожностью при сухой коже.
Purac FCC регулирует регенерацию клеток кожи, улучшает структуру и цвет кожи.
Purac FCC усиливает действие других косметических препаратов.


Purac FCC улучшает увлажнение кожи, кожа становится более мягкой и эластичной.
Purac FCC влияет на выработку коллагена кожи, увеличивая толщину и укрепляя дерму.
Purac FCC повышает уровень гликозаминогликанов — соединений, которые впитывают воду, как губка, и обеспечивают увлажнение более глубоких слоев кожи.


Purac FCC классифицируется как передовой ингредиент для ухода за кожей, и его не следует использовать, если вы не разбираетесь в использовании и применении молочной кислоты.
Purac FCC используется для лечения прыщей и пилинга кожи, в пчеловодстве, в производстве продуктов питания, для продления срока хранения мяса, рыбы и птицы, в качестве регулятора кислотности в напитках, в молочных продуктах, выпечке, моющих средствах, добавках к питанию животных и в общей промышленности.


Purac FCC широко используется в пищевой промышленности в качестве подкислителя, а также для консервирования и ароматизации.
Purac FCC очень полезен для омоложения кожи, стимулируя отшелушивание старых поверхностных клеток кожи.
Purac FCC может уменьшить появление тонких линий, неравномерной пигментации, возрастных пятен и уменьшить расширенные поры.


Purac FCC и его соль лактат натрия можно использовать в качестве увлажнителей.
Purac FCC используется для ухода за кожей для регулирования pH, увлажнения, осветления кожи, шелушения, отшелушивания.
Purac FCC используется для ухода за волосами, регулирования pH и влажности.


Purac FCC обладает противомикробным действием и является основой для консервирования путем ферментации многих пищевых продуктов.
Purac FCC служит консервантом, регулятором pH и ароматизатором.
Purac FCC в основном содержится в кисломолочных продуктах, таких как: кумыс, лебан, йогурт, кефир и некоторые твороги.


Более быстрое отшелушивание клеток приводит к росту новых.
Препараты с Purac FCC способствуют лечению прыщей.
При точечном использовании масок с Purac FCC (7,0-15,0%) можно попробовать удалить солнечные, прыщи и стареющие пятна.


После применения препаратов с Purac FCC следует защищать кожу от солнечных лучей.
Без слоев ороговевших клеток «молодой» эпидермис значительно лучше впитывает питательную косметику.
Поэтому тоники, скрабы и маски с Purac FCC относятся к базовой косметике по уходу за жирной, смешанной, акне и зрелой кожей.


Наиболее быстро растущим применением Purac FCC является его использование в качестве мономера для производства полимолочной кислоты или полилактида (PLA).
Применения PLA включают контейнеры для пищевой промышленности и производства напитков, пленки и жесткие контейнеры для упаковки, а также посуду для обслуживания (чашки, тарелки, посуда).


Полимер PLA также можно формовать в волокна и использовать в одежде, волокнистом наполнителе (подушки, одеяла), коврах и нетканых материалах, таких как салфетки.
Purac FCC применяется в красильных ваннах, в качестве протравы при печати шерстяных изделий, растворителя для нерастворимых в воде красок (индулина, спирторастворимого, нигрозина, спиртовой синьки).


Purac FCC часто используется в кремах и лосьонах в более низкой концентрации для более мягкого кислотного пилинга.
Purac FCC используется в косметике и биолифтинге, поскольку делает кожу эластичной, разглаживает морщины, осветляет пигментные пятна и сужает поры.
Purac FCC также используется в кондиционерах и шампунях, поскольку он активирует волосяные луковицы, ускоряя рост волос.


Сочетание мягкого пилинга, регенерации и увлажнения, которое предлагает Purac FCC, делает его идеальным пилингом для чувствительной и обезвоженной кожи, а также хорошим выбором для кожи, которая впервые подвергается химическому пилингу.
Purac FCC в сочетании с pH приводит к целенаправленным действиям и показаниям.


Purac FCC применяется для регулирования pH косметических продуктов, таких как шампуни и гели для душа, кремы и лосьоны.
Как видно из названия, Purac FCC снижает pH продукта.
В дополнение к регуляции pH Purac FCC обладает отличным увлажняющим действием.


Исключением является применение химических пилингов.
Purac FCC широко используется в различных пищевых, промышленных и производственных процессах.
Purac FCC можно использовать для регулирования pH затора или промывной воды.


Purac FCC может иметь цвет от прозрачного до бледно-желтого.
Для контроля pH используется Purac FCC с помощью pH-метра или тест-полосок.
Purac FCC также можно использовать в готовом пиве или вине для придания кислотности.


Purac FCC используется для лечения сухой, грубой и шелушащейся кожи.
Purac FCC также можно использовать при других заболеваниях, определенных врачом.
Обычно Purac FCC титруют разбавленным раствором молочной кислоты (10 или 20% в воде) до достижения желаемого pH.


Purac FCC используется для восстановления хроматов при протравливании шерсти.
Purac FCC используется при производстве сыров, кондитерских изделий.
Purac FCC используется в составе детских молочных смесей; подкислитель в напитках; для подкисления сусла в пивоварении.


Purac FCC — это натуральная L-молочная кислота, получаемая путем ферментации сахара.
Purac FCC имеет мягкий кисловатый вкус и широко используется в качестве подкислителя в пищевой промышленности.
Основная функция Purac FCC — сохранение вкуса.


Аналогичным образом, Purac FCC используется при лактоферментации и консервировании силоса при производстве кормов.
В технических применениях Purac FCC обеспечивает поддержку благодаря своему биоцидному эффекту и поэтому является компонентом дезинфицирующих растворов и других чистящих средств.
Кроме того, Purac FCC используется для щадящей декальцинации.


Предпочтителен в качестве подкислителя, поскольку Purac FCC имеет меньшее дестабилизирующее воздействие на эмульсии, чем лимонная кислота.
Purac FCC используется для лечения сухой, грубой и шелушащейся кожи.
Purac FCC также можно использовать при других заболеваниях, определенных врачом.


Purac FCC — одна из популярных пищевых добавок и ингредиентов в большинстве стран.
Обычно Purac FCC используется в качестве консерванта и антиоксиданта.
Purac FCC также используется в качестве присадки к топливу, химического промежуточного продукта, регулятора кислотности и дезинфицирующего средства.


Purac FCC также используется в растворах для диализа, что приводит к более низкой частоте побочных эффектов по сравнению с ацетатом натрия, который также можно использовать.
Purac FCC часто используется в косметической промышленности из-за эффекта стимулирования выработки коллагена, помогая укрепить кожу, предотвращая появление морщин и провисание.


Purac FCC используется в качестве добавки в кормах для животных.
Purac FCC обладает свойствами, способствующими укреплению здоровья.
Purac FCC используется в качестве увлажнителя или увлажняющего крема в некоторых косметических средствах.


Purac FCC используется в качестве протравы, химического вещества, которое помогает тканям впитывать красители в текстиле.
Purac FCC также используется при дублении кожи.
Purac FCC используется при производстве лаков и чернил.


Purac FCC является пищевым и используется для производства нескольких видов сыров.
Purac FCC особенно полезен, когда в качестве исходных материалов используются ультрапастеризованное, ультрапастеризованное или сухое молоко, поскольку термическая обработка, используемая при производстве этого молока, дезактивирует лактозу и не позволяет сырной культуре полностью превратить ее в Purac FCC. .


Включение дополнительного количества Purac FCC перед сычужным ферментом устраняет этот недостаток и повышает выход творога.
Purac FCC является важным ингредиентом Рикотты Импастата, Моцареллы, Кесо Бланко и других фирменных сыров и может использоваться при производстве кисломолочных продуктов, таких как кумыс, лабан, кефир, а также некоторых творогов.


Purac FCC является основным строительным блоком полимолочной кислоты (PLA).
PLA — это биоразлагаемый полимер, который можно использовать для производства возобновляемых и компостируемых пластмасс.
Purac FCC используется для регулирования pH затора или промывной воды.


Purac FCC используется в лагерах типа Pilsner для снижения щелочности.
Purac FCC используется для снижения щелочности без добавления ионов сульфата и хлорида.
Purac FCC также можно использовать для незначительных корректировок пивоварения.


Purac FCC также может вызывать микропилинг, который помогает уменьшить различные шрамы и пигментные пятна.
Это отличное решение для людей с чувствительной или сухой кожей, на которую отшелушивающие средства не действуют.
Purac FCC используется для лечения сухой, грубой и шелушащейся кожи.


Purac FCC также можно использовать при других заболеваниях, определенных врачом.
Перед использованием разбавьте Purac FCC.
Как и все кислоты, Purac FCC важен для того, чтобы ваша кожа привыкла к их использованию.


У тех, чья кожа не привыкла к кислотам, может возникнуть легкое жжение и покраснение.
Если это произойдет, Purac FCC сократит использование.
Purac FCC содержит альфа-гидроксикислоту (AHA), которая может повысить чувствительность вашей кожи к солнцу и, в частности, вероятность солнечных ожогов.


Purac FCC используйте солнцезащитный крем, носите защитную одежду и ограничьте пребывание на солнце во время использования этого продукта и в течение недели после него.
Purac FCC снижает уровень щелочности пивоваренного раствора, стимулируя максимальную активность ферментов в сусле, обеспечивая оптимальный уровень pH на протяжении всего процесса пивоварения.


Purac FCC используется в качестве ценного компонента в биоматериалах.
Purac FCC используется в качестве натурального антибактериального средства при дезинфекции продуктов.
Purac FCC используется в промышленных процессах.


PH можно использовать на более высоких уровнях для сквашивания пива.
Purac FCC оказывает хорошее увлажняющее действие на кожу и может использоваться в сыворотках, гелях, тониках, кремах и лосьонах на водной основе.
Purac FCC может помочь коже выглядеть свежее и моложе.


Purac FCC особенно полезен в ночных кремах и антивозрастных продуктах.
Когда Purac FCC используется в более высоких концентрациях, он может оказывать отшелушивающее действие.
Purac FCC улучшит внешний вид кожи и поможет удалить поверхностный мусор и омертвевшие клетки кожи.


Уход за волосами: Purac FCC, использованный в упаковке для волос, очистит перегруженную кожу головы, например, после снятия плетения, которое использовалось в течение нескольких месяцев.
Никогда не наносите Purac FCC непосредственно на кожу.


Best Purac FCC добавляется на этапе 3 (остывания) при приготовлении кремов и лосьонов.
Имейте в виду, что Purac FCC может сделать кремы и лосьоны более жидкими или нестабильными, поэтому вам нужно начинать с очень сильного и стабильного крема или лосьона.
В качестве регулятора pH Purac FCC можно использовать для снижения значения pH (более кислого) при использовании консерванта K, который правильно действует только в узком диапазоне pH.


Часто Purac FCC получают из молока, однако наш продукт изготовлен из кукурузы или кукурузы и не содержит ГМО.
Purac FCC продается в концентрации 80%, т.е. Purac FCC с 20% воды в виде водного раствора.
Согласно базе данных косметических ингредиентов (CosIng), Purac FCC выполняет следующие функции: буферизация, увлажнение, кондиционирование кожи.


Purac FCC повышает выход экстракта и способность к ферментации
Purac FCC подходит для пива, в котором не требуются другие анионы, например, для лагеров.
Purac FCC улучшает прозрачность и стабильность готового продукта.


Концентрация Purac FCC для химического отшелушивания, подходит для всех типов кожи.
Purac FCC обеспечивает регенерацию клеток, увлажнение и уменьшение морщин на коже.
Типичный уровень использования Purac FCC составляет от 1 до 20% в пилингах, кремах, лосьонах, масках, очищающих средствах.


Из-за кислотности Purac FCC конечный продукт необходимо проверить на безопасный уровень pH.
Оптимальный диапазон pH Purac FCC составляет 3,5-5,0.
Некоторые безрецептурные продукты после добавления Purac FCC расслаиваются из-за низкого pH и требуют стабилизации.


Во многих пищевых продуктах Purac FCC обычно используется либо в качестве регулятора pH, либо в качестве консерванта, либо в качестве ароматизатора.
Purac FCC используется в качестве регулятора кислотности.
Purac FCC эффективно предотвращает порчу овощей.


Purac FCC часто используется в качестве более мягкой альтернативы гликолевой кислоте в косметических рецептурах, а также может использоваться для снижения pH во время производства.
Purac FCC производится путем ферментации глюкозного сиропа из кукурузы с использованием бактериального штамма.
Purac FCC представляет собой кислоту и никогда не должен использоваться в неразбавленном виде.


При использовании в соответствующих концентрациях (до 5,0%) Purac FCC разрыхляет межклеточный цемент.
Регулярное использование косметики с Purac FCC омолаживает эпидермис и разглаживает морщины за счет постепенного отшелушивания омертвевших клеток рогового слоя.


Purac FCC разглаживает мелкие поверхностные морщины, повышает эластичность и упругость кожи; это антивозрастной ингредиент; помогает в случае обесцвечивания и небольших шрамов от прыщей.
Purac FCC очищает поры и проявляет антибактериальные свойства, следовательно, предотвращает образование проблемных мест, таких как экземы всех видов и черные точки; помогает при лечении прыщей.


Purac FCC используется в мыловарении для регулирования pH, повышения твердости брусков и продуктов твердого формата (особенно если они предварительно нейтрализованы щелочью).
Purac FCC используется для ухода за кожей. Регулировка pH, увлажнение, осветление кожи, шелушение, отшелушивание.
Purac FCC используется для ухода за волосами. Регулировка pH, влажность.


Уход за кожей: В зависимости от степени разведения Purac FCC можно использовать в качестве регулятора pH, увлажняющего крема или в качестве пилинга для кожи.
В более низких процентных количествах Purac FCC снижает трансэпидермальную потерю воды (TEWL), поддерживая барьерную функцию кожи.
При нанесении Purac FCC расщепляет связи между кератиноцитами внешнего слоя, тем самым сокращая их и приводя к постепенной регенерации.


Purac FCC также используется при дублении кожи, кислотной обработке нефтяных скважин и в качестве регулятора роста растений.
Purac FCC применяется в нефтедобыче и нефтепереработке, пайке, сельском хозяйстве (пестициды), дублении и обработке кожи, выделке и крашении меха, текстиле (печать, крашение или отделка).


Purac FCC используется в качестве превосходного подкислителя для многих молочных продуктов.
Purac FCC используется для усиления пикантного вкуса.
В фармацевтической технологии Purac FCC используется в качестве исходного материала для других веществ.


Purac FCC используется при приготовлении инъекций лактата натрия. Ингредиент косметики.
Purac FCC используется в качестве компонента сперматоцидных желе.
Purac FCC используется для удаления Clostridium Butyricum при производстве дрожжей; удаление волос, пухлость и декальцинирование шкур.


Purac FCC используется в качестве растворителя формиата целлюлозы.
Purac FCC используется для мягких припоев.
Purac FCC используется при производстве лактатов, которые используются в пищевых продуктах, в медицине и в качестве растворителей.


Purac FCC используется как пластификатор, катализатор при литье фенолальдегидных смол.
Purac FCC можно использовать в качестве подкислителя, ароматизатора и регулятора pH в напитках, мясе, заквасках, салатах и заправках, кондитерских изделиях и маринованных овощах.


Purac FCC используется в пищевой и технической промышленности.
Жидкий Purac FCC, представляющий собой смесь левовращающей и правовращающей молочной кислоты в соотношении 1:1, очень часто используется для регулирования кислотности в хлебобулочных и кондитерских изделиях или напитках, а также для консервирования.


-Использован��е материалов Purac FCC:
Purac FCC — это мономер полилактидов или полимолочных кислот (PLA), которые различными способами используются в качестве биоразлагаемых пластиков и пластиков на биологической основе.
Purac FCC обладает антибактериальным эффектом и поэтому добавляется в жидкое мыло, чистящие и моющие средства.

Они оптимально проявляют свой дезинфицирующий эффект при значении pH от 3 до 4.
Purac FCC использовался и также используется в качестве противозачаточного средства.
Purac FCC используется в качестве средства для удаления накипи на кожевенных заводах при удалении накипи из шкур.

Purac FCC также используется для этой цели в текстильной промышленности и полиграфических компаниях.
Некоторые чистящие таблетки для кофемашин, автоматов по производству безалкогольных напитков и аналогичных приборов содержат Purac FCC в качестве средства для удаления накипи.
Пчеловоды используют Purac FCC для обработки пчел от клеща Варроа, гарантируя, что обработанные ульи или соты не содержат расплода.
Арахнологи используют Purac FCC для освещения подготовленной эпигинии самок пауков или других хитиновых структур, а также для растворения остатков тканей.


- Использование Purac FCC в пивоварении:
Purac FCC призван снизить уровень pH и добавить немного терпкости.
Естественно добавляйте в небольших количествах, иначе Purac FCC станет сильно кислым.


-При изготовлении сыра и взбитом масле использование Purac FCC:
В частности, рикотта и взбитое масло в сочетании с ГДЛ.
Рикотта Импастата, Моцарелла и Кесо Бланко.


-Интересное непищевое применение Purac FCC:
Purac FCC является основным строительным блоком для биоразлагаемых пластиков на основе полимолочной кислоты (PLA).
PLA — это биоразлагаемый полимер, который можно использовать для производства возобновляемых и компостируемых пластмасс.
Purac FCC также используется в косметической промышленности для лечения прыщей.


-Использование источника питания Purac FCC:
Ряд продуктов производится непосредственно посредством ферментации Purac FCC.
В основном это кисломолочные продукты, такие как простокваша, йогурт, кефир и пахта.
Их получают путем заражения пастеризованного молока заквасочными культурами бактерий Purac FCC.

Другие продукты включают лакто-ферментированные овощи, такие как квашеная капуста, свекла в некоторых сортах борща или кимчи, а также закваска и продукты на закваске.
Силос, свежий корм, полученный путем ферментации, также производится на основе ферментации Purac FCC.
В качестве пищевой добавки Purac FCC имеет обозначение E 270.

Purac FCC используется по-разному в качестве регулятора кислотности в пищевой промышленности и производстве предметов роскоши, например, в хлебобулочных изделиях, кондитерских изделиях и иногда в лимонадах.
Изменяя значение pH в пище до pH около 4, пища сохраняется, поскольку в значительной степени исключается колонизация другими микроорганизмами.
Для обогащения кальцием также можно добавлять в виде солей лактат кальция или глюконат лактата кальция Purac FCC.



ПРЕТЕНЗИИ PURAC FCC:
*Анти-акне Агенты
*Противомикробные препараты
*Увлажняющие агенты



ФУНКЦИИ PURAC FCC:
*В пищевых продуктах, помимо своей питательной функции для нормального роста, Purac FCC улучшает вкус и аромат, улучшает качество пищевых продуктов и напитков, таких как кондитерские изделия, торты, сухое молоко, йогурт и т. д., в качестве укрепляющего агента, буферного агента и регулятора муки.
*Purac FCC повышает эффективность антиоксидантов, предотвращает обесцвечивание фруктов и овощей.



ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА PURAC FCC:
*Purac FCC очень полезен для омоложения кожи, стимулируя отшелушивание старых поверхностных клеток кожи.
*Purac FCC может уменьшить появление тонких линий, неравномерной пигментации, возрастных пятен и уменьшить расширенные поры.
*Purac FCC используется для тех, кто впервые делает пилинг, или для людей с чувствительной кожей.
*Purac FCC часто используется в кремах и лосьонах в более низкой концентрации для более мягкого кислотного пилинга.



ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В ПИЩЕВОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ, PURAC FCC:
Purac FCC — это натуральный консервант, который содержится в некоторых продуктах питания, включая маринованные овощи, йогурт и выпечку.
Purac FCC — дешевый и минимально перерабатываемый материал.
Культуры Lactobacillus и Streptococcus производят Purac FCC посредством ферментации.
Бактерии расщепляют сахар, чтобы извлечь энергию и произвести Purac FCC в качестве побочного продукта.
Purac FCC помогает регулировать уровень pH и предотвращает рост микроорганизмов, продлевая срок хранения.



КАК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ PURAC FCC В КОСМЕТИКЕ:
- Purac FCC — продукт, который нельзя наносить на чистую кожу.
- Purac FCC может быть включен в качестве ингредиента в косметические композиции, содержащие подкислители и воду: сыворотки, гели, тоники, маски, лосьоны, кремы, шампуни, очищающие средства и т. д.



ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ PURAC FCC:
Purac FCC используется для лечения гиперпигментации, пигментных пятен и других состояний, которые способствуют тусклому и неровному цвету лица.
Purac FCC также улучшает тон кожи и сужает поры.

Purac FCC способствует обновлению и обновлению клеток — процессам, в ходе которых ваша кожа теряет старые клетки и заменяет их новыми.
Purac FCC очень хорошо подходит для чувствительной кожи из-за его более мягкого действия по сравнению с другими альфа-гидроксикислотами.

Purac FCC также является ключевым компонентом продаваемых без рецепта лосьонов и кремов для «куриной кожи», то есть прыщей на тыльной стороне рук.
Purac FCC способствует растворению закупорок клеток кожи, которые образуются вокруг волосяного фолликула, сглаживая неровности.
Purac FCC обычно используется в средствах местного применения при экземе, псориазе и розацеа.



