Calcosan; Calcium Dichloride; complexometric; Calplus; Caltac; Dowflake; Liquidow; Peladow; Snomelt; Superflake Anhydrous; CAS NO. 10043-52-4, 139468-93-2 (Anhydrous) 10035-04-8 (Dihydrate) 7774-34-7 (Hexahydrate)

CAS NO:10043-52-4
EC NO:233-140-8


Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.
Calcium chloride is a white coloured crystalline solid at room temperature, and Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water.
Calcium chloride can be created by neutralising hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide.
Calcium chloride can help replenish calcium and can be an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
Calcium chloride is also a pH adjuster/water softener, which is why Calcium chloride is commonly used as a brine in refrigeration plants, as well as a tool for ice and dust control on roads.
Calcium chloride absorbs moisture from the air, and when Calcium chloride’s added to liquids Calcium chloride absorbs water.

Calcium chloride is commonly encountered as a hydrated solid with generic formula CaCl2(H2O)x, where x = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6.
These compounds are mainly used for de-icing and dust control.
Because the anhydrous salt is hygroscopic, Calcium chloride is used as a desiccant.

Uses of Calcium chloride:
By depressing the freezing point of water, calcium chloride is used to prevent ice formation and is used to de-ice.
This application consumes the greatest amount of calcium chloride.
Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil.
As a deicing agent, Calcium chloride is much more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride.
When distributed for this use, Calcium chloride usually takes the form of small, white spheres a few millimeters in diameter, called prills.
Solutions of calcium chloride can prevent freezing at temperatures as low as −52 °C (−62 °F), making Calcium chloride ideal for filling agricultural implement tires as a liquid ballast, aiding traction in cold climates.
Calcium chloride is also used in domestic and industrial chemical air dehumidifiers.

Road surfacing
Calcium chloride was sprayed on this road to prevent weathering, giving Calcium chloride a wet appearance even in dry weather.
The second largest application of calcium chloride exploits Calcium chlorides hygroscopic nature and the tackiness of Calcium chlorides hydrates;
Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and Calcium chlorides hydration is an exothermic reaction.
A concentrated solution keeps a liquid layer on the surface of dirt roads, which suppresses the formation of dust.
Calcium chloride keeps the finer dust particles on the road, providing a cushioning layer.
If these are allowed to blow away, the large aggregate begins to shift around and the road breaks down.
Using calcium chloride reduces the need for grading by as much as 50% and the need for fill-in materials as much as 80%.

Food
The average intake of calcium chloride as food additives has been estimated to be 160–345 mg/day.
Calcium chloride is permitted as a food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509.
Calcium chloride is considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Calcium chloride is use in organic crop production is generally prohibited under the US National Organic Program.

In marine aquariums, calcium chloride is one way to introduce bioavailable calcium for calcium carbonate-shelled animals such as mollusks and some cnidarians.
Calcium hydroxide (kalkwasser mix) or a calcium reactor can also be used.

As a firming agent, calcium chloride is used in canned vegetables, in firming soybean curds into tofu and in producing a caviar substitute from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an electrolyte in sports drinks and other beverages, including bottled water.
The extremely salty taste of calcium chloride is used to flavor pickles without increasing the food's sodium content.
Calcium chloride's freezing-point depression properties are used to slow the freezing of the caramel in caramel-filled chocolate bars.
Also, Calcium chloride is frequently added to sliced apples to maintain texture.

In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water.
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and can also affect yeast function during fermentation.

In cheesemaking, calcium chloride is sometimes added to processed (pasteurized/homogenized) milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein in casein.
Calcium chloride is added before the coagulant.
Calcium chloride is used to prevent cork spot and bitter pit on apples by spraying on the tree during the late growing season.

Laboratory and related drying operations
Drying tubes are frequently packed with calcium chloride.
Kelp is dried with calcium chloride for use in producing sodium carbonate.
Anhydrous calcium chloride has been approved by the FDA as a packaging aid to ensure dryness (CPG 7117.02).
The hydrated salt can be dried for re-use but will dissolve in its own water of hydration if heated quickly and form a hard amalgamated solid when cooled.

Miscellaneous applications
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to accelerate the initial setting, but chloride ions lead to corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.
The anhydrous form of calcium chloride may also be used for this purpose and can provide a measure of the moisture in concrete.
Calcium chloride is included as an additive in plastics and in fire extinguishers, in blast furnaces as an additive to control scaffolding (clumping and adhesion of materials that prevent the furnace charge from descending), and in fabric softener as a thinner.
The exothermic dissolution of calcium chloride is used in self-heating cans and heating pads.

In the oil industry, calcium chloride is used to increase the density of solids-free brines.
Calcium chloride is also used to provide inhibition of swelling clays in the water phase of invert emulsion drilling fluids.

CaCl2 acts as flux material, decreasing the melting point, in the Davy process for the industrial production of sodium metal through the electrolysis of molten NaCl.
Similarly, CaCl2 is used as a flux and electrolyte in the FFC Cambridge process for titanium production, where it ensures the proper exchange of calcium and oxygen ions between the electrodes.
Calcium chloride is also used in the production of activated charcoal.
Calcium chloride can be used to precipitate fluoride ions from water as insoluble CaF2.
Calcium chloride is also an ingredient used in ceramic slipware.

Calcium chloride suspends clay particles so that they float within the solution, making Calcium chloride easier to use in a variety of slipcasting techniques.
Calcium chloride dihydrate (20 percent by weight) dissolved in ethanol (95 percent ABV) has been used as a sterilant for male animals.
The solution is injected into the testes of the animal. Within one month, necrosis of testicular tissue results in sterilization.
Cocaine producers in Colombia import tons of Calcium Chloride to recover solvents that are on the INCB Red List and are more tightly controlled.

Properties
Calcium chloride dissolves in water, producing chloride and the aquo complex [Ca(H2O)6]2+.
In this way, these solutions are sources of "free" calcium and free chloride ions.
This description is illustrated by the fact that these solutions react with phosphate sources to give a solid precipitate of calcium phosphate:
3 CaCl2 + 2 PO3−4 → Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 Cl−
Calcium chloride has a very high enthalpy change of solution, indicated by considerable temperature rise accompanying dissolution of the anhydrous salt in water.
This property is the basis for its largest-scale application.
Molten calcium chloride can be electrolysed to give calcium metal and chlorine gas:
CaCl2 → Ca + Cl2

Preparation
In much of the world, calcium chloride is derived from limestone as a by-product of the Solvay process, which follows the net reaction below:

2 NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2
North American consumption in 2002 was 1,529,000 tonnes (3.37 billion pounds).
In the US, most of calcium chloride is obtained by purification from brine.

As with most bulk commodity salt products, trace amounts of other cations from the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and other anions from the halogens (group 17) typically occur, but the concentrations are trifling.

Calcium chloride is a white to off-white solid. Sinks and mixes with water.
Calcium chloride is a calcium salt and an inorganic chloride.
Calcium chloride has a role as a fertilizer.

Use
Deicing
Dust control, road stabilization
Insustrial (refrigerant, coal thawing, etc.)
Oil and gas drilling fluids
Concrete
Tire ballast
Miscellaneous

Calcium chloride is an odorless, white, crystalline solid compound that is highly soluble in water.
A type of salt, this chemical is hygroscopic, which means it can attract and absorb water molecules from its surroundings.
Calcium chloride has a variety of applications and can lead to potential health risks if handled improperly.
These are some important tips for handling and storing calcium chloride safely.

Common Uses of Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride is used in a wide range of industries.
Namely, this material is used to make road de-icing agents and brine. Other common applications include:

Dust control
Desiccation
Salt-based dehumidifiers
Calcifying aquarium water
Increasing water hardness in swimming pools
Food additive

Calcium Chloride is a mineral indicated in the immediate treatment of hypocalcemic tetany (abnormally low levels of calcium in the body that cause muscle spasm).
Calcium chloride injection is also used in cardiac resuscitation, arrhythmias, hypermagnesemia, calcium channel blocker overdose, and beta-blocker overdose.
Calcium Chloride is available under the following different brand or other names: CaCl and CaCl2.

General description
Calcium chloride hexahydrate is a non-toxic salt hydrate that can be used in phase change heat storage of low temperature heat.
Calcium chloride has a latent heat of fusion as high as 170-190 kJ/Kg and a melting temperature of 29-30°C.

Application
Calcium chloride hexahydrate is a phase changing material (PCM) that is widely used in solar energy storage and building applications.

Calcium chloride is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine.
Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent.
Calcium chloride is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement.
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process.
Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.

Formula: CaCl2
Molecular mass: 111.0
Boiling point: 1670°C
Melting point: 772°C
Density (at 25°C): 2.2 g/cm³
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 74.5 (good)

The greatest amount is consumed in preventing ice formation and in de-icing.
Calcium chloride is also widely used in the food industry and finds use as a firming agent in canned vegetables, in cheese making and as an electrolyte in energy drinks.

INDUSTRIES
-Pharma
-Lubricants
-Water Treatment
-Oil & Gas
-Cleaning
-Animal Nutrition
-Coatings & Construction
-Food and Nutrition
-Agriculture
-Cosmetics
-Polymers
-Rubber

Calcium Chloride will help with store bought milk, cold stored raw milk and goats milk produce a firmer setting curd.
A firmer curd is easier to cut and produces a larger yield.

Calcium chloride is manufactured as a soda ash co-product and Tokuyama is the sole producer in Japan.
Calcium chloride is one type of inorganic salt.
Calcium chloride generates a large amount of heat in reaction to water and significantly lowers the freezing point of water, making it effective as a strong and immediate-acting antifreeze as well as a snow and ice melting agent.
Calcium Chloride is also used as a food and beverage additive, mainly for controlling the hardness of beer and soft drinks, and in bittern for tofu production.

General applications
Antifreeze/snow-melting agent for roads
Dustproof for grounds and unpaved roads
Dehumidifying agent
Brine
Wastewater treatment(fluorine removal, neutralization)
Food additives

Definition and Usage Areas:
Calcium sector production and production, an increased aquo in water (lH 2 O) 6 ] 2+ .
In these tracts, these solutions are sources of "free" calcium and salikan irrigations.
This explanation helps with these solvents reacting with phosphate sources to give calcium phosphate a precipitate:
3 CaC 2 + 2 PO 3-
4 Ca → 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 6 Cl -
The calcite level shows a very high enthalpy display with a high temperature rise from anhydrous in water.
Molten soluble, calcium metal and chlorine gas can be removed.
CaC 2 , Ca + Cl → 2

Usage areas
As a powder coating in constructions, as it is hygroscopic.
As plastic material material
As material in fire dusts
Melting ice on roads (does not equip like regular salt)
Concrete/Cement:
Calcium Chloride dries the concrete quickly, especially in cold weather, and provides durability and strength to the concrete.

In treatment: In reducing high fluorine in drinking water.
Also, in the treatment of wastewater from industrial facilities such as oil refineries, aluminum factories.

Oil Exploration/Drilling:
Calcium Chloride is used extensively.
in sports
In canned food (in meals)
In some chocolates
In milk, cheese (as a calcium supplement)
In brewing (as enzyme)
In ice cream: As a freezer
In Animal Feed: Fever in dairy cattle, reducing milk and preventing disease
Giving plants math
On a low budget
Harvest calendar to give importance to the shelf of fruits and vegetables

What Is Calcium chloride?
Calcium chloride is a naturally occurring salt derived from limestone.
Calcium chloride is a white solid and can also be produced synthetically.
Calcium chloride is solid at room temperature and dissolves in water.

What Does Calcium chloride Do in Our products?
Calcium chloride is often used as a nutrient supplement, stabilizer, thickener, and texturizer in food; Calcium chloride is frequently found in baked goods, dairy products, beverages, juices, coffee, tea, condiments, jellies, meat products, and other products.
For this reason, Calcium chloride is a drying agent.
Calcium chloride is present in dozens of personal care products, including bath oils, deodorant, sunscreen, conditioner, and makeup.

Calcium chloride occurs naturally in limestone; its production is primarily a reaction of limestone with hydrochloric acid.
Calcium chloride is often commercially produced as a byproduct in the ammonia-soda process (called the Solvay process).
Calcium chloride can also be made by substitution reactions with other calcium and chloride salts, and in the United States Calcium chloride can be made by concentrating and purifying brines from salt lakes and salt deposits.

Uses
Calcium chloride has a variety of applications:
Because Calcium chloride is strongly hygroscopic, air or other gases may be channeled through a column of calcium chloride to remove moisture.
In particular, calcium chloride is usually used to pack drying tubes to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to escape.
Calcium chloride can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water.

In this capacity, Calcium chloride is known as a drying agent or desiccant.
Calcium chloride is converted to a brine as Calcium chloride absorbs the water or water vapor from the substance to be dried:
CaCl2 + 2 H2O → CaCl2·2H2O
The dissolving process is highly exothermic and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60° C (140° F).
This can result in burns if humans or other animals eat dry calcium chloride pellets.
Small children are more susceptible to burns than adults, and calcium chloride pellets should be kept out of their reach.
Aided by the intense heat evolved during Calcium chlorides dissolution, calcium chloride is also used as an ice-melting compound.
Unlike the more-common sodium chloride (rock salt or halite), Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil.

Calcium chloride is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride.
When distributed for this use, Calcium chloride usually takes the form of small white balls a few millimetres in diameter, called prills (see picture at top of page).
Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to help speed up the initial setting.
However chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel rebars, so Calcium chloride should not be used in reinforced concrete.
Calcium chloride is used for dust control on some highways, as its hygroscopic nature keeps a liquid layer on the surface of the roadway, which holds dust down.
Calcium chloride tastes extremely salty and is used an ingredient in some foods, especially pickles, to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's sodium content.
Calcium chloride's also used as an ingredient in canned vegetables to maintain firmness.

Used as an additive in plastics.
Used as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment.
Aqueous Calcium Chloride is used in genetic transformation of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability.
This allows DNA fragments to enter the cell more readily.

Tire ballast
Additive in fire extinguishers
Additive to control scaffolding in blast furnaces
Calcium chloride can be used to make ersatz caviar from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is used in Smartwater and some sports drinks as an Electrolyte

About this substance
Helpful information
Calcium chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Calcium chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, anti-freeze products, fertilisers, plant protection products, adsorbents, water treatment chemicals and heat transfer fluids. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Article service life
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Calcium chloride can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, adsorbents, anti-freeze products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Calcium chloride is used in the following areas: health services, agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Calcium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Formulation or re-packing
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, polymers, fertilisers, inks and toners and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites
Calcium chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, adsorbents, anti-freeze products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Calcium chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Calcium chloride is used in the following areas: mining and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Calcium chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, food products, pulp, paper and paper products, metals, plastic products, rubber products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Calcium chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of the substance and formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Calcium chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is an inorganic compound, marketed as 36% solution, 75-78% flakes or 94-97% granules, used for roads de-icing, dust control, brine refrigeration, dehumidification, setting time reduction in concrete, petroleum oil extraction and food processing.
Calcium chloride production process basically consists of limestone reaction with hydrochloric acid.
Calcium chloride can be also produced as by-product from Solvay process for soda ash and, only in the U.S., by the concentration and purification of naturally occurring brines from salt lakes and salt deposits.
Consito developed know-how and technologies for Calcium Chloride production units as 36% solution, 75-78% flakes or 94-97% granules, basing on reaction between limestone and hydrochloric acid.

Calcium chloride dihydrate is a moisture resistant, cheap and commonly available calcium salt.
Calcium chloride is efficacy as a chiral catalyst for various asymmetric organic reactions has been evaluated.
Calcium chloride dihydrate has been used as a calcium supplement for the DMEM (Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium) for use in cell culture studies and to prepare the synthetic brine solution.
Calcium chloride may be used in the preparation of calcium-alginate beads and can be used in combination with sodium borohydride for the asymmetric reduction of 1-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino]ethanone to form (1R)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-[(1S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylamino]ethanol.
Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is one of the most versatile chemicals with endless applications.
Nedmag produces high quality calcium chloride suitable for technical, feed and food applications.

Applications of calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is used in many applications.
Calcium chloride food grade is used as food ingredient in the food industry (a.o. cheese production).
While other grades are used in the oil and gas industry, in fertilisers or animal feed and in road maintenance.

Calcium chloride is used heavily in baking for many reasons, including salt replacement.
Calcium chloride is solid at room temperature but highly soluble in water.
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.

Uses
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has many uses.
Calcium chloride is used as a drying agent and to melt ice and snow on highways, to control dust, to thaw building materials (sand, gravel, concrete, and so on).
Calcium chloride is also used in various food and pharmaceutical industries and as a fungicide.

Chemical Properties
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.

Chemical Properties
Calcium chloride occurs as a white or colorless crystalline powder, granules, or crystalline mass, and is hygroscopic (deliquescent).

Physical properties
White crystal, powder or flake; highly hygroscopic; the compound and its solutions absorb moisture from the air at various rates depending on calcium chloride concentrations, relative humidity and vapor pressure of water in the air, temperature, surface area of exposed material, and the rate of air circulation; at 40% and 95% relative humidity and 25°C, one gram anhydrous calcium chloride may absorb about 1.4 g and 17 g water, respectively. (Shearer, W. L. 1978 . In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., vol. 4, pp. 432-6. New York: Wiley Interscience); density 2.15, 2.24, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.71 g/cm3 for the anhydrous salt and its mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates, respectively; anhydrous salts melts at 772°C, while the mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates decompose at 260°, 175°, 45.5° and 30°C, respectively; the anhydrous salt vaporizes at 1,935°C; highly soluble in water, moderate to high solubility in alcohol.

Occurrence
Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl2?2MgCl2?12H2O.
Calcium chloride also is found in other minerals.
Calcium chloride is concentration in sea water is about 0.15%.
Calcium chloride has several industrial applications.
The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires.
Calcium chloride is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures. Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C.
Calcium chloride also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids.
Calcium chloride is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete.
Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle.
Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics.

Uses
Calcium chloride is one of the most versatile of the basic chemicals.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in concrete.
The anhydrous salt is also widely used as a desiccant, where it will absorb so much water that it will eventually dissolve in its own crystal lattice water (water of hydration).
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the “Solvay Process” (which is a process to produce soda ash from brine).

Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an additive in swimming pool water as it increases the “calcium hardness” value for the water.Other industrial applications include use as an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in blast furnaces, and as a thinner in “fabric softeners”.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an “electrolyte” and has an extremely salty taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as Nestle bottled water.
Calcium chloride can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in pickles to give a salty taste while not increasing the food’s sodium content.
Calcium chloride is even found in snack foods, including Cadbury chocolate bars.
In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water.
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and it can also affect yeast function during fermentation.
Calcium chloride can be injected as intravenous therapy for the treatment of “hypocalcemia” (low serum calcium).
Calcium chloride can be used for insect bites or stings (such as Black Widow spider bites), sensitivity reactions, particularly when characterized by “urticaria” (hives).

Uses
Calcium Chloride is a general purpose food additive, the anhydrous form being readily soluble in water with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 0°c.
Calcium chloride dissolves with the liberation of heat.
Calcium chloride also exists as calcium chloride dihydrate, being very soluble in water with a solubility of 97 g in 100 ml at 0°c.
Calcium chloride is used as a firming agent for canned tomatoes, potatoes, and apple slices. in evaporated milk, it is used at levels not more than 0.1% to adjust the salt balance so as to prevent coagulation of milk during sterilization.
Calcium chloride is used with disodium edta to protect the flavor in pickles and as a source of calcium ions for reaction with alginates to form gels.
Obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of potassium chlorate.

