CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) Cetylpyridinium Chloride is a well-known, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used in over-the-counter rinses to promote gingival health. It acts by penetrating the cell membrane, causing cell components to leak, which eventually leads to cell death.16 This action can be described to patients using the analogy of puncturing a water balloon. Recently, over-the-counter therapeutic Cetylpyridinium Chloride rinses have been introduced in alcohol-free formulations Cetylpyridinium Chloride is recognized to be effective against plaque and gingivitis when formulated at concentrations of 0.045% to 0.1% with at least 72% to 77% chemically available cetylpyridinium chloride.7 CPC’s efficacy can be affected by other ingredients in the product formulation thus necessitating specific criteria to be established for its concentration and bioavailability.18 Studies have reported formulations with high bioavailable Cetylpyridinium Chloride are associated with greater biological activity, consequently indicating an increased probability for clinical efficacy.19 Rinses with lower Cetylpyridinium Chloride concentrations or with less chemically available Cetylpyridinium Chloride are long standing marketed products identified as cosmetic products used for the temporary control of halitosis. Cetylpyridinium chloride reduces plaque, calculus Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a cationic surface-active agent and has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and kills gram-positive pathogens and yeast. Maria Perno Goldie, RDH, MS, reviews the quaternary compound Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a quaternary compound that reduces plaque and calculus. It is a cationic surface-active agent and has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and kills gram-positive pathogens and yeast. (Scheie Aa. Modes of action of currently known chemical antiplaque agents other than chlorhexidine. Dent Res 1989; 68: 1609–1616.). Contact with bacteria occurs by the disturbance of the cell membrane, inhibition of cell function, seepage of cell contents, and eventually cell death. This article will be a brief review of CPC. In 2005 a study about a new product was published (Witt J, Ramji N, Gibb R, Dunavent J, Flood J, and Barnes J. Antibacterial and Antiplaque Effects of a Novel, Alcohol-Free Oral Rinse with Cetylpyridinium Chloride. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, Volume 6, No. 1, February 15, 2005. www.jaypeejournals.com/eJournals/ShowText.aspx. Accessed August 31, 2011). The study discusses that Cetylpyridinium Chloride was one of only three antimicrobial systems to be classified as safe and efficacious for the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis, along with stannous fluoride and essential oils. This was when they were formulated within a concentration range of 0.05 and 0.10%, by the FDA Plaque Subcommittee following a six year review of over 40 active ingredients. The study reviews results from an in vitro pre-clinical study and an in vivo clinical study evaluating the antibacterial and antiplaque benefits a new Cetylpyridinium Chloride rinse technology. The study results support the antibacterial and antiplaque benefits of 0.07% Cetylpyridinium Chloride rinse (Crest Pro-Health Rinse). The Cetylpyridinium Chloride rinse showed significant antiplaque benefits in vivo, reducing plaque on brushed surfaces by 39% and on non-brushed surfaces by 25% versus placebo. These benefits were shown to be comparable to those provided by a positive control, essential oils mouthrinse. This study is available free online. Crest Pro-Health Rinse product does not contain alcohol. Alcohol has an extensive history of safety when used in products as recommended, for the vast majority of the population. (Riep BG, Bernimoulin JP, Barnett ML. Comparative antiplaque effectiveness of an essential oil and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouthrinse. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26:164-168). However, certain individuals may not be able to tolerate alcohol-containing mouthrinses for a variety of reasons, and we have choices available to recommend to our patients. The standards for the concentration and bioavailability of Cetylpyridinium Chloride were put in place because the effectiveness of Cetylpyridinium Chloride may be affected by other ingredients in the product, whether those ingredients are active or inert. (Jenkins S, Addy M, Wade W, Newcombe RG. The magnitude and duration of the effects of some mouthrinse products on salivary bacteria counts. J Clin Periodontol. 1994; 21:397-401). Some components added to rinses have the ability to bind CPC, causing it to be less effective. One study showed discrepancies in the availability of Cetylpyridinium Chloride and chlorhexidine in some mouthrinse products. (S. Sheen and M. Addy. Which mouthrinses are the most effective at plaque prevention? Br Dent J 2003; 194: 207-210). This is important, as it may have an effect on the potential of some rinses to provide the expected plaque inhibitory activity. Products containing Cetylpyridinium Chloride are generally considered to be safe, when used as recommended. Side effects of Cetylpyridinium Chloride are usually mild, and may include staining of the teeth and tongue. In a meta analysis of eight studies, only one study reported that that the staining was significant in any way. The same systematic review stated that the existing evidence supports that Cetylpyridinium Chloride containing mouth rinses provide a small but significant additional benefit in reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, when used as adjuncts to either supervised or unsupervised oral hygiene. (Haps S, Slot DE, Berchier CE, and Van der Weijden GA. The effect of cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouth rinses as adjuncts to toothbrushing on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hygiene 6, 2008; 290–303). In a review of this meta analysis, strengths and weaknesses were highlighted. (Powell LV. Cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthwashes may provide additional benefits for gingival health. ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry. ebd.ada.org/SystematicReviewSummaryPage.aspx. Accessed August 31, 2011). The conclusion was that the weighted mean difference between the test and control treatment at endpoint was significant in favor of Cetylpyridinium Chloride for plaque scores and gingivitis in studies greater or equal to four weeks' duration. According to the reviewer, patients unable to attain sufficient plaque removal with routine brushing and self care may benefit by the addition of a CPC-containing mouth rinse to their oral care regimen. Molecular Weight of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 340 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 1 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 15 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 339.269278 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 339.269278 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 3.9 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 23 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 208 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Cetylpyridinium Chloride 2 Computed by PubChem Compound of Cetylpyridinium Chloride Is Canonicalized Yes

Cetostearyl alcohol

EC / List no.: 267-008-6
CAS no.: 67762-27-0


Cetostearyl alcohol, Cetylstearyl alcohol is a mixture of fatty alcohols, consisting predominantly of cetyl (16 C) and Cetylstearyl alcohols (18 C) and is classified as a fatty alcohol.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is used as an emulsion stabilizer, opacifying agent, and foam boosting surfactant, as well as an aqueous and nonaqueous viscosity-increasing agent.
Cetylstearyl alcohol imparts an emollient feel to the skin and can be used in water-in-oil emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, and anhydrous formulations.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is commonly used in hair conditioners and other hair products.

Cetylstearyl alcohol (CSA) is a popular emulsifier in cream bases.
Cetylstearyl alcohol contains both cetyl (C16) and Cetylstearyl alcohol (C18) alcohols
Cetylstearyl alcohol, Cetylstearyl alcohol or Cetylstearyl alcohol is a mixture of fatty alcohols, consisting predominantly of cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohols, and is classified as a fatty alcohol.
Cetylstearyl alcohol serves as providing consistency to cosmetic products.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a mixture of fatty alcohols that is easily biodegradable.


Other names: Cetylstearyl alcohol; Cetylstearyl alcohol; Cetyl/Cetylstearyl alcohol
Cetylstearyl alcohol is composed of Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetylstearyl alcohol. All of them are fatty alcohols (and therefore oil soluble). They are a great addition to conditioners and leave-in conditioners/ moisturizers.
The composition of Cetylstearyl alcohol varies from supplier to supplier. Cetylstearyl alcohol contains 30% or 50% or 70% Cetylstearyl alcohol and the rest is Cetylstearyl alcohol.

Emulsifying & Thickening
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a thickening agent and emulsifier derived from vegetable oils, e.g. palm oil or coconut oil. Cetylstearyl alcohol emulsifies better than of Cetylstearyl alcohol.
Keep in min the fact that, on their own, Cetylstearyl alcohol and a Cetylstearyl alcohol do not actually bind oils to water, however, once this combination has been made they prevent the fused molecules from separating.

Moisture & Conditioning
Cetylstearyl alcohol is oilier than most other alcohols giving it a moisturizing quality; this is why Cetylstearyl alcohol is also used in conditioners.
Cetylstearyl alcohol can make hair feel thicker and softer. This moisturizing quality especially makes Cetylstearyl alcohol useful in moisturizing shampoos.
In conditioners, Cetylstearyl alcohol helps in producing a creamy texture that makes the conditioner easy to spread throughout hair.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is used in skincare and cosmetic formulations to improve the texture and sensory feel of products.
Cetylstearyl alcohol also has the added benefit of helping to soften and soothe the skin.
Cetylstearyl alcohol, also referred to as Cetylstearyl alcohol, is a mixture of fatty alcohols, primarily cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohols.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is derived from palm oil and Cetylstearyl alcohol is derived from stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid.
Fatty alcohols are a hybrid between alcohols and fatty acids or oils.
There is often a misconception that because Cetylstearyl alcohol has alcohol in Cetylstearyl alcohols name that Cetylstearyl alcohol is drying to the skin.
The reality is actually the opposite. Cetylstearyl alcohol is a white, waxy solid, usually in a flake form.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and oils.

Cetylstearyl alcohol
A vegetable-derived fatty alcohol used to thicken and stabilise formulations.
Imparts a smooth, velvety feel to the skin.
Working well in both in water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions, Cetylstearyl alcohol is an effective emulsifier that also acts well as an emollient when added to cosmetic formulations geared towards skin care. This alcohol leaves skin feeling moisturised, conditioned and soft, making it excellent for facial washes, cleansers, lotions and creams. Cetylstearyl alcohol is a more mild and gentle form of Cetylstearyl alcohol, making it more appropriate for sensitive or problem skin care. Often added at the oil phase of a cosmetic formulation.

Uses for Cetylstearyl alcohol include (but are not limited to):
Soaps
Conditioners
Shampoos
Skin Care
Hair Care

INCI-Name: Cetylstearyl alcohol
Chemical characterization: Cetylstearyl alcohol (alcohols, C16 – C18)

Cetylstearyl alcohol is a chemical found in cosmetic products. It’s a white, waxy substance made from Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetylstearyl alcohol, both fatty alcohols. They’re found in animals and plants, like coconut and palm oil. They can also be made in a laboratory.
They are used in personal care products, mainly skin lotions, hair products, and creams. They help create smoother creams, thicker lotions, and more stable foam products.
Fatty alcohols are sometimes called long-chain alcohols because of their chemical formula. They usually have an even number of carbon atoms, with a single alcohol group (–OH) attached to the last carbon.

Cetylstearyl alcohol 50:50
Cetylstearyl alcohol
Ceto Cetylstearyl alcohol
Technical grade
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a white, waxy solid in flake form. It increases viscosity and is used as a stabiliser in conditioners, creams and lotions. Cetylstearyl alcohol is a vegetable derived blend of cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohol fatty alcohol. It is a very effective thickener that helps form extremely stable emulsions in water-in-oil and oil-in-water preparations. Cetylstearyl alcohol is used as a co-emulsifier and imparts moisturising feel and lubricity to the skin.
Cetyl sterayl alcohol is suitable for use in creams, ointments, lotions, hair conditioners, body scrubs, butters, balms etc.

Properties:
Synonyms: Cetylstearyl alcohol,Cetylstearyl alcohol, Cetylstearyl alcohol, Hexadecan-1-ol + Octadecan-1-ol, Hexadecanol + octadecanol, Hexadecyl alcohol + octadecyl alcohol,


Cetylstearyl alcohol
TYPE OF INGREDIENT: Emulsifier
MAIN BENEFITS: Stabilizes products, prevents separation, and thickens.

Cetylstearyl alcohol is a waxy substance that's derived naturally from plants, like palm oil or coconut oil, but can also be synthesized in a lab. Fusco says theoretically, Cetylstearyl alcohol could be used in any product that you apply to your skin or hair and is commonly found in creams, lotions, moisturizers, and shampoos. When used in cosmetic products, Cetylstearyl alcohol acts as an emulsifier and stabilizer and prevents products from separating. According to Shah, Cetylstearyl alcohol can also appear on a label under a few different names, for example, C16-18 alcohol or Cetylstearyl alcohol.
Benefits of Cetylstearyl alcohol for Skin?
Cetylstearyl alcohol is not an ingredient that’s used for Cetylstearyl alcohols actual effects on the skin but more so for the composition and function of the product as a whole, according to Shah.

Prevents separation of products: As an emulsifier, Cetylstearyl alcohol is predominantly used in products to stabilize them so that when you apply the formulas to your skin or hair, they don't separate and they apply cosmetically well.
Encourages even application: By keeping the product from separating, Cetylstearyl alcohol may help with the application of a product and as a result, the overall effectiveness of Cetylstearyl alcohol.


Thickens formulas:
Cetylstearyl alcohol is used as a thickening agent in products to enhance the texture and feel.
Softens the skin: Though this is not the primary reason for including Cetylstearyl alcohol in a product,
Cetylstearyl alcohol has a fatty component to it and is derived from oils, it does have an emollient property and may soften and smooth the skin.

Cetylstearyl alcohol is an emulsifier that thickens cosmetics products and makes them stable by holding water and oil together. It can also be used as a surfactant which foams and washes the hair and skin, and is known for its emollient properties.

Description
Most often, cosmetics products need to be extremely stable to have a long shelf life in order to be stored, handled, shipped etc. This is why emulsifiers, stabilisers and preservatives are often added in large quantities, which tends to create thick creams loaded with synthetic ingredients. At Lush, we like them to glide on seamlessly and feel lightweight on the skin. This makes the stability more fragile which is why they are best used as fresh as possible; but in exchange, the product can be filled with fresh flowers, fruits and other beneficial plants.

Cetylstearyl alcohol is a solid, waxy material derived from the fats of vegetable oils. It is a common emulsifier used in a vast array of cosmetics. Cosmetic creams and lotions are often composed of water and oil based ingredients, which are held together by substances called emulsifiers. Without emulsifiers, the formula would separate, causing oil droplets to float on top of the water.


Cetylstearyl alcohol
Categories: Texture Enhancer, Emollients

Cetylstearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is a mixture of gentle cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohols.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is used as an emollient, texture enhancer, foam stabilizer, and carrying agent for other ingredients.
Cetylstearyl alcohol can be derived naturally, as in coconut fatty alcohol, or made synthetically.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is almost always combined with similar-feeling ingredients to create a product’s texture and influence its slip when applied to skin.

Cosmetic products labeled "alcohol free" are allowed to contain Cetylstearyl alcohol, whose effects are quite different from skin-aggravating forms of alcohol. We repeat: fatty alcohols like Cetylstearyl alcohol do not pose a risk of sensitizing skin.

What is Cetylstearyl alcohol?
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a favorite fatty alcohol of many formulators due to its versatility, dry but emollient feel, and the luxurious thickness it imparts.

Cetylstearyl alcohol is a combination of two other fatty alcohols, namely Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetylstearyl alcohol (or Stearic acid)—thus the name Cetearyl. Both are vegetable-derived and very unlike the simple alcohols familiar at the bar in cocktails. Instead, fatty alcohols are light, non-greasy emollients and create a dry, powdery finish with a fluffy texture. They help stabilize emulsions and this results in a slightly thicker product


How Cetylstearyl alcohol Works in Skin Care
The functions of Cetylstearyl alcohol in skin care are wide-ranging and include emollient, emulsifier, emulsion stabilizer, foam busting, opacifying, as a surfactant, and to control viscosity (mainly to thicken). Cetylstearyl alcohol is found in numerous moisturizing skin and hair care products, including creams, lotions, conditioners, and anhydrous products such as body scrubs. For more on emulsifiers, check out this article.

When on the skin in lotions, Cetylstearyl alcohol boosts softness and minimizes stickiness that can come from other ingredients.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is technically a liquid crystal emulsifier (though Cetylstearyl alcohol does not form crystals in products), and this helps Cetylstearyl alcohol mimic skin layers for better absorption, holding water on the skin longer.



How to Use Cetylstearyl alcohol in Cosmetics
Presenting as white to off-white flakes, this oil soluble ingredient usage rates depend on the product.
Although acceptable at 0.5 to 10%, Cetylstearyl alcohol is typically used at <1.5% in facial emulsions—higher percentages can feel too hydrating, as if you are almost sweating. In creams and lotions it is used at 1%-3%.

When adding Cetylstearyl alcohol, heat to 54C (129F), to add to melt/oil phase.


Oil-in-water emulsions used in many pharmaceutical creams are not stabilized by the surfactant mechanical properties but rather stabilized by forming a gel network consisting of the structure-forming agents such as Cetylstearyl alcohol, Cetylstearyl alcohol, Cetylstearyl alcohol, etc.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is the combination of Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetylstearyl alcohol.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a crystalline bilayer/lamellae arrangement with attached surface molecules into the layer facing the hydrophilic portion of surfactants toward interlamellar space.
This hydrophilic portion arrests water drainage from the interlamellar space, which in turn produces a gel that has the capacity to retain large volumes of water within the structure.
In these emulsions (o/w) the oil phase is neither required for the delivery of water-soluble drugs nor for the gel formation but acts as a reservoir for the Cetylstearyl alcohol and is responsible for sensory characteristics of the formulation such as opacity.
Cetylstearyl alcohol and a hydrophilic surfactant are the primary structure-forming excipients used in semisolid dosage form, hence it is necessary to check for the followings
(1) the interactions and crystalline phase transition between them as it can change the semisolid nature of the dosage form (cream, gel, ointment, suppository),
(2) physical properties,
(3) drug release, and
(4) pharmaceutical elegance (Narang and Boddu, 2015).

Cetylstearyl alcohol (Cetearyl) is a blend of cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohol fatty alcohols, and is used as to add viscosity and and as a stabiliser in creams and lotions.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is also used as a co-emulsifier and imparts emollient feel and lubricity to the skin.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is suitable for us in Creams, Lotions, Balms, Body Butters, Anhydrous Scrubs and Solid Conditioning Bars.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is highly compatible with Conditioning Emulsifier and Veg-Emulse, but can be used with all our emulsifiers.

Usage Range: 1 - 25%
HLB: 15.5

Cetylstearyl alcohol has many functions in cosmetics and skincare products, including use as an emollient, emulsion stabilizer, surfactant, opacifying agent, and a viscosity-increasing agent.

Emollient
Cetylstearyl alcohol is an emollient, helping to improve spreadability, texture and provide the skin with a light protective barrier.
Emollients are occlusive ingredients, which provide a layer of protection that helps prevent water loss from the skin.
Thus, Cetylstearyl alcohol has the ability to soften and smooth the skin, which helps to reduce rough, flaky skin.
Additionally, Cetylstearyl alcohol is commonly used in hair conditioners and other hair products due to its emollient properties.

Emulsify
Another function of Cetylstearyl alcohol is as an emulsifier. An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil components.
Oil and water-based ingredients don’t stay mixed in a formulation, separating and splitting after time.
To address this problem, an emulsifier like Cetylstearyl alcohol can be added to help the two-ingredient types to remain dispersed and produce a stable emulsion.

Surfactant
Cetylstearyl alcohol also functions as a surfactant. Surfactants are ingredients that lower the surface tension between two substances, such as two liquids or a liquid and a solid.
Another job of surfactants is to degrease and emulsify oils and fats and suspend dirt, allowing them to be washed away.
This is possible because while one end of the surfactant molecule is attracted to water, the other end is attracted to oil.
Thus, surfactants attract the oil, dirt, and other impurities that have accumulated on your skin during the day and wash them away.
Due to these properties, Cetylstearyl alcohol can be found in many different cleansers and body washes.
Cetylstearyl alcohol also increases the foaming capacity of products.

Thickener
The last important function of Cetylstearyl alcohol is as a viscosity-increasing agent. The term viscosity refers to the thickness of a formulation. As a viscosity-increasing agent, Cetylstearyl alcohol works to thicken formulations in order to make a product less runny and easier to spread.


Cetylstearyl alcohol
CAS number: 67762-27-0 / 8005-44-5 - Ceteayl alcohol

Origin(s): Vegetal, Synthetic
Other languages: Alcohol cetearílico, Alcool cetearilico, Alcool cétéarylique, Cetearylalkohol
INCI name: Cetylstearyl alcohol
EINECS/ELINCS number: 267-008-6 / -
Comedogenic potential (pc): 2
Classification: Fatty alcohol
Bio-compatible (COSMOS Reference)
NAMELYCetylstearyl alcohol belongs to the family of fatty alcohols. It is used as emollient. It helps to thicken the creams and stabilize them. It softens and protects the skin without oily effect. Cetylstearyl alcohol contains mainly Cetylstearyl alcohol (Cetylstearyl alcohol) and Cetylstearyl alcohol (Cetylstearyl alcohol). It is authorized in organic.

The CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) in an annual report published in 2008, concluded the safety of fatty alcohols.
Cetylstearyl alcohols functions (INCI)
Emollient : Softens and softens the skin
Emulsifying : Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
Emulsion stabilising : Promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion
Foam boosting : Improves the quality of the foam produced by a system by increasing one or more of the following properties: volume, texture and/or stability
Opacifying : Reduces transparency or translucency of cosmetics
Surfactant : Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used
Viscosity controlling : Increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics


Other names: Cetylstearyl alcohol, Cetylstearyl alcohol
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a multi-purpose, vegetable-derived blend of cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohol fatty alcohol that is commonly used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in skincare formulations. It comes in a waxy, white solid substance that can be melted for various purposes.
As an emulsifier, Cetylstearyl alcohol keeps the oil and water from separating, thus allowing them to mix whilst as a thickener, Cetylstearyl alcohol helps to change the viscosity, add shape, and increase a product’s foaming capacity such as in lotions and shampoos.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is not actually an 'alcohol', like the ethyl alcohol that we know to be drying on the skin but is in fact a conditioner that helps to soften skin and hair.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is not a liquid that most people can initially think of, rather it is a mixture of pastilles and irregular, waxy flakes.

Consequently, Cetylstearyl alcohol has become a valuable addition to a multitude of applications including commercial and homemade moisturisers, shampoo/conditioner, and facial cleansers.
In moisturisers, the emollient properties found in this product help build an oily layer that traps water molecules in the skin.
As Cetylstearyl alcohol is known, dry skin can be caused by low air moisture, irregular weather changes, and more.
This makes the skin to appear dull and less radiant. With Cetylstearyl alcohol in your homemade products, you can be confident that not only your skin will reap all the beauty benefits but is also safe from the damaging effects of mass-produced cosmetic products.

Most people tend to confuse Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetylstearyl alcohol.
To break this down, both alcohols may come from fat and may be used as a thickener and emulsifier, however, what sets them apart is that Cetylstearyl alcohol provides more enhanced viscosity-forming effects and provides a better penetration with other ingredients in the formulation.
Cetylstearyl alcohol has more benefits but is more priced so Cetylstearyl alcohol offers a cheaper alternative for applications that do not require the rigour.
When storing this product, Cetylstearyl alcohol is important to keep Cetylstearyl alcohol in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry location.
Temperatures over 32 degrees Celsius may cause the wax to coagulate.
CAUTION: Do not mix Cetylstearyl alcohol with other ingredients containing ceteareth-20 as it may promote the formation of blackheads.

USES OF Cetylstearyl alcohol IN SKIN CARE
Moisturisers
Facial creams
Body lotions
Sunscreens
Homemade shampoos
Hair conditioners
Leave-on hair mask
Homemade hair dye

Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetearyl Glucoside
You will often see Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetearyl glucoside bundled together—we sell this combination too—because they make a great self-emulsifying lotion or cream with a luxurious feel.

Cetearyl Glucoside is derived from starch, and on its own is emulsifying and a surfactant. It forms low-viscosity emulsions and is ideal in gel-creams and lotions, also leaving skin hydrated but not oily.
When used together, Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetearyl glucoside are used at 3%-6% in emulsions for rich emollient creams and lotions. They work well with sensitive skin and you can get the combination here.



There are many applications for Cetylstearyl alcohol and although the name may put some people off, the chemistry highlights what a wonderful hydrating, light, and easy-to-use ingredient it is.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is vegetable-derived fatty alcohol used as an emollient and thickening agent in skin creams and lotions.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is perfect for use in Baby Care products like Shampoo and skincare products due to its non-sensitizing properties.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a blend of Vegetable derived cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohol fatty alcohols

CAS No. 885-55-5, 67762-27-0

Cetylstearyl alcohol is a vegetable sourced fatty alcohol derived from sustainable palm and coconut oil fatty alcohols (cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohol) used to thicken and stabilize formulations. Cetylstearyl alcohol imparts an emollient feel to the skin. It can be used in water-in-oil emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, and anhydrous formulations--cream, lotion, ointment, body butter, salt scrubs.

Cetylstearyl alcohol

Product Description
Emulsion stabiliser, co-emulsifier and viscosity increasing agent that provides an emollient skin feel. Recommended topical usage levels of 2-30%.


Cetylstearyl alcohol is a flaky, waxy, white solid that is a combination of cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohols, which occur naturally in plants and animals. Cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohols are often derived from coconut, palm, corn, or soy vegetable oil, typically from coconut palm trees, palm trees, corn plants, or soy plants. Cetylstearyl alcohol is used in hundreds of personal care, cosmetic, and household products, such as makeup, bath soap, detergents, shaving cream, moisturizer, shampoo, and other products.

What Does Cetylstearyl alcohol Do in Our products?
Cetylstearyl alcohol acts as a moisturizer in our products by helping bind moisture to the skin. It is a fatty alcohol and can also act as an emulsifier, giving proper texture to our products. In addition, it can be an emollient, keep things from separating, control how thick or runny a product is, act as a coupling agent, and even stabilize foams. It doesn’t dissolve in water, but it dissolves in alcohol and oils.

Why Puracy Uses Cetylstearyl alcohol
We use Cetylstearyl alcohol in our products as a moisturizer. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review has deemed Cetylstearyl alcohol safe in cosmetic ingredients. Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards. At least one study also shows Cetylstearyl alcohol does not irritate eyes or sensitize human skin.

How Cetylstearyl alcohol Is Made
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a combination of cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohols. Cetylstearyl alcohol is manufactured by transesterification and distillation of coconut or palm kernel oil using a methanol and a zinc catalyst, followed by hydrogenating the resulting methyl esters using a copper catalyst. The catalysts are removed during the fractional distillation phases, so there are little or no metals in the final product. Cetylstearyl alcohol is manufactured by reducing ethyl palmitate (the waxy ester of palmitic acid) with metallic sodium and alcohol or under acidic conditions with lithium aluminum hydride as a catalyst. The final product melts at a temperature higher than that of the human body, which makes it useful for makeup and other things that are warmed by the skin.

Cetylstearyl alcohol (CH3(CH2)nOH) is a mixture of cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohols that can come from vegetable or synthetic sources. It is classified as a fatty alcohol. Cetylstearyl alcohol is a white, waxy, solid material in the form of flakes. It is oil soluble, but it is not water-soluble. In the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry, Cetylstearyl alcohol functions as an emulsion stabilizer; opacifying agent; surfactant - foam booster; and viscosity increasing agent. It is often used in creams and lotions. It has a melting point of 122°F (50°C) and a boiling point: 480.2°F (249°C).


Cetylstearyl alcohol Flakes

As Cetylstearyl alcohol is milder than Cetylstearyl alcohol, Cetylstearyl alcohol can be used in Baby care and skin sensitive products. You can also add Cetylstearyl alcohol at up to 25% to Vegetable Waxes in Candles to reduce the effects of frosting.

Cetylstearyl alcohol, Cetylstearyl alcohol AND Cetylstearyl alcohol

What is the difference between cetyl, Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetylstearyl alcohol
Cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohol are very similar. Cetylstearyl alcohol is a slightly longer version of Cetylstearyl alcohol having two additional carbons (i.e Cetyl has 16 carbons while Cetylstearyl alcohol has 18). Cetylstearyl alcohol is simply a combination of cetyl and Cetylstearyl alcohol (did you guess from the name?).


Cetylstearyl alcohol, a/k/a Cetylstearyl alcohol, is a plant based product usually extracted from coconut oil.
The vendor has provided the following information to assist customers who are confused about Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetylstearyl alcohol.
There will be slight differences between the two. Cetylstearyl alcohol and Cetylstearyl alcohol are the two major components of Cetylstearyl alcohol.
These ingredients are all fatty alcohols and are widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, especially in skin lotions and creams.
Cetylstearyl alcohol helps to form a protective barrier on the skin so water cannot evaporate, thus locking in the moisture.
– Cetylstearyl alcohol: emollient
– Cetylstearyl alcohol: emollient, emulsifier
RE: INCI. Cetylstearyl alcohol
most common INCI is Cetylstearyl alcohol, but Cetylstearyl alcohol may also be used as the INCI.


Uses:
Skin Care Products / Cosmetics
Antiperspirants / Deodorants
Hair sprays, gels, tonics and lotions
Moisturizers
Make-ups
Soaps / Cleansers
Shampoos / Conditioners
Sunscreens and Self-Tanners
Defoamers
Detergent / Surfactant
Fragrances
Liquid solar blanket in swimming pools
Lubricants
Solubilizers
Textile oils and finishes
Wetting agents

Cetylstearyl alcohol is a long-chain fatty alcohol with 16 carbon atoms.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is also known as 1-hexadecanol, hexadecyl alcohol and, in its unsaturated form, palmityl alcohol.
Cetylstearyl alcohol has many potential uses, including as an opacifier, emollient, emulsifier or thickening agent.

CAS No. 36653-82-4


Cetylstearyl alcohol /ˈsiːtəl/, also known as hexadecan-1-ol and palmityl alcohol, is a C-16 fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)15OH.
At room temperature, Cetylstearyl alcohol takes the form of a waxy white solid or flakes.
The name cetyl derives from the whale oil (cetacea oil, from Latin: cetus, lit. 'whale', from Ancient Greek: κῆτος, romanized: kētos, lit. 'huge fish') from which it was first isolated.

Cetylstearyl alcohol , also known as hexadecan-1-ol and palmityl alcohol, is a C-16 fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)15OH.
Cetylstearyl alcohol is a saturated linear chain Cetylstearyl alcohol that can enhance the stability and texture of creams and lotions. In doing so, they present a smooth, dense appearance to these formulations and improve their feel on the skin. It is a mild, non-toxic and non-irritating waxy material with a typical sweet odor. It is light resistant and stable in the presence of acids or alkali, as well as stable to oxidation.
Cetylstearyl alcohol helps thicken and add texture to cosmetic products, such as creams and lotions where it increases thickness, emulsifies and improves both feel and application.


Cetylstearyl alcohol is used to thicken and texture lotions and creams in cosmetics formulations.
Cetylstearyl alcohol provides cosmetics products with consistency and serves as an emulsifier. Cetylstearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol that is well tolerated while having smoothing and non-oily components in emulsions and hair care products. It can also improve the absorption factor of emulsions.

Cetylstearyl alcohol is classified as :
Emollient
Emulsifying
Emulsion stabilising
Foam boosting
Masking
Opacifying
Surfactant
Viscosity controlling


Cetylstearyl alcohol functions as Emollient, Emulsion stabiliser, Stability enhancer,Thickener and as Viscosity builder in cosmetic products.

Chemical Name: Hexadecyl Alcohol or 1-Hexadecanol or Palmityl Alcohol
CAS#: 36653-82-4


Cetylstearyl alcohol is a strong thickener without the weight and tack of waxes. At 1–4% it offers beautiful body and silkiness to lotions and conditioners, and I love it as a thickener in cosmetics where we can have thickening without the drag or tack of wax.


CAS Number: 36653-82-4
EINECS/ELINCS No: 253-149-0
COSING REF No: 32596
INN Name: Cetylstearyl alcohol
PHARMACEUTICAL EUROPEAN NAME: alcohol cetylicus
Chem/IUPAC Name: Hexadecan-1-ol

Description: All-purpose thickening alcohol (1-hexadecanol, hexadecyl or palmityl alcohol), derived from vegetable oils, > 95%, composed of fatty alcohols. White flakes, no or faint odor. Soluble in diethyl ether & acetone, slightly soluble in alcohol. Insoluble in cold water. Partially solubility in hot water (1.34x10-5 g/l).
CAS: 36653-82-4
INCI Name: Cetylstearyl alcohol
Benefits:

Cetylstearyl alcohol is Non-gelling thickener and viscosity enhancer (also in water-free products like lipsticks)
Cetylstearyl alcohol has co-emulsifying properties if concentration is higher than 5 %
Cetylstearyl alcohol has mild emollient and moisturizing properties
Cetylstearyl alcohol can boost foam when together with surfactants

Use: Add to hot oil phase to melt for proper use (54°C/129°F), usual concentration 0.5-6%. For external use only.

Applications: Lotions, creams, hair shampoos, hair conditioners, body washes, makeup products.

Raw material source: Palm kernel oil (RSPO certified)
Manufacture: Cetylstearyl alcohol is made by catalytic hydrogenation of the triglycerides obtained from palm kernel oil and followed by oxidation of a chain growth product of ethylene oligomerized on a triethylaluminum catalyst.

Cetylstearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol used as an emulsion stabiliser and opacifier, adding body and viscosity to creams and lotions, and improving texture and feel with its characteristic velvety texture. It imparts emollient properties to formulations due to its

1-Octadecanol, mixed with 1-hexadecanol; Cetostearyl alcohol cas no : 8038-54-8

CHITOSAN, N° CAS : 9012-76-4, Nom INCI : CHITOSAN. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles, Agent de fixation capillaire : Permet de contrôler le style du cheveu

Juglans regia extract; juglans nigra; black walnut cas no:84012-43-1

WALNUT SHELL; juglans mandshurica shell powder; extract of the shells of walnut, juglans mandshurica, juglandaceae; walnut shell powder; juglans regia shell powder CAS NO:84012-43-1

CHAMOMILE EXTRACT chamomile extract (Anthemis nobilis; Matricaria chamomilla) is has clinically proven anti-inflammatory and repairer properties. It is also considered bactericidal, anti-itching, soothing, antiseptic, purifying, refreshing, and hypoallergenic with the ability to neutralize skin irritants. There are various forms of chamomile extract, including Roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) and german chamomile extract (Matricaria chamomilla). german chamomile extract tends to be more potent than Roman because of its higher azulene content. Active constituents include azulene, bisabolol, and phytosterol. The chamomile extract plant is aromatic, and its flower heads are used to obtain aqueous-alcoholic extracts and the blue chamomile oil. Chamomile extract is considered a non-comedogenic raw material and can be particularly useful in aftershaves and eye treatment preparations, as well as in products for dry skin. Description: Chamomile extract 20% in a base of glycerin & water. Preserved with phenoxyethanol. Light to medium amber liquid, mild characteristic odor. Water soluble. CAS: 56-81-5, 7732-18-5, 84082-60-0, 122-99-6 INCI Name: Glycerin, water, Chamomille Recutita (matricaria) flower extract Benefits: Contains active ingredients including bisabolol, bisabolol oxides A and B, and matricin as well as flavonoids (particularly apigenin) Well known for its soothing and calming properties Provides sheen to the hair and highlights blond hair Use: Add to formulas to the water phase. Typical use level 5 - 100%. For external use only. Applications: Creams, lotions, masks, cleansers, shampoos, conditioners, makeup. Raw material source: Chamomille Recutita (matricaria), glycerin made of naturally derived oils Manufacture: Prepared via a cold process to avoid potential loss of effectiveness heat processing can have. Created from organically grown, pesticide-free materials which are extracted first with a specified eluant to yield a concentrate. This concentrate is then dissolved in glycerin and water at a concentration of 20 % concentrate and 80% diluents. Chamomile Extract contains active Flavonoid and Essential Oil compounds, which are particularly advantageous in the care of sensitive skin. Anti-inflammatory properties-due to the inhibition of histamine release, anti-free radical action and inhibition of the super oxide radical synthesis is key. In addition, these compounds show remarkable vasodilator action, augmenting blood flow to the skin and soothing of irritation. Our Chamomile Extract is a standardized extract of the flowers of Matricaria Recutita L. obtained in a 50:50 medium of glycerin and water. Cosmetic Applications: Skin Care as tonic for sensitive and irritated skin Body Care for tired legs and sensitive skin Body Care in sun protector products and after-sun soothing products Hair Care in repairing products for blond hair and scalp soothing products The raw material is certified by ECOCERT Greenlife according to the COSMOS Standard. This is a cosmetic raw material and is meant for external use only in cosmetic formulations. As with all of our materials, it should not be taken internally. INCI: Glycerin (and) Water (and) Matricaria Recutita Flower Extract Statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat and cure or prevent disease. Always consult with your professional skin care provider. CHAMOMILE EXTRACT Chamomile Extract Benefits Chamomile extract is a common name shared between multiple plants in the Asteraceae family. Two species of chamomile extract are primarily used to make herbal infusions and aid in medical purposes: German chamomile extract (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile extract (Chamaemelum nobile). One of the most popular ways to enjoy the healing effects of chamomile extract is by brewing herbal-infused tea. However, with chamomile extract gaining in popularity, this gentle herb is frequently featured in a variety of beauty products. Learn more about the natural benefits of this effective ingredient at Ayr Skin Care. Chamomile Extract Benefits Due to its powerful healing properties, chamomile extract benefits include relaxation, calmer nervous system, and better digestive health when drunk as a tea. When the botanical extract is infused into topical ointments, creams, and skincare products, chamomile extract benefits include soothing skin affected by conditions including eczema, psoriasis, and chickenpox. Chamomile extract has anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antibacterial, and antiseptic properties, which promote healing for minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. Chamomile extract is also hypoallergenic and packed with antioxidants, which helps reduce acne breakouts and inflammation. How to Use Chamomile extract If you want to make use of these powerful chamomile extract benefits, here are a few insightful ways to work chamomile extract in your daily regimen: Start the day or end the day with a soothing cup of chamomile extract. Invest in a chamomile extract -infused cleanser or moisturizer. Transform your bath water with chamomile-infused bath salts, or a few drops of chamomile extract essential oil. Chamomile extract Benefits At Ayr Skin Care, our goal is to provide our customers with handcrafted beauty products — made from high-quality natural and organic ingredients. We never use cheap fillers, synthetic fragrances, or dyes, and we purposefully concentrate our products so you can use less while still experiencing radiant results. Chamomile extract (Matricaria recuita) is a flowering plant in the daisy (Asteraceae) family. Native to Europe and Western Asia, it's now found around the world. The herb smells slightly like an apple, which may explain its name—chamomile extract is Greek for Earth apple. There are two different chamomile plants: German chamomile extract and Roman chamomile extract. German chamomile extract, which is considered the more potent variety and the type most widely used for medicinal purposes, is the plant discussed here. Also Known As Matricaria recutita Chamomilla extract recutita German chamomile extract Hungarian chamomile extract True chamomile extract Chamomile extract has been used as an herbal remedy since the time of Hippocrates, the father of medicine, in 500 BC. The list of conditions for which it's been used is extensive. It includes fever, headaches, kidney, liver, and bladder problems, digestive upset, muscle spasms, anxiety, insomnia, skin irritations, bruises, gout, ulcers, rheumatic pain, hay fever, inflammation, hemorrhoids, colic, and menstrual disorders. The generic name, Matricaria, comes from the Latin matrix, meaning womb, because chamomile extract was used historically to treat disorders of the female reproductive system. Germans refer to chamomile extract as alles zutraut, meaning capable of anything. Indeed, chamomile extract was considered such a panacea or cure-all that one writer described it as "the medical duct tape of the pre-MacGyver days." In modern times, chamomile extract is mostly taken orally to help with insomnia, anxiety, and digestive upsets, though it's also being investigated as a possible treatment for diabetes. It's also used topically to quell skin conditions and to help with wound healing. The research, however, isn't strong for any of these purported benefits because chamomile extract hasn't been well studied in people. Some of the purported benefits of chamomile extract likely stem from the fact that the essential oil and flower extracts derived from chamomile extract contain more than 120 chemical constituents, many of which are pharmacologically active. They include chamazulene (an anti-inflammatory), bisabolol (an oil with anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties), apigenin (a phytonutrient that acts as a strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral), and luteolin (a phytonutrient with potential anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity). Whether as a result of these compounds or others, research shows chamomile extract possesses properties that can help ease inflammation, spasms, and flatulence, promote calm and sleep, and protect against the bacteria that cause stomach ulcers. Health Benefits Chamomile extract may be best known as a sleep aid, but the strongest evidence for the herb suggests it might be helpful for anxiety. Here's a look at current evidence. Insomnia Chamomile extract is one of the most widely used alternative therapies for promoting sleep and treating insomnia. However, despite its reputation as an herb that facilitates sleep, there's little solid research supporting its effectiveness. Interestingly, despite the fact that it approved the use of chamomile extract flower preparations for a host of other purposes—including gastrointestinal spasms and bacterial skin diseases—in 1984, Commission E, Germany's counterpart to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, did not grant approval for it as a sleep aid due to the lack of published research in this area. The few human studies that have been conducted are small, have design flaws (for instance, no control group), and show mixed results. For instance, in a 2011 study, 17 people with insomnia took 270 milligrams of chamomile extract twice daily (an amount that could only be achieved in a concentrated extract, not a tea) for a month and also kept a sleep diary. When researchers compared their diaries to those who took a placebo, they found no significant difference in how fast patients fell asleep or how much sleep they got. In contrast, a 2017 study of 77 older people in nursing homes found a significant improvement in sleep quality when participants were given 400-milligram capsules of chamomile extract twice a day for four weeks, compared to those who didn't receive any treatment. Similarly, when researchers in a 2016 study randomized 40 women who had just given birth to drinking one cup of chamomile extract tea a day for two weeks, they scored significantly lower compared to a control group that didn't drink the tea when it came to both sleep problems and symptoms of depression. However, the improvement went away four weeks after the women stopped drinking the tea, suggesting the positive effects of chamomile extract are limited to the short term. As for how chamomile extract might help induce slumber, animal research suggests it has both sedative and anti-anxiety effects. One study reported that apigenin, a component of chamomile extract, binds at the same receptor sites in the brain as benzodiazepines like Valium. Another study showed that chamomile extract at a dose of 300 milligrams caused a significant shortening in how long it took rats to fall asleep, while other research in mice demonstrated that chamomile extract can significantly prolong the sleeping time induced by sleep-inducing drugs like barbiturates. Anxiety Research has shown chamomile extract to have meaningful benefits when it comes to reducing anxiety and the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, which rates the effectiveness of natural remedies based on scientific evidence, says chamomile extract is possibly effective for anxiety. The first controlled clinical trial of chamomile extract in 2009 found it may have a modest anti-anxiety effect in people with mild-to-moderate general anxiety disorder, one of the most common anxiety disorders. Participants took 200 milligrams to 1,100 milligrams of chamomile extract a day for eight weeks. A 2016 study found that taking 500 milligrams of chamomile extract three times a day for 12 weeks significantly reduced moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, one of the most common anxiety disorders. In addition to soothing anxiety, research shows chamomile extract may also have antidepressant effects as well. Digestive Issues Preliminary studies suggest that chamomile extract inhibits Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria that can contribute to stomach ulcers. Chamomile extract is believed to be helpful in reducing smooth muscle spasms associated with various gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, though research is needed to confirm that use. An animal study from 2014 showed that chamomile extracts have strong antidiarrheal and antioxidant properties when given to rats in a dose-dependent manner against castor oil-induced diarrhea and intestinal fluid accumulation. A 2015 study on more than 1,000 patients with acute diarrhea found that a commmercial product containing a combination of myrrh, coffee charcoal, and chamomile extract flower extract is well tolerated, safe, and as effective as conventional therapies. Wound Healing Topically applied chamomile extract may be able to speed wound healing. Studies show that substances in chamomile extract can kill viruses and bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, the cause of staph infections, reduce inflammation, and prevent and treat the growth of ulcers. One preliminary study that compared chamomile extract and corticosteroids for treating ulcers in test tubes and animals concluded that chamomile extract promotes faster wound healing: Animals treated with chamomile extract exhibited complete wound healing nine days before animals treated with corticosteroids. Chamomile extract helped heal wounds in humans as well. In one small study that investigated the efficacy of a combination of lavender and chamomile extract essential oil on patients with chronic leg ulcers, researchers reported that four of the five patients in the chamomile extract and lavender oil group had complete healing of the wounds with the fifth patient making progress towards a recovery. Chamomile extract also proved superior to applying one percent hydrocortisone ointment in healing skin lesions after a surgical procedure in another study. Wounds treated by applying a chamomile extract compress for an hour once a day healed five to six days faster than those treated with hydrocortisone once a day. Still, more studies are needed. Eczema Chamomile extract is often used to treat mild skin irritations, including sunburn, rashes, sores, and even eye inflammations, but its value in treating these conditions needs more research. Topical applications of chamomile extract have been shown to be moderately effective in the treatment of eczema. In one partially double-blind trial carried out as a half-side comparison, a commercial chamomile extract cream showed a mild superiority towards a low-dose .5 percent hydrocortisone and a marginal difference compared to the placebo. Diabetes Some studies have found that chamomile extract tea can lower blood sugar in people with diabetes. In one study, 64 participants that consumed chamomile extract tea three times a day after meals for eight weeks saw a statistically significant decrease in markers for diabetes as well as total cholesterol compared to people who drank water. It also exhibited some anti-obesity activity. While chamomile extract may be a helpful supplement to existing treatments, researchers noted that larger and longer studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of chamomile extract in managing diabetes. Oral Health Some preliminary studies that evaluated the efficacy of chamomile extract mouthwash found that it significantly reduced gingivitis and plaque in comparison to controls, probably because of its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Selection and Preparation The flowering tops of the chamomile extract plant are used to make teas, liquid extracts, capsules, or tablets. The herb can also be applied to the skin as a cream or an ointment, or used as a mouth rinse. To make tea, steep one heaping teaspoon of chamomile extract flowers in two-thirds of a cup of boiling water for five to 10 minutes before straining. You can also buy commercial teas. Chamomile extract is also available in capsules. As a gargle or mouth rinse, prepare as a tea, then let it cool. Gargle as often as desired. You may also make an oral rinse with 10 to 15 drops of German chamomile extract liquid extract (aka tincture) in 100 milliliters of warm water. There is no standard dosage of chamomile extract. Dosages used in studies vary. For instance, capsules containing 220 to 1100 milligrams of German chamomile extract have been taken daily for eight weeks to help alleviate anxiety. Possible Side Effects Chamomile extract is part of the same plant family as ragweed and chrysanthemum, so people with allergies to these plants may react—sometimes severely—when they use chamomile extract either internally or topically. Though reactions are reportedly more common with Roman chamomile extract, call your doctor if you experience vomiting, skin irritation, or allergic reactions (chest tightness, wheezing, hives, rash, itching) after chamomile extract use. Contraindications Chamomile extract contains coumarin, a naturally-occurring compound with anticoagulant or blood-thinning effects. It should not be combined with Coumadin (warfarin) or other medications or supplements that have the same effect or be used by people with bleeding disorders without a doctor's supervision. An isolated case has been reported of a 70-year-old woman who developed severe internal bleeding after drinking four to five cups of chamomile extract tea for a sore throat and using a chamomile-based skin lotion four to five times a day. The woman was being treated with the drug warfarin for a heart condition. It’s believed that the chamomile extract tea (and possibly the lotion) acted synergistically with the warfarin to cause bleeding. Due to concerns about bleeding, chamomile extract shouldn't be used two weeks before or after surgery. German chamomile extract might act like estrogen in the body. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, including hormone-sensitive conditions like breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids, don't use it without consulting your doctor. Keep in mind that chamomile extract in any form should be used it as a supplement to, and not a replacement for, your usual medication regimen. Talk to your health care providers before taking chamomile extract if you’re taking any type of medicine. Giving them a full picture of what you do to manage your health will help to ensure coordinated and safe care. Considered to be one of the most ancient and versatile medicinal herbs known to mankind, dried chamomile extract flowers have numerous, widespread health implications thanks to their high levels of disease-fighting antioxidants like terpenoids and flavonoids. Chamomile extract vital antioxidants are found in the plant’s potent oils and are the main contributors to its natural healing properties. As an effective alternative medicine with almost no known negative side effects, chamomile extract has been used for nearly 5,000 years in standardized tea, herbal extract and cosmetic forms to promote tranquility, vitality, a youthful appearance and longevity. What Is Chamomile extract? Chamomile extract plants are a member of the Asteraceae/Compositae family. There are two common types of chamomile extract used medicinally today: German chamomile extract (chamomillarecutita) and Roman chamomile extract (chamaemelumnobile). The chamomile extract plant is native to Western Europe and Northern Africa, but these days it’s grown all around the world in different temperate regions. Records show that chamomile extract benefits have been recognized for centuries, with the herb being used both medicinally and cosmetically. Germans have used chamomile extract to resolve digestive issues since at least the first century, and records show that Egyptians worshipped the plant and dedicated festivals to its healing properties. Egyptian noblewomen were known to crush chamomile extract flowers and apply them to their skin to preserve their youthful glow and naturally slow signs of aging. Romans used chamomile extract as a medicinal herb to fight disease and promote longevity. Its healing qualities spread throughout Europe and eventually the British brought chamomile extract plants to North America. Doctors throughout Europe and in the early settlements of America included chamomile extract in their medicinal bags because it was able to reduce pain, inflammation, allergies and digestive issues. People also used it as a natural deodorant, shampoo and perfume. Today, chamomile extract tea and herbal extracts are sold worldwide for human consumption. One cup of chamomile extract tea has two calories, two milligrams of sodium and no cholesterol. Chamomile extract is commonly used for improving many different health conditions, including: anxiety and depression seasonal allergies inflammatory conditions muscle spasms PMS symptoms and other menstrual disorders insomnia skin disorders ulcers wounds gastrointestinal disorders arthritis symptoms and rheumatic pain hemorrhoids How can one herb do so much? Chamomile extract benefits our health by soothing the body, relieving mild pain, fighting skin irritations and helping to ease anxiety. Research also shows that drinking chamomile extract tea can help to improve sleep quality and fatigue, and even alleviate depression. The list of ways that chamomile extract can be used is surprisingly long. Drinking chamomile extract tea is the most popular way to use this powerful herb. You can also diffuse chamomile extract essential oil at home, use the oil to soothe skin conditions. Chamomile extract extracts are also available and used to relieve digestive issues and promote liver detoxification. Related: Linden Tea Benefits for the Body and Mind Chamomile extract Benefits 1. High Source of Antioxidants The main antioxidant components extracted from chamomile extract flowers are the terpenoid group of antioxidants, including chamazulene and acetylene derivatives. Because these delicate compounds are unstable, they’re thought to be best preserved in an alcoholic tincture or “essential oil” form. Other major constituents of the flowers include several phenolic compounds, primarily the flavonoids, including apigenin, quercetin, patuletin as well as various glucosides. These compounds help to reduce inflammation by fighting free radical damage and preventing cell mutation. Chamomile extract benefits start with antioxidants that are associated with better immune function, lower rates of mood disorders, reduced pain and swelling, and healthier skin, hair, nails, teeth and eyes. 2. Fights Anxiety and Depression Chamomile extract, whether in tea, tincture or essential oil form, is one the best medicinal herbs for fighting stress and promoting relaxation, according to research from Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine and Pharmacognosy Review. Inhaling chamomile extract vapors using chamomile oil is often recommended as a natural remedy for depression and general anxiety, which is one reason why chamomile oil is a popular ingredient in many candles, aromatherapy products and bath-soaking treatments. In extract form, chamomile extract is frequently used as a mild sedative to calm nerves and reduce anxiety because its vapors travel directly to the olfactory part of the brain, turning off tension and reducing the body’s stress response. This is why practitioners use chamomile extract to effectively relieve symptoms of chronic anxiety and stress, including hysteria, nightmares, insomnia and various digestive problems. Smells are carried directly to the brain, and they serve as an emotional trigger. The limbic system evaluates the sensory stimuli, registering pleasure, pain, danger or safety; this then directs our emotional response, such as feelings of fear, anger and attraction. Our basic emotions and hormonal balance are in response to the most basic smell. Scents are a direct pathway to memory and emotion. Fragrances, like chamomile extract, relieve pain and generally affect personality and behavior. Research proves that using oil fragrances is one of the fastest ways to achieve psychological results. 3. Improves Digestion Believed to be a powerful digestive relaxant, chamomile extract can be used to treat various gastrointestinal disturbances, including gas, acid reflux symptoms, indigestion, diarrhea, anorexia, motion sickness, nausea and vomiting. Chamomile extract can help shorten the course of diarrhea and colic in children as well as relieve symptoms associated with the conditions like pain and anxiety. Chamomile oil also contains anodyne compounds that are anti-spasmodic, reducing cramping, constipation and other stomach pains. Many of these benefits are due to chamomile extract natural relaxing effects. Because the brain and the gut communicate directly back and forth via the vagus nerve, a more relaxed mind can also help heal leaky gut, which can mean reduced symptoms of chronic conditions like leaky gut, IBS and other gut-related issues. Chamomile extract benefits include mellowing effects also make it a good choice for pregnant women in order to relax the digestive tract and act as a natural remedy for nausea. 4. Has Strong Anti-Inflammatory and Pain-Reducing Abilities Chamomile extract is sometimes called an “herbal aspirin” since it’s been a popular home remedy for lowering pain for centuries. Chamomile extract flowers are used alone or in combination with other anti-inflammatory foods to reduce pain, congestion, swelling and redness. They’re effective at reducing facial swelling, skin irritations, toothaches, pain from infections and underlying issues of inflammation. This is the reason chamomile extract is commonly added to beauty products like facial or body lotions, toothpastes, and bath soaps. A 2018 crossover study published in Neurological Science found that a chamomile extract gel was able to reduce migraine pain. Chamomile extract can also naturally lower pain associated with arthritis, injuries, back pain, fevers and pregnancy. In fact, its pain-reducing qualities are even used to soothe the body and mind after giving birth. For example, in some parts of the world like Mexico, chamomile extract tea is given to women after labor to relax their abdominal muscles and help them rest. 5. May Help Fight Cancer Recently, several studies dug into the anti-cancer activity of chamomile extract. Evidence shows positive effects of chamomile extract stopping cancerous tumor growth and acting as a natural cancer treatment. Inhibition of cancerous cells is believed to be due to chamomile’s antioxidants called apigenin, which are bioactive constituents that appear to help fight skin, prostate, breast and ovarian cancers. In a recent study published by the Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, chamomile extracts were shown to cause minimal growth inhibitory effects on normal healthy cells, but showed significant reductions in human cancer cells, especially androgen-refractory cells that often lead to prostate cancer. 6. Relieves Congestion Because chamomile extract benefits include both fighting infections and reducing mucus congestion, it’s added to many nasal sprays. Chamomile extract tea is also a good choice when you’re sick and want to beat a cold, the flu or sinus infection. Studies indicate that inhaling steam with chamomile extract is helpful in common cold symptoms. Some people even gargle chamomile extract tea or extract to fight inflammation of the mucous membranes and within the mouth and throat. 7. Promotes Skin Health Suffering from breakouts or dry, irritated, aged, red skin? Try using chamomile oil mixed into lotion. Chamomile extract promotes smooth, healthy skin and relieves irritations thanks to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Chamomile extract flavonoids and essential oils penetrate below the skin surface into the deeper skin layers of the skin, preserving its youthful appearance, completion and immune defenses. As a traditional medicine, it’s been used for centuries to treat wounds, ulcers, eczema, gout, skin irritations, bruises, burns and canker sores. Today, we know chamomile extract benefits and uses go even further — it’s also useful for getting rid of signs of aging like dark spots and fine lines, reducing dandruff naturally, treating chickenpox quickly, and fading scars. Additionally, it makes a great natural diaper rash treatment and can even be used around the eyes to fight infections and sties. 8. Keeps Gum and Teeth Healthy In addition to healing skin and the respiratory tract, chamomile extract benefits include the ability to fight various bacterial infections of the oral cavity, teeth and gums. Chamomile extract benefits help reduce pain associated with cancer sores, wounds and toothaches, plus they fight harmful bacteria that can live within the mouth. A pilot study published in the Journal of Oral Science found that a mouthwash containing 1 percent chamomile extract effectively reduced biofilm accumulation and bleeding in patients with gingivitis. This was likely due to the herb’s antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. 9. May Improve Heart Health Recently, chamomile extract has been associated with providing cardiovascular protection. Because of its high level of flavonoids, chamomile extract consumed in foods is linked with a lower risk of death from coronary heart disease in elderly men. One study published in The Lancet assessed the flavonoid intake of 805 men aged 65–84 years and found that higher flavonoid intake from foods and herbs was significantly inversely associated with mortality from coronary heart disease. How to Buy and Use Today, chamomile extract is widely available and used in various forms, usually as a tea, essential oil, dry powder or tincture. Which type you want to buy depends on how you plan to use it. Dry powder and extract forms of chamomile extract flowers are usually most recommended by traditional practitioners since these provide the most potent forms of chamomile extract antioxidants. If you come across chamomile extract powder, look for a product made with pure chamomile extract flower leaves (where the oils are held), but not fillers like the plant’s stems or roots. Extracts are also used to make chamomile extract capsules, which are often used to treat anxiety and sleep issues. The standard dosage for these types of conditions, which have been used in studies, is 220–1,100 milligrams per day, for about 8 weeks. In most parts of the world, chamomile extract tea is the most popular way to enjoy the plant’s calming effects. You can find chamomile extract tea in nearly any grocery store, but look for organic, pure tea leaves to get the most benefits. How many cups of chamomile extract tea can you drink in a day? Because chamomile’s oils aren’t very water-soluble, tea won’t have as strong of an effect as chamomile extract essential oil uses, powders or tinctures, but it can still help you to kick back and soothe your stomach after a long day. This means that you can drink one to four cups of chamomile extract tea per day. If you want to use chamomile extract on your skin, in the bath or combined with other products you already have, look for chamomile extracts that contain about 50 percent alcohol and a standardized extract of 1.2 percent of apigenin (which is one of the most effective bioactive agents). Chamomile extract essential oil can also be bought in health food stores and online. It’s an excellent remedy for solving skin issues and reducing pain, plus you can burn chamomile extract as an aromatherapy treatment to ease tension, relax and fall asleep easily. Recipes Aside from drinking chamomile tea, here some simple ways to use chamomile extract essential oil around your home: Aromatherapy to reduce anxiety: Diffuse chamomile extract and lavender essential oils around your home to reduce feelings of stress and tension. They can also help you fall asleep easily. Heal irritated skin: Heal blistered skin by mixing two drops of tea tree oil and chamomile extract, and then apply to the blistered area up to five times per day. You can also make a jar of your own skin-healing oil with my Homemade Anti-Aging Serum; add 20 drops of chamomile oil to this recipe that delivers vital nutrients and hydration. Soothe a sunburn: Combine lavender or chamomile oil with one tablespoon of coconut oil and apply to the skin with a cotton ball to reduce swelling and pain. Spiritual enlightenment: Diffuse chamomile extract with frankincense essential oil while praying, meditat

Charmor PM40 – тетрафункциональный спирт.
Charmor PM40 растворим в воде, бензоле, эфире, петролейном эфире и мало растворим в спирте.
Charmor PM40 — универсальный спирт для химической промышленности.


Номер CAS: 115-77-5
Номер ЕС: 204-104-9
Химическое название: 2,2-БИС (ГИДРОКСИМЕТИЛ) 1,3-ПРОПАНДИОЛ.
INCI/Химическое название: Пентаэритрит.
Линейная формула: C(CH2OH)4
Молекулярная формула: C5H12O4.



СИНОНИМЫ:
Пентаэритрит, Тетрагидроксиметилметан, Пентаэритрит, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, Пентаэритрит, Пентаэритрит 95,98, ПЕНТАЭРИТРИТ, ПЕНТАЭРИТРИТ, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, >98 %, пентаэритрит R (моно-пента), 2,2-бисгидроксиметил-1,3-пропандиол, Charmor PM40 (используйте 8G071), пентаэритрит M, пентаэритрит моно, пентаэритрит чистый, пентаэритрит (тетраметилол метан), пентаэритрит чистый, пентаэритрит , чистый, Пентаэритрит, >98%, Пентаэритрит технический, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, >98%, Пентаэритрит 88, Пентаэритрит, технический сорт (89% пента), Пентаэритрит, Монепентаэритрит, >98%, Пентаэритрит дипентаэритрита с трипентаэритритом, Пентаэритрит 98%, Пентаэритрит 95%, Пентаэритрит, >95%, Пентаэритрит, 2,2-бисгидроксиметил-1,3-пропандиол, >99%, Пентаэритрит, 98% мин., Пентаэритрит 95%, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, Пентаэритрит, мин. 95%, Пентеаритрит, >98%, Монопентаэритрит, >98%, из возобновляемого источника углерода, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил) )пропан-1,3-диол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, тетраметилолметан, 1,1,1-трис(гидроксиметил)этанол, 1,3-пропандиол, 2,2-бис( гидроксиметил)-, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-3-пропандиол, 3-пропандиол,2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1, ауксенутрил, 1,3-пропандиол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-, Тетракис(гидроксиметил)метан, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)пропан-1,3-диол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)пропан-1,3 -диол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, Геркулес P 6, монопентаэритрит, PE 200, пентаэртирит, ПЭТФ, тетракис(гидроксиметил)метан, тетраметилолметан, ТМЭ, пентаэритрит, 2,2-бис( гидроксиметил)пропан-1,3-диол, пентаэритрит, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, ТМЭ, ПЭТФ, ПЭ 200, максинутрил, геркулесп6, монопентек Метаб-Ауксил, Геркулес П 6, пентаэритрит, пентаэртихрит , Пентаэритрит, Монопентаэритрит, метантетраметилол, Тетраметилолметан, Метан тетраметилол, Тетраки(гидроксиметил)метан, Метан, тетракис(гидроксиметил)-, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил) пропан-1,3-диол, 1,3-Пропандиол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-, Ауксинутрил, Геркулес Р6, Максинутрил, Метаб-Ауксил, Метан тетраметилол, Монопентек, Пенетек, Пентаэритрит, Пентек, ПЭ 200, Тетрагидроксиметилметан , Тетракис(гидроксиметил)метан, Тетраметилолметан, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, ауксенутрил, монопентаэритрит, 1,1,1-трис(гидроксиметил)этанол, Hercules Mono-PE, пентаэртихрит, PETP, THME , Метан, тетракис(гидроксиметил)-,, NSC 8100, Charmor PM 15, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, метан тетраметилол, монопентаэритрит, ПЭ, тетрагидроксиметилолметан, тетраметилолметан, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил) )-1,3-пропандиол, метан тетраметилол, монопентаэритрит, полиэтилен, тетрагидроксиметилолметан, тетраметилолметан, 2,2-бис(ГИДРОКСИМЕТИЛ)ПРОПАН-1,3-ДИОЛ, ПЭТФ, пентаэритротол, ПЕНТАЭРИТРИТ МОНО, THME, PE-T, JWSC, Пентек, Пентаэритрит, энтаэритрит.



Charmor PM40 представляет собой белый кристаллический многоатомный спирт, содержащий четыре первичные гидроксильные группы.
Charmor PM40 применяется в качестве строительного материала в алкидных смолах, мономерах радиационного отверждения, полиуретанах, эфирах канифоли, синтетических смазочных материалах и взрывчатых веществах.


Charmor PM40 представляет собой тетрафункциональный спирт.
Charmor PM40 растворим в воде, бензоле, эфире, петролейном эфире и мало растворим в спирте.
Charmor PM40 — спирт с четырьмя функциональными группами.


Charmor PM40 – универсальный спирт для химической промышленности.
Charmor PM40 можно описать как белое кристаллическое органическое соединение, имеющее химическую формулу C(CH2OH)4.
Charmor PM40, получаемый конденсацией ацетальдегида и формальдегида, содержит четыре гидроксильные группы.


Функциональность этих гидроксильных групп делает Charmor PM40 пригодным для широкого спектра химических реакций.
Эти реакции включают этерификацию и этерификацию, посредством которых можно получать модифицированные производные, подходящие для различного промышленного применения.


Charmor PM40 — это более белый многоатомный спирт в виде порошка, богатый углеродом.
Charmor PM40 является компонентом, образующим толстый огнестойкий барьер от обугливания, когда вспучивающиеся покрытия подвергаются воздействию высоких температур.
Charmor PM40 представляет собой многоатомный спирт, содержащий четыре первичные гидроксильные группы.


Charmor PM40 действует как антипирен.
Charmor PM40 снижает выбросы углекислого газа до 75%.
Charmor PM40 повышает устойчивость, поскольку он основан на 100% возобновляемом сырье.


Charmor PM40 представляет собой микронизированное производное пентаэритрита.
Charmor PM40 является важнейшим компонентом в формировании толстого огнестойкого барьера от обугливания, когда вспучивающиеся покрытия подвергаются воздействию высоких температур.
Charmor PM40 представляет собой органическое соединение формулы C(CH2OH)4.


Charmor PM40, классифицируемый как полиол, представляет собой белое твердое вещество.
Charmor PM40 — это строительный блок для синтеза и производства взрывчатых веществ, пластмасс, красок, бытовой техники, косметики и многих других коммерческих продуктов.


Charmor PM40 представляет собой смесь пента- с 5 атомами углерода и эритрита, который также содержит 4 спиртовые группы.
Charmor PM40 представляет собой белое твердое вещество без запаха.
Charmor PM40 тонет и медленно смешивается с водой.


Charmor PM40 представляет собой тетрол, представляющий собой неопентан, в котором один из метильных атомов водорода всех четырех метильных групп заменен гидроксильными группами.
Charmor PM40 — это промежуточный химический продукт, используемый в производстве взрывчатых веществ, пластмасс, красок, бытовой техники и косметики.
Charmor PM40 действует как антипирен и слабительное средство.


Charmor PM40 представляет собой первичный спирт и тетрол.
Charmor PM40 получают из гидрида неопентана.
Charmor PM40 — это разновидность многоатомного спирта.


Charmor PM40 представляет собой сыпучий белый кристаллический порошок без запаха, негигроскопичный и стабильный при хранении.
Charmor PM40, широко известный в химической промышленности просто как «Пента», представляет собой белый кристаллический порошок без запаха.
Charmor PM40 растворим в воде, слабо растворим в спирте и нерастворим в большинстве углеводородов.


В процессе производства также получают высшие гомологи пенты, в том числе ди- и трипентаэритрит.
Charmor PM40 представляет собой беловатый порошок, менее растворимый, чем пентаэритрит.
Charmor PM40 — это более белый многоатомный спирт в виде порошка, богатый углеродом.


Charmor PM40 является компонентом, образующим толстый огнестойкий барьер от обугливания, когда вспучивающиеся покрытия подвергаются воздействию высоких температур.
Charmor PM40 имеет минимальное содержание монопентаэритрита 98%.



ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ CHARMOR PM40:
Charmor PM40 – это многоатомный спирт с четырьмя функциональными группами для производства тэна.
Charmor PM40 используется в качестве промежуточного химического продукта для алкилированных смол, синтетических смазочных материалов, тетранитрата пентаэритрита, смол и эфиров таллового масла.
Charmor PM40 также используется в производстве покрытий, динамита и пластмасс.


Charmor PM40 используется в качестве промежуточного химического продукта для алкилированных смол, синтетических смазочных материалов, тетранитрата пентаэритрита, смол и эфиров таллового масла.
Charmor PM40 также используется в производстве покрытий, динамита и пластмасс.
Charmor PM40 используется в производстве алкидных смол, смол жирных кислот и эфиров таллового масла.


Также рекомендуется для винилхлорида, синтетического каучука, тетранитрата пентаэритрита (ТЭН), стабилизаторов поливинилхлорида, антиоксиданта олефинов и триакрилата пентаэритрита.
Charmor PM40 — основной полиол, производимый компанией Ercros по запатентованной технологии.