СВОЙСТВА PURAC FCC:
Свойства Purac FCC
- Кератолитик отшелушивает кожу, удаляя омертвевшие клетки кожи и кожи головы.
- Стимулирует синтез коллагена и эластина, способствуя обновлению клеток.
- Purac FCC улучшает текстуру кожи и внешний вид pH.
- Активирует эмульгатор-кондиционер, используемый при производстве составов по уходу за волосами.



ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА PURAC FCC:
*Осветляет тусклый цвет лица.
*Увлажнитель и более упругая кожа
* Эксфолиант
*Улучшает тон и текстуру кожи.
*Подходит для веганов
*Без ГМО



ФУНКЦИЯ PURAC FCC:
В пищевых продуктах, помимо своей питательной функции для нормального роста, Purac FCC улучшает вкус и аромат, улучшает качество пищевых продуктов и напитков, таких как кондитерские изделия, торты, сухое молоко, йогурт и т. д., в качестве укрепляющего агента, буферного агента и регулятора муки.
Purac FCC повышает эффективность антиоксидантов, предотвращает обесцвечивание фруктов и овощей.



ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА PURAC FCC:
Purac FCC снижает уровень щелочности пивоваренного раствора, стимулируя максимальную активность ферментов в сусле, обеспечивая оптимальный уровень pH на протяжении всего процесса пивоварения.
Purac FCC улучшает выход экстракта и ферментируемость.
Purac FCC подходит для пива, в котором не требуются другие анионы, например, для пильзенских лагеров.
Purac FCC также можно использовать для снижения pH конечного сусла или продуктов.



РЕКОМЕНДУЕМЫЕ СМЕСИ PURAC FCC:
Purac FCC хорошо работает в сочетании с витаминами A, B и C.
Обязательно проверяйте конечный уровень pH не ниже 3,5 при объединении нескольких кислых ингредиентов вместе.



КАК РАБОТАЕТ PURAC FCC:
Purac FCC работает путем удаления верхнего слоя клеток кожи, который обычно состоит из омертвевших клеток кожи.
Purac FCC также увеличивает естественную способность кожи удерживать влагу, придавая ей увлажненный вид.



КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯ И РАСТВОРИМОСТЬ PURAC FCC:
Purac FCC рекомендуется использовать в концентрации 1–5%.
Purac FCC растворим в воде, спирте и глицерине, но нерастворим в масле.



КАК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ PURAC FCC:
Подготовьте масляную и водную фазы вашего состава отдельно.
Нагрейте масляную и водную фазы, используя пароварку.
Добавьте Purac FCC к водной фазе, постоянно перемешивая.
Смешайте обе фазы вместе с помощью мини-миксера или большой кисточки для смешивания.



ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА PURAC FCC:
Конечное использование: Пищевая добавка
Цвет: желтый, прозрачный, бесцветный
Запах: Характерный
pH: < 1,2 при 25 °C (77 °F)
Точка кипения: 120–130 °C (248–266 °F).
Температура вспышки: Не применимо
Температура самовоспламенения: > 400 °C (> 752 °F)
Вязкость, динамическая: 5–60 мПа•с при 25 °C (77 °F)
Поставщик: Purac America Inc.
КАС: 79-33-4
Применение: ароматизаторы, добавки-консерванты.
Химическая форма: Жидкость
Продукт: L-молочная кислота
Форма: жидкость
Сорт: съедобный специальный

Цвет: свежий макс. 50 афа
Цвет, 6 месяцев, макс. 25°C. 50 афа
Запах: приятный
Стереохимическая чистота (L-изомер): мин. 95%
Анализ: 87,5-88,5% мас./мас.
Плотность: при 20°С 1,20-1,22 г/мл.
Сульфатная зола макс.: 0,1%
Общее содержание тяжелых металлов макс.: 10 ppm
Железо макс.: 10 частей на миллион
Мышьяк макс.: 1 ppm
Кальций макс.: 20 ppm
Хлорид макс.: 10 ppm
Сульфат макс.: 20 ppm
Снижение уровня сахара: проходит тест FCC
Молекулярная формула: CH3CHOHCOOH.
Молекулярный вес: 90
Химическое название: 2-гидроксипропионовая кислота.

Запах: без запаха
Точка плавления/точка замерзания:
Температура плавления: 18 °C при 1,013 гПа.
Начальная точка кипения и диапазон кипения: 122 °C при 18,66–19,99 гПа.
Горючесть (твердого тела, газа): Данные отсутствуют.
Верхний/нижний пределы воспламеняемости или взрывоопасности: данные отсутствуют.
Температура вспышки: 113 °C – в закрытом тигле.
Температура самовоспламенения: 400 °С при 1,011,4 – 1,018,9 гПа.
Температура разложения: Данные отсутствуют.
pH: данные отсутствуют
Вязкость
Вязкость, кинематическая: Нет данных.
Вязкость, динамическая: данные отсутствуют.
Растворимость в воде: 100 г/л при 20 °C – растворим.

Коэффициент распределения: н-октанол/вода:
log Pow: около -0,54 при 25 °C - Биоаккумуляции не ожидается.
Давление пара: данные отсутствуют.
Плотность: 1,25 г/см3 при 15 °C
Относительная плотность: данные отсутствуют.
Относительная плотность пара: данные отсутствуют.
Характеристики частиц: данные отсутствуют.
Взрывоопасные свойства: данные отсутствуют.
Окислительные свойства: нет
Другая информация по безопасности:
Поверхностное натяжение 70,7 мН/м при 1 г/л при 20 °C.
Формула: H₃CCH(OH)COOH
ММ: 90,08 г/моль
Температура кипения: 122 °C (20 гПа)
Плотность: 1,11…1,21 г/см³ (20 °С)
Температура хранения: Окружающая среда
Номер леев: MFCD00004520
Номер CAS: 50-21-5
ЕИНЭКС: 200-018-0

КАС: 50-21-5
МФ: C3H6O3
МВт: 90,08
ЕИНЭКС: 200-018-0
Мол Файл: 50-21-5.mol
Химические свойства молочной кислоты
Температура плавления: 18°C.
альфа: -0,05 º (c = чистая 25 ºC)
Точка кипения: 122 °C/15 мм рт. ст. (лит.)
плотность: 1,209 г/мл при 25 °C (лит.)
плотность пара: 0,62 (по сравнению с воздухом)
давление пара: 19 мм рт.ст. (@ 20°C)
ФЕМА: 2611 | МОЛОЧНАЯ КИСЛОТА
показатель преломления: n20/D 1,4262

Фп: >230 °F
температура хранения: 2-8°C
растворимость: смешивается с водой и этанолом (96 процентов).
форма: сироп
рка: 3,08 (при 100 ℃ )
Удельный вес: 1,209
цвет: от бесцветного до желтого
Растворимость в воде: РАСТВОРИМЫЙ
Мерк: 145 336
Номер JECFA: 930
РН: 1209341
Стабильность: Стабильная.
Физическое состояние: вязкий
Цвет: бесцветный



МЕРЫ ПЕРВОЙ ПОМОЩИ PURAC FCC:
-Описание мер первой помощи:
*При вдыхании:
При вдыхании выведите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
*При попадании на кожу:
Смыть большим количеством воды с мылом.
*В случае зрительного контакта:
В качестве меры предосторожности промойте глаза водой.
*При проглатывании:
Никогда не давайте ничего перорально человеку, находящемуся без сознания. Прополоскать рот водой.
-Указание на необходимость немедленной медицинской помощи и специального лечения:
Данные недоступны



МЕРЫ ПРИ СЛУЧАЙНОМ ВЫБРОСЕ PURAC FCC:
-Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
-Методы и материалы для локализации и очистки:
Хранить в подходящих закрытых контейнерах для утилизации.



МЕРЫ ПОЖАРОТУШЕНИЯ PURAC FCC:
-Средства пожаротушения:
*Подходящие средства пожаротушения:
Используйте водяной спрей, спиртостойкую пену, сухие химикаты или углекислый газ.
-Дальнейшая информация:
Данные недоступны



КОНТРОЛЬ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ/ПЕРСОНАЛЬНАЯ ЗАЩИТА PURAC FCC:
-Параметры управления:
--Ингредиенты с параметрами контроля на рабочем месте:
-Средства контроля воздействия:
--Средства индивидуальной защиты:
*Защита глаз/лица:
Используйте средства защиты глаз.
*Защита кожи:
Работайте в перчатках.
Вымойте и высушите руки.
*Защита тела:
Непроницаемая одежда
*Защита органов дыхания:
Защита органов дыхания не требуется.
-Контроль воздействия на окружающую среду:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ PURAC FCC:
-Условия безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:
*Условия хранения:
Хранить в прохладном месте.
Хранить контейнер плотно закрытым в сухом и хорошо проветриваемом месте.
Открытые контейнеры необходимо тщательно закрыть и хранить в вертикальном положении во избежание утечки.



СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ И РЕАКЦИОННАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ PURAC FCC:
-Реактивность:
Данные недоступны
-Химическая стабильность:
Стабилен при рекомендуемых условиях хранения.
-Возможность опасных реакций:
Данные недоступны
-Условия, чтобы избежать:
Данные недоступны

4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid monohydrate; Toluol-4-sulfonsäure; ácido tolueno-4-sulfónico; Acide toluène-4-sulfonique; p-tsa monohydrate; Methylbenzenesulfonic acid monohydrate; PTSA monohydrate; Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; Tosic acid monohydrate; cas no : 6192-52-5

PVM/MA COPOLYMER, N° CAS : 9011-16-9, Nom INCI : PVM/MA COPOLYMER. Classification : Polymère de synthèse. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Agent de fixation capillaire : Permet de contrôler le style du cheveu. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français : 2,5-FURANDIONE, POLYMER WITH METHOXYETHENE; POLYMERE DU METHOXYETHENE ET DU FURANNE-2,5-DIONE. Noms anglais : MALEIC ANHYDRIDE, POLYMER WITH METHYL VINYL ETHER; METHYL VINYL ETHER-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE POLYMER ; Utilisation et sources d'émission. Fabrication de produits textiles, fabrication de colles ou adhésifs

cas no 9003-39-8 Plasdone; PVP; Polyvidone; Povidone; 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one homopolymer; Plasdone K29-32; Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30; Crospovidone;

PVP K 30 PVP K 30 is a film former in hair styling products. PVP is an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions. PVP can also be a dispersant for hair colorants. PVP K 30 is available as 100% powder and as 20% aqueous solution. PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) K-30 polymer is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer. PVP K 30 is a linear nonionic polymer that is soluble in water and organic solvents and is pH stable. PVP K 30 forms hard glossy transparent films and have adhesive and cohesive properties. General description Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commercially known as K30, is a water soluble polymer. It has a hygroscopic nature with good adhesive properties. It has a stable pH and has the ability to form transparent films. Application PVP has a wide range of usage such as: • an adhesive for making gluesticks and metal adhesives • a dispersant for ceramics • coatings and inks • formation of synthetic fibres and textiles • porous membranes The PVP K 30 E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP K 30 copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. Storage and handling of PVP K 30 PVP K 30 copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 30 polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 30) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. USES PVP K 30 is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives PVP K 30 is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP K 30 is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization PVP K 30 is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT) PVP K 30 is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters PVP K 30 is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating PVP K 30 is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels PVP K 30 is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation PVP K 30 is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer PVP K 30 is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR PVP K 30 is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly PVP K 30 is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells Other uses of PVP K-30 solution PVP K 30 binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. Applications and Usage Notes of PVP K 30 Adhesives – pressure-sensitive and water-remoistenable types, food packaging (indirect food contact), metal adhesives, abrasives, sandcore binder, rubber to metal adhesives and glue sticks. Ceramics – binder in high temperature fire-prepared products such as clay, pottery, porcelain, brick product, dispersant for ceramic media slurries and viscosity modifier. Coatings/lnks – digital printing coating, ball-point inks, protective colloid and leveling agent for emulsion polymers/ coatings/ printing inks, pigment dispersant, water colors for commercial art, temporary protective coatings, paper coatings, waxes and polishes. Electronic Applications – storage batteries, printed circuits, cathode ray tubes, binder for metal salts or amalgams in batteries, gold, nickel, copper and zinc plating, a thickener for solar gel ponds and as an adhesive to prevent leakage of batteries, serves as an expander in cadmium-type electrodes, binder in sintered-nickel powder plates. Membranes – macroporous, multiporous, desalination, gas separating, liquid ultrafiltration, hemodialysis, selective permeability types of membranes, hollow fiber membranes. Metallurgy – processing for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coating ingredient to aid or remove material from metal surfaces such as copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum, used in metal quenchant baths. Paper – cellulose papers, rag stock, rag stripping, copying paper, printing paper and electric insulating papers, paper adhesives. Polymerizations – acrylic monomers, unsaturated polyesters, olefins, including PVC, polystyrene beads, substrate for graft polymerization, template in acrylic polymerization. The PVP K 30 W copolymers PVP K 30 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 30 W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 30 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 30, PVP K 30 E-535 and PVP K 30 E-335. In general, PVP K 30 is less hygroscopic than PVP. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. PVP K-30 20% Solution is a film former in hair styling products. It has an average molecular weight of 1,300,000 in Daltons. Polyvinylpyrrolidone. PVP K-30 solution is a film former. It is suggested for use in hair styling formualations. PVP K-30 solution is a 20 percent solution. It stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions. It forms clear, hard & glossy film. PVP K 30 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 30 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. What is PVP K 30 Copolymer? PVP K 30 Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. The advantages of using PVP K 30 copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP K 30 copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties • E = ethanol (EtOH), I = isopropanol, W = water, S = solid To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP K 30 copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. PVP K 30 copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 30 polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 30) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 30 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 30 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. PVP K 30 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP K 30 and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 30 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 30 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Key Attributes of PVP K 30 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the pyrrolidone ring. High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts. Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Hydrophilicity, where the water solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable in numerous applications. Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application. Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques. In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 30) copolymer compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP K 30 , N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP K 30 acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP K 30 finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP K 30 thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP K 30 used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP K 30 provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. Uses of PVP K-30 solution Medical uses of PVP K-30 solution PVP K 30 was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP K 30 is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption. The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP K 30 added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties. This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP K 30 is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost. PVP K 30 is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. PVP K 30 is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions. PVP K 30 is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP K 30 is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP K 30 can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP K 30 is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium. PVP K 30 can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production. Safety of PVP K 30 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses, and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP K 30 has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP K 30 component of the solution. A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP. In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP. Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP K 30 instead. Properties of PVP K 30 PVP K 30 is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin). When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP K 30 and its oxidized hydrolyzate. History of PVP K 30 PVP K 30 was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP K 30 was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. The PVP K 30 copolymer PVP K 30 copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. PVP K 30 copolymer is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 30 W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP K 30 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 30 E-735 copolymer, PVP K 30 E-535 copolymer and PVP K 30 E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP K 30 copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. PVP K 30 copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP K 30 copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP K 30 copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP K 30 copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists. PVP K 30 is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene. PVP K 30 is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP K 30 monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 30 Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP K 30 (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP K 30 tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP K 30 Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid.

PVP K 60 Applications and Usage Notes Adhesives – pressure-sensitive and water-remoistenable types, food packaging (indirect food contact), metal adhesives, abrasives, sandcore binder, rubber to metal adhesives and glue sticks. Ceramics – binder in high temperature fire-prepared products such as clay, pottery, porcelain, brick product, dispersant for ceramic media slurries and viscosity modifier. Coatings/lnks – digital printing coating, ball-point inks, water colors for commercial art, temporary protective coatings, paper coatings. Lithography and Photography – foil emulsions, etch coatings, plate storage, gumming of lithographic plates, dampener roll solutions, photo and laser imaging processes. Metallurgy – processing for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coating ingredient to aid or remove material from metal surfaces such as copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum, used in metal quenchant baths. Paper – inorganic papers, cellulose papers, rag stock, rag stripping, coloring and beating operations, copying paper, printing paper and electric insulating papers, paper adhesives. PVP K 60 polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 60) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. Application of PVP K 60 Polyvinylpyrrolidone solution (PVP) is also known as K60 and can be used in a variety of applications such as biomedical, tissue engineering, and medical materials. To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP K 60 copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. PVP K 60 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 60 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. PVP K 60 Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. PVP K 60 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 60 W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Other uses of PVP K-60 solution PVP K 60 binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP K 60 is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions. PVP K 60 is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP K 60 is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP K 60 can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP K 60 is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium. PVP K 60 can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production. Safety of PVP K 60 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses, and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP K 60 has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP K 60 component of the solution. A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP. In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP. Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP K 60 instead. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 60 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 60, PVP K 60 E-535 and PVP K 60 E-335. In general, PVP K 60 is less hygroscopic than PVP. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Storage and handling of PVP K 60 PVP K 60 copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. PVP K-60 20% Solution is a film former in hair styling products. It has an average molecular weight of 1,300,000 in Daltons. Polyvinylpyrrolidone. PVP K-60 solution is a film former. It is suggested for use in hair styling formualations. PVP K-60 solution is a 20 percent solution. It stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions. It forms clear, hard & glossy film. In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 60) copolymer compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP K 60 , N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. The advantages of using PVP K 60 copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP K 60 copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties Key Attributes of PVP K 60 -Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the pyrrolidone ring. -High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts. -Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone. -Hydrophilicity, where the water solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable in numerous applications. -Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application. -Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques. Applications and Usage Notes of PVP K 60 -Adhesives – pressure-sensitive and water-remoistenable types, food packaging (indirect food contact), metal adhesives, abrasives, sandcore binder, rubber to metal adhesives and glue sticks. -Ceramics – binder in high temperature fire-prepared products such as clay, pottery, porcelain, brick product, dispersant for ceramic media slurries and viscosity modifier. -Coatings/lnks – digital printing coating, ball-point inks, protective colloid and leveling agent for emulsion polymers/ coatings/ printing inks, pigment dispersant, water colors for commercial art, temporary protective coatings, paper coatings, waxes and polishes. -Electronic Applications – storage batteries, printed circuits, cathode ray tubes, binder for metal salts or amalgams in batteries, gold, nickel, copper and zinc plating, a thickener for solar gel ponds and as an adhesive to prevent leakage of batteries, serves as an expander in cadmium-type electrodes, binder in sintered-nickel powder plates. -Membranes – macroporous, multiporous, desalination, gas separating, liquid ultrafiltration, hemodialysis, selective permeability types of membranes, hollow fiber membranes. -Metallurgy – processing for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coating ingredient to aid or remove material from metal surfaces such as copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum, used in metal quenchant baths. -Paper – cellulose papers, rag stock, rag stripping, copying paper, printing paper and electric insulating papers, paper adhesives. -Polymerizations – acrylic monomers, unsaturated polyesters, olefins, including PVC, polystyrene beads, substrate for graft polymerization, template in acrylic polymerization. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. PVP K 60 copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP K 60 acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP K 60 finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP K 60 thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP K 60 used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP K 60 provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. PVP K 60 is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene. PVP K 60 is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP K 60 monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 60 Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP K 60 (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP K 60 tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP K 60 Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. PVP K 60 polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 60) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 60 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 60 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. PVP K 60 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP K 60 and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 60 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 60 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Uses of PVP K-60 solution Medical uses of PVP K-60 solution PVP K 60 was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP K 60 is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption. The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP K 60 added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties. This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP K 60 is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost. PVP K 60 is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Properties of PVP K 60 PVP K 60 is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin). When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP K 60 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 60 E-735 copolymer, PVP K 60 E-535 copolymer and PVP K 60 E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP K 60 copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. USES of PVP K 60 It is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives It is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP K 60 is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization It is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT) PVP K 60 is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters It is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating It is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels PVP K 60 is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation It is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer It is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR PVP K 60 is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly PVP K 60 is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells PVP K 60 copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP K 60 copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP K 60 copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP K 60 copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists. History of PVP K 60 PVP K 60 was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP K 60 was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. The PVP K 60 copolymer PVP K 60 copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. PVP K 60 copolymer is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 60 W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution.