The white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, are deliquesc

CALCIUM DISODIUM EDTA, N° CAS : 62-33-9, Nom INCI : CALCIUM DISODIUM EDTA, Nom chimique : Calciate(2-), [[N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)glycinato]](4-)-N,N',O,O',O(N)-,O(N')-]-, disodium, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-529-9, Classification : EDTA, Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques

Formic acid calcium salt; Calcium diformate; Calcoform; Calciumdiformiat; Diformiato de calcio; Diformiate de calcium; Mravencan vapenaty; calciumformate(ca(hco2)2); calcoform; formatedecalcium; mravencanvapenaty; mravencanvapenaty(czech); Calciumformiat; Calciumformate,98%; Calcium formate, pure, 98%; Ca-formate; Bayer Latibon; Calciun formate; CALCIUM FORMATE, 98%, PURE; Bis(methanoic acid)calcium salt; Bisformic acid calcium salt; Diformic acid calcium salt CAS NO:544-17-2

CALCIUM GLYCINATE, N° CAS : 35947-07-0, Nom INCI : CALCIUM GLYCINATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 252-809-5, Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

BETA-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE CALCIUM SALT; CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE; CALCIUM GLYCERYLPHOSPHATE; GLYCEROPHOSPHORIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; 1,2,3-Propanetriol,mono(dihydrogenphosphate),calciumsalt(1:1); Calucium Glycerophosphate; Calcium glycerinophosphate; CALCIUMGLYCEROPHOSPHATE,FCC; neurosin; CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE POWDER CAS NO:27214-00-2

Calcium LABSA CLASSIFICATION Anionic Surfactant DESCRIPTION OF Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is the largest-volume synthetic surfactant because of its relatively low cost, good performance, the fact that it can be dried to a stable powder and the biodegradable environmental friendliness as it has straight chain. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group. Alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS) alkyl sulfates (AS) are also examples of commercial anionic surfactants. They are nonvolatile compounds produced by sulfonation. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) are complex mixtures of homologues of different alkyl chain lengths (C10 to C13 or C14) and phenyl positional isomers of 2 to 5-phenyl in proportions dictated by the starting materials and reaction conditions, each containing an aromatic ring sulfonated at the para position and attached to a linear alkyl chain at any position with the exception of terminal one (1-phenyl). The properties of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) differ in physical and chemical properties according to the alkyl chain length, resulting in formulations for various applications. The starting material Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) (linear alkylbenzene) is produced by the alkylation of benzene with n-paraffins in the presence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is produced by the sulfonation of LAB with oleum in batch reactors. Other sulfonation alternative reagents are sulfuric acid, diluted sulfur trioxide, chlorosulfonic acid and sulfamic acid on falling film reactors. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) are then neutralized to the desired salt (sodium, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and triethanolamine salts). Surfactants are widely used in the industry needed to improve contact between polar and non-polar media such as between oil and water or between water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is mainly used to produce household detergents including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and other household cleaners as well as in numerous industrial applications like as a coupling agent and as an emulsifier for agricultural herbicides and in emulsion polymerization. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Household detergents including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids and other household cleaners. Industrial applications of wetting agent, emulsifier for agricultural herbicides and in polymerization. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is prepared commercially by sulfonating linear alkylbenzene (LAB). Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), the world's largest-volume synthetic surfactant, which includes the various salts of sulfonated alkylbenzenes, is widely used in household detergents as well as in numerous industrial applications. The Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) market is driven by the markets for Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), primarily household detergents. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate was developed as a biodegradable replacement for nonlinear (branched) alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) and has largely replaced BAS in household detergents throughout the world. The pattern of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) consumption demonstrates the overwhelming preference by consumers for liquid laundry detergents in North America, whereas powders continue to be the dominant products in Western Europe, Japan, and China. Comparable and reliable data in other world regions are generally unavailable. In these less-developed world areas, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is essentially used only in laundry powders (particularly in India and Indonesia) and hand dishwashing liquids. The latter are often used as general-purpose cleaners. The following pie chart shows world consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA): About 82-87% of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is used in household detergents, including laundry powders, laundry liquids, dishwashing liquids, and other household cleaners. Industrial, institutional, and commercial cleaners account for most of the other applications, but Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is also used as an emulsifier (e.g., for agricultural herbicides and in emulsion polymerization) and as a wetting agent. Very small volumes are also used in personal care applications. Demand in the North American household segment fell sharply in 2000-11, as a result of several developments, including reformulations away from Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) to alternative surfactants because of cost considerations, the greater use of enzymes, and adverse economic conditions that resulted in lower overall surfactant levels in detergents. However, consumption stabilized during 2011-17. Although consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will likely stabilize or decline slightly in the highly developed regions, it will increase by 3.0-5.0% in some less-developed regions or countries, such as the Middle East, Africa, India, and China, as well as Southeast Asia. As a result of the rapid growth of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) demand in the Asia Pacific region, demand in the region accounted for over half of global demand in 2017. The worldwide growth of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will be negatively impacted by the efforts of detergent manufacturers to reduce the active content in their surfactant formulations, by the shift to liquid detergents in some countries (which benefits competing surfactants), and by less consumer overdosing (particularly in North America with unit dose laundry products, assuming they continue to take some market share from traditional liquid detergents). However, consumption of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) will be positively affected in countries/regions such as India, China, Africa, and the Middle East, where powder detergents are still a very large part of the laundry detergent market. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate competes with several other major surfactants for use in household detergents. Some of the competitive surfactants have greater hard-water tolerance and better compatibility with enzymes and are milder than Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA). Historically, however, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) has most often been lower in cost and has had other more favorable properties compared with competing surfactants. During 2002-06, very high crude oil prices made Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) far less competitive than had been true in most years since its introduction. During 2007-11, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) prices tracked more closely those of the competitive surfactants. This led to a more stable pattern of consumption, even as prices for all surfactants continued to be very volatile. From late 2014 through 2017, low crude oil prices helped Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) become more competitive. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)/LAS production is impacted by the supply situation for competing products-mainly alcohol ether sulfates (AES). Shortages in AES supply or its high price has usually favored the use of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)/LAS. In the developing world, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) competes with soaps. Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group. Along with sodium laureth sulfate they are one of the oldest and most widely used synthetic detergents and may be found in numerous personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.) and household-care products (laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, spray cleaner etc.).[1] They were first introduced in the 1930s in the form of branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) however following environmental concerns these were replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)) during the 1960s.[2] Since then production has increased significantly from about 1 million tons in 1980, to around 3.5 million tons in 2016, making them most produced anionic surfactant after soaps. Contents 1 Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates 2 Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonates 3 Structure property relationships 4 Environmental fate 5 References Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates An example of a branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) Branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS) were first introduced in the early 1930s and saw significant growth from the late 1940s onwards,[3] in early literature these synthetic detergents are often abbreviated as syndets. They were prepared by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with 'propylene tetramer' (also called tetrapropylene) followed by sulfonation. Propylene tetramer being a broad term for a mixture of compounds formed by the oligomerization of propene, its use gave a mixture of highly branched structures.[4] Compared to traditional soaps BAS offered superior tolerance to hard water and better foaming.[5] However, the highly branched tail made it difficult to biodegrade.[6] BAS was widely blamed for the formation of large expanses of stable foam in areas of wastewater discharge such as lakes, rivers and coastal areas (sea foams), as well as foaming problems encountered in sewage treatment[7] and contamination of drinking water.[8] As such BAS was phased out of most detergent products during the 1960s, being replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)). It is still important in certain agrochemical and industrial applications, where rapid biodegradability is of reduced importance. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates An example of a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are prepared industrially by the sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)), which can themselves be prepared in several ways.[2] In the most common route benzene is alkylated by long chain monoalkenes (e.g. dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst.[9] The purified dodecylbenzenes (and related derivatives) are then sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to give the sulfonic acid.[10] The sulfonic acid is subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide.[1] The term "linear" refers to the starting alkenes rather than the final product, perfectly linear addition products are not seen, in-line with Markovnikov's rule. Thus, the alkylation of linear alkenes, even 1-alkenes such as 1-dodecene, gives several isomers of phenyldodecane.[11] Structure property relationships Under ideal conditions the cleaning power of BAS and Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is very similar, however Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) performs slightly better in normal use conditions, due to it being less affected by hard water.[12] Within Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) itself the detergency of the various isomers are fairly similar,[13][14] however their physical properties (Krafft point, foaming etc.) are noticeably different.[15][16] In particular the Krafft point of the high 2-phenyl product (i.e. the least branched isomer) remains below 0 °C up to 25% Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) whereas the low 2-phenyl cloud point is ∼15 °C.[17] This behavior is often exploited by producers to create either clear or cloudy products. Environmental fate Biodegradability has been well studied,[6][18][19] and is affected by isomerization, in this case, branching. The salt of the linear material has an LD50 of 2.3 mg/liter for fish, about four times more toxic than the branched compound; however the linear compound biodegrades far more quickly, making it the safer choice over time. It is biodegraded rapidly under aerobic conditions with a half-life of approximately 1-3 weeks;[18] oxidative degradation initiates at the alkyl chain.[1] Under anaerobic conditions it degrades very slowly or not at all, causing it to exist in high concentrations in sewage sludge, but this is not thought to be a cause for concern as it will rapidly degrade once returned to an oxygenated environment. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Product Information Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid is a chemical which is colorless and have viscous properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid mainly using in detergent formulations. It is one of the most important and cheapest surfactants in powder formulation and detergent fluids. It has excellent cleansing properties. Usages of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear Alkyl Benzene sulphonic acid is a batch of organic sulfur compounds that are used in most home detergents, dishwashing detergents, detergent powder, cleaning powder, washing powders, detergent cake, liquid soap, soaps etc. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA), sulfonic acid compound is used as a foaming agent, cleaning agent in more formulations and toilet soaps for foaming. Sulfonic acid, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is using in detergent industries, in textile industry as a washing agent, pesticides industries to improve the quality of spray. Sulfonic acid, Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is not inflammable substance and can dissolve in water, but not in organic solvent. Application of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid used in the industry to increase the contact of polar and non-polar phases, such as oil, water, or water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonate is mainly used for the manufacture of household detergents such as laundry powder, washing liquid, dishwashing liquid and other household cleaners and other industrial uses. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid uses in produce sulfonic acid. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an additive as a lubricating agent oils and have as corrosion and rust prevention. his product is a very effective intermediate surfactant. Characteristics of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid packing Basekim Chemical Production can supply Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid with drum. Each drum can take 220 kg and 80 drum can easily load in a container. It also depends on customer demands as well. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid is a chemical which is colorless and have viscous properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid mainly using in detergent formulations. It is one of the most important and cheapest surfactants in powder formulation and detergent fluids. It has excellent cleansing properties. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid in the formulation of anionic, non-anionic, and amphoteric surfactants, and it is extremely important for its degradability in nature. It is soluble in water and emulsifying agent. Linear Alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants due to its low cost, high efficiency and biocompatibility due to its linear chain. This anionic surfactant has hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. These are non-volatile compounds produced by the sulfonation process. These compounds consist of mixtures of carbon chains of 10 to 14 carbon lengths that are a phenyl group with a sulfonate group Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid application The properties of Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid depend on the length of the alkane chains that give them different functionality. Surfactants are used in the industry to increase the contact of polar and non-polar phases, such as oil, water, or water and minerals. Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulfonate is mainly used for the manufacture of household detergents such as laundry powder, washing liquid, dishwashing liquid and other household cleaners and other industrial uses. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid uses in produce sulfonic acid. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) is an additive as an lubricating agent oils and have as corrosion and rust prevention. his product is a very effective intermediate surfactant. It is usually neutralized with alkali types and forms sulphonates used in different fields. This product can be used in acidic environments. Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid packing can supply Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid with drum . Each drum can take 220 kg and 80 drum can easily load in a container Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid PACKING Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) Specification Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA) properties: Trade Name: Sulfonic Acid COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS LINEAR ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONIC ACIDS SUMMARY REPORT (1) 1. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids (Calcium LABSA (Calcium linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid, Kalsiyum LABSA, CALCIUM LABSA)) are anionic surfactants. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are a mixtures of benzene sulphonic acids containing linear alkyl chains of different lengths (C9: less than 1%, C10: 8 to 16%, C11: 26 to 38%, C12: 26 to 38%, C13: 15 to 27% and longer than C13: less than 2.5%). The amount of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in the products is 2% and these products are indicated for post-dipping or teat-spraying of dairy cows. The average dose per teat is assumed to be about 1 ml of the product, which equals to 80 mg of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid per cow per milking. Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are commonly used as cleaning agents (household and personal care products). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is included as surface active agent in Commission establishing an inventory and a common nomenclature of ingredients employed in cosmetic products. The occupational and environmental exposure to linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid has been assessed by WHO in 1996: The worldwide consumption of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids in 1990 was about 2 million tonnes. Linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, under the synonym sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, has been included in 1987 on the food additive list of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States of America as a surface active agent in commercial detergents used in washing fruits and vegetables or to assist in lye peeling these products. The tolerance limit has been set on equal to or less than 0.2% in wash water. 2. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of the molecule are both essential for action of surfactants in detergents. According to a published study on the in vitro germicidal activity of teat dips the linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid-containing product (1.94%) was shown to be completely effective against suspensions of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae containing bacteria/ml each following a contact time of 2 minutes. According to a published review document on in vitro studies, the 50% haemolytic concentration for linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid was 9 mg/l and the 50% inhibitory concentration for prothrombin time was 0.05 mmol/l (16.3 mg/l). Linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid influenced the thermal denaturation of proteins in vitro indicating protein-linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid interaction. 3. Pharmacokinetic data are presented based on published reports. In rats, 14C-labelled alkyl benzene sulphonate was administered daily in the diet at a concentration of 1.4 mg/kg feed (dose per kg bw not given) to 12 male Wistar rats (120 to 140 g) for 5 weeks. Radioactivity was mostly excreted in faeces (52%) and in urine (29%) during the 5-week feeding period. After a single intraperitoneal administration of 14C-labelled alkyl benzene sulphonate (384.7 µg/rat), 85% of the dose was excreted during the first 24 hours and 95% within 10 days follow-up period. The main elimination route was via urine (50% of radioactivity), while 35% was excreted into faeces. However, during days 2 to 10 the percentage of radioactivity excreted into faeces was higher than that excreted into urine. No parent compound could be detected in faeces or urine but radioactivity was found in polar metabolites which were not further characterised. In another study, 35S-labelled linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid was administered to male albino rats (Charles River strain, 150 to 200 g bodyweight) as a single per oral dose of 0.6, 1.2, 8 and 40 mg/rat (3 to 5 rats/group). During the 3-day follow-up period, 40 to 58% of radioactivity was excreted in urine and 39 to 56% in faeces. In faeces, the proportion of parent compound was 19% of total radioactivity. About 70% of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid was absorbed after oral administration. Two urine metabolites chemically close to methyl 4-(4'-methylsulfophenyl)- pentanoate were identified and were found to be a mixture of sulfophenyl butanoic acids and sulfophenyl pentanoic acids. Decomposition of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonate in rats was suggested to occur by ϖ-oxidation followed by catabolism through a β-oxidation mechanism. In vitro studies have not shown any penetration of 14C-labelled linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid through intact rat or human skin. In in vivo studies in rats, 0.2 ml of 3 mM 14C linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (equivalent to 250 µg) was applied on 7.5 cm2 area of skin. These studies revealed deposition of 14C-labelled linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid on the skin surface and in the upper regions of the hair follicles, however, no penetration of the substance could be detected after an exposure of 15 minutes. 4. The oral toxicity of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is not very high. LD50 values for rats and mice range from 404 to 1525 mg/kg bw and 1575 to 1950 mg/kg bw, respectively. Both species showed diarrhoea and death occurred within 24 hours. 5. Repeated dose toxicity have been carried out using linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acids or their sodium salts containing alkyl chains of different lengths. Repeated dose toxicity has been documented on rats using 5 published articles, one of which was done in rats (60 females and 60 males/group) using only 1 dose level (0 and 100 mg of linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (chain length varying between C10 to C14)/l drinking water for 100 weeks). No differences were seen between test and control groups. No NOEL can be established due to deficiencies in the study design. Wistar rats (about 150 g, 10 per sex and group) received the test product (dishwashing detergent containing linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid) was mixed into drinking water at corresponding to 0, 0.015, 0.075 and 0.375 ml linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid/kg bw for 6 months. In the 3rd group the dose was increased after 9 weeks to 0.563 and again after 8 weeks to 0.75 ml/kg bw for 9 weeks. No differences were seen in haematological urine examinations between control and treated animals. Males showed decreased weight gain in the 3rd dose group, but the change was reversible once the treatment was stopped. Organ weights of the third group animals (5 per sex) killed immediately after the treatment were lower than those of the controls. Only control and the 3rd treatment groups were examined histologically. The animals in 3rd treatment group had small petechial bleedings (kidney, myocardium, lungs) and mucosal necrotis spots in gastrointestinal canal. They also had massive atrophy in adrenal glands and some atrophy in thymus. It is not possible to assess if changes showed correlation with dose or not, because only highest group was studied. No NOEL can be drawn from the study due to limited data available. Albino rats (FDRL strain, 15 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed at 0, 50 and 250 mg/kg bw for 12 weeks. Growth responses and food intake, haematological and urinary examinations showed no abnormalities. Histological findings revealed no abnormalities in lower dose group compared with control. Females in higher dose group had higher liver weight to body weight ratio than controls (p<0.01). The lower dose-group of 50 mg/kg bw/day showed no treatment-related changes. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. Sprague-Dawley rat (10 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5%) for 90 days (corresponding to 8.8, 44 and 220 mg/kg bw). No statistically significant differences were seen in weight gains, food utilisation, haematological and urinary examinations. Organ to body ratios as well as macroscopic and microscopic findings were comparable in treated and control groups. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. Charles River rat (50 animals per sex and group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5%) for 2 years (dose per kg bw is not given). No statistically significant differences were seen in weight gains and food utilisation during the first 12 weeks. Organ to body ratios did not show any statistically significant differences when control and highest dose group were compared. At 8 months, male rats in 0.02 and 0.1% group had lower liver weight to bw ratios but this was not seen at later time points and never in the highest dose group. Haematological examinations revealed no treatment related changes. No abnormal macroscopic findings were seen and microscopic findings did not differ between the groups. No NOEL can be established due to limited data available. The highest dose (0.5% in feed for 2 years) did not show any treatment-related changes. A published repeated dose toxicity study has been carried out using 6 to 7 months old Beagle dogs (2 animals per sex and group). A linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid-containing product (15% linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid) was administered in doses of 0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg bw daily for 6 months by gavage (corresponding to 0, 1.5, 15, and 150 mg linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid/kg bw). Lowest dose group showed no treatment-related changes. One female dog in middle dose level group had drooling from the second week forward and one animal regurgitated part of one dose which lead to sedation and decreased appetite. In the highest dose group, 3 to 4 animals had marked salivation. No animals died. In the highest dose group feed intake was moderately reduced. Marked reduction in weight gain was only seen in the highest dose group (more pronounced in females). No changes were seen in blood and urinary tests. Eyes and hearing were normal in all groups. In highest dose group mucosal erosions were found in stomach (mainly in cardia) of one male and one female. Presence of haemosiderosis in spleen was more pronounced in highest dose group. One dog in the same group had small necroses in pancreas and 2 dogs had some iron-free pigment in kidneys. No NOEL can be established due to small number of animals and limited data available. According to a WHO report, minimal effects, including biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver, have been reported in subchronic studies in which rats were administered linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in the diet or drinking water at concentrations equivalent to doses greater than 120 mg/kg bw per day. These changes appeared to be reversible. In the absence of the original data, no firm conclusion on the data reported in the WHO report can be drawn. 6. Tolerance in dairy cows was studied using commercial teat dip containing 2% linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid. The product was used post-milking twice daily for 10 days. The product was well-tolerated. 7. Effects on reproduction have been documented using 2 published articles, one of which described a study in rats (10 females and 10 males/group) using only one dose level of linear alkyl benzene Sulphonic Acid sulphonic acid (0 and 100 mg/l drinking water). The data provided are too limited for the assessment. Charles River rat (20 males and 20 females/group) received linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in feed (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5% daily) in the 3-generation study (dose per kg bw is not given). No gross abnormalities were noted in pups. Rats of the F1 and F2 generations had similar growth patterns and organ to body weight ratios in control and test groups. No abnormalities were seen in histological examinations. In haematological studies, a statistically significant difference (level of significance not indicated) was seen in red blood cell count between control and females of highest test group. F3-weanlings were normal with respect to growth, organ to body weight ratios, macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Haematological values showed no treatment related trend or pattern in this study. The studie

Chemical formula: Ca(NO3)2
EC Number: 233-332-1
CAS Number: 10124-37-5
IUPAC name: Calcium dinitrate
Molar mass: 164.088 g

Calcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter (Norwegian salpeter), is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x.
The anhydrous compound of Calcium nitrate, which is rarely encountered, absorbs moisture from the air to give the tetrahydrate.
Both anhydrous and hydrated forms are colourless salts.

Calcium nitrate is mainly used as a component in fertilizers, but it has other applications.
Nitrocalcite is the name for a mineral which is a hydrated calcium nitrate that forms as an efflorescence where manure contacts concrete or limestone in a dry environment as in stables or caverns.
A variety of related salts are known including calcium ammonium nitrate decahydrate and calcium potassium nitrate decahydrate.

Production and reactivity of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate was synthesized at Notodden, Norway in 1905 by the Birkeland–Eyde process.
Most of the world's calcium nitrate is now made in Porsgrunn.

Calcium nitrate is produced by treating limestone with nitric acid, followed by neutralization with ammonia:
CaCO3 + 2 HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

Calcium nitrate is also an intermediate product of the Odda Process:
Ca5(PO4)3OH + 10 HNO3 → 3 H3PO4 + 5 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

Calcium nitrate can also be prepared from an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate, and calcium hydroxide:
2 NH4NO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2 NH4OH

Like related alkaline earth metal nitrates, calcium nitrate decomposes upon heating (starting at 500 °C) to release nitrogen dioxide:
2 Ca(NO3)2 → 2 CaO + 4 NO2 + O2 ΔH = 369 kJ/mol

Applications and uses of Calcium nitrate in agriculture:
The fertilizer grade (15.5-0-0 + 19% Ca) is popular in the greenhouse and hydroponics trades; it contains ammonium nitrate and water, as the "double salt" {5Ca(NO3)2.NH4NO3.10H2O}}}
This is called calcium ammonium nitrate.
Formulations lacking ammonia are also known:
Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (11.9-0-0 + 16.9 Ca) and the water-free 17-0-0 + 23.6 Ca.
A liquid formulation (9-0-0 + 11 Ca) is also offered.
An anhydrous, air-stable derivative is the urea complex Ca(NO3)2·4[OC(NH2)2], which has been sold as Cal-Urea.

Calcium nitrate is also used to control certain plant diseases.
For example, dilute calcium nitrate (and calcium chloride) sprays are used to control bitter pit and cork spot in apple trees.

Waste water treatment of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in waste water pre-conditioning for odour emission prevention.
The waste water pre-conditioning is based on establishing an anoxic biology in the waste water system.
In the presence of nitrate, the metabolism for sulfates stops, thus preventing formation of hydrogen sulfide.