Charmor PM40 используется при производстве алкидных смол, которые, в свою очередь, используются для производства стандартных и вспучивающихся красок, особенно для декоративной и автомобильной промышленности.
Алкидные смолы, изготовленные из Charmor PM40, имеют гораздо лучшие свойства, чем смолы из глицерина: они быстрее сохнут и обладают большей твердостью, стабильностью цвета и блеска.


Charmor PM40 используется в производстве синтетических смазочных материалов, стабилизаторов для ПВХ и взрывчатых веществ для горнодобывающей промышленности.
Производные, такие как тетранитрат пентаэритрита (ТЭН), очень важны в производстве взрывчатых веществ.
ТЭН представляет собой соединение с высокой взрывной силой и широко используется как в военных, так и в гражданских целях.


Charmor PM40 также играет ключевую роль в разработке экологически чистых красок, поскольку он выделяет меньше летучих органических соединений (ЛОС), чем краски на основе растворителей.
Charmor PM40 в основном используется в таких областях, как производство красок, пластмасс и взрывчатых веществ.


Благодаря низкой токсичности и высокой эффективности сгорания Charmor PM40 является предпочтительной добавкой, особенно при производстве пластмасс и красок.
Charmor PM40 является ключевым ингредиентом в различных отраслях промышленности и широко используется в производстве взрывчатых веществ, лакокрасочной промышленности, пластмасс и полимеров.
Charmor PM40 используется в вспучивающихся системах для пластика.


В вспучивающихся системах для пластмасс Charmor PM40 используется в качестве источника углерода для безгалогенных систем, требующих меньшего выделения дыма и нетоксичных паров.
Charmor PM40 имеет минимальное содержание монопентаэритрита 98%.
Charmor PM40 представляет собой микронизированный полиол на основе пентаэритрита.


Charmor PM40 используется в сочетании с донором кислоты и пенообразователем для получения высокоэффективного вспучивающегося покрытия.
Charmor PM40 также подходит для использования в рецептурах вспучивающихся герметиков, термореактивных ненасыщенных полиэфиров, деталей из термопластичных конструкционных смол и стандартных деталей из термопластичных смол.


В вспучивающихся системах для пластмасс Charmor PM40 используется в качестве источника углерода для безгалогенных систем, требующих меньшего выделения дыма и нетоксичных паров.
Charmor PM40 используется в основном в производстве алкидных смол, а также ряда других продуктов, таких как эфиры канифоли, модифицированные маслом уретановые смолы, модифицированные олифы, синтетические смазочные материалы, пластификаторы, вспучивающиеся краски, пластмассы и стабилизаторы для пластмасс.


Charmor PM40 используется в качестве промежуточного химического продукта для алкилированных смол, синтетических смазочных материалов, тетранитрата пентаэритрита, смол и эфиров таллового масла.
Charmor PM40 также используется в производстве покрытий, динамита и пластмасс.
В вспучивающихся системах для пластмасс Charmor PM40 используется в качестве источника углерода для безгалогенных систем, требующих меньше��о выделения дыма и нетоксичных паров.


-Вспучивающиеся покрытия действуют следующим образом:
Термопластическое связующее плавится под воздействием тепла огня, позволяя протекать дальнейшим химическим реакциям в размягченной матрице.
Донор кислоты (часто соль полифосфата) разлагается с образованием полифосфорной кислоты.

Полифосфорная кислота реагирует с Charmor PM40 с образованием эфиров полифосфорной кислоты.
Эфиры разлагаются с образованием вспенивающейся углеродной матрицы.

Вспенивающий агент (часто меламин) выделяет газы, которые заставляют углеродную матрицу образовывать пену, которая затвердевает, образуя прочный изолирующий барьер из угля, который прилипает к подложке.

Charmor PM40 особенно подходит для вспучивающихся покрытий на водной основе и на основе растворителей.
Размер частиц используемого Charmor PM40 влияет на природу пены. Частицы меньшего размера дают более густую пену угля.


-Взрывчатые вещества Charmor PM40:
Charmor PM40 — основной компонент при производстве пентаэритритотетранитрата (ТЭН), также известного как нитропента, при производстве взрывчатых материалов.
ТЭН предпочтительнее использовать в военных боеприпасах и горнодобывающей промышленности из-за его высокой взрывоопасности; Занимается производством такой продукции, как запальные капсюли и детонирующие шнуры.


- Использование Charmor PM40 в лакокрасочной промышленности:
Charmor PM40 используется в производстве алкидных смол.
В лакокрасочной промышленности алкидные смолы составляют основу покрытий и лаков, обеспечивающих долговечность и устойчивость к коррозии.
Charmor PM40 улучшает структуру этих смол, а также такие важные свойства, как цвет, блеск и твердость.


-Пластмассы и полимеры. Использование Charmor PM40:
Charmor PM40 действует как сшивающий агент при производстве пластмасс и полимеров.
При таком использовании Charmor PM40 повышает устойчивость к теплу и свету; Усиливает механические свойства пластмасс.
Charmor PM40 вносит важный вклад, особенно в производство ПВХ, то есть стабилизаторов поливинилхлорида.



КАКОВЫ СВОЙСТВА CHARMOR PM40?
*Белый
*Кристаллический порошок
*Без запаха
*Неопасно
*Твердый состав
*Вода
*Плохо растворим в спирте
*Нерастворим в большинстве углеводородов.
*Также называется монопентаэритритом.



КАК СОЗДАЕТСЯ CHARMOR PM40?
Charmor PM40 производится из формальдегида и ацетальдегида в присутствии щелочного катализатора, такого как гидроксид натрия или кальция.
Пентаэритроза первоначально образуется в результате трех последовательных альдольных реакций, а затем восстанавливается в перекрестной реакции Каннисарро с формальдегидом с образованием пентаэритрита.



СИНТЕЗ ШАРМОРА PM40:
О Charmor PM40 впервые сообщили в 1891 году немецкий химик Бернхард Толленс и его ученик П. Виганд.
Charmor PM40 можно получить с помощью реакции множественного присоединения, катализируемой основанием, между ацетальдегидом и 3 эквивалентами формальдегида с образованием пентаэритрозы (CAS: 3818-32-4), с последующей реакцией Канниццаро с четвертым эквивалентом формальдегида с получением конечного продукта. плюс формиат-ион.



РАСТВОРИМОСТЬ ШАРМОРА PM40:
Charmor PM40 растворим в воде: 0,1 г/мл.



НОТЫ CHARMOR PM40:
Charmor PM40 гигроскопичен.
Charmor PM40 несовместим с сильными кислотами, сильными окислителями, хлоридами кислот, ангидридами кислот.



ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА CHARMOR PM40:
Charmor PM40 представляет собой твердое химическое соединение и используется в производстве красок и пластмасс.
Charmor PM40 также входит в состав высокоэнергетических взрывчатых веществ и некоторых смазочных материалов.

*Температура плавления
Температура плавления Charmor PM40 составляет около 260 °C (500 °F).
Его термостойкая структура гарантирует, что он остается стабильным даже при высоких температурах.

*Разрешение
Charmor PM40 в воде: 15 г/л при 20 °C.
Растворимость в органических растворителях:
*Эфир: Слабый
*Метанол: Хорошо
*Хлороформ: Очень слабый.
Следует отметить, что растворимость Charmor PM40 играет важную роль при приготовлении и применении продуктов.

*реактивность
Charmor PM40 может активно реагировать с сильными окислителями и кислотами.
Однако Charmor PM40 обычно считается инертным и не вступает в реакцию со многими химическими веществами.
Его реакционная способность важна для контроля химических реакций, в которых используется Charmor PM40.



ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА ЧАРМОРА PM40:
Charmor PM40 – химически стабильное и многофункциональное производное спирта.
В этом разделе мы рассмотрим основную химическую структуру и типы соединений.

*Молекулярная формула
Молекулярная формула Charmor PM40: C₅H₁₂O₄.
В этой формуле; Charmor PM40 содержит пять атомов углерода (C), двенадцать атомов водорода (H) и четыре атома кислорода (O).
Атомы расположены в структуре, состоящей из четырех гидроксильных групп и углеродного центра.

*изомеры
Charmor PM40 представляет собой соединение, не образующее изомеров.
Очарование PM40 обусловлено тем, что четыре гидроксильные группы симметрично связаны с центральным атомом углерода.
Эта симметрия предотвращает образование потенциальных изомеров, и пентаэритрит имеет единую структурную форму.
Каждая гидроксильная группа связана с sp³-гибридным углеродом, в результате чего молекула имеет тетраэдрическую геометрию.



ПРОЦЕСС ПРОИЗВОДСТВА CHARMOR PM40:
Charmor PM40 — многофункциональный спирт, получаемый посредством химических реакций.
Производственный процесс можно рассматривать в двух основных категориях: синтетические пути и методы промышленного масштаба.

*Синтетические пути
Charmor PM40 получают синтетическим путем альдольной конденсации альдегидов, таких как формальдегид и ацетальдегид.
Эта реакция по существу происходит при взаимодействии четырех молей формальдегида и одного моля ацетальдегида в присутствии катализатора.

*Методы промышленного масштаба
Промышленное производство Charmor PM40 включает процессы, происходящие при высокой температуре и давлении.

Параметры реактора:
*Температура: 120-150°С.
*Давление: 2-5 бар

Процесс реакции:
*Катализатор (обычно гидроксид натрия)
*Время реакции: Обычно от 5 до 8 часов.
*Эти методы обычно оптимизированы для повышения чистоты и выхода пентаэритрита.
*После реакции продукт проходит этапы очистки для повышения чистоты.



ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА CHARMOR PM40:
Точка плавления (конечная): 260C.
Растворимость в воде при 25°C: 5,3%.
КАС: 115-77-5
Форма выпуска: порошок
Белый цвет
Запах: Нет данных
Порог запаха: данные отсутствуют.
pH: данные отсутствуют
Точка плавления/точка замерзания.
Точка плавления/диапазон: 253–258 °C – лит.
Начальная точка кипения и диапазон кипения: 276 °С при 40 гПа – лит.

Температура вспышки > 150,00 °C – в закрытом тигле
Скорость испарения: Нет данных.
Горючесть (твердого тела, газа): Данные отсутствуют.
Верхний/нижний пределы воспламеняемости или взрывоопасности: данные отсутствуют.
Давление пара: < 1 гПа при 20 °C
Плотность пара: данные отсутствуют.
Плотность: 1,39 г/см3 при 20°С
Относительная плотность: 1,37 при 20 °C
Растворимость в воде: 62 г/л при 20 °C – полностью растворим.
Коэффициент распределения: н-октанол/вода: log Pow: -1,7 при 23 °C
Температура самовоспламенения: > 400 °C при 1,013 гПа.
Температура разложения: Данные отсутствуют.

Вязкость
Вязкость, кинематическая: Нет данных.
Вязкость, динамическая: данные отсутствуют.
Взрывоопасные свойства: данные отсутствуют.
Окислительные свойства: Нет данных.
Другая информация по безопасности:
Поверхностное натяжение 71 мН/м при 20 °C
Химическая формула: C5H12O4.
Молярная масса: 136,15 g/mol
Внешний вид: белое твердое вещество
Плотность: 1,396 г/см3

Температура плавления: 260,5 ° C (500,9 ° F; 533,6 К).
Точка кипения: 276 ° C (529 ° F; 549 К) при 30 мм рт. ст.
Растворимость в воде:
38,46 г/л (0°С)
47,62 г/л (10°С)
52,60 г/л (15°С)
56,60 г/л (20°С)
74,07 г/л (30°С)
115,0 г/л (40°С)
180,3 г/л (60°С)
285,7 г/л (80°С)
500,0 г/л (100°С)

Растворимость: TBuOH, 15 г/л (60°C).
ДМСО, 20 г/л (25°С)
Мало растворим в: метаноле, этаноле, глицерине, этиленгликоле, формамиде;
нерастворим в: ацетоне, толуоле, гептане, диэтиловом эфире, дихлорметане.
Давление пара: 0,00000008 мм рт.ст. (20°C)
КАС: 115-77-5
ЕИНЭКС: 204-104-9
ИнЧИ: ИнЧИ=1/C5H12O4/c6-1-5(2-7,3-8)4-9/h6-9H,1-4H2
InChIKey: WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Молекулярная формула: C5H12O4.
Молярная масса: 136,15
Плотность: 1,396
Температура плавления: 253-258 °C (лит.)

Точка Болинга: 276 °C/30 мм рт.ст. (лит.)
Температура вспышки: 240 °С.
Растворимость в воде: 1 г/18 мл (15 ºC)
Растворимость: H2O: 0,1 г/мл, прозрачный, бесцветный.
Давление паров: <1 мм рт. ст. (20 °C)
Внешний вид: Кристаллы
Белый цвет
Мерк: 14,7111
РН: 1679274
рКа: 13,55±0,10 (прогнозируется)
PH: 3,5-4,5 (100 г/л, H2O, 35 ℃ )
Условия хранения: Хранить при температуре ниже +30°C.
Стабильность: Стабильная.
Несовместим с сильными кислотами, сильными окислителями,
хлорангидриды кислот, ангидриды кислот.

Чувствительный: гигроскопичный
Индекс преломления: 1,548
Номер CB: CB7852888
Молекулярная формула: C5H12O4
Молекулярный вес: 136,15
Номер лея:MFCD00004692
Файл MOL:115-77-5.mol
Температура плавления: 253-258 °C (лит.)
Точка кипения: 276 °C/30 мм рт.ст. (лит.)
Плотность: 1,396
Давление пара: <1 мм рт. ст. (20 °C)
Индекс преломления: 1,548
Температура вспышки: 240 °С.
Температура хранения: Хранить при температуре ниже +30°C.

Растворимость: H₂O: 0,1 г/мл, прозрачный, бесцветный.
Форма: Кристаллы
рКа: 13,55±0,10 (прогнозируемое)
Белый цвет
Запах: Без запаха
pH: 3,5-4,5 (100 г/л, H₂O, 35°C)
Растворимость в воде: 1 г/18 мл (15 ºC)
Чувствительный: гигроскопичный
Мерк: 14,7111
РН: 1679274
Пределы воздействия:
ACGIH: TWA 10 мг/м³
OSHA: TWA 15 мг/м³; СВВ 5 мг/м³
NIOSH: TWA 10 мг/м³; СВВ 5 мг/м³

Стабильность: Стабильная.
Несовместим с сильными кислотами, сильными окислителями,
хлорангидриды кислот, ангидриды кислот.
InChIKey: WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1,7 при 22°C
Косвенные добавки, используемые в веществах, контактирующих с пищевыми продуктами: пентаэритрит.
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105; 175.300; 175,320
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 115-77-5 (ссылка на базу данных CAS)
Оценка еды по версии EWG: 1
FDA UNII: SU420W1S6N
Справочник по химии NIST: 1,3-пропандиол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)- (115-77-5)
Система регистрации веществ EPA: пентаэритрит (115-77-5)



МЕРЫ ПЕРВОЙ ПОМОЩИ CHARMOR PM40:
-Описание мер первой помощи:
*При вдыхании:
После ингаляции:
Свежий воздух.
*При попадании на кожу:
Немедленно снимите всю загрязненную одежду.
Промойте кожу водой/душем.
*В случае зрительного контакта:
При попадании в глаза: промыть большим количеством воды.
Снимите контактные линзы.
*При проглатывании:
После глотания:
Заставьте пострадавшего выпить воды (максимум два стакана).
При плохом самочувствии обратитесь к врачу.
-Указание на необходимость немедленной медицинской помощи и специального лечения:
Данные недоступны



МЕРЫ ПРИ СЛУЧАЙНОМ ВЫБРОСЕ CHARMOR PM40:
-Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
-Методы и материалы для локализации и очистки:
Закройте дренажи.
Соберите, свяжите и откачайте пролитую жидкость.
Соблюдайте возможные ограничения по материалам.
Возьмите в сухом виде.
Утилизируйте должным образом.
Очистите пораженное место



МЕРЫ ПОЖАРОТУШЕНИЯ CHARMOR PM40:
-Средства пожаротушения:
*Подходящие средства пожаротушения:
Вода
Мыло
Углекислый газ (CO2)
Сухой порошок
*Неподходящие средства пожаротушения:
Для этого вещества/смеси не установлены ограничения по огнетушащим веществам.
-Дальнейшая информация:
Не допускайте попадания воды для пожаротушения в поверхностные воды или систему грунтовых вод.



КОНТРОЛЬ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ/ПЕРСОНАЛЬНАЯ ЗАЩИТА CHARMOR PM40:
-Параметры управления:
--Ингредиенты с параметрами контроля на рабочем месте:
-Средства контроля воздействия:
--Средства индивидуальной защиты:
*Защита глаз/лица:
Используйте средства защиты глаз.
Безопасные очки
*Защита кожи:
Полный контакт:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Всплеск контакта:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
*Защита органов дыхания:
Рекомендуемый тип фильтра: Тип фильтра P1
-Контроль воздействия на окружающую среду:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ CHARMOR PM40:
-Условия безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:
*Условия хранения:
Плотно закрыто.
Сухой.



СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ И РЕАКЦИОННАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ CHARMOR PM40:
-Химическая стабильность:
Продукт химически стабилен при стандартных условиях окружающей среды (комнатная температура).
-Условия, чтобы избежать:
Нет доступной информации
-Несовместимые материалы:
Данные недоступны

Charmor PM40 — многоатомный спирт, содержащий четыре первичные гидроксильные группы.
Действует как антипирен.
Charmor PM40 — это микронизированное производное пентаэритрита с платформы Voxtar™.

CAS: 115-77-5
MF: C5H12O4
MW: 136,15
EINECS: 204-104-9

Синонимы
herculesp6;Maxinutril;Metab-Auxil;Метантетраметилол;Метан, тетракис(гидроксиметил)-,;метантетраметилол;Monopentek;PE 200;ПЕНТАЭРИТРИТ;115-77-5;2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)пропан-1,3-диол;Pentek;Тетраметилолметан;Penetek;Metab-Auxil;Монопентаэритритол;Пентаэритрит;Auxinutril;Maxinutril;Monopentek;Hercules P6;Тетрагидроксиметилметан;Метан тетраметилол;Тетракис(гидроксиметил)метан;1,3-пропандиол, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-;2,2-Бис(гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол;пентаэритритил;тетра(гидроксиметил)метан;THME;PE 200;Аукситранс;Пентаэритрит-13C;1,1,1-Трис(гидроксиметил)этанол;NSC 8100;MFCD00004692;334974-06-0;SU420W1S6N;DTXSID2026943;NSC-8100;DTXCID806943;Пентаэритрит;CAS-115-77-5;Charmor PM 15;CCRIS 2306;HSDB 872;EINECS 204-104-9;BRN 1679274;UNII-SU420W1S6N;Auxenutril;Pentaertyhritol;Hydrafuca;AI3-19571;Hercules Mono-PE;Auxitrans (TN);monopentaerythritol;3SY;Pentaerythritol, CP;tetramethylol metano;Pentaerythritol, 98%;Pentaerythritol, 99%;EC 204-104-9;Pentaerythritol, natrium salt;PENTAERYTHRITOL [MI];SCHEMBL15049;WLN: Q1X1Q1Q1Q;4-01-00-02812 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);C(CH2OH)4;PENTAERYTHRITOL [HSDB];1, 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-;PENTAERYTHRITOL [MART.];CHEMBL3186112;ПЕНТАЭРИТРИТ [WHO-DD];1,2-Диацилглицерин-LD-PE-pool;NSC8100;CHEBI:134760;Метан, тетракис(гидроксиметил)-,;AMY40485;Пентаэритрит, кальциевая, цинковая соль;Tox21_201921;Tox21_303573;STL483077;AKOS009166690;DB13526;2,2-бис-гидроксиметил-пропан-1,3-диол;NCGC00249136-01;NCGC00257496-01;NCGC00259470-01;BP-13392;2,2-бис(гидроксиметил) l)-пропан-1,3-диол;NS00005658;P0039;EN300-29828;D08331;A803483;Q421828;Q-201541;Q-201892;F0001-0283;Z295122660;InChI=1/C5H12O4/c6-1-5(2-7,3-8)4-9/h6-9H,1-4H;1632063-92-3

Charmor PM40 снижает выбросы углерода до 75%.
Charmor PM40 усиливает профиль устойчивости, поскольку он основан на 100% возобновляемом сырье.
Используется в вспучивающихся системах для пластика.
Charmor PM40 — это более белый многоатомный спирт в форме порошка, богатый углеродом.
Charmor PM40 является компонентом в формировании толстого огнестойкого обугленного барьера, когда вспучивающиеся покрытия подвергаются воздействию высоких температур.
В вспучивающихся системах для пластиков Charmor PM40 используется в качестве источника углерода для безгалогеновых систем, требующих меньшего дымовыделения и нетоксичных паров.
Charmor PM40 имеет минимальное содержание монопентаэритрита 98%.
Charmor PM40 является органическим соединением с формулой C(CH2OH)4.
Классифицируемый как полиол, Charmor PM40 представляет собой белое твердое вещество.
Charmor PM40 является строительным блоком для синтеза и производства взрывчатых веществ, пластмасс, красок, приборов, косметики и многих других коммерческих продуктов.

Химические свойства Charmor PM40
Температура плавления: 253-258 °C (лит.)
Температура кипения: 276 °C/30 мм рт. ст. (лит.)
Плотность: 1,396
Давление паров: <1 мм рт. ст. (20 °C)
Показатель преломления: 1,548
Fp: 240 °C
Температура хранения: хранить ниже +30 °C.
Растворимость H2O: 0,1 г/мл, прозрачный, бесцветный
Форма: Кристаллы
pka: 13,55±0,10 (прогноз)
Цвет: Белый
Запах: без запаха
PH: 3,5-4,5 (100 г/л, H2O, 35℃)
Растворимость в воде: 1 г/18 мл (15 ºC)
Чувствительность: Гигроскопичен
Merck: 14,7111
BRN: 1679274
Пределы воздействия ACGIH: TWA 10 мг/м3
OSHA: TWA 15 мг/м3; TWA 5 мг/м3
NIOSH: TWA 10 мг/м3; TWA 5 мг/м3
Стабильность: Стабильный. Несовместим с сильными кислотами, сильными окислителями, хлорангидридами кислот, ангидридами кислот. Горючий.
InChIKey: WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1,7 при 22℃
Ссылка на базу данных CAS: 115-77-5(Ссылка на базу данных CAS)
Ссылка на химию NIST: Charmor PM40 (115-77-5)
Система реестра веществ EPA: Charmor PM40 (115-77-5)

Charmor PM40 также называется 2,2-двойной (гидроксиметил)-1,3-пропандиол, четыре гидроксиметилметана, MetabAuxil, Penetek.
Белый кристаллический порошок.
Charmor PM40 был впервые обнаружен в 1882 году Толленсом и представляет собой бесцветный тетрагональный кристалл, двойной тетраэдрический кристалл, осажденный из разбавленной соляной кислоты.
Относительная молекулярная масса составляет 136,15.
Относительная плотность 1,399.
Точка плавления 262 oC (промышленные продукты, содержащие 10%~15% дипентаэритрита, точка плавления 180~225 oC).
Точка кипения 276 oC (4,00 x 103 Па).
Показатель преломления 1,54~1,56.
Может сублимироваться.
Медленно растворим в холодной воде, растворим в горячей воде, нерастворим в четыреххлористом углероде, этиловом эфире, бензоле, петролейном эфире, этаноле, ацетоне, растворимость при 25 oC (г/100 г) в воде, метаноле, этаноле, бутиламине, диметилсульфоксиде, этаноламине составляет 0,75, 7,23, 0,33, 16, 16,5 и 4,5 соответственно.

1 г дипентаэритрита может растворяться в 18 мл воды при 15 oC.
Charmor PM40 полимеризуется при нагревании выше точки плавления и дает усадку, вторую усадку, четыре сезона, три пентаэритрита и т. д.
Стабильность на воздухе.
Гидроксильные группы Charmor PM40 могут образовывать комплекс со многими видами металлов; Могут напрямую реагировать с азотной кислотой через нитрование; Под действием катализатора гидрокси может ��кисляться до кислоты; Могут реагировать с хлором с образованием хлорида; В кислой среде продукт реагирует с карбонильными соединениями, образуя циклический ацеталь и кеталь; Как и другие спирты, может этерифицироваться с кислотой или ангидридом с образованием четырех эфиров; Галогениды могут дегалогенироваться с образованием циклического эфира в роли щелочи.
Промежуточный продукт реакции присоединения 3-гидроксиальдегида может реагировать с формальдегидом через реакцию Канниццаро, образуя амиловый спирт четвертого сезона и муравьиную кислоту.

В 1938 году Charmor PM40 был впервые получен в Соединенных Штатах с ацетальдегидом и пятикратным количеством формальдегида в реакции системы раствора гидроксида кальция.
Charmor PM40 — единственный метод производства, используемый в промышленности.
Основное назначение — изготовление взрывчатых веществ и синтетических смол (в основном используемых для различных покрытий).
Charmor PM40 может использоваться в качестве стабилизирующего агента и имеет синергетический эффект со стабилизаторами на основе солей цинка, может заменить аллилхлорид для стабилизации ПВХ.
Общая дозировка — половина порции.
Но совместимость со смолой Charmor PM40 мала, легко выцветает и растворяется в воде, легко сублимируется, легко осаждается на технологическом оборудовании и мешает обработке в процессе сублимации.

Применение

Charmor PM40 в основном используется в производстве алкидных смол, также используется для производства чернил, смазочных материалов, пластификаторов, поверхностно-активных веществ, взрывчатых веществ и сырья для лекарств.
Используется в качестве антистатика для смол и синтетических волокон, кондиционера растворителя, масла и т. д.
Charmor PM40 в основном используется в лакокрасочной промышленности, является источником покрытия из алкидной смолы, может придать пленке покрытия твердость, блеск, с улучшенной долговечностью, он используется в качестве лака, цветной краски и типографской краски из сосновой смолы, необходимого сырья, а с тлеющим покрытием пола, высыхающим маслом и веществом может быть пустое смазочное масло и так далее.

Charmor PM40 является своего рода взрывчатым веществом (тайан); Эфир жирной кислоты является эффективным смазочным веществом и пластификатором ПВХ; Производство эпоксида является сырьем из поверхностно-активного вещества, пентаэритрита, легко образующего органический комплекс с металлом, а также в качестве смягчителя жесткой воды, используемого в составе моющих средств, кроме того, Charmor PM40 может также использоваться в медицине, производстве пестицидов и других производствах.

Газохроматографическая стационарная жидкость [максимальная температура использования 150 ℃, растворитель хлороформ + бутиловый спирт (1:1)], разделение и анализ низкокипящих кислородсодержащих соединений, аминных соединений, азотных или кислородсодержащих гетероциклических соединений.
Органический синтез, получение, синтезированные смолой полиолы.
В производстве Charmor PM40; алкидные смолы в композициях для поверхностного покрытия; триакрилат пентаэритрита и защитные покрытия; инсектициды; фармацевтические препараты
Charmor PM40 является соединением, наиболее часто используемым в косметике (в форме розината).
Charmor PM40 используется в качестве кондиционирующего средства для кожи (используется в составе кремовой основы в лосьонах), а также для повышения вязкости косметических составов.
Charmor PM40 является универсальным исходным материалом для синтеза различных дендримеров и звездообразных полимеров.

Charmor PM40 широко используется при получении огнестойких эпоксидных смол и полимерных композитов.

Charmor PM40 также используется при синтезе вазодилататора, тетранитрата пентаэритрита (PETN).

Основное назначение и действие

Как четвертичный спирт, Charmor PM40 легко образуется путем этерификации кислотой и эфиром, поэтому большинство классов, используемых в алкидных смолах, являются сырьем для покрытий, в основном используемым для архитектурных покрытий и автомобильных грунтовок.

Charmor PM40 используется для этерификации с азотной кислотой для получения тетранитрата пентаэритрита (также известного как PETN) при температуре 5~15 oC в промышленности, который является своего рода взрывчатым веществом и больше, чем взрывчатое вещество TNT, в основном в качестве усилителя или смеси с TNT.
Много PETN использовалось во время Второй мировой войны.
Charmor PM40 оказывает эффект диастолического кровеносных сосудов, является долгосрочным вазодилататором и может лечить стенокардию.
Реакция Charmor PM40 с кислотой канифоли может производить эфир пентаэритрита канифоли, который можно смешивать с олифой и который является своего рода покрытием с лучшей твердостью, водостойкостью и устойчивостью к атмосферным воздействиям, может использоваться в чернилах лака, напольных покрытиях и т. д.

Путем этерификации конденсации пентаэритрита или глицерина с фталевым ангидридом жирная кислота может создать алкидное смоляное покрытие.
Использование различных видов и различного количества жирной кислоты может улучшить свойства алкидной смолы, делая Charmor PM40 подходящим покрытием для различных видов, где это необходимо.
Charmor PM40 широко используется в качестве покрытия на поверхности металла, дерева, в качестве мостовой, железной дороги, вышки, здания и других аспектов обычно используемых промышленных и архитектурных красок.
Благодаря низкой цене, алкидной смоле реагентов, легкой модификации, сильной адаптивности, хорошей комплексности, она стала основой лакокрасочной промышленности с 1927 года.
Charmor PM40 часто используется в лакокрасочной промышленности, является сырьем для алкидных покрытий для производства высокосшитых покрытий с использованием четырех гидроксилов, покрытие имеет хорошую твердость и цвет, может улучшить твердость, блеск и долговечность пленки покрытия.

Используется в качестве сырья для производства лака, краски и чернил из эфира канифоли, а также может использоваться в качестве антипиренов, олифы, авиационного смазочного масла.
Эфир жирной кислоты пентаэритрита - это поливинилхлорид (ПВХ), пластификатор и стабилизатор, также используется в медицине, производстве пестицидов, смазочных масел.
Акриловый эфир Charmor PM40, полученный из пентаэритрита и акриловой кислоты, обладает свойством быстрого высыхания, широко используется в покрытиях с радиационным отверждением и быстросохнущих печатных чернилах, водорастворимой алкидной смоле, полимер может использоваться в качестве клея.
Эфир жирной кислоты C6 ~ C10 пентаэритрита в основном используется в качестве усовершенствованной смазки для паровой турбины, автомобильного двигателя и т. д.
Эфир, полученный этим продуктом с жирной кислотой C10 ~ C12, может использоваться в качестве пластификатора пластика, который имеет низкую летучесть и высокую стойкость к старению; Реакция с эпоксидным соединением, и его продукт может быть использован в качестве поверхностно-активного вещества, широко используемого в моющих средствах, косметике и парфюмерном сырье; этот продукт используется в качестве материала для взрывчатых веществ, лекарств, пестицидов, органических промежуточных продуктов и т. д.

Способ производства
Charmor PM40 производится с использованием формальдегида и ацетальдегида в качестве сырья в присутствии реакции щелочного конденсирующего агента.
При использовании гидроксида натрия в качестве конденсирующего агента Charmor PM40 называется натриевым методом.
Молярное соотношение сырья для ацетальдегида: формальдегида: щелочи составляет 1,5: 6: 1,1-1,3.
Добавляя раствор гидроксида натрия к 37% раствору формальдегида, соедините ацетальдегид при перемешивании при 25-32 oC и реагируйте в течение 6-7 часов.
С помощью нейтрализующего фильтра для получения Charmor PM40.
При использовании гидроксида кальция в качестве конденсирующего агента Charmor PM40 называется кальциевым методом.

Молярное соотношение сырья для ацетальдегида: формальдегида: извести составляет 1: 4,7: 0,7-0,8.
Добавьте раствор формальдегида, 20% раствор ацетальдегида и 25% известковое молоко в реакционный сосуд, проведите реакцию при 60 oC, конденсируйте до тех пор, пока цвет жидкости не изменится с серого на синий.
Постепенно охладите до 45 oC в подкисляющем котле.
Подкислите конденсированную жидкость 60-70% серной кислотой до pH 2-2,5, затем используйте воздушный фильтр для сульфата кальция.
Фильтруйте через ионообменную колонку для удаления остаточных ионов кальция, концентрирования напряжения, поддерживайте температуру газа ниже 70 oC, вакуумируйте при 77,3 кПа.
Начало кристаллизации, перенесите концентрат в кристаллизатор, смешивайте, охлаждайте, кристаллизуйте, центробежное разделение, промывайте водой до pH 3, высушите потоком воздуха, затем получите продукты.
Потребление кальция в методе высокое, а также существует проблема «трех отходов».

chenopodium album subvar. leucospermum extract; chenopodium canihua extract; chenopodium hircinum subsp. milleanum extract; chenopodium hircinum var. quinoa extract; chenopodium nuttalliae extract; chenopodium purpurascens var. punctulatum extract; chenopodium quinoa fo. purpureum extract; extract of the whole plant, chenopodium quinoa, chenopodiaceae CAS NO:999999-999-4

CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — широко используемое дезинфицирующее средство, одобренное FDA более 40 лет назад.
CHG 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) – вещество, применяемое на людях и животных, которое уничтожает вредные микроорганизмы или подавляет их активность.


Номер CAS: 18472-51-0
Номер ЕС: 242-354-0
Номер леев: MFCD00083599
Название ИЮПАК: 2-[6-[[амино-[[амино-(4-хлоранилино)метилиден]амино]метилиден]амино]гексил]-1-[амино-(4-хлоранилино)метилиден]гуанидин;(2R,3S) ,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-пентагидроксигексановая кислота
Молекулярная формула: C22H30Cl2N10•2C6H12O7.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — биоцид широкого спектра действия, эффективный против грамположительных, грамотрицательных бактерий и грибов.
В зависимости от концентрации ХГГ 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) обладает как бактериостатическими, так и бактерицидными свойствами.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) убивает, разрушая клеточную мембрану.