PVP K 85 PVP K 85 Solution is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a clear aqueous solution. It can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. This product is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. PVP products are recommended for dishwashing, fabric care, household cleaning, and industrial and institutional cleaning applications. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K 85). It is in form of aqueous solution. It is linear, random and is produced by the free-radical polymerization. It is hygroscopic and amorphous. It has high polarity, dispersany, adhesion and cohesion. It forms hard, glossy and oxygen permeable film. It is soluble in water and polar solvents. Insoluble in esters, ethers, ketones and hydrocarbons. Suitable for digital ink-jet printing. PVP K 85 100% Powder is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film. PVP is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins. PVP stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions. While PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade PVP can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes. PVP K 85 100% Powder appears as a white powder. PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) K-85 polymer is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer. They are linear nonionic polymers that are soluble in water and organic solvents and are pH stable. PVP K 85 forms hard glossy transparent films and have adhesive, cohesive and dispersive properties. Key Attributes of PVP K 85  Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the pyrrolidone ring.  High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.  Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone.  Hydrophilicity, where the water solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.  Adhesion, taking advantage of the molecular weight PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.  Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques. Applications and Usage Notes  Adhesives – pressure-sensitive and water-remoistenable types of adhesives, food packaging (indirect food contact), metal adhesives, abrasives, sandcore binder, rubber to metal adhesives and glue sticks.  Ceramics – binder in high temperature fire prepared products such as clay, pottery, porcelain, brick product, dispersant for ceramic media slurries and viscosity modifier.  Glass and Glass Fibers – acts as a binder, lubricant and coating agent.  Coatings/lnks – digital printing coating, ball-point inks, protective colloid and leveling agent for emulsion polymers/ coatings/ printing inks, pigment dispersant, water-colors for commercial art, temporary protective coatings, paper coatings, waxes and polishes.  Electronic Applications – storage batteries, printed circuits, cathode ray tubes, binder for metal salts or amalgams in batteries, gold, nickel, copper and zinc plating, a thickener for solar gel ponds and as an adhesive to prevent leakage of batteries, serves as an expander in cadmium-type electrodes, binder in sintered-nickel powder plates.  Lithography and Photography – foil emulsions, etch coatings, plate storage, gumming of litho- graphic plates, dampener roll solutions, photo and laser imaging processes, microencapsulation, thermal recording, carrier, finisher preserver of lithographic plates, thermal transfer recording ribbons and optical recording discs.  Fibers and Textiles – synthetic fibers, dyeing and printing, fugitive tinting, dye stripping and dispersant, scouring, delustering, sizing and finishing, greaseproofing aid, soil release agent. Widely used as dye dispersant and to disperse titanium dioxide.  Membranes – macroporous, multiporous, desalination, gas separating, liquid ultrafiltration, hemodialysis, selective permeability types of membranes, hollow fiber membranes.  Metallurgy – processing for both ferrous and non ferrous metals, coating ingredient to aid or remove material from metal surfaces such as copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum.  Paper – inorganic papers, cellulose papers, rag stock, rag stripping, coloring and beating operations, copying paper, printing paper and electric insulating papers, paper adhesives.  Polymerizations – acrylic monomers, unsaturated polyesters, olefins, including PVC, styrene beads, substrate for graft polymerization, template in acrylic polymerization.  Water and Waste Treatment, and Hygiene – clogging of reverse osmosis membranes, water treatment in fish hatchery ponds, removal of oil, dyes from waste water and waste water clarifier in papermaking, in deodorants for neutralization of irritant and poisonous gas, in air conditioning filters. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K 85) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/85 to 85/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 85 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (85, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 85 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. What is PVP K 85 Copolymer? PVP K 85 Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. Ashland offers formulators a series of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers. Members of the PVP K 85 copolymer series serve as primary film formers in a variety of products demanding different degrees of water resistance. These copolymers feature specific affinity for hair, skin and smooth surfaces such as wood, glass, paper, and metal, yet do not require solvents for removal. The advantages of using PVP K 85 copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP K 85 copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties • E = ethanol (EtOH), I = isopropanol, W = water, S = solid The PVP K 85 E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP K 85 copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. The PVP K 85 copolymer PVP K 85 copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. The PVP K 85 W copolymers PVP K 85 copolymer is a 70/85 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 85 W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP K 85 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 85 E-735 copolymer, PVP K 85 E-535 copolymer and PVP K 85 E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP K 85 copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. PVP K 85 copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP K 85 copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP K 85 copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP K 85 copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists. Storage and handling PVP K 85 copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 85 polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 85 ) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/85 to 85/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 85 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (85, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 85 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP K 85 E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP K 85 copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP K 85 W copolymers PVP K 85 is a 70/85 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 85 W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 85 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 85, PVP K 85 E-535 and PVP K 85 E-335. In general, PVP K 85 is less hygroscopic than PVP. Abstract In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 85 ) copolymer compositions (70/85, 60/40, 50/50 and 85/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP K 85 , N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP K 85 acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP K 85 finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP K 85 thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP K 85 used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP K 85 provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. PVP K 85 is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene.[2] PVP K 85 is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP K 85 monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives.[2] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 85 Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP K 85 (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP K 85 tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. (See image below) Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP K 85 Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. The PVP K 85 E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP K 85 copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-735, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. Storage and handling PVP K 85 copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 85 polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 85 ) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/85 to 85/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 85 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (85, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 85 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP K 85 W copolymers PVP K 85 is a 70/85 copolymer of PVP K 85 and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 85 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 85 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. USES Medical PVP K 85 was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP K 85 is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets;[2] it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.[3] The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP K 85 added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.[4] This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP K 85 is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.[5] PVP K 85 is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Technical PVP K 85 is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives PVP K 85 is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP K 85 is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization PVP K 85 is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT)[9] PVP K 85 is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters PVP K 85 is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating PVP K 85 is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels[10] PVP K 85 is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation PVP K 85 is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer[citation needed] PVP K 85 is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR [11] PVP K 85 is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly[12] PVP K 85 is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells[13] Other uses PVP K 85 binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP K 85 is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.[14][15] PVP K 85 is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP K 85 is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP K 85 can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP K 85 is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.[16] PVP K 85 can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.[17] Safety of PVP K 85 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses,[18] and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP K 85 has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP K 85 component of the solution.[19] A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP.[20] In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP.[21] Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP K 85 instead. Properties of PVP K 85 PVP K 85 is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol,[24] as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).[25] When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP K 85 and its oxidized hydrolyzate. History of PVP K 85 PVP K 85 was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP K 85 was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production.

PVP K 90 PVP K 90 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 90 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. What is PVP K 90 Copolymer? PVP K 90 Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Storage and handling of PVP K 90 PVP K 90 copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 90 polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. The PVP K 90 E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP K 90 copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP K 90 W copolymers PVP K 90 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 90 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 90, PVP K 90 E-535 and PVP K 90 E-335. In general, PVP K 90 is less hygroscopic than PVP. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. PVP K-90 20% Solution is a film former in hair styling products. It has an average molecular weight of 1,300,000 in Daltons. Polyvinylpyrrolidone. PVP K-90 solution is a film former. It is suggested for use in hair styling formualations. PVP K-90 solution is a 20 percent solution. It stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions. It forms clear, hard & glossy film. Key Attributes of PVP K 90 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the pyrrolidone ring. High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts. Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Hydrophilicity, where the water solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable in numerous applications. Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application. Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques. Applications and Usage Notes of PVP K 90 Adhesives – pressure-sensitive and water-remoistenable types, food packaging (indirect food contact), metal adhesives, abrasives, sandcore binder, rubber to metal adhesives and glue sticks. Ceramics – binder in high temperature fire-prepared products such as clay, pottery, porcelain, brick product, dispersant for ceramic media slurries and viscosity modifier. Coatings/lnks – digital printing coating, ball-point inks, protective colloid and leveling agent for emulsion polymers/ coatings/ printing inks, pigment dispersant, water colors for commercial art, temporary protective coatings, paper coatings, waxes and polishes. Electronic Applications – storage batteries, printed circuits, cathode ray tubes, binder for metal salts or amalgams in batteries, gold, nickel, copper and zinc plating, a thickener for solar gel ponds and as an adhesive to prevent leakage of batteries, serves as an expander in cadmium-type electrodes, binder in sintered-nickel powder plates. Membranes – macroporous, multiporous, desalination, gas separating, liquid ultrafiltration, hemodialysis, selective permeability types of membranes, hollow fiber membranes. Metallurgy – processing for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coating ingredient to aid or remove material from metal surfaces such as copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum, used in metal quenchant baths. Paper – cellulose papers, rag stock, rag stripping, copying paper, printing paper and electric insulating papers, paper adhesives. Polymerizations – acrylic monomers, unsaturated polyesters, olefins, including PVC, polystyrene beads, substrate for graft polymerization, template in acrylic polymerization. Abstract of PVP K-90 solution In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90) copolymer compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP K 90 , N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. The advantages of using PVP K 90 copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP K 90 copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties • E = ethanol (EtOH), I = isopropanol, W = water, S = solid The PVP K 90 E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP K 90 copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. PVP K 90 copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 90 polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 90 copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 90 copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. PVP K 90 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP K 90 and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 90 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP K 90 acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP K 90 finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP K 90 thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP K 90 used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP K 90 provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. PVP K 90 is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene. PVP K 90 is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP K 90 monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 90 Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP K 90 (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP K 90 tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP K 90 Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. Uses of PVP K-90 solution Medical uses of PVP K-90 solution PVP K 90 was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP K 90 is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption. The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP K 90 added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties. This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP K 90 is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost. PVP K 90 is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Properties of PVP K 90 PVP K 90 is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin). When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP K 90 and its oxidized hydrolyzate. History of PVP K 90 PVP K 90 was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP K 90 was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. The PVP K 90 copolymer PVP K 90 copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. PVP K 90 copolymer is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP K 90 copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 90 E-735 copolymer, PVP K 90 E-535 copolymer and PVP K 90 E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP K 90 copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. PVP K 90 copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP K 90 copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP K 90 copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP K 90 copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists. USES PVP K 90 is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives PVP K 90 is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP K 90 is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization PVP K 90 is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT) PVP K 90 is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters PVP K 90 is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating PVP K 90 is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels PVP K 90 is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation PVP K 90 is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer PVP K 90 is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR PVP K 90 is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly PVP K 90 is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells Other uses of PVP K-90 solution PVP K 90 binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP K 90 is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions. PVP K 90 is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP K 90 is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP K 90 can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP K 90 is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium. PVP K 90 can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production. Safety of PVP K 90 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses, and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP K 90 has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP K 90 component of the solution. A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP. In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP. Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP K 90 instead.

PVP K 90 растворим в воде и многих органических растворителях, образует твердую, прозрачную, блестящую пленку.
PVP K 90 совместим с большинством неорганических солей и многими смолами.
ПВП К 90 стабилизирует эмульсии, дисперсии и суспензии.

КАС: 9003-39-8
ПФ: канал 4
МВт: 16.04246
ИНЭКС: 1312995-182-4

PVP K 90, также обычно называемый поливидоном или повидоном, представляет собой водорастворимый полимер, изготовленный из мономера N-винилпирролидона.
PVP K 90 доступен в диапазоне молекулярной массы и соответствующей вязкости и может быть выбран в соответствии с желаемыми свойствами применения.
В то время как PVP K 90 используется в качестве пленкообразователя в средствах для укладки волос, PVP K 90 также может использоваться в качестве стабилизатора эмульсии в кремах и лосьонах и в качестве диспергатора красок для волос. Кроме того, фармацевтический PVP K 90 можно использовать в зубных пастах и ополаскивателях для рта.
PVP K 90 выглядит как белый порошок.

ПВП К 90, сокращенно ПВП, представляет собой полимер винилпирролидона.
В зависимости от степени полимеризации ПВП К 90 подразделяется на растворимый ПВП и нерастворимый ПВПП (поливинилполипирролидон).
Молекулярная масса растворимого ПВП К 90 составляет от 8000 до 10000.
Растворимый ПВП К 90 можно использовать в качестве осаждающего агента, который может осаждаться за счет его взаимодействия с полифенолами.
Используя этот метод, ПВП К 90 легко может иметь остаточный ПВП в спирте.
В связи с накопительным эффектом ПВП К 90 внутри организма человека Всемирная организация здравоохранения не рекомендует применять это вещество.

В последние годы применение растворимого ПВП К 90 стало редкостью.
Нерастворимая система ПВП К 90 начала использоваться в пивоваренной промышленности с начала 1960-х годов.
PVP K 90 имеет относительную молекулярную массу, превышающую относительную массу более 700000.
ПВП К 90 представляет собой нерастворимый полимер, полученный в результате дальнейшего сшивания и полимеризации ПВП, и может быть использован в качестве адсорбента полифенолов с хорошей эффективностью.

ПВП К 90 является одним из трех основных фармацевтических новых наполнителей и может использоваться в качестве сорастворителя таблеток, гранул и инъекций, в качестве скользящего вещества капсул, в качестве диспергатора жидких препаратов и красителя, в качестве стабилизатора. чувствительных к ферментам и теплу лекарств, в качестве соосаждающего агента плохо растворимых лекарств и в качестве детоксиканта офтальмологических лекарств и лубрикантов.
ПВП К 90 используется в промышленности в качестве добавки к пенополистиролу, гелеобразующего агента для суспензионной полимеризации, стабилизатора и агента для обработки волокон, вспомогательных средств для обработки бумаги, клеев и загустителей.

PVP K 90 и его сополимеры CAP являются важным сырьем для косметики, в основном используемым для удерживания волос.
Пленка ПВП К 90, образующаяся на волосах, эластичная и блестящая, обладает отличной прочесываемостью и не содержит пыли.
Принятие различных категорий смолы может соответствовать различным климатическим условиям относительной влажности.
Таким образом, ПВП К 90 является незаменимым сырьем для кремов, гелей и муссов для укладки волос.
PVP K 90 также можно использовать для косметических средств, увлажняющих кожу и диспергаторов для окрашивания волос на основе жира, а также в качестве стабилизаторов пены и может улучшить консистенцию шампуня.
Нерастворимый ПВП К 90 является стабилизатором пива и сока, который может улучшить их прозрачность, цвет и вкус.

PVP K 90 – водорастворимый полиамид.
Коммерчески доступный ПВП К 90 подразделяется на четыре класса вязкости в соответствии с его значением пресс-К (значение Фикенчера): К-15, К-30, К-60, К-90, со средней молекулярной массой 10000, 40000, 160000. и 360000 соответственно.
Значение K или молекулярная масса являются важным фактором, определяющим различные свойства ПВП.
ПВП К 90 растворяется в воде, хлорсодержащих растворителях, спирте, амине, нитропарафине и низкомолекулярных жирных кислотах, взаиморастворим с большинством неорганических солей и различными смолами; нерастворим в ацетоне и эфире.

ПВП К 90, используемый для матрицы таблеток-капельниц, представляет собой воскообразное твердое вещество без запаха и вкуса от белого до бледно-желтого цвета с относительной плотностью 1,062 и рН 5% водного раствора от 3 до 7.
ПВП К 90 гигроскопичен и обладает хорошей термической стабильностью, может растворяться в различных органических растворителях и имеет высокую температуру плавления.
Добавление некоторых природных или синтетических полимеров или органических соединений может эффективно регулировать гигроскопичность и мягкость PVP K 90.
ПВП К 90 не вступает в химическую реакцию.
При нормальных условиях хранения сухой ПВП К 90 достаточно стабилен.
PVP K 90 обладает отличной физической инерцией и биосовместимостью, не раздражает кожу, не раздражает глаза, не вызывает аллергических реакций и не токсичен.

Из-за эффекта водородных связей или комплексообразования вязкость ПВП К 90 увеличивается, что дополнительно препятствует образованию и росту кристаллизованных зародышей лекарств, делая лекарство в аморфном состоянии.
Капельница, матрицей которой является ПВП К 90, может улучшить растворение и биодоступность плохо растворимых лекарств.
В целом, чем больше количество ПВП К 90, тем выше растворение и растворимость лекарственного средства в среде.
Susana et al. изучали растворение твердого диспергатора PVP K 90 слаборастворимого лекарственного средства альбендазола.
Повышенное количество ПВП К 90 может повысить скорость растворения и эффективность лекарственного средства внутри твердого диспергатора.

Teresa и соавт. исследовали растворение плохо растворимых лекарственных средств, флунаризина, в твердом диспергаторе PVP K 90 и получили аналогичный вывод.
PVP K 90 также обнаружил, что чем выше его содержание, тем значительнее увеличение растворения.
ИР показал, что флунаризин и ПВП К 90 не вступают в химическую реакцию, за исключением некоторых случаев, когда наилучшая эффективность растворения достигается только при определенном соотношении некоторых препаратов с ПВП.
Tantishaiyakul et al. обнаружили, что: когда соотношение пироксикама: ПВП К 90 составляет 1:5 и 1:6, растворение твердого диспергатора является максимальным, в 40 раз превышающим растворение одного лекарственного средства в течение 5 минут.
PVP K 90 также может быть растворен в другой расплавленной матрице пилюли, такой как полиэтиленгликоль (ПЭГ), полиоксиэтиленмоностеарат (S-40), полоксамер и стеариловая кислота, глицерилмоностеарат и т. д. для получения сложной матрицы.

ПВП К 90, полимер винилпирролидинона, является вспомогательным веществом, используемым в качестве суспендирующего и диспергирующего агента.
Инъекционные препараты, содержащие полимеры с молекулярной массой порядка 12 000, вызывают болезненные локальные гранулематозные поражения.
Это привело к изъятию PVP K 90 из таких препаратов в некоторых странах.
PVP K 90 ранее также использовался в качестве расширителя плазмы, но, поскольку он изолировался в печени и селезенке, его использование было прекращено.
Однако ПВП К 90 по-прежнему широко используется в качестве носителя для офтальмологических препаратов и в качестве основного компонента искусственных слез.

Химические свойства ПВП К 90
Температура плавления: >300°С
Температура кипения: 90-93°С
Плотность: 1,69 г/см3
Температура хранения: 2-8°C
Растворимость H2O: растворим 100 мг/мл
Форма: порошок
Цвет: от белого до желто-белого
РН: 3,0-5,0
Растворимость в воде: Растворим в воде.
Чувствительный: гигроскопичный
Мерк: 14 7697
Стабильность: Стабильная. Несовместим с сильными окислителями.
Чувствителен к свету. гигроскопичен.
ИнХИ: ИнХИ=1S/C8H15NO/c1-3-7(2)9-6-4-5-8(9)10/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: FAAHNQAYWKTLFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IARC: 3 (Том 19, Доп. 7, 71) 1987 г.
Система регистрации веществ EPA: PVP K 90 (9003-39-8)

Обычно используемый уровень PVP K 90 в косметической промышленности - это K-30.
Промышленный ПВП К 90 представляет собой белый сыпучий порошок или твердые вещества с содержанием его в массовой доле 20%, 30%, 45% и 50% водного раствора.
ПВП К 90 растворим в воде и гигроскопичен, равновесная влажность составляет 1/3 от относительной влажности окружающей среды.
Подобно действию гидратации белка, каждый мономер связывается с 0,5 моль воды.
PVP K 90 не легко вступает в химическую реакцию.

При хранении в нормальных условиях сухой ПВП К 90 достаточно стабилен.
Раствор, прошедший обработку от плесени, также стабилен.
При нагревании на воздухе до 150 °C или при смешивании с персульфатом аммония для нагревания до 90 °C в течение 30 минут PVP K 90 превращается в нерастворимое в воде соединение.
В присутствии азосоединения или дихроматного окислителя свет превращает раствор ПВП К 90 в гель.
Совместное нагревание раствора PVP K 90 с сильным основанием (таким как силикат натрия или тринатрийфосфат) приводит к образованию осадка.
Многие различные соединения могут образовывать комплексы с ПВП.

Например, комплексы ПВП и йода очень стабильны, обладают хорошим бактерицидным действием и позволяют снизить его токсичность; Добавление сополимеров полиакриловой кислоты, дубильной кислоты или метилвинилового эфира и малеиновой кислоты к водному раствору ПВП К 90 приводит к образованию нерастворимых комплексов, нерастворимых в воде, спиртах и кетонах.
Но при обработке основанием для нейтрализации поликислота может обратить реакцию вспять; комплексообразование между ПВП К 90 и токсинами, лекарствами и ядохимикатами может снизить их токсичность; некоторые виды красителей также могут образовывать прочный комплекс с ПВП К 90, что является основанием для использования ПВП К 90 в качестве отбеливателя красителей.

ПВП К 90 представляет собой сшитый гомополимер чистого винилпирролидона.
PVP K 90 представляет собой гигроскопичный сыпучий порошок белого или почти белого цвета.
ПВП К 90 имеет легкий неприятный запах.
PVP K 90 нерастворим в обычных растворителях, таких как вода, этанол и эфир.
Таким образом, диапазон молекулярной массы PVP K 90 не может быть измерен.
Однако ПВП К 90 способен образовывать комплексы с различными видами веществ (такими как вещества класса «Ху», которые могут привести к обесцвечиванию различных вин и напитков).

Также ПВП К 90 легко удаляется после фильтрации из-за его нерастворимости.
PVP K 90 представляет собой мелкодисперсный гигроскопичный порошок от белого до кремово-белого цвета без запаха или почти без запаха.
ПВП К 90 со значениями К, равными или ниже 30, производятся методом распылительной сушки и имеют форму сфер.
Повидоны PVP K 90 и выше производятся барабанной сушкой в виде пластин.

ПВП К 90 растворим в воде и других полярных растворителях.
Например, ПВП К 90 растворим в различных спиртах, таких как метанол и этанол, а также в более экзотических растворителях, таких как глубокий эвтектический растворитель, образованный хлоридом холина и мочевиной (Релин).
В сухом виде ПВП К 90 представляет собой легкий чешуйчатый гигроскопичный порошок, легко поглощающий до 40% своего веса в атмосферной воде.
В растворе ПВП К 90 обладает отличными смачивающими свойствами и легко образует пленки.
Это делает ПВП К 90 хорошим в качестве покрытия или добавки к покрытиям.
Исследование 2014 года обнаружило флуоресцентные свойства PVP K 90 и его окисленного гидролизата.

Использование
В начале 1950-х годов старые лаки для волос с шеллаком и маслом были быстро заменены спреями PVP K 90, которые широко используются до сих пор.
PVP K 90 может образовывать на волосах влажную прозрачную пленку, которая блестит и обладает хорошим смазывающим эффектом.
PVP K 90 имеет хорошую совместимость с различными хорошими пропеллентами, а также обладает коррозионной стойкостью.
PVP K 90 широко используется в укладке волос, в качестве пленкообразователя в продуктах для расчесывания, в качестве креатинина и стабилизатора лосьонов и кремов по уходу за кожей, в качестве базового материала для косметики для глаз и лица и основы губной помады, а также в качестве диспергаторов красок для волос. и стабилизатор пены шампуня.