Additionally easy degradable organic matter is consumed, which otherwise can cause anaerobic conditions downstream as well as odour emissions itself.
The concept is also applicable for surplus sludge treatment.

Calcium nitrate is used in set accelerating concrete admixtures.
This use of Calcium nitrate with concrete and mortar is based on two effects.
The calcium ion accelerates formation of calcium hydroxide and thus precipitation and setting.
This effect is used also in cold weather concreting agents as well as some combined plasticizers.
The nitrate ion leads to formation of iron hydroxide, whose protective layer reduces corrosion of the concrete reinforcement.

Latex coagulant of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is a very common coagulant in latex production, especially in dipping processes.
Dissolved calcium nitrate is a part of the dipping bath solution.
The warm former is dipped into the coagulation liquid and a thin film of the dipping liquid remains on the former.
When now dipping the former into the latex the calcium nitrate will break up the stabilization of the latex solution and the latex will coagulate on the former.

Cold packs of Calcium nitrate:
The dissolution of calcium nitrate is highly endothermic (cooling).
For this reason, calcium nitrate is sometimes used for regenerable cold packs.

Calcium nitrate can be used as a part of molten salt mixtures.
Typical are binary mixtures of calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate or ternary mixtures including also sodium nitrate.
Those molten salts can be used to replace thermo oil in concentrated solar power plants for the heat transfer, but mostly those are used in heat storage.

About Calcium nitrate Helpful information
Calcium nitrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Calcium nitrate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, fertilisers, cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, adhesives and sealants, pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and metal working fluids.
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Service life of Calcium nitrate:
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting).
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).

Calcium nitrate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines), electrical batteries and accumulators and vehicles.
Calcium nitrate can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids and water treatment chemicals.
Calcium nitrate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, building & construction work, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, mining, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Calcium nitrate is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Calcium nitrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Formulation or re-packing of Calcium nitrate:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: fertilisers, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, heat transfer fluids, metal surface treatment products, coating products, explosives, pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, textile treatment products and dyes, cosmetics and personal care products and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses of Calcium nitrate at industrial sites:
Calcium nitrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids, anti-freeze products, textile treatment products and dyes, water treatment chemicals and laboratory chemicals.
Calcium nitrate is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Calcium nitrate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, fabricated metal products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), rubber products and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Calcium nitrate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Diseases like blossom end rot are easy to control with calcium nitrate.
What does calcium nitrate do?
Calcium nitrateprovides both calcium and nitrogen.
Calcium nitrateis usually applied as a dissolved solution, allowing for quicker plant uptake but may also be applied as side or top dressing.

Ammonium nitrate is a commonly used source of nitrogen but it interferes with calcium uptake and causes calcium deficiency disorders in plants.
The solution is to apply calcium nitrate instead to any crop that has a tendency to develop calcium deficiency disorders.

Calcium nitrate is produced by applying nitric acid to limestone and then adding ammonia.
Calcium nitrate is known as a double salt, since it is comprised of two nutrients common in fertilizers which are high in sodium.
The processed result also looks crystallized like salt.
Calcium nitrate is not organic and is an artificial fertilizer amendment.

What does calcium nitrate do?
Calcium nitrate helps with cell formation but it also neutralizes acids to detoxify the plant.
The nitrogen component is also responsible for fueling protein production and essentially leafy growth.
Heat and moisture stress can cause calcium deficiencies in certain crops, like tomatoes.
This is when to use calcium nitrate.
Calcium nitrateis combined nutrients can help cell growth stabilize and fuel leafy development.

Many growers automatically side dress or top dress their calcium sensitive crops with calcium nitrate.
Calcium nitrate is best to do a soil test first, as excess calcium can also lead to problems.
The idea is to find a balance of nutrients for each particular crop.
Tomatoes, apples and peppers are examples of crops that may benefit from calcium nitrate applications.

When applied early in fruit development, the calcium stabilizes cells so they don’t collapse, causing blossom end rot.
Meanwhile, the nitrogen is fueling plant growth.
If you are an organic gardener, however, calcium nitrate fertilizer is not an option for you since it is synthetically derived.

How to Use Calcium Nitrate Calcium nitrate fertilizer can be used as a foliar spray.
This is most effective in treating and preventing blossom end rot but also cork spot and bitter pit in apples.
You can also use it to treat magnesium deficiencies when it is combined at a rate of 3 to 5 pounds magnesium sulfate in 25 gallons of water (1.36 to 2.27 kg. in 94.64 liters).

As a side dress, use 3.5 pounds of calcium nitrate per 100 feet (1.59 kg per 30.48 m).
Mix the fertilizer into the soil, being careful to keep it off of foliage.
Water the area well to allow the nutrients to start seeping into soil and get to plant roots.

For a foliar spray to correct calcium deficiency and add nitrogen, add 1 cup of calcium nitrate to 25 gallons of water (128 grams to 94.64 liters).
Spray when the sun is low and plants have been watered sufficiently.

What is a Calcium Nitrate fertilizer?
Calcium Nitrate is a white granular soluble fertilizer that has two kinds of nutrients an hat is easily absorbed by the plant. Calcium nitratecontains 15,5% nitrogen (N) and 26,5% calcium oxide (CaO). 14% of nitrogen originates from nitrate (NO3) and 15% of nitrogen originates from ammonium (NH4).

Calcium oxide that is completely soluble in water
contains 19% calcium (Ca). Soluble calcium and nitrate nitrogen provides various
advantages, which other fertilizers do not have, for the plants.

Where is Calcium nitrate used?
Calcium nitrate fertilizer contains nitrate nitrogen and calcium, which are two major essential nutritious elements needed by the plants.
Calcium nitrateis the most appropriate choice for upper fertilizing for any kind of plantation, any kind of soil and every weather condition.
As it provides calcium and nitrate together, it does not cause formation of remnants in the roots of plants.

These two symbatic acting does not cause high levels of electrolyte formation in the soil.
Nitrogen in the form of nitrate elevates absorption of soluble calcium by the roots; thereby supports the supply of calcium to the plant.
Advantages of calcium nitrate as a fertilizer can be outlined in three headlines as given below:

Calcium nitratecontains nitrogen in the form of nitrates.
Nitrogen originating from nitrates is the preferred form for plants.
Nitrate facilitates absorption of nutrients such as calcium.
Especially in soil with clay may interfere with abruption of nitrogen coming from ammonium and indirectly prevents development of plants.

On the other hand nitrate nitrogen is not bound by such types of soil.
When plants are in need of nitrogen the roots can easily take nitrogen originating from nitrates from the soil.
So nitrate nitrogen enables fast supply of nitrogen to the plants.

Essential importance of calcium as a nutrient for plants
Calcium is a macro nutrient consumed in large amounts by plants.
Calcium nitrateforms the infrastructure of cell wall in plants.

Calcium is usually found in soil in the form of compounds, which cannot be absorbed by plants. Circulation of calcium is generally low inside the plants.
Calcium nitrate found in soil may not satisfy the needs of plants.

Calcium nitrate has a low solubility.
Due to the above mentioned reasons we need to use fertilizers containing calcium.
Plants cannot grow without calcium.
Calcium is one of the most consumed nutritious elements by plantations together with nitrogen and potassium.

Benefits of calcium nitrate fertilizer for the soil:
Calcium nitrate has refreshing effects on the soil as well as being a good nutrient for plants.
Calcium nitrateenables absorption of other nutrients that are bound clay minerals in soil.
Clay particles may be pressed together in soil types, which contain too little calcium or too
much sodium or which are being watered.
As a result movement of water and oxygen is slowed down and plant growth is impaired.
Water soluble calcium helps separation of clay particles and maintains porous structure of the soil.

Other advantages of calcium nitrate given below:
-Increases productivity and quality of products.
-Increases resistance to diseases and pests.
-Increases durability when the products are transported.
-Increases lifetime for storage of fruits.
-Facilitates calcium and nitrate absorption.
-Contains no additives or fillers.
-Will not evaporate, be washed away or cause burns.
-Will not cause an alkali soil.
-Will not increase the salts in soil.

Methods of applications of Calcium nitrate:
Greenhouse type of calcium nitrate fertilizer has a high level of purity and is in uncoated granular form.
Calcium nitrateis easily soluble in water.
Calcium nitrateis applied to greenhouse and open field
plants via leaves with sprinklers and rain-like watering systems.
Especially when it is applied via sprinklers or rain-like watering systems it should be given alone, not with other fertilizers containing sulfur or phosphorus.
Calcium nitrateshould not be mixed with pesticides.

Field type calcium nitrate on the other side is produced so as to be applied by hand or equipments.
As it is coated, it takes longer time to dissolve.
Calcium nitrateis appropriate for upper fertilizing process for production in fields following plantation of the seeds.
Calcium nitrate should be kept away from humidity and air.

Calcium nitrateis used as set accelerator and quality enhancer in the production of concrete and cement chemicals.
Nitrate is a very common coagulant in latex production, especially in dipping processes.
Nitrate can be used as part of the fused salt mixtures.
Can be used in fertilizers, explosives and pyrotechnics.

Calcium nitratecan be applied in irrigation systems (especially drip irrigation) with direct soil application or foliar for the treatment and treatment of calcium deficiency in agricultural crops.
Nitrate is used in wastewater to prevent odor emission.
In the presence of nitrate, metebolism is stopped for sulfates, thus formation of hydrogen sulfide is prevented.

Calcium Nitrate is a good source of both Calcium and Nitrate.
Depending on the type of application, you can choose between different grades and formulations.

Calcium Nitrate: the best Calcium and Nitrogen source
The advantage of Calcium Nitrate is the presence of Nitrogen in Nitrate form (N-NO3).
Nitrate is preferred by plants to Ammonium (N-NH4) or Urea (N-NH2).

Ammonium will reduce the pH of the substrate and can be toxic for the plant at high concentrations.
Urea is not readily available for the plant.
Calcium nitratefirst needs to be transferred to Ammonium before it can be absorbed.
Both Ammonium and Urea are more susceptible for volatilization when applied in dry circumstance.

Next to that, Nitrate is the only Nitrogen source that has a synergistic effect on Calcium and improves its uptake.
Therewith Calcium Nitrate supports the plant in the development of strong cell walls, which leads to an improved fruit quality as well as shelf-life.

Calcium nitrates provide fast-acting nitrate-N, alongside strength-building calcium.
In combination, these nutrients fuel prolonged growth.
Plants and trees treated with YaraLiva-branded fertilizers are naturally healthier and less sensitive to stress during growth.

Calcium nitrate fertilizers also improve the size, strength and appearance of the fruit, tuber, leaf or lettuce at harvest.
Crops respond more quickly to nitrate. Calcium nitrateis also more mobile in the soil and immediately available to the crop.
Finally, it reduces blossom end rot in crops like tomatoes and pepper, as well as leaf tip burn in leafy crops.

Calcium Nitrate is a highly water soluble crystalline Calcium source for uses compatible with nitrates and lower (acidic) pH.
All metallic nitrates are inorganic salts of a given metal cation and the nitrate anion.
The nitrate anion is a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of a single nitrogen atom ionically bound to three oxygen atoms (Formula: NO3) for a total formula weight of 62.05.
Nitrate compounds are generally soluble in water.
Nitrate materials are also oxidizing agents. When mixed with hydrocarbons, nitrate compounds can form a flammable mixture.

Nitrates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds and certain catalyst and nanoscale (nanoparticles and nanopowders) materials.
Calcium Nitrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.

Calcium Nitrate has many uses when it comes to oil and gas drilling.
Calcium nitrate is used in set accelerating concrete admixtures and oil well cement.
Using Calcium Nitrate with either concrete or mortar is based on two effects.

The calcium ion accelerates the formation of calcium hydroxide and thus precipitation and setting.
This effect is also used in cold weather concreting agents as well as some combined plasticizers.
Calcium Nitrate can also be used as a calcium source in invert oil emulsions.

Calcium Nitrate is an excellent source of Calcium for clear-water drilling.
Calcium Nitrate is an excellent source of Calcium for clear water drilling.
In moderate quantities, nitrates are a plant nutrient and can ultimately be consumed, actually aiding in revegetation of oil well sites.
The general “rule of thumb” is to maintain a minimum of 200-400 mg/L (1-3 kg/m3) of Calcium ion for clear water drilling.

Calcium nitrate is used in wastewater pre-conditioning for odor emission prevention.
When sourcing Calcium Nitrate from China, one has to be aware of the international transport restrictions regarding this product’s transport.
The explosion in Beirut was a result of poor storage of Ammonium Nitrate.
The solution to reducing the volatility and subsequent danger is to add ammonium to the mix.
Calcium nitrateresults in the product becoming Calcium Ammonium Nitrate.

Preparation & Procedures
Calcium Nitrate can be added to water in a separate identifiable container, and then this pre-dissolved mixture can be added through the hopper.
All users should be aware that ammonia gas will be liberated in the presence of excess hydroxide concentration.

Ammonia gas will irritate the nose, throat, and respiratory system and can cause eye injury.
Calcium nitrateis advisable to wear protective PPE, including a dust mask and eye protection while mixing powdered products.

Calcium Nitrate should be stored securely away from combustible materials and reducing agents.

Calcium nitrate includes nitrate nitrogen and calcium in a form that is optimum for uptaking by plants.
Among other useful lproperties available calcium improves durabitlity of cell wall.

Appearance: colorless solid: hygroscopic
Density: 2.504 g/cm3
Melting point: 561 °C
Solubility in water: 1212 g/L (20 °C)/ 2710 g/L (40 °C)
Solubility: soluble in ammonia almost insoluble in nitric acid
Solubility in ethanol: 51.4 g/100 g (20 °C)/ 62.9 g/100 g (40 °C)
Solubility in methanol: 134 g/100 g (10 °C)/ 144 g/100 g (40 °C)/ 158 g/100 g (60 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 16.8 g/kg (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 6.0
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -45.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Crystal structure: cubic
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 163.9382266
Monoisotopic Mass: 163.9382266
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Using calcium fertilizers also notably improves appearance of agricultural products and allows extending their shelf life.
Being alkaline physically (1 centner of the product equivalent to 0,2 centner of CaCO3), this product performs extremely well in acidic and alkali soils.

Applying this product improves crop yield by 10-15%, visibly improves consumer properties of vegetables and fruit, and stimulates growth of root system, particularly of its most active zone, i.e. root fibrilla.
Calcium nitratefacilitates formation of plant cell membranes, enhances cell walls, stimulates plant enzyme activities, metabolism and photosynthesis and accelerates transport of carbohydrate and nitrogen uptake in plants.

Crops become more resistant to environmental stress factors and to fungus and bacterial diseases, caused by shortage of calcium, such as blossom end rot of tomato and peppers, internal brown spot in potatoes or apple brown spot.
The product also improves storage properties of vegetables and fruit.

Calcium nitrate produces quick effect even in unfavorable climatic conditions, such as low temperature, excessive moisture, drought or low pH.
Availability of nitrate nitrogen facilitates absorption of calcium, magnesium and potassium ions and other cathions.
This is a proper agricultural solution for problematic acidic soils.

In 2.0 – 3.0 % concentration calcium nitrate is applied as a foliar fertilizer, mostly to eliminate symptoms of calcium deficiency in plants.
This fertilizer is most effective in regions with hot arid climate and high insolation.

Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer provides a fast-acting nitrogen source plus calcium for improved fruit and vegetable quality.
This fertilizer contains ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen, which results in quick uptake and fast growth responses.
Nitrate nitrogen also improves the uptake of potassium, calcium and magnesium by the plant.

Calcium has many important benefits for plants.
Calcium nitrateimproves cell wall strength, which leads to higher-quality fruits with a longer shelf-life.
Additionally, improved cell wall strength increases the plants ability to handle pest and disease pressure.
Calcium also increases heat-tolerance and helps to reduce the amount of heat stress experienced by plants in warmer climates.

Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer works great on tomatoes and peppers to reduce blossom end rot.
Calcium nitratealso helps to prevent tip burn in lettuce and rust spot in potatoes, both of which result from calcium deficiencies.
Adequate calcium levels help to reduce stem rot in broccoli plants, allowing for larger heads.
Calcium Nitrate is also a great product for growing brussels sprouts to ensure uniform sprouts along the stalk.

Our Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer is a water-soluble formulation that can be used with our EZ-FLO Injector in conjunction with a drip irrigation system.
Calcium nitratecan also be applied as a foliar spray, or by dissolving in a watering can and applying to the soil at the plant roots.
Calcium Nitrate may be applied in the granular state as well.
Side dress by applying fertilizer at least 2 inches away from the plant stem.
Cover fertilizer with soil for best results.

Synonyms:
10124-37-5
Calcium dinitrate
Lime nitrate
Nitric acid, calcium salt
Norwegian saltpeter
Lime saltpeter
Norge saltpeter
Calcium saltpeter
calcium;dinitrate
Calcium(II) nitrate (1:2)
UNII-NF52F38N1N
NF52F38N1N
Nitrocalcite
CHEBI:64205
Saltpeter
Synfat 1006
HSDB 967
EINECS 233-332-1
UN1454
calcium nitrate salt
Calcium Nitrate ACS
anhydrous calcium nitrate
CaN2O6
EC 233-332-1
DSSTox_CID_19719
DSSTox_RID_79435
Ca(NO3)2
DSSTox_GSID_39719
CHEMBL3183960
DTXSID1039719
BCP25810
Tox21_300814
MFCD00010899
AKOS015913857
Calcium nitrate, containing in the anhydrous state more than 16 per cent by weight of nitrogen
Calcium nitrate [UN1454] [Oxidizer]
NCGC00248379-01
NCGC00254718-01
S279
CAS-10124-37-5
Q407392
10124-37-5(anhydrous)13477-34-4(tetrahydrate)
Calcium standard for AAS, analytical standard, ready-to-use, traceable to BAM, in nitric acid

Calcium dipropionate; CALCIUM PROPIONATE; MAGGRAN(R) CPR; MAGNESIA 87264; PROPIONIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; PROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM SALT; bioban-c; calciumpropanoate; Propanoicacid,calciumsalt; propionatedecalcium; CALCIUM PROPIONATE FOOD GRADE; CALCIUM PROPIONATE 95%; PROPIONIC ACID HEMICALCIUM TYPE II; CalciumPropionateExtraPure; CalciumPropionate,>99%; CAPROSIL SALZ; CAPROSIL SALT G; propionic acid calcium salt hydrate; CALCIUMPROPIONATE,POWDER,FCC; propionic acid calcium CAS NO:4075-81-4

CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7790-76-3, Nom INCI : CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Dicalcium pyrophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-221-5 Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance., Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

CAS Number: 4075-81-4
EC Number: 223-795-8
IUPAC name: Calcium dipropanoate
Chemical formula: C6H10CaO4
Molar mass: 186.2192 g

Calcium propionate or calcium propanoate has the formula Ca(C2H5COO)2.
Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propanoic acid.

Uses
As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.
Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propionates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1-0.4% (though animal feed may contain up to 1%).
Mold contamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, and conditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions for mold growth.

A few decades ago, Bacillus mesentericus (rope), was a serious problem, but today's improved sanitary practices in the bakery, combined with rapid turnover of the finished product, have virtually eliminated this form of spoilage.
Calcium propionate and sodium propionate are effective against both B. mesentericus rope and mold.

Metabolism of propionate begins with its conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), the usual first step in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Since propanoic acid has three carbons, propionyl-CoA can directly enter neither beta oxidation nor the citric acid cycles.

In most vertebrates, propionyl-CoA is carboxylated to D-methylmalonyl-CoA, which is isomerised to L-methylmalonyl-CoA.
A vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes rearrangement of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there.

Children were challenged with calcium propionate or placebo through daily bread in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial.
Although there was no significant difference by two measures, a statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of children whose behaviours "worsened" with challenge (52%), compared to the proportion whose behaviour "improved" with challenge (19%).

When propanoic acid was infused directly into rodents' brains, it produced reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) partially mimicking human autism.

Calcium propionate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

In a 1973 study reported by the EPA, the waterborne administration of 180 ppm of calcium propionate was found to be slightly toxic to bluegill sunfish.

In a recent well-designed translational study, human subjects fed 500 mg of calcium propionate twice daily demonstrated a modest decrease in LDL and total cholesterol, without a change in HDL.
The study, only eight weeks in length, requires additional studies of both verification and longer duration to demonstrate the clinical value of this chemical.

The study identified a novel regulatory circuit that links the gut microbiota metabolite propionic acid (PA), a short-chain fatty acid, with the gut immune system to control intestinal cholesterol homeostasis.

Appearance: White crystalline solid
Solubility in water: 49 g/100 mL (0 °C) - 55.8 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility: slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol - insoluble in acetone, benzene
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 186.0204996
Monoisotopic Mass: 186.0204996
Topological Polar Surface Area: 80.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 34.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

About Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.

Calcium propionateis used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products and inks and toners.
Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Article service life of Calcium propionate
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.

Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Calcium propionatecan be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses of Calcium propionate by professional workers
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, fertilisers and non-metal-surface treatment products.

Calcium propionateis used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Calcium propionateis used for the manufacture of: plastic products.

Other release to the environment of Calcium propionateis likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation or re-packing of Calcium propionate
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, fertilisers and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses Calcium propionate at industrial sites
Calcium propionateis used in the following products: coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners and non-metal-surface treatment products.
Calcium propionateis used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction.