CHG 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) – вещество, применяемое на людях и животных, которое уничтожает вредные микроорганизмы или подавляет их активность.
CHG 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) представляет собой соль хлоргексидина и глюконовой кислоты.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — широко используемое дезинфицирующее средство, одобренное FDA более 40 лет назад.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) предлагается в виде 20 % раствора.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина), катионный антибиотик широкого спектра действия из семейства бис(бигуанидов), является антисептическим и дезинфицирующим средством.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) эффективен против широкого спектра бактерий, некоторых грибков и некоторых вирусов, а также является средством профилактики гингивита.


В коммерческих офтальмологических продуктах вместо тимеросала в качестве консерванта использовался 20% CHG (глюконат хлоргексидина); однако это может вызвать раздражение кожи.
Разбавленные растворы 20 % CHG (глюконата хлоргексидина) (<1,0 % масс./об.) можно стерилизовать автоклавированием при 115 °C в течение 30 минут или при температуре от 121 до 123 °C в течение 15 минут.


Катионный противомикробный препарат широкого спектра действия, ХГГ 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина), принадлежащий к семейству бис(бигуанидов).
Механизм действия CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконата) включает дестабилизацию внешней бактериальной мембраны.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — противомикробное средство для ирригации, которое используется в качестве антисептика для кожи в сфере здравоохранения.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) является предпочтительным антисептиком кожи по сравнению с настойками йода, иофорами и спиртом.
ХГГ 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой замещенную соль дигуанидина с высокой степенью антимикробной активности, низкой токсичностью для млекопитающих и способностью связываться с роговым слоем кожи и слизистыми оболочками.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой бесцветную или светло-желтую, почти прозрачную и слегка липкую жидкость без запаха или почти без запаха.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) смешивается с водой, растворяется в этаноле или пропаноле.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой бактериостатический антисептик широкого спектра действия, средство для ухода за полостью рта, дезинфицирующее средство, косметический биоцид и консервант.


ХГГ 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой почти бесцветную или бледно-желтую прозрачную жидкость без запаха, смешиваемую с водой, умеренно растворимую в спирте и ацетоне.
Относительная плотность 20 % CHG (глюконата хлоргексидина) составляет 1,060 ~ 1,070.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) смешивается с водой, этанолом и ацетоном.
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина), широко известный как раствор глюконата хлоргексидина 20%, убивает бактерии.
ХГГ 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) – бактерицидное средство широкого спектра действия.


CHG 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) (широкого спектра действия) с высокой эффективностью.
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в больницах для предотвращения заражения пациентов во время операций, а также его можно найти в средствах для полоскания рта.
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) ингибирует утилизацию кислорода, что приводит к снижению бактериального АТФ.



ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА):
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется по рецепту для полоскания рта.
ХГГ 20% (Хлоргексидина глюконат) применяют для хирургического лечения кожи.
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в качестве антибактериального мыла и средства для очищения кожи.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется медицинским персоналом в качестве хирургического скраба и антисептического ополаскивателя для рук.
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется для очистки кожи перед операцией, обработки ран и общего очищения кожи пациентов.
CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) применяется перорально.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в качестве антибактериального ополаскивателя для лечения гингивита.
Пародонтальный чип: CHG 20 % (хлоргексидин глюконат) используется в качестве дополнительной терапии для уменьшения глубины кармана у пациентов с пародонтитом.
CHG 20% (хлоргексидина глюконат) применяется в ветеринарии.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется для эффективной защиты коров от мастита.
CHG 20 % (хлоргексидин глюконат) используется для общей гигиены молочных продуктов у молочных животных.
Типичная концентрация антисептика составляет 0,5 – 4% от ХГГ 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина).


Хлоргексидин, также известный как CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина), представляет собой дезинфицирующее и антисептическое средство, которое используется для дезинфекции кожи перед операцией и для стерилизации хирургических инструментов.
ХГГ 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) может использоваться как для дезинфекции кожи пациента, так и рук медицинского персонала.


CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) также используется для очистки ран, предотвращения образования зубного налета, лечения дрожжевых инфекций полости рта и предотвращения закупорки мочевых катетеров.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) применяется в виде жидкости или порошка.


CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) также используется в хирургических скрабах для рук, мытье рук, обработке ран и общей чистке кожи.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется главным образом в качестве местного антисептика/дезинфицирующего средства при заживлении ран, в местах катетеризации, при различных стоматологических применениях и в хирургических скрабах.


Его использовали для изучения того, как эфирные масла улучшают антисептические свойства кожи в сочетании с 20% CHG (глюконатом хлоргексидина), а также для исследований проникновения через кожу.
Было показано, что хроническое полоскание 20% CHG (глюконат хлоргексидина) уменьшает соленость NaCl и горечь хинина.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в сочетании с бромидом цетилтриметиламмония (ЦТАБ), что может повысить его эффективность.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется главным образом в качестве местного антисептика/дезинфицирующего средства при заживлении ран, в местах катетеризации, в различных стоматологических целях и в хирургических скрабах.


CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в больницах для предотвращения заражения пациентов во время операций, а также его можно найти в средствах для полоскания рта.
Использование 20%-го CHG (хлоргексидина глюконата) для полоскания рта в ходе шестимесячного клинического исследования не привело к каким-либо значительным изменениям в резистентности бактерий, чрезмерному росту потенциально условно-патогенных организмов или другим неблагоприятным изменениям в микробной экосистеме полости рта.


Через три месяца после прекращения использования полоскания для полости рта CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) количество бактерий в зубном налете вернулось к исходному уровню, �� устойчивость бактерий зубного налета к CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) была равна исходному уровню.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — противомикробное средство для ирригации, которое используется в качестве антисептика для кожи в сфере здравоохранения.


CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в качестве бактерицидного средства для полоскания рта, используемого для лечения бактерий во рту и гингивита.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется из-за своего антисептического действия, прежде всего, в стоматологии и уходе за зубами, а также для очистки и дезинфекции ран.


Например, CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) является широко используемым антисептиком широкого спектра действия, который обладает более быстрым и длительным антисептическим действием и способностью, чем йодофоры.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой бесцветную или светло-желтую, почти прозрачную и слегка липкую жидкость без запаха или почти без запаха.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой антисептическое средство, которое, как было показано, уменьшает микробную флору на коже и предотвращает риск заражения в различных условиях, в том числе в качестве средства для подготовки кожи к хирургическим процедурам и для установки устройств сосудистого доступа, в качестве хирургического средства. скраб для рук и для гигиены полости рта.


Было показано, что CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) уменьшает зубной налет в полости рта; было показано, что он эффективен в минимизации септических эпизодов в полости рта при использовании с другими химиотерапевтическими средствами.
Эффективность CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) документально подтверждена во многих контролируемых клинических исследованиях, показавших уменьшение количества зубного налета на 50–60 %, снижение заболеваемости гингивитом на 30–45 % и количество бактерий в полости рта.


Эффективность CHG 20 % (глюконата хлоргексидина) обусловлена его способностью связываться с тканями полости рта и медленно высвобождаться в полость рта.
CHG 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) – дезинфицирующее и антисептическое средство; бактерицид, сильная функция бактериостаза широкого спектра действия, стерилизация; принимать эффективные средства для уничтожения грамположительных бактерий и грамотрицательных бактерий; применяют для дезинфекции рук, кожи, промывания ран.


Консервант CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — это косметический консервант с широкой эффективностью против бактерий и грибков.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) является мягким консервантом, нежным для кожи и слизистых оболочек.
Этот консервант CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) подходит для несмываемых и несмываемых продуктов.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — катионный поверхностно-активный консервант с антибактериальным действием широкого спектра действия.
Механизм действия CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконата) заключается в изменении проницаемости мембраны бактериальных клеток.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) является дезинфицирующим и антисептическим средством.


К нему высокочувствительны некоторые Staphylococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli и анаэробные пропионовокислые бактерии, умеренно чувствительны Haemophilus Streptococcus, низкой чувствительностью обладают Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella и грамотрицательные кокки, такие как Veillonella.


Антибактериальное действие CHG 20 % (глюконата хлоргексидина) на грамположительные и отрицательные бактерии сильнее, чем у бензалкония бромида и других дезинфицирующих средств.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) по-прежнему эффективен в присутствии сыворотки, крови и т. д.


Механизм действия CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) заключается в адсорбции на осмотическом барьере бактериальной цитоплазматической мембраны, благодаря чему содержимое клетки может вытечь наружу, оказывая антибактериальное действие.
Низкая концентрация ХГГ 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) оказывает антибактериальное действие, высокая концентрация оказывает бактерицидное действие.


ХГГ 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) – высококачественный антисептик широкого спектра показаний.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой бесцветную или светло-желтую, почти прозрачную и слегка липкую жидкость без запаха или почти без запаха.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой соль хлоргексидина, которая является дезинфицирующим и местным противоинфекционным средством для уменьшения глубины карманов у пациентов с пародонтитом у взрослых.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) также применяется для очистки ран и дезинфекции кожи и рук.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — очищающее средство для кожи, которое продолжает действовать после его использования.
ХГГ 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в дезинфицирующих средствах для дезинфекции кожи и рук.


ХГГ 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в косметике в качестве добавки к кремам, зубной пасте, дезодорантам и антиперспирантам.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в фармацевтических продуктах в качестве консерванта в глазных каплях, активного вещества в повязках на раны и антисептических средствах для полоскания рта.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) — сильный антисептик (жидкость, используемая для уничтожения микробов и бактерий).
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина), широко известный как раствор глюконата хлоргексидина 20%, убивает бактерии.
ХГГ 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) – бактерицидное средство широкого спектра действия.


CHG 20 % (Хлоргексидина глюконат) (широкого спектра действия) с высокой эффективностью.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) эффективно убивает грамположительные и грамотрицательные бактерии.
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется в качестве перорального антисептика и противомикробного средства.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) является активным ингредиентом бактерицидных средств для полоскания рта, шампуней для домашних животных, хирургических смазок, салфеток и мыла для рук.
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) использовался в исследовании, чтобы выяснить роль эфирных масел в улучшении антисептики кожи.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) играет жизненно важную роль в качестве дезинфицирующего средства и консерванта в фармацевтических продуктах.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) также используется в качестве добавки в косметических средствах, таких как кремы, зубные пасты и дезодоранты.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется вместе с регулярной чисткой зубов/флоссом для лечения гингивита, заболевания десен, которое вызывает покраснение, опухание и легкое кровотечение десен.


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) принадлежит к классу препаратов, известных как противомикробные препараты.
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) уменьшает количество бактерий во рту, помогая уменьшить отек и покраснение десен, а также кровотечение при чистке зубов.


Дозировка CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконата) зависит от вашего состояния здоровья и реакции на лечение.
Используйте CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) после еды, это может повлиять на вкус продуктов и напитков.
Для достижения максимальной эффективности избегайте полоскания рта (водой или любым другим ополаскивателем), чистки зубов, еды и питья в течение 30 минут после использования CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина).


CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) может вызвать необратимое изменение цвета некоторых зубных пломб.
Чтобы свести к минимуму изменение цвета, ежедневно пользуйтесь щеткой и ниткой, уделяя особое внимание областям, которые начинают обесцвечиваться.
Не смешивайте/разбавляйте CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) с каким-либо другим продуктом.
При попадании CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) в глаза тщательно промойте их водой.



ПОКАЗАНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА):
Ополаскиватель для полости рта CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) показан для использования между посещениями стоматолога в рамках профессиональной программы лечения гингивита, характеризующегося покраснением и отеком десен, включая кровотечение из десен при зондировании.
Ополаскиватель для полости рта CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) не тестировался у пациентов с острым некротизирующим язвенным гингивитом (ANUG).



ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА):
CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) - Клиническая фармакология
Ополаскиватель для полости рта CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) обеспечивает антимикробную активность во время полоскания полости рта.
Клиническое значение антимикробного действия ополаскивателя для полости рта CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконата) неясно.
Микробиологические пробы бляшек показали общее снижение количества определенных анализируемых бактерий, как аэробных, так и анаэробных, в диапазоне от 54 до 97% через шесть месяцев использования.



ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ХГГ 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА):
*CHG 20 % (хлоргексидин глюконат) Внешний вид:
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) представляет собой бесцветную или светло-желтую, почти прозрачную и слегка липкую жидкость без запаха.
*CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) Растворимость:
CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) смешивается с водой, растворяется в этаноле или пропаноле.



ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ):
*Активные фармацевтические ингредиенты,
*Косметика и уход за собой,
*Семья,
*Промышленные и институциональные



КАК ДОЛГО СЛЕДУЕТ ПРИМЕНЯТЬ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТ)?
Как долго следует принимать хлоргексидина глюконат?
Продолжительность использования CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконата) будет зависеть от состояния, при котором его назначают.
Если вы используете CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) при заболевании десен (гингивите), его можно использовать в течение месяца.
Если 20% CHG (глюконат хлоргексидина) используется при язвах во рту и молочнице, эту жидкость для полоскания рта можно использовать в течение 2 дней после облегчения симптомов.



Окрашивает ли CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТ) ЗУБЫ?
Да, хотя это происходит не у всех, CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) может окрасить зубы и язык.
Окрашивание не является постоянным и может исчезнуть после прекращения лечения.
Чистка зубов обычной зубной пастой перед использованием CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) может предотвратить появление пятен.
Вам также следует избегать продуктов и напитков, содержащих танин, таких как чай и кофе.



Помогает ли CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ) от неприятного запаха изо рта?
Да, CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) эффективен для уменьшения неприятного запаха изо рта, который сохраняется в течение примерно 3 часов.
Однако, прежде чем начать использовать CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина), следует учитывать риск окрашивания зубов и изменения вкуса.
Также разумно используйте CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина).



КАК СЛЕДУЕТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТ)?
При необходимости следует использовать CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат).
CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) обычно используется два раза в день.
Тщательно прополощите рот в течение примерно 1 минуты 10 мл 20%-го средства для полоскания рта CHG (хлоргексидин глюконат).
После полоскания вытесните изо рта CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина).



КАКИЕ МЕРЫ ПРЕДОСТОРОЖНОСТИ СЛЕДУЕТ СОБЛЮДАТЬ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА)?
Использование зубной пасты сразу после полоскания рта может помешать правильному действию жидкости для полоскания рта.
Используйте CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) перед полосканием рта или в другое время дня.
Всегда прополаскивайте рот перед использованием жидкости для полоскания рта.



КАК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ) СРЕДСТВО ДЛЯ полоскания рта:
Как использовать CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) для полоскания рта:
Полощите рот CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) после чистки зубов в соответствии с указаниями врача, обычно два раза в день (после завтрака и перед сном).
Отмерьте 1/2 унции (15 миллилитров) CHG 20 % (глюконата хлоргексидина) с помощью прилагаемого мерного стаканчика.

Полощите рот 20% CHG (глюконат хлоргексидина) в течение 30 секунд, а затем выплюньте.
Не глотайте CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) и не смешивайте его с другими веществами.
После использования CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) подождите не менее 30 минут, прежде чем полоскать рот водой или жидкостью для полоскания рта, чистить зубы, есть или пить.



ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНИЯ ХГГ 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА):
Ополаскиватель для полости рта CHG 20 % (хлоргексидин глюконат) не следует использовать лицам с известной гиперчувствительностью к хлоргексидина глюконату или другим ингредиентам формулы.



КАК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ ТКАНИ С CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ)?
Ванну с 20% CHG (хлоргексидина глюконатом) необходимо принимать не позднее чем за шесть часов до операции, но не более чем за 24 часа до операции.
Прежде чем вы начнете, медсестра предоставит вам необходимое количество тряпок и расскажет, где их можно использовать для вашего ребенка:

Следуй этим шагам:
*Удалите остатки стула с попы ребенка, прежде чем протирать его салфетками с содержанием CHG 20 % (хлоргексидин глюконат).
* Мойте руки теплой мыльной водой или используйте дезинфицирующее средство для рук.
* Не используйте салфетки на лице или голове вашего ребенка.
*Салфетки с содержанием CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконата) предназначены только для наружного применения.
*НЕ используйте салфетки на открытых ранах, открытых разрезах, участках слизистых оболочек (губы, нос, рот, анус, влагалище или кончик полового члена).
*Протирайте ткань круговыми движениями вперед и назад по коже.
* Дайте высохнуть на воздухе.
* НЕ вытирайте кожу полотенцем.
*Проверьте, чтобы CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) не оставался влажным между складками кожи на шее или в других местах тела.
*Выбросьте сухие тряпки в мусор.
* Не смывайте тряпки.



ФАРМАКОКИНЕТИКА CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА):
Фармакокинетические исследования полоскания для полости рта CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) показывают, что примерно 30 % активного ингредиента CHG 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) сохраняется в полости рта после полоскания.
CHG 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконат) медленно высвобождается в ротовую жидкость.
Исследования, проведенные на людях и животных, показали, что ХГГ 20 % (глюконат хлоргексидина) плохо всасывается из желудочно-кишечного тракта.

Средний уровень CHG 20% (глюконат хлоргексидина) в плазме достиг пика 0,206 мкг/г у людей через 30 минут после приема дозы препарата в 300 мг.
Обнаруживаемые уровни 20% CHG (глюконата хлоргексидина) не присутствовали в плазме этих субъектов через 12 часов после введения соединения.
Экскреция ХГГ 20 % (хлоргексидина глюконата) происходила преимущественно с калом (~90 %).
Менее 1% 20% CHG (хлоргексидина глюконата), принятого этими субъектами, выводится с мочой.



ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ХГГ 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ):
Молекулярная формула: C22H30Cl2N10•2C6H12O7.
Молекулярная масса: 897,762 г/моль
Номер CAS: 18472-51-0
Формула: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀•2C₆H₁₂O₇
ММ: 897,76 г/моль
Температура хранения: Холодильник
Номер леев: MFCD00083599
Номер CAS: 18472-51-0
ООН: 3082
АДР: 9,III
Физическое состояние: жидкость
Цвет: Нет данных
Запах: Нет данных
Точка плавления/точка замерзания: данные отсутствуют.
Начальная точка кипения и диапазон кипения: данные отсутствуют.
Горючесть (твердого тела, газа): Данные отсутствуют.
Верхний/нижний пределы воспламеняемости или взрывоопасности: данные отсутствуют.
Температура вспышки: данные отсутствуют.
Температура самовоспламенения: Не применимо
Температура разложения: Данные отсутствуют.
pH: данные отсутствуют

Вязкость
Вязкость, кинематическая: Нет данных.
Вязкость, динамическая: данные отсутствуют.
Растворимость в воде: растворим при 20 °C.
Коэффициент распределения: н-октанол/вода: данные отсутствуют.
Давление пара: данные отсутствуют.
Плотность: 1,06 г/см3 при 25°С - лит.
Относительная плотность: данные отсутствуют.
Относительная плотность пара: данные отсутствуют.
Характеристики частиц: данные отсутствуют.
Взрывоопасные свойства: Не классифицируется как взрывчатое.
Окислительные свойства: нет
Другая информация по безопасности: данные отсутствуют.
Внешний вид: Светло-желтая, почти прозрачная, слегка липкая жидкость, без запаха.
Анализ (ГЛХ%): 19,0%-21,0%
Относительная плотность: 1,050-1,070
Определите реакцию: ①②③ должна быть положительной.
Значение рН: 5,5-7,0 6,1
Физическое состояние: от бесцветного до бледно-желтого цвета, прозрачная жидкость.
Точка плавления/точка замерзания: 134°C.
Точка кипения или начальная точка кипения и диапазон кипения: 699,3°C при 760 мм рт.ст.
Нижний и верхний предел взрываемости/предел воспламеняемости: данные отсутствуют.
Температура вспышки: 376,7°C

Давление пара: 0 мм рт.ст. при 25°C.
Плотность и/или относительная плотность: 1,06 г/м при 25°C (лит.)
Молекулярный вес: 897,76
Молекулярная формула: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7.
Канонические УЛЫБКИ: C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=NC(=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N)N)Cl.C(C( C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O
ИнЧИ: ИнХИ=1S/C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4- 14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18
2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31 ,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34);2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t;2*2-,3-,4+, 5-/м.11/с1
InChIKey: YZIYKJHYYHPJIB-UUPCJSQJSA-N
Точка кипения: 699,3 °C при 760 мм рт.ст.
Температура плавления: 134 °С.
Температура вспышки: 376,7°C
Чистота: ≥95%
Плотность: 1,060 г/мл при 25 °C.
Растворимость: растворим в ДМСО, воде.
Внешний вид: Порошок
Хранение: Хранить при -20°C.
ЕИНЭКС: 242-354-0
Код ТН ВЭД: 3004909090
Лог Р: -0,70240
лей: MFCD00083599
ПСА: 444,48
Название продукта: глюконат хлоргексидина.
Номер CAS: 18472-51-0

Молекулярная формула: C22H30Cl2N10.2C6H12O7.
InChIKeys: InChIKey=KUXUALPOSMRJSW-IFWQJVLJSA-N
Молекулярный вес: 897,75700
Точная масса: 896,32000
Код HS: 3004909090
ПСА: 444,48000
XLogP3: -0,70240
Внешний вид: Прозрачная жидкость от бесцветного до бледно-желтого цвета.
Плотность: 1,06 (20% водн.)
Точка плавления: 134°C
Точка кипения: 699,3°C при 760 мм рт. ст.
Температура вспышки: 376,7°C
Условия хранения: 2-8°C
Давление пара: 0 мм рт.ст. при 25°C.
Цвет: Бесцветный
Плотность: 1,06 г/мл
Процентный диапазон анализа: 20% мас./об. водн. раствор.
Чувствительность: светочувствительная

Формула Вес: 897,76
Концентрация или состав: 20% водного раствора по весу/объему. раствор.
Физическая форма: Жидкость
Химическое название или материал: диглюконат хлоргексидина, нестерильный.
Форма: Жидкость
Другое торговое название: 1,6-бис(4-хлорфенилбигуанидо)гексан.
Молекулярная формула: C22H30CL2N10.
Молекулярный вес: 505,446
Спец. Нет: PR/CHG/18/11-00.
№ КАС. : 55-56-1
№ ООН: 3077
Класс : 9
Группа упаковки: III
Внешний вид: Бесцветная или бледно-желтая жидкость.
Анализ (%): 19 - 21
Общая примесь (%): 3,0 макс.
Поглощение при 480 нм: максимум 0,03.
Относительная плотность при 20 ℃ : 1,06–1,07.
pH (5% в воде): 5,5 – 7,0



МЕРЫ ПЕРВОЙ ПОМОЩИ ХГГ 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ):
-Описание мер первой помощи:
*Общие советы:
Покажите этот паспорт безопасности материала лечащему врачу.
*При вдыхании:
После ингаляции:
Свежий воздух.
*При попадании на кожу:
Немедленно снимите всю загрязненную одежду.
Промойте кожу водой/душем.
*В случае зрительного контакта:
После зрительного контакта:
Промойте большим количеством воды.
Немедленно вызвать офтальмолога.
Снимите контактные линзы.
*При проглатывании:
После глотания:
Немедленно дайте пострадавшему выпить воды (максимум два стакана).
Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.
-Указание на необходимость немедленной медицинской помощи и специального лечения:
Данные недоступны



МЕРЫ ПРИ СЛУЧАЙНОМ ВЫБРОСЕ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА):
-Экологические меры предосторожности:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.
-Методы и материалы для локализации и очистки:
Закройте дренажи.
Соберите, свяжите и откачайте пролитую жидкость.
Соблюдайте возможные ограничения по материалам.
Собрать материалом, впитывающим жидкость.
Утилизируйте должным образом.
Очистите пораженный участок.



МЕРЫ ПОЖАРОТУШЕНИЯ ЧГ 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ):
-Средства пожаротушения:
*Подходящие средства пожаротушения:
Используйте меры тушения, соответствующие местным обстоятельствам и окружающей среде.
*Неподходящие средства пожаротушения:
Для этого вещества/смеси не установлены ограничения по огнетушащим веществам.
-Дальнейшая информация:
Подавить (сбить) газы/пары/туманы струей воды.
Не допускайте попадания воды для пожаротушения в поверхностные воды или систему грунтовых вод.



КОНТРОЛЬ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ/ПЕРСОНАЛЬНАЯ ЗАЩИТА CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ):
-Параметры управления:
--Ингредиенты с параметрами контроля на рабочем месте:
-Средства контроля воздействия:
--Средства индивидуальной защиты:
*Защита глаз/лица:
Используйте средства защиты глаз
Плотно прилегающие защитные очки
*Защита кожи:
Работайте в перчатках.
Вымойте и высушите руки.
Полный контакт:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
Всплеск контакта:
Материал: Нитриловый каучук.
Минимальная толщина слоя: 0,11 мм.
Время прорыва: 480 мин.
*Защита тела:
защитная одежда
*Защита органов дыхания:
Рекомендуемый тип фильтра: Тип фильтра ABEK
-Контроль воздействия на окружающую среду:
Не допускайте попадания продукта в канализацию.



ОБРАЩЕНИЕ И ХРАНЕНИЕ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИНА ГЛЮКОНАТА):
-Условия безопасного хранения, включая любые несовместимости:
*Условия хранения:
Плотно закрыто.
* Стабильность хранения:
Рекомендуемая температура хранения: 2–8 °C.
Светочувствительный.
*Класс хранения
Класс хранения (TRGS 510): 12:
Негорючие жидкости



СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ И РЕАКЦИОННАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ CHG 20 % (ХЛОРГЕКСИДИН ГЛЮКОНАТ):
-Реактивность:
Данные недоступны
-Химическая стабильность:
Продукт химически стабилен при стандартных условиях окружающей среды (комнатная температура).
-Условия, чтобы избежать:
Нет доступной информации



СИНОНИМЫ:
(1E)-2-[6-[[амино-[(E)-[амино-(4-хлоранилино)метилиден]амино]метилиден]амино]гексил]-1-[амино-(4-хлоранилино)метилиден]гуанидин
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-пентагидроксигексановая кислота
Хлоргексидина биглюконат
CHG
Бис(п-хлорфенил)дигуанидогексан диглюконат, 1,6-бис(N5-[п-хлорфенил]-N1-бигуанидо)гексан
1,1'-Гексаметиленбис(5-[п-хлорфенил]бигуанид)
Хлоргексидина биглюконат
Хлоргексидина глюконат
Гибикленс
Перидекс
Унисепт
Хлоргексидина D-диглюконат
Эксидин
Периогард; N,N''''-1,6-гександиилбис[N'-(4-хлорфенил)(имидодикарбонимидидиамид)] D-глюконовая кислота (1:2)
1,6-бис(4-хлорфенилдигуанино)гексан диглюконат
1,1'-Гексаметиленбис(5-[п-хлорфенил]бигуанид)
Бис(п-хлорфенил)дигуанидогексан диглюконат
D-Глюконовая кислота, комп. с N1,N14-бис(4-хлорфенил)-3,12-диимино-2,4,11,13-тетраазатетрадекандиимимидом (2:1)
Глюконовая кислота, комп. с 1,1'-гексаметиленбис[5-(п-хлорфенил)бигуанидом] (2:1),D-
D-Глюконовая кислота, комп. с N,N''-бис(4-хлорфенил)-3,12-диимино-2,4,11,13-тетраазатетрадекандиимидамидом (2:1)
D-Глюконовая кислота, комп. с 1,1'-гексаметиленбис[5-(п-хлорфенил)бигуанидом] (2:1)
Бигуанид, 1,1'-гексаметиленбис[5-(п-хлорфенил)-,ди-D-глюконат
2,4,11,13-Тетраазатетрадекандиимидамид,N,N''-бис(4-хлорфенил)-3,12-диимино-,ди-D-глюконат
1,6-бис(4-хлорфенилдигуанино)гексан диглюконат
Хлоргексидина биглюконат
1,6-бис(п-хлорфенилдигуанидо)гексан диглюконат
Бис(п-хлорфенил)дигуанидогексан диглюконат
Хлоргексидина глюконат
1,6-Бис[N5-(п-хлорфенил)бигуанидо]гексан диглюконат
1,1'-Гексаметиленбис[5-(п-хлорфенил)бигуанид]диглюконат
Хлоргексидина ди-D-глюконат
Гибискраб
Арлацид Г
Дистерил
Абацил
Корсодил
Хибитан
Септил
Перидекс
Хибитан 5
Перидекс (антисептик)
Хлоргексидина биглюконат
гексидин
Гибисол
Маскин
Маскин Р.
Манусан
СИ 1007
Бетасепт
Гибистат
Гексикон
Дезинфицирующая жидкость для сосков Blue Ribbon
Стерилон
хлоргексамед
Ротерепт
Хибитал
Фисо-Мед
Место выхода
Гибидил
Унисепт
Бактикленс
Гингисан
Секалан
ПериоЧип
Ахдез 3000
CHG Решение BP
Орамед
Гексикон
Хибитан G
Пермахем CL 40
Хлорапреп
Антисептол
Пурит
гексана
Акклин
Медигекс-4
Дентохлор
105791-72-8
124973-71-3
12068-31-4
14007-07-9
21293-24-3
23289-58-9
40330-16-3
51365-13-0
52196-45-9
52387-19-6
60042-57-1
60404-86-6
82432-16-4
452971-25-4
150621-85-5
151498-43-0
227749-99-7
230296-52-3
906339-38-6
(1E)-2-[6-[[амино-[(E)-[амино-(4-хлоранилино)метилиден]амино]метилиден]амино]гексил]-1-[амино-(4-хлоранилино)метилиден]гуанидин
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-пентагидроксигексановая кислота;сульфан

Chlorine dioxide; Chlorine oxide; JUN-CLARE; Alcide; alcide[qr]; Anthium dioxcide; anthiumdioxcide; anthiumdioxcide[qr]; chlorindioxide; Chlorine oxide (ClO2); Chlorine(IV) oxide; chlorine(iv)oxide; chlorine(iv)oxide[qr]; chlorineoxide(clo2); chlorineoxide[qr]; chlorineperoxide; chlorineperoxide[qr]; chloroperoxyl; chloroperoxyl[qr]; Chloryl radical CAS NO:10049-04-4

Chlorine(IV) dioxide CAS:10049-04-4

Chlorine(IV) dioxide CAS:10049-04-4

Tosylchloramide sodium; Tosilcloramida sodica; Aktiven; Chloraseptine; Tochlorine; tolamine; Chlorazene; Chlorazone; Clorina; Halamid; Mianine; (N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido) sodium; Sodium p-Toluenesulfonchloramide; p-Toluenesulfonchloramide Sodium Salt; N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt; Tosylchloramidnatrium; Tosylchloramide sodique; N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, sodium salt; Sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramine; Sodium N-chloro-para-toluenesulfonamidate CAS NO:127-65-1 (Anhydrous) CAS NO: 7080-50-4 (Trihydrate)

Tosylchloramide sodium; Tosilcloramida sodica; Aktiven; Chloraseptine; Tochlorine; tolamine; Chlorazene; Chlorazone; Clorina; Halamid; Mianine; (N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido) sodium; Sodium p-Toluenesulfonchloramide; p-Toluenesulfonchloramide Sodium Salt; N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt; Tosylchloramidnatrium; Tosylchloramide sodique; N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, sodium salt; Sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramine; Sodium N-chloro-para-toluenesulfonamidate CAS NO:127-65-1 (Anhydrous) CAS NO: 7080-50-4 (Trihydrate)

HET anhydride; 1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride 1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachlorobicyclo[2.2.1]-5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride 4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-Methanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione Perchlorobicyclo[2.2.1]-5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride CAS NO:115-27-5

CHLORHEXIDINE, N° CAS : 55-56-1, Nom INCI : CHLORHEXIDINE, Nom chimique : 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-; Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-238-7, Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,3 % (en chlorhéxidine). Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes, Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection), Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Noms français : Chlorhexidine. Noms anglais : Chlorhexidin; Chlorhexidine [Wiki] 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino- 200-238-7 [EINECS] 2826432 [Beilstein] 55-56-1 [RN] Chlorhexidin [Czech] chlorhexidine [French] Chlorhexidine base Chlorhexidinum [Latin] clorhexidina [Spanish] Diamide N,N''''-1,6-hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophényl)(imidodicarbonimidique)] [French] MFCD00009673 [MDL number] N,N''''-1,6-Hexandiylbis[N'-(4-chlorphenyl)(imidodikohlenstoffimiddiamid)] [German] N,N''''-1,6-Hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] N,N''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] хлоргексидин [Russian] كلورهيكسيدين [Arabic] 氯己定 [Chinese] BIOSCRUB BRIAN CARE CIDA-STAT EXIDINE [Wiki] E-Z SCRUB Hibispray MICRODERM Oro-Clense PERIOCHIP PERIOGARD [Wiki] PHARMASEAL SCRUB CARE PREVACARE R Savloclens Savlon Babycare Sterido STERI-STAT Superspray (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]amino]methylene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]guanidine (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine (E)-1-[(E)-{AMINO[(4-CHLOROPHENYL)AMINO]METHYLIDENE}AMINO]-N`-{6-[(E)-{AMINO[(E)-{AMINO[(4-CHLOROPHENYL)AMINO]METHYLIDENE}AMINO]METHYLIDENE}AMINO]HEXYL}METHANIMIDAMIDE [55-56-1] {[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]iminomethyl}{[(6-{[({[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]iminomethy l}amino)iminomethyl]amino}hexyl)amino]iminomethyl}amine {[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]iminomethyl}{[(6-{[({[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]iminomethyl}amino)iminomethyl]amino}hexyl)amino]iminomethyl}amine 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[N-[6-[[N-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]carbamimidoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamimidoyl]guanidine 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] 1,1′-(Hexane-1,6-diyl)bis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] diacetate 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide) 1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] 1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane 1,6-bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanidino)hexane 1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane 1,6-Bis(N5-p-chlorophenyl-N'-diguanido)hexane 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane 1,6-Bis[N'-(p-chlorophenyl)-N5-biguanido]hexane 1,6-Di(4'-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane 1,6-DI(N-P-CHLOROPHENYL-DIGUANIDO) HEXANE 1,6-Di(N-p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane 118-75-2 [RN] 2,4,11,13-tetraazatetadecanediimidamide 2-[6-[[amino-[[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine 200-302-4 [EINECS] 4-12-00-01201 [Beilstein] 56-95-1 [RN] Betasept [] Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)- CHLORANIL chlorhexamed forte Chlorhexidin Chlorhexidin [Czech] Chlorhexidine diacetate salt Chlorhexidine diacetate salt hydrate Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride chlorhexidine standard Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidinum Chlorhexidinum [INN-Latin] chlorohex Chlorohexidine Cloresidina Cloresidina [DCIT] Clorhexidina Clorhexidina [INN-Spanish] clorhexidine consepsis Corsodyl [] DB00878 disodium 3-oxododecanal sulfide DYNA-HEX ebur os Eludril Exidine Fimeil Hexadol Hexadol Hexamethylenebis(5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide) hexident Hibiclens [] [Wiki] Hibidil [] Hibidil Hibiscrub [] Hibiscrub HIBISTAT hibitane [] Hibitane MFCD00012532 [MDL number] MFCD29505384 Microderm N-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1-{N`-[6-(N-{[N`-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)CARBAMIMIDAMIDO]METHANIMIDOYL}AMINO)HEXYL]CARBAMIMIDAMIDO}METHANIMIDAMIDE N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-3-(6-{N-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidoyl]amino}hexyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidamide N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradeca- nediimidamide N,N''-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] NOLVASAN [Wiki] Oro-Clense PAROEX Perichlor Peridex [] Periogard Oral Rinse Periogard Oral Rinse Pharmaseal Scrub Care Prevacare R promax Rotersept [] Rotersept SORETOL STERILON [] Sterilon Tubulicid

CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE, N° CAS : 56-95-1 - Diacétate de chlorhexidine, Nom INCI : CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE, Nom chimique : N,N'-bis(4-Chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine di(acetate), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-302-4, Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, La diactétate de Chlorhexidine est un sel de la Chlorhexidine utilisée en cosmétique en tant que conservateur.Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes, Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection), Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Chlorhexidine diacetate 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide) 200-302-4 [EINECS] 56-95-1 [RN] 5908ZUF22Y Acide acétique - diamide N,N''''-1,6-hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophényl)(imidodicarbonimidique)] (2:1) [French] CHLORASEPT 2000 [] Chlorhexidine acetate chlorzoin [] DU1930000 Imidodicarbonimidic diamide, N,N''''-1,6-hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)-, acetate (1:2) [ACD/Index Name] MFCD00012532 [MDL number] N,N''''-1,6-Hexandiylbis[N'-(4-chlorphenyl)(imidodikohlenstoffimiddiamid)]acetat (1:2) [German] N,N''''-1,6-Hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] acetate (1:2) N,N''''-Hexane-1,6-diylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] acetate (1:2) UNII-5908ZUF22Y (E)-1-[(E)-{AMINO[(4-CHLOROPHENYL)AMINO]METHYLIDENE}AMINO]-N`-{6-[(E)-{AMINO[(E)-{AMINO[(4-CHLOROPHENYL)AMINO]METHYLIDENE}AMINO]METHYLIDENE}AMINO]HEXYL}METHANIMIDAMIDE [amino-[[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]-[6-[amino-[[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]azaniumylhexyl]azanium {[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]iminomethyl}{[(6-{[({[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]iminomethyl}amino)iminomethyl]amino}hexyl)amino]iminomethyl}amine, acetic acid, acetic acid 1,1?-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide) 1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) diacetate 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) diacetate 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), diacetate 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)diacetate 1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane diacetate 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenylbiguanido)hexane diacetate 1,6-Di(4'-chlorophenyldiguanidino)hexane diacetate 2,2'-hexane-1,6-diylbis(1-{(E)-amino[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene}guanidine) acetate (1:2) 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, diacetate (9CI) 200-238-7 [EINECS] 206986-79-0 [RN] 55-56-1 [RN] acetic acid and 2-[6-[[amino-[[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine Arlacide A Bactigras Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, diacetate BIS(ACETIC ACID) Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanidohexane) diacetate chlorhexidine acatate Chlorhexidine acetate (VAN) Chlorhexidine acetate hydrate(1:2:x) Chlorhexidine di(acetate) chlorhexidine diacatate Chlorhexidine diacetate hydrate Chlorhexidine diacetate salt Chlorhexidine Gluconate 20% chlorhexidineacetate Chlorohexidine diacetate diacetate Hibitane diacetate N-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1-{N`-[6-(N-{[N`-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)CARBAMIMIDAMIDO]METHANIMIDOYL}AMINO)HEXYL]CARBAMIMIDAMIDO}METHANIMIDAMIDE; BIS(ACETIC ACID) N-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-N'-({[6-(N'-{[(4-CHLOROPHENYL)AMINO](IMINIO)METHYL}CARBAMIMIDAMIDO)HEXYL]AMINO}(IMINIO)METHYL)GUANIDINE DIACETATE N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradeca- nediimidamide, diacetate N,N''-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide Diacetate N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] diacetate

CHLORHEXIDINE DIUNDECYLENATE, N° CAS : 1884575-91-0., Nom INCI : CHLORHEXIDINE DIUNDECYLENATE, Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes, Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables, Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

SYNONYMS Peridex®; Periochip®, Periogard Oral Rinse®; 1,1'-Hexam ethylene bis(5- (p-chlorophenyl) biguanide) digluconate; 1,6-Bis(5-(p- chlorophenyl) biguandino)hexane digluconate; Arlacide G; Bacticlens; Hibitane 5; Orahexal; Peridex; D-Gluconsäure, N,N''-Bis (4-chlorphenyl) -3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraazatetradecan diamidin (German); ácido D-glucónico, N,N''-bis (4-clorofenil)- 3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraazatetradecanodiamidina (Spanish), Acide D-gluconique, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophényl)- 3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tétraazatétradécanediamidine (French); D-Gluconic acid, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12- diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraaza tetradecanediimidamide (2:1); CAS NO 18472-51-0

SYNONYMS Peridex®; Periochip®, Periogard Oral Rinse®; 1,1'-Hexam ethylene bis(5- (p-chlorophenyl) biguanide) digluconate; 1,6-Bis(5-(p- chlorophenyl) biguandino)hexane digluconate; Arlacide G; Bacticlens; Hibitane 5; Orahexal; Peridex; D-Gluconsäure, N,N''-Bis (4-chlorphenyl) -3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraazatetradecan diamidin (German); ácido D-glucónico, N,N''-bis (4-clorofenil)- 3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraazatetradecanodiamidina (Spanish), Acide D-gluconique, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophényl)- 3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tétraazatétradécanediamidine (French); D-Gluconic acid, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12- diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraaza tetradecanediimidamide (2:1); CAS NO 18472-51-0

SYNONYMS 1,1'-Hexam ethylene bis(5- (p-chlorophenyl) biguanide) digluconate; 1,6-Bis(5-(p- chlorophenyl) biguandino)hexane digluconate; Arlacide G; Bacticlens; Hibitane 5; Orahexal; Peridex; D-Gluconsäure, N,N''-Bis (4-chlorphenyl) -3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraazatetradecan diamidin (German); ácido D-glucónico, N,N''-bis (4-clorofenil)- 3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraazatetradecanodiamidina (Spanish), Acide D-gluconique, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophényl)- 3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13- tétraazatétradécanediamidine (French); D-Gluconic acid, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12- diimino-2,4,11,13- tetraaza tetradecanediimidamide (2:1); CAS NO :18472-51-0

Chlorinated paraffins; Chlorowax; Adekacizer; Cerechlor; Chlorinated paraffin waxes; Chlorinated hydrocarbon waxes; Chlorinated wax; Chloroflo; Chloroparaffine; Chlorowax; Clorafin; Crechlor; Creclor CAS NO:63449-39-8

CHLORINATED PARAFFIN (Chlorinated Paraffin, CP, Klorlu Parafin) PRODUCT CPW 50/52 PROPERTIES STANDARD METHOD Chemical Name Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) CP 50/52 - Appearance Clear light yellow liquid - Chlorine Content 50-52% IF 14426-A Specific Gravity (25 °C) 1.28 ± 0.2gr / cm3 ASTM D 4052-96 Viscosity (25 °C) Poise * 12-20 ASTM D 445 Thermal Stability (4h, 175 °C), Max 0.15 % HCl IF 14426-D Appearance: white powder Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is non-poisonous, non-inflammable low volatility, and high insulativity. It can be used as flame retardants and plasticizer. Widely used in the production of cable materials, floor, panel , shoes, rubber and other products. It also can be applied in coatings and lubricating oil additive. Antisum, damp-proof and preventing overheating are required during storage. Name and Chemical formula: CnH2n+2-yCly (%Cl=50-52) ISO 9001: 2000 ISO 14001 Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes. The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17). Depending on chain length and chlorine content, CPs are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions ( 2 % isoparaffins, 100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C. The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light. CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen. Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures. Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods. CPs are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia. In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s were produced in 2007. Product Name: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) CPW 50/52 Recommend of use: Plasticizers and flame retardant additive and Solvent CAS No: 85535-84-8 Chemical formula: CnH2n+2-yCly (%Cl=50-52) Ingredient: % 50-52 Chlorine, Liquid CPW Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CPW) / TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION S.No. PARAMETER TEST METHOD UNIT SPECIFICATION 1 Appearance - - Pale Yellow Liquid 2 Color ASTM D1045 Hazen 125 Max 3 Chlorine Content IS-14426 % 50-52 4 Density @270C ASTM D1045 gr/cm3 1.29+-0.1 5 Thermal Stability IS-14426 % 0.1 Max 6 Acidity IS-14426 % 0.1 Max 7 Viscosity @270C ASTM D445 cst 500-1000 Chlorine Paraffin (CPW) Chlorine paraffin is used as a secondary plasticizer in PVC processes. It shows plasticizer characteristics. Because it is economical, it provides savings relative to primary plasticizers. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s have no characteristic mild and unpleasant smell. The odor is likely due to small amounts of relative low molecular mass with small but measurable vapor pressure. The carbon chain length and chlorine content of paraffin determine the chemical and physical properties of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin). It increases in carbon chain length and chlorination degrees of certain paraffins increase viscosity and density, but reduces volatility. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s normally contain stabilizers that are added to prevent degradation. Common stabilizers include epoxidized esters and epoxided compounds such as soybean oils, pentaeritritol, thymol, urea, acetonitriles, and organic phosphates. Chlorine Paraffin Which Areas Used The areas where chlorine paraffin can be used are as follows: It is used in vinyl and acrylic paints As a non-flammable plasticizer in PVC formulations, It is used as a high pressure additive in lubricants as a burn retardant additive in cable cases. It is used as working fluid in metal processing Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), General specification: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is manufactured by the chlorination of n-paraffin or paraffin wax, normally in a batch process. The reaction is exothermic and leads to the generation of the by-product hydrochloric acid. After removing residual traces of acid, a stabilizer is added to produce finished batches. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), Applications: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) uses for replacing the main plastics Dioxyl Phthalate-Dioxo-Acetyl Phthalate Expansion and Plasticizers in the processing of vinyl polymers, auxiliary polymers and chlorinated tires of neoprene Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is an additives in lubricating oils and industrial oils such as oils in rollers, CP is use as drawing of refractory materials, production of PVC films, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) also use for making artificial leather production, rubber industry, cable sheathing, flexible PVC pipes production, and production of marine paints. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is a plasticizer largely used in PVC. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is used as an additive in industrial lubricants like gear oil as a fire retardant chemical additive. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is used as plasticizers in paint sealants and adhesives. The main advantage over other alternatives is inertness and it enhances flame retardant properties. Cpw with high chlorine content is used as flame retardants in a wide range of rubbers and polymer systems. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is also used in formulation of metal working lubricants as they are one of the most effective extreme pressure additives for lubricants used in a wide range of machining and engineering operations. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), Packing: Our Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is packed in 220 kg plastic drums, shrink and palletize. We can offer Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) in customized packing, as well. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), export destinations: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), mostly offered by customers who are manufacturing the best quality PVC, Leather, Cable making, Marine Paints. So, we are exporting Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) to African, European, South American, East Asian countries. Our Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is producing, packing and exporting to mention above destinations, under Iran Chemical Mine authorization by the best Iranian Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) raw materials in accordance with ASTM standard. For taking updated price for Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) and knowing more about further details, please contact us by our contact lines/email. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), technical Specification CP grade cp 50 Chlorine content 50-52% Appearance pale yellow liquid Colour in hazen unit 120 Specific gr. At 30 c 1. 26-1. 28 Viscosity at 25 c in poise 13-18 Thermal stability at 180 c for 1 hour pale yellow to light yellow Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes. The chlorination degree of CPs can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into short-chain CPs (SCCPs, C10–13), medium-chain CPs (MCCPs, C14–17) and long-chain CPs (LCCPs, C>17). Depending on chain length and chlorine content, CPs are colorless or yellowish liquids or solids. Contents 1 Production of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) 2 Industrial applications of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) 3 Safety of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) 4 References 5 Sources 6 Further reading 7 External links Production of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions (<2 % isoparaffins, <100 ppm aromatics) at a temperature of 80–100 °C.[2] The radical substitution may be promoted by UV-light.[3][1] CxH(2x+2) + y Cl2 → CxH(2x−y+2)Cly + y HCl When the desired degree of chlorination is achieved, residues of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are blown off with nitrogen. Epoxidized vegetable oil, glycidyl ether or organophosphorous compounds may be added to the final product for improved stability at high temperatures.[4][5] Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers[6] which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods.[7] CPs are produced in Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Asia.[8] In China, where most of the world production capacity is located, 600,000 tons of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s were produced in 2007.[9] Production and use volumes of CPs exceeded 1,000,000 tons in 2013.[10] Industrial applications Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) Production of CPs for industrial use started in the 1930s.[11] Currently, over 200 CP formulations are in use for a wide range of industrial applications, such as flame retardants and plasticisers, as additives in metal working fluids, in sealants, paints, adhesives, textiles, leather fat and coatings.[12][1] Safety Short-chain CPs are classified as persistent and their physical properties (octanol-water partition coefficient (logKOW) 4.4–8, depending on the chlorination degree) imply a high potential for bioaccumulation. Furthermore, SCCPs are classified as toxic to aquatic organisms, and carcinogenic to rats and mice. Therefore, it was concluded that SCCPs have PBT and vPvB properties and they were added to the Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation under REACH Regulation.[13] SCCPs (average chain length of C12, chlorination degree 60 wt%) were categorised in group 2B as possibly carcinogenic to humans from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).[14] In 2017, it was agreed to globally ban SCCPs under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, effective December 2018. However, also MCCPs are toxic to the aquatic environment and persistent; MCCPs in soil, biota, and most of the sediment cores show increasing time trends over the last years to decades; MCCP concentrations in sediment close to local sources exceed toxicity thresholds such as the PNEC. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) – is a complex chemical substance of polychlorinated n-alkanes used in multiple applications across diverse industries. The chlorination degree of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) can vary between 30 and 70 wt%. CPs are subdivided according to their carbon chain length into : Short-chain C10-C13 Medium-chain C14-C17 Long-chain C>17 Depending on chain length and chlorine content, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) are colourless or yellowish liquids or solids Production Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are synthesized for industrial by reaction of chlorine gas with unbranched paraffin fractions at a temperature of 80–100 °C since the 1930s. Commercial products have been classified as substances of unknown or variable composition. CPs are complex mixtures of chlorinated n-alkanes containing thousands of homologues and isomers which are not completely separated by standard analytical methods. USES The main application for Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) is as a flame retardant. When exposed to high temperatures, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) releases a substantial amount of HCI. In its condensed phase, HCI contributes to the formation of char. In its vapor phase, it can function as a flame poison. Currently, over 200 formulations as Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) are in use for a wide range of industrial applications as: plasticizer: CP is used in some types of flooring, wire and cable insulation, and garden hose. paints – sealants – coatings : In traffic markings paint and marine applications, such as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels, swimming pools, etc. adhesives, caulks, plastics, coolant or lubricant in metal working fluids, additives, textiles, leather fat, coating, upholsteryfurniture, flooring. Benefits of using Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) Overall Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) offers: Flame-retardant low-cost solution for a wide range of applications. Greater flexibility at lower temperatures than conventional plasticizers. Improved resistance to both water and chemicals. Improved stain resistance. Viscosity regulation for PVC plastisols stability during dip and rotational molding. Lubricant for metal surface during cleaning of metal parts. The cleaning process eliminates contaminants like grease and oil, it can also remove plasticizers that are required for an effective formulation. handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (CP) globally. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are a class of chemicals used for a variety of applications. They can be classified according to the length of their chlorine chains, and commercial formulations may include a mix of compounds in this class. CAS 106232-86-4 is considered a Long Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) (LCCP), with 24 chlorine atoms. The long form is less environmentally sensitive than short-length varieties. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is largely inert, almost insoluble in water, and flame retardant. It can function as a plasticizing additive to for metal lubricants and cutting fluids, plastics, rubber, paint, adhesives, and more. Most of the world’s Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) is produced in China. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are slowly absorbed by the dermal route in Sprague-Dawley rats. Two (14)C-labeled Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, C18;50-53% Cl (CP-LH) and C28;47% Cl (CP-LL), were applied to rat skin (5-7 animals of each sex) at a concentration of 66 mg/sq cm, approximately equivalent to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Only 0.7% (males) and 0.6% (females) of the C18 dose was absorbed after 96 hr. Only 0.02% of the C28 dose was absorbed in males whereas in females the level was not detectable. This indicates that increasing chain length leads to decreased permeability. Of the absorbed C18 dose, 40% was exhaled as (14)C-labeled CO2, and 20% was excreted in urine and 20% in feces. /Long chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s/ The absorption of two Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s through human skin has been studied in vitro. There was no absorption of Cereclor S52 (C14-19;52% Cl, CP-MH) following a 54-hr application to the surface of the epidermal membranes using five different receptor media. Similarly, using Cereclor 56L (C10-13; 56% Cl, CP-SH; 18.5% w/w solution in a typical cutting oil) no absorption was detected for 7 hr, but after 23 hr a slow but steady rate of absorption was detected (e.g., 0.05 +/- 0.01 ug/sq cm per hr +/- SEM; n = 6; receptor medium PEG-20 oleyl ether in saline), which was maintained for the duration of the experiment (56 hr). Owing to the anticipated low rate of absorption, the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) samples were spiked with [(14)C] n-pentadecane and [(14)C] n-undecane for Cereclor S52 and 56L, respectively, in order to facilitate detection of the absorbed material. Measurement of the (14)C-alkanes was taken as a surrogate for the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, on the assumption that their rates of absorption were similar. Female C57Bl mice were administered 12.5 MBq/kg body weight (340 uCi) (for autoradiography) or 1.25 MBq/kg body weight (34 uCi) (for determination of radioactivity) of (14)C-labeled chlorododecanes (C12) with different chlorine contents (17.5% [CP-SL], 55.9% [CP-SH] and 68.5% [CP-SH]) either by gavage or intravenous injection. Uptake of radioactivity was found by autoradiography to be highest in tissues with high cell turnover/high metabolic activity, e.g., intestinal mucosa, bone marrow, salivary glands, thymus and liver. The highest radioactivity was achieved with the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) that had the lowest chlorine content. It was found that the long period of retention of heptane-soluble radioactivity, which indicated unmetabolized substance, in liver and fat after oral dosing increased with degree of chlorination. In this study it was also found that 30 to 60 days after injection of C12;17.5% Cl and C12;55.9% Cl a considerable retention of radioactivity was seen in the central nervous system. Exposure of late gestation mice showed a transplacental passage of radioactivity, and (14)C-labeling was primarily noted in the liver, brown fat and intestine of the fetuses. /short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/ (14)C-Labeled [1-(14)C]polychlorohexadecane (C16;34.1% Cl, CP-ML) was given to C57Bl mice either by gavage (females) or intravenously (both sexes) at a radioactivity level of 370 kBq/animal (10 uCi) (corresponding to 0.44 umol of the Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)). No difference in the distribution patterns was found between the oral and intravenous administration routes. After analysis by autoradiography a high level of radioactivity was found in tissues with a high cell turnover rate and/or high metabolic activity, and lower levels could be seen in the white fat depots. High levels of radioactivity were observed in the liver, kidneys, spleen, bone marrow, brown fat, intestinal mucosa, pancreas, salivary gland and the Harderian gland 24 hr after intravenous injection. After 12 days high levels of radioactivity were seen in the adrenal cortex, abdominal fat and in the bile. Later after injection (30 days), prominent radiolabeling of the brain was found which was as high as in the liver. The Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) was also administered intravenously to pregnant mice, and uptake of radioactivity in the fetuses was observed. When the mice were administered on day 10 of pregnancy no tissue-specific localization was found, but after administration in late pregnancy (day 17) the distribution pattern after 6 hr was similar to that of adult mice when examined 24 hr after administration. /Intermediate chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/ /It was/ demonstrated that inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) affect the rate of degradation of (14)C-labeled polychlorinated dodecanes (C12) containing 68.5% (CP-SH), 55.9% (CP-SH) and 17.4% Cl (CP-SL) to (14)CO2 in exposed C57Bl mice. Pretreatment with the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide decreased the amount of (14)CO2 formed, and the decrease was more pronounced with increasing degree of chlorination. The inhibitor metyrapone decreased the exhalation of (14)CO2 but was only investigated in mice exposed to C12;68.5% Cl. The cytochrome P-450 (CYP2B1; CYP2B2) inducer, phenobarbital, moderately increased the rate of (14)CO2 formation from Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) with 68% Cl, whereas the P-448 (CYP1A1; CYP1A2) inducer, 3-methylcholanthrene, did not affect the degradation rate, indicating a cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of chlorinated dodecanes yielding (14)CO2. /Short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/ CHEMICAL PROFILE: Chlorinate paraffins: Major uses: Metal working fluids and lubricants, 50 percent; plastics additives, 20 percent; rubber, 12 percent; coatings, 9 percent; caulks, sealants and adhesives, 6 percent; miscellaneous, 3 percent. Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s represent the largest production and use category in North America (46 percent). Long-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are second (33 percent) and, Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s account for the rest (21 percent). "Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s" is the collective name given to industrial products prepared be chlorination of straight-chain paraffins or wax fractions. The carbon length of commercial products is usually between C10 - C30 and the chlorine content between 20-70 weight%. ... They are complex mixtures of many molecular species differing in the lengths of their carbon chains and in the number and relative positions of chlorine atoms present on each carbon chain. Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of a commercial Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) product of average carbon-chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination 60% in experimental animals. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of a commercial Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin) product of average carbon-chain length C23 and average degree of chlorination 43% in experimental animals. No data were available from studies in humans on the carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s. Overall evaluation: Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s of average carbon-chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination approximately 60% are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The eye irritation potential of three different Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, C10-13;65% Cl(CP-SH), which contained either 2.5 or 2% of two different additives or 0.7% of an epoxy stabilizer, was tested in two studies. Either 0.1 mL or "one drop" of the chloroparaffin was instilled into one conjunctival sac of groups of three rabbits. Similar results were reported for all three formulations: practically no initial pain (2 on a 6-point scale) was noted. Slight irritation (3 on a 8-point scale), shown by redness and chemosis (only noted in the formulation containing the epoxy stabilizer) of the conjunctiva with some discharge, lasted for 24 hr. One drop of 52% or 40% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s, containing unspecified additives or 1% epoxy stabilizer, was also tested. With the 52% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), slight immediate irritation was followed by slight redness of the conjunctiva which lasted for 24 hr. With the 40% Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin), mild congestion was noted at 1 hr but no effects were seen at 24 hr. /Short chain length Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)/ Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) ... were conducted by administering the chemical in corn oil by gavage to groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex, 5 days per week for 103 wk. Additional groups of 10 rats per sex and dose were examined at 6 and at 12 months. Male rats received doses of 0, 1,875, or 3,750 mg/kg body weight; female rats were given 0, 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg. Male and female mice received 0, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg. Doses selected for the 2 yr studies were based on the results from 13 wk studies in which rats of each sex received 0 to 3,750 mg/kg, and mice of each sex, 0 to 7,500 mg/kg. Under the conditions of these 2 yr gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for male F344/N rats given 1,875 or 3,750 mg/kg per day. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for female F344/N rats as shown by an increased incidence of adrenal gland medullary pheochromocytomas. There was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for male B6C3F1 mice as shown by an increase in the incidence of malignant lymphomas. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s (C23, 43% chlorine) for female B6C3F1 mice as shown by a marginal increase in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s' production and use as extreme pressure lubricants, fire retardant additives and sealants for C10-C13 (50-70% chlorinated), secondary PVC plasticizers for C14-C17 (45-60% chlorinated) and paints, extreme pressure lubricants and fire retardant additives for C20-C30 (40-70% chlorinated) may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure on the order of 2X10-5 mm Hg indicates Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. Vapor-phase Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. Particulate-phase Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Sunlight appears to catalyze the decomposition of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s with the evolution of hydrogen chloride. If released to soil, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to have no mobility based upon estimated Koc values of 5900 to 2.2X10+8. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the low vapor pressure of 2X10-5 mm Hg and extremely low water solubility. Based on limited biodegradation studies, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may biodegrade in soil and water. If released into water, Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the vapor pressure and water solubility. A log BCF of 1.69, and BCF values of 7800 in fresh water fish suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to very high. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are produced or used. Use and monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s via ingestion of food and dermal contact with products containing Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s. (SRC) TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 5900 to 2.2X10+8(SRC), determined from log Kows of 4.4 to 12.8(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicate that Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) based upon the low vapor pressure of 2X10-5 mm Hg and extremely low water solubility(4). Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure(4). Based on limited biodegradation studies Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may biodegrade in soil(5-6). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 573,193 workers (38,354 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s via ingestion of food, and dermal contact with products containing Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s(SRC). Uses of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s : Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and can partially replace primary plasticizers such as phthalates and phosphate esters. The use of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s has the advantage in comparison with conventional plasticizers of both increasing the flexibility of the material as well as increasing its flame retardancy and low-temperature strength. Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s are also used as extreme pressure additives in metal- machining fluids or as metal working lubricants or cutting oils because of their viscous nature, compatibility with oils, and property of releasing hydrochloric acid at elevated temperatures. The hydrochloric acid reacts with metal surfaces to form a thin but strong solid film of metal chloride lubricant. They are added to paints, coatings and sealants to improve resistance to water and chemicals, which is most suitable when they are used in marine paints, as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels and swimming pools (e.g., rubber and chlorinated rubber coatings), and as road marking paints. The flame-retarding properties of highly Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s make them important as additives in plastics, fabrics, paints and coatings. The most effective fire-retardant action is obtained with a high degree of chlorination. By the late 1970s approximately 50% of Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s in the USA was used as extreme pressure lubricant additives in the metal-working industry; 25% was used in plastics and fire-retardant and water- repellant fabric treatments, and the rest was used in paint, rubber, caulks and sealants In the United Kingdom, 65-70% of the consumed Chlorinated Paraffin (CHLORINATED PARAFFIN, CP, Klorlu Parafin)s is used as a secondary plasticizer in PVC, about

Synonyms: chlorine(iv)oxide;chlorine(iv)oxide[qr];chlorineoxide(clo2);chlorineoxide[qr];chlorineperoxide;chlorineperoxide[qr];chloroperoxyl;Alcide CAS: 10049-04-4