PVP K 90 оказывает дезинтоксикационное действие и может уменьшить раздражающее действие других препаратов на кожу и глаза.
PVP K 90 также используется в качестве моющих средств для зубных паст, желирующих агентов и антидотов.
Основным недостатком ПВП К 90 является его чувствительность к влаге.
Однако эту проблему можно решить, используя сополимер винилацетата, чтобы смягчить воздействие влаги и влажности.
Кроме того, PVP K 90 также широко применяется в фармацевтической, пищевой и текстильной промышленности.

Осветляющий агент; стабилизатор пигмента; коллоидный стабилизатор; PVP K 90 в основном используется для осветления пива и стабилизации качества (контрольное количество 8~20 г/100 л, выдерживается в течение 24 часов и удаляется фильтрацией), а также может применяться в сочетании с ферментами (протеазами) и белковыми адсорбентами.
PVP K 90 также используется для осветления вина и в качестве стабилизатора для предотвращения обесцвечивания (эталонное количество 24~72 г/100 л).
Осветляющие агенты; стабилизаторы; агент загустителя; наполнители для таблеток; диспергаторы; ПВП К 90 с молекулярной массой 360 000 часто используют в качестве осветлителя пива, уксуса и виноградного вина.
Используется в качестве фиксирующей жидкости для газовой хроматографии.

ПВП К 90 используется в качестве коллоидного стабилизатора и осветлителя для осветления пива. Применить надлежащее количество в соответствии с требованиями производства.
PVP K 90 может использоваться в фармацевтике, аквакультуре и животноводстве как дезинфицирующее средство для стерилизации кожи и слизистых.
Молекула ПВП К 90 имеет амидную связь для поглощения гидроксильных групп, расположенных в молекуле полифенола, с образованием водородных связей, и, следовательно, может использоваться в качестве стабилизатора пива, фруктового вина/виноградного вина и питьевого вина для продления срока их хранения и улучшения качества. прозрачность, цвет и вкус.
Продукты имеют две спецификации: одноразовый тип и тип регенерации.
Одноразовые изделия подходят для применения малыми и средними предприятиями; возобновляемые продукты требуют покупки специального фильтрующего оборудования; но поскольку PVP K 90 пригоден для повторного использования, он подходит для крупных пивоваренных заводов для ��овторного использования.

В ежедневной косметике ПВП К 90 и его сополимер обладают хорошими дисперсионными и пленкообразующими свойствами, поэтому их можно использовать в качестве фиксирующего лосьона, спрея для волос и мусса для укладки, в качестве замутнителей для средств по уходу за волосами, в качестве стабилизатора пены шампуня. в качестве агента для укладки волн, а также в качестве диспергаторов и агентов сродства в краске для волос.
Добавление PVP K 90 в крем, солнцезащитный крем и средство для удаления волос может усилить смачивающий и смазывающий эффект.
Использование превосходных свойств ПВП К 90, таких как поверхностная активность, пленкообразующее и не раздражающее кожу, отсутствие аллергических реакций и т. д., открывает широкие перспективы его применения в средствах по уходу за волосами и кожей.

ПВП К 90 используется в качестве клея в клеевых стержнях; эмульгатор и разрыхлитель для растворной полимеризации; добавка к буферу для экстракции РНК Доро; в качестве агента, улучшающего жидкофазную дисперсию, в спектроскопии упорядоченной диффузии (DOSY) ЯМР и в качестве загустителя в гелях для отбеливания зубов.
PVP K 90 находит применение в продуктах личной гигиены, таких как шампуни и зубные пасты, в чернилах для струйных принтеров, а также в растворах для контактных линз.
ПВП К 90 используется в качестве пищевой добавки и в винодельческой промышленности как осветлитель для белого вина.
PVP K 90 используется в качестве укупорочного агента для синтеза серебряных нанопроводов с помощью полиольного процесса.

Фармацевтические приложения
Хотя ПВП К 90 используется в различных фармацевтических препаратах, в основном он используется в твердых лекарственных формах.
При таблетировании растворы ПВП К 90 используются в качестве связующих в процессах влажной грануляции.
ПВП К 90 также добавляют к порошковым смесям в сухом виде и гранулируют на месте путем добавления воды, спирта или водно-спиртовых растворов.
PVP K 90 используется в качестве солюбилизатора в пероральных и парентеральных препаратах, и было показано, что он улучшает растворение плохо растворимых лекарств из твердых лекарственных форм.

Растворы PVP K 90 также можно использовать в качестве покрывающих агентов или связующих при нанесении активных фармацевтических ингредиентов на подложку, такую как сахарные шарики.
PVP K 90 дополнительно используется в качестве суспендирующего, стабилизирующего или повышающего вязкость агента в ряде суспензий и растворов для местного и перорального применения.
Растворимость ряда плохо растворимых активных лекарственных средств может быть увеличена путем смешивания с повидоном.
Специальные марки апирогенного ПВП К 90 доступны и используются в парентеральных препаратах.

Медицинский
ПВП К 90 используется в качестве связующего во многих фармацевтических таблетках; он просто проходит через тело при пероральном приеме.
ПВП К 90 при добавлении к йоду образует комплекс, называемый повидон-йод, который обладает дезинфицирующими свойствами.
PVP K 90 используется в различных продуктах, таких как растворы, мази, пессарии, жидкое мыло и хирургические скрабы.
PVP K 90 продается, среди прочего, под торговыми названиями Pyodine и Betadine.
PVP K 90 используется при плевродезе (сращении плевры из-за непрекращающегося плеврального выпота).
Для этой цели PVP K 90 столь же эффективен и безопасен, как и тальк, и может быть предпочтительным из-за доступности и низкой стоимости.

PVP K 90 используется в некоторых контактных линзах и их упаковочных растворах.
PVP K 90 снижает трение, действуя таким образом как смазка или смачивающий агент, встроенный в линзу.
PVP K 90 используется в качестве смазывающего вещества в некоторых глазных каплях, напр. Bausch & Lomb's Soothe.
PVP K 90 использовался в качестве расширителя объема плазмы для пострадавших после 1950-х годов.

PVP K 90 не рекомендуется использовать в качестве расширителя объема из-за его способности вызывать высвобождение гистамина, а также влиять на формирование группы крови.
Вскрытие показало, что PVP K 90 способствует повреждению легочных сосудов у лиц, злоупотребляющих психоактивными веществами, которые вводили инъекционные фармацевтические таблетки, предназначенные для перорального употребления.
Долгосрочные эффекты кросповидона или повидона в легких неизвестны.

Технические
PVP K 90 также используется во многих технических приложениях:
в качестве специальной добавки для аккумуляторов, керамики, стекловолокна, чернил и бумаги для струйных принтеров, а также в процессе химико-механической планаризации,
как эмульгатор и разрыхлитель для растворной полимеризации,
увеличить разрешение в фоторезистах для электронно-лучевых трубок (ЭЛТ),
при водной закалке металла,
для производства мембран, таких как фильтры для диализа и очистки воды,
в качестве связующего и комплексообразователя в сельскохозяйственных применениях, таких как защита растений, обработка семян и покрытие,
в качестве загустителя в гелях для отбеливания зубов,
как вспомогательное средство для повышения растворимости лекарственных средств в жидких и полужидких лекарственных формах (сиропы, мягкие желатиновые капсулы) и как ингибитор перекристаллизации,
в качестве добавки к буферу для экстракции РНК Доро,
в качестве агента, улучшающего жидкофазную дисперсию, в DOSY ЯМР,
в качестве поверхностно-активного вещества, восстановителя, агента, контролирующего форму, и диспергатора в наночастицах, синтезе и их самосборке,
в качестве стабилизатора во всех неорганических солнечных элементах.

Другое использование
PVP K 90 благодаря своей полярности исключительно хорошо связывается с полярными молекулами.
Это привело к применению PVP K 90 в покрытиях для бумаги и прозрачных пленок для струйных принтеров фотографического качества, а также в чернилах для струйных принтеров.
PVP K 90 также используется в продуктах личной гигиены, таких как шампуни и зубные пасты, в красках и клеях, которые необходимо увлажнять, таких как почтовые марки и конверты старого образца.
PVP K 90 также использовался в растворах для контактных линз и в растворах для закалки стали.
PVP K 90 является основой первых формул лаков и гелей для волос, и до сих пор продолжает оставаться компонентом некоторых из них.
В качестве пищевой добавки PVP K 90 является стабилизатором и имеет номер E E1201.
PVPP (кросповидон) – Е1202.

PVP K 90 также используется в винодельческой промышленности в качестве осветляющего агента для белого вина и некоторых сортов пива.
В лабораториях экстракорпорального оплодотворения PVP K 90 используется для замедления образования сперматозоидов с целью их захвата, например, для ИКСИ.
В молекулярной биологии ПВП К 90 можно использовать в качестве блокирующего агента при Саузерн-блоттинге в составе буфера Денхардта.
PVP K 90 также исключительно хорошо поглощает полифенолы во время очистки ДНК.
Полифенолы распространены во многих растительных тканях и могут деактивировать белки, если их не удалить, и поэтому ингибируют многие последующие реакции, такие как ПЦР.
В микроскопии ПВП используется для изготовления водной заливочной среды.
PVP K 90 можно использовать для скрининга фенольных свойств, как указано в исследовании 2000 года о влиянии растительных экстрактов на выработку инсулина.

Идентификационный тест
Растворимость: растворим в воде, этаноле и хлороформе и нерастворим в эфире.
Это измеряется методом OT-42.
Испытание на осаждение бихромата: в 5 мл 2% раствора пробы добавить 5 мл разбавленного раствора соляной кислоты (TS-117), затем добавить 5 мл воды, 2 мл 10% раствора бихромата калия и 2 мл.
При этом должен образоваться оранжевый осадок.
Взять 75 мг азотнокислого кобальта и 300 мг тиоцианата аммония для растворения в 2 мл воды; добавить 5 мл 2% водного раствора образца; после перемешивания добавить разбавленный испытательный раствор соляной кислоты (TS-117) для подкисления.
При этом должен образоваться светло-голубой осадок.
Возьмите 5 мл 2% раствора пробы; добавить 1 мл 25 % соляной кислоты, 5 мл 5 % хлорида бария и 1 мл 5 % молибденово-вольфрамового раствора фосфорной кислоты.

При этом должно образоваться много белого осадка, который постепенно синеет на солнце.
Значение pH 5% раствора пробы должно составлять от 3,0 до 3,7.
Это измеряется обычными средствами.
Добавление нескольких капель тестового раствора йода (TS-124) к 5 мл 0,5% раствора образца должно дать темно-красный цвет.
Отбирают 1 г пробы, добавляют к 10 мл воды в виде суспензии, добавляют 0,1 мл испытуемого раствора йода (TS-124), после перемешивания встряхиванием в течение 30 с, иодообразующий раствор должен обесцвечиваться (отличить поливинилпирролидон, поскольку поливинилпирролидон может образовывать красный цвет).
Добавьте 1 мл исследуемого раствора крахмала (TS-235), после встряхивания и перемешивания не должно образовываться голубого окрашивания. для получения синего цвета.

Способ производства
Неочищенный продукт PVP K 90 получается в резул��тате полимеризации винилпирролидона в присутствии основного катализатора или в присутствии N,N'-дивиниламидина и последующей реакции сшивания.
Затем используйте воду, 5% уксусную кислоту и 50% этанол для кипячения с обратным холодильником до тех пор, пока экстракт не станет ≤50 мг/кг (в течение более 3 часов).
30-60%-ный водный раствор очищенного 1-винил-2-пирролидона в присутствии аммиака или аминов, а также с перекисью водорода в качестве катализатора вступает в реакцию сшивания и гомополимеризации при температуре 50°С. C и подвергают дальнейшей очистке с получением конечного продукта.

PVP K 90 производится по процессу Реппе.
Ацетилен и формальдегид реагируют в присутствии высокоактивного катализатора ацетилида меди с образованием бутиндиола, который гидрируется до бутандиола, а затем подвергается циклодегидрированию с образованием бутиролактона.
ПВП К 90 получают реакцией бутиролактона с аммиаком.
Затем следует реакция винилирования, в которой пирролидон и ацетилен реагируют под давлением.
Мономер, винилпирролидон, затем полимеризуется в присутствии комбинации катализаторов для получения повидона.

Контактные аллергены
PVP K 90 широко используется в косметических средствах, таких как средства по уходу за волосами, и в медицинских изделиях.
ПВП К 90 действует как йодофор в йод-поливинилпирролидоне.
PVP K 90 является раздражителем и считается аллергеном в некоторых случаях дерматита, вызванного йод-поливинилпирролидоном (хотя йод, скорее всего, является гаптеном).
PVP K 90 может вызывать контактную крапивницу I типа или анафилаксию.

Биохимия/физиол Действия
PVP K 90 может связываться с полифенолом.
Так, известно, что ПВП К-90 используется для выделения РНК из растений, богатых полифенолами.
ПВП К 90 широко используется в синтезе наночастиц.

Синонимы
N-ВИНИЛ-2-ПИРРОЛИДОН
88-12-0
1-винилпирролидин-2-он
N-винилпирролидон
1-винил-2-пирролидон
9003-39-8
N-винил-2-пирролидинон
1-винил-2-пирролидинон
Винилпирролидон
Повидон
1-этенилпирролидин-2-он
N-винилпирролидинон
2-пирролидинон, 1-этенил-
1-винилпирролидон
Винилбутиролактам
Винилпирролидинон
V-пирол
Лувискол
Пласдон
1-винилпирролидинон
25249-54-1
Винил-2-пирролидон
N-винилпирролидон
1-Этенил-2-пирролидинон
N-винилпирролидон-2
2-пирролидинон, 1-винил-
1-винил-2-пирролидинон, мономер
ПВП
СНБ 10222
МПК 90
ПВП 40
DTXSID2021440
143 РП
В 717
1-винилпирролидин-2-он
К 15
К 90
ПВП-40
ЧЕБИ:82551
MFCD00003197
НБК-10222
76Х9Г81541
DTXCID101440
WLN: /T5NVTJ AY*1*/
MFCD01076626
КАС-88-12-0
К 25
К 115
ХДБ 7231
ИНЭКС 201-800-4
БРН 0110513
КРИС 8581
ПовидонПВП
винилпирролидон
УНИИ-76H9G81541
N-винилпирролидон
N-винилпирролидинон
1-винил-2-пирролидон
ПОВИДОН МОНОМЕР
ВИНИЛБУТИЛОЛАКТАМ
N-винилпирролидин-2-он
N-винилпирролидин-2-он
N-винилпирролидин-2-он
ПВП К3О
Кросповидон ~ 40 000
ЕС 201-800-4
SCHEMBL10869
WLN: T5NVTJ A1U1
ПВП К15
ПВП К30
ПВП-К30
ПОВИДОН МОНОМЕР [MI]
ВИНИЛПИРРОЛИДОН (ВП)
КЕМБЛ1878943
ПВП - К-30 (фармацевтический класс)
N-ВИНИЛПИРРОЛИДОН [INCI]
1-винил-2-пирролидон (стабилизированный гидроксидом аммония 200 ppm)
NSC10222
Токс21_202462
Токс21_300073
NSC114022
НСК142693
НСК683040
N-винил-2-пирролидон, оптическая чистота
Поливинилпирролидон (молекулярная масса ~40 000)
АКОС000119985
N-ВИНИЛ-2-ПИРРОЛИДОН [IARC]
AT18510
CS-W020981
ФГ-0420
НСК-114022
НСК-142693
НСК-683040
NCGC00166252-01
NCGC00166252-02
NCGC00166252-03
NCGC00254200-01
NCGC00260011-01
2-ПИРРОЛИДИНОН, 1-ЭТЕНИЛ-[HSDB]
FT-0608329
FT-0645144
FT-0655284
V0026
EN300-19745
C19548
А817742
А843417
Q420628
СР-01000944531
J-015891
СР-01000944531-1
W-100417
1-винил-2-пирролидинон, SAJ первого сорта, >=99,0%
F8881-5579
Z104475034
3-ХЛОР-5,6-ДИФТОР-1-БЕНЗОТИОФЕН-2-КАРБОНИЛХЛОРИД
1-винил-2-пирролидинон, содержит гидроксид натрия в качестве ингибитора, >=99%
1-винил-2-пирролидинон, вторичный фармацевтический стандарт; Сертифицированный справочный материал
1-винил-2-пирролидон (стабилизированный N,N'-ди-втор-бутил-п-фенилендиамином)

SYNONYMS PVP, Polyvidone, Povidone;Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 3500 K12);Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 8.000 K16-18);Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 10.000 K13-18);Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 24.000 K23-27);Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 30.000);Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 40.000 K-30);Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 55.000);Polyvinylpyrrolidone Standard (Mw 58.000 K29-32) CAS NO:9003-39-8

PVP K 90 Solution PVP K-90 20% Solution is a film former in hair styling products. It has an average molecular weight of 1,300,000 in Daltons. Polyvinylpyrrolidone. PVP K-90 solution is a film former. It is suggested for use in hair styling formualations. PVP K-90 solution is a 20 percent solution. It stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions. It forms clear, hard & glossy film. Key Attributes of PVP K 90 solution  Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the pyrrolidone ring.  High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.  Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone.  Hydrophilicity, where the water solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable in numerous applications.  Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.  Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques. Applications and Usage Notes of PVP K 90 solution  Adhesives – pressure-sensitive and water-remoistenable types, food packaging (indirect food contact), metal adhesives, abrasives, sandcore binder, rubber to metal adhesives and glue sticks.  Ceramics – binder in high temperature fire-prepared products such as clay, pottery, porcelain, brick product, dispersant for ceramic media slurries and viscosity modifier.  Coatings/lnks – digital printing coating, ball-point inks, protective colloid and leveling agent for emulsion polymers/ coatings/ printing inks, pigment dispersant, water colors for commercial art, temporary protective coatings, paper coatings, waxes and polishes.  Electronic Applications – storage batteries, printed circuits, cathode ray tubes, binder for metal salts or amalgams in batteries, gold, nickel, copper and zinc plating, a thickener for solar gel ponds and as an adhesive to prevent leakage of batteries, serves as an expander in cadmium-type electrodes, binder in sintered-nickel powder plates.  Membranes – macroporous, multiporous, desalination, gas separating, liquid ultrafiltration, hemodialysis, selective permeability types of membranes, hollow fiber membranes.  Metallurgy – processing for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coating ingredient to aid or remove material from metal surfaces such as copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum, used in metal quenchant baths.  Paper – cellulose papers, rag stock, rag stripping, copying paper, printing paper and electric insulating papers, paper adhesives.  Polymerizations – acrylic monomers, unsaturated polyesters, olefins, including PVC, polystyrene beads, substrate for graft polymerization, template in acrylic polymerization. What is PVP K 90 solution Copolymer? PVP K 90 solution Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Storage and handling of PVP K 90 solution PVP K 90 solution copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 90 solution polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90 solution) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 90 solution copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 90 solution copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP K 90 solution E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP K 90 solution copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP K 90 solution W copolymers PVP K 90 solution is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 solution W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 90 solution copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 90 solution, PVP K 90 solution E-535 and PVP K 90 solution E-335. In general, PVP K 90 solution is less hygroscopic than PVP. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. Ashland offers formulators a series of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers. Members of the PVP K 90 solution copolymer series serve as primary film formers in a variety of products demanding different degrees of water resistance. These copolymers feature specific affinity for hair, skin and smooth surfaces such as wood, glass, paper, and metal, yet do not require solvents for removal. The advantages of using PVP K 90 solution copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP K 90 solution copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties • E = ethanol (EtOH), I = isopropanol, W = water, S = solid The PVP K 90 solution E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP K 90 solution copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. Abstract of PVP K-90 solution In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90 solution) copolymer compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP K 90 solution , N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP K 90 solution acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP K 90 solution finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP K 90 solution thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP K 90 solution used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP K 90 solution provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. PVP K 90 solution is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene. PVP K 90 solution is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP K 90 solution monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 90 solution Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP K 90 solution (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP K 90 solution tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. (See image below) Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP K 90 solution Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. PVP K 90 solution copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 90 solution polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90 solution) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 90 solution copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 90 solution copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. PVP K 90 solution is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP K 90 solution and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 solution is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 90 solution copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Uses of PVP K-90 solution Medical uses of PVP K-90 solution PVP K 90 solution was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP K 90 solution is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets; it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption. The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP K 90 solution added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties. This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP K 90 solution is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost. PVP K 90 solution is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Technical uses of PVP K-90 solution PVP K 90 solution is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives PVP K 90 solution is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP K 90 solution is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization PVP K 90 solution is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT) PVP K 90 solution is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters PVP K 90 solution is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating PVP K 90 solution is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels PVP K 90 solution is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation PVP K 90 solution is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer PVP K 90 solution is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR PVP K 90 solution is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly PVP K 90 solution is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells Other uses of PVP K-90 solution PVP K 90 solution binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP K 90 solution is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions. PVP K 90 solution is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP K 90 solution is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP K 90 solution can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP K 90 solution is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium. PVP K 90 solution can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production. Safety of PVP K 90 solution The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses, and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP K 90 solution has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP K 90 solution component of the solution. A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP. In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP. Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP K 90 solution instead. Properties of PVP K 90 solution PVP K 90 solution is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin). When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP K 90 solution and its oxidized hydrolyzate. History of PVP K 90 solution PVP K 90 solution was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP K 90 solution was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. The PVP K 90 solution copolymer PVP K 90 solution copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. PVP K 90 solution copolymer is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 solution W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP K 90 solution copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 90 solution E-735 copolymer, PVP K 90 solution E-535 copolymer and PVP K 90 solution E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP K 90 solution copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. PVP K 90 solution copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP K 90 solution copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP K 90 solution copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP K 90 solution copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists.