Calcium propionateis used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Release to the environment of Calcium propionatecan occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.

Calcium propionate is a naturally occurring organic salt formed by a reaction between calcium hydroxide and propionic acid.

Calcium propionate is commonly used as a food additive — known as E282 — to help preserve various food products, including:

Baked goods: breads, pastries, muffins, etc.
Dairy products: cheeses, powdered milk, whey, yogurt, etc.
Beverages: soft drinks, fruit drinks, etc.
Alcoholic drinks: beers, malt beverages, wine, cider, etc.
Processed meats: hot dogs, ham, lunch meats, etc.

Calcium propionate extends the shelf life of various goods by interfering with the growth and
reproduction of molds and other microorganisms.

Mold and bacterial growth are a costly issue in the baking industry, as baking provides conditions that are close to ideal for mold growth.

Calcium propionate has been approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), World Health Organization (WHO), and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

HISTORY
As early as 1906, calcium propionate was discovered to be effective against ropy bacteria in bread.
Both propionic acid and its calcium salt derivative have been well established as antimicrobials.
Since the 1930s, propionates have been used to preserve bread in the U.S.

PRODUCTION
Calcium propionate serves to mitigate a costly issue in the baking industry: mold and bacterial growth.
As a food additive, Calcium propionate is used to extend the shelf life of various goods in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

APPLICATIONS
In bakery products, calcium propionate can be used:

for mold control, especially for yeast-leavened product
for consistent protection against mold, with minimal organoleptic impact

Calcium propionate or calcium propanoate, the calcium salt of propionic acid, is a common bread and meat preservative which functions by inhibiting the growth of mold & other bacterial and therefore prolong food shelf life.
Calcium propionate also provides nutritional value as a source of calcium.
The European food additive number for it is E282.

Calcium propionate is a new type of food preservative developed in recent decades with its considered safety over sodium benzoate (E211), and price lower than potassium sorbate (E202).
Calcium propionate is made from the reaction of propionic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.

Calcium propionate (C6H10CaO4, CAS Reg. No. 4075-81-4) is the calcium salt of propionic acid.
Calcium propionate occurs as white crystals or a crystalline solid, possessing not more than a faint odor of propionic acid.
Calcium propionate is prepared by neutralizing propionic acid with calcium hydroxide.

Description
Calcium propionate, also known as calcium salt and propanoic acid is a white powder that has a faint smell. The compound is stable at room temperature. Calcium propionate is hygroscopic and incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Calcium propionate has a melting point of 300°C and a pH value of 7 to 9.

Calcium propionate is slightly soluble in alcohol and fully soluble in water.
Calcium Propionate as the newer food antifungal agent, is the calcium salt of propanoic acid which is a antifungal agent.

Calcium propionate appears as white crystalline or powder, odorless or having slight specific odor of propionic acid, stable under light and heat , hygroscopic, soluble in water while aqueous solution is alkaline, slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, not soluble in benzene and acetone.
Calcium propionate is deliquescent in moist air and loses crystal water when heated to 120 °C.

Calcium propionate changes phase at 200~210°C and decomposes to calcium carbonate at 330~340 °C.
Under acidic conditions, it generates free propanoic acid which is weaker than sorbic acid while stronger than acetic acid, and has an antibacterial effect on Aspergillus niger and gas bacillus rather than yeast.

Calcium Propionate is a normal intermediate product of animal metabolism and is safe eaten by animals.
Calcium Propionate has a broad antibacterial activity to mold bacteria and yeast bacteria, inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms, preventing feed molding, which can be used as a fungicide on food and feed and a preservative for bread and pastries.

As a feed additive ,it can effectively prevent feed molding and prolong shelf life of feed.
If combined with other inorganic complexes, it can also improve the appetite of livestock, increase milk production in cows, and its dosage is less than 0.3% of the combined feed (use propionic acid to count).

Food preservative
Calcium Propionate is an acid-type food preservative, with its inhibitory effected by the environmental pH.
When PH5.0 minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.01%, PH6.5 is 0.5%.
In the acidic medium ,it has a strong inhibitory effect on the various types of fungi, aerobic bacillus or gram-negative bacilli.

Calcium Propionate has a specific effect on preventing the production of Aflatoxin streptozotocin, but has little effect on the yeast.
In the food industry, it is mainly used in vinegar, soy sauce, bread, cakes and soy products,whose maximum usage (use propionic acid to count, the same below)is 2.5g/kg; while the largest usage in the wet dough products is 0.25g/kg.
Also ,it can be used for feed antifungal agent.
Calcium propionate is used for breads, pastries and cheese preservatives and feed fungicide.

Calcium Propionate as a food preservative, calcium propionate is mainly used for bread, because sodium propionate keeps pH of bread rising, delays the fermentation of the dough; sodium propionate is more widely used for cake, because the pastry gets bulky by using leavening agent, there is no problem about yeast development caused by tincrease in the pH.
As a feed preservative, sodium propionate is better than calcium propionate.

But Calcium Propionate is more stable than sodium propionate.
In food industry , except uses for bread, pastries, cheese, Calcium Propionate can also be used for preventing soy sauce from getting moldy which inhibits the refermentation.

In medicine, Calcium Propionate can be made into powders, solutions and ointments to treat skin disease caused by parasitic fungi.
Ointment (liquid) contains 12.3% sodium propionate, while a powder contains15% Calcium Propionate.

Preparation
Calcium propionate is produced by reacting calcium hydroxide with propionic acid.

Mechanism of Action
Calcium propionate suppresses mold and bacteria growth on bread and cakes, but does not inhibit yeast. However, its addition to bread does not interfere with the fermentation of yeast.

Calcium ion affects the chemical leaving action, therefore is not usually utilized in cake.
Since it can enrich bread and rolls, it is normally used in their production.

Uses of Calcium propionate
As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius.
Calcium propanoate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products.

In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement Propanoates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do. However, unlike benzoates, propanoates do not require an acidic environment.

Calcium propanoate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor, typically at 0.1- 0.4 % (though animal feed may contain up to 1 % ).
When propanoic acid is infused directly into rodents' brains, it produces reversible behavior changes (e.g. hyperactivity, dystonia, social impairment, perseveration ) and brain changes (e.g. innate neuroinflammation, glutathione depletion) that may be used as a model of human autism in rats.

According to the Pesticide Action Network North America, calcium propionate is slightly toxic.
This rating is not uncommon for food products; vitamin C is also rated by the same standards as being slightly toxic.
Calcium propanoate can be used as a fungicide on fruit.

Calcium Propionate is the salt of propionic acid which functions as a preservative. it is effective against mold, has limited activity against bacteria, and no activity against yeast.
Calcium propionate is soluble in water with a solubility of 49 g/100 ml of water at 0°c and insoluble in alcohol. it is less soluble than sodium propionate.

Calcium propionate is optimum effectiveness is up to ph 5.0 and it has reduced action above ph 6.0. it is used in bakery products, breads, and pizza crust to protect against mold and “rope.” it is also used in cold-pack cheese food and pie fillings. typical usage level is 0.2–0.3% and 0.1–0.4% based on flour weight.

Uses in Food
During dough preparation, calcium propionate is added with other ingredients as a preservative and nutritional supplement in food production such as bread, processed meat, other baked goods, dairy products, and whey.
Calcium propionate is mostly effective below pH 5.5, which is relatively equal to the pH required in the dough preparation to effectively control mold. Calcium propionate can assist in lowering the levels of sodium in bread.
Calcium propionate can be used as an browning agent in processed vegetables and fruits.
Other chemicals that can be used as alternatives to calcium propionate is sodium propionate.

Uses in Beverage
Calcium propionate is used in preventing the growth of microorganisms in beverages.

Uses in Pharmaceuticals
Calcium propionate powder is utilized as an anti-microbial agent.it is also used in retarding mold in key aloe vera holistic therapy for treating numerous infections. Large concentrations of aloe vera liquid that is normally added to feel pellets cannot be made without using calcium propionate to inhibit mold growth on the product.

Uses in Agriculture
Calcium propionate is used as a food supplement and in preventing milk fever in cows.
The compound can also be used in poultry feed, animal feed, for instance cattle and dog food.
Calcium propionate is also used as a pesticide.

Uses in Cosmetics
Calcium propionate E282 inhibit or prevent bacterial growth, therefore protect cosmetic products from spoilage. The material is also used in controlling the pH of personal care and cosmetic products.

Industrial Uses
Calcium propionate is used in paint and coating additives. Calcium propionate is also used as plating and surface treating agents.

Uses in Photography
Calcium propionate is used in making photo chemicals and photographic supplies.

Synonyms:
4075-81-4
Calcium dipropionate
Calcium propanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt
Mycoban
calcium;propanoate
UNII-8AI80040KW
Propanoate (calcium)
propionic acid calcium
Propionic acid calcium salt
Calcium propionate [NF]
8AI80040KW
calcium dipropanoate
Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
Bioban-C
Calcium propionate;Bioban-C; Calcium dipropionate
Caswell No. 151
CHEBI:81716
Propionic acid, calcium salt
HSDB 907
EINECS 223-795-8
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 077701
Calcium propinate
Calcium Propionate, FCC
DSSTox_CID_7556
EC 223-795-8
C6H10CaO4
DSSTox_RID_78503
DSSTox_GSID_27556
SCHEMBL52363
CHEMBL3186661
DTXSID1027556
AMY37013
Tox21_202432
AKOS015903218
NCGC00259981-01
M140
CAS-4075-81-4
FT-0623409
P0503
Q417394
Propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water

CALCIUM SALICYLATE, N° CAS : 824-35-1, Nom INCI : CALCIUM SALICYLATE, Nom chimique : Calcium disalicylate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-525-4, Ses fonctions (INCI);Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques. Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:1); Calcium 2-hydroxybenzoate; Calcium disalicylate; Calcium salicylate; calcium bis(2-hydroxybenzoate)

Stearic acid calcium salt; Calcium octadecanoate; Octadecanoic acid, calcium salt; Calcium distearate; Calcium stearato; Calciumdistearat; Diestearato de calcio; Distéarate de calcium; CALCIUM OCTADECANOATE; CALCIUM STEARATE; OCTADECANOIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; STEARIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; aquacal; calciumdistearate; calstar; dibasiccalciumstearate; flexichem CAS NO:1592-23-0

CALCIUM SULFATE HYDRATE, N° CAS : 13397-24-5, Nom INCI : CALCIUM SULFATE HYDRATE, Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance. Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure. Astringent : Permet de resserrer les pores de la peau. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent éclaircissant : Eclaircit les nuances des cheveux et du teint Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Calcium sulfonate; Petroleum sulfonic acids calcium salts CAS NO:61789-86-4

CALCIUM MERCAPTOACETATE TRIHYDRATE; CALCIUM THIOGLYCOLATE TRIHYDRATE; CALCIUM THIOGLYCOLLATE TRIHYDRATE; MERCAPTOACETIC ACID CALCIUM SALT TRIHYDRATE; THIOGLYCOLIC ACID CALCIUM SALT TRIHYDRATE; Aceticacid,mercapto-,calciumsalt(2:1); Calciummercaptoacetate; Calciumthioglycollate; depil; ebacream; jully; mercapto-aceticacicalciumsalt(2:1); mercaptoaceticacidcalciumderivative; vikor; calcium bis(mercaptoacetate); CALCIUM THIOGLYCOLATE 3-HYDRATE; Acetic acid, mercapto-, calcium salt; Calcium thioglycolate; Calcium 2-sulfanylacetate; Bis(mercaptoacetic acid)calcium salt CAS NO:814-71-1

Acetic acid, mercapto-, calcium salt (2:1); Calcium bis(mercaptoacetate); calcium bis(2-sulfanylacetate); Calcium Thioglycolate Trihydrate; calcium;2-sulfanylacetateCALCIUM THIOGLYCOLATE, N° CAS : 814-71-1, Nom INCI : CALCIUM THIOGLYCOLATE, Nom chimique : Calcium bis(mercaptoacetate), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-402-5. Dépilatoire : Enlève les poils indésirables, Kératolytique : Décolle et élimine les cellules mortes de la couche cornée de l'apiderme, Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène

CALCIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE, N° CAS : 60884-90-4, Nom INCI : CALCIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE, Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.

Carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) CAS NO:471-34-1

Amines, C16-18-alkyldimethyl 68390-97-6

CALCIUM ASCORBATE Calcium ascorbate dihydrate Calcium ascorbate (USP) Calcium L-ascorbate dihydrate L-(+)-Ascorbic acid calcium salt dihydrate Calcium ascorbate [USAN] cas no : 5743-27-1

Caprylic/Capric Methyl Ester cas no : 67762-39-4

calcium carbonate; carbonic acid, calcium salt (1:1) ; calcium carbonate light ;calcium carbonate USP heavy ; calcium milk; calcium trioxidocarbonate; calciumcarbonate cas no:471-34-1

Calcosan; Calcium Dichloride; complexometric; calplus; Caltac; Dowflake; Liquidow; Peladow; Snomelt; Superflake Anhydrous; Cloruro de calcio (Spanish); Chlorure de calcium cas no :10043-52-4

Calcium chloride dihydrate ; calcium dichloride ;calcium chloride hydrate (1:2:2) ;calcium dichloride dihydrate cas no: 10035-04-8

calcium chloride hexahydrate; calcium chloride hydrate (1:2:6); calciumchloridehexahydrate; dichlorocalcium hexahydrate cas no:7774-34-7

Carboxymethylcellulose Calcium; CALCIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; calcium carboxymethyl cellulose; cellulose carboxymethyl ether calcium salt cas no:9050-04-8

Cyanamide calcium salt, Lime Nitrogen, UN 1403, Nitrolime cas no: 156-62-7

Calcium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate; Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, calcium salt; Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, calcium salt; Calcium N-dodecylbenzenesulfonate; Calcium alkylaromatic sulfonate; Calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate; Calcium bis(dodecylbenzenesulfonate); cas no: 26264-06-2

Calcium D-(+)-pantothenate; Calcium salt of Pantothenic acid; Pantholin; Vitamin B-5; N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine Calcium; cas no:137-08-6

BETA-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE CALCIUM SALT; CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE; CALCIUM GLYCERYLPHOSPHATE; GLYCEROPHOSPHORIC ACID CALCIUM SALT; 1,2,3-Propanetriol,mono(dihydrogenphosphate),calciumsalt(1:1); Calucium Glycerophosphate; Calcium glycerinophosphate; CALCIUMGLYCEROPHOSPHATE,FCC; neurosin; CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE POWDER CAS NO:27214-00-2

Formic acid calcium salt; Calcium diformate; Calcoform; Calciumdiformiat (German); Diformiato de calcio (Spanish); Diformiate de calcium (French); Mravencan vapenaty (Czech) CAS NO:544-17-2

D-gluconic acid, Calcium salt; D-Gluconic acid, monoscalcium salt; Calciofon; D-Gluconic acid, calcium salt (2:1); Glucobiogen; Neocalglucon; Gluconato de calcio; Gluconate de calcium CAS NO:299-28-5 (Anhydrous) 18016-24-5 (Hydrate)

calcium hydrogenphosphate; Dicalcium phosphate; Calcium phosphate dibasic; Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (1:1); Dibasic calcium phosphate; Monocalcium acid phosphate; Calcium acid phosphate; Calcium hydrogen orthophosphate cas no: 7757-93-9

alcium Dihydroxide; Calcium hydrate; Hydrated lime; Lime water; Kemikal; Slaked lime; Caustic lime; Lime hydrate; E526 CAS NO:1305-62-0

Calcium Dihydroxide; Calcium hydrate; Hydrated lime; Lime water; Kemikal; Slaked lime; Caustic lime; Lime hydrate; cas no:1305-62-0

SYNONYMS Calcium hypochloride; Hypochlorous acid calcium salt; Losantin; Hy-Chlor; Chlorinated lime; Lime chloride; Chloride of lime; Calcium oxychloride; Calciumhypochlorit (German); Hipoclorito de calcio (Spanish); Hypochlorite de calcium (French); Bleaching powder; Calcium chlorohydrochlorite; Calcium chlorohypochloride; Calcium hypochloride; Calcium hypochlorite; Calcium oxychloride; CAS NO. 7778-54-3

Lactic Acid Calcium Salt Pentahydrate; calcium lactate 5-hydrate; calcium lactate; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid; calcium salt pentahydrate CAS NO:5743-47-5

Calcium lignosulfonate; Lignosulfonic acid, calcium salt; Lignin calcium sulfonate; Calcium Lignin Sulfonate cas no: 8061-52-7

Nitric acid, calcium salt, tetrahydrate; Calcium(II) nitrate, tetrahydrate (1:2:4); Calcium dinitrate tetrahydrate; Dusicnan vapenaty; cas no :13477-34-4

SYNONYMS Nitric acid, calcium salt, tetrahydrate; Calcium(II) nitrate, tetrahydrate (1:2:4); Calcium dinitrate tetrahydrate; Dusicnan vapenaty; Cas no: 13477-34-4

Calcium Nitrite; calcium dinitrite; Nitrous acid, calcium salt; Nitrous acid, calcium salt (2:1); CAS NO: 13780-06-8

Calcium petroleum sulfonate; Calcium petroleum sulfonates; EC 263-093-9; EINECS 263-093-9; Sulfonic acids, petroleum, calcium salts; Sulfonic acid, petroleum, calcium salt; Sulfonic acids, petroleum, calcium salts; Superlist Names Petroleum sulfonic acids, calcium salts; Sulfonic acids, petroleum, calcium salts;;Calcium petroleum sulfonate;Sulfonic acids, petroleum, calcium salts CAS 61789-86-4

calcium oxide ; calcium monoxide; calcia (CaO); oxocalcium cas no: 1305-78-8

Stearic acid calcium salt; Calcium octadecanoate; Octadecanoic acid, calcium salt; Calcium distearate; Calcium stearato (Italian); Calciumdistearat (German); Diestearato de calcio (Spanish); Distéarate de calcium (French) CAS NO:1592-23-0

cas no 5793-94-2 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl ester, calcium salt; calcium bis(2-{[2-(stearoyloxy)propanoyl]oxy}propanoate); calcium verate; calcium stearoyl lactylate; calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate; calcium stearyl-2-lactylate; calcium stelate; stearoyl-2-lactylic acid, calcium salt; calcium alpha-(alpha-(stearoyloxy)propionyloxy)propionate; calcium 2-(1-carboxyethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyloctadecanoate; stearic acid, ester with lactate of lactic acid, calcium salt; stearic acid ester with lactic acid bimol. ester calcium salt; calcium bis(2-(1-carboxylatoethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl) distearate;

Kalimate; Calcium polystyrene sulfonate; KMP-Ca; Calcium polystyrene sulfonate; Calcium salt of sulfonated styrene polymer; Benzenesulfonic acid, ethenyl-, homopolymer, calcium salt CAS NO: 37286-92-3

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate ;calcium sulphate hemihydrate; Sulfuric acid, calcium salt; Plaster of paris; Gypsum hemihydrate cas no :10034-76-1

Calcium sulfate dihydrate; Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1), dihydrate; Calcium sulfate dihydrate, 98+%; Magnesia White; Mineral White cas no:10101-41-4

4,4'-((1E,3Z,5E,7E,9Z,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl)bis(3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-enol); Calendula Officinalis Extract; CAS No：84776-23-8

calendula officinalis l. extract; extract of the whole plant of the calendula, calendula officinalis l., compositae; hydroplastidine calendula (Vevy); marigold pot extract CAS NO:84776-23-8

extract of the whole plant of the calendula, calendula officinalis l., compositae hydroplastidine calendula (Vevy) marigold pot extract CAS Number 84776-23-8

2-Camphanone; 2-camphonone; 2-Bornanone; 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone; 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one; Caladryl; 2-Kamfanon; 2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane; 2-Oxobornane; Huile de camphre (French); Kampfer ([German); 1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor CAS NO:76-22-2

Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract; camellia sinensis leaf extract; extract of the leaves of the tea, camellia sinensis, theaceae; GREEN TEA EXTRACT; camellia thea leaf extract; claritea; denoxyline; earl grey tea kiinote organic (Omega); extract of the leaves of the tea, camellia sinensis, theaceae; tea leaf extract; thea assamica leaf extract;thea sinensis leaf extract CAS NO:84650-60-2

Green Tea Leaf Extract camellia thea leaf extract claritea denoxyline earl grey tea kiinote organic (Omega) extract of the leaves of the tea, camellia sinensis, theaceae tea leaf extract thea assamica leaf extract thea sinensis leaf extract CAS Number 84650-60-2

Nom INCI : CANDELILLA WAX ESTERS Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Produit qui en contient

Nom INCI : CANDELILLA WAX HYDROCARBONS Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

E 902; FR 100; MD 21; MK 2 (wax); NC 1630; Noda Wax NC 1630; EINECS 232-347-0; Hentriacontane CAS NO:8006-44-8