CHLORINE DIOXIDE %3 Chlorine dioxide %3 the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with the chlorite ion or hydroxychloroquine. Chlorine dioxide %3 Structural formula of Chlorine dioxide %3 with assorted dimensions Spacefill model of Chlorine dioxide %3 Chlorine dioxide %3 gas and solution.jpg Names IUPAC name Chlorine dioxide %3 Other names Chlorine(IV) oxide Identifiers CAS Number 10049-04-4 ☑ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:29415 ☑ ChemSpider 23251 ☑ ECHA InfoCard 100.030.135 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 233-162-8 E number E926 (glazing agents, ...) Gmelin Reference 1265 MeSH Chlorine+dioxide PubChem CID 24870 RTECS number FO3000000 UNII 8061YMS4RM ☑ UN number 9191 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID5023958 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula ClO2 Molar mass 67.45 g·mol−1 Appearance Yellow to reddish gas Odor Acrid Density 2.757 g dm−3[1] Melting point −59 °C (−74 °F; 214 K) Boiling point 11 °C (52 °F; 284 K) Solubility in water 8 g/L (at 20 °C) Solubility soluble in alkaline and sulfuric acid solutions Vapor pressure >1 atm[2] Henry's law constant (kH) 4.01×10−2 atm m3 mol−1 Acidity (pKa) 3.0(5) Thermochemistry Std molar entropy (So298) 257.22 J K−1 mol−1 Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) 104.60 kJ/mol Hazards Main hazards Acute toxicity Safety data sheet Safety Data Sheet Archive. GHS pictograms GHS03: OxidizingGHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: Toxic GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H271, H314, H330 GHS precautionary statements P210, P220, P280, P283, P260, P264, P271, P284, P301, P330, P331, P311, P306, P360, P304, P340, P305, P351, P338, P371+380+375, P405, P403+233, P501 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 034OX Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose) 94 mg/kg (oral, rat)[3] LCLo (lowest published) 260 ppm (rat, 2 hr)[4] NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible) TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)[2] REL (Recommended) TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3) ST 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3)[2] IDLH (Immediate danger) 5 ppm[2] Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☑ verify (what is ☑☒ ?) Infobox references Chlorine dioxide %3 is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is an oxidizing agent, able to transfer oxygen to a variety of substrates, while gaining one or more electrons via oxidation-reduction (redox). It does not hydrolyze when it enters water, and is usually handled as a dissolved gas in solution in water. Potential hazards with Chlorine dioxide %3 include health concerns, explosiveness and fire ignition.[5] It is commonly used as a bleach. Chlorine dioxide %3 was discovered in 1811 and has been widely used for bleaching purposes in the paper industry, and for treatment of drinking water. More recent developments have extended its application into food processing, disinfection of premises and vehicles, mold eradication, air disinfection and odor control, treatment of swimming pools, dental applications, and wound cleansing. The compound has been fraudulently marketed as an ingestible cure for a wide range of diseases, including childhood autism[6] and COVID-19.[7][8][9] Children who have been given enemas of Chlorine dioxide %3 as a supposed cure for childhood autism have suffered life-threatening ailments.[6] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that ingestion or other internal use of Chlorine dioxide %3 (other than perhaps oral rinsing under dentist supervision) has no health benefits and it should not be used internally for any reason.[10][11] Contents 1 Structure and bonding 2 Preparation 2.1 Oxidation of chlorite 2.2 Reduction of chlorate 2.3 Other processes 3 Handling properties 4 Uses 4.1 Bleaching 4.2 Water treatment 4.3 Use in public crises 4.4 Other disinfection uses 4.5 Pseudomedicine 4.6 Other uses 5 Safety issues in water and supplements 6 References 7 External links Structure and bonding Comparison of three-electron bond to the conventional covalent bond The two resonance structures Chlorine dioxide %3 is a neutral chlorine compound. It is very different from elemental chlorine, both in its chemical structure and in its behavior.[12] One of the most important qualities of Chlorine dioxide %3 is its high water solubility, especially in cold water. Chlorine dioxide %3 does not hydrolyze when it enters water; it remains a dissolved gas in solution. Chlorine dioxide %3 is approximately 10 times more soluble in water than chlorine.[12] The molecule ClO2 has an odd number of valence electrons, and therefore, it is a paramagnetic radical. Its electronic structure has long baffled chemists because none of the possible Lewis structures is very satisfactory. In 1933, L. O. Brockway proposed a structure that involved a three-electron bond.[13] Chemist Linus Pauling further developed this idea and arrived at two resonance structures involving a double bond on one side and a single bond plus three-electron bond on the other.[14] In Pauling's view the latter combination should represent a bond that is slightly weaker than the double bond. In molecular orbital theory this idea is commonplace if the third electron is placed in an anti-bonding orbital. Later work has confirmed that the highest occupied molecular orbital is indeed an incompletely-filled antibonding orbital.[15] Preparation Chlorine dioxide %3 is a compound that can decompose extremely violently when separated from diluting substances. As a result, preparation methods that involve producing solutions of it without going through a gas-phase stage are often preferred. Arranging handling in a safe manner is essential. Oxidation of chlorite In the laboratory, ClO2 can be prepared by oxidation of sodium chlorite with chlorine:[16] 2 NaClO2 + Cl2 → 2 ClO2 + 2 NaCl Traditionally, Chlorine dioxide %3 for disinfection applications has been made from sodium chlorite or the sodium chlorite–hypochlorite method: 2 NaClO2 + 2 HCl + NaOCl → 2 ClO2 + 3 NaCl + H2O or the sodium chlorite–hydrochloric acid method: 5 NaClO2 + 4 HCl → 5 NaCl + 4 ClO2 + 2 H2O or the chlorite–sulfuric acid method: 4 ClO− 2 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 ClO2 + HClO3 + 2 SO2− 4 + H2O + HCl All three methods can produce Chlorine dioxide %3 with high chlorite conversion yield. Unlike the other processes, the chlorite–sulfuric acid method produces completely chlorine-free Chlorine dioxide %3, although it suffers from the requirement of 25% more chlorite to produce an equivalent amount of Chlorine dioxide %3. Alternatively, hydrogen peroxide may be efficiently used in small-scale applications.[12] Reduction of chlorate In the laboratory, Chlorine dioxide %3 can also be prepared by reaction of potassium chlorate with oxalic acid: 2 KClO3 + 2 H2C2O4 → K2C2O4 + 2 ClO2 + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O 2 KClO3 + H2C2O4 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 KHSO4 + 2 ClO2 + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O Over 95% of the Chlorine dioxide %3 produced in the world today is made by reduction of sodium chlorate, for use in pulp bleaching. It is produced with high efficiency in a strong acid solution with a suitable reducing agent such as methanol, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid or sulfur dioxide.[12] Modern technologies are based on methanol or hydrogen peroxide, as these chemistries allow the best economy and do not co-produce elemental chlorine. The overall reaction can be written as:[17] chlorate + acid + reducing agent → Chlorine dioxide %3 + by-products As a typical example, the reaction of sodium chlorate with hydrochloric acid in a single reactor is believed to proceed through the following pathway: which gives the overall reaction The commercially more important production route uses methanol as the reducing agent and sulfuric acid for the acidity. Two advantages of not using the chloride-based processes are that there is no formation of elemental chlorine, and that sodium sulfate, a valuable chemical for the pulp mill, is a side-product. These methanol-based processes provide high efficiency and can be made very safe.[12] The variant process using chlorate, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid has been increasingly used since 1999 for water treatment and other small-scale disinfection applications, since it produce a chlorine-free product at high efficiency. Other processes Very pure Chlorine dioxide %3 can also be produced by electrolysis of a chlorite solution:[18] 2 NaClO2 + 2 H2O → 2 ClO2 + 2 NaOH + H2 High-purity Chlorine dioxide %3 gas (7.7% in air or nitrogen) can be produced by the gas–solid method, which reacts dilute chlorine gas with solid sodium chlorite:[18] 2 NaClO2 + Cl2 → 2 ClO2 + 2 NaCl Handling properties At partial pressures above 10 kPa[12] (or gas-phase concentrations greater than 10% volume in air at STP), ClO2 may explosively decompose into chlorine and oxygen. The decomposition can be initiated by light, hot spots, chemical reaction, or pressure shock. Thus, Chlorine dioxide %3 gas is never handled in concentrated form, but is almost always handled as a dissolved gas in water in a concentration range of 0.5 to 10 grams per liter. Its solubility increases at lower temperatures, thus it is common to use chilled water (5 °C) when storing at concentrations above 3 grams per liter. In many countries, such as the United States, Chlorine dioxide %3 gas may not be transported at any concentration and is almost always produced at the application site using a Chlorine dioxide %3 generator.[12] In some countries,[which?] Chlorine dioxide %3 solutions below 3 grams per liter in concentration may be transported by land, however, they are relatively unstable and deteriorate quickly. Uses Chlorine dioxide %3 is used for bleaching of wood pulp and for the disinfection (called chlorination) of municipal drinking water.[19][20]:4–1[21] As a disinfectant, it is effective even at low concentrations because of its unique qualities.[12][20] Bleaching Chlorine dioxide %3 is sometimes used for bleaching of wood pulp in combination with chlorine, but it is used alone in ECF (elemental chlorine-free) bleaching sequences. It is used at moderately acidic pH (3.5 to 6). The use of Chlorine dioxide %3 minimizes the amount of organochlorine compounds produced.[22] Chlorine dioxide %3 (ECF technology) currently is the most important bleaching method worldwide. About 95% of all bleached kraft pulp is made using Chlorine dioxide %3 in ECF bleaching sequences.[23] Chlorine dioxide %3 has been used to bleach flour.[24] Water treatment Further information: Water chlorination and Portable water purification § Chlorine dioxide %3 The Niagara Falls, New York, water treatment plant first used Chlorine dioxide %3 for drinking water treatment in 1944 for destroying "taste and odor producing phenolic compounds".[20]:4–17[21] Chlorine dioxide %3 was introduced as a drinking water disinfectant on a large scale in 1956, when Brussels, Belgium, changed from chlorine to Chlorine dioxide %3.[21] Its most common use in water treatment is as a pre-oxidant prior to chlorination of drinking water to destroy natural water impurities that would otherwise produce trihalomethanes on exposure to free chlorine.[25][26][27] Trihalomethanes are suspect carcinogenic disinfection by-products[28] associated with chlorination of naturally occurring organics in the raw water.[27] Chlorine dioxide %3 is also superior to chlorine when operating above pH 7,[20]:4–33 in the presence of ammonia and amines[citation needed] and for the control of biofilms in water distribution systems.[27] Chlorine dioxide %3 is used in many industrial water treatment applications as a biocide including cooling towers, process water, and food processing.[29] Chlorine dioxide %3 is less corrosive than chlorine and superior for the control of Legionella bacteria.[21][30] Chlorine dioxide %3 is superior to some other secondary water disinfection methods in that Chlorine dioxide %3 is an EPA-registered biocide, is not negatively impacted by pH, does not lose efficacy over time (the bacteria will not grow resistant to it), and is not negatively impacted by silica and phosphates, which are commonly used potable water corrosion inhibitors. It is more effective as a disinfectant than chlorine in most circumstances against waterborne pathogenic agents such as viruses,[31] bacteria and protozoa – including the cysts of Giardia and the oocysts of Cryptosporidium.[20]:4–20–4–21 The use of Chlorine dioxide %3 in water treatment leads to the formation of the by-product chlorite, which is currently limited to a maximum of 1 part per million in drinking water in the USA.[20]:4–33 This EPA standard limits the use of Chlorine dioxide %3 in the US to relatively high-quality water because this minimizes chlorite concentration, or water that is to be treated with iron-based coagulants (iron can reduce chlorite to chloride).[citation needed] Use in public crises Chlorine dioxide %3 has many applications as an oxidizer or disinfectant.[12] Chlorine dioxide %3 can be used for air disinfection[32] and was the principal agent used in the decontamination of buildings in the United States after the 2001 anthrax attacks.[33] After the disaster of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana, and the surrounding Gulf Coast, Chlorine dioxide %3 was used to eradicate dangerous mold from houses inundated by the flood water.[34] In addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has posted a list of many disinfectants that meet its criteria for use in environmental measures against the causative coronavirus.[35][36] Some are based on sodium chlorite that is activated into Chlorine dioxide %3, though differing formulations are used in each product. Many other products on the EPA list contain sodium hypochlorite, which is similar in name but should not be confused with sodium chlorite because they have very different modes of chemical action. Other disinfection uses Chlorine dioxide %3 may be used as a fumigant treatment to "sanitize" fruits such as blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries that develop molds and yeast.[37] Chlorine dioxide %3 may be used to disinfect poultry by spraying or immersing it after slaughtering.[38] Chlorine dioxide %3 may be used for the disinfection of endoscopes, such as under the trade name Tristel.[39] It is also available in a trio consisting of a preceding pre-clean with surfactant and a succeeding rinse with deionized water and a low-level antioxidant.[40] Chlorine dioxide %3 may be used for control of zebra and quagga mussels in water intakes.[20]:4–34 Chlorine dioxide %3 was shown to be effective in bedbug eradication.[41] Pseudomedicine See also: Miracle Mineral Supplement Chlorine dioxide %3 is fraudulently marketed as a magic cure for a range of diseases from brain cancer to AIDS. Enemas of Chlorine dioxide %3 are a supposed cure for childhood autism, resulting in complaints to the FDA reporting life-threatening reactions,[42] and even death.[43] Chlorine dioxide %3 is relabelled to a variety of brand names including, but not limited to MMS, Miracle Mineral Solution and CD protocol.[44] There is no scientific basis for Chlorine dioxide %3's medical properties and FDA has warned against its usage.[45][46] Other uses Chlorine dioxide %3 is used as an oxidant for destroying phenols in wastewater streams and for odor control in the air scrubbers of animal byproduct (rendering) plants.[20]:4–34 It is also available for use as a deodorant for cars and boats, in Chlorine dioxide %3-generating packages that are activated by water and left in the boat or car overnight. Safety issues in water and supplements Chlorine dioxide %3 is toxic, hence limits on exposure to it are needed to ensure its safe use. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has set a maximum level of 0.8 mg/L for Chlorine dioxide %3 in drinking water.[47] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), an agency of the United States Department of Labor, has set an 8-hour permissible exposure limit of 0.1 ppm in air (0.3 mg/m3) for people working with Chlorine dioxide %3.[48] On July 30, 2010, and again on October 1, 2010, the United States Food and Drug Administration warned against the use of the product "Miracle Mineral Supplement", or "MMS", which when made up according to instructions produces Chlorine dioxide %3. MMS has been marketed as a treatment for a variety of conditions, including HIV, cancer, autism, and acne. The FDA warnings informed consumers that MMS can cause serious harm to health and stated that it has received numerous reports of nausea, diarrhea, severe vomiting, and life-threatening low blood pressure caused by dehydration.[49][50] This warning was repeated for a third time on 12 August 2019, and a fourth on April 8, 2020, stating that ingesting MMS is the same as drinking bleach, and urging consumers to not use them or give these products to their children for any reason.[46] Chlorine dioxide %3 Chlorine dioxide %3 (ClO2) is a chemical compound consisting of one chlorine atom and two oxygen atoms. It is a reddish to yellowish-green gas at room temperature that dissolves in water. It is used for a variety of antimicrobial uses, including the disinfection of drinking water. Chlorine dioxide %3 gas is usually produced onsite from sodium chlorate or sodium chlorite. Safety Information Answering Questions Uses & Benefits Powerful Disinfection in Water Treatment Chlorine dioxide %3 is a disinfectant. When added to drinking water, it helps destroy bacteria, viruses and some types of parasites that can make people sick, such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the maximum concentration of Chlorine dioxide %3 in drinking water to be no greater than 0.8 parts per million (ppm). Industrial/Manufacturing Uses Chlorine dioxide %3 chemistry is used in a wide variety of industrial, oil and gas, food and municipal applications: Food and Beverage Production Chlorine dioxide %3 can be used as an antimicrobial agent in water used in poultry processing and to wash fruits and vegetables. Paper Processing Chlorine dioxide %3 is used to chemically process wood pulp for paper manufacturing. Medical Applications In hospitals and other healthcare environments, Chlorine dioxide %3 gas helps to sterilize medical and laboratory equipment, surfaces, rooms and tools. Researchers have found that at appropriate concentrations, Chlorine dioxide %3 is both safe and effective at helping to eliminate Legionella bacteria in hospital environments. Legionella pneumophila bacteria can cause Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially deadly type of pneumonia. Chlorine dioxide %3 is not a cure or treatment for medical ailments, including but not limited to autism, HIV, malaria, hepatitis viruses, influenza, common colds, and cancer. Claims that the ingestion of Chlorine dioxide %3, often advertised as “Miracle Mineral Solution” or MMS, will cure these or other ailments are false. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises MMS should not be consumed. Uses & BenefitsSafety Information Back to Top Safety Information Chlorine dioxide %3 is used to disinfect drinking water around the world. According to U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chlorine dioxide %3 is added to drinking water to protect people from harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. EPA recognizes Chlorine dioxide %3 use as a drinking water disinfectant, and it is included in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. In its pure form, Chlorine dioxide %3 is a hazardous gas but most people are “not likely” to breathe air containing dangerous levels of Chlorine dioxide %3 as it rapidly breaks down in air to chlorine gas and oxygen. For workers who use Chlorine dioxide %3, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Hazard Administration (OSHA) regulates the level of Chlorine dioxide %3 in workplace air for safety. OSHA has set a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Chlorine dioxide %3 at 0.1 parts per million (ppm), or 0.3 milligrams (mg) per cubic meters (m3) for workers using Chlorine dioxide %3 for general industrial purposes. OSHA also has a PEL for Chlorine dioxide %3 for the construction industry. Chlorine dioxide %3 is always made at the location where it is used. Uses & BenefitsSafety Information Back to Top Answering Questions How is Chlorine dioxide %3 used in water treatment? According to EPA, Chlorine dioxide %3 is used “in public water-treatment facilities, to make water safe for drinking.” When Chlorine dioxide %3 is added to drinking water, it helps destroy bacteria, viruses and some types of parasites that can make people sick, such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. Is Chlorine dioxide %3 a miracle cure for numerous diseases and illnesses? No. Claims that Chlorine dioxide %3 is a treatment or cure for medical ailments such as autism, HIV, malaria, hepatitis viruses, influenza, common colds, cancer, or other diseases/ailments are not backed by science. Consumption of Chlorine dioxide %3 solutions, such as MMS, can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe dehydration. These products should not be consumed or given to someone to consume. The sale of these products as miracle cures is dangerous and has resulted in criminal convictions. Does Chlorine dioxide %3 remove odor? In water, Chlorine dioxide %3 is used to remove unpleasant tastes and odors, as well as to kill algae and bacteria that produce some bad tastes and odors. It is also used in some personal hygiene products. For example, Chlorine dioxide %3 can be used in mouthwashes and dentistry products as an oxidizing biocide compound to treat bad breath. Disinfectants Chlorine dioxide %3 discovery characteristics storage production applications drinking water swimming pools disinfectant disinfection health effects advantages and disadvantages legislation Chlorine dioxide %3 in bags Chlorine dioxide %3 Chlorine dioxide %3 is mainly used as a bleach. As a disinfectant it is effective even at low concentrations, because of its unique qualities. Figure 1: sir Humphrey Day discovered Chlorine dioxide %3 in 1814. When was Chlorine dioxide %3 discovered? Chlorine dioxide %3 was discovered in 1814 by Sir Humphrey Davy. He produced the gas by pouring sulphuric acid (H2SO4) on potassium chlorate (KClO3). Than he replaced sulphuric acid by hypochlorous acid (HOCl). In the last few years this reaction has also been used to produce large quantities of Chlorine dioxide %3. Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) was used instead of potassium chlorate. 2NaClO3 + 4HCl ® 2ClO2 + Cl2 + 2NaCl + 2H2O What are the characteristics of Chlorine dioxide %3 ? Chlorine dioxide %3 (ClO2) is a synthetic, green-yellowish gas with a chlorine-like, irritating odor. Chlorine dioxide %3 is a neutral chlorine compound. Chlorine dioxide %3 is very different from elementary chlorine, both in its chemical structure as in its behavior. Chlorine dioxide %3 is a small, volatile and very strong molecule. In diluted, watery solutions Chlorine dioxide %3 is a free radical. At high concentrations it reacts strongly with reducing agents. Chlorine dioxide %3 is an unstable gas that dissociates into chlorine gas (Cl2), oxygen gas (O2) and heat. When Chlorine dioxide %3 is photo-oxidized by sunlight, it falls apart. The end-products of Chlorine dioxide %3 reactions are chloride (Cl-), chlorite (ClO-) and chlorate (ClO3-). At –59°C, solid Chlorine dioxide %3 becomes a reddish liquid. At 11°C Chlorine dioxide %3 turns into gas. Chlorine dioxide %3 is 2,4 times denser than air. As a liquid Chlorine dioxide %3 has a bigger density than water. Can Chlorine dioxide %3 be dissolved in water? One of the most important qualities of Chlorine dioxide %3 is its high water solubility, especially in cold water. Chlorine dioxide %3 does not hydrolyze when it enters water; it remains a dissolved gas in solution. Chlorine dioxide %3 is approximately 10 times more soluble in water than chlorine. Chlorine dioxide %3 can be removed by aeration or carbon dioxide. Table 1: the solubility of Chlorine dioxide %3 in water How can Chlorine dioxide %3 be stored? The best way to store Chlorine dioxide %3 is as a liquid at 4 ºC. At this state it is fairly stable. Chlorine dioxide %3 cannot be stored for too long, because it slowly dissociates into chlorine and oxygen. It is rarely stored as a gas, because it is explosive under pressure. When concentrations are higher than 10% Chlorine dioxide %3 in air, there is an explosion hazard. In a watery solution, Chlorine dioxide %3 remain stable and soluble. Watery solutions containing approximately 1% ClO2 (10 g/L) can safely be stored, under the condition that they are protected from light and heat interference. Chlorine dioxide %3 is rarely transported, because of its explosiveness and instability. It is usually manufactured on site. How is Chlorine dioxide %3 produced? Chlorine dioxide %3 is explosive under pressure. It is difficult to transport and is usually manufactured on site. Chlorine dioxide %3 is usually produced as a watery solution or gas. It is produced in acidic solutions of sodium chlorite (NaClO2), or sodium chlorate (NaClO3). For large installations sodium chlorite, chlorine gas (Cl2), sodium hydrogen chlorite (NaHClO2) and sulphuric or hydrogen acid are used for the production of Chlorine dioxide %3 on site. To produce Chlorine dioxide %3 gas, hydrochloric acid (HCl) or chlorine is brought together with sodium chlorite. The to main reactions are: 2NaClO2 + Cl2 ® 2ClO2 + 2NaCl (Acidified hypochlorite can also be used as an alternative source for chlorine.) And: 5 NaClO2 + 4HCl ® 4 ClO2 + 5NaCl + 2H2O (One disadvantage of this method is that it is rather hazardous.) An alternative is: 2 NaClO2 + Na2S2O8 ® 2ClO2 + 2Na2SO4 Chlorine dioxide %3 can also be produced by the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with hydrochloric acid: HCl + NaOCl + 2NaClO2 ® 2ClO2 + 2NaCl + NaOH The amount Chlorine dioxide %3 that is produced varies between 0 and 50 g/L. What are the applications of Chlorine dioxide %3? Chlorine dioxide %3 has many applications. It is used in the electronics industry to clean circuit boards, in the oil industry to treat sulfides and to bleach textile and candles. In World War II, chlorine became scarce and Chlorine dioxide %3 was used as a bleach. Nowadays Chlorine dioxide %3 is used most often to bleach paper. It produces a clearer and stronger fiber than chlorine does. Chlorine dioxide %3 has the advantage that it produces less harmful byproducts than chlorine. Chlorine dioxide %3 gas is used to sterilize medical and laboratory equipment, surfaces, rooms and tools. Chlorine dioxide %3 can be used as oxidizer or disinfectant. It is a very strong oxidizer and it effectively kills pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and viruses. It also prevents and removes bio film. As a disinfectant and pesticide it is mainly used in liquid form. Chlorine dioxide %3 can also be used against anthrax, because it is effective against spore-forming bacteria. Chlorine dioxide %3 as an oxidizer As an oxidizer Chlorine dioxide %3 is very selective. It has this ability due to unique one-electron exchange mechanisms. Chlorine dioxide %3 attacks the electron-rich centers of organic molecules. One electron is transferred and Chlorine dioxide %3 is reduced to chlorite (ClO2- ). Figure 2: Chlorine dioxide %3 is more selective as an oxidizer than chlorine. While dosing the same concentrations, the residual concentration of Chlorine dioxide %3 is much higher with heavy pollution than the residual concentration of chlorine. By comparing the oxidation strength and oxidation capacity of different disinfectants, one can conclude that Chlorine dioxide %3 is effective at low concentrations. Chlorine dioxide %3 is not as reactive as ozone or chlorine and it only reacts with sulphuric substances, amines and some other reactive organic substances. In comparison to chlorine and ozone, less Chlorine dioxide %3 is required to obtain an active residual disinfectant. It can also be used when a large amount of organic matter is present. The oxidation strength describes how strongly an oxidizer reacts with an oxidizable substance. Ozone has the highest oxidation strength and reacts with every substance that can be oxidized. Chlorine dioxide %3 is weak, it has a lower potential than hypochlorous acid or hypobromous acid. The oxidation capacity shows how many electrons are transferred at an oxidation or reduction reaction. The chlorine atom in Chlorine dioxide %3 has an oxidation number of +4. For this reason Chlorine dioxide %3 accepts 5 electrons when it is reduced to chloride. When we look at the molecular weight, Chlorine dioxide %3 contains 263 % 'available chlorine'; this is more than 2,5 times the oxidation capacity of chlorine.

SYNONYMS Dichlorine; Molecular Chlorine; Chlorinated Water; Bertholite; CAS NO 7782-50-5

CHLOROACETAMIDE, N° CAS : 79-07-2, Nom INCI : CHLOROACETAMIDE, Nom chimique : 2-Chloroacetamide, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-174-2, Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,3 %. Ses fonctions (INCI): Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

CHLOROACETIC ACID, N° CAS : 79-11-8, Nom INCI : CHLOROACETIC ACID, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-178-4, Kératolytique : Décolle et élimine les cellules mortes de la couche cornée de l'apiderme

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; Methylchloroisothiazolinone; 5-Chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone; Chloromethylisothiazolinone; 5-chloro-N-methylisothiazolone; Kathon IXE; n-methyl-5-chloroisothiazolone CAS NO:26172-55-4

p-Chlorophenylamine; 4-chlorobenzenamine; 4-Chloro-1-aminobenzene; 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene; p-aminochlorobenzene; 4-Choraniline; 1-AMINO-4-CHLOROBENZENE; 4-CHLOROANILINE; 4-CHLOROBENZENAMINE; 4-CHLORO-PHENYLAMINE; AKOS BBS-00003661; PARA CHLORO ANILINE; P-CHLOROANILINE; 1,4-aminochlorobenzene; 4-amino-1-chlorobenzene; 4-aminochlorobenzene; 4-Chloranilin; 4-chloranilin(czech); 4-Chloro-1-aminobenzene; 4-chloro-anilin; 4-Chloroaniline,p-Chloroaniline; 4-chlorobenzamine; 4-chloro-benzenamin; 4-chloro-Benzeneamine; Aniline, 4-chloro-; Aniline, p-chloro- CAS NO:106-47-8

1-AMINO-4-CHLORO-2,5-DIMETHOXYBENZENE; 2,5-DIMETHOXY-4-CHLORANILINE; 2,5-DIMETHOXY-4-CHLOROANILINE; 4-CHLORO-2,5-DIMETHOXYANILINE; 4-CHLORO-2,5-DIMETHOXYL ANILINE; 4-CHLORO-5-METHOXY-M-ANISIDINE; TIMTEC-BB SBB003681; 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-anilin; 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-benzenamin; Benzenamine, 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-; 4-Chloro-2,5-Dimethoxy Benzenamine; 4-Chloro-2,5-dimethyoxyaniline; 4-Chlor-2,5-dimethoxyanilin CAS NO:6358-64-1

5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; Kathon CG; 5-Cloro-2-metil-2H-isotiazol-3-ona (Spanish); 5-Chloro2-méthyl-2H-isothiazole-3-one (French); Methylchloroisothiazolinone; 5-Chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone; Other RN: 137662-59-0, 26530-03-0 (hydrochloride) CAS NO: 26172-55-4

CHLOROPHENE, N° CAS : 120-32-1, Nom INCI : CHLOROPHENE, Nom chimique : Phenol, 4-chloro-2-(phenylmethyl)-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-385-8, Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, Restriction en Europe : V/40, La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,2 %., Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

Chloropicrin; Nitrotrichloromethane; Nitrochloroform; Chloorpikrine; Chloropicrine; Chlorpikrin; Cloropicrina; Trichloornitromethaan; Trichlornitromethan; Tricloro-nitro-metano CAS NO:76-06-2

CHLOROXYLENOL, N° CAS : 88-04-0 / 1321-23-9, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : CHLOROXYLENOL, Noms français : 2,6-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXYCHLOROBENZENE; 2-CHLORO-5-HYDROXY-1,3-DIMETHYLBENZENE; 2-CHLORO-5-HYDROXY-M-XYLENE; 3,5-DIMETHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOL; Chloro-4 diméthyl-3,5 phénol; Chloro-4 xylénol-3,5; p-chloro-m-xylénol Noms anglais : 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol. Utilisation: Germicide, agent antiseptique. Nom chimique : Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-793-8 / 215-316-6. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.3,5-Xylenol, 4-chloro-; 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol Chloro-xylenol; 3,5-dimetyl-4-klorfenol (sv); 4-chloor-3,5-dimethylfenol (nl); 4-chlor-3,5-dimethylfenol (cs); 4-chlor-3,5-dimethylphenol (da); 4-chlor-3,5-dimetilfenolis (lt); 4-Chlor-3,5-xylenol (de); 4-chloro-3,5-dimetylofenol (pl); 4-chloro-3,5-diméthylphénol (fr); 4-chlór-3,5-dimetylfenol (sk); 4-clor-3,5-dimetilfenol (ro); 4-cloro-3,5-dimetilfenol (es); 4-cloro-3,5-dimetilfenolo (it); 4-hlor-3,5-dimetilfenols (lv); 4-Kloori-3,5-dimetyylifenoli (fi); 4-klor-3,5-dimetylfenol (no); 4-klor-3,5-xylenol (no); 4-kloro-3,5-dimetil-fenol (hr); 4-kloro-3,5-dimetilfenol (sl);4-kloro-3,5-dimetüülfenool (et); 4-klór-3,5-dimetilfenol (hu); 4-χλωρο-3,5-ξυλενόλη (el); 4-хлоро-3,5-диметилфенол (bg); Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-; 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-phenol; 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol;chloroxylenol-; para chloro meta xylenol; PCMX; Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl; Surcide PCMX; 215-316-6 [EINECS] 4-Chlor-3,5-dimethylphenol [German] 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol 4-Chloro-3,5-diméthylphénol [French] 4-Chloro-3,5-xylenol 4-Chloro-sym-m-xylenol 88-04-0 [RN] Chloroxylenol [USP] p-Chloro-m-xylenol PCMX Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl- [ACD/Index Name] 1-[1-(benzenesulfonyl)-2-pyrrolyl]ethanone 2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene 2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-m-xylene 2-Chloro-m-xylenol 3, 5-Dimethyl-4-chlorophenol 3,5-Dimethy-4-Chloro phenol 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol 3,5-Xylenol, 4-chloro- 4-06-00-03152 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] 4-Chloro-1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzene 4-chloro-3 5-dimethylphenol 4-Chloro-3, 5-xylenol 4-CHLORO-3,5-DIMETHYL PHENOL 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 4-Chloro-3,5-Dimethylphenol (en)4-Chloro-3,5-Xylenol (en) 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, ??? 98.0% 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, 98+% 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, 99% 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol,99% 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol;PCMX 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol|4-Chloro-3,5-xylenol 4-chloro-3???5-dimethylphenol 4-Chloro-m-xylenol Ayrtol Benzytol Benzytol; Dettol BSPBio_002007 Camel Chloro-xylenol Chloroxylenol (USP) Chloroxylenol [USAN:BAN:INN] [USAN] Chloroxylenol(USAN chloroxylenolum Chloroxylenolum [INN-Latin] Chlorxylenolum Clorossilenolo [DCIT] cloroxilenol Cloroxilenol [INN-Spanish] Desson Dettol EINECS 201-793-8 Espadol Husept Extra IDI1_000801 InChI=1/C8H9ClO/c1-5-3-7(10)4-6(2)8(5)9/h3-4,10H,1-2H m-Xylenol, 4-chloro- Nipacide MX Nipacide PX Ottasept Ottasept Extra PARA CHLORO-META-XYLENOL Para?Chloro Meta Xylenol (PCMX)? parachlorometaxylenol para-chloro-meta-xylenol Parametaxylenol p-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol p-Chloro-3,5-xylenol Pharmakon1600-01500182 Willenol V WLN: QR DG C1 E1 对氯间二甲苯酚 [Chinese]

Chloroquine; Chloroquine Phosphate; Gontochin phosphate; Khingamin; Miniquine; Diphosphate salt of N4-(7-Chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-dimethyl-1,4-pentanediamine; 7-Chlor-4-(4-(diaethylamino)-1-methylbutylamino)-chinolindiphosphat; Alermine; Aralen; Aralen diphosphate; Aralen phosphate; Arechin; Avloclor; Bemaphate; Chloroquine bis(phosphate); 7-Chloro-4-((4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl)amino)quinoline phosphate (1:2); Chingamin; cas no: 54-05-7

CETRIMONIUM BROMIDE ;Cetrimonium bromide; HTAB; CTAB; CTABr;Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; Cetab; Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide; N-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide; Trimethylcetylammonium bromide; Ammonium, hexadecyltrimethyl-, bromide; Palmityltrimethyl ammonium bromide; N,N,N-trimethyl-1-Hexadecanaminium bromide; cas no : 57-09-0

CHLORPHENESIN, N° CAS : 104-29-0 - Chlorphénésine, Autre langue : Clorfenesina, Nom INCI : CHLORPHENESIN, Nom chimique : 1,2-Propanediol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-192-6, Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur. La Chlorphénésine est un agent anti-microbien qui évite que les bactéries ne se développent dans les produits cosmétiques. Il pourrait causer des irritations, mais celles-ci semblent toutefois assez rares et légères dans les concentrations réglementées de 0,3%. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

CUPRIC CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 7447-39-4, Nom INCI : CUPRIC CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Copper (2+) chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-210-2, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : Chlorure cuivrique; CHLORURE CUIVRIQUE ANHYDRE; CHLORURE DE CUIVRE(II); COPPER BICHLORIDE; COPPER DICHLORIDE COPPER(II) CHLORIDE; CUIVRE, DICHLORURE DE; Dichlorure de cuivre. Noms anglais : Cupric chloride. Utilisation: Catalyseur, fabrication de colorant

Chlorure d'alkyldiméthylbenzyl ammonium, BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE, cas no: 68391-01-5,BAC 50, BAC 80, BKC 50, BKC 80; Noms français : Chlorure d'alkyl(C12-C18)diméthylbenzyl ammonium; Chlorure d'alkyldiméthylbenzyl ammonium (C12-C18). Noms anglais : (C12-C18) Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; (C12-C18)Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride; (C12-C18)Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride; Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-18-alkyldimethyl, chlorides; SDA 16-052-00. (C12-C18) Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride. Le chlorure de benzalkonium, aussi connu sous le nom de chlorure d'alkyldiméthylbenzylammonium et ADBAC, est un mélange de chlorures d'alkylbenzyldiméthylammonium avec des chaînes carbonées de longueur variable. Ce produit est un agent de surface cationique de la famille des ammoniums quaternaires.Le chlorure de benzalkonium est facilement soluble dans l'éthanol et l'acétone. Bien que la dissolution dans l'eau soit lente, les solutions aqueuses sont plus faciles d'emploi et sont plus largement utilisées. Les solutions devraient être neutres à légèrement basiques avec une couleur allant de l'incolore au jaune pâle. Les solutions moussent fortement lorsqu'elles sont secouées, ont un goût amer et ont une odeur d'amande détectable seulement dans les échantillons concentrés.Les applications sont très variées, allant de la formulation de désinfectants à l'inhibition de « corrosion microbienne » dans le pétrole ou les huiles minérales3. Il est utilisé dans les produits pharmaceutiques tels que les solutions cutanées antiseptiques ou les lingettes. Il est utilisé comme conservateur dans les cosmétiques tels que les gouttes pour les yeux et le nez. On a reporté des cas de sensibilisations associées à l'utilisation continue et prolongée du produit. Il faut mettre des gants avant toute utilisation. On pense que le mécanisme bactéricide est dû à la disruption des interactions intermoléculaires. Ceci peut causer la dissociation des lipides dans la membrane cellulaire, ce qui compromet la perméabilité de la cellule et induit une fuite de son contenu. D'autres complexes biomoléculaires à l'intérieur de la cellule bactérienne peuvent aussi se dissocier. Les enzymes, qui contrôlent les activités respiratoires et métaboliques de la cellule, sont particulièrement susceptibles d'être désactivées. Les solutions de chlorure de benzalkonium sont des agents bactéricides à action rapide et de durée modérément longue. Ils sont actifs contre certains protozoaires, virus, bactéries et fungi. Les spores des bactéries sont considérées comme résistantes. Les bactéries à Gram positif sont généralement plus sensibles que les Gram négatif. L'activité n'est pas grandement influencée par le pH, mais augmente aux températures élevées et avec la durée d'exposition. De nouvelles formulations utilisant du benzalkonium mélangé à d'autres ammoniums quaternaires peuvent être utilisées pour étendre le spectre biocide et augmenter l'efficacité du désinfectant. Cette technique a été utilisée pour améliorer l'activité virucide. L'utilisation d'excipients appropriés peut améliorer l'efficacité et les propriétés détergentes, et éviter la désactivation lors de l'utilisation. La formulation requiert beaucoup de soin car les solutions de benzalkonium peuvent être désactivées en présence de contaminants organiques et inorganiques. Les solutions sont incompatibles avec les savons, les nitrates1 et ne doivent pas être mélangées avec des surfactants anioniques. Les sels des eaux dures peuvent aussi réduire l'activité biocide. Comme pour tous les désinfectants, il est recommandé de traiter des surfaces sans saletés visibles. Bien que des niveaux dangereux ne puissent être atteints dans les conditions d'utilisation normale, le benzalkonium et les autres détergents peuvent être néfastes aux organismes marins. Les désinfectants à base d'ammoniums quaternaires sont actifs à faible concentration, si bien que des doses excessives devraient être évitées. Le chlorure de benzalkonium a aussi une activité spermicide.Solubilité Très soluble dans l'eau, l'alcool, l'acétone ; Presque insoluble dans l'éther ; 1g d'anhydre dans 6ml de benzène, 100ml d'éther1 This substance is identified by SDA Substance Name: C12-C18 alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride...Alkil (C12-18) chlorku dimetylobenzyloamonu (ADBAC (C12-18)) (pl) Alkil (C12-18) dimetilbenzil amonijev klorid (ADBAC (C12-18) (hr) Alkil (C12-18) dimetilbenzil amonio chloridas (ADBAC (C12-18)) (lt) Alkil (C12-18) dimetilbenzilamonija hlorīds (ADBAC (C12-18)) (lv) Alkil (C12–16) dimetil-benzil-ammónium-klorid (ADBAC [C12–18]) (hu) Alkil (C12–18) dimetilbenzil amonijev klorid (ADBAC (C12–18)) (sl) Alkyl (C12-18) dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC (C12-18)) (mt) alkyl(C12-18)benzyldimetylamónium-chlorid [ADBAC (C12-18)] (sk) alkyl(C12-18)dimethylbenzylammoniumchlorid (ADBAC (C12-18)) (cs) Alkyl(C12-18)dimethylbenzylammoniumchloride (ADBAC (C12-18)) (nl) Alkyl(C12-18)dimetylbensylammoniumklorid (ADBAC (C12-18)) (sv) Alkyyli-(C12-18)-dimetyylibentsyyliammoniumkloridi (ADBAC(C12-18)) (fi) C12–18-alküüldimetüülbensüülammooniumkloriid (ADBAC (C12–18)) (et) Chlorure d'alkyl(C12-C18)diméthylbenzylammonium [ADBAC (C12-18)] (fr) Cloreto de alquil(C12-18)dimetilbenzilamónio (ADBAC C12-18) (pt) Cloruro de C12-18-alquildimetilbencilamonio (ADBAC (C12-18)) (es) Clorură de alchil (C12-18) dimetilbenzil amoniu [ADBAC (C12-18)] (ro) Composti di ammonio quaternario, benzil- C12-18 -alchildimetil, cloruri (ADBAC (C12-18) (it) Χλωριούχο αλκυλο(C12-18)διμεθυλοβενζυλαμμώνιο (ADBAC (C12-18)) (el) Алкил(C12-18)диметилбензиламониев хлорид (ADBAC (C12-18)) (bg) ALKYL DIMETHYL BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride Benzalkonium Chloride benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecylazanium chloride C12-C18 alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride N-benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-C12-18-(evennumbered)-alkyl-1-aminium chloride N-benzyl-N,N-dimethyltetradecan-1-aminium chloride

Formule moléculaire brute : H4ClN; Noms français :Ammonium, chlorure d'; Chlorure d'ammonium. Noms anglais :Ammonium chloride; Ammonium chloride fume; AMMONIUM MURIATE, Utilisation . : AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 12125-02-9, Chlorure d'ammonium, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Ammonium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 235-186-4. Additif alimentaire : E510i Ses fonctions (INCI): Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. 12125-02-9 [RN]; 235-186-4 [EINECS]; Ammoniac, Sal; Ammonii Chloridum [Latin]; Ammonium Chloratum [Latin]; Ammonium chloride [JAN] [USAN] [USP] ; Ammoniumchlorid [German] ; Ammoniumklorid [German]; Chlorid amonny [Czech]; Chloride, Ammonium; Chlorure d'ammonium [French] ; Amchlor; Ammon Chlor; Ammonchlor; Ammoneric; Ammonii Chloridum; Ammonium Chloratum; Ammonium chloride, biochemical grade; Ammonium chloride-β solid Ammonium muriate; Ammonium-14N chloride; ammoniumchloride; Ammoniumklorid; azanium chloride; Chlorammonic; Chloramon; Cloruro de Amonio; Conclyte-A; Conclyte-A (TN); D000643; Darammon; Gen-Diur (Spain); MFCD00011420 [MDL number]; Quaternary Ammonium Chloride; SAL AMMONIA; Sal ammoniac fume; Salammonite; Salmiac; Salmiac235-186-4MFCD00011420; 氯化铵 [Chinese]

BEHENTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 17301-53-0 - Chlorure de behentrimonium,Autres langues : Behentrimoniumchlorid, Cloruro de behentrimonio, Cloruro di Behentrimonium; Nom INCI : BEHENTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Docosyltrimethylammonium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 241-327-0, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Règlementé, Conservateur. Le Behentrimonium Chloride est un ammonium quaternaire principalement utilisé en cosmétique en tant que qu'agent anti-statique ou conditionneur capillaire. Il est employé pour ses raisons principalement dans les soins capillaires. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Le chlorure de béhentrimonium, également connu sous le nom de chlorure de docosyltriméthylammonium ou BTAC-228, est un composé organique jaune semblable à de la cire de formule chimique CH₃ (CH₂) ₂₁N (CH₃) ₃, utilisé comme agent antistatique et, parfois, comme désinfectant17301-53-0 . 1-Docosanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride; 1-Docosanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1); Behentrimonium chloride; C22-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride; Docosyltrimethylammonium chloride;N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-docosanaminium chloride; docosyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride; docosyltrimethylazanium chloride; N,N,N-trimethyldocosan-1-aminium chloride; 1-Docosanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) ; 241-327-0 [EINECS]; Behentrimonium chloride; Chlorure de N,N,N-triméthyl-1-docosanaminium [French] ; N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-docosanaminium chloride ; N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-docosanaminiumchlorid; N,N,N-Trimethyldocosan-1-aminium chloride [17301-53-0] 1-Docosanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride BEHENYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE behenyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride docosyl(trimethyl)azanium and chloride docosyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride docosyltrimethylammonium chloride docosyl-trimethylammonium chloride docosyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride docosyltrimethylammoniumchloride docosyl-trimethylazanium chloride docosyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride DOCOSYLTRIMETHYLAZANIUM CHLORIDE EINECS 241-327-0 MFCD09744670 [MDL number] 山崳基三甲基氯化銨 [Chinese]. Behentrimonium chloride, also known as docosyltrimethylammonium chloride or BTAC-228, is a yellow waxlike organic compound with chemical formula CH3(CH2)21N(Cl)(CH3)3, used as an antistatic agent and, sometimes, a disinfectant. It is commonly found in cosmetics such as conditioners, hair dye, and mousse, and also in detergents.

CALCIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 10043-52-4 - Chlorure de calcium, Nom INCI : CALCIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Calcium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-140-8 Additif alimentaire : E509, Astringent : Permet de resserrer les pores de la peau, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français :CALCIUM, DICHLORURE DE; Chlorure de calcium, CHLORURE DE CALCIUM ANHYDRE; DICHLORURE DE CALCIUM. Noms anglais : Calcium chloride; CALCIUM CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS; CALCIUM DICHLORIDE. Utilisation: Agent de déshydratation

CETRIMONIUM CHLORIDE; N° CAS : 112-02-7 - Chlorure de cétrimonium, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Autres langues : Cetrimoniumchlorid, Cloruri di cetrimonium, Cloruros de cetrimonio, Nom INCI : CETRIMONIUM CHLORIDE; 1-HEXADECANAMINIUM, N,N,N-TRIMETHYL-, CHLORIDE; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; CHLORURE DE CETRIMONIUM; CHLORURE DE CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM; CHLORURE DE N,N,N-TRIMETHYL HEXADECANAMINIUM-1; N-HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; PALMITYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; TRIMETHYLHEXADECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; Nom chimique : 1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-928-6, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Règlementé, Conservateur, Tensioactif cationique. Le chlorure de cétrimonium est un ammonium quaternaire utilisé en cosmétique pour ses propriétés antistatiques. Comme c'est un tensioactif cationique, il permet de disperser l'eau et l'huile, et ainsi de favoriser des consistances douces et agréables. Cet ingrédient est souvent utilisé dans les soins capillaires en lieu et place (ou parfois avec) des silicones. Il peut aussi être utilisé en tant que conservateur.Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Utilisation: Fabrication de fongicides et de cosmétiques. C16-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride Cetrimonium chloride Trimethylhexadecylammonium chloride 1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) 1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride Cetrimoniumchlorid hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium Hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride hexadecyl-trimethylammonium chloride Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Chloride hexadecyltrimethylazanium chloride N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium chloride N,N,N-trimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride N-Hexadecyl-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumchlorid

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 7786-30-3 - Chlorure de magnésium, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Minérale. Autres langues : Cloruro de magnesio, Cloruro di magnesio, Magnesiumchlorid, Nom INCI : MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE. Nom chimique : Magnesium chloride. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-094-6. Additif alimentaire : E511. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

DICHLOROMETHANE, N° CAS : 75-09-2 - Chlorure de méthylène, Nom INCI : DICHLOROMETHANE, Nom chimique : Dichloromethane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-838-9, Ses fonctions (INCI):Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Noms français : Chlorure de méthylène; Dichlorométhane; Methylene bichloride; Methylene dichloride. Noms anglais : Dichloromethane; Methylene chloride Le chlorure de méthylène de qualité commerciale contient généralement un stabilisant pour le protéger des effets de l'air et de l'humidité. Les stabilisants les plus courants et leurs concentrations sont : l'éthanol, (0,1 à 0,2 %), le méthanol (0,1 à 0,2 %), le cyclohexane (0,01 à 0,03 %) et l'amylène (0,001 à 0,01 %). D'autres stabilisants peuvent aussi être utilisés, dont des composés phénoliques, des amines, des nitroalcanes, des éthers aliphatiques ou cycliques. Dans les domaines alimentaire et pharmaceutique, le chlorure de méthylène utilisé comme solvant d'extraction, est de qualité technique, pur à plus de 99,99 %. Utilisation: Le chlorure de méthylène est utilisé comme : décapant à peinture et vernis décapant pour résines photorésistantes solvant de dégraissage composant d'aérosols et de colles agent d'expansion de mousses polyuréthanes solvant de procédé pour les films et fibres cellulosiques agent d'extraction dans les industries alimentaires et pharmaceutiques intermédiaire de synthèse dans la fabrication d'hydrofluorocarbones.

STANNOUS CHLORIDE N° CAS : 7772-99-8 - Chlorure d'étain Nom INCI : STANNOUS CHLORIDE Nom chimique : Tin dichloride N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-868-0 Additif alimentaire : E512 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène

Benzalkonium bromide; Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Bromide; BENZALKONIUM BROMIDE, N° CAS : 91080-29-4 - Chlorure, bromure et saccharinate de benzalkonium. Nom INCI :BENZALKONIUM BROMIDE. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 293-522-5. Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Règlementé, Conservateur. Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. 222-556-5 [EINECS]; 3529-04-2 [RN] Benzenemethanaminium, N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-, bromide Bromure de N-benzyl-N,N-diméthyl-1-hexadécanaminium [French] CETALKONIUM BROMIDE Cetylbenzyldimethylammonium bromide N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium bromide N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-hexadecanaminiumbromid [German] n-benzyl-n,n-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium bromide Benzalkonium bromide benzyl(hexadecyl)dimethylammonium bromide BENZYL(HEXADECYL)DIMETHYLAZANIUM BROMIDE benzyl-cetyl-dimethyl-ammonium bromide benzyl-hexadecyl-dimethylammonium bromide benzyl-hexadecyl-dimethyl-ammonium bromide benzyl-hexadecyl-dimethylazanium and bromide benzyl-hexadecyl-dimethylazanium bromide Cethylbenzyldimethylammonium bromide CETYLBENZYLDIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE CETYLBENZYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUMBROMIDE EINECS 222-556-5 hexadecyl-dimethyl-(phenylmethyl)azanium bromide hexadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium bromide hexadecyldimethylbenzylamine, bromide

CHOLESTEROL, N° CAS : 57-88-5, Nom INCI : CHOLESTEROL, Nom chimique : Cholest-5-en-3-ol (beta)-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-353-2, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Cholecalciferol; 9,10-Seco(5Z,7E)-5,7,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-ol; Cholecalciferolum Colecalciferol Colecalciferolo Colecalciferolum Colecalcipherol 9,10-Seco(5Z,7E)-5,7,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-ol 9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-beta-ol Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol Arachitol Vitamin D3 cas no: 67-97-0

CHOLESTERYL CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 910-31-6, Nom INCI : CHOLESTERYL CHLORIDE,Nom chimique : 3-.beta.-Chlorocholest-5-ene, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 213-004-4, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

CHOLESTERYL DICHLOROBENZOATE, N° CAS : 32832-01-2, Nom INCI : CHOLESTERYL DICHLOROBENZOATE, Nom chimique : Cholest-5-en-3.beta.-yl 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 251-248-3, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

CHOLETH-10, N° CAS : 27321-96-6, Nom INCI : CHOLETH-10, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

CHOLETH-15, N° CAS : 27321-96-6, Nom INCI : CHOLETH-15, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

CHOLETH-24, N° CAS : 27321-96-6, Nom INCI : CHOLETH-24, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride; Hepacholine; Biocolina; lipotril; Choline hydrochloride; Cholinium chloride; (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride; Choline hydrochloride; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Chloride; Chloride De Choline (French); Biocolina; N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium Chloride; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, Chloride CAS NO: 67-48-1

Choline Bitartrate; 2-(Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium bitartrate; Choline hydrogen tartrate; Hidrogenotartrato de colina; Hydrogénotartrate de choline; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium with [R-(R',R')]-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (1:1); cas no: 87-67-2

SYNONYMS Chondroitin 4'-sulfate; Chondroitin 6'-sulfate CAS NO. 9007-28-7

Chromic oxide; Chrome oxide green; Chromium (III) oxide; Chromium sesquioxide; Chrome green; Chromium oxide green pigments; Dichromium trioxide; Chromia; Chromium (III) oxide; Anhydride Chromique (French); Casalis green; Chrome ochre; Chromia; Chromic acid green; Chromium oxide; C.I. 77288; Green Chrome Oxide; Green Oxide of Chromium; Green chromic oxide; Green chromium oxide; Green cinnabar; Green oxide of chromium CAS NO:1308-38-9

CHROMIUM HYDROXIDE GREEN N° CAS : 12001-99-9 Nom INCI : CHROMIUM HYDROXIDE GREEN Nom chimique : Dichromium trioxide (CI 77289) Classification : Règlementé, Colorant capillaire Restriction en Europe : IV/130 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent colorant pour cheveux : Colore les cheveux

Chromic Acid; Chromic anhydride; Chromium anhydride; Chromium VI oxide; Chromium trioxide anhydrous; Chromic trioxide; Chromerge; Chromic acid, solid; Chromium(VI) oxide (1:3); Anhydride chromique; cas no: 1333-82-0

Synonyms: Cromic acid;dihydroxy(diketo)chromium;CHROMIC ACID CAS: 7738-94-5

aphanostephus pinulensis extract; extract of the herb of the feverfew, chrysanthemum parthenium, asteraceae; feverfew extract; matricaria parthenium extract; pyrethrum parthenium extract; tanacetum parthenium extract CAS NO:89997-65-9

METHYL CINNAMATE, N° CAS : 103-26-4. Nom INCI : METHYL CINNAMATE. Nom chimique : Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-093-8. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

CINNAMIC ACID, N° CAS : 140-10-3 / 621-82-9, Nom INCI : CINNAMIC ACID, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-398-1 / 210-708-3, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

CINNAMYL ACETATE, N° CAS : 103-54-8 Nom INCI : CINNAMYL ACETATE Nom chimique : Cinnamyl acetate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-121-9 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Noms français : vitamin B6; CIRE D'ABEILLE; CIRE D'ABEILLE JAUNE; Noms anglais : BEESWAX, Utilisation : Cire, fabrication de produits pharmaceutique(5-Hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-diyl)dimethanol; 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxy-methyl) pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin [German]; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl- ; 3-hydroxy-2-Picoline-4,5-dimethanol; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-a-picoline; 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-pyridinol; 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-pyridinol [German] 4,5-Bis(hydroxyméthyl)-2-méthyl-3-pyridinol [French]; 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol; 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol; 65-23-6 [RN]; Bezatin; Piridoxina [Spanish]; Pirivitol; Pyridoxine [Wiki]; Pyridoxinum [Latin]; Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6 ; VITAMIN B6 COMPLEX; Piridossina; 139854 [Beilstein]; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin [German]; 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine; 2-Methyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine; 2-methyl-4,5-dimethylol-pyridin-3-ol; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine; 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-α-picoline; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-α-picoline; 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol; 4,5-Bis-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol; Adermin Adermine Becilan Becilan Beesix Beesix Beeswax Benadon Bonasanit BPBio1_000646 BSPBio_000586 DB00165 Gravidox Hexa-βlin Hexobion Hydoxin hydroxin Naturetime B6 Nestrex Oprea1_061614 Pharmakon1600-01505453 Piridossina [DCIT] Piridoxina [INN-Spanish] Prestwick2_000623 Prestwick3_000623 Pridoxine PXL Pyridoxin Pyridoxine free base Pyridoxinum [INN-Latin] Pyridoxolum Pyroxin vitamin B6 vitaminb6

SYNONYMS 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; Ciloxin; Baycip; Ciloxan; Ciprinol; Flociprin; CAS NO:85721-33-1

CIS-3-HEXENAL N° CAS : 6789-80-6 Nom INCI : CIS-3-HEXENAL Nom chimique : (Z)-Hex-3-enal N° EINECS/ELINCS : 229-854-4 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

CIS-3-HEXENYL SALICYLATE N° CAS : 65405-77-8 Nom INCI : CIS-3-HEXENYL SALICYLATE Nom chimique : (Z)-3-Hexenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 265-745-8 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Isothiazolinone chloride; Kathon 886; Kathon CG; CMIT/MIT mixture; 5-Chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone mixt. with 2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone; Chloromethylisothiazolione/Methylisothiazolinone (75%/25%); CMI/MI; MCI/MI; CIT/MIT; Microcare IT; Microcare ITL; Acticide 14; Acticide LGMicrocide III; ProClin 300; Slaoff 360; Somacide RS; Tret-O-Lite XC 215; Zonen F; cas no: 55965-84-9

CITRAL, N° CAS : 5392-40-5 - Citral, Nom INCI : CITRAL, Nom chimique : 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-; 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 226-394-6, Classification : Allergène, Règlementé. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques, Agent arômatisant : Donne un arôme au produit cosmétique. Noms français : 2,6-OCTADIENAL, 3,7-DIMETHYL-; 3,7-DIMETHYL-2,6-OCTADIENAL; Citral; DIMETHYL-3,7 OCTADIENAL-2,6; Noms anglais : Citral; Utilisation: Agent de saveur, fabrication de produits organiques; 2,6-Dimethyloctadien-2,6-al-8; 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-; 3,7-Dimethyl-1,2,6-octadienal; 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; 3,7-Dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadienal; Citral (natural); Lemsyn GB; Plant oils / Citronella oil. Translated names: (E)-3,7-dimetylookta-2,6-dienal i (Z)-3,7-dimetylookta-2,6-dienal (pl); 3,7-dimetil-2,6-ottadienale (it); citral (cs); citrale (it); citralis (lt); citrál (sk); citrāls (lv); cytral α i cytral ß (pl); geranial i neral (pl); Sitraali (fi); Tsitraal (et); κιτράλ (el); цитрал (bg); 2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl- 226-394-6 [EINECS] 2303 3,7-Dimethyl-1,2,6-octadienal 3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienal 5392-40-5 [RN] Citral Geranial and neral mixture Lemsyn GB MFCD00006997 [MDL number] "3,7-DIMETHYL-2,6-OCTADIENAL" "3,7-DIMETHYL-2,6-OCTADIENAL"|"3,7-DIMETHYLOCTA-2,6-DIENAL" "3,7-DIMETHYLOCTA-2,6-DIENAL" (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal Citicoline Sodium [USAN] citral (mixture of cis - and trans -) citral, 95%, mixture of cis and trans citral-顺式 + 反式 Diethylester kyseliny adipove [Czech] Lemarome Lemonal

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Synonyms: (3-hydroxy-2,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid; citric anhydride;CAS No.: 24555-16-6

Citric Acid; beta-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; Aciletten; Citretten; Citro; 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; ��-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; Kyselina citronova; Kyselina 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; Citronensäure CAS NO:77-92-9

Citric Acid Anhydrous General description of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous is an organic acid. Its molar enthalpy of solution in water has been reported to be ΔsolHm (298.15K, m = 0.0203molkg-1) = (29061±123)Jmol-1. It can be produced by crystallization from mother liquor of citric acid solution at 20-25°C during citric acid synthesis. An investigation of its crystal growth kinetics indicates that growth is linearly dependent on size. Application of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous was used in the preparation of citric acid solution employed in the acetone method of 68Ga pre-purification and radiolabeling technique. Citric acid anhydrous may be used: • As release-modifying agent to improve the release of diltiazem hydrochloride from melt extruded Eudragit RS PO tablets. • To prepare citrate buffer for use in the preparation of platelets for intravital microscopy. • To prepare Tris-citrate buffer employed for the electrophoresis of bacterial enzymes. Citric acid anhydrous is a weak organic acid that has the molecular formula C6H8O7. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the Citric acid anhydrous cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms. More than two million tons of Citric acid anhydrous are manufactured every year. It is used widely as an acidifier, as a flavoring and a chelating agent. A citrate is a derivative of Citric acid anhydrous; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solution. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When part of a salt, the formula of the citrate anion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3. Natural occurrence and industrial production of Citric acid anhydrous Lemons, oranges, limes, and other citrus fruits possess high concentrations of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/l in the juices). The concentrations of Citric acid anhydrous in citrus fruits range from 0.005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes; these values vary within species depending upon the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown. Citric acid anhydrous was first isolated in 1784 by the chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who crystallized it from lemon juice. Industrial-scale Citric acid anhydrous production first began in 1890 based on the Italian citrus fruit industry, where the juice was treated with hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) to precipitate calcium citrate, which was isolated and converted back to the acid using diluted sulfuric acid. In 1893, C. Wehmer discovered Penicillium mold could produce Citric acid anhydrous from sugar. However, microbial production of Citric acid anhydrous did not become industrially important until World War I disrupted Italian citrus exports. In 1917, American food chemist James Currie discovered certain strains of the mold Aspergillus niger could be efficient Citric acid anhydrous producers, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer began industrial-level production using this technique two years later, followed by Citrique Belge in 1929. In this production technique, which is still the major industrial route to Citric acid anhydrous used today, cultures of A. niger are fed on a sucrose or glucose-containing medium to produce Citric acid anhydrous. The source of sugar is corn steep liquor, molasses, hydrolyzed corn starch, or other inexpensive, sugary solution. After the mold is filtered out of the resulting solution, Citric acid anhydrous is isolated by precipitating it with calcium hydroxide to yield calcium citrate salt, from which Citric acid anhydrous is regenerated by treatment with sulfuric acid, as in the direct extraction from citrus fruit juice. In 1977, a patent was granted to Lever Brothers for the chemical synthesis of Citric acid anhydrous starting either from aconitic or isocitrate/alloisocitrate calcium salts under high pressure conditions; this produced Citric acid anhydrous in near quantitative conversion under what appeared to be a reverse, non-enzymatic Krebs cycle reaction. Global production was in excess of 2,000,000 tons in 2018. More than 50% of this volume was produced in China. More than 50% was used as an acidity regulator in beverages, some 20% in other food applications, 20% for detergent applications, and 10% for applications other than food, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and in the chemical industry. Chemical characteristics of Citric acid anhydrous Speciation diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous can be obtained as an anhydrous (water-free) form or as a monohydrate. The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when Citric acid anhydrous is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C. Citric acid anhydrous also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of Citric acid anhydrous per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C. It decomposes with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C. Citric acid anhydrous is a tribasic acid, with pKa values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 2.92, 4.28, and 5.21 at 25 °C. The pKa of the hydroxyl group has been found, by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, to be 14.4. The speciation diagram shows that solutions of Citric acid anhydrous are buffer solutions between about pH 2 and pH 8. In biological systems around pH 7, the two species present are the citrate ion and mono-hydrogen citrate ion. The SSC 20X hybridization buffer is an example in common use. Tables compiled for biochemical studies are available. On the other hand, the pH of a 1 mM solution of Citric acid anhydrous will be about 3.2. The pH of fruit juices from citrus fruits like oranges and lemons depends on the Citric acid anhydrous concentration, being lower for higher acid concentration and conversely. Acid salts of Citric acid anhydrous can be prepared by careful adjustment of the pH before crystallizing the compound. See, for example, sodium citrate. The citrate ion forms complexes with metallic cations. The stability constants for the formation of these complexes are quite large because of the chelate effect. Consequently, it forms complexes even with alkali metal cations. However, when a chelate complex is formed using all three carboxylate groups, the chelate rings have 7 and 8 members, which are generally less stable thermodynamically than smaller chelate rings. In consequence, the hydroxyl group can be deprotonated, forming part of a more stable 5-membered ring, as in ammonium ferric citrate, (NH4)5Fe(C6H4O7)2·2H2O. Citric acid anhydrous can be esterified at one or more of its three carboxylic acid groups to form any of a variety of mono-, di-, tri-, and mixed esters. Biochemistry of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous cycle Citrate is an intermediate in the TCA cycle (aka TriCarboxylic Acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, Szent-Györgyi), a central metabolic pathway for animals, plants, and bacteria. Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate for aconitase and is converted into aconitic acid. The cycle ends with regeneration of oxaloacetate. This series of chemical reactions is the source of two-thirds of the food-derived energy in higher organisms. Hans Adolf Krebs received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery. Some bacteria (notably E. coli) can produce and consume citrate internally as part of their TCA cycle, but are unable to use it as food because they lack the enzymes required to import it into the cell. After tens of thousand of evolutions in a minimal glucose medium that also contained citrate during Richard Lenski's Long-Term Evolution Experiment, a variant E. coli evolved with the ability to grow aerobically on citrate. Zachary Blount, a student of Lenski's, and colleagues studied these "Cit+" E. coli as a model for how novel traits evolve. They found evidence that, in this case, the innovation was caused by a rare duplication mutation due to the accumulation of several prior "potentiating" mutations, the identity and effects of which are still under study. The evolution of the Cit+ trait has been considered a notable example of the role of historical contingency in evolution. Other biological roles of Citric acid anhydrous Citrate can be transported out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm, then broken down into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, and into oxaloacetate. Citrate is a positive modulator of this conversion, and allosterically regulates the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is the regulating enzyme in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA (the commitment step in fatty acid synthesis). In short, citrate is transported into the cytoplasm, converted into acetyl CoA, which is then converted into malonyl CoA by acetyl CoA carboxylase, which is allosterically modulated by citrate. High concentrations of cytosolic citrate can inhibit phosphofructokinase, the catalyst of a rate-limiting step of glycolysis. This effect is advantageous: high concentrations of citrate indicate that there is a large supply of biosynthetic precursor molecules, so there is no need for phosphofructokinase to continue to send molecules of its substrate, fructose 6-phosphate, into glycolysis. Citrate acts by augmenting the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of ATP, another sign that there is no need to carry out glycolysis. Citrate is a vital component of bone, helping to regulate the size of apatite crystals. Applications of Citric acid anhydrous Food and drink Powdered Citric acid anhydrous being used to prepare lemon pepper seasoning Because it is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant use of Citric acid anhydrous is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks and candies. Within the European Union it is denoted by E number E330. Citrate salts of various metals are used to deliver those minerals in a biologically available form in many dietary supplements. Citric acid anhydrous has 247 kcal per 100 g. In the United States the purity requirements for Citric acid anhydrous as a food additive are defined by the Food Chemicals Codex, which is published by the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Citric acid anhydrous can be added to ice cream as an emulsifying agent to keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization, or in recipes in place of fresh lemon juice. Citric acid anhydrous is used with sodium bicarbonate in a wide range of effervescent formulae, both for ingestion (e.g., powders and tablets) and for personal care (e.g., bath salts, bath bombs, and cleaning of grease). Citric acid anhydrous sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as "sour salt", due to its physical resemblance to table salt. It has use in culinary applications, as an alternative to vinegar or lemon juice, where a pure acid is needed. Citric acid anhydrous can be used in food coloring to balance the pH level of a normally basic dye. Cleaning and chelating agent of Citric acid anhydrous Structure of an iron(III) citrate complex. Citric acid anhydrous is an excellent chelating agent, binding metals by making them soluble. It is used to remove and discourage the buildup of limescale from boilers and evaporators. It can be used to treat water, which makes it useful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. By chelating the metals in hard water, it lets these cleaners produce foam and work better without need for water softening. Citric acid anhydrous is the active ingredient in some bathroom and kitchen cleaning solutions. A solution with a six percent concentration of Citric acid anhydrous will remove hard water stains from glass without scrubbing. Citric acid anhydrous can be used in shampoo to wash out wax and coloring from the hair. Illustrative of its chelating abilities, Citric acid anhydrous was the first successful eluant used for total ion-exchange separation of the lanthanides, during the Manhattan Project in the 1940s. In the 1950s, it was replaced by the far more efficient EDTA. In industry, it is used to dissolve rust from steel and passivate stainless steels. Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and foods Citric acid anhydrous is used as an acidulant in creams, gels, and liquids. Used in foods and dietary supplements, it may be classified as a processing aid if it was added for a technical or functional effect (e.g. acidulent, chelator, viscosifier, etc.). If it is still present in insignificant amounts, and the technical or functional effect is no longer present, it may be exempt from labeling <21 CFR §101.100(c)>. Citric acid anhydrous is an alpha hydroxy acid and is an active ingredient in chemical skin peels. Citric acid anhydrous is commonly used as a buffer to increase the solubility of brown heroin. Citric acid anhydrous is used as one of the active ingredients in the production of facial tissues with antiviral properties. Other uses of Citric acid anhydrous The buffering properties of citrates are used to control pH in household cleaners and pharmaceuticals. Citric acid anhydrous is used as an odorless alternative to white vinegar for home dyeing with acid dyes. Sodium citrate is a component of Benedict's reagent, used for identification both qualitatively and quantitatively of reducing sugars. Citric acid anhydrous can be used as an alternative to nitric acid in passivation of stainless steel. Citric acid anhydrous can be used as a lower-odor stop bath as part of the process for developing photographic film. Photographic developers are alkaline, so a mild acid is used to neutralize and stop their action quickly, but commonly used acetic acid leaves a strong vinegar odor in the darkroom. Citric acid anhydrous/potassium-sodium citrate can be used as a blood acid regulator. Soldering flux. Citric acid anhydrous is an excellent soldering flux, either dry or as a concentrated solution in water. It should be removed after soldering, especially with fine wires, as it is mildly corrosive. It dissolves and rinses quickly in hot water. Synthesis of solid materials from small molecules In materials science, the Citrate-gel method is a process similar to the sol-gel method, which is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. During the synthetic process, metal salts or alkoxides are introduced into a Citric acid anhydrous solution. The formation of citric complexes is believed to balance the difference in individual behavior of ions in solution, which results in a better distribution of ions and prevents the separation of components at later process stages. The polycondensation of ethylene glycol and Citric acid anhydrous starts above 100°С, resulting in polymer citrate gel formation. Safety of Citric acid anhydrous Although a weak acid, exposure to pure Citric acid anhydrous can cause adverse effects. Inhalation may cause cough, shortness of breath, or sore throat. Over-ingestion may cause abdominal pain and sore throat. Exposure of concentrated solutions to skin and eyes can cause redness and pain. Long-term or repeated consumption may cause erosion of tooth enamel. Citric acid anhydrous is an acidic compound from citrus fruits; as a starting point in the Krebs cycle, citrate is a key intermediate in metabolism. Citric acid is one of a series of compounds responsible for the physiological oxidation of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins to carbon dioxide and water. It has been used to prepare citrate buffer for antigen retrieval of tissue samples. The citrate solution is designed to break protein cross-links, thus unmasking antigens and epitopes in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue sections, and resulting in enhanced staining intensity of antibodies. Citrate has anticoagulant activity; as a calcium chelator, it forms complexes that disrupt the tendency of blood to clot. May be used to adjust pH and as a sequestering agent for the removal of trace metals. Additional forms available: Citric Acid, Anhydrous (sc-211113) Sodium Citrate, Dihydrate (sc-203383) Citric Acid Trisodium Salt (sc-214745) Sodium citrate monobasic (sc-215869) Sodium citrate tribasic hydrate (sc-236898) Citrate Concentrated Solution (sc-294091) This monograph for Citric Acid, Anhydrous, and Citric Acid, Monohydrate provides, in addition to common physical constants, a general description including typical appearance, applications, change in state (approximate), and aqueous solubility. The monograph also details the following specifications, corresponding tests for verifying that a substance meets ACS Reagent Grade specifications including: Assay, Insoluble Matter, Residue after Ignition, Chloride, Oxalate, Phosphate, Sulfur Compounds (as SO, Iron, Lead, and Substances Carbonizable by Hot Sulfuric Acid (Tartrates, etc.). Citric acid is a naturally occurring fruit acid, produced commercially by microbial fermentation of a carbohydrate substrate. Citric acid is the most widely used organic acid and pH-control agent in foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals and technical applications. Citric acid anhydrous occurs as colourless crystals or as white, crystalline powder with a strongly acidic taste. It is efflorescent in dry air, very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol (96 %) and sparingly soluble in ether. Citric acid anhydrous is non-toxic and has a low reactivity. It is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures. Citric acid anhydrous is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage. Citric acid anhydrous is found naturally in citrus fruits, especially lemons and limes. It’s what gives them their tart, sour taste. A manufactured form of Citric acid anhydrous is commonly used as an additive in food, cleaning agents, and nutritional supplements. However, this manufactured form differs from what’s found naturally in citrus fruits. For this reason, you may wonder whether it’s good or bad for you. This article explains the differences between natural and manufactured Citric acid anhydrous, and explores its benefits, uses, and safety. What Is Citric acid anhydrous? Citric acid anhydrous was first derived from lemon juice by a Swedish researcher in 1784. The odorless and colorless compound was produced from lemon juice until the early 1900s when researchers discovered that it could also be made from the black mold, Aspergillus niger, which creates Citric acid anhydrous when it feeds on sugar. Because of its acidic, sour-tasting nature, Citric acid anhydrous is predominantly used as a flavoring and preserving agent — especially in soft drinks and candies. It’s also used to stabilize or preserve medicines and as a disinfectant against viruses and bacteria. Citric acid anhydrous is a compound originally derived from lemon juice. It’s produced today from a specific type of mold and used in a variety of applications. Natural Food Sources Citrus fruits and their juices are the best natural sources of Citric acid anhydrous. In fact, the word citric originates from the Latin word citrus. Examples of citrus fruits include: lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, tangerines, pomelos Other fruits also contain Citric acid anhydrous but in lesser amounts. These include: pineapple, strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, cherries, tomatoes Beverages or food products that contain these fruits — such as ketchup in the case of tomatoes — also contain Citric acid anhydrous. While not naturally occurring, Citric acid anhydrous is also a byproduct of cheese, wine, and sourdough bread production. The Citric acid anhydrous listed in the ingredients of foods and supplements is manufactured — not what’s naturally found in citrus fruits. This is because producing this additive from citrus fruits is too expensive and the demand far exceeds the supply. Lemons, limes, and other citrus fruits are the predominant natural sources of Citric acid anhydrous. Other fruits that contain much less include certain berries, cherries, and tomatoes. Artificial Sources and Uses of Citric acid anhydrous The characteristics of Citric acid anhydrous make it an important additive for a variety of industries. Food and beverages use an estimated 70% of manufactured Citric acid anhydrous, pharmaceutical and dietary supplements use 20%, and the remaining 10% goes into cleaning agents. Food Industry of Citric acid anhydrous Manufactured Citric acid anhydrous is one of the most common food additives in the world. It’s used to boost acidity, enhance flavor, and preserve ingredients. Sodas, juices, powdered beverages, candies, frozen foods, and some dairy products often contain manufactured Citric acid anhydrous. It’s also added to canned fruits and vegetables to protect against botulism, a rare but serious illness caused by the toxin-producing Clostridium botulinum bacteria. Medicines and Dietary Supplements Citric acid anhydrous is an industrial staple in medicines and dietary supplements. It’s added to medicines to help stabilize and preserve the active ingredients and used to enhance or mask the taste of chewable and syrup-based medications. Mineral supplements, such as magnesium and calcium, may contain Citric acid anhydrous — in the form of citrate — as well to enhance absorption. Disinfecting and Cleaning Citric acid anhydrous is a useful disinfectant against a variety of bacteria and viruses. A test-tube study showed that it may be effective in treating or preventing human norovirus, a leading cause of foodborne illness. Citric acid anhydrous is commercially sold as a general disinfectant and cleaning agent for removing soap scum, hard water stains, lime, and rust. It’s viewed as a safer alternative to conventional disinfectant and cleaning products, such as quat and chlorine bleach. Citric acid anhydrous is a versatile additive for food, beverages, medicines, and dietary supplements, as well as cleaning and disinfecting products. Health Benefits and Body Uses of Citric acid anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous has many impressive health benefits and functions. Metabolizes Energy Citrate — a closely related molecule of Citric acid anhydrous — is the first molecule that forms during a process called the Citric acid anhydrous cycle. Also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle, these chemical reactions in your body help transform food into usable energy. Humans and other organisms derive the majority of their energy from this cycle. Enhances Nutrient Absorption Supplemental minerals are available in a variety of forms. But not all forms are created equal, as your body uses some more effectively. Citric acid anhydrous enhances the bioavailability of minerals, allowing your body to better absorb them. For example, calcium citrate doesn’t require stomach acid for absorption. It also has fewer side effects — such as gas, bloating, or constipation — than another form called calcium carbonate. Thus, calcium citrate is a better option for people with less stomach acid, like older adults. Similarly, magnesium in the citrate form is absorbed more completely and is more bioavailable than magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate. Citric acid anhydrous also enhances the absorption of zinc supplements. May Protect Against Kidney Stones Citric acid anhydrous — in the form of potassium citrate — prevents new kidney stone formation and breaks apart those already formed. Citric acid anhydrous protects against kidney stones by making your urine less favorable for the formation of stones. Kidney stones are often treated with Citric acid anhydrous as potassium citrate. However, consuming foods high in this natural acid — like citrus fruits — can offer similar stone-preventing benefits. Safety and Risks Manufactured Citric acid anhydrous is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . No scientific studies exist investigating the safety of manufactured Citric acid anhydrous when consumed in large amounts for long periods. Still, there have been reports of sickness and allergic reactions to the additive. One report found joint pain with swelling and stiffness, muscular and stomach pain, as well as shortness of breath in four people after they consumed foods containing manufactured Citric acid anhydrous. These same symptoms were not observed in people consuming natural forms of the acid, such as lemons and limes. Researchers acknowledged that they couldn’t prove the manufactured Citric acid anhydrous was responsible for those symptoms but recommended that its use in foods and beverages be further studied. In either case, the scientists suggested that the symptoms were most likely related to the mold used to produce the Citric acid anhydrous rather than the compound itself. The Bottom Line Citric acid anhydrous is naturally found in citrus fruits, but synthetic versions — produced from a type of mold — are commonly added to foods, medicines, supplements, and cleaning agents. While mold residues from the manufacturing process may trigger allergies in rare cases, Citric acid anhydrous is generally deemed safe. Anhydrous Citric acid anhydrous is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid anhydrous is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood. Citric acid anhydrous and its salts are naturally occurring constituents and common metabolites in plants and animal tissues. Citric acid anhydrous is an intermediary compound in the Krebs cycle linking oxidative metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat. The concentration of naturally occurring citrate is relatively higher in fruits, particularly citrus fruits and juices than vegetables and animal tissues. In human (as well as in animal and plant) physiology, Citric acid anhydrous is a very common intermediate in one of the central biochemical cycles, the Krebs or tricarboxylic acid cycle, which takes place in every cell. It completes the breakdown of pyruvate formed from glucose through glycolysis, thereby liberating carbon dioxide and a further four hydrogen atoms which are picked up by electron transport molecules. Thus, in man approximately 2 kg of Citric acid anhydrous are formed and metabolised every day. This physiological pathway is very well developed and capable of processing very high amounts of Citric acid anhydrous as long as it occurs in low concentrations. The NK, and to a lesser extent the NK, receptors have been shown to be involved with Citric acid anhydrous-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig, which is in part mediated by endogenously released bradykinin. Tachykinins and bradykinin could also modulate Citric acid anhydrous-induced bronchoconstriction. ... Bronchoconstriction induced by Citric acid anhydrous inhalation in the guinea pig, mainly caused by the tachykinin NK receptor, is counteracted by bronchoprotective NO after activation of bradykinin B and tachykinin NK receptors in airway epithelium. A concentration of 47.6 mmol/L of Citric acid anhydrous (pH 2.3) in water led to total cell death within three minutes of incubation /with gingival fibroblasts (GF)/. Media containing 23.8 mmol/L and 47.6 mmol/L of Citric acid anhydrous exerted strong cytotoxicity (47 to 90 per cent of cell death) and inhibited protein synthesis (IC50 = 0.28 per cent) of GF within three hours of incubation. Incubation of cells in a medium containing 11.9 mmol/L of Citric acid anhydrous also suppressed the attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on culture plates and Type I collagen, with 58 per cent and 22 per cent of inhibition, respectively. Culture medium supplemented with 11.9, 23.8 and 47.6 mmol/L of Citric acid anhydrous also led to extracellular acidosis by decreasing the pH value from 7.5 to 6.3, 5.2 and 3.8, respectively. Malic acid and deferoxamine mesylate were the most effective in increasing the urinary excretion of aluminum. Citric acid anhydrous was the most effective in increasing the fecal excretion of aluminum. Malonic, oxalic and succinic acids had no overall beneficial effects. Citric acid anhydrous would appear to be the most effective agent of those tested in the prevention of acute aluminium intoxication. The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, produced Citric acid anhydrouss in liquid cultures containing grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) cuticle as the sole nutrient source. Citric acid anhydrouss solubilized cuticular proteins as well as commercial preparations of elastin and collagen. Melanoplus sanguinipes treated with Beauveria bassiana showed a LT50 of 7.33 days, while Melanoplus sanguinipes treated with Citric acid anhydrous showed a LT50 of 7.25 and 13.28 days, respectively. Melanoplus sanguinipes treated with Citric acid anhydrous followed by a Beauveria bassiana conidia treatment showed a LT50 of 3.88 days. Analysis of the bioassay data revealed that the relationship between Citric acid anhydrous together with Beauveria bassiana conidia in grasshopper mortality was markedly synergistic. It is suggested that acid metabolites produced by Beauveria bassiana may play a role in cuticle solubilization and subsequent hyphal penetration. Citric acid anhydrous's production and use as an acidulant in beverages, confectionery, effervescent salts, in pharmaceutical syrups, elixirs; in processing cheese, in chemical manufacture, a foam inhibitor, a sequestering agent, a mordant, in electroplating, in special inks, an anticoagulant, and in water-conditioning agent and detergent builder may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Citric acid anhydrous is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.66X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Citric acid anhydrous will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase Citric acid anhydrous will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Citric acid anhydrous absorbs light at wavelengths up to 260 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm. If released to soil, Citric acid anhydrous is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. The pKa of Citric acid anhydrous is 2.79, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Citric acid anhydrous is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Citric acid anhydrous reached 53% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sludge inoculum, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, Citric acid anhydrous is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Theoretical biodegradation values of 66.4% and 67.3% after 5 days using freshwater and seawater inoculums, respectively, indicate that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water. The pKa indicates Citric acid anhydrous will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to Citric acid anhydrous may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Citric acid anhydrous is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Citric acid anhydrous via