PVP K 90 Solution 20% PVP K 90 Solution 20% is a film former in hair styling products. PVP is an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions. PVP can also be a dispersant for hair colorants. PVP K 90 is available as 100% powder and as 20% aqueous solution. PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) K-90 polymer is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer. PVP K 90 solution 20% is a linear nonionic polymer that is soluble in water and organic solvents and is pH stable. PVP K 90 solution 20% forms hard glossy transparent films and have adhesive and cohesive properties. Ashland Specialty Ingredients has the capability to dial the K-value to meet specific customer needs. PVP K-90 20% Solution is a film former in hair styling products. It has an average molecular weight of 1,300,000 in Daltons. Polyvinylpyrrolidone. PVP K-90 solution by Ashland Specialty Chemical is a film former. It is suggested for use in hair styling formualations. PVP K-90 solution is a 20 percent solution. It stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions. It forms clear, hard & glossy film. Key Attributes of PVP K 90 solution 20%  Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the pyrrolidone ring.  High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.  Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone.  Hydrophilicity, where the water solubility of PVP is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable in numerous applications.  Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.  Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques. Applications and Usage Notes of PVP K 90 solution 20%  Adhesives – pressure-sensitive and water-remoistenable types, food packaging (indirect food contact), metal adhesives, abrasives, sandcore binder, rubber to metal adhesives and glue sticks.  Ceramics – binder in high temperature fire-prepared products such as clay, pottery, porcelain, brick product, dispersant for ceramic media slurries and viscosity modifier.  Coatings/lnks – digital printing coating, ball-point inks, protective colloid and leveling agent for emulsion polymers/ coatings/ printing inks, pigment dispersant, water colors for commercial art, temporary protective coatings, paper coatings, waxes and polishes.  Electronic Applications – storage batteries, printed circuits, cathode ray tubes, binder for metal salts or amalgams in batteries, gold, nickel, copper and zinc plating, a thickener for solar gel ponds and as an adhesive to prevent leakage of batteries, serves as an expander in cadmium-type electrodes, binder in sintered-nickel powder plates.  Membranes – macroporous, multiporous, desalination, gas separating, liquid ultrafiltration, hemodialysis, selective permeability types of membranes, hollow fiber membranes.  Metallurgy – processing for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coating ingredient to aid or remove material from metal surfaces such as copper, nickel, zinc and aluminum, used in metal quenchant baths.  Paper – cellulose papers, rag stock, rag stripping, copying paper, printing paper and electric insulating papers, paper adhesives.  Polymerizations – acrylic monomers, unsaturated polyesters, olefins, including PVC, polystyrene beads, substrate for graft polymerization, template in acrylic polymerization. What is PVP K 90 solution 20% Copolymer? PVP K 90 solution 20% Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Storage and handling PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 90 solution 20% polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90 solution 20% ) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP K 90 solution 20% E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP K 90 solution 20% W copolymers PVP K 90 solution 20% is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 solution 20% W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 90 solution 20%, PVP K 90 solution 20% E-535 and PVP K 90 solution 20% E-335. In general, PVP K 90 solution 20% is less hygroscopic than PVP. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. Ashland offers formulators a series of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers. Members of the PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymer series serve as primary film formers in a variety of products demanding different degrees of water resistance. These copolymers feature specific affinity for hair, skin and smooth surfaces such as wood, glass, paper, and metal, yet do not require solvents for removal. The advantages of using PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties • E = ethanol (EtOH), I = isopropanol, W = water, S = solid The PVP K 90 solution 20% E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. Abstract In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90 solution 20% ) copolymer compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP K 90 solution 20% , N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP K 90 solution 20% acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP K 90 solution 20% finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP K 90 solution 20% thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP K 90 solution 20% used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP K 90 solution 20% provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. PVP K 90 solution 20% is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene.[2] PVP K 90 solution 20% is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP K 90 solution 20% monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives.[2] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 90 solution 20% Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP K 90 solution 20% (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP K 90 solution 20% tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. (See image below) Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP K 90 solution 20% Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. The PVP K 90 solution 20% E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-735, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. Storage and handling PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP K 90 solution 20% polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP K 90 solution 20% ) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP K 90 solution 20% W copolymers PVP K 90 solution 20% is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP K 90 solution 20% and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 solution 20% is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Uses Medical PVP K 90 solution 20% was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP K 90 solution 20% is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets;[2] it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.[3] The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP K 90 solution 20% added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.[4] This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.[5] PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Technical PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT)[9] PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels[10] PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer[citation needed] PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR [11] PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly[12] PVP K 90 solution 20% is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells[13] Other uses PVP K 90 solution 20% binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP K 90 solution 20% is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.[14][15] PVP K 90 solution 20% is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP K 90 solution 20% is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP K 90 solution 20% can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP K 90 solution 20% is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.[16] PVP K 90 solution 20% can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.[17] Safety of PVP K 90 solution 20% The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses,[18] and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP K 90 solution 20% has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP K 90 solution 20% component of the solution.[19] A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP.[20] In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP.[21] Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP K 90 solution 20% instead. Properties of PVP K 90 solution 20% PVP K 90 solution 20% is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol,[24] as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).[25] When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP K 90 solution 20% and its oxidized hydrolyzate. History of PVP K 90 solution 20% PVP K 90 solution 20% was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP K 90 solution 20% was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. The PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymer PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. The PVP K 90 solution 20% W copolymers PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymer is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP K 90 solution 20% W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP K 90 solution 20% E-735 copolymer, PVP K 90 solution 20% E-535 copolymer and PVP K 90 solution 20% E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP K 90 solution 20% copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists.

CAS NUMBER: 9003-39-8 Linear Formula (C6H9NO)n MDL number MFCD00149016 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Abbreviations PVP, PVPP, NVP, PNVP ChEMBL ChEMBL1909074 ☒ ChemSpider none ECHA InfoCard 100.111.937 E number E1201 (additional chemicals) SMILES Properties Chemical formula (C6H9NO)n Molar mass 2,500 - 2,500,000 g·mol-1 Appearance white to light yellow, hygroscopic, amorphous powder Density 1.2 g/cm3 Melting point 150 to 180 °C (302 to 356 °F; 423 to 453 K) (glass temperature) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Appearance (Colour) White to off - white Appearance (Form) Crystalline powder Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution Clear Nitrogen content (N) 11.5 - 12.5% pH (5% aq. solution) 3.0 - 7.0 Sulphated Ash max. 0.1% Heavy Metals (Pb) max. 0.001% K-value ~ 30 Vinyl pyrrolidone max. 0.8% Water (KF) max. 5% PVP K-30 is a hygroscopic, amorphous polyvinylpyrrolidone. Used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings & paints and as a media component in digital ink jet-printing. Offers high polarity, dispersancy, hydrophilicity, adhesion, cohesivity and high glass transition temperature. PVP K-30 can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. They are linear nonionic polymers thar are soluble in water and organi solvents and are pH stable. PVP K-30 forms hard glossy transparent films and have adhesive, cohesive and dispersive properties. PVP K-30 100% Powder is soluble in water and many organic solvents and it forms hard, transparent, glossy film. PVP is compatible with most inorganic salts and many resins. PVP stabilizes emulsions, dispersions and suspensions. While PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade PVP can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes. PVP K-30 100% Powder appears as a white powder. Applications adhesives, ceramics, glass (fibers), coating/inks, electronic appliations, lithography and photography, fibers and textiles, membranes, metallurgy, paper, polymerizations, water and waste teratment, and hygiene. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone: PVP was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s. It is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets;[2] it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.[3] The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.[4] This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. It is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.[5] PVP is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Examples of this use include Bausch & Lomb's Ultra contact lenses with MoistureSeal Technology[6] and Air Optix contact lens packaging solution (as an ingredient called "copolymer 845").[7] PVP is used as a lubricant in some eye drops, Soothe.[8] Technical PVP is also used in many technical applications: as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesivesas a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization to increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT)[9] in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels[10] as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer[citation needed] as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR [11] as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly[12] as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells[13] Other uses PVP binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.[14][15] PVP is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.[16] PVP can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.[17] Safety The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses,[18] and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP component of the solution.[19] A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP.[20] In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP.[21] Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP instead.[22][23] Properties PVP is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol,[24] as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).[25] When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP and its oxidized hydrolyzate.[26] History PVP was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production Vinylpyrrolidone polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone is abbreviated as PVP, and is the polymer of vinylpyrrolidone. According to the different degree of polymerization, it is further classified into soluble PVP and insoluble PVPP (polyvinyl polypyrrolidone). Molecular weight of the soluble PVP is 8,000 to 10,000.The soluble PVP can be used as a precipitating agent which can be settle down through its action with polyphenols. Using this method, it is easily to have residual PVP in the alcohol. Due to the savings effect of PVP inside the human body, the World Health Organization doesn't recommend to apply this substance. In recent years, the use of soluble PVP has been rare. Insoluble PVPP system had began to be used in the beer industry since the early 1960s. It has a relative molecule weight greater than the relative mass greater than 700,000. It is a insoluble polymer derived from the further cross-linking and polymerization of PVP and can be used as an adsorbent of polyphenols with a good efficacy. The molecular formula of Polyvinylpyrrolidone The molecular formula of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP is one of the three major pharmaceutical new excipients and can be used as the co-solvent of tablets, granules, and injection, as the glidant of capsules, as the dispersant agent of liquid preparations and the colorant, as the stabilizer of enzyme and heat sensitive drug, as the co-precipitating agent of poorly soluble drugs, and as the detoxicant of ophthalmic drugs and lubricants. It is industrially used as expanded polystyrene additive, as the gelling agents for suspension polymerization, stabilizer, and fiber treating agents, paper processing aids, adhesives, and thickening agents. Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP and its copolymers CAP is an important raw material of cosmetics, mainly used for hair retaining agent. The film it formed in the hair is elastic and shiny, and has excellent carding property as well as being free of dust. Adopting different category of resin can meet various kinds of relative humidity climatic conditions. Therefore, it is an indispensable raw material in styling hair cream, hair gel, and mousse. It can also be used for the cosmetics of skin moisturizing agents and the dispersants for grease based hair dying, also as foam stabilizers, and can improve the consistency of the shampoo. Insoluble PVP is the stabilizer of beer and juice which can improve its transparency, color, and flavor. Water-soluble polyamides Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is a water soluble polyamide. Commercially available PVP is divided into four viscosity grades according to its press K value (Fikentscher K value): K-15, K-30, K-60, K-90, with the average molecular weight being 10,000, 40000,160000, and 360000, respectively. K value or molecular weight is an important factor which decides the various properties of PVP. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is dissolved in water, chlorinated solvents, alcohol, amine, nitro-paraffin and low molecular weight fatty acids, and is mutually soluble with most inorganic salts and a variety of resin; insoluble in acetone and ether. PVP used for the matrix of dropping pill matrix is odorless, tasteless, white to pale yellow waxy solid with the relative density being 1.062, and its 5% aqueous solution pH being 3 to 7. PVP is hygroscopic and of good thermal stability, and can be dissolved in various kinds of organic solvents, and has high melting point. Adding certain natural or synthetic polymers or organic compounds can effectively adjust the PVP's hygroscopicity and softness. PVP is not prone to have chemical reaction. Under normal storage conditions, dry PVP is quite stable. PVP has excellent physical inertia and biocompatibility and has not stimulation to skin, eyes no stimulation with no allergic reactions and being non-toxic. Because of the hydrogen bonding or complexation effect, PVP's viscosity is increased and this further inhibits the formation and growth of crystallized nuclei of drugs, making the drug being in the amorphous state. The dropping pill whose matrix is PVP can enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In general, the greater the PVP amount, the higher dissolution and solubility of drug in the medium. Susana et al have studied the dissolution of the PVP solid dispersant of the slightly soluble drug albendazole. The increased amount of PVP (k30) can increase the dissolution rate and efficiency of drug inside the solid dispersant. Teresa et al have studied the dissolution of the poorly soluble drugs, flunarizine in PVP solid dispersant and obtained similar conclusion. PVP also found that the higher the content, the more significant increase in dissolution. IR has showed that flunarizine and PVP has no chemical reaction except in some cases that a best dissolution efficacy is obtained only in certain ratio between some drugs with the PVP. Tantishaiyakul et al has found that: when the ratio of piroxicam: PVP is 1:5 and 1:6, the dissolution of the solid dispersant is the largest with a 40 times as high as that of single drug within 5min. PVP can also be dissolved in another molten dropping pill matrix, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxyethylene monostearate (S-40), poloxamer and stearyl acid, glyceryl monostearate, etc for making complex matrix. The above information is edited by the Chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng. Physical and chemical properties Commonly used PVP level in the cosmetic industry is K-30. Commercialized PVP is white and free flowing powder or solids with its content in the mass fraction of 20%, 30%, 45% and 50% aqueous solution. PVP is soluble in water and is hygroscopic with a moisture equilibrium being 1/3 of the relative humidity of the environment. Similar as the protein hydration action, each monomer associates with 0.5mol water.Chart 1 and Chart 2 lists the reference quality standard of various types of polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP: Food grade and pharmaceutical grade polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP Chart 1: Food grade and pharmaceutical grade polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP Cosmetics and industrial polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP (Luvikol K, BASF) Chart 2: Cosmetics and industrial polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP (Luvikol K, BASF) PVP is not easy to have chemical reaction. When stored at normal conditions, dry PVP is quite stable. Solution undergone mildew treatment is also stable. When heated in air to 150 °C or mixed with ammonium persulfate to heat at 90 °C for 30min, PVP will be exchanged to become a water-insoluble compound. In the presence of azo compound or a dichromate oxidizing agent, light will cause PVP solution to become gel. The co-heating of PVP solution with strong base (such as sodium silicate or trisodium phosphate) will generate precipitation. Many different compounds can generate complexes with PVP. For example, the complexes of PVP and iodine is very stable and have a good bactericidal effect and can reduce its toxicity; Adding the copolymers of the polyacrylic acid, tannic acid or methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid to the aqueous solution of PVP will generate insoluble complexes which are insoluble in water, alcohols and ketones. But when being treated with base for neutralize the poly-acid can reverse the reaction; complexation between PVP and toxins, drugs and toxic chemicals can reduce their toxicity; some kinds of dyes can also form a strong complex with PVP, which is the basis for using PVP as a dye bleaching agent. The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone In the early 1950s, older, with shellac and oil-based hairspray had been rapidly replaced by PVP sprays which are still widely used until now. It can form wet, transparent film on the hair which is shiny and has good lubrication effect. PVP has good compatibility with a variety of good propellant and also has corrosion resistance. It is widely used in hair styling, as the film former in combing products, as the creatinine and stabilizer of skin care lotions and creams, as the base stock material for eye and facial cosmetics and lipstick base, and also as hair dye dispersants and shampoo foam stabilizer. PVP has detoxification effect and can reduce the irritation effects of other preparation on the skin and eyes. It is also used as toothpaste detergents, gelling agents and antidotes. The main drawback of PVP is its sensitivity to moisture. However, this issue can be tackled by using its vinyl acetate copolymer in order to mitigate the effects of moisture and humidity. In addition, PVP also has wide application in the pharmaceutical, beverage and textile industries. Rheological properties of solutions Water and methanol is the preferred solvent of PVP. pH value has little effect on the viscosity of the aqueous solution of PVP, for example, at 25 °C, pH range: 0.1~10, aqueous solution of PVP K-30 with a mass fraction of 5% concentration has a viscosity of 2.3~2.4mPa • s; in concentrated hydrochloric acid, this is 4.96mPa • s. Effect of temperature on the viscosity of the PVP aqueous solution is also relatively not obvious. Un-cross-linked PVP solution is not particularly thixotropic unless under very high concentration and display a short relaxation time. The chart 3 below lists the viscosity of PVP K-30 in a variety of solvents. Viscosity of PVP K-30 in various organic solvents (w %) (At room temperature) Chart 3: Viscosity of PVP K-30 in various organic solvents (w %) (At room temperature) Reference: Edited by Binyi Qiu, "Compendium of cosmetic chemistry and technology" Volume 1 Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 1997. Compatibility Polyvinylpyrrolidone is mainly used as pharmaceutical excipient, blood compatibilizer, cosmetics thickening agents, latex stabilizers, and clarifying agent of beer brewing. Not matter whether in solution or in the form of film, PVP always has a high degree of compatibility. It has good compatibility with various kinds of inorganic salt solution, many natural and synthetic resins and other chemical compatibility. Examples of their compatibility are seen at chart 4 and Figure 5. The compatibility of PVP and some other substances in water and ethanol Chart 4: The compatibility of PVP and some other substances in water and ethanol The solubility and compatibility of PVP in various solvents Chart 5: The solubility and compatibility of PVP in various solvents Safety PVP is physiologically inert. Acute oral toxicity of PVP: LD50 > 100g/kg. It does not irritate the skin or eyes, do not cause skin allergies. A large number of long-term toxicology studies have confirmed that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can tolerate intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenous administration and parenteral applications. Subacute and chronic toxicity result was negative. Identification test Solubility: soluble in water, ethanol and chloroform and insoluble in ether. This is measured by the OT-42 method. Dichromate precipitation test: in 5 mL of2% sample solution, add 5 mL dilute hydrochloric acid solution (TS-117), further add 5 mL of water plus 2 mL of 10% potassium dichromate solution and 2ml. This should form an orange precipitate. Take 75 mg of cobalt nitrate and 300 mg of ammonium thiocyanate for being dissolved in 2ml of water; add 5 mL of 2% aqueous sample solution; after the mixing, add dilute hydrochloric acid test solution (TS-117) for acidification. This should form light blue precipitate. Take 5 mL of 2% sample solution; add 1 mL of 25% hydrochloric acid, 5 mL of 5% barium chloride and 1 mL 5% molybdenum tungsten phosphoric acid solution. This should generate a lot of white precipitate which gradually turns blue in the sunlight. The pH value of 5% sample solution should be 3.0 to 3.7. This is measured by conventional means. Adding a few drops of iodine test solution (TS-124) to 5 mL of 0.5% sample solution should produce a deep red color. Take 1 g of sample, add water to 10 ml as a suspension, add 0.1 mL of iodine test solution (TS-124), after mixing by shaking for 30s, iodine test solution should fade (to distinguish polyvinylpyrrolidone due to that polyvinylpyrrolidone can form red color). Add 1 mL of starch test solution (TS-235), after shaking and mixing, there should be no blue color formed. to produce blue. Content Analysis Estimated from the nitrogen content according to the following index of quality. Toxicity ADI 0~50 (FAO/WHO, 2001) LD50> 100g/kg (rat, oral). ADI does not make special provision (FAO/WHO, 2001). It is safe for food (FDA, §121.1110, §173.50, 2000). LD50:12g/kg (mice, abdominal injection). Limited use GB 2760-1996: beer GMP. Chemical Properties It is the cross-linked homopolymer of pure vinylpyrrolidone. It is hygroscopic and free-flowing white or off-white powder. It has a slight foul smell. It is insoluble in common solvents such as water, ethanol and ether. So its molecule weight range can't be measured. However, PVP has ability to form complex with various kinds of substances (such as "Hu" class substance which can lead to the discoloration of a variety of wines and beverages discoloration). Also it is easily to be removed after filtration because of its insolubility. Uses Clarifying agent; pigment stabilizer; colloidal stabilizer; It is mainly used for beer clarifying and quality stabilizing (reference amount 8~20g/100L, maintained for 24h and remove it by filtration), and can also be applied in combination with enzymes (protease) and protein adsorbents. It is also used to clarify the wine and as a stabilizer to prevent discoloration (reference amount 24~72g/100L). Clarifying agents; stabilizers; thickeners agent; tablet fillers; dispersants; PVP of molecular weight 360,000 are often used as the clarifying agent of beer, vinegar, and grape wine. Used as the fixing liquid for gas chromatography. It is used as a colloidal stabilizer and clarifying agent for beer clarification. Apply proper amount according the demands of production. It can be used for pharmacy, aquaculture, and livestock disinfectant for the sterilization of the skin and mucous. PolyFilterTM molecule has an amide bond for absorbing the hydroxyl groups located in polyphenol molecule to form hydrogen bonds, and therefore, can be used as the stabilizer of beer, fruit wine/grape wine, and drinking wine to extend their shelf life and improve the transparency, color and taste. The products have two specifications: disposable type and regeneration type. Disposable products are suitable for application by SMEs; renewable products demand the purchase of special filtration equipment; but since it is recyclable, it is suitable for large breweries for recycle application. In daily cosmetics, PVP and its copolymer has good dispersion property and filming property, and thus being able to be used as a setting lotion, hair spray and styling mousse, as opacifiers for hair care agents, as the stabilizer of shampoo foam, as wave styling agent and as the dispersants and affinity agents in hair dye. Adding PVP to cream, sunscreen, and hair removal agent can enhance wetting and lubricating effect. Taking advantage of the excellent properties of PVP such as surface activity, film-forming and non-irritating to the skin, no allergic reactions, etc., has broad prospects in its application in hair care and skin care products. Production method Its crude product comes from the polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone under basic catalyst or the existence of N, N'-divinyl amidine and further cross-inking reaction. Then use water, 5% acetic acid and 50% ethanol for reflux to until extract ≤50mg/kg (for over 3h). The 30% to 60% aqueous solution of the purified 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, in the presence of ammonia or amines and also with hydrogen peroxide as the catalyst, has cross-linking and homo-polymerization reaction at a temperature of 50 °C and subject to further purification to obtain the final product. Chemical Properties Hygroscopic, white or yellowish-white powder or flakes. Chemical Properties Povidone occurs as a fine, white to creamy-white colored, odorless or almost odorless, hygroscopic powder. Povidones with K-values equal to or lower than 30 are manufactured by spray-drying and occur as spheres. Povidone K-90 and higher K-value povidones are manufactured by drum drying and occur as plates. Uses suitable for gene delivery Definition ChEBI: A vinyl polymer composed of repeating -CH2-CR- units where R is a 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group. Production Methods Povidone is manufactured by the Reppe process. Acetylene and formaldehyde are reacted in the presence of a highly active copper acetylide catalyst to form butynediol, which is hydrogenated to butanediol and then cyclodehydrogenated to form butyrolactone. Pyrrolidone is produced by reacting butyrolactone with ammonia. This is followed by a vinylation reaction in which pyrrolidone and acetylene are reacted under pressure. The monomer, vinylpyrrolidone, is then polymerized in the presence of a combination of catalysts to produce povidone. brand name Kollidon CL (BASF); Kollidon CLM (BASF); Polyplasdone (International Specialty Products);Acu-dyne;Adapettes;Adsorbobase;Adsovbotear;Agent at 717;Albigen a;Aldacol q;Amiorel eritro;Amyderm s;Andrestrac 2-10;Anexa;B 7509;Betaisod;Bridine;Clinidine;Final step;Frepp/sepp;Ganex p 804;Ga-pvp-101;Gyno-bidex;Isoplasma;Jodoplex;K 115;Kollidon 17;Kollidon 25;Kollidon 30;Kollidon 90;Kollidon ce 50/50;Kollidon k 25;Kollidon k 30;Luviskol k 17;Luviskol k 25;Luviskol k 30;Luviskol k 90;Luvisteol;Medicort;Molycu;Mundidon;Neojodin;Oftan flurekain;Peragal st;Periston-n-toxobin;Pevidine;Plasmadone;Plasmoid;Plassint;Podiodine;Polyclar at;Polyclar h;Polyclar l;Polyplasdone xl;Polyvidone-escupient;Polyvinyl pyrrolidone;Povadyne;Povidone k 29-32;Pvp 50;Pvp0;Pvp-k 15;Pvp-k 25;Pvp-k 30;Pvp-k 60;Pvp-k 90;Pvp-macrose;Pvp-macrox;Rocmuth;Sd 13;Soft-care;Tears plus;Venostasin retard;Vetedine;Yodiplexin. World Health Organization (WHO) Polyvidone, a polymer of vinylpyrrolidinone, is an excipient used as a suspending and dispersing agent. Injectable preparations containing polymers with a molecular weight in the order of 12,000 have caused painful local granulomatous lesions. This has led to the withdrawal of polyvidone from such preparations in some countries. Polyvidone was formerly also used as a plasma expander but, because it was sequestered within the liver and spleen, this use has been discontinued. However, it remains widely used as a vehicle for ophthalmic preparations, and as the major component of artificial tears. General Description White powder. Compatible with a wide range of hydrophilic and hydrophobic resins. Air & Water Reactions Hygroscopic. Water soluble. Reactivity Profile Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a polymeric material and probably has low reactivity. Polyvinylpyrrolidone reacts as a weak base. Hazard Questionable carcinogen. Health Hazard SYMPTOMS: Polyvinylpyrrolidone may cause interstitial fibrosis in the lungs. Lesions regress when patient is no longer being exposed to the compound. Fire Hazard Flash point data for Polyvinylpyrrolidone are not available, but Polyvinylpyrrolidone is probably non-flammable. Pharmaceutical Applications Although povidone is used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, it is primarily used in solid-dosage forms. In tableting, povidone solutions are used as binders in wet-granulation processes.Povidone is also added to powder blends in the dry form and granulated in situ by the addition of water, alcohol, or hydroalcoholic solutions. Povidone is used as a solubilizer in oral and parenteral formulations, and has been shown to enhance dissolution of poorly soluble drugs from solid-dosage forms. Povidone solutions may also be used as coating agents or as binders when coating active pharmaceutical ingredients on a support such as sugar beads. Povidone is additionally used as a suspending, stabilizing, or viscosity-increasing agent in a number of topical and oral suspensions and solutions. The solubility of a number of poorly soluble active drugs may be increased by mixing with povidone. Special grades of pyrogen-free povidone are available and have been used in parenteral formulations; Contact allergens Polyvinylpyrrolidone is widely used as is in cosmetics such as hair care products and in medical products. It acts as iodophor in iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidone. PVP is an irritant and has been claimed as the allergen in some cases of dermatitis from iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidone (although iodine is more likely the hapten). It may cause type I contact urticaria or anaphylaxis. Safety Profile Mtldly toxic by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Questionable carcinogen. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Safety Povidone has been used in pharmaceutical formulations for many years, being first used in the 1940s as a plasma expander, although it has now been superseded for this purpose by dextran. Povidone is widely used as an excipient, particularly in oral tablets and solutions. When consumed orally, povidone may be regarded as essentially nontoxic since it is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or mucous membranes.Povidone additionally has no irritant effect on the skin and causes no sensitization. exists that povidone may accumulate in the organs of the body following intramuscular injection. A temporary acceptable daily intake for povidone has been set by the WHO at up to 25 mg/kg body-weight. (mouse, IP): 12 g/kg storage Povidone darkens to some extent on heating at 150°C, with a reduction in aqueous solubility. It is stable to a short cycle of heat exposure around 110-130°C; steam sterilization of an aqueous solution does not alter its properties. Aqueous solutions are susceptible to mold growth and consequently require the addition of suitable preservatives. Povidone may be stored under ordinary conditions without undergoing decomposition or degradation. However, since the powder is hygroscopic, it should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place. Purification Methods Purify it by dialysis, and freeze-drying. Also by precipitation from CHCl3 solution by pouring into ether. Dry it in a vacuum over P2O5. For the crosslinked polymer purification is by boiling for 10minutes in 10% HCl and then washing with glass-distilled water until free from Cl ions. Finally, Cl ions are removed more readily by neutralising with KOH and continued washing. Incompatibilities Povidone is compatible in solution with a wide range of inorganic salts, natural and synthetic resins, and other chemicals. It forms molecular adducts in solution with sulfathiazole, sodium salicylate, salicylic acid, phenobarbital, tannin, and other compounds; see Section 18. The efficacy of some preservatives, e.g. thimerosal, may be adversely affected by the formation of complexes with povidone. Traditional High-Efficient Rheology Modifier Carbomer Efficient Rheology Modifier For Home Care Traditional Long-Flow Property Carbomer Improved Type - Easy To Disperse Carbomer Improved Type -Self-Wetting Carbomer Improved Type Carbomer Liquid Carbomer Pharmaceutical Grade Carbomer Home Care Carbomer High Carlity Traditional Carbomer Benzen Free Carbomer Homopolymer Of Vinylpyrrolidone NM-PVP K-30 Chemical Name: Homopolymer of Vinylpyrrolidone CTFA Name :Polyvinylpyrrolidone NM-PVP K-30 can dissolve in water and grain alcohol, isopropyl alcohol or chloroform, but not in acetone or diethyl ether. Have good absorption moisture, film-forming, complex ability. It is a high performance, versatile polymer widely used in pharmaceutical field, cosmetics field, beer, water treatment membrane, detergents, paints and other fields. Application 1. Pharma application: Used as binder for tablet and pellet, dissolving assistant for injection, flowing assistant capsule, dispersant for liquid medicine and pigment, stabilizer for enzyme and heat sensitive drug. 2. Cosmetic application: Used extensively in a wide range hair care, skin care &oral care products. The products are particularly suitable for formulation where viscosity modification and film forming properties are required. 3. Tech application: As surface coating agent, dispersing agent, thickener, binder, porogen in water treatment membrane ( hollow fiber m