Candelilla cera, Cas : 8006-44-8, EC : 232-347-0, Candelilla wax, Candelillawachs, Cera candelilla, Cera de candelilla, Candelilla wax (wax from stems and branches of euphobia cerifera), Euphorbia cerifera wax, Waxes, candelilla. La cire de candelilla est obtenue à partir d'un arbuste dénommé Euphorbia antisyphilitica (candelilla)2 originaire du Nord Mexique. La cire protège la plante de son milieu et évite une évaporation excessive.La cire de candellila est composée d'hydrocarbures (environ 50 %, C29 à C33), d'esters, d'acides gras libres d'alcools et de résines. Cette cire dure naturelle est principalement utilisée par l'industrie cosmétique et pharmaceutique pour la fabrication des sticks. On peut également l'utiliser dans des émulsions eau/huile. Elle est également utilisée dans certaines gommes à mâcher comme la Dentyne Fire à la cannelle. La cire de candellila a un extraordinaire pouvoir de rétention d'huile et améliore ainsi la stabilité et la texture des produits cosmétiques comme les rouge à lèvres. Utilisée dans les sticks, la cire de candellila favorise le démoulage, la bonne tenue et l'aspect du produit. Souvent utilisée conjointement avec la cire de carnauba, la cire d'abeille et d'autres cires, elle améliore le toucher, le collage et la finition. Sa dureté et son point de fusion relativement haut augmentent le point de ramollissement des sticks. Solubilité : Pratiquement insoluble dans l'eau, peu soluble dans l'alcool, soluble dans l'acétone, le benzène, le disulfure de carbone, l'éther de pétrole chaud, l'essence, les huiles, la térébenthine, le chloroforme chaud, le tétrachlorure de carbone. Cire d'abeille, Cire de Candelilla : Solubilité peu soluble dans les solvants gras à 25 °C, assez soluble à 45 °C

SYNONYMS Blopress; Atacand;(±)-2-Ethoxy-1-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)-1H-benzimidazole-7- carboxylic acid 1-(((cyclohexyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl ester; 7-Carboxy-1-(2-((cyclohexylcarbonyl)oxy)ethyl) -2-ethoxy-1-(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)-1H- benzimidazolium hydroxide cas no:139481-59-7 (Base) 145040-37-5 (cilexetil)

No CAS: 334-48-5; ACIDE CAPRIQUE; ACIDE DECANOIQUE ; ACIDE C10;L'acide décanoïque; Acide gras saturé de chaine moyenne d’origine naturelle, l’acide Caprique est bénéfique pour les couches supérieures de d’épiderme. Cette matière d’aspect liquide est un épaississant et tensioactif. Il peut être employé pour diverses applications telles que la fabrication d’esters, et la parfumerie.L'acide décanoïque, aussi appelé acide caprique, est un acide gras saturé à dix atomes de carbone, de formule semi-développée CH3–(CH2)8–COOH. On le trouve dans l'huile de coco et l'huile de palmiste, ainsi que dans le lait de divers mammifères — dont les chèvres, d'où son nom3 — et, dans une moindre mesure, dans la graisse d'autres animaux. On l'utilise au laboratoire en synthèse organique et dans l'industrie pour produire des parfums, des lubrifiants, des graisses, des élastomères, des colorants, des plastiques, des additifs alimentaires et des produits pharmaceutiques. Cet acide carboxylique se comporte comme un tensioactif car sa chaîne hydrocarbonée est hydrophobe tandis que le carboxyle est hydrophile du fait de sa polarité. C'est ce qui le rend intéressant notamment dans l'industrie du savon.L'acide caprylique (ou acide octanoïque) est un acide gras saturé qui fut tout d'abord découvert dans le lait de chèvre (d’où son nom de « caprylique » dans lequel on retrouve la racine latine « capra » qui signifie chèvre). L’acide caprylique est également présent dans la noix de coco, l'huile de palme et le lait maternel. Ce liquide huileux est utilisé dans la fabrication d’esters qui interviennent en parfumerie et pour la fabrication de colorants. Mais l'acide caprylique est aussi utilisé pour ses effets sur l'équilibre du PH de la peau. Antifongique, il intervient dans certains compléments alimentaires destinés à traiter la candidose (prolifération de levures du système intestinal). Dans le cadre d’un traitement contre la candidose, il est important que les gélules d’acide caprylique soient « gastro résistantes » afin qu’elle ne se dissolve pas dans l’estomac mais puisse atteindre les intestins où se trouve le candida. CAS No : 334-48-5. Capric Acid; Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5); n-decanoic acid. Acid decanoic (ro); Acide décanoïque (fr); Acido decanoico (it); Aċidu dekanojku (mt); Decaan-zuur (nl); Decanoic acid (no); Decansyre (da); Decansäure (de); Dekaanhape (et); Dekaanihappo (fi); Dekano rūgštis (lt); Dekanojska kislina (sl); Dekanová kyselina (cs); Dekanska kiselina (hr); Dekansyra (sv); Dekánsav (hu); Dekānskābe (lv); Kwas dekanowy (pl); Kyselina dekánová (sk);Ácido decanoico (es); Δεκανικό οξύ (el); Деканова киселина (bg). : 1- Decansäure; 2-Ethyl-7-sulfo-decansäure; Deacnoic acid. s; Capric acid in preparation "u-con" imported from Japan. Capric Acid – Palmata 1099, Ecoric 10/95, Ecoric 10/99, KORTACID (KORTACID 1099/ 1098/1095/1090), Kortacid 1098, MASCID 1098, Palmac 98-10 Palmac 99-10, Palmac 99-10/MB, RADIACID 0610, RADIACID 0613, RADIACID 0691; Noms français : 1-NONANECARBOXYLIC ACID Acide caprique ACIDE CAPRIQUE NORMAL ACIDE DECANOIQUE ACIDE DECANOIQUE NORMAL DECOIC ACID DECYCLIC ACID DECYLIC ACID N-CAPRIC ACID N-DECANOIC ACID N-DECYLIC ACID Noms anglais : Capric acid CAPRINIC ACID CAPRYNIC ACID DECANOIC ACID N-DECOIC ACID Utilisation et sources d'émission Fabrication de produits organiques, additif alimentaire

Rapeseed oil;canola; colza oil;vegetable canola oil;sunflower oil CAS NO:120962-03-0

2-(Chloromethyl)-2-[(2-naphthyloxy)methyl]-1,3-propanediol; poly(acrylic acid); 1,3-Propanediol, 2-(chloromethyl)-2-[(2-naphthalenyloxy)methyl]-; Carbopol; carbomer CAS NO:9007-20-9

SYNONYMS 2-Propenoic acid homopolymer;2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer;2-Propenoic acid, polymer with silica, graft;Acrylic acid homopolymer;Acrylic acid polymer;Acrylic acid polymers;Acrylic acid resin;ACRYLIC ACID, OLIGOMERS;Acrylic acid, polymers;Acrylic acid-silica graft copolymer CAS NO:9003-01-4

cas no 334-48-5 1-Nonanecarboxylic acid; Acid C10; C10:0; Decanoic acid; NSC 5025; Neo-fat 10; n-Capric Acid; n-Decoic acid; Caprinic acid; Decylic acid; n-Decanoic Acid; n-Decylic acid; Nonanecarboxylic acid;

cas no 110-42-9 Methyl decanoate 98% ; Decanoic acid methyl ester; Methyl caprate;

SYNONYMS C-10 Acid; Neo-fat 10; Decanoic Acid; n-Capric Acid; n-Decoic acid;1-Nonane Carboxylic acid; Caprinic acid; Decylic acid; n-Decanoic Acid; n-Decylic acid; Nonanecarboxylic acid; Cas No:334-48-5

Cyclohexanone; Iso-oxime; Hexahydro-2H-Azepin-2-one; Aminocaproic lactam; Hexahydro-2-azepinone; Hexahydro-2H-azepin-2-one; 6-amino-Hexanoic acid, cyclic lactam; 2-Azacycloheptanone; 2-Ketohexamethylenimine; 2-Oxohexamethylenimine; 2-Perhydroazepinone; 6-Caprolactam; 6-Hexanelactam; 6-Aminohexanoic acid cyclic lactam; 1,6-Hexolactam; 2-Ketohexamethyleneimine; Caprolactam monomer; Caprolattame; Cyclohexanone iso-oxime; Epsylon kaprolaktam; Hexamethylenimine, Hexanone isoxime; Hexanonisoxim; 1-Aza-2-cycloheptanone CAS NO:105-60-2

SYNONYMS 1-Hexanoic acid; 1-Pentanecarboxylic acid; Butylacetic acid;Hexanoic acid; Hexoic acid; Hexylic acid; n-Caproic Acid; n-Hexanoic Acid; n-Hexoic acid; n-Hexylic acid; Pentiformic acid; Pentylformic acid; Cas No:142-62-1

C-8 Acid; Neo-fat 8; n-Caprylic Acid; Capryloate; Octoic acid; Octic acid; 1-Heptanecarboxylic acid; n-Octanoic Acid; n-Octic acid; n-Octylic acid; Octanoic Acid; C8; C8:0 ACID; C8 ACID; CAPRYLIC ACID; CARBOXYLIC ACID C8; FEMA 2799; N-CAPRYLIC ACID; N-OCTANOIC ACID; N-OCTOIC ACID; N-OCTYLIC ACID; OCTANOIC ACID; OCTIC ACID; OCTOIC ACID; OCTYLIC ACID; RARECHEM AL BO 0185; 1-Heptanecarboxylic acid CAS NO:124-07-2

cas no 73398-61-5 MEDIUM-CHAINTRIGLYCERIDE; Mixed decanoyl octanoyl glycerides; Caprylic / capric triglyceride; Decanoyl- and octanoyl glycerides; Einecs 277-452-2; Glycerin, mixed triester with caprylic acid and capric acid;

1-Octanol; Octan-1-ol; OCTANOL; OCTYL ALCOHOL; CAPRYLIC ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 111-87-5, Nom INCI : CAPRYLIC ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : Octan-1-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-917-6, Classification : Alcool. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. 1-HYDROXYOCTANE; 1-OCTANOL; Alcool caprylique; Alcool caprylique normal; HYDROXY-1 OCTANE; N-OCTAN-1-OL; N-OCTANOL; N-OCTYL ALCOHOL; NORMAL-OCTANOL; NORMAL-OCTYL ALCOHOL; OCTANOL; OCTANOL NORMAL; Octanol-1; OCTYL ALCOHOL; PRIMARY OCTYL ALCOHOL Noms anglais : Caprylic alcohol; HEPTYL CARBINOL; NORMAL CAPRYLIC ALCOHOL; NORMAL-CAPRYLIC ALCOHOL. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de produits organiques et de parfums

cas no 124-07-2 Acid C8; octanoic acid 98; n-octanoic acid 98; Octylic acid; neo-fat 8; 1-heptanecarboxylic acid; Enantic acid; C8:0;

cas no 111-11-5 Methyl octanoate 99% ; Methyl caprylate; Octanoic acid methyl ester;

CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC ACID, N° CAS : 68937-75-7, Nom INCI : CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC ACID; Fatty acids, C8-10; Caprylic capric fatty acids; Fatty acids C8-10 (even numbered); Fatty acids, C6-12; Fatty acids, C8-1-0; Fatty acids, C8-10 (even numbered); Fatty acids, C8-18 (even numbered); Fatty acids, C8-C10-(even numbered); Nonanoic acid. s: C-810 Kosher; C-810L Kosher; ECORIC 60; ECORIC 80; Ecoric 810; FAC 810; Fractionated Fatty Acid C8-10; MASCID 0850, Caprylic-Capric Blend; PALMAC; PALMATA 0810; Philacid 0610; Philacid 0810-IC; Philacid 0810-N3 ; RADIACID 0636; RADIACID 0640; RADIACID 0640CK; RADIACID 0640K; RADIACID 0641; RADIACID 5641 - Kortacid PK PRECUT; RADIACID E0329; SINAR-FA0810; ULTRACIDE 810; ULTRACIDE 810 CH; Unioleo FA C0810