2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; Citric acid, AR,≥99.5%(T); Citric acid anhydrou; Citric Acid Anhydrous,citric acid anhydrous bp,citric acid anhydrous; anhydrouscitricacid;beta-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; beta-hydroxytricarballylicacid; beta-hydroxy-tricarboxylicacid; AMMONIACAL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE BUFFER CAS NO:77-92-9

Citric acid Introduction Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative Functions and Applications Test Items Specification Results Characters Colourless Translucent Crystals Or As White, Fine, Crystalline Powder Colourless Translucent Crystals Or As White, Fine, Crystalline Powder Identification Pass Test Pass Test Clarity And Colour OfSolution Pass Test Pass Test Content 99.5-100.5% 100.00% Moisture 7.5-8.8% 8.70% Oxalic Acid ≤100mg/Kg <100mg/Kg Sulphate ≤150ppm <150ppm Readily Carbonisable Substances Abs ≤0.52 <0.52 Tra ≥30% >30% Residue On Ignition (Sulphated Ash) ≤0.05% 0.01% Heavy Metals ≤10ppm <5ppm Arsenic ≤1mg/Kg <0.1mg/Kg Lead ≤0.5mg/Kg <0.1mg/Kg Mercury ≤1mg/Kg <0.1mg/Kg Aluminium ≤0.2ppm <0.2ppm Bacterial Endotoxins ≤0.5Iu/Mg <0.5Iu/Mg Isociric Acid (Relative Substances) Pass Test Pass Test Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pass Test Pass Test Trilaurylamine ≤0.1mg/Kg <0.1mg/Kg Sterility Pass Test Pass Test Barium Pass Test Pass Test Calcium ≤200ppm <200ppm Iron ≤50ppm <50ppm Chloride ≤50ppm <50ppm Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood. Citric acid monohydrate is an organic molecular entity. ChEBI Description Catalogue Number 100244 Replaces CX1725-1; CX1725-3; CX1725 Synonyms 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, Hydroxytricarballylic acid Product Information CAS number 5949-29-1 EC number 201-069-1 Grade ACS,ISO,Reag. Ph Eur Hill Formula C₆H₈O₇ * H₂O Molar Mass 210.14 g/mol HS Code 2918 14 00 Structure formula Image Structure formula Image Quality Level MQ300 Physicochemical Information Density 1.54 g/cm3 (20 °C) Flash point 173.9 °C Not applicable Melting Point 135 - 152 °C pH value 1.85 (50 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C) Vapor pressure <1 Pa (25 °C) Bulk density 800 - 1000 kg/m3 Solubility 880 g/l Citric acid is a weak organic acid that has the molecular formula C6H8O7. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms. More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as an acidifier, as a flavoring and a chelating agent.[9] A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solution. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. Natural occurrence and industrial production Lemons, oranges, limes, and other citrus fruits possess high concentrations of citric acid Citric acid exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/l in the juices[10]).[a] The concentrations of citric acid in citrus fruits range from 0.005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes; these values vary within species depending upon the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown. Industrial-scale citric acid production first began in 1890 based on the Italian citrus fruit industry, where the juice was treated with hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) to precipitate calcium citrate, which was isolated and converted back to the acid using diluted sulfuric acid.[11] In 1893, C. Wehmer discovered Penicillium mold could produce citric acid from sugar. However, microbial production of citric acid did not become industrially important until World War I disrupted Italian citrus exports. In 1917, American food chemist James Currie discovered certain strains of the mold Aspergillus niger could be efficient citric acid producers, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer began industrial-level production using this technique two years later, followed by Citrique Belge in 1929. In this production technique, which is still the major industrial route to citric acid used today, cultures of A. niger are fed on a sucrose or glucose-containing medium to produce citric acid. The source of sugar is corn steep liquor, molasses, hydrolyzed corn starch, or other inexpensive, sugary solution.[12] After the mold is filtered out of the resulting solution, citric acid is isolated by precipitating it with calcium hydroxide to yield calcium citrate salt, from which citric acid is regenerated by treatment with sulfuric acid, as in the direct extraction from citrus fruit juice. In 1977, a patent was granted to Lever Brothers for the chemical synthesis of citric acid starting either from aconitic or isocitrate/alloisocitrate calcium salts under high pressure conditions; this produced citric acid in near quantitative conversion under what appeared to be a reverse, non-enzymatic Krebs cycle reaction.[13] Global production was in excess of 2,000,000 tons in 2018.[14] More than 50% of this volume was produced in China. More than 50% was used as an acidity regulator in beverages, some 20% in other food applications, 20% for detergent applications, and 10% for applications other than food, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and in the chemical industry.[citation needed] Chemical characteristics Citric acid crystals (crystallized from an aqueous solution) under a microscope. Speciation diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of citric acid Citric acid was first isolated in 1784 by the chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who crystallized it from lemon juice.[15][11][16] It can exist either in an anhydrous (water-free) form or as a monohydrate. The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when citric acid is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C. Citric acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C. It decomposes with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C. Citric acid is normally considered to be a tribasic acid, with pKa values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 2.92, 4.28, and 5.21 at 25 °C.[17] The pKa of the hydroxyl group has been found, by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy, to be 14.4.[18] The speciation diagram shows that solutions of citric acid are buffer solutions between about pH 2 and pH 8. In biological systems around pH 7, the two species present are the citrate ion and mono-hydrogen citrate ion. The SSC 20X hybridization buffer is an example in common use.[19] Tables compiled for biochemical studies[20] are available. On the other hand, the pH of a 1 mM solution of citric acid will be about 3.2. The pH of fruit juices from citrus fruits like oranges and lemons depends on the citric acid concentration, being lower for higher acid concentration and conversely. Acid salts of citric acid can be prepared by careful adjustment of the pH before crystallizing the compound. See, for example, sodium citrate. The citrate ion forms complexes with metallic cations. The stability constants for the formation of these complexes are quite large because of the chelate effect. Consequently, it forms complexes even with alkali metal cations. However, when a chelate complex is formed using all three carboxylate groups, the chelate rings have 7 and 8 members, which are generally less stable thermodynamically than smaller chelate rings. In consequence, the hydroxyl group can be deprotonated, forming part of a more stable 5-membered ring, as in ammonium ferric citrate, (NH 4) 5Fe(C 6H 4O 7) 2·2H 2O.[21] Citric acid can be esterified at one or more of the carboxylic acid functional groups on the molecule (using a variety of alcohols), to form any of a variety of mono-, di-, tri-, and mixed esters.[citation needed] Biochemistry Citric acid cycle Main article: Citric acid cycle Citrate is an intermediate in the TCA cycle (aka TriCarboxylic Acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, Szent-Györgyi), a central metabolic pathway for animals, plants, and bacteria. Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate for aconitase and is converted into aconitic acid. The cycle ends with regeneration of oxaloacetate. This series of chemical reactions is the source of two-thirds of the food-derived energy in higher organisms. Hans Adolf Krebs received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery. Some bacteria (notably E. coli) can produce and consume citrate internally as part of their TCA cycle, but are unable to use it as food because they lack the enzymes required to import it into the cell. After tens of thousand of evolutions in a minimal glucose medium that also contained citrate during Richard Lenski's Long-Term Evolution Experiment, a variant E. coli evolved with the ability to grow aerobically on citrate. Zachary Blount, a student of Lenski's, and colleagues studied these "Cit+" E. coli[22][23] as a model for how novel traits evolve. They found evidence that, in this case, the innovation was caused by a rare duplication mutation due to the accumulation of several prior "potentiating" mutations, the identity and effects of which are still under study. The evolution of the Cit+ trait has been considered a notable example of the role of historical contingency in evolution. Other biological roles Citrate can be transported out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm, then broken down into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, and into oxaloacetate. Citrate is a positive modulator of this conversion, and allosterically regulates the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is the regulating enzyme in the conversion of acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA (the commitment step in fatty acid synthesis). In short, citrate is transported into the cytoplasm, converted into acetyl CoA, which is then converted into malonyl CoA by acetyl CoA carboxylase, which is allosterically modulated by citrate. High concentrations of cytosolic citrate can inhibit phosphofructokinase, the catalyst of a rate-limiting step of glycolysis. This effect is advantageous: high concentrations of citrate indicate that there is a large supply of biosynthetic precursor molecules, so there is no need for phosphofructokinase to continue to send molecules of its substrate, fructose 6-phosphate, into glycolysis. Citrate acts by augmenting the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of ATP, another sign that there is no need to carry out glycolysis.[24] Citrate is a vital component of bone, helping to regulate the size of apatite crystals.[25] Applications Food and drink Powdered citric acid being used to prepare lemon pepper seasoning Because it is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant use of citric acid is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks and candies.[11] Within the European Union it is denoted by E number E330. Citrate salts of various metals are used to deliver those minerals in a biologically available form in many dietary supplements. Citric acid has 247 kcal per 100 g.[26] In the United States the purity requirements for citric acid as a food additive are defined by the Food Chemicals Codex, which is published by the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Citric acid can be added to ice cream as an emulsifying agent to keep fats from separating, to caramel to prevent sucrose crystallization, or in recipes in place of fresh lemon juice. Citric acid is used with sodium bicarbonate in a wide range of effervescent formulae, both for ingestion (e.g., powders and tablets) and for personal care (e.g., bath salts, bath bombs, and cleaning of grease). Citric acid sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as "sour salt", due to its physical resemblance to table salt. It has use in culinary applications, as an alternative to vinegar or lemon juice, where a pure acid is needed. Citric acid can be used in food coloring to balance the pH level of a normally basic dye.[citation needed] Cleaning and chelating agent Citric acid is an excellent chelating agent, binding metals by making them soluble. It is used to remove and discourage the buildup of limescale from boilers and evaporators.[11] It can be used to treat water, which makes it useful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. By chelating the metals in hard water, it lets these cleaners produce foam and work better without need for water softening. Citric acid is the active ingredient in some bathroom and kitchen cleaning solutions. A solution with a six percent concentration of citric acid will remove hard water stains from glass without scrubbing. Citric acid can be used in shampoo to wash out wax and coloring from the hair. Illustrative of its chelating abilities, citric acid was the first successful eluant used for total ion-exchange separation of the lanthanides, during the Manhattan Project in the 1940s. In the 1950s, it was replaced by the far more efficient EDTA. In industry, it is used to dissolve rust from steel and passivate stainless steels.[27] Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and foods Citric acid is used as an acidulant in creams, gels, and liquids. Used in foods and dietary supplements, it may be classified as a processing aid if it was added for a technical or functional effect (e.g. acidulent, chelator, viscosifier, etc.). If it is still present in insignificant amounts, and the technical or functional effect is no longer present, it may be exempt from labeling <21 CFR §101.100(c)>. Citric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid and is an active ingredient in chemical skin peels.[citation needed] Citric acid is commonly used as a buffer to increase the solubility of brown heroin.[28] Citric acid is used as one of the active ingredients in the production of facial tissues with antiviral properties.[29] Other uses The buffering properties of citrates are used to control pH in household cleaners and pharmaceuticals. Citric acid is used as an odorless alternative to white vinegar for home dyeing with acid dyes. Sodium citrate is a component of Benedict's reagent, used for identification both qualitatively and quantitatively of reducing sugars. Citric acid can be used as an alternative to nitric acid in passivation of stainless steel.[30] Citric acid can be used as a lower-odor stop bath as part of the process for developing photographic film. Photographic developers are alkaline, so a mild acid is used to neutralize and stop their action quickly, but commonly used acetic acid leaves a strong vinegar odor in the darkroom.[31] Citric acid/potassium-sodium citrate can be used as a blood acid regulator. Soldering flux. Citric acid is an excellent soldering flux,[32] either dry or as a concentrated solution in water. It should be removed after soldering, especially with fine wires, as it is mildly corrosive. It dissolves and rinses quickly in hot water. Synthesis of solid materials from small molecules In materials science, the Citrate-gel method is a process similar to the sol-gel method, which is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. During the synthetic process, metal salts or alkoxides are introduced into a citric acid solution. The formation of citric complexes is believed to balance the difference in individual behavior of ions in solution, which results in a better distribution of ions and prevents the separation of components at later process stages. The polycondensation of ethylene glycol and citric acid starts above 100 °С, resulting in polymer citrate gel formation. Safety Although a weak acid, exposure to pure citric acid can cause adverse effects. Inhalation may cause cough, shortness of breath, or sore throat. Over-ingestion may cause abdominal pain and sore throat. Exposure of concentrated solutions to skin and eyes can cause redness and pain.[33] Long-term or repeated consumption may cause erosion of tooth enamel. Anhydrous Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood. Citric acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water. (USCG, 1999) Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. It has a role as a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a citrate(1-) and a citrate anion. Molecular Weight of Citric Acid: 192.12 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3 of Citric Acid: -1.7 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Citric Acid: 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Citric Acid: 7 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Citric Acid: 5 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Massof Citric Acid: 192.027003 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Citric Acid: 192.027003 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Citric Acid: 132 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Citric Acid: 13 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Citric Acid: 227 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Citric Acid: 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Citric Acid: 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Citric Acid Is Canonicalized Yes

CITRONELLAL, N° CAS : 106-23-0, Nom INCI : CITRONELLAL, Nom chimique : 6-Octenal, 3,7-dimethyl-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-376-6. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. 3,7-Diméthyl-6-octènal; beta-Citronellal; Diméthyl-3,7 octènal-6. Noms anglais : 6-Octenal, 3,7-dimethyl-; Citronellal; Citronelal (es); Citronelalis (lt); Citronellal (cs); Citronellale (it); Citronellál (hu); Citronelāls (lv); Cytronelal (pl); Sitronellaali (fi); Tsitronellaal (et); Ċitronellal (mt); Κιτρονελλάλη (el); Цитронелал (bg); CAS names; 6-Octenal, 3,7-dimethyl- 1H-3a,7-Methanoazulen-6-ol, Octahydro-3,6,8,8,-Tetramethyl-, (3R,3aS,6R,7R,8aS)- 3,7-DIMETHYL-6-OCTEN-1-AL 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenal 3,7-dimethyloct -6-enal 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-al 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal Citronellal;EIN & INCI, syn:6-Octenal, 3,7-dimethyl- Trade names .beta.-Citronellal 2,3-Dihydrocitral 6-Octenal, 3,7-dimethyl- (8CI, 9CI) beta-citronellal Rhodinal

CITRONELLOL, N° CAS : 106-22-9 / 26489-01-0 / 7540-51-4 / 1117-61-9 - Citronellol, Autre langue : Citronelol, Nom INCI : CITRONELLOL, Nom chimique : 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-375-0 / 247-737-6 / 231-415-7 / 214-250-5, Ses fonctions (INCI) . Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

CITRONELLYL ACETATE, N° CAS : 150-84-5, Nom INCI : CITRONELLYL ACETATE, Nom chimique : 6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-,acetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-775-0, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

CITRUS LIMON FRUIT OIL, N° CAS : 8008-56-8 - Huile de citron, Origine(s) : Végétale, Autres langues : Aceite de limon, Lemon oil, Olio di limone, Zitronenöl, Nom INCI : CITRUS LIMON FRUIT OIL, Classification : Règlementé, Huile essentielle. Ses fonctions (INCI): Astringent : Permet de resserrer les pores de la peau: Tonifiant : Produit une sensation de bien-être sur la peau et les cheveux

CITRYL ACETATE, N° CAS : 16409-44-2, Nom INCI : CITRYL ACETATE, Nom chimique : 3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl Acetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 240-458-0, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

BENZYL CINNAMATE, N° CAS : 103-41-3 , Cinnamate de benzyle, Nom INCI : BENZYL CINNAMATE. Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl, phenylmethyl ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-109-3. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

cichorium intybus leaf extract; extract of the leaves of the chicory, cichorium intybus l., asteraceae; chicory leaf extract; cichorium byzantinum leaf extract; cichorium cicorea leaf extract; cichorium glabratum leaf extract; cichorium glaucum leaf extract; cichorium intybus subsp. glabratum leaf extract; cichorium intybus var. eglandulosum leaf extract; cichorium intybus var. glabratum leaf extract; cichorium perenne leaf extract; cichorium rigidum leaf extract; cichorium sylvestre leaf extract; extract of the leaves of the chicory, cichorium intybus l., asteraceae; succory leaf extract; succory leaves extract CAS NO:68650-43-1

CIRE D'ABEILLE; CIRE D'ABEILLE JAUNE; BEESWAX; BEESWAX (WHITE); BEESWAX ABSOLUTE; BEESWAX WHITE; BEESWAX YELLOW; BEESWAX, ABSOLUTE; YELLOW BEESWAX. Utilisation: Cire, fabrication de produits pharmaceutiquesCERA ALBA, N° CAS : 8012-89-3 - Cire d'Abeille, Autres langues : Beeswax, Bienenwachs, Cera d'api, Cera de abejas, Nom INCI : CERA ALBA, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-383-7, Additif alimentaire : E901, La cire d'abeille est sécrétée par les abeilles et permet de fabriquer les "nids", dans lesquels le miel pourra être stocké. Les deux sont récoltés en même temps par les apiculteurs, qui les séparent ensuite par gravité en les chauffant. La cire une fois récupérée est purifiée pour pouvoir être utilisée. La cire d'abeille est un corps gras utilisé en cosmétique comme épaississant ou émulsifiant. Elle dispose de propriétés protectrices et hydratantes. Elle forme un film protecteur doux sur la peau, de plus, contrairement aux cires issues du pétrole comme la paraffine ou la vaseline, si elle est formulée correctement, elle ne bouche pas les pores.Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Noms français : CIRE D'ABEILLE; CIRE D'ABEILLE JAUNE. Noms anglais : BEESWAX; BEESWAX (WHITE); BEESWAX ABSOLUTE; BEESWAX WHITE; BEESWAX YELLOW; BEESWAX, ABSOLUTE; YELLOW BEESWAX. Utilisation: Cire, fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques

cinnamon bark absolute; volatile absolute expressed from the bark of the cinnamon, cinnamomum zeylanicum, lauraceae; cinnamomum verum bark absolute; cinnamomum zeylanicum bark absolute CAS NO:8015-91-6

LANOLIN CERA, N° CAS : 68201-49-0 - Cire de lanoline, Autres langues : Cera de lanolina, Cera di lanolina, Lanolin wax, Lanolinwachs. Nom INCI : LANOLIN CERA. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 269-220-4. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Principaux synonymes. Noms français : CIRE DE LANOLINE. Noms anglais : DE-OILED LANOLIN; LANOLIN WAX; LANOLIN, WAX WAXES, LANOLIN. Utilisation et sources d'émission : Produit organique, fabrication de cosmétiques

ERA MICROCRISTALLINA, N° CAS : 63231-60-7 64742-42-3 - Cire de paraffine, Autres langues : Cera parafina, Paraffin wax, Paraffina, Paraffinwachs, Nom INCI : CERA MICROCRISTALLINA Nom chimique : Microcristallina Cera Microcrystalline Wax (U.S.), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 264-038-1 265-144-0. Cette cire de type plastique est hautement raffinée. Elle est dérivée du pétrole et purifiée pour une utilisation en cosmétique. Dans les produits cosmétiques elle est utilisée comme épaississant et pour donner aux produits une texture lisse semi-solide à solide. Elle est interdite en Bio. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

PROPOLIS CERA, N° CAS : 85665-41-4 - Cire de propolis (issu de la ruche), Origine(s) : Animale. Nom INCI : PROPOLIS CERA. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 288-130-6. Ses fonctions (INCI). Anti-séborrhée : Aide à contrôler la production de sébum. Hydratant : Augmente la teneur en eau de la peau et aide à la maintenir douce et lisse. Agent lissant : Diminue la rugosité ou les irrégularités pour rendre la peau uniforme

ZINC CITRATE N° CAS : 546-46-3 - Citrate de Zinc "Satisfaisant" dans toutes les catégories. Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique Nom INCI : ZINC CITRATE Nom chimique : Trizinc dicitrate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-901-2 Classification : Règlementé. Le citrate de Zinc est principalement utilisé dans les produits d'hygiène bucco-dentaires en tant qu'agent antimicrobiens. Il agit particulièrement bien avec du Triclosan (bien que cet ingrédient soit particulièrement controversé, et suspecté d'être un perturbateur endocrinien). C'est aussi un actif contre le tartre qui peut venir appuyer l'action du fluor. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Ses fonctions (INCI) Antiplaque : Aide à protéger contre la formation de plaque dentaire Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

SYNONYMS (±)-cis-3-Hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid CAS NO:4298-05-9

SYNONYMS (2S,4S)-(−)-4-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, CHP CAS NO:618-27-9

SYNONYMS CelexaTM;(±)-1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3- dihydroisobenzofuran- 5-carbonitrile, hydrobromide; 1-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)- 1,3-dihydro- 5- isobenzofuran carbonitrile hydrobromide; cas no:59729-33-8 (Base)

2-Hydroxy-1,2,3,propane-tricarboxylic acid monohydrate; Hydrous citric acid; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid monohydrate; Citric acid hydrate; Citric acid monohydrate; Acidum citricum monohydricum CAS NO: 5949-29-1

Nom UICPA acide 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylique. Synonymes : acide 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioïque. No CAS : 77-92-9 (anhydre), cas no: 5949-29-1 (monohydrate), No CE 201-069-1. L'acide citrique est un additif alimentaire (numéro E33023) préparé industriellement par fermentation fongique et utilisé dans l'industrie alimentaire comme acidifiant (soda, bonbons acidulés ), correcteur d’acidité, agent de levuration, dans la composition d'arôme. E330 est biosynthétisé par des micro-organismes (moisissures comme Aspergillus niger) cultivés sur un substrat contenant habituellement de la mélasse et/ou du glucose. Les micro-organismes peuvent avoir été modifiés génétiquement pour augmenter le rendement. Peut être utilisé dans les boissons gazeuses sous forme de citrate de magnésium Mg3(C6H5O7)2, 4H2O.Produits cosmétiques et pharmaceutiques. Le citrate se lie au calcium sanguin, ce dernier étant nécessaire, entre autres, à la coagulation sanguine. Ceci est à l'origine de ses propriétés anticoagulantes, employées en laboratoire et pour la conservation des produits sanguins. Le citrate est utilisé en épuration extra-rénale continue en tant qu'anticoagulant régional dans le circuit d'épuration et surtout le filtre. Cette propriété est basée sur la chélation du calcium ionisé et rend nécessaire d'administrer du calcium en supplément. Le citrate est aussi utilisé sous forme de citrate de potassium ou de sodium pour l’alcalinisation des urines et la prévention des calculs urinaires, en particulier en cas d'hypocitraturie où leur utilisation réduit le risque de récidive de lithiases calciques en inhibant la croissance des calculs d'oxalate de calcium et de phosphate de calcium. Toutefois, du fait de ses effets secondaires, ce traitement n'est que peu toléré sur le long terme et on lui préfère souvent l’absorption de deux verres de jus d'orange par jour. 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monohydrate; 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid hydrate; 2-Hydroxypropanetricarboxylic acid; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioic acid; Aciletten; Anhydrous citric acid; Chemfill; Citretten; Citric acid hydrate; CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE; Citric acid, anhydrous; Citric acid, monohydrate; Citro; Hydrocerol A; Kyselina 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova; Kyselina citronova. Translated names; Acid citric (ro); Acide citrique (fr); Acido citrico (it); Aċidu ċitriku (mt); Citric acid (no); Citrinų rūgštis (lt); Citroenzuur (nl); Citromsav (hu); Citronensäure (de); Citronska kislina (sl); Citronskābe (lv); Citronsyra (sv); citronsyre (da); Kwas cytrynowy (pl); kyselina citronová (cs); kyselina citrónová (sk); Limunska kiselina (hr); Sidrunhape (et); Sitruunahappo (fi); Ácido cítrico (es); Κιτρικό οξύ (el); Лимонена киселина (bg). : 2-hydorxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxy -1,2,3 propane tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid;2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid monohydrate; 2-Hydroxypropan-1,2,3-tricarbonsäure; 2-HYDROXYPROPANE-1, 2, 3-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic; 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid anhydrous; 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, Hydroxytricarballylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;hydrate; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-trioic acid; 2-hydroxypropane-l,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropane.1,2,3-tricaboxylic; 3-carbossi-3-idrossi-1,5-pentandioic acid; 3-carboxy-3-hydroxy pentanedioic acid; 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid; 3-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, anhydrous; 3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,5-pentanedioic acid; 3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,5-pentanedioic acid.; 3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,5-pentaneioicacid; acido 3-carbossi-3-idrossi-1,5-pentandioico; acido citrico anidro; Anhydrous form: 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; Monohydrated form: 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monohydrate; CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS; citric acid; 3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,5-pentanedioic acid;citric acid ; CITROMSAV-MONOHIDRÁT; Citronensäure, wasserfrei; hydroxypropene - 1,2,3 - tricarboxylic; Acide citrique; ACIDO CITRICO MONOIDRATOCITRIC ACID; Citric Acid Anhydrous; Citric Acid Monohydrate; Citronensäure-Monohydrat; Ácido citrico; ACIDO CITRICO MONOIDRATO; Citronensäure-Monohydrat; Ácido citrico

Citrulline; N5-(Aminocarbonyl)ornithine; (S)-2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid; N(delta)-Carbamylornithine; N5-Carbamoyl-L-ornithine; Sitrulline; delta-Ureidonorvaline; alpha-Amino-delta-ureidovaleric acid; alpha-amino delta-carbamido n-valeric acid; Citrulline; L-2Amino-5-ureidovaleric acid; cas no: 372-75-8

citrullus lanatus fruit extract; watermelon extract;citrullus vulgaris fruit extract ; extract of the fruit of the watermelon, citrullus lanatus, cucurbitaceae CAS NO:90244-99-8