PVP/VA Copolymer; Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-Vinyl Acetate); Polectron 845; Luviskol VA 28I; Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidone polymer; Vinylpyrrolidinone-vinyl acetate polymer CAS NO: 25086-89-9

Povidone-Iodine is an iodophor solution containing a water-soluble complex of iodine and PVP K-90 (PVP) with broad microbicidal activity. Free iodine, slowly liberated from the polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVPI) complex in solution, kills eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells through iodination of lipids and oxidation of cytoplasmic and membrane compounds. This agent exhibits a broad range of microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Slow release of iodine from the PVPI complex in solution minimizes iodine toxicity towards mammalian cells.Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function. WHEN GIVEN PARENTERALLY, UNEXCRETED PARTICLES ARE PHAGOCYTIZED BY CELLS OF RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM & DEPOSITED IN STORAGE SITES IN LIVER, SPLEEN, LUNG, BONE MARROW...In 12 nonpregnant women, total iodine, protein-bound iodine, inorganic iodine, and thyroxine values were measured in serum before and 15, 30, 45 or 60 minutes after a two-minute vaginal disinfection with povidone-iodine (Betadine). Only 15 minutes after application, serum iodine levels were raised and remained significantly elevated 30, 45 and 60 minutes after disinfection. Serum concentrations of total iodine and inorganic iodine were increased up to fivefold to 15-fold, respectively; during the relative short period of observation, thyroxine levels were not altered.The disposition of N-[14C]-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone has been studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats following a single iv injection. ...Up to 6 hr after dosing, the highest tissue concentrations of radioactivity were found in the liver and small intestines. By that time, about 19% of the dose had been excreted in bile, yet, by 12 hr, only about 0.4% had been excreted in feces while about 75% had been excreted in urine. Thus, there appeared to be substantial enterohepatic recirculation of biliary metabolites. Very small quantities of the administered material were excreted unchanged. In a single rat, 12% of the urinary radioactivity was present as acetic acid. Other metabolites were not identified.Following ingestion /1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone/ is mainly distributed in the liver and small intestine. It is partially excreted in the urine in an acetate form, but it is mostly (88%) combined with water-soluble acid compounds. Following iv injection, 14C-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone was cleared from the blood with a half-life of about 2 hr. Unchanged /1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone/ accounted for <0.6% of the dose administered.The disposition of N-[14C-vinyl]-2-pyrrolidinone was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats following a single iv injection. Plasma levels of the intact compound dropped rapidly within the first 6 hours after dosing... . Urinary excretion by 12 hours represented 74.9% of a 5 microCi dose while 18.7% was excreted into the bile by 6 hours. 14C-activity attributed to the intact compound was found to be <0.59% of the dose in the urine and <0.46% in the bile. Tissue distribution studies showed that the liver and small intestines and contents contained the highest accumulation of 14C-activity up to 6 hours after administration of N-[14C-vinyl]-2-pyrrolidinone. Urine analyses performed for metabolite elucidation indicated that 12% of the radioactivity dosed was incorporated into acetate and the major remaining portion in species which appeared to be water soluble acidic compounds.The toxic effects of vinylpyrrolidone /and/ vinylacetate (VP-VA) were examined in rats. Female Wistar-rats, under ether narcosis, were given endotracheally 0.5 mL of a standard solution of VP-VA (10 g in 15 mL of physiological sodium-chloride solution). Other rats received up to 7 times the 2 mL standard solution daily under the skin of the back; between 1.1 and 45.0 g/kg VP-VA were injected. The animals were sacrificed between 1 and 365 days following the application of the VP-VA solution. Tissues were stained and examined by electron microscopy. One to 2 days after endotracheal injection, the alveoli were closely packed with macrophages. Four to 6 months after the last injection, there was still VP-VA in the lungs with the attendent macrophages. Animals killed 1 yr after the last injection showed no VP-VA in the lungs. After sc injection, most of the VP-VA was stored in the spleen. There were occasional, large macrophages found in the interstitial tissue of the lung. During the 1 yr period of observation, there was no evidence of tumors or systemic disease.PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade PVP can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes. PVP K-90 100% Powder appears as a white powder. PVP K-90 is a component of Denhardt's Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution. PVP K-90 is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and used in a great variety of applications. PVP K-90 can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the lactam ring.High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of PVP K-90.Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP K-90 is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP K-90s formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques.PVP K-90 is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. acts as rheology modifier. is a highly adhesive tablet binder. stabilizes emulsion and structures liquid products. provides anti-soil redeposition, enzyme stabilization and dye transfer inhibition. functions as binder and protective coating for enzymes. provides surface shine enhancement. forms hard, transparent, glossy films.PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade PVP can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes. PVP K-90 100% Powder appears as a white powder. PVP K-90 is a component of Denhardt's Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution. PVP K-90 is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and used in a great variety of applications. PVP K-90 can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the lactam ring.High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of PVP K-90.Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP K-90 is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP K-90s formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques.PVP K-90 is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. acts as rheology modifier. is a highly adhesive tablet binder. stabilizes emulsion and structures liquid products. provides anti-soil redeposition, enzyme stabilization and dye transfer inhibition. functions as binder and protective coating for enzymes. provides surface shine enhancement. forms hard, transparent, glossy films.PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade PVP can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes. PVP K-90 100% Powder appears as a white powder. PVP K-90 is a component of Denhardt's Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution. PVP K-90 is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and used in a great variety of applications. PVP K-90 can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the lactam ring.High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of PVP K-90.Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP K-90 is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP K-90s formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques.PVP K-90 is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. acts as rheology modifier. is a highly adhesive tablet binder. stabilizes emulsion and structures liquid products. provides anti-soil redeposition, enzyme stabilization and dye transfer inhibition. functions as binder and protective coating for enzymes. provides surface shine enhancement. forms hard, transparent, glossy films. Povidone-Iodine is an iodophor solution containing a water-soluble complex of iodine and PVP K-90 (PVP) with broad microbicidal activity. Free iodine, slowly liberated from the polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVPI) complex in solution, kills eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells through iodination of lipids and oxidation of cytoplasmic and membrane compounds. This agent exhibits a broad range of microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Slow release of iodine from the PVPI complex in solution minimizes iodine toxicity towards mammalian cells.Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function. WHEN GIVEN PARENTERALLY, UNEXCRETED PARTICLES ARE PHAGOCYTIZED BY CELLS OF RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM & DEPOSITED IN STORAGE SITES IN LIVER, SPLEEN, LUNG, BONE MARROW...In 12 nonpregnant women, total iodine, protein-bound iodine, inorganic iodine, and thyroxine values were measured in serum before and 15, 30, 45 or 60 minutes after a two-minute vaginal disinfection with povidone-iodine (Betadine). Only 15 minutes after application, serum iodine levels were raised and remained significantly elevated 30, 45 and 60 minutes after disinfection. Serum concentrations of total iodine and inorganic iodine were increased up to fivefold to 15-fold, respectively; during the relative short period of observation, thyroxine levels were not altered.The disposition of N-[14C]-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone has been studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats following a single iv injection. ...Up to 6 hr after dosing, the highest tissue concentrations of radioactivity were found in the liver and small intestines. By that time, about 19% of the dose had been excreted in bile, yet, by 12 hr, only about 0.4% had been excreted in feces while about 75% had been excreted in urine. Thus, there appeared to be substantial enterohepatic recirculation of biliary metabolites. Very small quantities of the administered material were excreted unchanged. In a single rat, 12% of the urinary radioactivity was present as acetic acid. Other metabolites were not identified.Following ingestion /1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone/ is mainly distributed in the liver and small intestine. It is partially excreted in the urine in an acetate form, but it is mostly (88%) combined with water-soluble acid compounds. Following iv injection, 14C-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone was cleared from the blood with a half-life of about 2 hr. Unchanged /1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone/ accounted for <0.6% of the dose administered.The disposition of N-[14C-vinyl]-2-pyrrolidinone was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats following a single iv injection. Plasma levels of the intact compound dropped rapidly within the first 6 hours after dosing... . Urinary excretion by 12 hours represented 74.9% of a 5 microCi dose while 18.7% was excreted into the bile by 6 hours. 14C-activity attributed to the intact compound was found to be <0.59% of the dose in the urine and <0.46% in the bile. Tissue distribution studies showed that the liver and small intestines and contents contained the highest accumulation of 14C-activity up to 6 hours after administration of N-[14C-vinyl]-2-pyrrolidinone. Urine analyses performed for metabolite elucidation indicated that 12% of the radioactivity dosed was incorporated into acetate and the major remaining portion in species which appeared to be water soluble acidic compounds.The toxic effects of vinylpyrrolidone /and/ vinylacetate (VP-VA) were examined in rats. Female Wistar-rats, under ether narcosis, were given endotracheally 0.5 mL of a standard solution of VP-VA (10 g in 15 mL of physiological sodium-chloride solution). Other rats received up to 7 times the 2 mL standard solution daily under the skin of the back; between 1.1 and 45.0 g/kg VP-VA were injected. The animals were sacrificed between 1 and 365 days following the application of the VP-VA solution. Tissues were stained and examined by electron microscopy. One to 2 days after endotracheal injection, the alveoli were closely packed with macrophages. Four to 6 months after the last injection, there was still VP-VA in the lungs with the attendent macrophages. Animals killed 1 yr after the last injection showed no VP-VA in the lungs. After sc injection, most of the VP-VA was stored in the spleen. There were occasional, large macrophages found in the interstitial tissue of the lung. During the 1 yr period of observation, there was no evidence of tumors or systemic disease.PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade PVP can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes. PVP K-90 100% Powder appears as a white powder. PVP K-90 is a component of Denhardt's Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution. PVP K-90 is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and used in a great variety of applications. PVP K-90 can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the lactam ring.High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of PVP K-90.Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP K-90 is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP K-90s formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques.PVP K-90 is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. acts as rheology modifier. is a highly adhesive tablet binder. stabilizes emulsion and structures liquid products. provides anti-soil redeposition, enzyme stabilization and dye transfer inhibition. functions as binder and protective coating for enzymes. provides surface shine enhancement. forms hard, transparent, glossy films.PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade PVP can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes. PVP K-90 100% Powder appears as a white powder. PVP K-90 is a component of Denhardt's Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution. PVP K-90 is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and used in a great variety of applications. PVP K-90 can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the lactam ring.High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of PVP K-90.Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP K-90 is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP K-90s formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques.PVP K-90 is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. acts as rheology modifier. is a highly adhesive tablet binder. stabilizes emulsion and structures liquid products. provides anti-soil redeposition, enzyme stabilization and dye transfer inhibition. functions as binder and protective coating for enzymes. provides surface shine enhancement. forms hard, transparent, glossy films.PVP is used as a film former in hair styling products, PVP can also be used as an emulsion stabilizer in creams and lotions and as a dispersant for hair colorants. Additionally, pharmaceutical grade PVP can be used in toothpastes and mouthwashes. PVP K-90 100% Powder appears as a white powder. PVP K-90 is a component of Denhardt's Solution and is included at a concentration of 1% (w/v) in the standard 50X stock solution. PVP K-90 is a hygroscopic, amorphous polymer supplied as a white, free-flowing powder or a clear aqueous solution. Available in several molecular weight grades, they are characterized by K-value, and used in a great variety of applications. PVP K-90 can be plasticized with water and most common organic plasticizers. It is considered to be physiologically inert. Applications take advantage of one or more properties inherent in the polymer, typically due to the lactam ring.High polarity and the resultant propensity to form complexes with hydrogen donors, such as phenols and carboxylic acids, as well as anionic dyes and inorganic salts.Dispersancy, where components in a mixture are uniformly distributed through the use of PVP K-90.Hydrophilicity, where the substantial water solubility of PVP K-90 is its dominant feature and frequently a factor along with other properties valuable to numerous applications.Adhesion, taking advantage of the higher molecular weight PVP K-90s formulating in aqueous media, then evaporating sufficient water to generate a solid product for the desired application.Cohesivity, where cohesive strength is achieved through a variety of dry blending and granulation techniques.PVP K-90 is cross-linkable to a water insoluble, swellable material either in the course of vinylpyrrolidone polymerization, by addition of an appropriate multifunctional comonomer or by post-reaction, typically through hydrogen abstraction chemistry. acts as rheology modifier. is a highly adhesive tablet binder. stabilizes emulsion and structures liquid products. provides anti-soil redeposition, enzyme stabilization and dye transfer inhibition. functions as binder and protective coating for enzymes. provides surface shine enhancement. forms hard, transparent, glossy films.

PVP VA 64 представляет собой линейный статистический сополимер 6:4 N-винилпирролидона и винилацетата.
Винилацетатный компонент ПВП ВА 64 снижает гидрофильность и температуру стеклования (Tg) по сравнению с гомополимерами повидона аналогичной молекулярной массы.
В результате, PVP VA 64 является превосходным связующим для таблеток, обладающим отличными адгезивными свойствами при влажной грануляции, а также при сухой грануляции и прямом прессовании.