Caprylic Capric Triglyceride IUPAC Name decanoic acid;hexadecanoic acid;octadecanoic acid;octanoic acid;propane-1,2,3-triol Caprylic Capric Triglyceride InChI=1S/C18H36O2.C16H32O2.C10H20O2.C8H16O2.C3H8O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18;1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12;1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8(9)10;4-1-3(6)2-5/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18);2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12);2-7H2,1H3,(H,9,10);3-6H,1-2H2 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride InChI Key NGPTYCZGBCGWBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O.CCCCCCCC(=O)O.C(C(CO)O)O Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Molecular Formula C55H112O11 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride CAS 77944-79-7 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Molecular Weight 949.5 g/mol Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 7 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 11 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Rotatable Bond Count 46 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Exact Mass 948.820464 g/mol Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Monoisotopic Mass 948.820464 g/mol Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Topological Polar Surface Area 210 Ų Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Heavy Atom Count 66 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Formal Charge 0 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Complexity 604 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Isotope Atom Count 0 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 5 Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Caprylic Capric Triglyceride benefits Caprylic Capric Triglycerides are compounds made from naturally occurring fatty acids. It is a clear liquid and slightly sweet in taste. Along with their high fat content, texture and antioxidant qualities in triglycerides, they use them exclusively for soaps and skin care products. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Emolyan Softeners are ingredients that soften your skin. Softeners work by trapping moisture in your skin and creating a protective layer to keep moisture out. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is an effective skin softening agent. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Dispersing agent Dispersants are parts of any chemical or organic compound that hold the ingredients together and stabilize them.Mixing other active ingredients, pigments or fragrances in a good dispersing agent prevents the ingredients from mixing together or sinking into the bottom of the mixture. The waxy and thick consistency of Caprylic Capric Triglycerides makes them an excellent dispersing agent. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Solvent Solvents are ingredients that can dissolve or break down some ingredients or compounds. Ingredients are solvents based on how their molecules are constructed and shaped, and how they interact with other substances.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride can dissolve compounds designed to clump together. While some solvents have toxic components, Caprylic Capric Triglyceride does not carry these risks. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride Antioxidant Antioxidants work to neutralize the toxins you are exposed to every day in your environment. Antioxidants stop the chain reaction called oxidation that can age your skin and damage your body.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is full of antioxidants that help protect your skin and make you feel younger. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride uses Caprylic Capric Triglyceride can be found in topical skin care products you use on and around your face. Used for: Extends the shelf life of these products,add a light and oil-free glow to your skin,increasing the antioxidants in the product. These products include: Moisturizing face creams,anti aging serums,sunscreens,eye creams. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride in cosmetics Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is a popular ingredient in makeup and other cosmetics. The ingredient distributes pigments evenly in a cosmetic formula without leaving your skin feeling sticky. This ingredient is often listed in these cosmetics: Lipstick,lip balm,Lip pencil,cream and liquid foundations,eyeliner. Is Caprylic Capric Triglyceride safe? Caprylic Capric Triglyceride carries very low toxicity, if available for topical use. The FDA states that it is generally considered safe in low amounts as a food additive. This means that consuming trace amounts that may be in your lipstick or lip balm is non-toxic.If you do not have a severe allergy to coconut oil, the risk of allergic reactions triggered by using Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is very low.There are some environmental concerns for Caprylic Capric Triglyceride use. We don't know enough about how it disperses in nature and whether it could ultimately pose a threat to wildlife. More research is needed to determine the safest ways to dispose of products containing Caprylic Capric Triglycerides. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is an ingredient used in soap and cosmetics. It is usually made by combining coconut oil with glycerin. This component is sometimes called capric triglyceride. Sometimes mistakenly fractionated is also called coconut oil.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride has been widely used for more than 50 years. It smoothes the skin and works as an antioxidant. It also binds other ingredients together and can work as a kind of preservative to make the active ingredients in cosmetics last longer.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is valued as a more natural alternative to other synthetic chemicals found in topical skin products. Companies that claim their products to be "all natural" or "organic" often contain Caprylic Capric Triglyceride.Although technically made from natural ingredients, the Caprylic Capric Triglyceride used in products is generally not found in nature. A chemical process separates the oily liquid so a "pure" version can be added to the products.It is low viscosity, softener and lubricant that does not feel greasy. It is widely used especially in "oil-free" products. It is a great advantage that it is not oxidized. It is an ideal solvent for active ingredients to be used in skin and hair care, as well as make-up products.Derived from coconut oil and glycerin, it’s considered an excellent emollient and skin-replenishing ingredient. It’s included in cosmetics due to its mix of fatty acids that skin can use to replenish its surface and resist moisture loss. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride can also function as a thickener, but its chief job is to moisturize and replenish skin. This ingredient’s value for skin is made greater by the fact that it’s considered gentle.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is an oily liquid made from palm kernel or coconut oil. It is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed. Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6–12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms).Caprylic Capric Triglyceride creates a barrier on the skin's surface, which helps to reduce skin dryness by decreasing the loss of moisture. Its oily texture helps to thicken and provides a slipperiness, which helps make our lotions and natural strength deodorants easy to apply and leaves a non-greasy after-touch.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride are naturally occurring in coconut and palm kernel oils at lower levels but to make this pure ingredient, the oils are split and the specific fatty acid (capric acid and caprylic acid are isolated and recombined with the glycerin backbone to form the pure capric/caprylic triglyceride which is then further purified (bleached and deodorized) using clay, heat and steam. No other additives or processing aids are used.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed. Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6–12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms).Caprylic Capric Triglyceride are a specialized esterification of Coconut Oil using just the Caprylic and Capric Fatty Acids, while Fractionated Coconut Oil is a, standard, distillation of Coconut Oil which results in a combination of all of the fatty acids, pulled through the distillation process. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is non-greasy and light weight. It comes in the form of an oily liquid and mainly works as an emollient, dispersing agent and solvent.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is a mixed triester derived from coconut oil and glycerine which comes in the form of an oily liquid, and is sometimes mistakenly referred to as fractionated coconut oil which shares a similar INCI name.It is usually used in skin care as an emollient, dispersing agent and solvent. As an emollient, it quickly penetrates the surface to condition the skin and hair, and provides a lightweight, non-greasy lubricating barrier. As a dispersing agent, it helps enhance the delivery of vitamins, pigments and active ingredients contained in a solution so that they become evenly spread and fully absorbed by the epidermis. It's oily texture thickens cosmetic formulas and provides a slipperiness, which in turn allows the easy spreadability of solutions and a smooth after-feel.Cosmetic formulators value this product for its lack of colour and odour, as well as for its stability. It has such great stability and resistance to oxidation that it has an almost indefinite shelf life.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride are a stable, oxidation-resistant esterification of plant origin. They are rapidly absorbed and are a good substitute for vegetable oils in emulsions. The product provides softness and suppleness and does not cause greasiness.They are also insoluble in water and are ideal as an additive for dry oils, emulsions, serums, creams targeted towards oily and impure skin and macerates in oil.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride – also known as MCT Oil – is a classic emollient derived from renewable natural raw materials. It is produced from vegetable Glycerine and fractionated vegetable Fatty Acids, mainly Caprylic and Capric Acids. MCT Oil is a clear and colourless liquid, neutral in odour and taste. It is fully saturated and therefore highly resistant to oxidation. Our production units, based in Germany and Malaysia, are backwards integrated into the feedstock and dedicated to the production of MCT Oils. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is a clear liquid derived from coconut oil, which is an edible substance that comes from the coconut nut of the coconut palm tree. Coconut palms, cocos nucifera, grow around the world in lowland tropical and subtropical areas where annual precipitation is low.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is a digestible ingredient used in hundreds of personal care and household products, such as baby wipes, lotion, makeup, deodorant, sunscreen, and hair-care items.We use Caprylic Capric Triglyceride in our products as a moisturizer. Palm oil is a common alternative, but it is an endangered resource. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review has deemed Caprylic Capric Triglyceride safe in cosmetic formulations, and the Food and Drug Administration has deemed Caprylic Capric Triglyceride as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in food.Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards.Studies show that Caprylic Capric Triglyceride have very low toxicity to people and animals when eaten, injected, or put on the skin or eyes.Studies also show Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is not a skin irritant.Caprylic triglyceride is the mixed triester of glycerin and caprylic and capric acids. It is made by first separating the fatty acids and the glycerol in coconut oil. This is done by hydrolyzing the coconut oil, which involves applying heat and pressure to the oil to split it apart. The acids then go through esterification to add back the glycerol. The resulting oil is called Caprylic Capric Triglyceride. It has different properties from raw coconut oil.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is produced by reacting coconut oil with glycerol through esterification. MCT Oil is not oil; it is an ester which primarily contains the Caprylic and Capric medium chain triglycerides present in the coconut oil. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is a clear, colorless and virtually odorless liquid that dispenses quickly at room temperature as compared to its raw material coconut oil which is solid at room temperature. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride are commonly used in cosmetics as it absorbs rapidly into the skin and adds a smooth and dry oil feel to the skin. It is often used as an ingredient in cream, lotion, moisturizer, cleanser & face wash, serum, and others. Caprylic Capric Triglyceride developed around fifty years ago as an energy source for patients suffering from fat malabsorption syndrome which still finds applications in medical, nutritional products due to the purity and the unique attributes of Caprylic Capric Triglyceride.Caprylic triglyceride is an ingredient used in soaps and cosmetics. It’s usually made from combining coconut oil with glycerin. This ingredient is sometimes called capric triglyceride. It’s also sometimes mistakenly called fractionated coconut oil.Caprylic triglyceride has been widely used for more than 50 years. It helps smooth skin and works as an antioxidant. It also binds other ingredients together, and can work as a preservative of sorts to make the active ingredients in cosmetics last longer.Caprylic triglyceride is valued as a more natural alternative to other synthetic chemicals found in topical skin products. Companies that claim that their products are “all natural” or “organic” often contain caprylic triglyceride.While it’s technically made of natural components, the caprylic triglyceride used in products isn’t usually found in nature. A chemical process separates the oily liquid so that a “pure” version of it can be added to products.Caprylic triglycerides are compounds made of naturally occurring fatty acids. They’re a clear liquid and slightly sweet to the taste. The high fat content in triglycerides, along with their texture and antioxidant qualities, make them of particular use for soap and skin care products.Emollients are ingredients that soften your skin. Emollients work by trapping moisture in your skin and forming a protective layer so the moisture can’t escape. Caprylic triglyceride is an effective skin-softening ingredient.Dispersing agents are the parts of any chemical or organic compound that hold the ingredients together and stabilize them.Mixing other active ingredients, pigments, or scents in a good dispersing agent keeps the ingredients from clumping together or sinking to the bottom of the mixture. The waxy and thick consistency of caprylic triglycerides make them an excellent dispersing agent.Solvents are ingredients that can dissolve, or break apart, certain ingredients or compounds. Ingredients are solvents based on how their molecules are structured and shaped, and how they interact with other substances.Caprylic triglyceride can dissolve compounds that are designed to clump together. While some solvents have toxic ingredients, caprylic triglyceride doesn’t carry those risks.Antioxidants work to neutralize toxins you’re exposed to every day in your environment. Antioxidants stop the chain reaction called oxidation, which can age your skin and take a toll on your body.Caprylic triglyceride is full of antioxidants that help preserve your skin and help you feel younger.Caprylic triglyceride is a popular ingredient in makeup and other cosmetics. The ingredient keeps pigments evenly distributed in a cosmetic formula without causing a sticky feeling on your skin.Caprylic triglyceride carries a very low, if any, toxicity for topical use. The FDA notes that it’s generally recognized as safe in low amounts as a food additive. That means it’s not toxic to consume the trace amounts that might be in your lipstick or lip balm.Unless you have a severe allergy to coconut oil, you’re at very little risk for an allergic reaction triggered by using caprylic triglyceride.There’s some environmental concern for the use of caprylic triglyceride. We don’t know enough about the way it’s broken down in nature and if it might eventually build up and pose a threat to wildlife. More research is needed to determine the safest ways to dispose of products that contain caprylic triglyceride.Current research states that caprylic triglyceride is safe for most people to use. Consuming it in small amounts as a food additive, sweetener, or cosmetic product doesn’t pose a risk to your health.Capric acid/caprylic triglyceride is one of the cleanest ingredients that you can find as a natural alternative to chemical ingredients.Everyone’s skin reacts differently to different chemicals. Always proceed carefully when you’re using a new cosmetic product or face cream.Derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is a clear, non-viscous liquid. It contains a mix of fatty acids that helps to replenish the skin and resist moisture loss. It acts as an excellent emollient, dispersing agent and skin-replenishing ingredient. It is especially suited to sensitive and oily skin. It is used in all skin care creams and lotions, make up, shampoos and cleansers.A super common emollient that makes your skin feel nice and smooth. It comes from coconut oil and glycerin, it’s light-textured, clear, odorless and non-greasy. It’s a nice ingredient that just feels good on the skin, is super well tolerated by every skin type and easy to formulate with. No wonder it’s popular. Derived from coconut oil and glycerin, it’s considered an excellent emollient and skin-replenishing ingredient. It’s included in cosmetics due to its mix of fatty acids that skin can use to replenish its surface and resist moisture loss. Caprylic/capric triglyceride can also function as a thickener, but its chief job is to moisturize and replenish skin. This ingredient’s value for skin is made greater by the fact that it’s considered gentle.Caprylic / capric triglyceride is an oily liquid made from palm kernel or coconut oil. It is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone. Caprylic/capric triglycerides are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed. Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6–12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms).Caprylic/capric triglyceride creates a barrier on the skin's surface, which helps to reduce skin dryness by decreasing the loss of moisture. Its oily texture helps to thicken and provides a slipperiness, which helps make our lotions and natural strength deodorants easy to apply and leaves a non-greasy after-touch.Caprylic/capric triglycerides are naturally occurring in coconut and palm kernel oils at lower levels but to make this pure ingredient, the oils are split and the specific fatty acid (capric acid and caprylic acid are isolated and recombined with the glycerin backbone to form the pure capric/caprylic triglyceride which is then further purified (bleached and deodorized) using clay, heat and steam. No other additives or processing aids are used.Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) including caprylic triglyceride are naturally found in a variety of animal and vegetable fats. These sources typically contain low amounts, but palm kernel oil contains a significant amount, which is why we source caprylic triglyceride from this source.Extraction: derived from Coconut Oil and Glycerin, is considered an excellent emollient and skin repairing agent. It is a mix of fatty acids. It is not considered a sensitizing agent. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is the triglycerides and esters prepared from fractionated vegetable oil sources and fatty acids from coconuts and palm kernel oils. It is used as a food additive and used in cosmetics.Benefits: it repairs the surface of the skin and prevents the loss of moisture and also works to thicken skin. They are neutral oils that do not irritate the skin, are easy to apply and are quickly absorbed.Caprylic Capric Triglyceride is a mixed triester derived from coconut oil and glycerine which comes in the form of an oily liquid, and is sometimes mistakenly referred to as fractionated coconut oil which shares a similar INCI name.It is usually used in skin care as an emollient, dispersing agent and solvent. As an emollient, it quickly penetrates the surface to condition the skin and hair, and provides a lightweight, non-greasy lubricating barrier. As a dispersing agent, it helps enhance the delivery of vitamins, pigments and active ingredients contained in a solution so that they become evenly spread and fully absorbed by the epidermis. It's oily texture thickens cosmetic formulas and provides a slipperiness, which in turn allows the easy spreadability of solutions and a smooth after-feel.Cosmetic formulators value this product for its lack of colour and odour, as well as for its stability. It has such great stability and resistance to oxidation that it has an almost indefinite shelf life.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder mostly prevalent among elderly people over 65 years of age. It is the most frequent type of dementia, which badly affects the social and personal skills and behavior of the patients. Patients with AD are increasing day by day creating an effective treatment challenge among health professionals worldwide. New studies are being carried out to incorporate medicinal-based food along with traditional medicines to improve the efficiency of treatment. Caprylic acid is one among various medicinal foods that have special health-promoting benefits and disease control properties. It is a medium chain fatty acid found naturally in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and some dairy products. In AD, it induces the process of ketosis to provide extra energy to the brain, hence it improves cognitive functions. Research has been carried out to find its effectiveness in the treatment of AD. This chapter focuses on caprylic acid, its properties, and its application in AD.This ingredient keeps popping up in many natural skincare formulas, often misleadingly described as fractionated coconut oil. Now, I don’t know about you, but this certainly doesn’t sound like a lovely natural oil to me. They tend to sound more like Avocado oil or Argan oil etc. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride doesn’t have a normal oil name. So there’s obviously a lot of confusion about what this ingredient actually is. Capric and caprylic acids are saturated fatty acids naturally present in coconut and palm oil. They are considered to be medium-chain fatty acids. Capric acid is also known as decanoic acid and caprylic acid is also known as octanoic acid. To isolate these fatty acids they are separated from the glycerine compound and the other fatty acids present in the coconut or palm oil. This is usually achieved by steam hydrolysis where intense heat and pressure is applied to break apart the structure of the oil. The capric & caprylic acids are then isolated from the other fatty acids and combined together with the glycerine compound by a process called ‘esterification’ to form the ingredient ‘capric/caprylic triglyceride’. This new ingredient has different physical properties than the original oil it came from. It feels dryer, less greasy and is highly stable.Fractionated coconut oil is created by melting the coconut oil and removing the harder saturated fatty acids as it gently cools back down. Leaving the liquid portion of the coconut oil which consists of the less saturated fatty acids. Ever taken a bottle of olive oil out of the fridge and seen the harder bits floating around? They are the more saturated fatty acids present in the olive oil.Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is created through a number of complicated chemical reactions and fractionated coconut oil is created through the simple physical process of heating and cooling down. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is a much more refined oil than fractionated coconut oil and with refinement comes loss of therapeutic properties. Especially through high heat processes like steam hydrolysis, that’s why everybody shouts about how good their COLD pressed oils are! For the skincare industry Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride is used to replicate the absorbency of oils like camellia, rosehip, macadamia or hazelnut and to create a silky smooth feel. Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride has a much higher shelf life than most other oils, especially the lighter oils used in serums and is available at a lower price. So it’s great for saving money and increasing profit margins on a product while still benefiting from some really useful properties. But, in our opinion it’s not the real deal and not really a natural oil.In our Hammam Moisturising Serum we use unrefined organic oils of Rosehip seed, Argan, Jojoba and Macadamia. Not only are these real cold-pressed oils which our body easily recognises, they are quick absorbing, anti-aging, sebum balancing, and full of real plant goodness.Capric or caprylic triglyceride is a clear liquid derived from coconut oil, which is an edible substance that comes from the coconut nut of the coconut palm tree. Coconut palms, cocos nucifera, grow around the world in lowland tropical and subtropical areas where annual precipitation is low.Healthy coconut palms produce 50 nuts per year, and the tree can be used to produce everything from food and drink to fibers, building materials, and natural ingredients.Capric or caprylic triglyceride is a digestible ingredient used in hundreds of personal care and household products, such as baby wipes, lotion, makeup, deodorant, sunscreen, and hair-care items.Sometimes known as fractionated coconut oil, caprylic or capric triglyceride is widely used in skin products due to its rapid penetration ability.It helps bind moisture to the skin and has a neutral color and odor.We use capric or caprylic triglyceride in our products as a moisturizer. Palm oil is a common alternative, but it is an endangered resource. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review has deemed capric or caprylic triglyceride safe in cosmetic formulations.Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards.Studies show that capric or caprylic triglyceride have very low toxicity to people and animals when eaten, injected, or put on the skin or eyes.Studies also show capric or caprylic triglyceride is not a skin irritant.Caprylic triglyceride is the mixed triester of glycerin and caprylic and capric acids. It is made by first separating the fatty acids and the glycerol in coconut oil. This is done by hydrolyzing the coconut oil, which involves applying heat and pressure to the oil to split it apart. The acids then go through esterification to add back the glycerol. The resulting oil is called capric or caprylic triglyceride. It has different properties from raw coconut oil.Caprylic/capric triglyceride is an oily liquid derived from caprylic and capric fatty acids (typically sourced from coconut oil) and glycerin.Caprylic acid and capric acid are saturated fatty acids found naturally in plant oils such as coconut and palm. These fatty acids are also found in the milk of some mammals, including goats, from which they get their name - ‘caprylic’ and ‘capric’ coming from the latin word for goats: capra. The caprylic/capric triglyceride we use is from plant (non-animal) origins.Caprylic/capric triglyceride can be produced by reacting coconut oil with glycerin, which separates or ‘fractionates’ the glycerides. ‘Caprylic’ and ‘Capric’ are names to describe the length of the resulting fatty acid molecules: 8 carbons long for caprylic and 10 for capric. The fractionating process removes almost all the long chain triglycerides, leaving mostly medium chain triglycerides and making it a more saturated oil. This saturation gives it a long shelf life and makes it more stable. Fractionating the oil raises the comparative concentration of capric acid and caprylic acid, giving it greater antioxidant properties.Caprylic/capric triglyceride can be used in skin care products as a gentle, non-greasy emollient. It helps restore the skin's protective barrier while replenishing moisture, leaving skin soft and smooth. Similarly, when used in hair care products caprylic/capric triglyceride creates a protective barrier on the hair surface, helping to retain moisture and prevent dryness.Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides was developed nearly 60 years ago and is produced by the esterification of glycerol (plant sugars) with mixtures of caprylic (C:8) and capric (C:10) fatty acids derived from coconut oils. Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides are a specific type of coconut oil fatty acids. Some people refer to it as Fractionated Coconut oil. It is similar but not quite the same. This is because Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides uses the Caprylic and Capric Fatty Acids, while Fractionated Coconut Oil is a combination of all of the fatty acids, pulled through the distillation process.The difference between Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides and Fractionated Coconut Oil are well documented and are obvious in the the feel and performance of the two oils.It has been shown that Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides offers a dry, silky oil feel while the Fractionated Coconut Oil has the feel of a regular carrier oil. In performance, Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides are a suitable oil replacement, when you need to use it with emulsifiers that are intolerant of carrier oils, where the Fractionated Coconut Oil is not.As an emollient, it both quickly and efficiently penetrates the surface to condition the skin/hair, and provides a lightweight and non-greasy barrier to the hair to retain moisture.As a dispersing agent, it helps enhance the delivery of vitamins, pigments and other active ingredients contained in a solution so that they become evenly spread out and fully absorbed by the epidermis. Caprylic/capric triglyceride is an oily liquid made from palm kernel or coconut oil. It is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone. Caprylic/capric triglycerides are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed. Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6–12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms).Caprylic/capric triglyceride creates a barrier on the skin's surface, which helps to decrease the loss of moisture. Its oily texture helps to thicken and provides a slipperiness to the product, which helps make our prebiotic deodorants easy to apply and leave a non-greasy skin feel.

CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC GLYCERIDES, N° CAS : 73398-61-5, Nom INCI : CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC GLYCERIDES, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 277-452-2, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl. : (1-decanoyloxy-3-octanoyloxypropan-2-yl) dodecanoate; Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride; Caprylic/capric triglycerides; Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl (Medium Chain Triglyceride); Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl; MCT; Medium Chain Triglyceride; Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT/TCM); Bergabest MCT-Oil; CHINT: TGL C8-10 mixed; CremerCOOR; CremerCOOR MCT; Crodamol GTCC; Crodamol GTCC 65; DUB MCT; Grindsted; IMEX 3/9280; IMEX MCT 60/40; IMEX MCT 60/40(C);Miglyol 810 ;TCG-M; Triglycerides C8/C10