КАС: 25086-89-9
МФ: C10H15NO3
МВт: 197,23

Благодаря своей сферической, полой морфологии частиц и высокой пластичности, PVP VA 64 исключительно хорошо работает в качестве вяжущего для прямого прессования.
Кроме того, более низкая Tg делает PVP VA 64 идеальной полимерной матрицей для твердых дисперсий/растворов посредством экструзии горячего расплава, что улучшает растворение плохо растворимых активных лекарственных веществ.
PVP VA 64 широко используется в фармацевтических препаратах и обычно считается нетоксичным.
Однако PVP VA 64 умеренно токсичен при приеме внутрь, вызывая желудочные расстройства.
PVP VA 64 не оказывает раздражающего или сенсибилизирующего действия на кожу.

Было проведено исследование канцерогенности и хронической токсичности PVP VA 64 (Kollidon VA 64) у крыс Wistar и собак породы бигль.
Результаты этих исследований продемонстрировали отсутствие каких-либо значимых токсикологических данных о высоких уровнях коподивона в пище у крыс и собак, что привело к ненаблюдаемым побочным эффектам в дозах 2800 мг/кг массы тела/день у крыс и 2500 мг/кг массы тела.

Сополимер ПВП ВА 64 выполняет функции связующего, пленкообразователя и фиксатора волос в косметических продуктах.
PVP VA 64 является более важным ингредиентом в рецептуре, чем с точки зрения ухода за кожей.
В качестве связующего агента PVP VA 64 помогает связать или скрепить вместе ингредиенты косметического продукта в форме прессованной лепешки или таблетки продукта.

Ингредиенты в сухой форме смешиваются с использованием минимального количества связующего, а затем прессуются до желаемого эффекта.
Этот метод предотвращает разрушение других ингредиентов продукта.
В качестве пленкообразователя при нанесении на волосы или кожу они образуют непрерывный, сцепляющийся, эластичный слой.

Этот слой/пленка обладает водоудерживающими свойствами, которые делают кожу гладкой и шелковистой. PVP VA 64 также используется в лаках и гелях для волос.
При использовании PVP VA 64 образует тонкий слой или пленку на поверхности волос.
Учитывая его структуру, PVP VA 64 также имеет несколько химических групп, образующих временные связи, которые не только помогают образовывать пленку, но и помогают прикрепляться к стержню волоса и поддерживать прическу.
PVP VA 64 предотвращает впитывание влаги волосами и помогает сохранить стиль.
PVP VA 64 используется в рецептурах средств для укладки и других средств по уходу за волосами.

Преимущества:
Пригодность для использования в прямом прессовании, сухой грануляции, влажной грануляции, экструзии горячего расплава и пленочном покрытии,
Хорошая текучесть,
Большая площадь поверхности благодаря полой морфологии частиц – улучшает сцепление частиц и хорошую сжимаемость,
Идеальная температура стеклования (Tg) для экструзии горячего расплава.

Химические свойства ПВП ВА 64
Плотность: 1,27 г/мл при 25 °C (лит.)
Показатель преломления: от 1,4300 до 1,4380
Fp: 72 ° F
Растворимость: растворимость более 10% в 1,4-бутандиоле, глицерине, бутаноле, хлороформе, дихлорметане, этаноле (95%), глицерине, метаноле, полиэтиленгликоле 400, пропан-2-оле, пропаноле, пропиленгликоле и воде.
Растворимость менее 1% в циклогексане, диэтиловом эфире, жидком парафине и пентане.
Форма: порошок
Белый цвет
Стабильность: Стабильная. Горюч, особенно в порошкообразном виде. Несовместим с сильными окислителями, сильными восстановителями.
LogP: 0,370 (оценка)
Система регистрации веществ EPA: PVP VA 64 (25086-89-9)

ПВП ВА 64 представляет собой аморфный порошок от белого до желтовато-белого цвета.
PVP VA 64 обычно высушивают распылением с относительно мелкими частицами.
ПВП ВА 64 имеет слабый запах и слабый вкус.

Использование
PVP VA 64 представляет собой водорастворимый полимер, используемый для улучшения усвоения и загрузки лекарственными средствами различных фармацевтических препаратов, включая противозачаточные пластыри.

Основное сырье косметики используется для геля для волос, мусса, шампуня и т. д., а также поверхностно-активных веществ, медицины и других отраслей промышленности.
ПВП ВА 64 в основном используется в качестве водорастворимых клеев и сухих клеев в технологии грануляции и прямого таблетирования, в качестве пленкообразующих материалов в пленочных покрытиях и в качестве порообразующих материалов в ароматизаторах.
PVP VA 64 наносится на сахарное покрытие для предотвращения образования лепестков, а нижнее покрытие используется для предотвращения попадания влаги.

Продукты серии сополимеров PVP VA 64 в основном используются в качестве пленкообразователей и формообразователей в области косметики, особенно в продуктах серии лаков для волос, лаков для волос, муссов и шампуней.
Они играют важную роль в качестве пленкообразователей и средств для укладки волос.
Если их использовать вместе с ПВП К30, они усилят эффект от их использования.

Методы производства
ПВП ВА 64 получают радикальной полимеризацией винилпирролидона и винилацетата в соотношении 6:4.
Синтез проводят в органическом растворителе из-за нерастворимости винилацетата в воде.

Фармацевтические приложения
PVP VA 64 используется в качестве связующего для таблеток, пленкообразователя и как часть матричного материала, используемого в препаратах с контролируемым высвобождением.
При таблетировании PVP VA 64 можно использовать в качестве связующего для прямого прессования и в качестве связующего при влажной грануляции.
PVP VA 64 часто добавляют в растворы для покрытий в качестве пленкообразующего агента.
PVP VA 64 обеспечивает хорошую адгезию, эластичность и твердость и может использоваться в качестве барьера от влаги.

Синонимы
25086-89-9
Полектрон 845
Лувискол В.А. 28И
Лувискол В.А. 37Е
Лувискол В.А., 64
Колима 10
Колима 35
этенилацетат; 1-этенилпирролидин-2-он
Гантрон С 860
ПВП-ВА
Ганекс Е 535
ГАФ-С 630
Лувискол В.А. 281
Лувискол В.А. 28 И
Лувискол В.А. 37 Е
я 535
я 635
я 735
S 630
MFCD00134018
Лувискол ВА-64
SCHEMBL29127
Коповидон (технический сорт)
винилпирролидон/винилацетат
Винилпирролидон/винилацетат
N-винилпирролидон/винилацетат
1-винилпирролидонвинилацетат
BCP31918
NSC114023
NSC114024
НСК114025
NSC114026
АКОС015898247
НБК-114023
НСК-114024
НСК-114025
НБК-114026
1-этенилпирролидин-2-он; этенилацетат
этенилэтаноат; 1-этенилпирролидин-2-он
FT-0659810
А817635
этениловый эфир уксусной кислоты; 1-этенил-2-пирролидинон
733045-73-3

SYNONYMS acetic acid ethenyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;ethenyl acetate;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;poly(1-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) CAS NO: 25086-89-9

Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate); Copovidone; Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-Vinyl Acetate); Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer; PVP/VA Copolymer; Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidinone polymer; Vinylpyrrolidinone-vinyl acetate polymer;

PVP/VA I-535 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) VP/VA Copolymer. PVP-VA I-535 acts as a film forming agent. PVP-VA I-535 is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 50/50 (VP/VA). Shows good propellant compatibility. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. PVP-VA I-535 finds application in formulating hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. PVP-VA I-535 offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is a film former produced by the free-radical polymerization on monomers in 70/30 VP/VA ratio. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. PVP/VA W-Series copolymers are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers varying from 30/70 to 40/60 vinyl acetate (VA) to vinylpyrrolidone (VP), supplied in water. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate)) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. What is PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) Copolymer? PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. Ashland offers formulators a series of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers. Members of the PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymer series serve as primary film formers in a variety of products demanding different degrees of water resistance. These copolymers feature specific affinity for hair, skin and smooth surfaces such as wood, glass, paper, and metal, yet do not require solvents for removal. The advantages of using PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties • E = ethanol (EtOH), I = isopropanol, W = water, S = solid The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) S copolymer PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) S-630 copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W copolymers PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W-735 copolymer is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E-735 copolymer, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E-535 copolymer and PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) S-630 copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists. Storage and handling PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate)) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W copolymers PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W-735 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E-735, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E-535 and PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E-335. In general, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is less hygroscopic than PVP. Abstract In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate)) copolymer compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene.[2] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives.[2] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.[1] What is PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) Copolymer? PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. (See image below) Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-735, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. Storage and handling PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate)) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-735, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W copolymers PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W-735 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) W-735 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E-735, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E-535 and PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) E-335. In general, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is less hygroscopic than PVP. Uses Medical PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets;[2] it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.[3] The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.[4] This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.[5] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Technical PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT)[9] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels[10] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer[citation needed] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR [11] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly[12] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells[13] Other uses PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.[14][15] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.[16] PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.[17] Safety of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses,[18] and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) component of the solution.[19] A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP.[20] In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP.[21] Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) instead.[22][23] Properties of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol,[24] as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).[25] When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) and its oxidized hydrolyzate. History of PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. VP/VA Copolymer. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is a film former. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 70/30 (VP/VA). PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate)) copolymer in water. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) is a film former produced by the free-radical polymerization on monomers in 70/30 VP/VA ratio. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. PVP/VA W-Series copolymers are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers varying from 30/70 to 40/60 vinyl acetate (VA) to vinylpyrrolidone (VP), supplied in water. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate)) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA I-535 (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) copolymers

Saç jölesi ve spreylerinde sertleştirici polimer. Saç jölesi (%10-15), Spreylerde (%8-20)

PVP/VA W-635 VP/VA Copolymer. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is a film former. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 70/30 (VP/VA). PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) ) copolymer in water. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is a film former produced by the free-radical polymerization on monomers in 70/30 VP/VA ratio. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. PVP/VA W-Series copolymers are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers varying from 30/70 to 40/60 vinyl acetate (VA) to vinylpyrrolidone (VP), supplied in water. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) ) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. What is PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) Copolymer? PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. Ashland offers formulators a series of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers. Members of the PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymer series serve as primary film formers in a variety of products demanding different degrees of water resistance. These copolymers feature specific affinity for hair, skin and smooth surfaces such as wood, glass, paper, and metal, yet do not require solvents for removal. The advantages of using PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties • E = ethanol (EtOH), I = isopropanol, W = water, S = solid The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) S copolymer PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) S-630 copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W copolymers PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W-735 copolymer is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E-735 copolymer, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E-535 copolymer and PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) S-630 copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists. Storage and handling PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) ) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W copolymers PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W-735 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E-735, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E-535 and PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E-335. In general, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is less hygroscopic than PVP. Abstract In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) ) copolymer compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) , N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene.[2] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives.[2] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.[1] What is PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) Copolymer? PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. (See image below) Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-735, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. Storage and handling PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) ) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-735, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W copolymers PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W-735 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) W-735 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E-735, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E-535 and PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) E-335. In general, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is less hygroscopic than PVP. Uses Medical PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets;[2] it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.[3] The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.[4] This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.[5] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Technical PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT)[9] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels[10] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer[citation needed] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR [11] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly[12] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells[13] Other uses PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.[14][15] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.[16] PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.[17] Safety of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses,[18] and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) component of the solution.[19] A woman, who had previously experienced urticaria (hives) from various hair products, later found to contain PVP, had an anaphylactic response after povidone-iodine solution was applied internally. She was found to be allergic to PVP.[20] In another case, a man experiencing anaphylaxis after taking acetaminophen tablets orally was found to be allergic to PVP.[21] Povidone is commonly used in conjunction with other chemicals. Some of these, such as iodine, are blamed for allergic responses, although testing results in some patients show no signs of allergy to the suspect chemical. Allergies attributed to these other chemicals may possibly be caused by the PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) instead.[22][23] Properties of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) is soluble in water and other polar solvents. For example, it is soluble in various alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol,[24] as well as in more exotic solvents like the deep eutectic solvent formed by choline chloride and urea (Relin).[25] When dry it is a light flaky hygroscopic powder, readily absorbing up to 40% of its weight in atmospheric water. In solution, it has excellent wetting properties and readily forms films. This makes it good as a coating or an additive to coatings. A 2014 study found fluorescent properties of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) and its oxidized hydrolyzate. History of PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) was first synthesized by Walter Reppe and a patent was filed in 1939 for one of the derivatives of acetylene chemistry. PVP/VA W-635 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) was initially used as a blood plasma substitute and later in a wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production.

PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate) VP/VA Copolymer. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is a film former. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 70/30 (VP/VA). PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat)) copolymer in water. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is a film former produced by the free-radical polymerization on monomers in 70/30 VP/VA ratio. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. PVP/VA W-Series copolymers are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers varying from 30/70 to 40/60 vinyl acetate (VA) to vinylpyrrolidone (VP), supplied in water. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat)) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. What is PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) Copolymer? PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. Here at we do not use this ingredient in ANY of our products and especially not in our Hairspray. Our Grapefruit and Lemon Grass Hairspray is not only kind to you but is also kind to the environment by not having an aerosol and instead having an environmentally friendly trigger spray. This beautiful product contains a natural UV protector and hold factor which means no petro-chemicals, plastics or polymers. This gentle formula also means no more eye and scalp irritations. Ashland offers formulators a series of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers. Members of the PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymer series serve as primary film formers in a variety of products demanding different degrees of water resistance. These copolymers feature specific affinity for hair, skin and smooth surfaces such as wood, glass, paper, and metal, yet do not require solvents for removal. The advantages of using PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers as film formers are: • film flexibility • good adhesion • water remoistenability • hardness These properties make PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers suitable for a variety of industrial, personal care, and pharmaceutical products. The major industrial applications are in hot melt adhesives, photoresist binders and coatings for inkjet media paper, plastic film and other substrates. • Linear, random copolymers • Increasing vinyl acetate content - increasing hydrophobicity, decreasing hygroscopicity, decreasing Tg • Hydrophilic, transparent, flexible thermoplastic, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals • Soluble in alcohols, esters, and ketones, insoluble in ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Soluble in water when VP content greater than 50% • Adhesive and cohesive properties • E = ethanol (EtOH), I = isopropanol, W = water, S = solid The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) S copolymer PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) S-630 copolymer, a white, odorless powder, is also available at a 60/40 VP/VA weight ratio. It is a high molecular weight, solvent and water soluble copolymer exhibiting a minimum critical solution temperature of approximately 70°C. Films cast from solutions are glossy, translucent and rewettable by water. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W copolymers PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W-735 copolymer is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W-635 copolymer is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. VA (vinyl acetate) is a more hydrophobic molecule than VP (vinylpyrrolidone). Thus increasing VA content of the copolymer causes an increase in hydrophobicity and consequently a decrease in water solubility and hygroscopicity relative to the VP homopolymer. Plasticizers and Polymers: Most PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of Films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E-735 copolymer, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E-535 copolymer and PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E- 335 copolymer. In general, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymer is less hygroscopic than PVP. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are widely used for their excellent film forming properties in the following applications and markets: In hot melt adhesives, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are used in a variety of water remoistenable or water removable adhesives as listed below. Here they offer the formulators performance advantages in film flexibility, adhesiveness and water remoistenability. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are also used in coatings for ink-jet media including paper, plastic films and other substrates to enhance dye receptivity. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) S-630 copolymer is used as a binder to allow the aqueous processing of photoresists. Storage and handling PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat)) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-635, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W copolymers PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W-735 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W-635 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E-735, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E-535 and PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E-335. In general, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is less hygroscopic than PVP. Abstract In this study, the influence of copolymer composition on drug-polymer solubility was investigated. The solubility of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) in various polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat)) copolymer compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 w/w) and the pure homopolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) was predicted at 25 °C using a thermal analysis method based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous dispersion (recrystallization method). These solubilities were compared with a prediction based on the solubility of CCX in the liquid monomeric precursors of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl acetate (VA), using the Flory-Huggins lattice theory (liquid monomer solubility approach). The solubilities predicted from the liquid monomer solubility approach increased linearly with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.03-0.60 w/w. Even though the solubilities predicted from the recrystallization method also increased with increasing VP/VA ratio from 0.02-0.40 w/w, the predicted solubility seemed to approach a plateau at high VP/VA ratios. Increasing positive deviations from the Gordon-Taylor equation with increasing VP/VA ratio indicated strong interactions between CCX and the VP repeat unit, which was in accordance with the relatively high solubilities predicted using both methods. As the solubility plateau may be a consequence of steric hindrance caused by the size differences between CCX and the VP repeat units, it is likely that a CCX molecule interacting with a VP repeat unit hinders another CCX molecule from binding to the neighboring repeat units in the polymer chain. Therefore, it is possible that replacing these neighboring hygroscopic VP repeat units with hydrophobic VA repeat units, could increase the physical stability of an amorphous solid dispersion without compromising the drug-polymer solubility. This knowledge could be used advantageously in future development of amorphous drug delivery systems as copolymers could be customized to provide optimal drug-polymer solubility and physical stability. PVP/VA Copolymer. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) acts as a film forming agent. It forms transparent, flexible and oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastic and metal. It offers strong & stiff hold, enhanced high humidity curl retention and good propellant compatibility. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) finds application in formulating alcohol-free and hair care products like hairsprays, colorants, mousses, gels, styling lotions/creams and novelty stylers. It is a 50% solution of linear and random polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA) copolymer in water. It is produced by the free-radical polymerization of monomers in the ratio of 60/40 (VP/VA). PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) thermoplastic, linear, random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymer. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) used in industrial, specialty and imaging coatings, printing inks and paints. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) provides transparency, flexibility, oxygen permeability and adhesion to glass, plastics and metals. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is produced industrially by vinylation of 2-pyrrolidone, i.e. the base-catalyzed reaction with acetylene.[2] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is the precursor to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), an important synthetic material. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives.[2] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone.[1] What is PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) Copolymer? PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) Copolymer is the ingredient found in most mainstream hair care products that provides the hold factor. So it is very common in most Hairsprays but also found in gel's, wax's, pomades and styling creams. It is a synthetic ingredient that is derived from petroleum. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) (also known as Polyvinylpyrrolidone) was the main ingredient in the first really successful hairsprays in the early 1950s. This polymer worked as a hairspray because it was soluble in water. This meant it could be rinsed out when you wash your hair. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) tended to absorb water out of the air, giving hair that tacky look that was so common in the sixties. This was fixed with the help of another polymer, a silicone called polydimethylsiloxane. To understand how this silicone made a better hairspray, it helps to understand how the hairspray works in the first place. When you spray it on, the polyvinylpyrrolidone forms a thin coating on the hair. This coating is stiff and keeps the hair from moving around. (See image below) Unfortunately no one was aware of the dangers that came with this Polymer. If particles of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) Copolymer are inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs in sensitive individuals. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of people. Up until a few years ago, this ingredient was considered safe to use however now it is definitely an ingredient that is better to avoid. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E and I copolymer Series To fit many application areas, the E and I series of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol2, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E- 335, E-535, E-735, E-735, and three in the I group: 1-335, 1-535, 1-735. Each differs in monomer ratio and, therefore, in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility, and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios. Storage and handling PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are stable for at least one year under normal conditions of storage but strict precautions should be taken to avoid moisture pickup. The E and I series have flash points in the range of 50-55°F (10-13°C) and are classified as flammable (DOT Flammable) materials. For safety reasons and to prevent moisture pickup due to drum breathing with changes in temperature, store in a dry place below 100°F (38°C) and repack or use in explosion- proof facilities. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) polymers produce transparent, flexible, oxygen permeable films which adhere to glass, plastics and metals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat)) resins are linear, random copolymers produced by the free-radical polymerization of the monomers in ratios varying from 70/30 to 30/70 vinyl acetate to vinylpyrrolidone. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are available as white powders or clear solutions in ethanol, isopropanol and water. Polymers in the four ranges of vinylpyrrolidone content (30, 50, 60 and 70 percent), are produced in ethanol or isopropanol. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers with 60 and 70 percent vinylpyrrolidone content are available as solids or as 50 percent aqueous solutions. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E- and I-series To fit more application areas, the E- and I-series of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are available as 50% solutions in ethanol and in isopropanol**, respectively. There are four distinct copolymers in the E group: E-335, E-535, E-735, E-735, and three in the I group: I-335, I-535, I-735. Each differs in monomer ratio, and therefore in properties - water sensitivity, viscosity, softening point, etc. This affords formulators considerable flexibility in creating new products for specific applications. The transparent films formed by all of these copolymers are characterized by adhesion, luster, hardness and water rewettability. Good compatibility with many modifiers and plasticizers permits wide freedom in formulation and broadens the range of hygroscopicity, film flexibility and abrasion resistance. Unmodified copolymers having the lower ratios of vinylpyrrolidone to vinyl acetate exhibit more moisture resistance than products with high ratios of VP to VA. The PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W copolymers PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W-735 is a 70/30 copolymer of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) and vinyl acetate supplied as a 50% solution in water. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) W-735 is a 60/40 copolymer also supplied as a 50% aqueous solution. They are ideal nonionic fixative resins for alcohol-free mousses and gels. They offer formulators outstanding curl and style retention properties without build-up, flaking or dulling of hair. Plasticizers and polymers: Most PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) copolymers are compatible with a variety of nonionic and cationic polymers. Compatibility with anionic copolymers can be achieved through neutralization prior to mixing. Hygroscopicity of films: The inherent water sensitivity of PVP/ VA copolymer films varies with the monomer ratio. Typical data are shown below for PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E-735, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E-535 and PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) E-335. In general, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is less hygroscopic than PVP. Uses Medical PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) was used as a plasma volume expander for trauma victims after the 1950s.It is not preferred as volume expander due to its ability to provoke histamine release and also interfere with blood grouping. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets;[2] it simply passes through the body when taken orally. (However, autopsies have found that crospovidone (PVPP) contributes to pulmonary vascular injury in substance abusers who have injected pharmaceutical tablets intended for oral consumption.[3] The long-term effects of crospovidone or povidone within the lung are unknown.) PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) added to iodine forms a complex called povidone-iodine that possesses disinfectant properties.[4] This complex is used in various products like solutions, ointment, pessaries, liquid soaps and surgical scrubs. It is known under the trade names Pyodine and Betadine, among a plethora of others. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in pleurodesis (fusion of the pleura because of incessant pleural effusions). For this purpose, povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost.[5] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in some contact lenses and their packaging solutions. It reduces friction, thus acting as a lubricant, or wetting agent, built into the lens. Technical PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as an adhesive in glue stick and hot-melt adhesives PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as a special additive for batteries, ceramics, fiberglass, inks, and inkjet paper, and in the chemical-mechanical planarization process PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as an emulsifier and disintegrant for solution polymerization PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in increase resolution in photoresists for cathode ray tubes (CRT)[9] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in aqueous metal quenching for production of membranes, such as dialysis and water purification filters PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as a binder and complexation agent in agricultural applications such as crop protection, seed treatment and coating PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as a thickening agent in tooth whitening gels[10] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as an aid for increasing the solubility of drugs in liquid and semi-liquid dosage forms (syrups, soft gelatine capsules) and as an inhibitor of recrystallisation PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as an additive to Doro's RNA extraction buffer[citation needed] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as a liquid-phase dispersion enhancing agent in DOSY NMR [11] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as a surfactant, reducing agent, shape controlling agent and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis and their self-assembly[12] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is used in as a stabilizing agent in all inorganic solar cells[13] Other uses PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) binds to polar molecules exceptionally well, owing to its polarity. This has led to its application in coatings for photo-quality ink-jet papers and transparencies, as well as in inks for inkjet printers. PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is also used in personal care products, such as shampoos and toothpastes, in paints, and adhesives that must be moistened, such as old-style postage stamps and envelopes. It has also been used in contact lens solutions and in steel-quenching solutions.[14][15] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers. In molecular biology, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer. It is also exceptionally good at absorbing polyphenols during DNA purification. Polyphenols are common in many plant tissues and can deactivate proteins if not removed and therefore inhibit many downstream reactions like PCR. In microscopy, PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) is useful for making an aqueous mounting medium.[16] PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) can be used to screen for phenolic properties, as referenced in a 2000 study on the effect of plant extracts on insulin production.[17] Safety of PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this chemical for many uses,[18] and it is generally considered safe. However, there have been documented cases of allergic reactions to PVP/povidone, particularly regarding subcutaneous (applied under the skin) use and situations where the PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) has come in contact with autologous serum (internal blood fluids) and mucous membranes. For example, a boy having an anaphylactic response after application of PVP-Iodine for treatment of impetigo was found to be allergic to the PVP/VA W-735 (Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate, Polivinilpirolidon Vinil Asetat) component of the solution.[19] A woman, who had previ

PYRIDOXINE HCL, N° CAS : 58-56-0 / 12001-77-3 - Pyridoxine hydrochloride. Nom INCI : PYRIDOXINE HCL. Nom chimique : 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, hydrochloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-386-2 / -. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Plasdone’, PVP, Polyvidone, Povidone CAS # : 9003-39-8

DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7758-16-9 - Pyrophosphate disodique. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-835-0. Le pyrophosphate disodique se présente sous la forme d'une poudre cristalline blanche. Dans les cosmétiques, on s'en sert d'agent tampon, de chélateur et d'anti-corrosif. Ses fonctions (INCI): Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques

219-574-0 [EINECS]; 2466-09-3 [RN]; Acide diphosphorique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Diphosphoric acid ; Diphosphorsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; hydrogen pyrophosphate; MFCD00011343 [MDL number]; phosphoric anhydride; Pyrophosphic acid; Pyrophosphoric Acid; (phosphonooxy)phosphonic acid [2466-09-3] 03.09.2466 1314-56-3 [RN] 14000-31-8 [RN] 2-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidine [ACD/IUPAC Name] 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 215-236-1 [EINECS] 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate 33943-49-6 [RN] 3-methylbut-3-enyl trihydrogen diphosphate 69639-93-6 [RN] 7722-88-5 [RN] ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE Adenosine-5'-triphosphate ADP ATP CTP CYTIDINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE dCt dimethylallyl diphosphate Diphosphorsaeure DMA DPO DTP IPE MFCD02663458 [MDL number] Oxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid phosphono dihydrogen phosphate Phosphonooxyphosphonic acid Phosphoricanhydride Phosphotex POP PPV Pyrophosphoricacid Pyrophosphorsaeure THYMIDINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE TTP μ-oxido-bis(dihydroxidooxidophosphorus) 焦磷酸 [Chinese]

PYRUVIC ACID, N° CAS : 127-17-3, Nom INCI : PYRUVIC ACID, Nom chimique : Propanoic Acid, 2-oxo, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-824-3. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

pyrus communis flower extract; extract of the flowers of the pear, pyrus communis l., rosaceae; european pear flower extract CAS NO:90082-43-2

Quartemine; 1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride cas no: 112-02-7

ОПИСАНИЕ:

П-бензохинон, парахинон, представляет собой химическое соединение с формулой C6H4O2.
В чистом виде п-бензохинон образует ярко-желтые кристаллы с характерным раздражающим запахом, напоминающим запах хлора, отбеливателя, горячего пластика или формальдегида.
Это шестичленное кольцевое соединение представляет собой окисленное производное 1,4-гидрохинона.


Номер CAS : 106-51-4
Номер ЕС : 203-405-2
Линейная формула: C6H4(=O)2

СИНОНИМ(Ы) П-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
Хинон, 1,4-бензохинон[1];бензохинон;п-бензохинон;п-хинон


Молекула многофункциональна: П-бензохинон проявляет свойства кетона, способный образовывать оксимы; окислитель, образующий дигидроксипроизводное; и алкен, вступающий в реакции присоединения, особенно типичные для α,β-ненасыщенных кетонов.
П-бензохинон чувствителен как к сильным минеральным кислотам, так и к щелочам, которые вызывают конденсацию и разложение соединения.


P-Бензохинон используется в качестве диенофила в циклоприсоединениях Дильса-Альдера для получения нафтохинонов и 1,4-фенантрендионов.
П-бензохинон действует как реагент дегидрирования и окислитель в синтетической органической химии.
В реакции Тиле-Винтера он участвует в получении триацетата гидроксихинола путем взаимодействия с уксусным ангидридом и серной кислотой.

P-Бензохинон также используется в синтезе бромадола и для подавления миграции двойных связей во время реакций метатезиса олефинов.
P-Бензохинон используется в качестве предшественника гидрохинона, который находит применение в фотографии, а также в качестве восстановителя и антиоксиданта в производстве каучука.


п-Бензохинон (PBQ) представляет собой циклический сопряженный дикетон.
Сообщается о его фотоэлектронном спектре высокого разрешения.
Зарегистрированы и проанализированы видимые и ближние ультрафиолетовые спектры ПБХ.

Сообщалось, что его добавление в качестве соагента увеличивает скорость сшивания полипропилена, инициируемого пиролизом пероксидов.
Его влияние на гемоглобин (Hb) исследовано на основе иммуноблоттинга и масс-спектрального анализа крови курильщика.


ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЕ Р-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
1,4-Бензохинон получают промышленным путем окислением гидрохинона, который можно получить несколькими способами.
Один путь включает окисление диизопропилбензола и перегруппировку Хока.
Итоговую реакцию можно представить следующим образом:
C6H4(CHMe2)2 + 3 O2 → C6H4O2 + 2 OCMe2 + H2O

Реакция протекает через бис(гидропероксид) и гидрохинон.
Ацетон является побочным продуктом.
Другой важный процесс включает прямое гидроксилирование фенола кислой перекисью водорода: C6H5OH + H2O2 → C6H4(OH)2 + H2O. Образуются как гидрохинон, так и катехол.

Последующее окисление гидрохинона дает хинон.[8]
Хинон первоначально получали промышленным путем окислением анилина, например, диоксидом марганца.
Этот метод в основном практикуется в КНР, где экологические нормы более смягчены.

Окисление гидрохинона протекает легко.
В одном из таких методов в качестве окислителя используется перекись водорода, а в качестве катализатора окисления, происходящего в полярном растворителе, - йод или соль йода; например, изопропиловый спирт.
При нагревании почти до точки плавления 1,4-бензохинон сублимируется даже при атмосферном давлении, что обеспечивает эффективную очистку.
Нечистые образцы часто имеют темный цвет из-за присутствия хингидрона, темно-зеленого комплекса хинона с гидрохиноном с переносом заряда 1:1.

СТРУКТУРА И РЕДОКС P-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
Расстояния связей C–C и C–O в бензохиноне (Q), его 1e восстановленном производном (Q-) и гидрохиноне (H2Q).
Бензохинон представляет собой плоскую молекулу с локализованными чередующимися связями C=C, C=O и C–C.
Восстановление дает семихиноновый анион C6H4O2-}, который принимает более делокализованную структуру.
Дальнейшее восстановление в сочетании с протонированием дает гидрохинон, в котором кольцо C6 полностью делокализовано.


РЕАКЦИИ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ Р-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
Хинон в основном используется в качестве предшественника гидрохинона, который используется в фотографии и производстве резины в качестве восстановителя и антиоксиданта.
Бензохиноний — релаксант скелетных мышц, блокатор ганглиев, изготовленный из бензохинона.


ОРГАНИЧЕСКИЙ СИНТЕЗ Р-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
П-бензохинон используется в качестве акцептора водорода и окислителя в органическом синтезе.
1,4-Бензохинон служит реагентом дегидрирования.
P-Бензохинон также используется в качестве диенофила в реакциях Дильса-Альдера.


Бензохинон реагирует с уксусным ангидридом и серной кислотой с образованием триацетата гидроксихинола.
Эта реакция называется реакцией Тиле или реакцией Тиле-Винтера[19][20] в честь Иоганна Тиле, который впервые описал ее в 1898 году, и в честь Эрнста Винтера, который дополнительно описал механизм ее реакции в 1900 году.

На этом этапе полного синтеза метахромина А находит применение:
Бензохинон также используется для подавления миграции двойной связи во время реакций метатезиса олефинов.
Кислый раствор йодида калия восстанавливает раствор бензохинона до гидрохинона, который можно повторно окислить до хинона раствором нитрата серебра.
Благодаря своей способности действовать как окислитель, 1,4-бензохинон можно обнаружить в методах, использующих окисление Вакера-Цуджи, где соль палладия катализирует превращение алкена в кетон.

Эту реакцию обычно проводят с использованием кислорода под давлением в качестве окислителя, но иногда предпочтительным может быть бензохинон.
P-Бензохинон также используется в качестве реагента в некоторых вариантах окисления Вакера.
1,4-Бензохинон используется в синтезе Бромадола и родственных аналогов.


2,3-Дихлор-5,6-дициано-1,4-бензохинон (DDQ) является более сильным окислителем и агентом дегидрирования, чем 1,4-бензохинон.
Хлоранил 1,4-C6Cl4O2 является еще одним мощным окислителем и агентом дегидрирования.
Монохлор-п-бензохинон — еще один, но более мягкий окислитель.


МЕТАБОЛИЗМ Р-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
1,4-Бензохинон — токсичный метаболит, обнаруженный в крови человека, и его можно использовать для отслеживания воздействия бензола или смесей, содержащих бензол и бензольные соединения, таких как бензин.
Соединение может влиять на клеточное дыхание, а у животных, подвергшихся серьезному воздействию, было обнаружено повреждение почек.
Он выводится из организма в исходной форме, а также в виде вариаций собственного метаболита гидрохинона.


ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ P-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
п-Бензохинон может быть использован для образования производных бензофуранона при взаимодействии с анилидами β-аминокротоновых кислот по реакции Неницеску.
Диенофил используется в циклоприсоединениях Дильса-Альдера с образованием нафтохинонов и 1,4-фенантрендионов.

Окислитель, используемый на первой стадии синтеза более зеленого амина из концевых олефинов путем окисления Вакера с последующим переносным гидрированием полученного имина.




п-Бензохинон используется в качестве диенофила в циклоприсоединениях Дильса-Альдера для получения нафтохинонов и 1,4-фенантрендионов.
P-бензохинон действует как реагент дегидрирования и как окислитель в синтетической органической химии.

В реакции Тиле-Винтера он участвует в получении триацетата гидроксихинола путем взаимодействия с уксусным ангидридом и серной кислотой.
P-Бензохинон также используется при синтезе бромадола и для подавления миграции двойных связей во время реакций метатезиса олефинов.
P-Бензохинон используется в качестве предшественника гидрохинона, который находит применение в фотографии, а также в качестве восстановителя и антиоксиданта при производстве каучука.




ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА Р-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
Химическая формула C6H4O2
Молярная масса 108,096 г•моль−1
Внешний вид Желтое твердое вещество
Запах Едкий, хлороподобный[2]
Плотность 1,318 г/см3 при 20 °C
Температура плавления 115 ° C (239 ° F; 388 К)
Точка кипения
Растворимость в воде 11 г/л (18 °C)
Растворимость Мало растворим в петролейном эфире; растворим в ацетоне; 10% в этаноле, бензоле, диэтиловом эфире
Давление пара 0,1 мм рт.ст. (25 °C)[2]
Магнитная восприимчивость (χ) -38,4•10-6 см3/моль
Количество CAS:
106-51-4
Молекулярная масса:
108.09
Байльштайн:
773967
Номер ЕС:
203-405-2
биологический источник
синтетический
Уровень качества
200
оценка
реагент
плотность пара
3,73 (по сравнению с воздухом)
давление газа
0,1 мм рт. ст. (25 °С)
анализ
≥98%
форма
порошок или кристаллы
температура самовоспламенения.
815 °Ф
более экологичные альтернативные характеристики продукта
Катализ
Узнайте больше о принципах зеленой химии.
депутат
113-115 °С (лит.)
растворимость
вода: растворим 14,7 г/л при 20 °C
более зеленая альтернативная категория
температура хранения.
комнатная температура
строка УЛЫБКИ
O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1
ИнЧИ
1S/C6H4O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4H
Ключ ИнЧИ
AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Генная информация
человек ... ACHE(43) , BCHE(590) , CES1(1066)

КАС
106-51-4
Молекулярная формула
C6H4O2
Молекулярные частицы (г/моль)
108.096
Число леев
MFCD00001591
Кле Инчи
AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-NAfficher plus
Синоним
п-бензохинон, бензохинон, хинон, 1,4-бензохинон, п-хинон, хинон, 2,5-циклогексадиен-1,4-дион, циклогексадиендион, пара-хинон, 1,4-бензохинДобавить плюс
CID ПабХим
4650
ЧЭБИ
ЧЕБИ:16509
Номинал ИЮПАК
циклогекса-2,5-диен-1,4-дион
УЛЫБКИ
C1=CC(=O)C=CC1=O
Химическое название или материал п-бензохинон
Температура плавления от 112°C до 115°C.
Плотность 1,318
Температура кипения ~180°C (сублимация)
Температура вспышки 77°C (171°F)
Процентный диапазон дозировки ≥98%
Запах острый
Количество 100 г
Номер один UN2587
Байльштейн 773967
Чувствительность Светочувствительный
Индекс Мерк 14,8074
Информация о растворимости Растворим в воде, этаноле, эфире, метаноле, бензоле, ацетоне и этилацетате.
Формула веса 108,1
Процент чистоты ≥98%
Растворимость 10 г/л (25°C)
Температура плавления 110–113°С.
Молярная масса 108,09 г/моль
Объемная плотность 700 кг/м3
Температура кипения 180°C (сублимированный)
Давление пара 0,12 гПа (20°C)
Плотность 1,32 г/см3 (20°С)
pH 4 (1 г/л, H2O, 20°C)
Точка воспламенения 560°C




ИНФОРМАЦИЯ ПО БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ П-БЕНЗОХИНОНА:
Меры первой помощи:
Описание мер первой помощи:
Общий совет:
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
Покажите этот паспорт безопасности лечащему врачу.
Выйдите из опасной зоны:

При вдыхании:
При вдыхании выведите пострадавшего на свежий воздух.
Если нет дыхания проведите искусственную вентиляцию легких.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
При попадании на кожу:
Немедленно снять загрязненную одежду и обувь.
Смыть большим количеством воды с мылом.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.

При попадании в глаза:
Тщательно промойте большим количеством воды в течение не менее 15 минут и обратитесь к врачу.
Продолжайте промывать глаза во время транспортировки в больницу.

При проглатывании:
Не вызывает рвоту.
Никогда не давайте ничего перорально человеку, находящемуся без сознания.
Прополоскать рот водой.
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.

Противопожарные меры:
Средства пожаротушения:
Подходящие средства пожаротушения:
Используйте водяной спрей, спиртостойкую пену, сухие химикаты или углекислый газ.
Особые опасности, исходящие от вещества или смеси
Оксиды углерода, Оксиды азота (NOx), Газообразный хлористый водород

Совет пожарным:
При необходимости наденьте автономный дыхательный аппарат для тушения пожара.
Меры при случайном высвобождении:
Меры личной безопасности, защитное снаряжение и действия в чрезвычайных ситуациях
Используйте средства индивидуальной защиты.

Избегайте вдыхания паров, тумана или газа.
Эвакуируйте персонал в безопасные места.

Экологические меры предосторожности:
Предотвратите дальнейшую утечку или разлив, если это безопасно.
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
Необходимо избегать попадания в окружающую среду.

Методы и материалы для локализации и очистки:
Промочить инертным абсорбирующим материалом и утилизировать как опасные отходы.
Хранить в подходящих закрытых контейнерах для утилизации.

Обращение и хранение:
Меры предосторожности для безопасного обращения:
Избегайте вдыхания паров или тумана.

Условия безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:
Хранить контейнер плотно закрытым в сухом и хорошо проветриваемом месте.
Открытые контейнеры необходимо тщательно закрыть и хранить в вертикальном положении во избежание утечки.
Класс хранения (TRGS 510): 8А: Горючие, коррозионно-активные опасные материалы.

Контроль воздействия / личная защита:
Параметры управления:
Компоненты с параметрами контроля рабочего места
Не содержит веществ с предельно допустимыми значениями профессионального воздействия.
Средства контроля воздействия:
Соответствующие технические средства контроля:
Обращайтесь в соответствии с правилами промышленной гигиены и техники безопасности.
Мойте руки перед перерывами и в конце рабочего дня.

Средства индивидуальной защиты:
Защита глаз/лица:
Плотно прилегающие защитные очки.
Лицевой щиток (минимум 8 дюймов).
Используйте средства защиты глаз, протестированные и одобренные в соответствии с соответствующими государственными стандартами, такими как NIOSH (США) или EN 166 (ЕС).

Защита кожи:
Работайте в перчатках.
Перчатки необходимо проверять перед использованием.
Используйте подходящие перчатки
технику снятия (не касаясь внешней поверхности перчатки), чтобы избежать попадания продукта на кожу.
Утилизируйте загрязненные перчатки после использования в соответствии с действующим законодательством и надлежащей лабораторной практикой.
Вымойте и высушите руки.

Полный контакт:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Протестированный материал: Дерматрил (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, размер M)
Всплеск контакта
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Протестированный материал: Дерматрил (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, размер M)
Его не следует истолковывать как разрешение на какой-либо конкретный сценарий использования.

Защита тела:
Полный костюм защиты от химикатов. Тип защитного средства необходимо выбирать в зависимости от концентрации и количества опасного вещества на конкретном рабочем месте.
Защита органов дыхания:
Если оценка риска показывает, что воздухоочистительные респираторы уместны, используйте полнолицевой респиратор с многоцелевыми комбинированными (США) или респираторными картриджами типа ABEK (EN 14387) в качестве резерва для инженерных средств контроля.

Если респиратор является единственным средством защиты, используйте респиратор, закрывающий все лицо.
Используйте респираторы и их компоненты, протестированные и одобренные в соответствии с соответствующими государственными стандартами, такими как NIOSH (США) или CEN (ЕС).
Контроль воздействия на окружающую среду
Предотвратите дальнейшую утечку или разлив, если это безопасно.
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
Необходимо избегать попадания в окружающую среду.

Стабильность и химическая активность:
Химическая стабильность:
Стабилен при рекомендуемых условиях хранения.
Несовместимые материалы:
Сильные окислители:
Опасные продукты разложения:
Опасные продукты разложения образуются в условиях пожара.
Оксиды углерода, Оксиды азота (NOx), Газообразный хлористый водород.

Утилизация отходов:
Методы переработки отходов:
Продукт:
Предложите решения для излишков и неперерабатываемых отходов лицензированной компании по утилизации.
Обратитесь в лицензированную профессиональную службу по утилизации отходов, чтобы избавиться от этого материала.
Загрязненная упаковка:
Утилизируйте как неиспользованный продукт.

Yumuşatıcı (%6-10)

Quartemine; 1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride cas no: 112-02-7