Caprylic/Capric Acid Triglyceride Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is an ingredient used in soaps and cosmetics. It’s usually made from combining coconut oil with glycerin. This ingredient is sometimes called Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride. It’s also sometimes mistakenly called fractionated coconut oil. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride has been widely used for more than 50 years. It helps smooth skin and works as an antioxidant. It also binds other ingredients together, and can work as a preservative of sorts to make the active ingredients in cosmetics last longer. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is valued as a more natural alternative to other synthetic chemicals found in topical skin products. Companies that claim that their products are “all natural” or “organic” often contain Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride. While it’s technically made of natural components, the Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride used in products isn’t usually found in nature. A chemical process separates the oily liquid so that a “pure” version of it can be added to products. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride benefits Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are compounds made of naturally occurring fatty acids. They’re a clear liquid and slightly sweet to the taste. The high fat content in triglycerides, along with their texture and antioxidant qualities, make them of particular use for soap and skin care products. Properties Chemical formula C8H16O2 Molar mass 144.214 g·mol−1 Appearance Oily colorless liquid Odor Faint, fruity-acid; irritating Density 0.910 g/cm3[1] Melting point 16.7 °C (62.1 °F; 289.8 K)[3] Boiling point 239.7 °C (463.5 °F; 512.8 K)[1] Solubility in water 0.068 g/100 mL[1] Solubility soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, CS2, petroleum ether, acetonitrile log P 3.05 Vapor pressure 0.25 Pa Acidity (pKa) 4.89[2] 1.055 (2.06–2.63 K) 1.53 (−191 °C) Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -101.60·10−6 cm3/mol Refractive index (nD) 1.4285 Emollient Emollients are ingredients that soften your skin. Emollients work by trapping moisture in your skin and forming a protective layer so the moisture can’t escape. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is an effective skin-softening ingredient. Dispersing agents are the parts of any chemical or organic compound that hold the ingredients together and stabilize them. Mixing other active ingredients, pigments, or scents in a good dispersing agent keeps the ingredients from clumping together or sinking to the bottom of the mixture. The waxy and thick consistency of Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides make them an excellent dispersing agent. Solvent Solvents are ingredients that can dissolve, or break apart, certain ingredients or compounds. Ingredients are solvents based on how their molecules are structured and shaped, and how they interact with other substances. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride can dissolve compounds that are designed to clump together. While some solvents have toxic ingredients, Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride doesn’t carry those risks. Antioxidant Antioxidants work to neutralize toxins you’re exposed to every day in your environment. Antioxidants stop the chain reaction called oxidation, which can age your skin and take a toll on your body. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is full of antioxidants that help preserve your skin and help you feel younger. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride uses Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride can be found in topical skin care products that you use on and around your face. It’s used to: boost the shelf life of these products add a sheen to your skin that’s light and non-greasy boost the antioxidants in the product These products include: moisturizing face creams; anti-aging serums; sunscreens; eye creams Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride in cosmetics Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is a popular ingredient in makeup and other cosmetics. The ingredient keeps pigments evenly distributed in a cosmetic formula without causing a sticky feeling on your skin. You’ll often see this ingredient listed in these cosmetics: lipstick; lip balm; lip liner; cream-based and liquid foundations; eye liner Is Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride safe? Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride carries a very low, if any, toxicity for topical use. The FDA notes that it’s generally recognized as safe in low amounts as a food additive. That means it’s not toxic to consume the trace amounts that might be in your lipstick or lip balm. Unless you have a severe allergy to coconut oil, you’re at very little risk for an allergic reaction triggered by using Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride. There’s some environmental concern for the use of Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride. We don’t know enough about the way it’s broken down in nature and if it might eventually build up and pose a threat to wildlife. More research is needed to determine the safest ways to dispose of products that contain Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride. Takeaway Current research states that Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is safe for most people to use. Consuming it in small amounts as a food additive, sweetener, or cosmetic product doesn’t pose a risk to your health. Capric acid capric triglyceride is one of the cleanest ingredients that you can find as a natural alternative to chemical ingredients. Everyone’s skin reacts differently to different chemicals. Always proceed carefully when you’re using a new cosmetic product or face cream. Derived from coconut oil and glycerin. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is a clear, non-viscous liquid. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride contains a mix of fatty acids that helps to replenish the skin and resist moisture loss. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride acts as an excellent emollient, dispersing agent and skin-replenishing ingredient. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is especially suited to sensitive and oily skin. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is used in all skin care creams and lotions, make up, shampoos and cleansers. Derived from coconut oil and glycerin Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is considered an excellent emollient and skin-replenishing ingredient. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride’s included in cosmetics due to its mix of fatty acids that skin can use to replenish its surface and resist moisture loss. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride can also function as a thickener, but its chief job is to moisturize and replenish skin. This ingredient’s value for skin is made greater by the fact that it’s considered gentle. What is Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride? Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is an oily liquid made from palm kernel or coconut oil. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone. Caprylic/capric triglycerides are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed. Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6–12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms). What does Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride do? Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride creates a barrier on the skin's surface, which helps to reduce skin dryness by decreasing the loss of moisture. Its oily texture helps to thicken and provides a slipperiness, which helps make our lotions and natural strength deodorants easy to apply and leaves a non-greasy after-touch. How is Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride made? Our Stewardship Model guides us to select ingredients which have been processed in a manner that supports our philosophy of human and environmental health. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are naturally occurring in coconut and palm kernel oils at lower levels but to make this pure ingredient, the oils are split and the specific fatty acid (capric acid and caprylic acid are isolated and recombined with the glycerin backbone to form the pure capric/caprylic triglyceride which is then further purified (bleached and deodorized) using clay, heat and steam. No other additives or processing aids are used. What are the alternatives? Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) including caprylic triglyceride are naturally found in a variety of animal and vegetable fats. These sources typically contain low amounts, but palm kernel oil contains a significant amount, which is why we source caprylic triglyceride from this source. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides (CCT) are mistakenly called Fractionated Coconut Oil. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are a specialized esterification of Coconut Oil using just the Caprylic and Capric Fatty Acids, while Fractionated Coconut Oil is a, standard, distillation of Coconut Oil which results in a combination of all of the fatty acids, pulled through the distillation process. Fractionated Coconut Oil has the same feel, and performance, of traditional vegetable oils with a lighter feel and extended shelf life, than most common carrier oils. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides do not feel like a standard carrier oil, at all. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are an ester and have a very light, silky oil, feel that is not at all greasy oily feeling on the skin. There are many suppliers that haven't recognized the difference between these two products, which is unfortunate for the discriminate formulator because the two are not interchangeable. Just because they both come from coconut oil doesn't make them the same thing. If that rationale were accurate then they would have to say that Neroli, Petitgrain, and Bitter Orange are all the same thing because they all come from the same tree, or that Emulsifying Wax and CocoBetaine are the same thing because they come from the same Coconut. The difference between Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides and Fractionated Coconut Oil are obvious in the chemistry, and to the touch. If a comparison is done, by applying the two to the skin, it is very clear that the Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides offers a silky feel, a testament to the specialized esters, while the Fractionated Coconut Oil has the feel of a common carrier oil. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides have a dry, silky oil, feel that is almost powdery because it is still present on the skin but not oily. These are just the esthetic properties. When it comes down to chemical performance the Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are a suitable oil replacement, when you need to use it with emulsifiers that are intolerant of carrier oils, where the Fractionated Coconut Oil is not. Ingredients To Die For offers Fractionated Coconut Oil as well, because it has value when you're looking for it's particular attributes as a vegetable oil, just not as a substitute for carrier oils, for oily skin, for sensitive skin, or oil free product claims and not as a substitute for Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are produced by the esterification of glycerol (plant sugars) with mixtures of caprylic (C:8) and capric (C:10) fatty acids from coconut or palm kernel oils. The special combination, and esterification, are responsible for the silky oil feel. This is a specialized process used to achieve the skin benefits of the specific fatty acid esters that also results in superior oxidative stability, low color, and odor, as it is then further refined to remove residual fatty acids resulting in a pure ester, with a silky oil feel, that is a great choice for sensitive skin and oil free applications. The unique metabolic, and functional properties, of Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, are a consequence of their chemical structure, and makes them a versatile ingredient in numerous Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic applications. In skin care applications Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides offer several key benefits: they offer a noticeable silkiness in products, they exhibit excellent anti-oxidant properties to extend the natural shelf life, they offer skin nurturing benefits due to the skin loving nature of the specific fatty acid esters, not seen with common Fractionated Coconut Oil, or other carrier oils, and they are especially suited to sensitive skin and oily skin. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride were developed over fifty years ago as an energy source for patients with fat malabsorption syndrome and they still find use, today, in medical nutritional products, owing to the purity of this specialty ester and the unique attributes of Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides offers low viscosity and excellent oxidative stability, and anti-oxidant protection, with an unlimited shelf life. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride are efficient solvents and therefore, act as carriers for fat-soluble vitamins and actives. Their emollient properties enable Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides to improve the esthetics of topical products while functioning as a component of the delivery system. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides may also be used to help solubilize actives that are not readily soluble in traditional carrier oils. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides is a perfect vehicle for using Alpha Lipoic Acid, to keep it in solution. To do this add 10% Alpha Lipoic Acid to 90% Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, mixing to combine and then add this solution to your product at cool down. Do not apply heat, once you've added the solution, which will cause the Alpha Lipoic Acid to fall out of solution. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride What is Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride? Caprylic capric triglyceride is an oily liquid made from palm kernel or coconut oil. It is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed. Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6-12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms). What does it do? Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride creates a barrier on the skin's surface, which helps to reduce skin dryness by decreasing the loss of moisture. Its oily texture helps to thicken and provides a slipperiness, which helps make our lotions and natural strength deodorants easy to apply and leaves a non-greasy after-touch. How is Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride made? Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are naturally occurring in coconut and palm kernel oils at lower levels but to make this pure ingredient, the oils are split and the specific fatty acid (capric acid and caprylic acid are isolated and recombined with the glycerin backbone to form the pure capric Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride which is then further purified (bleached and deodorized) using clay, heat and steam. No other additives or processing aids are used. What are the alternatives? Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) including Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride are naturally found in a variety of animal and vegetable fats. These sources typically contain low amounts, but palm kernel oil contains a significant amount, which is why we source Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride from this source. Is this the right option for me? The FDA deems caprylic acid (this ingredient's main component) as a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) substance to be used as a food additive.1 Caprylic acid, also known under the systematic name octanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH₃(CH₂)₆CO₂H. Classified as a carboxylic acid, it is a colorless oily liquid that is minimally soluble in water with a slightly unpleasant rancid-like smell and taste Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides are produced by the esterification of glycerol (plant sugars) with mixtures of caprylic (C:8) and capric (C:10) fatty acids from coconut or palm kernel oils. The special combination, and esterification, are responsible for the silky oil feel. This is a specialized process used to achieve the skin benefits of the specific fatty acid esters that also results in superior oxidative stability, low color, and odor, as it is then further refined to remove residual fatty acids resulting in a pure ester, with a silky oil feel, that is a great choice for sensitive skin and oil free applications. The unique metabolic, and functional properties, of Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, are a consequence of their chemical structure, and makes them a versatile ingredient in numerous Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic applications. In skin care applications Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides offer several key benefits: they offer a noticeable silkiness in products, they exhibit excellent anti-oxidant properties to extend the natural shelf life, they offer skin nurturing benefits due to the skin loving nature of the specific fatty acid esters, not seen with common Fractionated Coconut Oil, or other carrier oils, and they are especially suited to sensitive skin and oily skin. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride were developed over fifty years ago as an energy source for patients with fat malabsorption syndrome and they still find use, today, in medical nutritional products, owing to the purity of this specialty ester and the unique attributes of Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides offers low viscosity and excellent oxidative stability, and anti-oxidant protection, with an unlimited shelf life. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride are efficient solvents and therefore, act as carriers for fat-soluble vitamins and actives. Their emollient properties enable Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides to improve the esthetics of topical products while functioning as a component of the delivery system. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides may also be used to help solubilize actives that are not readily soluble in traditional carrier oils. Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides is a perfect vehicle for using Alpha Lipoic Acid, to keep it in solution. To do this add 10% Alpha Lipoic Acid to 90% Caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, mixing to combine and then add this solution to your product at cool down. Do not apply heat, once you`ve added the solution, which will cause the Alpha Lipoic Acid to fall out of solution. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride (from the Latin word capra, meaning "goat"), also known under the systematic name octanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3(CH2)6CO2H. Classified as a carboxylic acid, it is a colorless oily liquid that is minimally soluble in water with a slightly unpleasant rancid-like smell and taste.[1] Salts and esters of oacid are known as octanoates or caprylates. It is a common industrial chemical, which is produced by oxidation of the C8 aldehyde.[4] Its compounds are found naturally in the milk of various mammals, and as a minor constituent of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Two other acids are named after goats via the Latin word capra: caproic acid (C6) and capric acid (C10). Along with caprylic acid (C8) these total 15% in goat milk fat. USES of Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is an antimicrobial pesticide used as a food contact surface sanitizer in commercial food handling establishments on dairy equipment, food processing equipment, breweries, wineries, and beverage processing plants. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is also used as disinfectant in health care facilities, schools colleges, animal care veterinary facilities, industrial facilities, office buildings, recreational facilities, retail and wholesale establishments, livestock premises, restaurants, and hotels motels. In addition, caprylic acid is used as an algaecide, bactericide, fungicide, and herbicide in nurseries, greenhouses, garden centers, and interiorscapes on ornamentals. Products containing Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride are formulated as soluble concentrate liquids and ready-to-use liquids. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride plays an important role in the body`s regulation of energy input and output, a function which is performed by the hormone ghrelin. The sensation of hunger is a signal that the body requires an input of energy in the form of food consumption. Ghrelin stimulates hunger by triggering receptors in the hypothalamus. In order to activate these receptors, ghrelin must undergo a process called acylation in which it acquires an -OH group, and caprylic acid provides this by linking at a specific site on ghrelin molecules. Other fatty acids in the same position have similar effects on hunger. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is currently being researched as a treatment for essential tremor. The acid chloride of caprylic acid is used in the synthesis of perfluorooctanoic acid. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is a triglyceride obtained by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by octanoic acid. Used as an alternative energy source to glucose for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. It has a role as an anticonvulsant and a plant metabolite. It is a triglyceride and an octanoate ester. What Is Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride? Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is a clear liquid derived from coconut oil, which is an edible substance that comes from the coconut nut of the coconut palm tree. Coconut palms, cocos nucifera, grow around the world in lowland tropical and subtropical areas where annual precipitation is low.[1] Healthy coconut palms produce 50 nuts per year, and the tree can be used to produce everything from food and drink to fibers, building materials, and natural ingredients.[2] Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is a digestible ingredient used in hundreds of personal care and household products, such as baby wipes, lotion, makeup, deodorant, sunscreen, and hair-care items. What Does Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride Do in Our products? Sometimes known as fractionated coconut oil, Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is widely used in skin products due to its rapid penetration ability.[6] It helps bind moisture to the skin and has a neutral color and odor.[7] Why Puracy Uses Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride We use Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride in our products as a moisturizer. Palm oil is a common alternative, but it is an endangered resource. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review has deemed Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride safe in cosmetic formulations, and the Food and Drug Administration has deemed Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in food.[10] Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care quality standards.[11] Studies show that Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride have very low toxicity to people and animals when eaten, injected, or put on the skin or eyes.[12] Studies also show Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is not a skin irritant.[13] How Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride Is Made Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is the mixed triester of glycerin and caprylic and capric acids. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is made by first separating the fatty acids and the glycerol in coconut oil. This is done by hydrolyzing the coconut oil, which involves applying heat and pressure to the oil to split it apart. The acids then go through esterification to add back the glycerol. The resulting oil is called Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride. It has different properties from raw coconut oil. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons causing progressive muscle weakness, paralysis, and finally death. ALS patients suffer from asthenia and their progressive weakness negatively impacts quality of life, limiting their daily activities. They have impaired energy balance linked to lower activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes in ALS spinal cord, suggesting that improving mitochondrial function may present a therapeutic approach for ALS. When fed a ketogenic diet, the G93A ALS mouse shows a significant increase in serum ketones as well as a significantly slower progression of weakness and lower mortality rate. In this study, we treated SOD1-G93A mice with Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride, a medium chain triglyceride that is metabolized into ketone bodies and can serve as an alternate energy substrate for neuronal metabolism. Treatment with Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride attenuated progression of weakness and protected spinal cord motor neuron loss in SOD1-G93A transgenic animals, significantly improving their performance even though there was no significant benefit regarding the survival of the ALS transgenic animals. We found that Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride significantly promoted the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in vivo. Our results demonstrated that Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride alleviates ALS-type motor impairment through restoration of energy metabolism in SOD1-G93A ALS mice, especially during the overt stage of the disease. These data indicate the feasibility of using caprylic acid as an easily administered treatment with a high impact on the quality of life of ALS patients. Medium chain triglyceride diets were developed as a more palatable modification of the ketogenic diet [39]. Medium chain triglycerides are six to twelve carbon fatty acid esters of glycerol. They are highly ketogenic and due to their small size, they are hydrolyzed into free fatty acids in the intestine and rapidly absorbed (reviewed in [40]). Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is an eight carbon medium chain triglyceride, which is metabolized into ketone bodies that can serve as an alternate energy substrate for neuronal metabolism. Caprylic acid is the main constituent of the medium-chain triglyceride diet advocated for seizure therapy [41] and it has been demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier [42], to exert antiepileptic effects [43] and to increase the effectiveness of the anticonvulsant drug, valproic acid [44], in mouse models of seizure. Also known as fractionated coconut oil, Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is widely used in many skin products due to its rapid penetration ability. It has been previously developed as a medical food to promote mitochondrial metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease [45]. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride did not result in any change in body weight (Fig. 1A) or motor performance (Fig. 1B) in wild type animals as compared to control group, suggesting that Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is very well tolerated. Effect of Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride on Glucose Tolerance Impaired glucose tolerance has been reported in ALS patients [49]. To test whether Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride could beneficially affect the regulation of blood glucose levels, we performed a glucose tolerance test in the experimental animals. We first compared the fasting blood glucose levels between the two groups (Fig. 3A) and found that Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride treatment did not change the fasting glucose level in SOD1-G93A animals. We also recorded their glucose levels at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after glucose injection (2 mg/g body weight). Although two way ANOVA analysis did not reveal any major difference between the Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride treatment group and control group (Fig. 3B), a significantly lower glucose level at 60 min post-injection was observed in the animals fed with Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride (Bonferroni post-test, *p<0.05). Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride Safely Increased Blood Ketone Level Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride is metabolized into ketone bodies in the liver. To determine whether Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride treatment could result in increased concentrations of ketone in the SOD1-G93A animals, we measured the blood ketone level in mice fed Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride or control isocaloric diet. The Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride fed mice showed about a 2.5 fold increase in the blood concentration of circulating ketones compared to animals on control diet (0.54±0.10 vs 0.22±0.06 mmol/L, p = 0.027 by two-tailed t-test) at post-symptomatic stage (Figure 3C). We also measured the lipid profile (Figure 3D) in the plasma and no difference was detected. Higher corticosterone levels have been demonstrated to significantly correlate with an earlier onset of paralysis in ALS patients [50]. We measured cortisosterone levels in the plasma (Figure 3E) and no difference was found following Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride administration. Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride Protected Against Motor Neuron Loss To determine whether Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride can protect against the motor neuron loss that accompanies the clinical symptoms of ALS, we counted the number of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord in mice on the Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride diet compared to those on control isocaloric diet at the post-symptomatic stage (day 110) (Figure 4A). There were significantly higher numbers of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord of mice on a Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride diet than those on control diet (23.96±4.38 vs. 14.61±2.31, p = 0.02 by two-tailed t-test) (Figure 4B) and the treatment returned the motor neuron count to that found in WT mice of the same age (20.4±0.5; from our previously published data [51]). Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride Promoted Oxygen Consumption in Spinal Cord Mitochondria of SOD1-G93A Mice To evaluate the effect of Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride in the mitochondrial bioenergetic profile, we isolated the spinal cord mitochondria of WT and SOD1-G93A animals fed 10% Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride or control isocaloric diet at post-symptomatic stage (day 110) and measured oxygen consumption rate using the Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer. WT mice on control and Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride diets had comparable OCRs (Fig. 5D). We found that basal and FCCP-induced maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates in the presence of the complex I substrates pyruvate and malate were increased in the spinal cord of Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride treated SOD1-G93A mice relative to mice fed control isocaloric diet (Fig. 5A and 5B; p<0.05 by two-tailed t test). Following Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride treatment, spare respiratory capacity remained unchanged in WT mice and showed a trend for increase in SOD1-G93A mice which did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 5C). ADP-stimulated state 3 respiration and OCR with complex IV electron donors showed a trend for increase, which did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 5B). Oligomycin inhibited state 4o OCR remained unchanged (data not shown). There was no significant difference in OCR with the complex II substrate succinate in spinal cord mitochondria of WT as compared to SOD1 G93A mice or of the control and Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride SOD1 G93A mice (data not shown). This evidence suggested that long term treatment of Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride changed the metabolic response, possibly through alterations of the checkpoints for control of mitochondrial respiration. Our study demonstrated that SOD1-G93A transgenic animals fed Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride showed significant improvement in the clinical signs of ALS and in motor neuron survival in the spinal cord. The improvement of motor performance in Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride-treated animals (Fig. 1D) was accompanied by significantly more motor neurons preserved in the spinal cord at the end stage of disease (Fig. 4). These findings are similar to our previously reported findings in G93A transgenic mice fed a ketogenic diet [38] as well as the R6/2 1J Huntington’s disease model [52]. It has been reported that ALS patients with elevated triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels have a prolonged survival [53]. Our data showed that animals treated with Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride did not have a prolonged life span as compared to the control group, possibly due to the fact that the treatment did not result in increased serum triglyceride/cholesterol level (Fig. 3D). Future studies will address the effect, if any, of Caprylic/capric acid triglyceride on

CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE; N° CAS : 73398-61-5 / 65381-09-1 - Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride; Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique; Autres langues : Trigliceride caprilico / caprico,Triglicérido caprílico / cáprico; Nom INCI : CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 277-452-2 / 265-724-3; Classification : Huile estérifiéeLes triglycérides à chaîne moyenne ou Triglyceride caprique et caprylique sont produits à partir d’acides gras caprique et caprylique dérivés de l’huile de palme et glycérine naturelle d’origine végétale.Nom INCI : CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE. Liquide huileux incolore à jaune clair utilisé également comme additif alimentaire E471. Il est conforme aux normes : USP, BP & Ph Eur. Émollient largement utilisé dans les soins personnels ainsi qu’en fixatif pour les parfums.Le caprylic/capric triglycéride est obtenu à partir d'une huile végétale extraite de la noix de coco qui est hydrogénée et hydrolysée. Il est utilisé en cosmétique dans de très nombreux produits et maquillage. On le retrouve aussi souvent dans les cosmétiques de type "maison" utile pour la fabrication de crèmes légères, d'huiles sèches, de soins après-solaires ... Il sert aussi de base pour diluer et appliquer des huiles essentielles ou encore de base pour réaliser des extraits de plantes. Il est très utilisé pour ses propriétés dispersives et convient aux peaux les plus sensibles. Il est autorisé en bio. Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl. ; (1-decanoyloxy-3-octanoyloxypropan-2-yl) dodecanoate; Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride; Caprylic/capric triglycerides; Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl (Medium Chain Triglyceride); Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl.; MCT; Medium Chain Triglyceride; Medium Chain Triglycerides; Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT/TCM); Triglycerides C8/C10

CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDES;odo;MEDIUM-CHAINTRIGLYCERIDE;Mixed decanoyl octanoyl glycerides;Caprylic / capric triglyceride;Decanoyl- and octanoyl glycerides;Einecs 277-452-2;Glycerin, mixed triester with caprylic acid and capric acid cas no: 73398-61-5

Nom INCI : CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC/COCO GLYCERIDES, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Nom INCI : CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC/LINOLEIC TRIGLYCERIDE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

mixed triester of glycerin and caprylic and capric acids; CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, CAPRYLIC, CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, N° CAS : 73398-61-5 / 65381-09-1 - Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Autres langues : Trigliceride caprilico / caprico, Triglicérido caprílico / cáprico, Nom INCI : CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 277-452-2 / 265-724-3; 2-Hydroxy-3-(octanoyloxy)propyl decanoate ; 97794-26-8 [RN]; CAPRIC ACID; CAPRYLIC ACID; GLYCEROL; Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride; Caprylic acid, capric acid triglyceride caprylic capric triglycerride; Caprylic/capric triglyceride; Decanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol octanoateDecanoyl/octanoyl-glycerides; Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil; Octanoic/decanoic acid triglyceride

EPHEMER Cas : 73398-61-5 / 9012-72-0

Caprylic Capric Triglycerides ; CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE; Decanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol octanoate; Glycerides, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl; Caprylic / capric triglyceride;Decanoyl- and octanoyl glycerides;Mixed decanoyl octanoyl glycerides;Glycerin, mixed triester with caprylic acid and capric acid CAS NO:73398-61-5

CAPRYLYL BUTYRATE, N° CAS : 110-39-4, Nom INCI : CAPRYLYL BUTYRATE, Nom chimique : n-Octyl butyrate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-762-4, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

5-octanoylsalicylic acid; benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-5-(1-oxooctyl)-; 2- hydroxy-5-octanoylbenzoic acid CAS NO:78418-01-6

D-Glucopyranose, oligomers, decyl octyl glycosides apg 225 glycoside dextro- glucopyranose oligomers decyl octyl glycosides green APG HC 0810 >50% green APG IC 0810 (HH) ≥70.0 jarfactant 225 DK sucranov 2000UP surfapon AG-10 triton BG-10 CAS Number 68515-73-1

Nom INCI : CAPRYLYL CAPRYLATE/CAPRATE, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Nom INCI : CAPRYLYL GALLATE Nom chimique : Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, octyl ester N° EINECS/ELINCS : 213-853-0 (I) Ses fonctions (INCI) Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité

Nom INCI : CAPRYLYL GLUCOSIDE, Nom chimique : Octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 249-887-8, Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

caprylyl/capryl glucoside, Cas : 68515-73-1, EC : 500-220-1

CAPRYLYL GLYCOL, N° CAS : 1117-86-8 - Caprylyl glycol, Autres langues : Caprililglicol, Caprylylglykol, Glicole caprilico, Nom INCI : CAPRYLYL GLYCOL, Nom chimique : Octane-1,2-diol N° EINECS/ELINCS : 214-254-7, Classification : Glycol. Le Caprylyl Glycol est un alcool dérivé de l'acide caprylique. On le retrouve présent dans le lait de certains mammifères, ainsi que dans les huiles de palme et de coco. C'est un humectant (retient l'eau) efficace et émollient (adoucit la peau) procurant une sensation unique sur la peau, il dispose d'une efficacité antimicrobienne et améliore celle des conservateurs traditionnels. Pour ses raisons, il est utilisé dans une multitude de produits cosmétiques. Il est interdit en Bio, comme tous les glycols.Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables

CAPRYLYL PYRROLIDONE, N° CAS : 2687-94-7, Nom INCI : CAPRYLYL PYRROLIDONE, Nom chimique : Pyrrolidone, N-octyl-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 403-700-8, Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

CAPRYLYL/CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE, N° CAS : 68515-73-1, Nom INCI : CAPRYLYL/CAPRYL GLUCOSIDE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 500-220-1, Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

glucopyranose oligomers decyl octyl glycosides cas no: 68515-73-1

SWEET CAPSICUM; BELL PEPPERS; CAPSICUM ANNUUM CULTIVARSBELL

ap680; bc420(color); burntsugar; burntsugarcoloring; c.i.naturalbrown10; caramelcolordye; ds400; Burnt sugar coloring matter CAS NO:8028-89-5

CARBOCYSTEINE, N° CAS : 638-23-3, Nom INCI : CARBOCYSTEINE, Nom chimique : L-Cysteine, S-(carboxymethyl)-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-327-5, Anti-séborrhée : Aide à contrôler la production de sébum, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

CARAMEL SOLID Caramel Solid the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search For other uses, see Caramel Solid (disambiguation). Caramel Solid Caramel Solid-2.jpg A saucer of liquid Caramel Solid Course Dessert or snack Place of origin Unknown Region or state Unknown Created by Various claims Main ingredients Sugar Variations brittles, pralines, crème brûlée, crème Caramel Solid, and Caramel Solid apple Cookbook: Caramel Solid Media: Caramel Solid Caramel Solid (/ˈkærəmɛl/ or /ˈkɑːrməl/[1][2]) is a medium to dark-orange confectionery product made by heating a variety of sugars. It can be used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons, or as a topping for ice cream and custard. The process of Caramel Solidization consists of heating sugar slowly to around 170 °C (340 °F). As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic color and flavor. A variety of candies, desserts, toppings, and confections are made with Caramel Solid: brittles, nougats, pralines, flan, crème brûlée, crème Caramel Solid, and Caramel Solid apples. Ice creams sometimes are flavored with or contain swirls of Caramel Solid.[3] Contents 1 Etymology 2 Caramel Solid sauce 3 Toffee 4 Salted Caramel Solid 5 Caramel Solid colouring 6 Chemistry 7 Nutritional information 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Etymology The English word comes from French Caramel Solid, borrowed from Spanish Caramel Solido (18th century), itself possibly from Portuguese Caramel Solid.[4] Most likely that comes from Late Latin calamellus 'sugar cane', a diminutive of calamus 'reed, cane', itself from Greek κάλαμος. Less likely, it comes from a Medieval Latin cannamella, from canna 'cane' + mella 'honey'.[5] Finally, some dictionaries connect it to an Arabic kora-moħalláh 'ball of sweet'.[6][7] Caramel Solid sauce Caramel Solid sauce is made by mixing Caramel Solidized sugar with cream. Depending on the intended application, additional ingredients such as butter, fruit purees, liquors, or vanilla can be used. Caramel Solid sauce is used in a variety of desserts, especially as a topping for ice cream. When it is used for crème Caramel Solid or flan, it is known as clear Caramel Solid and only contains Caramel Solidized sugar and water. Butterscotch sauce is made with brown sugar, butter, and cream. Traditionally, butterscotch is a hard candy more in line with a toffee. Toffee Milk Caramel Solid manufactured as square candies, either for eating or for melting down. Toffee, sometimes called "Caramel Solid candy", is a soft, dense, chewy candy made by boiling a mixture of milk or cream, sugar(s), glucose, butter, and vanilla (or vanilla flavoring). The sugar and glucose are heated separately to reach 130 °C (270 °F); the cream and butter are then added which cools the mixture. The mixture is then stirred and reheated until it reaches 120 °C (250 °F). Upon completion of cooking, vanilla or any additional flavorings and salt are added. Adding the vanilla or flavorings earlier would result in them burning off at the high temperatures. Adding salt earlier in the process would result in inverting the sugars as they cooked. Alternatively, all ingredients may be cooked together. In this procedure, the mixture is not heated above the firm ball stage (120 °C [250 °F]), so that Caramel Solidization of the milk occurs. This temperature is not high enough to Caramel Solidize sugar and this type of candy is often called milk Caramel Solid or cream Caramel Solid. Salted Caramel Solid Salted Caramel Solid was invented in 1977 by the French pastry chef Henri Le Roux in Quiberon, Brittany, in the form of a salted butter Caramel Solid with crushed nuts (Caramel Solid au beurre salé), using Breton demi-sel butter.[8] It was named the "Best confectionery in France" (Meilleur Bonbon de France) at the Paris Salon International de la Confiserie in 1980. He registered the trademark "CBS" (Caramel Solid au beurre salé) the year after.[9] In the late 1990s, the Parisian pastry chef Pierre Hermé introduced his salted butter and Caramel Solid macaroons and, by 2000, high-end chefs started adding a bit of salt to Caramel Solid and chocolate dishes. In 2008 it entered the mass market, when Häagen-Dazs and Starbucks started selling it.[10] Originally used in desserts, the confection has seen wide use elsewhere, including in hot chocolate and spirits such as vodka. Its popularity may come from its effects on the reward systems of the human brain, resulting in "hedonic escalation".[11] Caramel Solid colouring Main article: Caramel Solid colour Caramel Solid colouring, a dark, bitter liquid, is the highly concentrated product of near total Caramel Solidization, used commercially as food and beverage colouring, e.g., in cola. Chemistry Main article: Caramel Solidization Caramel Solidization is the removal of water from a sugar, proceeding to isomerization and polymerization of the sugars into various high-molecular-weight compounds. Compounds such as difructose anhydride may be created from the monosaccharides after water loss. Fragmentation reactions result in low-molecular-weight compounds that may be volatile and may contribute to flavor. Polymerization reactions lead to larger-molecular-weight compounds that contribute to the dark-brown color.[12] In modern recipes and in commercial production, glucose (from corn syrup or wheat) or invert sugar is added to prevent crystallization, making up 10%–50% of the sugars by mass. "Wet Caramel Solids" made by heating sucrose and water instead of sucrose alone produce their own invert sugar due to thermal reaction, but not necessarily enough to prevent crystallization in traditional recipes.[13] Nutritional information 100 grams of commercially prepared Caramel Solid contains:[14] Energy : 382 kcal Carbohydrates, by difference : 77g Of which sugars : 65.5g Total lipids (incl. fat) : 8.1g Saturated: 2.476g Monunsaturated: 1.542g Polyunsaturated: 3.478g Cholesterol : 7 mg Protein : 4.6g Fiber, total dietary : 0g See also icon Food portal Caramel Solid corn, popcorn coated in Caramel Solid Confiture de lait, Caramel Solidized, sweetened milk Dodol, a Caramel Solidized confection made with coconut milk Dulce de leche, Caramel Solidized, sweetened milk Caramel Solid frequently shows up in my recipes because it's one of my favourite flavours. Although it's not difficult to Caramel Solidize sugar, if you haven't done it before, the process can be intimidating, and it might take a couple of tries before you're comfortable taking it to the right degree of darkness: a deep amber liquid, on the edge of burnt, but still sweet in flavour. When sugar is heated, it melts into liquid. As the sugar continues to cook, it begins to take on a bit of colour, or Caramel Solidize. Because cookware and heat sources don't always distribute heat evenly, you need to stand guard during the entire process, encouraging the sugar to cook at an even rate. The two things to watch out for when making Caramel Solid are recrystallization — what happens when sugar crystals join together in a lumpy mass — and burning the sugar. You can avoid recrystallization by making sure that the sugar is free of impurities and that the pan used to cook the Caramel Solid is clean. If you're making a wet Caramel Solid—one that begins with sugar and water (more on that in a bit) — limiting the amount that the mixture is stirred during cooking helps guard against recrystallization. Sign up for Word of Mouth: the best of Guardian Food every week Read more To avoid burning the Caramel Solid, it's just a matter of being vigilant. The melted sugar should be cooked until it's a deep amber colour — it's done when it starts to smoke and begins to foam just a little bit. At this point, it should be removed from the heat immediately to stop the sugar from darkening any further. Usually, a liquid is then quickly added, which also helps halt the cooking. After making Caramel Solid, to clean the pan and dissolve any stuck-on bits, either soak it in warm water or fill the pan with water, bring it to a boil, and continue boiling until the Caramel Solid dissolves. Wet and dry Caramel Solid A wet Caramel Solid is made by heating sugar and water together in the pan. Since wet Caramel Solid doesn't get too hard when cooled, I use it for sauces and to line ramekins for flan. A dry Caramel Solid is simply sugar heated without any liquid and can handle being stirred gently. Wet Caramel Solid When making Caramel Solid, especially wet Caramel Solid, your main nemesis will be the sugar's natural tendency to recrystallize. The sugar crystals have jagged edges and, even after liquefying, want to regroup into a solid mass. Stirring a wet Caramel Solid encourages these crystals to hook up—and cause clumping. One common technique for preventing recrystallization is to cook the sugar in a covered pot until the sugar is completely melted; the trapped condensation washes away crystals clinging to the side of the pot. Another is to use a clean brush dipped in water to wash down the sides, dissolving any crystals that may have formed. I don't recommend the latter technique as I've lost a few bristles in the Caramel Solid — and found them later, when dessert was served. You can also add an interfering agent — a tiny amount of cream of tartar or lemon juice — near the beginning of cooking to help inhibit recrystallization. To make a wet Caramel Solid, begin by sprinkling the sugar in an even layer in a heavy-bottomed frying pan or saucepan. Pour water over the sugar until is it completely and evenly moistened—you don't want any dry spots. Cook the sugar and water over medium heat until the sugar dissolves. At this point, add a pinch of cream of tartar or a few drops of lemon juice, if indicated or desired. Continue cooking, watching carefully as the sugar begins to brown. If it starts to recrystallize, swirl the pan and continue to cook. Usually, the lumps will melt as the Caramel Solid continues to cook. When the Caramel Solid has darkened to the point of being almost burnt — when it's dark amber in colour, smoking, and beginning to gently foam — take it off the heat and stop the cooking by pouring in the liquid called for in the recipe. Then stir or whisk the Caramel Solid over low heat until it's smooth. If the lumps persist, you can always strain them out. Dry Caramel Solid In some ways, making dry Caramel Solid is easier than making wet Caramel Solid, but it can be difficult to control the rate of Caramel Solidization because it happens much more quickly. To make dry Caramel Solid, sprinkle an even layer of sugar in a heavy-bottomed frying pan or saucepan. As you heat the sugar, the edges and bottom will melt first and start browning. With a heatproof utensil, gently push the liquefied sugar toward the centre, which encourages the still-solid sugar to begin melting. Once the sugar begins to colour, watch very closely because dry Caramel Solid cooks rapidly, so don't take your eyes off it until it's the proper colour. If the recipe calls for a liquid, add it now. Then stir or whisk the Caramel Solid over low heat until smooth. If there are any small bits of sugar remaining, you can strain the Caramel Solid to remove them. Tips for Caramel Solid success Only refined granulated sugar can be successfully Caramel Solidized; brown sugar and powdered sugar contain impurities that inhibit Caramel Solidization. Do not use raw cane sugar. Have everything ready before you begin. Read the recipe thoroughly before you star so you're not scrambling to figure out how much liquid to add if the recipe calls for it. Use a heavy-bottomed pan and a heatproof utensil. Be sure both are spotless because even a tiny food particle can cause your Caramel Solid to recrystallize. Always choose a pot or pan large enough to allow for plenty of expansion, especially if you'll be adding cream. When liquid is added to hot Caramel Solidized sugar, the mixture sputters and bubbles up vigorously. You may wish to invert a mesh sieve over the pan and pour the liquid through it. This will disperse the liquid and partially shield you from splatters and steam. If you're a beginner, use the lowest heat possible. Slowing down the process makes it easier to manage. Partially fill the sink or a large wide vessel such as a roasting pan, with ice water so that if your Caramel Solid threatens to scorch, you can immediately set the pan bottom in the ice water which will stop the cooking quickly. Stay focused on the sugar during cooking. Just a few seconds can mean the difference between perfect and ruined. Hovering is recommended. You can protect your hands by wearing long oven mitts. If you want to be extra cautious, keep a sizeable container of ice water handy. If you accidentally spill hot Caramel Solid on your hand, immediately plunge it into the ice water to stop the burn. Don't be discouraged if you burn your Caramel Solid of it becomes a mess of dry crystals. Even very experienced pastry chefs overcook Caramel Solid. Caramel Solid (/ˈkærəmɛl/ or /ˈkɑːrməl/[1][2]) is a medium to dark-orange confectionery product made by heating a variety of sugars. It can be used as a flavoring in puddings and desserts, as a filling in bonbons, or as a topping for ice cream and custard. The process of Caramel Solidization consists of heating sugar slowly to around 170 °C (340 °F). As the sugar heats, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic color and flavor. A variety of candies, desserts, toppings, and confections are made with Caramel Solid: brittles, nougats, pralines, flan, crème brûlée, crème Caramel Solid, and Caramel Solid apples. Ice creams sometimes are flavored with or contain swirls of Caramel Solid.[3] Contents 1 Etymology 2 Caramel Solid sauce 3 Toffee 4 Salted Caramel Solid 5 Caramel Solid colouring 6 Chemistry 7 Nutritional information 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Etymology The English word comes from French Caramel Solid, borrowed from Spanish Caramel Solido (18th century), itself possibly from Portuguese Caramel Solid.[4] Most likely that comes from Late Latin calamellus 'sugar cane', a diminutive of calamus 'reed, cane', itself from Greek κάλαμος. Less likely, it comes from a Medieval Latin cannamella, from canna 'cane' + mella 'honey'.[5] Finally, some dictionaries connect it to an Arabic kora-moħalláh 'ball of sweet'.[6][7] Caramel Solid sauce Caramel Solid sauce is made by mixing Caramel Solidized sugar with cream. Depending on the intended application, additional ingredients such as butter, fruit purees, liquors, or vanilla can be used. Caramel Solid sauce is used in a variety of desserts, especially as a topping for ice cream. When it is used for crème Caramel Solid or flan, it is known as clear Caramel Solid and only contains Caramel Solidized sugar and water. Butterscotch sauce is made with brown sugar, butter, and cream. Traditionally, butterscotch is a hard candy more in line with a toffee. Toffee Milk Caramel Solid manufactured as square candies, either for eating or for melting down. Toffee, sometimes called "Caramel Solid candy", is a soft, dense, chewy candy made by boiling a mixture of milk or cream, sugar(s), glucose, butter, and vanilla (or vanilla flavoring). The sugar and glucose are heated separately to reach 130 °C (270 °F); the cream and butter are then added which cools the mixture. The mixture is then stirred and reheated until it reaches 120 °C (250 °F). Upon completion of cooking, vanilla or any additional flavorings and salt are added. Adding the vanilla or flavorings earlier would result in them burning off at the high temperatures. Adding salt earlier in the process would result in inverting the sugars as they cooked. Alternatively, all ingredients may be cooked together. In this procedure, the mixture is not heated above the firm ball stage (120 °C [250 °F]), so that Caramel Solidization of the milk occurs. This temperature is not high enough to Caramel Solidize sugar and this type of candy is often called milk Caramel Solid or cream Caramel Solid. Salted Caramel Solid Salted Caramel Solid was invented in 1977 by the French pastry chef Henri Le Roux in Quiberon, Brittany, in the form of a salted butter Caramel Solid with crushed nuts (Caramel Solid au beurre salé), using Breton demi-sel butter.[8] It was named the "Best confectionery in France" (Meilleur Bonbon de France) at the Paris Salon International de la Confiserie in 1980. He registered the trademark "CBS" (Caramel Solid au beurre salé) the year after.[9] In the late 1990s, the Parisian pastry chef Pierre Hermé introduced his salted butter and Caramel Solid macaroons and, by 2000, high-end chefs started adding a bit of salt to Caramel Solid and chocolate dishes. In 2008 it entered the mass market, when Häagen-Dazs and Starbucks started selling it.[10] Originally used in desserts, the confection has seen wide use elsewhere, including in hot chocolate and spirits such as vodka. Its popularity may come from its effects on the reward systems of the human brain, resulting in "hedonic escalation".[11] Caramel Solid colouring Main article: Caramel Solid colour Caramel Solid colouring, a dark, bitter liquid, is the highly concentrated product of near total Caramel Solidization, used commercially as food and beverage colouring, e.g., in cola. Chemistry Main article: Caramel Solidization Caramel Solidization is the removal of water from a sugar, proceeding to isomerization and polymerization of the sugars into various high-molecular-weight compounds. Compounds such as difructose anhydride may be created from the monosaccharides after water loss. Fragmentation reactions result in low-molecular-weight compounds that may be volatile and may contribute to flavor. Polymerization reactions lead to larger-molecular-weight compounds that contribute to the dark-brown color.[12] In modern recipes and in commercial production, glucose (from corn syrup or wheat) or invert sugar is added to prevent crystallization, making up 10%–50% of the sugars by mass. "Wet Caramel Solids" made by heating sucrose and water instead of sucrose alone produce their own invert sugar due to thermal reaction, but not necessarily enough to prevent crystallization in traditional recipes.[13] Nutritional information 100 grams of commercially prepared Caramel Solid contains:[14] Energy : 382 kcal Carbohydrates, by difference : 77g Of which sugars : 65.5g Total lipids (incl. fat) : 8.1g Saturated: 2.476g Monunsaturated: 1.542g Polyunsaturated: 3.478g Cholesterol : 7 mg Protein : 4.6g Fiber, total dietary : 0g See also icon Food portal Caramel Solid corn, popcorn coated in Caramel Solid Confiture de lait, Caramel Solidized, sweetened milk Dodol, a Caramel Solidized confection made with coconut milk Dulce de leche, Caramel Solidized, sweetened milk Caramel Solid frequently shows up in my recipes because it's one of my favourite flavours. Although it's not difficult to Caramel Solidize sugar, if you haven't done it before, the process can be intimidating, and it might take a couple of tries before you're comfortable taking it to the right degree of darkness: a deep amber liquid, on the edge of burnt, but still sweet in flavour. When sugar is heated, it melts into liquid. As the sugar continues to cook, it begins to take on a bit of colour, or Caramel Solidize. Because cookware and heat sources don't always distribute heat evenly, you need to stand guard during the entire process, encouraging the sugar to cook at an even rate. The two things to watch out for when making Caramel Solid are recrystallization — what happens when sugar crystals join together in a lumpy mass — and burning the sugar. You can avoid recrystallization by making sure that the sugar is free of impurities and that the pan used to cook the Caramel Solid is clean. If you're making a wet Caramel Solid—one that begins with sugar and water (more on that in a bit) — limiting the amount that the mixture is stirred during cooking helps guard against recrystallization. Sign up for Word of Mouth: the best of Guardian Food every week Read more To avoid burning the Caramel Solid, it's just a matter of being vigilant. The melted sugar should be cooked until it's a deep amber colour — it's done when it starts to smoke and begins to foam just a little bit. At this point, it should be removed from the heat immediately to stop the sugar from darkening any further. Usually, a liquid is then quickly added, which also helps halt the cooking. After making Caramel Solid, to clean the pan and dissolve any stuck-on bits, either soak it in warm water or fill the pan with water, bring it to a boil, and continue boiling until the Caramel Solid dissolves. Wet and dry Caramel Solid A wet Caramel Solid is made by heating sugar and water together in the pan. Since wet Caramel Solid doesn't get too hard when cooled, I use it for sauces and to line ramekins for flan. A dry Caramel Solid is simply sugar heated without any liquid and can handle being stirred gently. Wet Caramel Solid When making Caramel Solid, especially wet Caramel Solid, your main nemesis will be the sugar's natural tendency to recrystallize. The sugar crystals have jagged edges and, even after liquefying, want to regroup into a solid mass. Stirring a wet Caramel Solid encourages these crystals to hook up—and cause clumping. One common technique for preventing recrystallization is to cook the sugar in a covered pot until the sugar is completely melted; the trapped condensation washes away crystals clinging to the side of the pot. Another is to use a clean brush dipped in water to wash down the sides, dissolving any crystals that may have formed. I don't recommend the latter technique as I've lost a few bristles in the Caramel Solid — and found them later, when dessert was served. You can also add an interfering agent — a tiny amount of cream of tartar or lemon juice — near the beginning of cooking to help inhibit recrystallization. To make a wet Caramel Solid, begin by sprinkling the sugar in an even layer in a heavy-bottomed frying pan or saucepan. Pour water over the sugar until is it completely and evenly moistened—you don't want any dry spots. Cook the sugar and water over medium heat until the sugar dissolves. At this point, add a pinch of cream of tartar or a few drops of lemon juice, if indicated or desired. Continue cooking, watching carefully as the sugar begins to brown. If it starts to recrystallize, swirl the pan and continue to cook. Usually, the lumps will melt as the Caramel Solid continues to cook. When the Caramel Solid has darkened to the point of being almost burnt — when it's dark amber in colour, smoking, and beginning to gently foam — take it off the heat and stop the cooking by pouring in the liquid called for in the recipe. Then stir or whisk the Caramel Solid over low heat until it's smooth. If the lumps persist, you can always strain them out. Dry Caramel Solid In some ways, making dry Caramel Solid is easier than making wet Caramel Solid, but it can be difficult to control the rate of Caramel Solidization because it happens much more quickly. To make dry Caramel Solid, sprinkle an even layer of sugar in a heavy-bottomed frying pan or saucepan. As you heat the sugar, the edges and bottom will melt first and start browning. With a heatproof utensil, gently push the liquefied sugar toward the centre, which encourages the still-solid sugar to begin melting. Once the sugar begins to colour, watch very closely because dry Caramel Solid cooks rapidly, so don't take your eyes off it until it's the proper colour. If the recipe calls for a liquid, add it now. Then stir or whisk the Caramel Solid over low heat until smooth. If there are any small bits of sugar remaining, you can strain the Caramel Solid to remove them. Tips for Caramel Solid success Only refined granulated sugar can be successfully Caramel Solidized; brown sugar and powdered sugar contain impurities that inhibit Caramel Solidization. Do not use raw cane sugar. Have everything ready before you begin. Read the recipe thoroughly before you star so you're not scrambling to figure out how much liquid to add if the recipe calls for it. Use a heavy-bottomed pan and a heatproof utensil. Be sure both are spotless because even a tiny food particle can cause your Caramel Solid to recrystallize. Always choose a pot or pan large enough to allow for plenty of expansion, especially if you'll be adding cream. When liquid is added to hot Caramel Solidized sugar, the mixture sputters and bubbles up vigorously. You may wish to invert a mesh sieve over the pan and pour the liquid through it. This will disperse the liquid and partially shield you from splatters and steam. If you're a beginner, use the lowest heat possible. Slowing down the process makes it easier to manage. Partially fill the sink or a large wide vessel such as a roasting pan, with ice water so that if your Caramel Solid threatens to scorch, you can immediately set the pan bottom in the ice water which will stop the cooking quickly. Stay focused on the sugar during cooking. Just a few seconds can mean the difference between perfect and ruined. Hovering is recommended. You can protect your hands by wearing long oven mitts. If you want to be extra cautious, keep a sizeable container of ice water handy. If you accidentally spill hot Caramel Solid on your hand, immediately plunge it into the ice water to stop the burn. Don't be discouraged if you burn your Caramel Solid of it becomes a mess of dry crystals. Even very experienced pastry chefs overcook Caramel Solid.